101
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Ben-Betzalel G, Steinberg-Silman Y, Stoff R, Asher N, Shapira-Frommer R, Schachter J, Markel G. Immunotherapy comes of age in octagenarian and nonagenarian metastatic melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2019; 108:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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102
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Improving T-cell expansion and function for adoptive T-cell therapy using ex vivo treatment with PI3Kδ inhibitors and VIP antagonists. Blood Adv 2019; 2:210-223. [PMID: 29386194 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapy with ex vivo-expanded genetically modified antigen-specific T cells can induce remissions in patients with relapsed/refractory cancer. The clinical success of this therapy depends upon efficient transduction and expansion of T cells ex vivo and their homing, persistence and cytotoxicity following reinfusion. Lower rates of ex vivo expansion and clinical response using anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been seen in heavily pretreated lymphoma patients compared with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and motivate the development of novel strategies to enhance ex vivo T cell expansion and their persistence in vivo. We demonstrate that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) and antagonism of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling partially inhibits the terminal differentiation of T cells during anti-CD3/CD28 bead-mediated expansion (mean, 54.4% CD27+CD28+ T cells vs 27.4% in control cultures; P < .05). This strategy results in a mean of 83.7% more T cells cultured from lymphoma patients in the presence of PI3Kδ and VIP antagonists, increased survival of human T cells from a lymphoma patient in a murine xenograft model, enhanced cytotoxic activity of antigen-specific human CAR T cells and murine T cells against lymphoma, and increased transduction and expansion of anti-CD5 human CAR T cells. PI3Kδ and VIP antagonist-expanded T cells from lymphoma patients show reduced terminal differentiation, enhanced polyfunctional cytokine expression, and preservation of costimulatory molecule expression. Taken together, synergistic blockade of these pathways is an attractive strategy to enhance the expansion and functional capacity of ex vivo-expanded cancer-specific T cells.
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103
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Funk CR, Petersen CT, Jagirdar N, Ravindranathan S, Jaye DL, Flowers CR, Langston A, Waller EK. Oligoclonal T Cells Transiently Expand and Express Tim-3 and PD-1 Following Anti-CD19 CAR T Cell Therapy: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124118. [PMID: 30572564 PMCID: PMC6320786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematologic malignancy associate remissions with two profiles of CAR T cell proliferation kinetics, which differ based upon costimulatory domain. Additional T cell intrinsic factors that influence or predict clinical response remain unclear. To address this gap, we report the case of a 68-year-old woman with refractory/relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), treated with tisagenlecleucel (anti-CD19), with a CD137 costimulatory domain (4-1BB) on an investigational new drug application (#16944). For two months post-infusion, the patient experienced dramatic regression of subcutaneous nodules of DLBCL. Unfortunately, her CAR T exhibited kinetics unassociated with remission, and she died of DLBCL-related sequelae. Serial phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood alongside sequencing of the β-peptide variable region of the T cell receptor (TCRβ) revealed distinct waves of oligoclonal T cell expansion with dynamic expression of immune checkpoint molecules. One week prior to CAR T cell contraction, T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) exhibited peak expressions on both the CD8 T cell (Tim-3 ≈ 50%; PD-1 ≈ 17%) and CAR T cell subsets (Tim-3 ≈ 78%; PD-1 ≈ 40%). These correlative observations draw attention to Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling pathways in context of CAR T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Christopher T Petersen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Neera Jagirdar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Sruthi Ravindranathan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - David L Jaye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Amelia Langston
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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104
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Riemann D, Cwikowski M, Turzer S, Giese T, Grallert M, Schütte W, Seliger B. Blood immune cell biomarkers in lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:179-189. [PMID: 30246868 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of host immune cell parameters prior to treatment is expected to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome as well as to elucidate why some patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. We monitored blood immune cells from 58 patients with non-small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery of the primary tumor and from 50 age-matched healthy volunteers. Complete leukocyte blood count, the number of circulating dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DRlow monocytes and several lymphocytic subpopulations were determined by eight-color flow cytometry. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the immune cell parameters investigated was evaluated by patients' survival analysis. Compared to the control group, blood of NSCLC patients contained more neutrophils resulting in a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), but a lower number of blood DC, in particular of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), natural killer (NK) cells and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and HLA-DRlow monocytes was detected, and smoking had a significant impact on these values. HLA-DRlow monocytes were positively correlated to the number of neutrophils, monocytes and NLR, but negatively associated with the number of pDC and naive CD4+ T cells. The frequency of Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the ratios of CD4/HLA-DRlow monocytes and HLA-DRlow monocytes/pDC correlated with patient's overall survival. Next to Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive T cells represent prognostic markers for NSCLC patients and might be useful for monitoring of patients' responses to immunotherapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riemann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M Cwikowski
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - S Turzer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - M Grallert
- Department of Thorax Surgery of the Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - W Schütte
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - B Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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105
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Chiu YL, Shu KH, Yang FJ, Chou TY, Chen PM, Lay FY, Pan SY, Lin CJ, Litjens NHR, Betjes MGH, Bermudez S, Kao KC, Chia JS, Wang G, Peng YS, Chuang YF. A comprehensive characterization of aggravated aging-related changes in T lymphocytes and monocytes in end-stage renal disease: the iESRD study. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:27. [PMID: 30455721 PMCID: PMC6223078 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-018-0131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit a premature aging phenotype of the immune system. Nevertheless, the etiology and impact of these changes in ESRD patients remain unknown. Results Compared to healthy individuals, ESRD patients exhibit accelerated immunosenescence in both T cell and monocyte compartments, characterized by a dramatic reduction in naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers but increase in CD8+ TEMRA cell and proinflammatory monocyte numbers. Notably, within ESRD patients, aging-related immune changes positively correlated not only with increasing age but also with longer dialysis vintage. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, the combination of high terminally differentiated CD8+ T cell level and high intermediate monocyte level, as a composite predictive immunophenotype, was independently associated with prevalent coronary artery disease as well as cardiovascular disease, after adjustment for age, sex, systemic inflammation and presence of diabetes. Levels of terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells also positively correlated with the level of uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate. Conclusions Aging-associated adaptive and innate immune changes are aggravated in ESRD and are associated with cardiovascular diseases. For the first time, our study demonstrates the potential link between immunosenescence in ESRD and duration of exposure to the uremic milieu. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-018-0131-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Chiu
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan.,3Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Shu
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,4Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jung Yang
- 2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan.,5Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chou
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Min Chen
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yun Lay
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Pan
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- 6Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Selma Bermudez
- 8International Health Program, National Yang Ming University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- 4Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean-San Chia
- 4Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Wang
- 9Biology of Healthy Aging Program, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yu-Sen Peng
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- 8International Health Program, National Yang Ming University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,10Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,11Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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106
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Duong L, Radley-Crabb HG, Gardner JK, Tomay F, Dye DE, Grounds MD, Pixley FJ, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Macrophage Depletion in Elderly Mice Improves Response to Tumor Immunotherapy, Increases Anti-tumor T Cell Activity and Reduces Treatment-Induced Cachexia. Front Genet 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 30459812 PMCID: PMC6232269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers emerge in the elderly, including lung cancer and mesothelioma, yet the elderly remain an underrepresented population in pre-clinical cancer studies and clinical trials. The immune system plays a critical role in the effectiveness of many anti-cancer therapies in young hosts via tumor-specific T cells. However, immunosuppressive macrophages can constitute up to 50% of the tumor burden and impair anti-tumor T cell activity. Altered macrophage phenotype and function during aging may further impact anti-tumor T cell responses. Yet, the impact of macrophages on anti-tumor T cell responses and immunotherapy in the elderly is unknown. Therefore, we examined macrophages and their interaction with T cells in young (3 months) and elderly (20-24 months) AE17 mesothelioma-bearing female C57BL/6J mice during tumor growth. Mesothelioma tumors grew faster in elderly compared with young mice, and this corresponded with an increase in tumor-associated macrophages. During healthy aging, macrophages increase in bone marrow and spleens suggesting that these sites have an increased potential to supply cancer-promoting macrophages. Interestingly, in tumor-bearing mice, bone marrow macrophages increased proliferation whilst splenic macrophages had reduced proliferation in elderly compared with young mice, and macrophage depletion using the F4/80 antibody slowed tumor growth in young and elderly mice. We also examined responses to treatment with intra-tumoral IL-2/anti-CD40 antibody immunotherapy and found it was less effective in elderly (38% tumor regression) compared to young mice (90% regression). Tumor-bearing elderly mice decreased in vivo anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell activity in tumor draining lymph nodes and spleens. Depletion of macrophages using F4/80 antibody in elderly, but not young mice, improved IL-2/anti-CD40 immunotherapy up to 78% tumor regression. Macrophage depletion also increased in vivo anti-tumor T cell activity in elderly, but not young mice. All the tumor-bearing elderly (but not young) mice had decreased body weight (i.e., exhibited cachexia), which was greatly exacerbated by immunotherapy; whereas macrophage depletion prevented this immunotherapy-induced cachexia. These studies strongly indicate that age-related changes in macrophages play a key role in driving cancer cachexia in the elderly, particularly during immunotherapy, and sabotage elderly anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelinh Duong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne K Gardner
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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107
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Zhao B, Zhao H, Zhao J. Impact of clinicopathological characteristics on survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:169-177. [PMID: 30121946 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Hong Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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108
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Horna P, Moscinski LC, Sokol L, Shao H. Naïve/memory T-cell phenotypes in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Putative cell of origin overlaps disease classification. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 96:234-241. [PMID: 30328260 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS) are clinically distinct cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with strikingly similar morphologic and phenotypic features. Prior studies have suggested phenotypic differences based on markers of antigen experience, suggesting a different cell of origin. METHODS Seventy-nine involved peripheral blood or bone marrow samples from 33 patients with SS and 19 patients with MF were studied by 10-color flow cytometry, including CD62L, CD45RA, CCR4, and PD-1. Gated tumor events were classified as naïve (TN ), central memory (TCM ), effector memory (TEM ), or effector memory with reacquired CD45RA (TEMRA ); based on CD62L+ /CD45RA+ , CD62L+ /CD45RA- , CD62L- /CD45RA- , or CD62L- /CD45RA+ phenotype, respectively. Sequential specimens were compared to assess for phenotypic stability. RESULTS The naïve/memory phenotype of the neoplastic T-cells was markedly heterogeneous, with a dominant TN , TCM , TEM , or TEMRA subset on 11 (14%), 32 (41%), 30 (38%), and 6 (8%) cases, respectively. There was no correlation between the diagnosis of MF or SS and putative cell of origin (P = 0.4). Overexpression of CCR4 and PD1 was observed in most cases, with higher intensity in SS compared to MF. The naïve/memory phenotype remained the same for 10 patients up to 273 days after the initial analysis; while on six patients, the naïve/memory phenotype was different from the original phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Both SS and MF can have phenotypic features of any of the major naïve/memory T-cell subsets, which questions the current principle of "cell-of-origin" distinction between SS and MF. Phenotypic shifts within these subsets are common, suggesting a functional state rather than a cell-of-origin surrogate. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Horna
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lynn C Moscinski
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Haipeng Shao
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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109
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Withers SS, Moore PF, Chang H, Choi JW, McSorley SJ, Kent MS, Monjazeb AM, Canter RJ, Murphy WJ, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB. Multi-color flow cytometry for evaluating age-related changes in memory lymphocyte subsets in dogs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:64-74. [PMID: 29859828 PMCID: PMC6197816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While dogs are increasingly being utilized as large-animal models of disease, important features of age-related immunosenescence in the dog have yet to be evaluated due to the lack of defined naïve vs. memory T lymphocyte phenotypes. We therefore performed multi-color flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and aged beagles, and determined the differential cytokine production by proposed memory subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in aged dogs displayed increased cytokine production, and decreased proliferative capacity. Antibodies targeting CD45RA and CD62L, but less so CD28 or CD44, defined canine cells that consistently exhibited properties of naïve-, central memory-, effector memory-, and terminal effector-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. Older dogs demonstrated decreased frequencies of naïve-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and an increased frequency of terminal effector-like CD8+ T lymphocytes. Overall findings revealed that aged dogs displayed features of immunosenescence similar to those reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S Withers
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Chang
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin W Choi
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95716, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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110
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Link-Rachner CS, Eugster A, Rücker-Braun E, Heidenreich F, Oelschlägel U, Dahl A, Klesse C, Kuhn M, Middeke JM, Bornhäuser M, Bonifacio E, Schetelig J. T-cell receptor-α repertoire of CD8+ T cells following allogeneic stem cell transplantation using next-generation sequencing. Haematologica 2018; 104:622-631. [PMID: 30262565 PMCID: PMC6395323 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.199802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloreactivity or opportunistic infections following allogeneic stem cell transplantation are difficult to predict and contribute to post-transplantation mortality. How these immune reactions result in changes to the T-cell receptor repertoire remains largely unknown. Using next-generation sequencing, the T-cell receptor alpha (TRα) repertoire of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells from 25 patients who had received different forms of allogeneic transplantation was analyzed. In parallel, reconstitution of the CD8+/CD4+ T-cell subsets was mapped using flow cytometry. When comparing the influence of anti-T-cell therapy, a delay in the reconstitution of the naïve CD8+ T-cell repertoire was observed in patients who received in vivo T-cell depletion using antithymocyte globulin or post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in case of haploidentical transplantation. Sequencing of the TRα identified a repertoire consisting of more dominant clonotypes (>1% of reads) in these patients at 6 and 18 months post transplantation. When comparing donor and recipient, approximately 50% and approximately 80% of the donors’ memory repertoire were later retrieved in the naïve and memory CD8+ T-cell receptor repertoire of the recipients, respectively. Although there was a remarkable expansion of single clones observed in the recipients’ memory CD8+ TRα repertoire, no clear association between graft-versus-host disease or cytomegalovirus infection and T-cell receptor diversity was identified. A lower TRα diversity was observed in recipients of a cytomegalovirus-seropositive donor (P=0.014). These findings suggest that CD8+ T-cell reconstitution in transplanted patients is influenced by the use of T-cell depletion or immunosuppression and the donor repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S Link-Rachner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden .,DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden
| | - Anne Eugster
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden
| | - Elke Rücker-Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Falk Heidenreich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden.,DKMS Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden.,BIOTEChnology Center, TU Dresden
| | | | - Matthias Kuhn
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Biometrie (IMB), Medizinische Fakultät der TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden.,DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden.,DKMS Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden
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111
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Schaenman JM, Rossetti M, Sidwell T, Groysberg V, Sunga G, Korin Y, Liang E, Zhou X, Abdalla B, Lum E, Bunnapradist S, Pham T, Danovitch G, Reed EF. Increased T cell immunosenescence and accelerated maturation phenotypes in older kidney transplant recipients. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:659-667. [PMID: 29913200 PMCID: PMC6429965 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Older kidney transplant recipients experience increased rates of infection and death, and less rejection, compared with younger patients. However, little is known about immune dysfunction in older compared with younger kidney transplant recipients and whether it is associated with infection. We evaluated T cell phenotypes including maturation, immune senescence, and exhaustion in a novel investigation into differences in older compared with younger patients receiving identical immune suppression regimens. We evaluated PBMC from 60 kidney transplant recipients (23 older and 37 matched younger patients) by multiparameter immune phenotyping. Older kidney transplant recipients demonstrated decreased frequency of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increased frequency of terminally differentiated, immune senescent, and NK T cells expressing KLRG1. There was a trend towards increased frequency of T cell immune senescence in patients experiencing infection in the first year after transplantation, which reached statistical significance in a multivariate analysis. This pilot study reveals immune dysfunction in older compared with younger transplant recipients, and suggests a likely mechanism for increased vulnerability to infection. The ability to assess T cell maturation and immune senescence in transplant recipients offers the potential for risk stratification and customization of immune suppression to prevent infection and rejection after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Schaenman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - M Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T Sidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - V Groysberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - G Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Y Korin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - E Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - B Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - E Lum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - S Bunnapradist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - G Danovitch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - E F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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112
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Suzuki J, Yamada T, Inoue K, Nabe S, Kuwahara M, Takemori N, Takemori A, Matsuda S, Kanoh M, Imai Y, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. The tumor suppressor menin prevents effector CD8 T-cell dysfunction by targeting mTORC1-dependent metabolic activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3296. [PMID: 30120246 PMCID: PMC6098065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While menin plays an important role in preventing T-cell dysfunction, such as senescence and exhaustion, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We found that menin prevents the induction of dysfunction in activated CD8 T cells by restricting the cellular metabolism. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis are augmented by menin deficiency. Rapamycin treatment prevents CD8 T-cell dysfunction in menin-deficient CD8 T cells. Limited glutamine availability also prevents CD8 T-cell dysfunction induced by menin deficiency, and its inhibitory effect is antagonized by α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate metabolite of glutaminolysis. α-KG-dependent histone H3K27 demethylation seems to be involved in the dysfunction in menin-deficient CD8 T cells. We also found that α-KG activates mTORC1-dependent central carbon metabolism. These findings suggest that menin maintains the T-cell functions by limiting mTORC 1 activity and subsequent cellular metabolism. T cells can alter their metabolism during activation and differentiation. Here the authors show that the tumor suppressor menin regulates CD8 T-cell fate via the modulation of central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shogo Nabe
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Department of Proteo-Medicine, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ayako Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Department of Proteo-Medicine, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanoh
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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Ault R, Dwivedi V, Koivisto E, Nagy J, Miller K, Nagendran K, Chalana I, Pan X, Wang SH, Turner J. Altered monocyte phenotypes but not impaired peripheral T cell immunity may explain susceptibility of the elderly to develop tuberculosis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:35-44. [PMID: 29991459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading killer due to a single infectious disease worldwide. With the aging of the global population, the case rate and deaths due to TB are highest in the elderly population. While general immunosenescence associated with old age is thought to contribute to the susceptibility of the elderly to develop active TB disease, very few studies of immune function in elderly individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection or disease have been performed. In particular, impaired adaptive T cell immunity to M.tb is one proposed mechanism for the elderly's increased susceptibility primarily on the basis of the decreased delayed type hypersensitivity response to tuberculin-purified protein derivative in the skin of elderly individuals. To investigate immunological reasons why the elderly are susceptible to develop active TB disease, we performed a cross-sectional observational study over a five year period (2012-2016) enrolling participants from 2 age groups (adults: 25-44 years; elderly: 65 and older) and 3 M.tb infection statuses (active TB, latent TB infection, and healthy controls without history of M.tb infection). We hypothesized that impaired peripheral T cell immunity plays a role in the biological susceptibility of the elderly to TB. Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed no evidence of impaired M.tb specific T cell frequency or altered production of cytokines implicated in M.tb control (IFN-γ, IL-10) in peripheral blood in the elderly. Instead, we observed alterations in monocyte proportion and phenotype with age and M.tb infection that suggest their potential role in the susceptibility of the elderly to develop active TB. Our results suggest a potential link between the known widespread low-grade systemic inflammation of old age, termed "inflammaging," with the elderly's specific susceptibility to developing active TB. Moreover, our results highlight the need for further research into the biological reasons why the elderly are more susceptible to disease and death from TB, so that public health systems can be better equipped to face the present and future problem of TB in an aging global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Ault
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elisha Koivisto
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenna Nagy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karin Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kokila Nagendran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Indu Chalana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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114
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Alves AS, Ishimura ME, Duarte YADO, Bueno V. Parameters of the Immune System and Vitamin D Levels in Old Individuals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1122. [PMID: 29910802 PMCID: PMC5992391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The increased number of individuals older than 80 years, centenarians, and supercentenarians is not a synonym for healthy aging, since severe infections, hospitalization, and disability are frequently observed. In this context, a possible strategy is to preserve the main characteristics/functions of the immune system with the aim to cause less damage to the organism during the aging process. Vitamin D acts on bone marrow, brain, breast, malignant cells, and immune system and has been recommended as a supplement. We aimed to evaluate whether immune parameters and vitamin D serum levels are correlated. Methods We evaluated some features of the immune system using the peripheral blood of individuals older than 80 years (n = 12) compared to young subjects (n = 10). In addition, we correlated these findings with vitamin D serum levels. Results Old individuals presented metabolic parameters of healthy aging and maintained preserved some features of immunity such as CD4/CD8 ratio, and low production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after stimulus. On the other hand, we observed increase in the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reduction in circulating leukocytes, in the percentage of total CD8+, and in CD8+ Naïve T cells, in addition to increase in the percentage of CD8+ effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) T cells. We found seropositivity for CMV in 97.7%, which was correlated with the decrease of CD8+ Naïve T cells and increase in CD8+ EMRA T cells. Vitamin D levels were insufficient in 50% of old individuals and correlated positively with total CD8+ T cells and negatively with CD8+ EMRA T cells. Conclusion In the studied population, longevity was correlated to maintenance of some immune parameters. Considering the limitations of the study as size of the sample and lack of functional assays, it was found that vitamin D in old individuals was correlated to some features of the immune system, mainly in the CD8 compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Soares Alves
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayari Eika Ishimura
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valquiria Bueno
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Olde Loohuis LM, Mangul S, Ori APS, Jospin G, Koslicki D, Yang HT, Wu T, Boks MP, Lomen-Hoerth C, Wiedau-Pazos M, Cantor RM, de Vos WM, Kahn RS, Eskin E, Ophoff RA. Transcriptome analysis in whole blood reveals increased microbial diversity in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:96. [PMID: 29743478 PMCID: PMC5943399 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the human microbiome in health and disease is increasingly appreciated. We studied the composition of microbial communities present in blood across 192 individuals, including healthy controls and patients with three disorders affecting the brain: schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and bipolar disorder. By using high-quality unmapped RNA sequencing reads as candidate microbial reads, we performed profiling of microbial transcripts detected in whole blood. We were able to detect a wide range of bacterial and archaeal phyla in blood. Interestingly, we observed an increased microbial diversity in schizophrenia patients compared to the three other groups. We replicated this finding in an independent schizophrenia case-control cohort. This increased diversity is inversely correlated with estimated cell abundance of a subpopulation of CD8+ memory T cells in healthy controls, supporting a link between microbial products found in blood, immunity and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Computer, Science University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anil P S Ori
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David Koslicki
- Mathematics Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Harry Taegyun Yang
- Department of Computer, Science University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Wu
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina Wiedau-Pazos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Immunobiology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer, Science University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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116
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Iglesias-Escudero M, Moro-García MA, Marcos-Fernández R, García-Torre A, Álvarez-Argüelles ME, Suárez-Fernández ML, Martínez-Camblor P, Rodríguez M, Alonso-Arias R. Levels of anti-CMV antibodies are modulated by the frequency and intensity of virus reactivations in kidney transplant patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194789. [PMID: 29641536 PMCID: PMC5895001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-CMV (cytomegalovirus) antibody titers are related to immune alterations and increased risk of mortality. To test whether they represent a marker of infection history, we analyzed the effect of viral reactivations on the production of specific antibodies in kidney transplant patients. We quantified CMV-DNAemia and antibody titers in 58 kidney transplant patients before transplantation and during a follow-up of 315 days (standard deviation, SD: 134.5 days). In order to calculate the intensity of the infection, we plotted the follow-up time of the infection on the x-axis and the number of DNA-CMV copies on the y-axis and calculated the area under the curve (CMV-AUC). The degree of T-lymphocyte differentiation was analyzed with flow cytometry, the cells were labelled with different monoclonal antibodies in order to distinguish their differentiation state, from naive T-cells to senescent T-cells. Peak viremia was significantly higher in patients experiencing a primary infection (VI) compared to patients experiencing viral reactivation (VR). Our data indicate that the overall CMV viral load over the course of a primary infection is significantly higher than in a reactivation of a previously established infection. Whereas patients who experienced an episode of CMV reactivation during the course of our observation showed increased levels of CMV-specific antibodies, patients who did not experience CMV reactivation (WVR) showed a drop in CMV antibody levels that corresponds to an overall drop in antibody levels, probably due to the continuing immunosuppression after the renal transplant. We found a positive correlation between the CMV viremia over the course of the infection or reactivation and the CMV-specific antibody titers in the examined patients. We also observed a positive correlation between anti-CMV titers and T-cell differentiation. In conclusion, our data show that anti-CMV antibody titers are related to the course of CMV infection in kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
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Elias R, Giobbie-Hurder A, McCleary NJ, Ott P, Hodi FS, Rahma O. Efficacy of PD-1 & PD-L1 inhibitors in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 29618381 PMCID: PMC5885356 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway demonstrated promising activities in variety of malignancies, however little is known regarding their efficacy in adults aged ≥65 years. Methods We conducted a systematic review and a study-level meta-analysis to explore efficacy of ICIs based on age, younger vs older than 65 years. We included in this analysis randomized controlled phase II or III studies in patients with metastatic solid tumors that compared efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors to a non-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Aggregated estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) are based on random/mixed effects (RE) models to allow for heterogeneity between the studies. Results Initial search identified 53 articles, 17 were randomized controlled trials that compared nivolumab, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Only 9 trials reported hazard ratiios (HR) for OS based on age and were included in this meta-analysis. Out of those studies seven reported HR for PFS but only 4 studies included subgroup-analysis based on age for PFS. The overall estimated random-effects HR for death was 0.64 with 95% CI of 0.54–0.76 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.68 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.75 in patients < 65 years. The overall estimated random-effects for HR for progression was 0.74 with 95% CI of 0.60–0.92 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.73 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.88 in patients < 65 years. Conclusions PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-L1 (atezolizumab) inhibitors had comparable efficacy in adults younger vs ≥ 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Elias
- Sections of Hematology Oncology and geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Jackson McCleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Moro-García MA, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Alonso-Arias R. Influence of Inflammation in the Process of T Lymphocyte Differentiation: Proliferative, Metabolic, and Oxidative Changes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 29545794 PMCID: PMC5839096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes, from their first encounter with their specific antigen as naïve cell until the last stages of their differentiation, in a replicative state of senescence, go through a series of phases. In several of these stages, T lymphocytes are subjected to exponential growth in successive encounters with the same antigen. This entire process occurs throughout the life of a human individual and, earlier, in patients with chronic infections/pathologies through inflammatory mediators, first acutely and later in a chronic form. This process plays a fundamental role in amplifying the activating signals on T lymphocytes and directing their clonal proliferation. The mechanisms that control cell growth are high levels of telomerase activity and maintenance of telomeric length that are far superior to other cell types, as well as metabolic adaptation and redox control. Large numbers of highly differentiated memory cells are accumulated in the immunological niches where they will contribute in a significant way to increase the levels of inflammatory mediators that will perpetuate the new state at the systemic level. These levels of inflammation greatly influence the process of T lymphocyte differentiation from naïve T lymphocyte, even before, until the arrival of exhaustion or cell death. The changes observed during lymphocyte differentiation are correlated with changes in cellular metabolism and these in turn are influenced by the inflammatory state of the environment where the cell is located. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a dual action in the population of T lymphocytes. Exposure to high levels of ROS decreases the capacity of activation and T lymphocyte proliferation; however, intermediate levels of oxidation are necessary for the lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and effector functions. In conclusion, we can affirm that the inflammatory levels in the environment greatly influence the differentiation and activity of T lymphocyte populations. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in these processes. The elucidation of these mechanisms would be of great help in the advance of improvements in pathologies with a large inflammatory base such as rheumatoid arthritis, intestinal inflammatory diseases, several infectious diseases and even, cancerous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Moro-García
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Evaluation of Lymphocyte Response to the Induced Oxidative Stress in a Cohort of Ageing Subjects, including Semisupercentenarians and Their Offspring. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7109312. [PMID: 29681767 PMCID: PMC5842690 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may promote immunosenescence if not counterbalanced by the antioxidant systems. Cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids become the target of ROS and progressively lose their structure and functions. This process could lead to an impairment of the immune response. However, little is known about the capability of the immune cells of elderly individuals to dynamically counteract the oxidative stress. Here, the response of the main lymphocyte subsets to the induced oxidative stress in semisupercentenarians (CENT), their offspring (OFF), elderly controls (CTRL), and young individuals (YO) was analyzed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the ratio of the ROS levels between the induced and noninduced (I/NI) oxidative stress conditions was higher in CTRL and OFF than in CENT and YO, in almost all T, B, and NK subsets. Moreover, the ratio of reduced glutathione levels between I/NI conditions was higher in OFF and CENT compared to the other groups in almost all the subsets. Finally, we observed significant correlations between the response to the induced oxidative stress and the degree of methylation in specific genes on the oxidative stress pathway. Globally, these data suggest that the capability to buffer dynamic changes in the oxidative environment could be a hallmark of longevity in humans.
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Noyan K, Nguyen S, Betts MR, Sönnerborg A, Buggert M. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Elite Controllers Maintain Low Co-Expression of Inhibitory Receptors on CD4+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29403500 PMCID: PMC5786543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) elite controllers (ELCs) represent a unique population that control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is well established that expression of multiple inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells is associated with HIV-1 disease progression. However, whether reduced co-expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4+ T cells is linked to natural viral control and slow HIV-1 disease progression remains undefined. Here, we report on the expression pattern of numerous measurable inhibitory receptors, associated with T cell exhaustion (programmed cell death-1, CTLA-4, and TIGIT), on different CD4+ T cell memory populations in ELCs and HIV-infected subjects with or without long-term cART. We found that the co-expression pattern of inhibitory receptors was significantly reduced in ELCs compared with HIV-1 cART-treated and viremic subjects, and similar to healthy controls. Markers associated with T cell exhaustion varied among different memory CD4+ T cell subsets and highest levels were found mainly on transitional memory T cells. CD4+ T cells co-expressing all inhibitory markers were positively correlated to T cell activation (CD38+ HLA-DR+) as well as the transcription factors Helios and FoxP3. Finally, clinical parameters such as CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load, and the CD4/CD8 ratio all showed significant associations with CD4+ T cell exhaustion. We demonstrate that ELCs are able to maintain lower levels of CD4+ T cell exhaustion despite years of ongoing viral replication compared with successfully cART-treated subjects. Our findings suggest that ELCs harbor a “healthy” state of inhibitory receptor expression on CD4+ T cells that might play part in maintenance of their control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Noyan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Son Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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122
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Buchan SL, Rogel A, Al-Shamkhani A. The immunobiology of CD27 and OX40 and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Blood 2018; 131:39-48. [PMID: 29118006 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-741025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to reinvigorate antitumor T-cell immunity have heralded a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. The most high profile of these mAbs block the inhibitory checkpoint receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4 and have improved life expectancy for patients across a range of tumor types. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that failure of some patients to respond to checkpoint inhibition is attributable to inadequate T-cell priming. For full T-cell activation, 2 signals must be received, and ligands providing the second of these signals, termed costimulation, are often lacking in tumors. Members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are key costimulators of T cells during infection, and there has been an increasing interest in harnessing these receptors to augment tumor immunity. We here review the immunobiology of 2 particularly promising TNFRSF target receptors, CD27 and OX40, and their respective ligands, CD70 and OX40L, focusing on their role within a tumor setting. We describe the influence of CD27 and OX40 on human T cells based on in vitro studies and on the phenotypes of several recently described individuals exhibiting natural deficiencies in CD27/CD70 and OX40. Finally, we review key literature describing progress in elucidating the efficacy and mode of action of OX40- and CD27-targeting mAbs in preclinical models and provide an overview of current clinical trials targeting these promising receptor/ligand pairings in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Buchan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Rogel
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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123
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Brummelman J, Pilipow K, Lugli E. The Single-Cell Phenotypic Identity of Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:63-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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124
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Bullone M, Lavoie JP. The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122612. [PMID: 29206130 PMCID: PMC5751215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, leading to a general pro-inflammatory state of the organism, a process that has been named inflamm-aging. Oxidative stress has an important role in aging and in the regulation of immune responses, probably playing a role in the development of age-related diseases. The respiratory system function physiologically declines with the advancement of age. In elderly asthmatic patients, this may contribute to disease expression. In this review, we will focus on age-related changes affecting the immune system and in respiratory structure and function that could contribute to asthma occurrence, and/or clinical presentation in the elderly. Also, naturally occurring equine asthma will be discussed as a possible model for studying the importance of oxidative stress and immun-aging/inflamm-aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bullone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AUO San Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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125
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Ramadan A, Griesenauer B, Adom D, Kapur R, Hanenberg H, Liu C, Kaplan MH, Paczesny S. Specifically differentiated T cell subset promotes tumor immunity over fatal immunity. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3577-3596. [PMID: 29038366 PMCID: PMC5716032 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic immune cells, particularly T cells in donor grafts, recognize and eliminate leukemic cells via graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reactivity, and transfer of these cells is often used for high-risk hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia. Unfortunately, these cells also attack host normal tissues through the often fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Full separation of GVL activity from GVHD has yet to be achieved. Here, we show that, in mice and humans, a population of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing T cells activated via the ST2-IL-33 pathway (T9IL-33 cells) increases GVL while decreasing GVHD through two opposing mechanisms: protection from fatal immunity by amphiregulin expression and augmentation of antileukemic activity compared with T9, T1, and unmanipulated T cells through CD8α expression. Thus, adoptive transfer of allogeneic T9IL-33 cells offers an attractive approach for separating GVL activity from GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reuben Kapur
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Chen Liu
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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126
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Elisia I, Lam V, Hofs E, Li MY, Hay M, Cho B, Brooks-Wilson A, Rosin M, Bu L, Jia W, Krystal G. Effect of age on chronic inflammation and responsiveness to bacterial and viral challenges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188881. [PMID: 29186188 PMCID: PMC5706672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify reliable biomarkers of age-related changes in chronic inflammation and responsiveness to bacterial and viral challenges, we evaluated endogenous and ex vivo stimulated levels of 18 inflammatory markers, using whole blood collected in EDTA and sodium heparin tubes from 41 healthy volunteers, i.e., 11 men + 10 women aged 20–35 and 10 men + 10 women aged 50–77. These studies revealed significant differences in the levels of inflammatory markers when blood was collected in EDTA versus sodium heparin and age related differences in these biomarkers were confirmed with blood collected in EDTA from 120 healthy volunteers in 3 age categories, ie, 20 men + 20 women, aged 20–35, 36–49 and 50–77. Studies with unstimulated blood samples, to measure levels of chronic inflammation, revealed a significant increase with age in IL-12p70, CRP and PGE2, consistent with the concept of “inflammaging”, and a decrease in G-CSF in both men and women. Interestingly, in response to E. coli stimulation, PGE2 levels were markedly reduced in the 50–77 year old cohort while they were increased following Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) stimulation, along with IL-8. In addition, unlike E. coli, HSV-1 potently stimulated IFNα production, but levels were dramatically reduced in the older cohort, consistent with a reduced ability to generate an anti-viral response. We also found platelets and CD8+ T cells were reduced with age while CD4+ T cells were significantly increased, resulting in a substantially higher CD4/CD8 ratio in the older cohort. Surprisingly, however, we found that the older cohort exhibited more T cell proliferation and IFNγ production in response to anti-CD3+anti-CD28 stimulation. Importantly, there was considerable person-to-person variation in these inflammatory markers in all age groups, making possible comparisons between a person’s “inflammage” and chronological age. These assays should help to identify individuals at high risk of autoimmune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyse Hofs
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Yu Li
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mariah Hay
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brandon Cho
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam Rosin
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke Bu
- Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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127
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Dedeoglu B, Litjens NHR, de Weerd AE, Dor FJ, Klepper M, Reijerkerk D, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. T-Cell Composition of the Lymph Node Is Associated with the Risk for Early Rejection after Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1416. [PMID: 29163492 PMCID: PMC5663687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The T-cell composition within the lymph node (LN) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients differs from the composition within the circulation. Activation of the alloreactive T-cell response within secondary lymphoid organs is important after organ transplantation. However, to date no data are present on LN T-cell subsets and the risk for acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Methods T cells from LNs of ESRD patients were analyzed for frequency of recent thymic emigrants, relative telomere length, expression of differentiation markers, and were related to the development of early acute rejection (EAR), occurring within 3 months after renal transplantation (RT). Furthermore, the alloreactive potential of mononuclear cells isolated from the LN and peripheral blood of 10 patients was analyzed. Measures of alloreactive potential included proliferation, cytokine production, frequencies of interferon-gamma-producing cells, and the presence of cytotoxic molecules. Results Patients with EAR were younger (p = 0.019), cytomegalovirus-seropositive (p = 0.037) and usually received dialysis prior to RT (p = 0.030). Next to this, patients with EAR showed a lower CD4:CD8 ratio (p = 0.027) within the LN. T cells from the LN were similar with regard to alloreactive capacity compared with those within the circulation. Univariate regression analysis showed that the CD4:CD8 ratio (OR: 0.67, p = 0.039), patient age (OR: 0.93, p = 0.024), and preemptive RT (OR: 0.11, p = 0.046) were associated with EAR. After a multivariate analysis, only the CD4:CD8 ratio (OR: 0.58, p = 0.019) and preemptive RT (OR:0.05, p = 0.012) were associated with EAR. Conclusion A lower CD4:CD8 ratio in the LN is associated with a higher risk for the development of rejection within 3 months after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burç Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies E de Weerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Jmf Dor
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derek Reijerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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128
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Elwenspoek MMC, Sias K, Hengesch X, Schaan VK, Leenen FAD, Adams P, Mériaux SB, Schmitz S, Bonnemberger F, Ewen A, Schächinger H, Vögele C, Muller CP, Turner JD. T Cell Immunosenescence after Early Life Adversity: Association with Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1263. [PMID: 29089944 PMCID: PMC5651086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) increases the risk for multiple age-related diseases, such as diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. As prevalence is high, ELA poses a major and global public health problem. Immunosenescence, or aging of the immune system, has been proposed to underlie the association between ELA and long-term health consequences. However, it is unclear what drives ELA-associated immunosenescence and which cells are primarily affected. We investigated different biomarkers of immunosenescence in a healthy subset of the EpiPath cohort. Participants were either parent-reared (Ctrl, n = 59) or had experienced separation from their parents in early childhood and were subsequently adopted (ELA, n = 18). No difference was observed in telomere length or in methylation levels of age-related CpGs in whole blood, containing a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells. However, when specifically investigating T cells, we found a higher expression of senescence markers (CD57) in ELA. In addition, senescent T cells (CD57+) in ELA had an increased cytolytic potential compared to senescent cells in controls. With a mediation analysis we demonstrated that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is an important driving force of immunosenescence, largely accounted for elevated CD57 expression observed in ELA. Leukocyte telomere length may obscure cell-specific immunosenescence; here, we demonstrated that the use of cell surface markers of senescence can be more informative. Our data suggest that ELA may increase the risk of CMV infection in early childhood, thereby mediating the effect of ELA on T cell-specific immunosenescence. Thus, future studies should include CMV as a confounder or selectively investigate CMV seronegative cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Krystel Sias
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Xenia Hengesch
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Violetta K Schaan
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Fleur A D Leenen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Philipp Adams
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Schmitz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Fanny Bonnemberger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Anouk Ewen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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129
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors and elderly people: A review. Eur J Cancer 2017; 82:155-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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130
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Xu W, Larbi A. Markers of T Cell Senescence in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1742. [PMID: 28796199 PMCID: PMC5578132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries are facing the aging of their population, and many more will face a similar obstacle in the near future, which could be a burden to many healthcare systems. Increased susceptibility to infections, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, cancer as well as reduced efficacy of vaccination are important matters for researchers in the field of aging. As older adults show higher prevalence for a variety of diseases, this also implies higher risk of complications, including nosocomial infections, slower recovery and sequels that may reduce the autonomy and overall quality of life of older adults. The age-related effects on the immune system termed as "immunosenescence" can be exemplified by the reported hypo-responsiveness to influenza vaccination of the elderly. T cells, which belong to the adaptive arm of the immune system, have been extensively studied and the knowledge gathered enables a better understanding of how the immune system may be affected after acute/chronic infections and how this matters in the long run. In this review, we will focus on T cells and discuss the surface and molecular markers that are associated with T cell senescence. We will also look at the implications that senescent T cells could have on human health and diseases. Finally, we will discuss the benefits of having these markers for investigators and the future work that is needed to advance the field of T cell senescence markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Faculty of Sciences, University ElManar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
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132
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Poropatich K, Fontanarosa J, Samant S, Sosman JA, Zhang B. Cancer Immunotherapies: Are They as Effective in the Elderly? Drugs Aging 2017; 34:567-581. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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133
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Jackaman C, Tomay F, Duong L, Abdol Razak NB, Pixley FJ, Metharom P, Nelson DJ. Aging and cancer: The role of macrophages and neutrophils. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:105-116. [PMID: 28390891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immune function has been implicated in the declining health and higher incidence of cancer in the elderly. However, age-related changes to immunity are not completely understood. Neutrophils and macrophages represent the first line of defence yet their ability to phagocytose pathogens decrease with aging. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are critical in eliminating tumors, but T cell function is also compromised with aging. T cell responses can be regulated by macrophages and may depend on the functional phenotype macrophages adopt in response to microenvironmental signals. This can range from pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic M1 to anti-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. Macrophages in healthy elderly adipose and hepatic tissue exhibit a more pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype compared to young hosts whilst immunosuppressive M2 macrophages increase in elderly lymphoid tissues, lung and muscle. These M2-like macrophages demonstrate altered responses to stimuli. Recent studies suggest that neutrophils also regulate T cell function and, like macrophages, neutrophil function is modulated with aging. It is possible that age-modified tissue-specific macrophages and neutrophils contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with dysregulated macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, which together are responsible for development of multiple pathologies, including cancer. This review discusses recent advances in macrophage and neutrophil biology in healthy aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jackaman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Lelinh Duong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Bintu Abdol Razak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Effect of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Ageing on T-Bet and Eomes Expression on T-Cell Subsets. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071391. [PMID: 28661443 PMCID: PMC5535884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential impact of ageing and cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection on human T-cell subsets remains to some extent controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyse the expression of the transcription factors T-bet and Eomes and CD57 on CD4+, CD4hiCD8lo and CD8+ T-cell subsets in healthy individuals, stratified by age and CMV serostatus. The percentage of CD4+ T-cells expressing T-bet or Eomes was very low, in particular in CD4+ T-cells from young CMV-seronegative individuals, and were higher in CMV-seropositive older individuals, in both CD57− and CD57+ CD4+ T-cells. The study of the minor peripheral blood double-positive CD4hiCD8lo T-cells showed that the percentage of these T-cells expressing both Eomes and T-bet was higher compared to CD4+ T-cells. The percentage of CD4hiCD8lo T-cells expressing T-bet was also associated with CMV seropositivity and the coexpression of Eomes, T-bet and CD57 on CD4hiCD8lo T-cells was only observed in CMV-seropositive donors, supporting the hypothesis that these cells are mature effector memory cells. The percentage of T-cells expressing Eomes and T-bet was higher in CD8+ T-cells than in CD4+ T-cells. The percentages of CD8+ T-cells expressing Eomes and T-bet increased with age in CMV-seronegative and -seropositive individuals and the percentages of CD57− CD8+ and CD57+ CD8+ T-cells coexpressing both transcription factors were similar in the different groups studied. These results support that CMV chronic infection and/or ageing are associated to the expansion of highly differentiated CD4+, CD4hiCD8lo and CD8+ T-cells that differentially express T-bet and Eomes suggesting that the expression of these transcription factors is essential for the generation and development of an effector-memory and effector T lymphocytes involved in conferring protection against chronic CMV infection.
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135
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Characterization of naïve, memory and effector T cells in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:17-25. [PMID: 28778440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We characterized naïve, central memory (CM), effector memory (EM) and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their expression of CD49d and CD26 in peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls. CD26+ CD28+ CD4+ TEMRA T cells were increased in all subtypes of MS, and CD26+ CD28+ CD8+ TEMRA T cells were increased in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS. Conversely, in progressive MS, CD49d+ CM T cells were decreased and natalizumab increased the circulating number of all six subsets but reduced the frequency of most subsets expressing CD49d and CD26.
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136
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Premature Aging. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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137
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Immunotherapy comes of age: Immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 8:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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138
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Darboe A, Danso E, Clarke E, Umesi A, Touray E, Wegmuller R, Moore SE, Riley EM, Goodier MR. Enhancement of cytokine-driven NK cell IFN-γ production after vaccination of HCMV infected Africans. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1040-1050. [PMID: 28383105 PMCID: PMC5888140 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection drives the phenotypic and functional differentiation of NK cells, thereby influencing the responses of these cells after vaccination. NK cell functional differentiation is particularly advanced in African populations with universal exposure to HCMV. To investigate the impact of advanced differentiation on vaccine‐induced responses, we studied NK‐cell function before and after vaccination with Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) or diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPiP) in Africans with universal, lifelong HCMV exposure. In contrast to populations with lower prevalence of HCMV infection, no significant enhancement of NK‐cell responses (IFN‐γ, CD107a, CD25) occurred after in vitro re‐stimulation of post‐vaccination NK cells with TIV or DTPiP antigens compared to pre‐vaccination baseline cells. However, both vaccinations resulted in higher frequencies of NK cells producing IFN‐γ in response to exogenous IL‐12 with IL‐18, which persisted for up to 6 months. Enhanced cytokine responsiveness was restricted to less differentiated NK cells, with increased frequencies of IFN‐γ+ cells observed within CD56brightCD57−, CD56dimCD57−NKG2C− and CD56dimCD57−NKG2C+ NK‐cell subsets. These data suggest a common mechanism whereby different vaccines enhance NK cell IFN‐γ function in HCMV infected donors and raise the potential for further exploitation of NK cell “pre‐activation” to improve vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alansana Darboe
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,MRC International Nutrition Group, Nutrition Theme, MRC Keneba, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ebrima Danso
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Nutrition Theme, MRC Keneba, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Clarke
- Vaccine and Immunity Theme, Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ama Umesi
- Vaccine and Immunity Theme, Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ebrima Touray
- Vaccine and Immunity Theme, Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Wegmuller
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Nutrition Theme, MRC Keneba, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Nutrition Theme, MRC Keneba, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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139
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de Melo KM, Unger S, Keller B, Gutenberger S, Stumpf I, Goldacker S, Warnatz K. Increase of circulating α4β7 + conventional memory CD4 and regulatory T cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Immunol 2017; 180:80-83. [PMID: 28323147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether circulating α4β7+ expressing T cells could serve as a potential marker for gastrointestinal (GI) disease activity in patients with CVID. The analysis of α4β7+ T cells in the peripheral blood of 36 patients and 22 healthy donors (HD) revealed increased percentages of α4β7+ conventional memory CD4 T cells and Tregs, but not among CD8 T-cell populations in patients with CVID compared to HD. No differences between patients with and without chronic or acute GI symptoms were observed. EUROClass smB- and 21lo patients, had higher percentages of α4β7+ memory CD4 T cells compared to HD and smB+ or 21norm patients, respectively. In summary, the detection of α4β7+ T cells in the peripheral blood did not correlate with active or chronic gastrointestinal disease. The increase of these cells in smB- and 21lo patients adds another piece to the immune dysregulation observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mescouto de Melo
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gutenberger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Stumpf
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigune Goldacker
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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140
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Dedeoglu B, de Weerd AE, Huang L, Langerak AW, Dor FJ, Klepper M, Verschoor W, Reijerkerk D, Baan CC, Litjens NHR, Betjes MGH. Lymph node and circulating T cell characteristics are strongly correlated in end-stage renal disease patients, but highly differentiated T cells reside within the circulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:299-310. [PMID: 28142201 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in the peripheral T cell immune system, which can be influenced significantly by latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. To what extent changes in circulating T cell populations correlate with T cell composition of the lymph node (LN) is unclear, but is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the T cell system. T cells from peripheral blood (PB) and LN of end-stage renal disease patients were analysed for frequency of recent thymic emigrants using CD31 expression and T cell receptor excision circle content, relative telomere length and expression of differentiation markers. Compared with PB, LN contained relatively more CD4+ than CD8+ T cells (P < 0·001). The percentage of naive and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and thymic output parameters showed a strong linear correlation between PB and LN. Highly differentiated CD28null T cells, being CD27- , CD57+ or programmed death 1 (PD-1+ ), were found almost exclusively in the circulation but not in LN. An age-related decline in naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequency was observed (P = 0·035 and P = 0·002, respectively) within LN, concomitant with an increase in central memory CD8+ T cells (P = 0·033). Latent CMV infection increased dramatically the frequency of circulating terminally differentiated T cells, but did not alter T cell composition and ageing parameters of LN significantly. Overall T cell composition and measures of thymic function in PB and LN are correlated strongly. However, highly differentiated CD28null T cells, which may comprise a large part of circulating T cells in CMV-seropositive individuals, are found almost exclusively within the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A E de Weerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F J Dor
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Verschoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Reijerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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141
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Biragyn A, Aliseychik M, Rogaev E. Potential importance of B cells in aging and aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:283-294. [PMID: 28083646 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of B cells as merely antibody producers is slowly changing. Alone or in concert with antibody, they control outcomes of seemingly different diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. While their role in activation of effector immune cells is beneficial in cancer but bad in autoimmune diseases, their immunosuppressive and regulatory subsets (Bregs) inhibit autoimmune and anticancer responses. These pathogenic and suppressive functions are not static and appear to be regulated by the nature and strength of inflammation. Although aging increases inflammation and changes the composition and function of B cells, surprisingly, little is known whether the change affects aging-associated neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, by analyzing B cells in cancer and autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases, we elucidate their potential importance in AD and other aging-associated neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Maria Aliseychik
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
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142
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Tu W, Rao S. Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2111. [PMID: 28082969 PMCID: PMC5186782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune system, also termed as immunosenescence, involves many changes in human T cell immunity that is characterized by a loss in naïve T cell population and an increase in highly differentiated CD28- memory T cell subset. There is extensive data showing that latent persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is also associated with age-related immune dysfunction in the T cells, which might enhance immunosenescence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related and HCMV-related immunosenescence is critical for the development of effective age-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies. In this review, we will address the role of both aging and HCMV infection that contribute to the T cell senescence and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms in aged T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tu
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
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143
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Hong HS, Koch SD, Scheel B, Gnad-Vogt U, Schröder A, Kallen KJ, Wiegand V, Backert L, Kohlbacher O, Hoerr I, Fotin-Mleczek M, Billingsley JM. Distinct transcriptional changes in non-small cell lung cancer patients associated with multi-antigenic RNActive® CV9201 immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1249560. [PMID: 28123889 PMCID: PMC5214806 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1249560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently completed a phase I/IIa trial of RNActive® CV9201, a novel mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine targeting five tumor-associated antigens in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of the study presented here was to comprehensively analyze changes in peripheral blood during the vaccination period and to generate hypotheses facilitating the identification of potential biomarkers correlating with differential clinical outcomes post RNActive® immunotherapy. We performed whole-genome expression profiling in a subgroup of 22 stage IV NSCLC patients before and after initiation of treatment with CV9201. Utilizing an analytic approach based on blood transcriptional modules (BTMs), a previously described, sensitive tool for blood transcriptome data analysis, patients segregated into two major clusters based on transcriptional changes post RNActive® treatment. The first group of patients was characterized by the upregulation of an expression signature associated with myeloid cells and inflammation, whereas the other group exhibited an expression signature associated with T and NK cells. Patients with an enrichment of T and NK cell modules after treatment compared to baseline exhibited significantly longer progression-free and overall survival compared to patients with an upregulation of myeloid cell and inflammatory modules. Notably, these gene expression signatures were mutually exclusive and inversely correlated. Furthermore, our findings correlated with phenotypic data derived by flow cytometry as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Our study thus demonstrates non-overlapping, distinct transcriptional profiles correlating with survival warranting further validation for the development of biomarker candidates for mRNA-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linus Backert
- Center for Bioinformatics and Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen , Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Center for Bioinformatics and Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Germany; Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - James M Billingsley
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough , MA, USA
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144
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Bronevetsky Y, Burt TD, McCune JM. Lin28b Regulates Fetal Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Modulation of TGF-β Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4344-4350. [PMID: 27793996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune tolerance between the fetus and mother represents an active process by which the developing fetus must not mount immune responses to noninherited Ags on chimeric maternal cells that reside in fetal tissue. This is, in part, mediated by the suppressive influence of CD4+FOXP3+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Fetal secondary lymphoid organs have an increased frequency of Tregs and, as compared with adult T cells, fetal naive CD4+ T cells exhibit a strong predisposition to differentiate into Tregs when stimulated. This effect is mediated by the TCR and TGF-β pathways, and fetal T cells show significantly increased Treg differentiation in response to anti-CD3 and TGF-β stimulation. Naive fetal T cells also exhibit increased signaling through the TGF-β pathway, with these cells demonstrating increased expression of the signaling mediators TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2, and higher levels of SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation. Increased fetal Treg differentiation is mediated by the RNA-binding protein Lin28b, which is overexpressed in fetal T cells as compared with adult cells. When Lin28b expression is decreased in naive fetal T cells, they exhibit decreased Treg differentiation that is associated with decreased TGF-β signaling and lowered expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2. Lin28b regulates the maturation of let-7 microRNAs, and these TGF-β signaling mediators are let-7 targets. We hypothesize that loss of Lin28b expression in fetal T cells leads to increased mature let-7, which causes decreased expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2 proteins. A reduction in TGF-β signaling leads to reduced Treg numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110;
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110; and.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
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145
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Xie J, Zhang J, Wu H, Tang X, Liu J, Cheng G, Li P. The influences of age on T lymphocyte subsets in C57BL/6 mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:108-113. [PMID: 28053579 PMCID: PMC5198989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the age related changes of T lymphocyte subsets in C57BL/6 mice and immune function. Multi-color immunofluorescence techniques that were used to analyse relative numbers of T lymphocyte subsets include CD4+, CD8+, naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+, CD8+CD28+ T cells in peripheral blood of C57BL/6 mice from different age groups (Group I: 2 months old; Group II: 7 months old; Group III: 21 months old); Splenocytes isolated from different group mice were stimulated with Con A to evaluate the proliferative ability. Compared with group I, group II had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells, while group III had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increase in the percentage of CD8+, memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Compared with group II, group III had a significant reduction in the percentage of naive CD8+ T cells and increase in the percentage of memory CD4+ and CD8+, CD8+CD28+ T cells in peripheral blood. The T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro showed that groups II and III had a lower proliferative capacity than group I, between groups II and III, there was not a significant difference. We provide relative values for the T lymphocyte subsets in the different age groups of C57BL/6 mice. The immune system began aging at 7 months old in C57BL/6 mice under a specific pathogen free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Xincun Road 389, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Guangwen Cheng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 27 68862461 (G. Cheng), +86 21 66111430 (P. Li).
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, No. 389 XinCun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 27 68862461 (G. Cheng), +86 21 66111430 (P. Li).
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146
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Cooke RE, Gherardin NA, Harrison SJ, Quach H, Godfrey DI, Prince M, Koldej R, Ritchie DS. Spontaneous onset and transplant models of the Vk*MYC mouse show immunological sequelae comparable to human multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:259. [PMID: 27599546 PMCID: PMC5011922 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Vk*MYC transgenic and transplant mouse models of multiple myeloma (MM) are well established as a research tool for anti-myeloma drug discovery. However, little is known of the immune response in these models. Understanding the immunological relevance of these models is of increasing importance as immunotherapeutic drugs are developed against MM. Methods We set out to examine how cellular immunity is affected in Vk*MYC mouse models and compare that to the immunology of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM. Results We found that there were significant immunological responses in mice developing either spontaneous (transgenic) or transplanted MM as a consequence of the degree of tumor burden. Particularly striking were the profound B cell lymphopenia and the expansion of CD8+ effector memory T cells within the lymphocyte population that progressively developed with advancing disease burden, mirroring changes seen in human MM. High disease burden was also associated with increased inflammatory cytokine production by T lymphocytes, which is more fitting with relapsed/refractory MM in humans. Conclusions These findings have important implications for the application of this mouse model in the development of MM immunotherapies. Trial registration LitVacc ANZCTR trial ID ACTRN12613000344796; RevLite ANZCTR trial ID NCT00482261
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Cooke
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon J Harrison
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hang Quach
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Miles Prince
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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147
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Cantisán S, Páez-Vega A, Pérez-Romero P, Montejo M, Cordero E, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Martín-Gandul C, Maruri N, Aguado R, Solana R, Torre-Cisneros J. Prevention strategies differentially modulate the impact of cytomegalovirus replication on CD8(+) T-cell differentiation in high-risk solid organ transplant patients. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:244-51. [PMID: 27378225 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether antiviral prevention strategies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection used in high-risk D+R- solid organ transplanted patients can modulate the impact of CMV replication on CD8(+) T-cell differentiation. The different CD8(+) T-cell subpopulations were measured at a single point when at least one year had elapsed since transplantation. A total of 68 D+R- patients were included, of which 33 underwent pre-emptive therapy and 35 received prophylaxis. Multivariate analysis showed that CMV replication was associated with the expansion of CD28־ EMRA CD8(+) T cells in patients managed pre-emptively but not in patients under prophylaxis (21.4% vs. 3.6%). This finding is likely related to the higher frequency of CMV recurrence observed in patients under pre-emptive therapy compared to those under prophylaxis (75% vs. 14.3%; p < 0.001). In fact, multivariate analysis showed that having more than one replication episode was associated with a 17.2% increase (p = 0.001) in the percentage of CD28־ EMRA CD8(+) T cells compared to "no episode" and with a 10.9% increase with respect to "single episodes" (p = 0.025). Additionally, patients with IFNγ response to CMV (QuantiFERON-CMV Reactive) had a higher percentage of late-differentiated CD8(+) T cells than patients lacking this response. In summary, recurrent CMV replication in D+R- patients under pre-emptive therapy was associated with the expansion of CD28־ EMRA CD8(+) T cells, which might have a short-term beneficial effect related to the high functionality of this T-cell subpopulation. Nevertheless, we cannot rule out that this accumulation might have a long-term detrimental effect related to immunosenescence and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cantisán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Páez-Vega
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/ CSIC/University of Sevilla, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elisa Cordero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/ CSIC/University of Sevilla, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Ahufinger
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martín-Gandul
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/ CSIC/University of Sevilla, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Naroa Maruri
- Department of Nephrology, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rocío Aguado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Immunology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Julián Torre-Cisneros
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
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148
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Kverneland AH, Streitz M, Geissler E, Hutchinson J, Vogt K, Boës D, Niemann N, Pedersen AE, Schlickeiser S, Sawitzki B. Age and gender leucocytes variances and references values generated using the standardized ONE-Study protocol. Cytometry A 2016; 89:543-64. [PMID: 27144459 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is now accepted as an ideal technology to reveal changes in immune cell composition and function. However, it is also an error-prone and variable technology, which makes it difficult to reproduce findings across laboratories. We have recently developed a strategy to standardize whole blood flow cytometry. The performance of our protocols was challenged here by profiling samples from healthy volunteers to reveal age- and gender-dependent differences and to establish a standardized reference cohort for use in clinical trials. Whole blood samples from two different cohorts were analyzed (first cohort: n = 52, second cohort: n = 46, both 20-84 years with equal gender distribution). The second cohort was run as a validation cohort by a different operator. The "ONE Study" panels were applied to analyze expression of >30 different surface markers to enumerate proportional and absolute numbers of >50 leucocyte subsets. Indeed, analysis of the first cohort revealed significant age-dependent changes in subsets e.g. increased activated and differentiated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets, acquisition of a memory phenotype for Tregs as well as decreased MDC2 and Marginal Zone B cells. Males and females showed different dynamics in age-dependent T cell activation and differentiation, indicating faster immunosenescence in males. Importantly, although both cohorts consisted of a small sample size, our standardized approach enabled validation of age-dependent changes with the second cohort. Thus, we have proven the utility of our strategy and generated reproducible reference ranges accounting for age- and gender-dependent differences, which are crucial for a better patient monitoring and individualized therapy. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders H Kverneland
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Vogt
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David Boës
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Niemann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders Elm Pedersen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | | | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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149
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Lee-Chang C, Bodogai M, Moritoh K, Chen X, Wersto R, Sen R, Young HA, Croft M, Ferrucci L, Biragyn A. Aging Converts Innate B1a Cells into Potent CD8+ T Cell Inducers. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3385-97. [PMID: 26983789 PMCID: PMC4821757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B cell dysregulation in aging is thought to mostly occur in conventional B2 cells without affecting innate B1 cells. Elderly humans and mice also accumulate 4-1BBL(+)MHC class-I(Hi)CD86(Hi)B cells of unknown origin. In this article, we report that these cells, termed 4BL cells, are activated murine and possibly human B1a cells. The activation is mediated by aging human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages. They induce expression and activation of 4-1BBL and IFN-γR1 on B1a cells to subsequently upregulate membrane TNF-α and CD86. As a result, activated B1a/4BL cells induce expression of granzyme B in CD8(+)T cells by targeting TNFR2 via membrane TNF-α and providing costimulation with CD86. Thus, for the first time, to our knowledge, these results indicate that aging affects the function of B1a cells. Upon aging, these cells lose their tumor-supporting activity and become inducers of potentially antitumor and autoimmune CD8(+)T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Lee-Chang
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224; INSERM UMR995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Monica Bodogai
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert Wersto
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21244
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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150
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Spyridopoulos I, Martin-Ruiz C, Hilkens C, Yadegarfar ME, Isaacs J, Jagger C, Kirkwood T, von Zglinicki T. CMV seropositivity and T-cell senescence predict increased cardiovascular mortality in octogenarians: results from the Newcastle 85+ study. Aging Cell 2016; 15:389-92. [PMID: 26696322 PMCID: PMC4783336 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to drive T lymphocytes toward a senescent phenotype, it remains controversial whether and how CMV can cause coronary heart disease (CHD). To explore whether CMV seropositivity or T-cell populations associated with immunosenescence were informative for adverse cardiovascular outcome in the very old, we prospectively analyzed peripheral blood samples from 751 octogenarians (38% males) from the Newcastle 85+ study for their power to predict survival during a 65-month follow-up (47.3% survival rate). CMV-seropositive participants showed a higher prevalence of CHD (37.7% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.030) compared to CMV-seronegative participants together with lower CD4/CD8 ratio (1.7 vs. 4.1, P < 0.0001) and higher frequencies of senescence-like CD4 memory cells (41.1% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001) and senescence-like CD8 memory cells (TEMRA, 28.1% vs. 6.7%, P < 0.001). CMV seropositivity was also associated with increased six-year cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.75 [1.09-2.82], P = 0.021) or death from myocardial infarction and stroke (HR 1.89 [107-3.36], P = 0.029). Gender-adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that low percentages of senescence-like CD4 T cells (HR 0.48 [0.32-0.72], P < 0.001) and near-senescent (CD27 negative) CD8 T cells (HR 0.60 [0.41-0.88], P = 0.029) reduced the risk of cardiovascular death. For senescence-like CD4, but not near-senescent CD8 T cells, these associations remained robust after additional adjustment for CMV status, comorbidities, and inflammation markers. We conclude that CMV seropositivity is linked to a higher incidence of CHD in octogenarians and that senescence in both the CD4 and CD8 T-cell compartments is a predictor of overall cardiovascular mortality as well as death from myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute of Neuroscience; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Catharien Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Mohammad E. Yadegarfar
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - John Isaacs
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Carol Jagger
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Tom Kirkwood
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK
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