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Siddharth J, Chakrabarti A, Pannérec A, Karaz S, Morin-Rivron D, Masoodi M, Feige JN, Parkinson SJ. Aging and sarcopenia associate with specific interactions between gut microbes, serum biomarkers and host physiology in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1698-1720. [PMID: 28783713 PMCID: PMC5559170 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome has been demonstrated to play an integral role in the maintenance of many aspects of health that are also associated with aging. In order to identify areas of potential exploration and intervention, we simultaneously characterized age-related alterations in gut microbiome, muscle physiology and serum proteomic and lipidomic profiles in aged rats to define an integrated signature of the aging phenotype. We demonstrate that aging skews the composition of the gut microbiome, in particular by altering the Sutterella to Barneseilla ratio, and alters the metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Age-related changes of the gut microbiome were associated with the physiological decline of musculoskeletal function, and with molecular markers of nutrient processing/availability, and inflammatory/immune status in aged versus adult rats. Altogether, our study highlights that aging leads to a complex interplay between the microbiome and host physiology, and provides candidate microbial species to target physical and metabolic decline during aging by modulating gut microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Siddharth
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Anirikh Chakrabarti
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alice Pannérec
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Morin-Rivron
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Scott James Parkinson
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics as Predictive Factors of Swelling and Trismus after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Longitudinal Approach. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:7938492. [PMID: 29849848 PMCID: PMC5937415 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7938492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Factors that contribute to swelling and trismus are complex, and they are originated by surgical trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine whether clinical and radiographic factors could predict the level of swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery, through longitudinal approach. Methodology A prospective longitudinal trial was carried out. Forty-five patients of both genders with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of asymptomatic mandibular impacted third molar and with no intake of analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs 12 h prior to surgery were recruited and evaluated in a 72 h follow-up period. A mixed repeated measures model and backward and restricted maximal likelihood methods were used to analyze the data. Results Male gender, body mass index (BMI), the relation to the lingual and buccal walls, and age were determinants for predicting postoperative swelling and for exerting a significant influence (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests the association of male gender, the relation to lingual and buccal walls, BMI, and age with measurement of swelling.
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Sahm A, Bens M, Szafranski K, Holtze S, Groth M, Görlach M, Calkhoven C, Müller C, Schwab M, Kraus J, Kestler HA, Cellerino A, Burda H, Hildebrandt T, Dammann P, Platzer M. Long-lived rodents reveal signatures of positive selection in genes associated with lifespan. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007272. [PMID: 29570707 PMCID: PMC5884551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of lifespan determination is poorly understood. Most research has been done on short-lived animals and it is unclear if these insights can be transferred to long-lived mammals like humans. Some African mole-rats (Bathyergidae) have life expectancies that are multiple times higher than similar sized and phylogenetically closely related rodents. To gain new insights into genetic mechanisms determining mammalian lifespans, we obtained genomic and transcriptomic data from 17 rodent species and scanned eleven evolutionary branches associated with the evolution of enhanced longevity for positively selected genes (PSGs). Indicating relevance for aging, the set of 250 identified PSGs showed in liver of long-lived naked mole-rats and short-lived rats an expression pattern that fits the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging. Moreover, we found the PSGs to be enriched for genes known to be related to aging. Among these enrichments were “cellular respiration” and “metal ion homeostasis”, as well as functional terms associated with processes regulated by the mTOR pathway: translation, autophagy and inflammation. Remarkably, among PSGs are RHEB, a regulator of mTOR, and IGF1, both central components of aging-relevant pathways, as well as genes yet unknown to be aging-associated but representing convincing functional candidates, e.g. RHEBL1, AMHR2, PSMG1 and AGER. Exemplary protein homology modeling suggests functional consequences for amino acid changes under positive selection. Therefore, we conclude that our results provide a meaningful resource for follow-up studies to mechanistically link identified genes and amino acids under positive selection to aging and lifespan determination. As an adaption to different environments rodents have evolved a wide range of lifespans. While most rodents are short-lived, along several phylogenetic branches long-lived species evolved. This provided us a unique opportunity to search for genes that are associated with enhanced longevity in mammals. Towards this, we computationally compared gene sequences of exceptional long-lived rodent species (like the naked mole-rat and chinchilla) and short-lived rodents (like rat and mouse) and identified those which evolved exceptional fast. As natural selection acts in parallel on a multitude of phenotypes, only a subset of the identified genes is probably associated with enhanced longevity. Applying several tests, we ensured that the dataset is related to aging. We conclude that lifespan extension in rodents can be attributed to changes in their defense against free radicals, iron homeostasis as well as cellular respiration and translation as central parts of the growth program. This confirms aging theories assuming a tradeoff between fast growth and long lifespan. Moreover, our study offers a meaningful resource of targets, i.e. genes and specific positions therein, for functional follow-up studies on their potential roles in the determination of lifespan–regardless whether they are currently known to be aging-related or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sahm
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Bens
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Karol Szafranski
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Görlach
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelis Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Neurology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Biology Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hynek Burda
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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Li DJ, Tseng PT, Stubbs B, Chen TY, Lin PY, Chen SL, Thompson T, Adamis D, Chu CS. Low peripheral levels of insulin growth factor-1 are associated with high incidence of delirium among elderly patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 77:13-18. [PMID: 29605680 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delirium, a serious condition observed in critically ill patients, clinically presents with impaired cognition and consciousness. The relationship between delirium and peripheral levels of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is unclear. Thus we conducted a meta-analysis to address this issue. METHODS Seven major electronic databases were searched from inception until October 2, 2017 to obtain relevant clinical variables to compare the difference in IGF-1 levels between delirious and non-delirious elderly in-patients. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS We studies 10 articles involving 294 delirious patients (mean age 73.0 years) and 604 non-delirious patients (mean age 76.9 years). We found that peripheral levels of IGF-1 in patients with delirium were significantly lower than in those without delirium (Hedges' g = -0.209, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.393 to -0.026, p = 0.025). Meta-regression analyses found that no variables such as percentage of cognitive impairment, mean age, and female proportion contribute to heterogeneity in terms of the entire population. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that lower peripheral levels of IGF-1 could be associated with a higher incidence of delirium among elderly patients. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate the association between peripheral levels of IGF-1 and delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jeng Li
- Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- WinShine Clinics in Specialty of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London, SE9 2UG, UK
| | - Dimitrios Adamis
- Sligo Mental Health Services Clarion Rd Sligo, Ireland; Research and Academic Institute of Athens, Greece
| | - Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Mugge L, Mansour TR, Krafcik B, Mazur T, Floyd-Bradstock T, Medhkour A. Immunological, vascular, metabolic, and autonomic changes seen with aging possible implications for poor outcomes in the elderly following decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA stroke: a critical review. J Neurosurg Sci 2018. [PMID: 29527887 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.18.04207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and requires rapid and intensive treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Decompressive hemicraniectomy stands as the gold standard for surgical resolution of the intracranial swelling which accompanies cerebral infarction; however, the benefits of this procedure are not as well achieved in the elderly (age >65 years) compared to the younger population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This is a critical review performed on all available literature relating to middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke in the elderly with emphasis on articles examining causality of adverse outcomes in this group over younger populations. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, we initially identified 1462 articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS After screening, four clear areas of physiological change associated with aging were identified and expounded upon as they relate to MCA stroke. These four areas include: immunological, autonomic, mitochondrial, and vascular changes. Elderly patients have a decreased and declining capacity to regulate the inflammation that develops postinfarction and this contributes to adverse outcomes from a neurological stand point. Additionally, aging decreases the ability of elderly patients to regulate their autonomic system resulting in aberrant blood pressures systemically post infarction. With age, the mitochondrial response to ischemia is exaggerated and causes greater local damage in elderly patients compared to younger populations. Finally, there are numerous vascular changes that occur with age including accumulation of homocysteine and atherosclerosis which together contributed to decreased structural integrity of the vasculature in the elderly and render decreased support to the recovery process post infarction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that physiological changes inherent in the aging process serve to intensify adverse outcomes that are commonly associated with strokes in the elderly. Identification and subsequent minimization of these risk factors could allow for more effective management of elderly patients, post stroke, and promote better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mugge
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tarek R Mansour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brianna Krafcik
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Travis Mazur
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tonya Floyd-Bradstock
- Interprofessional Immersive Simulation Center, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Azedine Medhkour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA -
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Accardi G, Caruso C. Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly: an update. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29507595 PMCID: PMC5833087 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-018-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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James LM, Christova P, Lewis SM, Engdahl BE, Georgopoulos A, Georgopoulos AP. Protective Effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Allele DRB1*13:02 on Age-Related Brain Gray Matter Volume Reduction in Healthy Women. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:31-37. [PMID: 29452862 PMCID: PMC5925575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of brain volume (brain atrophy) during healthy brain aging is well documented and dependent on genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. Here we investigated the possible dependence of brain gray matter volume reduction in the absence of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele DRB1*13:02 which prevents brain atrophy in Gulf War Illness (James et al., 2017). METHODS Seventy-one cognitively healthy women (32-69years old) underwent a structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) scan to measure the volumes of total gray matter, cerebrocortical gray matter, and subcortical gray matter. Participants were assigned to two groups, depending on whether they lacked the DRB1*13:02 allele (No DRB1*13:02 group, N=60) or carried the DRB1*13:02 allele (N=11). We assessed the change of brain gray matter volume with age in each group by performing a linear regression where the brain volume (adjusted for total intracranial volume) was the dependent variable and age was the independent variable. FINDINGS In the No DRB1*13:02 group, the volumes of total gray matter, cerebrocortical gray matter, and subcortical gray matter were reduced highly significantly. In contrast, none of these volumes showed a statistically significant reduction with age in the DRB1*13:02 group. INTERPRETATION These findings document the protective effect of DRB1*13:02 on age-dependent reduction of brain gray matter in healthy individuals. Since the role of this allele is to connect to matching epitopes of external antigens for the subsequent production of antibodies and elimination of the offending antigen, we hypothesize that its protective effect may be due to the successful elimination of such antigens to which we are exposed during the lifespan, antigens that otherwise would persist causing gradual brain atrophy. In addition, we consider a possible beneficial role of DRB1*13:02 attributed to its binding to cathepsin S, a known harmful substance in brain aging (Wendt et al., 2008). Of course, other factors covarying with the presence of DRB1*13:02 could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peka Christova
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Scott M Lewis
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angeliki Georgopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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LEE I, CHO J, HONG H, JIN Y, KIM D, KANG H. Sarcopenia Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Elderly Korean Women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:327-334. [PMID: 29845019 PMCID: PMC5971168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia has been implicated in the increased risk for cognitive impairment and depression associated with aging. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship of sarcopenia with cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in a sample of 201 community-dwelling Korean women (mean age of 74.0±6.8 yr) between 2014 and 2015. METHODS The Korean version of mini-mental state examination and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to assess cognitive performance and depression, respectively. Grp strength was measured with a dynamometer. Demographics, body composition, education, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases were assessed as covariates. RESULTS Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MCI and depression were calculated according to sarcopenia status. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 2.160 (95% CI of 0.840 - 5.554, P=0.030) and of 5.493 (95% CI of 1.854 - 16.270, P=0.002) for MCI. The OR of pre-sarcopenia for MCI remained significant (P=0.030) even after adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, and education, while the OR of sarcopenia for MCI was no longer significant (P=0.084) when adjusted for the covariates. Compared to non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic women had the ORs of 3.750 (95% CI of 1.137 - 12.370, P=0.030) and of 4.687 (95% CI of 1.127-19.505, P=0.034) for depression. The ORs of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia for depression remained statistically significant (P=0.020 and P=0.042, respectively) even after adjusted for the covariates. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia was significantly associated with MCI and depression in otherwise healthy community dwelling elderly Korean women.
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Coder B, Wang W, Wang L, Wu Z, Zhuge Q, Su DM. Friend or foe: the dichotomous impact of T cells on neuro-de/re-generation during aging. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7116-7137. [PMID: 27738345 PMCID: PMC5351694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between T cells and the central nervous system (CNS) in homeostasis and injury has been recognized being both pathogenic (CD4+ T-helper 1 - Th1, Th17 and γδT) and ameliorative (Th2 and regulatory T cells - Tregs). However, in-depth studies aimed to elucidate the precise in the aged microenvironment and the dichotomous role of Tregs have just begun and many aspects remain unclear. This is due, not only to a mutual dependency and reciprocal causation of alterations and diseases between the nervous and T cell immune systems, but also to an inconsistent aging of the two systems, which dynamically changes with CNS injury/recovery and/or aging process. Cellular immune system aging, particularly immunosenescence and T cell aging initiated by thymic involution - sources of chronic inflammation in the elderly (termed inflammaging), potentially induces an acceleration of brain aging and memory loss. In turn, aging of the brain via neuro-endocrine-immune network drives total body systemic aging, including that of the immune system. Therefore, immunotherapeutics including vaccination and “protective autoimmunity” provide promising means to rejuvenate neuro-inflammatory disorders and repair CNS acute injury and chronic neuro-degeneration. We review the current understanding and recent discoveries linking the aging immune system with CNS injury and neuro-degeneration. Additionally, we discuss potential recovery and rejuvenation strategies, focusing on targeting the aging T cell immune system in an effort to alleviate acute brain injury and chronic neuro-degeneration during aging, via the “thymus-inflammaging-neurodegeneration axis”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Coder
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Weikan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Kantarci A, Aytan N, Palaska I, Stephens D, Crabtree L, Benincasa C, Jenkins BG, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A. Combined administration of resolvin E1 and lipoxin A4 resolves inflammation in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2018; 300:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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111
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Vasto S, Accardi G, Aiello A, Di Gaudio F, Barera A, Indelicato S, Galimberti D, Italiano E, Monastero R, Rizzo C, Caruso C, Candore G. Dietary Supplements as Surrogate of Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Smoking Subjects. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:37-43. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
- Quality Control Laboratories and Chemical Risk, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Barera
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Quality Control Laboratories and Chemical Risk, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Italiano
- Operative Unit of Urology, Hospital “Villa Sofia-Cervello,” Piazzetta Salerno, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Rizzo
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Khan I, Agashe D, Rolff J. Early-life inflammation, immune response and ageing. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0125. [PMID: 28275145 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases are often attributed to immunopathology, which results in self-damage caused by an inappropriate inflammatory response. Immunopathology associated with early-life inflammation also appears to cause faster ageing, although we lack direct experimental evidence for this association. To understand the interactions between ageing, inflammation and immunopathology, we used the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor as a study organism. We hypothesized that phenoloxidase, an important immune effector in insect defence, may impose substantial immunopathological costs by causing tissue damage to Malpighian tubules (MTs; functionally equivalent to the human kidney), in turn accelerating ageing. In support of this hypothesis, we found that RNAi knockdown of phenoloxidase (PO) transcripts in young adults possibly reduced inflammation-induced autoreactive tissue damage to MTs, and increased adult lifespan. Our work thus suggests a causative link between immunopathological costs of early-life inflammation and faster ageing. We also reasoned that if natural selection weakens with age, older individuals should display increased immunopathological costs associated with an immune response. Indeed, we found that while old infected individuals cleared infection faster than young individuals, possibly they also displayed exacerbated immunopathological costs (larger decline in MT function) and higher post-infection mortality. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PO response partially rescued MTs function in older beetles and resulted in increased lifespan after infection. Taken together, our data are consistent with a direct role of immunopathological consequences of immune response during ageing in insects. Our work is also the first report that highlights the pervasive role of tissue damage under diverse contexts of ageing and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imroze Khan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India .,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Königin-Luise Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Dahlem, Germany
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jens Rolff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Königin-Luise Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Dahlem, Germany
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113
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Martin B, Gabris-Weber BA, Reddy R, Romero G, Chattopadhyay A, Salama G. Relaxin reverses inflammatory and immune signals in aged hearts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190935. [PMID: 29346407 PMCID: PMC5773192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ‘Healthy’ aging drives structural and functional changes in the heart including maladaptive electrical remodeling, fibrosis and inflammation, which lower the threshold for cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite mixed results in recent clinical trials, Relaxin-therapy for 2-days could reduce mortality by 37% at 180-days post-treatment, in patients with acute decompensated HF. Relaxin’s short life-span (hours) but long-lasting protective actions led us to test the hypothesis that relaxin acts at a genomic level to reverse maladaptive remodeling in aging and HF. Methods and results Young (9-month) and aged (24-month), male and female F-344/Brown Norway rats were treated with relaxin (0.4 mg/kg/day) for 2-weeks delivered by subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps or with sodium acetate (controls). The genomic effects of aging and relaxin were evaluated by extracting RNA from the left ventricles and analyzing genomic changes by RNA-sequencing, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MetaCore and tissue immunohistochemistry. We found that aging promotes a native inflammatory response with distinct sex-differences and relaxin suppresses transcription of multiple genes and signaling pathways associated with inflammation and HF in both genders. In addition, aging significantly increased: macrophage infiltration and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in female ventricles, and activation of the complement cascade, whereas relaxin reversed these age-related effects. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that relaxin alters gene transcription and suppresses inflammatory pathways and genes associated with HF and aging. Relaxin’s suppression of inflammation and fibrosis supports its potential as a therapy for cardiovascular and inflammation-related diseases, such as HF, AF and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Martin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Beth Ann Gabris-Weber
- School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rajiv Reddy
- School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Romero
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Biology Information Service, Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Guy Salama
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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114
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Harding SD, Sharman JL, Faccenda E, Southan C, Pawson AJ, Ireland S, Gray AJG, Bruce L, Alexander SPH, Anderton S, Bryant C, Davenport AP, Doerig C, Fabbro D, Levi-Schaffer F, Spedding M, Davies JA. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2018: updates and expansion to encompass the new guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:D1091-D1106. [PMID: 29149325 PMCID: PMC5753190 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1455] [Impact Index Per Article: 242.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb, www.guidetopharmacology.org) and its precursor IUPHAR-DB, have captured expert-curated interactions between targets and ligands from selected papers in pharmacology and drug discovery since 2003. This resource continues to be developed in conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the British Pharmacological Society (BPS). As previously described, our unique model of content selection and quality control is based on 96 target-class subcommittees comprising 512 scientists collaborating with in-house curators. This update describes content expansion, new features and interoperability improvements introduced in the 10 releases since August 2015. Our relationship matrix now describes ∼9000 ligands, ∼15 000 binding constants, ∼6000 papers and ∼1700 human proteins. As an important addition, we also introduce our newly funded project for the Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (GtoImmuPdb, www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org). This has been 'forked' from the well-established GtoPdb data model and expanded into new types of data related to the immune system and inflammatory processes. This includes new ligands, targets, pathways, cell types and diseases for which we are recruiting new IUPHAR expert committees. Designed as an immunopharmacological gateway, it also has an emphasis on potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Harding
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Chris Southan
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sam Ireland
- Department of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alasdair J G Gray
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Liam Bruce
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen Anderton
- MRC Centre for inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Clare Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Doerig
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | | | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | | | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 131 650 2999;
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence has made clear that experience-the knowledge an individual acquires during a lifetime of sensing and acting-is of fundamental biological relevance. Experience makes an impact on all adaptive systems, including the endocrine, immune, and nerve systems, and is of the essence, not only for the unfolding of an organisms' healthy status, but also for the development of malfunctional traits. Nevertheless, experience is often excluded from empirical approaches. A variety of complex interactions that influence life histories are thereby neglected. Such ignorance is especially detrimental for psychoneuroimmunology, the science that seeks to understand how the exquisite and dynamic interplay between mind, body, and environment relates to behavioral characteristics. This chapter reviews claims for incorporating experience as a member of good explanatory standing in biology and medicine, and more specifically claims that experiential knowledge is required to enable meaningful and relevant explanations and predictions in the psychoneuroimmunological realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elling Ulvestad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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116
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Aarthy M, Panwar U, Selvaraj C, Singh SK. Advantages of Structure-Based Drug Design Approaches in Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1136-1155. [PMID: 28042767 PMCID: PMC5725545 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170102145257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the review is to portray the theoretical concept on neurological disorders from research data. BACKGROUND The freak changes in chemical response of nerve impulse causes neurological disorders. The research evidence of the effort done in the older history suggests that the biological drug targets and their effective feature with responsive drugs could be valuable in promoting the future development of health statistics structure for improved treatment for curing the nervous disorders. METHODS In this review, we summarized the most iterative theoretical concept of structure based drug design approaches in various neurological disorders to unfathomable understanding of reported information for future drug design and development. RESULTS On the premise of reported information we analyzed the model of theoretical drug designing process for understanding the mechanism and pathology of the neurological diseases which covers the development of potentially effective inhibitors against the biological drug targets. Finally, it also suggests the management and implementation of the current treatment in improving the human health system behaviors. CONCLUSION With the survey of reported information we concluded the development strategies of diagnosis and treatment against neurological diseases which leads to supportive progress in the drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Aarthy
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Postal Code: 143-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu, India
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117
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Impact of aging on distribution of IgA + and IgG + cells in aggregated lymphoid nodules area in abomasum of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). Exp Gerontol 2017; 100:36-44. [PMID: 28989079 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aggregated lymphoid nodules area (ALNA) in the abomasum is a special organized lymphoid tissue discovered only in Bactrian camels at present. This study aimed to explore the impact of aging on distribution of IgA+ and IgG+ cells in ALNA in abomasum of Bactrian camels. Twenty-four Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into the following four age groups: young (1-2years), pubertal (3-5years), middle-aged (6-16years) and old (17-20years). IgA+ and IgG+ cells in the lamina propria of ALNA were observed and analyzed using immunohistochemical and statistical techniques. The results showed that, in ALNA, the distribution of IgA+ and IgG+ cells were diffuse, and only a few were in subepithelium dome (SED) and most of them in non-SED. Meanwhile, there were significantly more IgA+ cells than IgG+ cells in SED from the young to the middle aged group, but which reversed in old group (P<0.05). However, the aging significantly decreased the densities of IgA+ and IgG+ cells populations in non-SED (P<0.05); in SED, there were no significant differences between the densities of IgA+ and IgG+ cells, but which were both significantly lower in old group than those in young group (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that, in mucosal effector sites, the aging significantly decreased the densities of IgA+ and IgG+ cells populations and impacted on the defense barriers formed by IgA and IgG, but had no impact on the scattered characteristics. In inductive sites, the aging dramatically declined their densities, and they should have close relationships with immune memory. These findings lay the foundation for further researching the mucosal immune disorder or decline caused by aging, and especially underscore the importance of researching the impact of aging on the relationship between IgA+ and IgG+ cells populations and the microbiota colonized in abomasum of Bactrian camels.
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118
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Dhinaut J, Balourdet A, Teixeira M, Chogne M, Moret Y. A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12429. [PMID: 28963510 PMCID: PMC5622072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology corresponds to self-damage of the inflammatory response, resulting from oxidizing molecules produced when the immune system is activated. Immunopathology often contributes to age-related diseases and is believed to accelerate ageing. Prevention of immunopathology relies on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids such as astaxanthin. Astaxanthin currently raises considerable interest as a powerful antioxidant and for its potential in alleviating age-related diseases. Current in vitro and short-term in vivo studies provide promising results about immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. However, to what extent dietary supplementation with astaxanthin can prevent long-term adverse effects of immunopathology on longevity is unknown so far. Here, using the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, as biological model we tested the effect of lifetime dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on longevity when exposed to early life inflammation. While supplementation with astaxanthin was found to lessen immunopathology cost on larval survival and insect longevity, it was also found to reduce immunity, growth rate and the survival of non immune-challenged larvae. This study therefore reveals that astaxanthin prevents immunopathology through an immune depressive effect and can have adverse consequences on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dhinaut
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aude Balourdet
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Teixeira
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Manon Chogne
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
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119
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Fougère B, Boulanger E, Nourhashémi F, Guyonnet S, Cesari M. Chronic Inflammation: Accelerator of Biological Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1218-1225. [PMID: 28003373 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation level. This chronic phenomenon has been named "inflamm-aging" and is a highly significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the older persons. The most common theories of inflamm-aging include redox stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glycation, deregulation of the immune system, hormonal changes, epigenetic modifications, and dysfunction telomere attrition. Inflamm-aging plays a role in the initiation and progression of age-related diseases such as type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and cancer. This review will cover the identification of pathways that control age-related inflammation across multiple systems and its potential causal role in contributing to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Fougère
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fati Nourhashémi
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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120
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Lorenz G, Schmalenberg M, Kemmner S, Haller B, Steubl D, Pham D, Schreiegg A, Bachmann Q, Schmidt A, Haderer S, Huber M, Angermann S, Günthner R, Braunisch M, Hauser C, Reichelt AL, Matschkal J, Suttmann Y, Moog P, Stock K, Küchle C, Thürmel K, Renders L, Bauer A, Baumann M, Heemann U, Luppa PB, Schmaderer C. Mortality prediction in stable hemodialysis patients is refined by YKL-40, a 40-kDa glycoprotein associated with inflammation. Kidney Int 2017; 93:221-230. [PMID: 28941940 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to increased mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. YKL-40 is a novel marker of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and highly expressed in macrophages inside vascular lesions. Elevated levels of YKL-40 have been reported for HD patients but how it integrates into the proinflammatory mediator network as a predictor of mortality remains elusive. We studied serum YKL-40, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interferon-gamma induced protein-10 (IP-10) in 475 chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients were followed for mortality for a median of 37 [interquartile range: 25-49] months and checked for interrelation of the measured mediators. To plot cumulative incidence functions, patients were stratified into terciles per YKL-40, IL-6, MCP-1, and IP-10 levels. Multivariable Cox regression models were built to examine associations of YKL-40, IP-10, and MCP-1 with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Net reclassification improvement was calculated for the final models containing YKL-40 and IL-6. Increased YKL-40 was independently associated with age, IP-10, and IL-6 serum levels. After adjustment for demographic and laboratory parameters, comorbidities, and IL-6, only YKL-40 significantly improved risk prediction for all-cause (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.8) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.2). Thus, in contrast to other biomarkers of aberrant macrophage activation, YKL-40 reflects inflammatory activity, which is not covered by IL-6. Mechanistic and prospective studies are needed to test for causal involvement of YKL-40 and whether it might qualify as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lorenz
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmalenberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kemmner
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Steubl
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dang Pham
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anita Schreiegg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Quirin Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Schmidt
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Haderer
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Huber
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Angermann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Günthner
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Hauser
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Reichelt
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Matschkal
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yana Suttmann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Moog
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Stock
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudius Küchle
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Thürmel
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter B Luppa
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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121
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Ncube RT, Takarinda KC, Zishiri C, van den Boogaard W, Mlilo N, Chiteve C, Siziba N, Trinchán F, Sandy C. Age-stratified tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Zimbabwe: are we paying attention to the most vulnerable? Public Health Action 2017; 7:212-217. [PMID: 29201656 DOI: 10.5588/pha.17.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: A high tuberculosis (TB) incidence, resource-limited urban setting in Zimbabwe. Objectives: To compare treatment outcomes among people initiated on first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment in relation to age and other explanatory factors. Design: This was a retrospective record review of routine programme data. Results: Of 2209 patients included in the study, 133 (6%) were children (aged <10 years), 132 (6%) adolescents (10-19 years), 1782 (81%) adults (20-59 years) and 162 (7%) were aged ⩾60 years, defined as elderly. The highest proportion of smear-negative pulmonary TB cases was among the elderly (40%). Unfavourable outcomes, mainly deaths, increased proportionately with age, and were highest among the elderly (adjusted relative risk 3.8, 95%CI 1.3-10.7). Having previous TB, being human immunodeficiency virus positive and not on antiretroviral treatment or cotrimoxazole preventive therapy were associated with an increased risk of unfavourable outcomes. Conclusion: The elderly had the worst outcomes among all the age groups. This may be related to immunosuppressant comorbidities or other age-related diseases mis-classified as TB, as a significant proportion were smear-negative. Older persons need better adapted TB management and more sensitive diagnostic tools, such as Xpert® MTB/RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Ncube
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Zimbabwe Country Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - K C Takarinda
- Centre for Operations Research, The Union, Paris, France.,AIDS and TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - C Zishiri
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Zimbabwe Country Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - W van den Boogaard
- Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - N Mlilo
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Zimbabwe Country Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - C Chiteve
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Zimbabwe Country Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - N Siziba
- AIDS and TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - F Trinchán
- Bulawayo City Health Department, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - C Sandy
- AIDS and TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
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122
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Marciani DJ. Effects of immunomodulators on the response induced by vaccines against autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:393-402. [PMID: 28906131 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1373766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A promising treatment for T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases is the induction of immune tolerance by modulating the immune response against self-antigens, an objective that may be achieved by vaccination. There are two main types of vaccines currently under development. The tolerogenic vaccines, composed of proteins formed by a cytokine fused to a self-antigen, which usually induce tolerance by eliminating the T-cells that are immune reactive against the self-antigen. The immunogenic vaccines, comprised of a self-antigen plus a sole Th2 adjuvant either free or conjugated, that alleviate autoimmunity by switching the immune response against the self-antigen, from a damaging pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 to an anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity. Another type of vaccines is the DNA vaccines, where cells transiently express the self-antigen encoded by DNA, which induces a Th2 immunity. Actually, DNA vaccines can benefit from the presence of an adjuvant that elicits a systemic sole Th2 immunity to enhance the initially weak immune response characteristic of these vaccines. While in the tolerogenic vaccines, cytokines are the endogenous immunomodulators, in the immunogenic vaccines, the adjuvants are exogenous agents that elicit Th2 immunity with a production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies against the self-antigen. Because the commonly used Th2 adjuvant alum, fails to induce an effective immunity in the elderly population, it is unlikely that it would be widely used. Another Th2 adjuvant, the oil/water emulsions mixed with the antigen, while effective in vaccines against infectious agents, due to potential aldehydes in their formulation may be not suitable for autoimmune vaccines. A unique compound is glatiramer, which seems to be both a random polypeptide antigen and an immune modulator that biases the response to Th2 immunity. Its mechanism of action seems to implicate binding to MHC-II, which alters the outcome of T-cell signaling, leading to anergy. Glatiramer, while effective in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has not shown efficacy in other autoimmune diseases. An important new group of promising sole Th2 adjuvants are the fucosylated glycans, which by binding to DC-SIGN bias dendritic cells to Th2 immunity while inhibiting Th1/Th7 immunities. These glycans are similar to those produced by parasitic helminths to prevent inflammatory responses by mammalian hosts. A novel group of sole Th2 adjuvants are some plant-derived fucosylated triterpene glycosides, which share the immune modulatory properties from the fucosylated glycans. These glycosides have also an aldehyde group that delivers an alternative co-stimulatory signal to T-cells, averting the anergy associated with aging due to the loss of the CD28 receptor on T-cells. Hence, the development of vaccines to treat and/or prevent autoimmune conditions and some proteopathies, will significantly benefit from the availability of new sole Th2 adjuvants that while inducing an anti-inflammatory immunity, they do not abrogate pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunities.
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Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological Aging: Links Among Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Diabetes, and Frailty. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:9-19. [PMID: 27927801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with progressive declines in physiological function that lead to overt chronic disease, frailty, and eventual mortality. Importantly, age-related physiological changes occur in cellularity, insulin-responsiveness, secretory profiles, and inflammatory status of adipose tissue, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Although the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction are multifactorial, the consequences result in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immune cell infiltration, an accumulation of senescent cells, and an increase in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These processes synergistically promote chronic sterile inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid redistribution away from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Without intervention, these effects contribute to age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction, physical limitations, and frailty. Thus adipose tissue dysfunction may be a fundamental contributor to the elevated risk of chronic disease, disability, and adverse health outcomes with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Impact of aging immune system on neurodegeneration and potential immunotherapies. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:2-28. [PMID: 28782588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the nervous and immune systems during aging is an area of avid interest, but many aspects remain unclear. This is due, not only to the complexity of the aging process, but also to a mutual dependency and reciprocal causation of alterations and diseases between both the nervous and immune systems. Aging of the brain drives whole body systemic aging, including aging-related changes of the immune system. In turn, the immune system aging, particularly immunosenescence and T cell aging initiated by thymic involution that are sources of chronic inflammation in the elderly (termed inflammaging), potentially induces brain aging and memory loss in a reciprocal manner. Therefore, immunotherapeutics including modulation of inflammation, vaccination, cellular immune therapies and "protective autoimmunity" provide promising approaches to rejuvenate neuroinflammatory disorders and repair brain injury. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries linking the aging immune system with the development of neurodegeneration. Additionally, we discuss potential rejuvenation strategies, focusing aimed at targeting the aging immune system in an effort to prevent acute brain injury and chronic neurodegeneration during aging.
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Jackaman C, Tomay F, Duong L, Abdol Razak NB, Pixley FJ, Metharom P, Nelson DJ. Aging and cancer: The role of macrophages and neutrophils. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:105-116. [PMID: 28390891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immune function has been implicated in the declining health and higher incidence of cancer in the elderly. However, age-related changes to immunity are not completely understood. Neutrophils and macrophages represent the first line of defence yet their ability to phagocytose pathogens decrease with aging. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are critical in eliminating tumors, but T cell function is also compromised with aging. T cell responses can be regulated by macrophages and may depend on the functional phenotype macrophages adopt in response to microenvironmental signals. This can range from pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic M1 to anti-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. Macrophages in healthy elderly adipose and hepatic tissue exhibit a more pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype compared to young hosts whilst immunosuppressive M2 macrophages increase in elderly lymphoid tissues, lung and muscle. These M2-like macrophages demonstrate altered responses to stimuli. Recent studies suggest that neutrophils also regulate T cell function and, like macrophages, neutrophil function is modulated with aging. It is possible that age-modified tissue-specific macrophages and neutrophils contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with dysregulated macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, which together are responsible for development of multiple pathologies, including cancer. This review discusses recent advances in macrophage and neutrophil biology in healthy aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jackaman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Lelinh Duong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Bintu Abdol Razak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE, Waterfall CM, Coghill JA, Cerajewska TL, Davies M, West NX, Allen SJ. 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:195. [PMID: 28676754 PMCID: PMC5476743 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), involving accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, is associated with evident neuroinflammation. This is now seen to be a significant contributor to pathology. Recently the tenet of the privileged status of the brain, regarding microbial compromise, has been questioned, particularly in terms of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now being considered that microbiological incursion into the central nervous system could be either an initiator or significant contributor to these. This is a novel study using 16S ribosomal gene-specific Next generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted brain tissue. A comparison was made of the bacterial species content of both frozen and formaldehyde fixed sections of a small cohort of Alzheimer-affected cases with those of cognitively unimpaired (normal). Our findings suggest an increase in bacterial populations in Alzheimer brain tissue compared with normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Emery
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom E. Batstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christy M. Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Coghill
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Davies
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
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Yılmaz S, Çiğdem B, Gökçe ŞF, Ceyhan-Doğan S, Balaban H. Severity and frequency of restless legs syndrome in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1340-1346. [PMID: 28606022 PMCID: PMC5625534 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517704789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory motor disorder. RLS an urge to move the extremities that may be accompanied by dysesthesias, and significantly affects quality of life of affected patients. The frequency of RLS is higher in different systemic inflammatory diseases. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited inflammatory disease characterized by attacks of polyserositis, arthritis, and fever. The prevalence of RLS in patients with FMF is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of RLS in a sample of patients with FMF and compare this prevalence with that of a matched normal population. Method: A total of 60 patients with FMF and 60 healthy controls were studied. All participants underwent a neurological examination. Diagnostic criteria as proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) were used to define RLS. The IRLSSG rating scale for the severity of RLS was applied to determine the severity of symptoms. Results: The prevalence of RLS was not significantly different between patients and controls. Although the mean International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLSRS) scores tended to be higher in patients compared with controls, this difference was not significant. When each item of the severity scale was compared between the two groups, significantly higher scores were found in some items of the IRLSRS in patients with FMF compared with controls. Conclusion: According to this result, RLS symptoms in patients with FMF were more frequent and lasted longer than those in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Yılmaz
- 1 Department of Neurology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Burhanettin Çiğdem
- 1 Department of Neurology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Figül Gökçe
- 1 Department of Neurology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sevil Ceyhan-Doğan
- 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hatice Balaban
- 1 Department of Neurology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
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Brief Report: Soluble CD163 in CMV-Infected and CMV-Uninfected Subjects on Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy in the ICONA Cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:347-352. [PMID: 27828874 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To contribute to the understanding of the role played by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in sustaining monocyte/macrophage-mediated immune activation in antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-infected subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS We selected 23 CMV-uninfected and 46 CMV-infected HIV+ subjects, matched for age, CD4 nadir, HIV infection duration, and viral hepatitis serostatus. All subjects were on successful antiretroviral therapy since at least 1 year. A group of 16 healthy donors with similar age and sex was also included. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, sCD163, sCD14, and CMV immunoglobulin G levels were measured in duplicate with human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS We found significantly higher sCD163 plasma levels in HIV+CMV+ compared with HIV+CMV- subjects and healthy donors. This augmentation was confirmed also when subjects positive for hepatitis C virus-Ab were excluded from analysis. Interestingly, a correlation between anti-CMV immunoglobulin G levels and sCD163, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and sCD14 in HIV+CMV+ subjects was found. CONCLUSIONS CMV coinfection could be a major driver of monocyte/macrophage activation in virally suppressed HIV+ individuals and might explain the increased risk of non-AIDS morbidity/mortality in HIV/CMV-coinfected subjects.
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129
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Rosenberg N, Daviglus ML, DeVon HA, Park CG, Eldeirawi K. Systemic Inflammation and Viral Exposure among Young Mexican American Women: Nativity-Related Differences. Ethn Dis 2017; 27:133-142. [PMID: 28439184 DOI: 10.18865/ed.27.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors contributing to elevated inflammation in racial/ethnic minority populations are not well understood. We examined the association of viral exposure with C-reactive protein (CRP) in young Mexican American women. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants (N=1,141) were currently non-pregnant women of Mexican background, aged 18-39 years, from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. Viral exposure was defined as seropositive status for hepatitis B, and herpes simplex types 1 and 2, and classified as seronegative, seropositive for any one agent, and seropositive for 2 or 3 agents. The association of viral exposure with elevated CRP (3.01-10.00 mg/L) varied by country of birth (P=.001). Among Mexico-born women, those seropositive for 2 or 3 agents had 3.79 times (95% CI: 1.28-11.27) and those seropositive for any one agent 2.56 times (95% CI: 1.12-5.86) the odds of elevated CRP compared with seronegative women, after adjustment for age, country of birth, household density, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol. Among US-born women, the corresponding odds were OR: .32, 95% CI: .12-.86 and OR: .71, 95% CI .43-1.17. CONCLUSIONS In Mexico-born Mexican American women, viral exposure is associated with higher odds of elevated CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Rosenberg
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Holli A DeVon
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Chang Gi Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Nomura SJO, Robien K, Zota AR. Serum Folate, Vitamin B-12, Vitamin A, γ-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol, and Carotenoids Do Not Modify Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Leukocyte Telomere Length in the General US Adult Population. J Nutr 2017; 147:538-548. [PMID: 28275103 PMCID: PMC5368581 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of the aging process and is associated with the risk of chronic disease. Higher exposure to cadmium may be associated with shorter LTL, and adequate nutrient concentrations may be associated with longer LTL; however, the potential interaction between metals and nutrients on LTL has yet to be examined.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids were associated with LTL, and whether they modified the association between blood cadmium and LTL in the US NHANES (1999-2002).Methods: We evaluated cross-sectional associations between LTL and serum concentrations of vitamin A, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, folate, and vitamin B-12 (1999-2002; n = 7458) and α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and lycopene (2001-2002; n = 4018) in a nationally representative sample of US adults (≥20 y of age) with the use of multivariable linear regression. We further investigated whether vitamin and carotenoid concentrations modified associations between blood cadmium and LTL with models stratified by serum nutrient concentrations and the inclusion of an interaction term.Results: Blood cadmium was inversely associated with LTL (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/L = -3.74; 95% CI: -5.35, -2.10). Serum vitamin A was positively associated (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/L = 4.01; 95% CI: 0.26, 7.90) and γ-tocopherol was inversely associated (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/dL = -2.49; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.73) with LTL. Serum folate (P-trend = 0.06) and α-tocopherol (P-trend = 0.10) were marginally positively associated with LTL, whereas vitamin B-12 (P-trend = 0.78) was not associated with LTL. Serum carotenoids were generally positively associated with LTL. Serum vitamin and carotenoid concentrations did not modify blood cadmium and LTL associations (P-interaction > 0.10).Conclusions: Results from this cross-sectional study suggest that exposure to cadmium and certain nutrients may be associated with LTL in US adults, but the serum concentrations of the vitamins and carotenoids evaluated did not modify cross-sectional associations between cadmium exposure and LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah JO Nomura
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and
| | - Ami R Zota
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Lopez-Candales A, Hernández Burgos PM, Hernandez-Suarez DF, Harris D. Linking Chronic Inflammation with Cardiovascular Disease: From Normal Aging to the Metabolic Syndrome. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e341. [PMID: 28670620 PMCID: PMC5488800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical disorders including an unhealthy body habitus with a large waistline, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. It is known that these disorders not only increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the co-occurrence of all these risk factors known as the MetS is linked to pathways sharing common underlying mediators and mechanisms. Though insulin resistance has been considered as the root of the problem to explain the conglomerate of metabolic abnormalities within this syndrome; new evidence points to several pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and free fatty acid intermediates might play an even greater role in regulating a series of intracellular signaling pathways sustain as well as perpetuate the development of the MetS and its CVD complications. Since having a diagnosis of MetS confers not only a 5-fold increase in the risk of T2DM, but also a 2-fold risk of developing CVD over a period of 5 to 10 years; it is vital to better recognize the mechanisms by which the MetS is associated with such adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review to address (1) how inflammation modifies insulin sensitivity, (2) known factors believed to contribute to this process, and (3) new concepts of inflammatory markers in regulating the development of MetS and its individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lopez-Candales
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - David Harris
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
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Hashiguchi A, Hitachi K, Zhu W, Tian J, Tsuchida K, Komatsu S. Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.)) coat extract modulates macrophage functions to enhance antigen presentation: A proteomic study. J Proteomics 2017; 161:26-37. [PMID: 28373035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of mung bean is mainly attributed to antioxidant properties of flavonoids; however, the precise machinery for biological effect on animal cells remains uncertain. To understand the physiological change produced by mung bean consumption, proteomic and metabolomic techniques were used. In vitro assay confirmed the importance of synergistic interaction among multiple flavonoids by IL-6 expression. Proteomic analysis detected that the abundance of 190 proteins was changed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by treatment with coat extract. Pathway mapping revealed that a range of proteins were regulated including an interferon-responsive antiviral enzyme (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase), antigen processing factors (immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein and protein disulfide-isomerase), and proteins related to proteasomal degradation. Major histocompatibility complex pathway was activated. These results suggest that mung bean consumption enhances immune response toward a Th2-promoting polarization. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlighted the immunomodulation of RAW264.7 cells in response to treatment with mung bean seed coat extract, using gel-free proteomic technique. The mechanism of immunomodulation by mung bean has not been described until today except for a report which identified HMGB1 suppression as a pathway underlying the protective effect against sepsis. This study suggested that the mung bean is involved in the regulation of antigen processing and presentation, and thus shifts immune response from acute febrile illness to specific/systemic and long-lasting immunity to protect the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hashiguchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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Dutra MT, Gadelha AB, Nóbrega OT, Lima RM. Body Adiposity Index, but not Visceral Adiposity Index, Correlates with Inflammatory Markers in Sarcopenic Obese Elderly Women. Exp Aging Res 2017; 43:291-304. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2017.1298959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Halatek T, Stanislawska M, Kaminska I, Cieslak M, Swiercz R, Wasowicz W. The time-dependent health and biochemical effects in rats exposed to stainless steel welding dust and its soluble form. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:265-273. [PMID: 27901646 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Welding processes that generate fumes containing toxic metals, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), have been implicated in lung injury, inflammation, and lung tumor promotion in animal models. The principal objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of toxic effects of inhalation exposure to morphologically rated welding dust from stainless steel welding and its soluble form in TSE System with a dynamic airflow. We assessed the pulmonary toxicity of welding dust in Wistar rats exposed to 60.0 mg/m3 of respirable-size welding dust (mean diameter 1.17 µm) for 2 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week); the aerosols were generated in the nose-only exposure chambers (NOEC). An additional aim included the study of the effect of betaine supplementation on oxidative deterioration in rat lung during 2 weeks of exposure to welding dust or water-soluble dust form. The animals were divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group): control, dust, betaine, betaine + dust, soluble-form dust, soluble-form dust + betaine, saline and saline + betaine groups. Rats were euthanized 1 or 2 weeks after the last exposure for assessment of pulmonary toxicity. Differential cell counts, total protein concentrations and cellular enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase-LDH) activities were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and corticosterone and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations were assessed in serum. The increase in polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes in BAL fluid (a cytological index of inflammatory responses of the lung) is believed to reflect pulmonary toxicity of heavy metals. Biomarkers of toxicity assessed in bronchoalveolar fluids indicate that the level of the toxic effect depends mainly on the solubility of studied metal compounds; biomarkers that showed treatment effects included: total cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, total protein concentrations, and cellular enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase) activity. Betaine supplementation at 250 mg/kg/day in all study rats groups attenuated stress indices, and corticosterone and TBARS serum levels, and simultaneously stimulated increase of polymorphonuclear cells in BALF of rats. The study confirmed deleterious effect of transitory metals and particles during experimental inhalation exposure to welding dusts, evidenced in the lungs and brain by increased levels of total protein, higher cellular influx, rise of LDH in BALF, elevated TBARS and increased corticosterone in serum of rats. Our result confirm also the hypothesis about the effect of the welding dusts on the oxidative stress responsible for disturbed systemic homeostasis and impairment of calcium regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Halatek
- a Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Magdalena Stanislawska
- a Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Irena Kaminska
- b Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles , Textile Research Institute , Lodz , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Cieslak
- b Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles , Textile Research Institute , Lodz , Poland
| | - Radoslaw Swiercz
- a Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- a Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
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Shao MJ, Zhu YJ, Qiu YE, Hu M, He YQ. Changes in the Level of Immunoglobulins and CD4/CD8 Ratio in Young and Aged Mice with Estradiol Deficiency. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:305-313. [PMID: 28332870 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1267203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrated that deficiency in 17β-estradiol (E2) in postmenopausal women influences their immune system. However, few studies have reported alterations in immunologic presentation during nonnatural menopause in young females. Here we compared the differences in immune response between young C57BL/6N mice with surgical or medical variectomy and aged C57BL/6N mice with the common feature of E2 deficiency following Con A stimulation. We observed inverted CD4/CD8 ratios in the aged group and apparent reduced production of serum immunoglobin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM in the surgical group, whereas changes in immune parameters in the medical group were moderate. These data suggested that the immunological response to Con A stimulus differed among the three groups and that E2 deficiency was only partially responsible for the development of immune deficiency in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Shao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Er Qiu
- b Jinhua Drug Checking Institute , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qin He
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
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136
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Simple and complex retinal dystrophies are associated with profoundly different disease networks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41835. [PMID: 28139756 PMCID: PMC5282568 DOI: 10.1038/srep41835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathies are a group of monogenetic or complex retinal diseases associated with high unmet medical need. Monogenic disorders are caused by rare genetic variation and usually arise early in life. Other diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), develop late in life and are considered to be of complex origin as they develop from a combination of genetic, ageing, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Here, we contrast the underlying disease networks and pathological mechanisms of monogenic as opposed to complex retinopathies, using AMD as an example of the latter. We show that, surprisingly, genes associated with the different forms of retinopathies in general do not overlap despite their overlapping retinal phenotypes. Further, AMD risk genes participate in multiple networks with interaction partners that link to different ubiquitous pathways affecting general tissue integrity and homeostasis. Thus AMD most likely represents an endophenotype with differing underlying pathogenesis in different subjects. Localising these pathomechanisms and processes within and across different retinal anatomical compartments provides a novel representation of AMD that may be extended to complex disease in general. This approach may generate improved treatment options that target multiple processes with the aim of restoring tissue homeostasis and maintaining vision.
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137
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Bioactive Nutrients and Nutrigenomics in Age-Related Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010105. [PMID: 28075340 PMCID: PMC6155887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased life expectancy and the expansion of the elderly population are stimulating research into aging. Aging may be viewed as a multifactorial process that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which include lifestyle. Human molecular processes are influenced by physiological pathways as well as exogenous factors, which include the diet. Dietary components have substantive effects on metabolic health; for instance, bioactive molecules capable of selectively modulating specific metabolic pathways affect the development/progression of cardiovascular and neoplastic disease. As bioactive nutrients are increasingly identified, their clinical and molecular chemopreventive effects are being characterized and systematic analyses encompassing the "omics" technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) are being conducted to explore their action. The evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology has unique strength to investigate the effects of dietary and lifestyle exposure on clinical outcomes. The mounting body of knowledge regarding diet-related health status and disease risk is expected to lead in the near future to the development of improved diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies targeting processes relevant to nutrition. The state of the art of aging and nutrigenomics research and the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive nutrients on the main aging-related disorders are reviewed herein.
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138
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The role of oxidative and inflammatory stress and persistent viral infections in immunosenescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 158:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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139
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Schmidt MF, Freeman KB, Windham BG, Griswold ME, Kullo IJ, Turner ST, Mosley TH. Associations Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Hippocampal Volume in a Community Sample. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:1823-9. [PMID: 27549073 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify associations between inflammatory biomarkers and hippocampal volume (HV) and to examine effect modification according to sex, race, and age. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses using generalized estimating equations to account for familial clustering; standardized β-coefficients adjusted for age, sex, race, and education. SETTING Community cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi and Rochester, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study. MEASUREMENTS C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 (sTNFR-1) and 2 (sTNFR-2) from peripheral blood were measured in a sample of 773 non-Hispanic whites (61% women, aged 60.2 ± 9.8) and 514 African Americans (70% women, aged 63.9 ± 8.1) who also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Biomarkers were standardized and compared according to sex, race and age with HV. RESULTS In the full sample, higher sTNFR-1 and sTNFR-2 were associated with smaller HV. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in sTNFR-1 was associated with 59.1 mm(3) (95% confidence interval (CI) = -101.4 to -16.7 mm(3) ) smaller HV and each SD increase in sTNFR-2 associated with 48.8 mm(3) (95% CI = -92.2 to -5.3 mm(3) ) smaller HV. Relationships were stronger for sTNFR-2 in men (HV = -116.6 mm(3) for each SD increase, 95% CI = -201.0 to -32.1) than women (HV = -26.0 per SD increase, 95% CI = -72.4-20.5) and sTNFR-1 in non-Hispanic whites (HV = -84.7 mm(3) per SD increase, 95% CI = -142.2 to -27.1) than African Americans (HV = -14.1 mm(3) per SD increase, 95% CI = -78.3-50.1). Associations between IL-6 or CRP and HV were not supported. CONCLUSION Higher levels of sTNFRs were associated cross-sectionally with smaller hippocampi. Longitudinal data are needed to determine whether these biomarkers may help to identify risk of late-life cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Schmidt
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kevin B Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Beverly G Windham
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
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140
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Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Karin M. Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity: A Troika Governing Cancer and Its Treatment. Cell 2016; 166:288-298. [PMID: 27419869 PMCID: PMC4947210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular waste disposal process, has well-established tumor-suppressive properties. New studies indicate that, in addition to its cell-autonomous anti-tumorigenic functions, autophagy inhibits cancer development by orchestrating inflammation and immunity. While attenuating tumor-promoting inflammation, autophagy enhances the processing and presentation of tumor antigens and thereby stimulates anti-tumor immunity. Although cancer cells can escape immunosurveillance by tuning down autophagy, certain chemotherapeutic agents with immunogenic properties may enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing autophagic cell death. Understanding the intricate and complex relationships within this troika and how they are affected by autophagy enhancing drugs should improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhong
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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141
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Abstract
The thymus develops from an endocrine area of the foregut, and retains the ancient potencies of this region. However, later it is populated by bone marrow originated lymphatic elements and forms a combined organ, which is a central part of the immune system as well as an influential element of the endocrine orchestra. Thymus produces self-hormones (thymulin, thymosin, thymopentin, and thymus humoral factor), which are participating in the regulation of immune cell transformation and selection, and also synthesizes hormones similar to that of the other endocrine glands such as melatonin, neuropeptides, and insulin, which are transported by the immune cells to the sites of requests (packed transport). Thymic (epithelial and immune) cells also have receptors for hormones which regulate them. This combined organ, which is continuously changing from birth to senescence seems to be a pacemaker of life. This function is basically regulated by the selection of self-responsive thymocytes as their complete destruction helps the development (up to puberty) and their gradual release in case of weakened control (after puberty) causes the erosion of cells and intercellular material, named aging. This means that during aging, self-destructive and non-protective immune activities are manifested under the guidance of the involuting thymus, causing the continuous irritation of cells and organs. Possibly the pineal body is the main regulator of the pacemaker, the neonatal removal of which results in atrophy of thymus and wasting disease and its later corrosion causes the insufficiency of thymus. The co-involution of pineal and thymus could determine the aging and the time of death without external intervention; however, external factors can negatively influence both of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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142
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Wang ZX, Wan Y, Tan L, Liu J, Wang HF, Sun FR, Tan MS, Tan CC, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. Genetic Association of HLA Gene Variants with MRI Brain Structure in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3195-3204. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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143
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Tran JR, Chen H, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Lamin in inflammation and aging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:124-130. [PMID: 27023494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue function and an increased susceptibility to injury and disease. Many age-associated pathologies manifest an inflammatory component, and this has led to the speculation that aging is at least in part caused by some form of inflammation. However, whether or not inflammation is truly a cause of aging, or is a consequence of the aging process is unknown. Recent work using Drosophila has uncovered a mechanism where the progressive loss of lamin-B in the fat body upon aging triggers systemic inflammation. This inflammatory response perturbs the local immune response of the neighboring gut tissue and leads to hyperplasia. Here, we will discuss the literature connecting lamins to aging and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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144
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Plumel MI, Benhaim-Delarbre M, Rompais M, Thiersé D, Sorci G, van Dorsselaer A, Criscuolo F, Bertile F. Differential proteomics reveals age-dependent liver oxidative costs of innate immune activation in mice. J Proteomics 2016; 135:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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145
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Zhong Z, Umemura A, Sanchez-Lopez E, Liang S, Shalapour S, Wong J, He F, Boassa D, Perkins G, Ali SR, McGeough MD, Ellisman MH, Seki E, Gustafsson AB, Hoffman HM, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Karin M. NF-κB Restricts Inflammasome Activation via Elimination of Damaged Mitochondria. Cell 2016; 164:896-910. [PMID: 26919428 PMCID: PMC4769378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a key activator of inflammation, primes the NLRP3-inflammasome for activation by inducing pro-IL-1β and NLRP3 expression. NF-κB, however, also prevents excessive inflammation and restrains NLRP3-inflammasome activation through a poorly defined mechanism. We now show that NF-κB exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inducing delayed accumulation of the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1. External NLRP3-activating stimuli trigger a form of mitochondrial (mt) damage that is caspase-1- and NLRP3-independent and causes release of direct NLRP3-inflammasome activators, including mtDNA and mtROS. Damaged mitochondria undergo Parkin-dependent ubiquitin conjugation and are specifically recognized by p62, which induces their mitophagic clearance. Macrophage-specific p62 ablation causes pronounced accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive IL-1β-dependent inflammation, enhancing macrophage death. Therefore, the "NF-κB-p62-mitophagy" pathway is a macrophage-intrinsic regulatory loop through which NF-κB restrains its own inflammation-promoting activity and orchestrates a self-limiting host response that maintains homeostasis and favors tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhong
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerry Wong
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Feng He
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Syed Raza Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew D McGeough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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146
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress may contribute to chronic activation of acute-phase inflammation. The current study investigated how financial stressors influence psychosocial functioning and inflammation. This study examined a) the direct relations between financial stress and inflammation; b) whether the relationships between financial stress and inflammation are mediated in part by negative interpersonal events, psychological distress, and psychological well-being; and c) whether social standing in one's community moderates the relations between financial stress and psychological distress, psychological well-being, and markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and C-reactive protein). METHODS Stressful financial and interpersonal events over the previous year, perceived social status, indices of psychological well-being and distress, and levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein were assessed in a community sample of 680 middle-aged adults (ages 40-65 years). RESULTS Structural equation modeling analyses revealed significant relations among financial stress, interpersonal stress, and psychological distress and well-being, and complex relationships between these variables and inflammatory markers. Psychological well-being mediated the association between financial stress and IL-6 ([mediation] ab = 0.012, standard error [SE] = 0.006, p = .048). Furthermore, individuals with higher perceived social standing within their communities exhibited a stronger relation between negative financial events and both interpersonal stressors (interaction B = 0.067, SE = 0.017, p < .001) and C-reactive protein (interaction B = 0.051, SE = 0.026, p = .050). CONCLUSIONS Financial stress demonstrates complex relations with inflammation, due partly to psychological well-being and social perceptions. Findings are discussed with regard to the social context of stress and physiological factors pertinent to stress adaptation and inflammation.
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147
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Mechanistic similarities between trauma, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory processes. J Crit Care 2015; 30:1344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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148
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Sørensen KK, Simon‐Santamaria J, McCuskey RS, Smedsrød B. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1751-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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149
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Dutra MT, Avelar BP, Souza VC, Bottaro M, Oliveira RJ, Nóbrega OT, Moreno Lima R. Relationship between sarcopenic obesity-related phenotypes and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:205-210. [PMID: 26373437 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition that may result in sarcopenic obesity (SO). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are important inflammatory markers related to ageing. SO has been examined as an important public health problem, but its association with inflammatory markers has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SO-related phenotypes and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. A total of 130 women (66·7 ± 5·2 years) underwent body composition evaluation using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Volunteers were classified according to a SO definition previously described in the literature. Waist circumference (WC) and handgrip strength (HG) were also measured. Blood samples were collected for CRP, tumour necrosis factor and IL-6 measurements. All the inflammatory markers were higher in SO individuals when compared to non-SO; however, only IL-6 reached statistical significance (median 3·34 versus 1·37 pg ml-1 ; P<0·05). Also, CRP was significantly correlated (P<0·01) with body mass index (rs = 0·34), fat mass (FM; rs = 0·25) and WC (rs = 0·33). Similarly, IL-6 levels were significantly correlated (P<0·05) to age (rs = 0·19), FM (rs = 0·19) and WC (rs = 0·17). HG was found to be significantly reduced among subjects with higher IL-6 levels (P = 0·02). In summary, the combination of reduced muscle mass and excess body fat (i.e. SO) is associated with elevated inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. Moreover, CRP and IL-6 are associated with SO-related phenotypes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurílio Tiradentes Dutra
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,Technical School of Health of Planaltina, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira Avelar
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jacó Oliveira
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Moreno Lima
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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150
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Khan I, Prakash A, Agashe D. Immunosenescence and the ability to survive bacterial infection in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:291-301. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imroze Khan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bangalore India
| | - Arun Prakash
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bangalore India
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bangalore India
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