101
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Chen F, Zhang H, Zhao N, Du E, Jin F, Fan Q, Guo W, Huang S, Wei J. Effects of magnolol and honokiol blend on performance, egg quality, hepatic lipid metabolism, and intestinal morphology of hens at late laying cycle. Animal 2022; 16:100532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Su W, Gong T, Jiang Z, Lu Z, Wang Y. The Role of Probiotics in Alleviating Postweaning Diarrhea in Piglets From the Perspective of Intestinal Barriers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883107. [PMID: 35711653 PMCID: PMC9197122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning of piglets is an important strategy for improving the production efficiency of sows in modern intensive farming systems. However, due to multiple stressors such as physiological, environmental and social challenges, postweaning syndrome in piglets often occurs during early weaning period, and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) is a serious threat to piglet health, resulting in high mortality. Early weaning disrupts the intestinal barrier function of piglets, disturbs the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and destroys the intestinal chemical, mechanical and immunological barriers, which is one of the main causes of PWD in piglets. The traditional method of preventing PWD is to supplement piglet diet with antibiotics. However, the long-term overuse of antibiotics led to bacterial resistance, and antibiotics residues in animal products, threatening human health while causing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and superinfection of piglets. Antibiotic supplementation in livestock diets is prohibited in many countries and regions. Regarding this context, finding antibiotic alternatives to maintain piglet health at the critical weaning period becomes a real emergency. More and more studies showed that probiotics can prevent and treat PWD by regulating the intestinal barriers in recent years. Here, we review the research status of PWD-preventing and treating probiotics and discuss its potential mechanisms from the perspective of intestinal barriers (the intestinal microbial barrier, the intestinal chemical barrier, the intestinal mechanical barrier and the intestinal immunological barrier) in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Wang,
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103
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Chang SC, Chiang HH, Liu CY, Li YJ, Lu CL, Lee YP, Huang CJ, Lai CL. Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Improvement with Prebiotics: Histological Evaluation of Longish Glucomannan Hydrolysates-Induced Innate T Lymphocyte Activities in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112220. [PMID: 35684019 PMCID: PMC9182621 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of prebiotics is a growing topic in healthcare. A lightweight molecule and water-soluble fiber ingredient, longish glucomannan hydrolysates (LGH), has been developed to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and confer gut health benefits. This study aims to investigate the implications of continuous LGH intervening in intestinal epithelium integrity and protective immunity against chemical dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Twelve male BALB/c mice were randomly arranged into four groups. The LGH/DSS group had results in bodyweight variance, epithelial cell density, and aberrancy score as good as the LGH group, and both were equivalent to the control group. LGH consumption effectively protects the distal intestinal epithelium by activating innate T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, T-cell subsets in subepithelial interspersion take a bystander role in these microenvironmental alterations. Under this stress, the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)+ T cells infiltrate the epithelium, while CD4+ T cells inversely appear in submucosal large lymphoid aggregates/isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in which significant CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell populations agglomerate. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) are observed in these ILFs. Agglomerated CD4+ T-cell lineages may have roles with proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells in balancing responses to intraluminal antigens. Collectively, LGH administration may function in immune modulation to protect against DSS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Hsun Chiang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 221037, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Lun Lu
- Aquatic Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Xiangshan, Hsinchu 300110, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Pin Lee
- Research and Development, Healthy-Bioceuticals Company, Taipei 114201, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Long Lai
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333324, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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104
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Lourenco JM, Welch CB. Using microbiome information to understand and improve animal performance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2077147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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105
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Gong M, Zhang F, Miao Y, Niu J. Advances of Heat Shock Family in Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869930. [PMID: 35645809 PMCID: PMC9133716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a non-specific and chronic inflammatory disease of colonic mucosa whose exact etiology and mechanisms remain unclear. The incidence rate of UC is increasing year by year worldwide. What followed is that the medical costs are also rising rapidly. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis and find promising therapeutic targets for UC. Intestinal mucosal homeostasis is essential for normal bowel function, and its imbalance may be an important pathogenesis of UC. Endogenous homeostatic regulators play roles in repairing intestinal mucosa injury after stress. Heat shock family proteins are essential endogenous homeostasis factors. They can inhibit inflammation, regulate intestinal epithelial cells’ survival and death, and promote mucosal healing. Thus, they play important roles in sustaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis and protecting against UC progression. However, the heat shock family may promote UC carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the advances in the research of the functions of the heat shock family in UC. And this review is an attempt to light on the etiopathogenesis of UC, highlighting the endogenous protective mechanisms, hoping to provide a novel therapeutic target for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglei Miao, ; Junkun Niu,
| | - Junkun Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglei Miao, ; Junkun Niu,
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106
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Takáčová M, Bomba A, Tóthová C, Micháľová A, Turňa H. Any Future for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Novel Strategy for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Human and Veterinary Medicine? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:723. [PMID: 35629390 PMCID: PMC9146664 DOI: 10.3390/life12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, also known as dysbiosis, are the result of many factors such as diet, antibiotics, stress, diseases, etc. There are currently several ways to modulate intestinal microbiome such as dietary modulation, the use of antimicrobials, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents one new method of gut microbiota modulation in humans with the aim of reconstructing the intestinal microbiome of the recipient. In human medicine, this form of bacteriotherapy is successfully used in cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). FMT has been known in large animal medicine for several years. In small animal medicine, the use of FMT is not part of normal practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Takáčová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alojz Bomba
- Prebiotix s.r.o., 024 01 Kysucké Nové Mesto, Slovakia
| | - Csilla Tóthová
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alena Micháľová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hana Turňa
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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107
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Guo Y, He X, Zhao RM, Yang HZ, Huang Z, Zhang J, Yu XQ. Zn-dipicolylamine-based reactive oxygen species-responsive lipids for siRNA delivery and in vivo colitis treatment. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:287-298. [PMID: 35489607 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of ROS and inflammatory factor levels plays important role in the treatment of colitis. A series of ROS-responsive lipids (ZnDPA-R) based on the thioketal structure were designed and synthesized. It was hoped that the lipidic materials could combine ROS consumption and siRNA delivery capacity to achieve synergistic treatment of colitis. The target liposomes could combine with the phosphate backbone of siRNA to form lipoplexes with the size of ∼100 nm, and could deliver siRNA cargo into the cell. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory experiments showed that the lipids may effectively consume ROS in cells. Meanwhile, the lipoplexes significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α mRNA and related inflammatory factors in macrophages. After PEGylation, the lipoplex was used for the treatment of mouse colitis, and biodistribution results proved that the lipoplexes effectively aggregated in the intestine. The delivery system could not only response to the high ROS level at colitis via thioketal breaking, but also could assist in the treatment of inflammation by ROS consumption. The treatment results revealed that the levels of TNF-α mRNA and related inflammatory factors at the colon lesion were largely reduced, and the inflammatory symptoms were significantly relieved. Hematology test results indicated that the treatment was safe and induced no obvious side effects on mice. This study may shed light on the synergistic treatment for colitis via anti-inflammatory siRNA delivery and ROS depletion strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Downregulation of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is critical in treating colitis. In the present study, a series of ROS-responsive lipid molecules based on the Zn-DPA headgroup and thioketal linkage were synthesized for delivering TNF-α siRNA and for treating colitis. In addition to silencing the expression of TNF-α mRNA and the related inflammatory factors, the material also achieved synergistic treatment by simultaneous consumption of ROS in the colon lesion. In vitro cell experiments and in vivo colitis treatment in mice showed that the lipoplex exerted a satisfactory therapeutic effect on colitis, and the symptoms of colitis in mice were significantly alleviated. The present study may shed light on the synergistic treatment for colitis through anti-inflammatory siRNA delivery and ROS depletion strategies.
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108
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Hao Y, Ji Z, Shen Z, Xue Y, Zhang B, Yu D, Liu T, Luo D, Xing G, Tang J, Hou S, Xie M. Increase Dietary Fiber Intake Ameliorates Cecal Morphology and Drives Cecal Species-Specific of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in White Pekin Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853797. [PMID: 35464956 PMCID: PMC9021919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was to investigate the modulatory effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) levels on cecal morphology and the response of microbiota to maintain gut health for duck growth. A total of 192 14-day-old male white Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to three dietary groups and fed diets, containing 12.4, 14.7, and 16.2% TDF, respectively, until 35 days under the quantitative feed intake. Each dietary group consisted of eight replicate cages of eight birds. The results revealed that 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups significantly promoted growth performance and improved villus height, the ratio of villus to crypt, muscle layer thickness, and goblet cells per villus of cecum in ducks. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of Claudin-1, Muc2, IGF-1, and SLC16A1 was significantly upregulated in cecum in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups. Meanwhile, the concentration of IGF-1 in circulating was significantly increased in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of DAO was significantly decreased in 16.2% TDF group. Furthermore, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum were conspicuously improved in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of propionate was significantly decreased. In addition, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum presented negative correlations with the concentration of DAO in circulating. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the 14.7% TDF group importantly elevated the microbial richness. Simultaneously, butyrate-producing bacteria like the family Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were enriched as biomarkers in the 16.2% TDF group. Correlation network analysis revealed that the associations between specific bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by different TDF levels, and the correlations among bacteria were also witnessed. For example, the genus Monoglobus and CHKCI002 showed a positive correlation with butyrate, and there was a positively coexistent association between Monoglobus and CHKCI002. In summary, these data revealed that increasing the TDF level could enhance the cecal morphology and drive cecal species-specific of SCFAs in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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109
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AL-Ishaq RK, Koklesova L, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiome on Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focusing on Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092140. [PMID: 35565269 PMCID: PMC9101278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A symbiotic relationship with the host gut microbiome influences the immune system’s development, functions, and activities. In the mucosa, the gut microbiome mediates several immune activities such as the induction of naïve T-cells differentiation, production of cytokines, and myeloid cells activation. The gut-immune interaction and GI cancer development were investigated more recently. Understanding the interaction’s underlying mechanism provides insight to use them as potential anti-cancer targets. Even though multiple reports support the role of gut-immune interactions in targeting cancer-related pathways such as inflammation, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation, efforts are required to assess their interaction and impact on current treatment options. Abstract Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is a global health disease with a huge burden on a patient’s physical and psychological aspects of life and on health care providers. It is associated with multiple disease related challenges which can alter the patient’s quality of life and well-being. GI cancer development is influenced by multiple factors such as diet, infection, environment, and genetics. Although activating immune pathways and components during cancer is critical for the host’s survival, cancerous cells can target those pathways to escape and survive. As the gut microbiome influences the development and function of the immune system, research is conducted to investigate the gut microbiome–immune interactions, the underlying mechanisms, and how they reduce the risk of GI cancer. This review addresses and summarizes the current knowledge on the major immune cells and gut microbiome interactions. Additionally, it highlights the underlying mechanisms of immune dysregulation caused by gut microbiota on four major cancerous pathways, inflammation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Overall, gut-immune interactions might be a key to understanding GI cancer development, but further research is needed for more detailed clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4492-8334; Fax: +974-4492-8333
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110
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Liu L, Lu Y, Xu C, Chen H, Wang X, Wang Y, Cai B, Li B, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, Marzorati M, Yao Q. The Modulation of Chaihu Shugan Formula on Microbiota Composition in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem Technology Platform and its Influence on Gut Barrier and Intestinal Immunity in Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Cell Co-Culture Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820543. [PMID: 35370677 PMCID: PMC8964513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)–Chaihu Shugan Formula (CSF), consisting of several Chinese botanical drugs like Bupleurum, is derived from the ancient Chinese pharmacopeia. It has been used for more than thousands of years in various suboptimal health statuses and diseases induced by chronic stress based on empirical therapy. Recent studies confirm the role of CSF in the development of many diseases, including depression, stress-induced hepatic injury and tumors. However, little has been known about the mechanisms behind the health effects of CSF. Here, we investigate the influence of CSF on the modulation of the simulated colonic microbiota of five healthy donors, gut barrier integrity, and intestinal immunity by combining the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) technology platform with co-culture of intestinal and immune cells. This approach revealed that CSF stimulated the production of SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) across donors while significantly lowering the production of branched SCFA (bSCFA). In terms of community composition, CSF stimulated a broad spectrum of health-related Bifidobacterium species, which are potent acetate and lactate producers. At the same time, it lowered the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Escherichia coli. Later, we explore the effect of colonic fermentation of CSF on the gut barrier and intestinal immunity in the Caco-2/THP1-blue™ cell co-culture model. Based on the study using SHIME technology platform, CSF showed protective effects on inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in all donors. Also, the treatment of CSF showed pronounced anti-inflammatory properties by strongly inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. These findings demonstrate a significant modulatory effect of CSF on intestinal gut microbiota. CSF-microbial fermentation products improved the gut barrier and controlled intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanying Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biyu Cai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Leuven Health Technology Centre China Centre, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,ProDigest BV, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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111
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Melara EG, Avellaneda MC, Valdivié M, García-Hernández Y, Aroche R, Martínez Y. Probiotics: Symbiotic Relationship with the Animal Host. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060719. [PMID: 35327116 PMCID: PMC8944810 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intestinal health directly influences the profitability of animal production, and so growth-promoting antibiotics have been used in the feed or drinking water to reduce the impact of enteric diseases and improve production parameters. However, these have generated long-term bacterial resistance. In the search for natural alternatives to antibiotics, various probiotic strains have been developed to improve intestinal health and biological indicators in farm animals, which is important to provide the consumer with safe food. This review describes the main probiotic bacteria and yeasts, their in vitro properties and their impact on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal environment of animals. Furthermore, this review outlines the role of probiotics in apparently healthy ruminants, pigs and poultry, including animals with digestive diseases. Abstract Antibiotic growth-promoters in animal feeding are known to generate bacterial resistance on commercial farms and have proven deleterious effects on human health. This review addresses the effects of probiotics and their symbiotic relationship with the animal host as a viable alternative for producing healthy meat, eggs, and milk at present and in the future. Probiotics can tolerate the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the gastric acid, pH and bile salts, to exert beneficial effects on the host. They (probiotics) may also have a beneficial effect on productivity, health and wellbeing in different parameters of animal performance. Probiotics stimulate the native microbiota (microbes that are present in their place of origin) and production of short-chain fatty acids, with proven effects such as antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects, resulting in better intestinal health, nutrient absorption capacity and productive responses in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. These beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to each microbial strain; therefore, the isolation and identification of beneficial microorganisms, as well as in vitro and in vivo testing in different categories of farm animals, will guarantee their efficacy, replicability and sustainability in the current production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Guadalupe Melara
- Master Program in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture, Graduate Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Mavir Carolina Avellaneda
- Plant Pathology, Diagnosis and Molecular Research Lab, Agricultural Sciences and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Manuel Valdivié
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Production, P.O. Box 6240, Santiago de las Vegas, Rancho Boyeros, Havana 10900, Cuba;
| | - Yaneisy García-Hernández
- Departamento de Animales Monogástricos, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Carretera Central km 47 ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba;
| | - Roisbel Aroche
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba;
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Poultry Research and Teaching Center, Agricultural Science and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-94422496
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112
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Liu H, Gao P, Jia B, Lu N, Zhu B, Zhang F. IBD-Associated Atg16L1T300A Polymorphism Regulates Commensal Microbiota of the Intestine. Front Immunol 2022; 12:772189. [PMID: 35154071 PMCID: PMC8829142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by the interaction among host genetics, microbiota, and the immune system of the entire digestive tract. Atg16L1T300A polymorphism is a genetic factor that confers increased risk for the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. However, the exact contributions of Atg16L1T300A to intestinal mucosal homeostasis are not well understood. Here we show that Atg16L1T300A polymorphism impacts commensal bacterial flora in the intestine under a steady state. Analysis of intestinal bacteria from Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice showed that they harbored an altered microbiota in both the terminal ileum and colon compared to cohoused WT mice. Interestingly, Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice harbored a significant increase in the abundance of Tyzzerella, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcaceae, and Cyanobacteria which were known associated with IBD. Moreover, Akkermansia, a bacterium that is mucin-associated, was reduced greatly in Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice. Further analysis indicated that goblet cells of Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice had diminished mucin secretion that resulted from defective autophagy. Finally, Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice developed more severe inflammation in the DSS colitis model than in WT mice. These results indicate that the altered microbiota in Atg16L1T300A/T300A mice might be an important factor that contributed to the risk of Atg16L1T300A carriers to Crohn's disease and supports a multi-hit disease model involving specific gene-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoqian Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Na Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Department of Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Department of Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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113
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Qi Q, Liu YN, Lv SY, Wu HG, Zhang LS, Cao Z, Liu HR, Wang XM, Wu LY. Gut microbiome alterations in colitis rats after moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu acupoints. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35151255 PMCID: PMC8840236 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moxibustion has been used to improve the inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in gastrointestinal disorders such as UC. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion could improve the gut microbial dysbiosis induced by dextran sulphate sodium.
Methods
Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups. The UC rat model was established by administering DSS solution. The rats in the moxibustion and normal rats with moxibustion groups were treated with moxibustion at Tianshu (bilateral, ST25) points, and the mesalazine group rats were treated with mesalazine once daily for 7 consecutive days. Disease activity index (DAI) and haematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the effect of moxibustion. Gut microbiota profiling was conducted by metagenomic high throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbiota composition, diversity and function were analyzed and compared using metagenomics methodologies.
Results
The DAI scores and histopathology scores in the moxibustion and mesalazine groups were significantly decreased compared with the UC group (P < 0.01). Moxibustion treatment increased abundance levels of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Synergistetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides, Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2, were increased and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, Alistipes, Parasutterella were decreased in the UC group in comparsion with those in the NG group. Moxibustion increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3 and decreased Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2. In UC group, the specie Bacteroides_massiliensis was negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with IL-23, Bacteroides_eggerthii_CAG109 and Bacteroides_eggerthii were negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with TGF-β. And the species Prevotella_sp_CAG1031 and Bacteroides_bacterium_H2 were significant positively (P < 0.05) correlated with IL-23. In addition, compare with the normal group, genes involved in certain metabolic pathways, such as energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, were under-represented in the UC group, and these changes in the metabolic pathways could be reversed by moxibustion treatment and mesalazine treatment.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may protect the host from mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota community.
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114
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Song S, Lou Y, Mao Y, Wen X, Fan M, He Z, Shen Y, Wen C, Shao T. Alteration of Gut Microbiome and Correlated Amino Acid Metabolism Contribute to Hyperuricemia and Th17-Driven Inflammation in Uox-KO Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804306. [PMID: 35197978 PMCID: PMC8858814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gut dysbiosis had been demonstrated to be an important factor affecting hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout, little is known for its potential mechanistic connections. In this study, Uox-KO mice model that with spontaneously developed pronounced HUA and urate nephropathy was used to explore the pathophysiologic mechanism of microbiota alterations in HUA and gout with integrated multi-omics analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize the characteristic bacteria, and untargeted LC/MS analysis was applied to reveal the featured metabolites. Our results showed there was a significant shift in gut microbiota composition and function in Uox-KO mice compared to WT mice and apparent metabolomics differences between the two groups. Among them, amino acids metabolism appears to play a critical role. Correlation analysis further revealed that the characteristic metabolites were strongly influenced by the discrepant bacterial genera. Furthermore, impairment of intestinal integrity and profound alterations in the profile of solute carrier family resulted in dysregulation of amino acids transportation, which subsequently impacted serum uric acid level and CD4+ Th17 driven inflammation. Together, these data indicate that gut dysbiosis promotes purine metabolism disorder and inflammation in Uox-KO mice. Remodeling the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to combat HUA and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Moqi Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengping Wen, ; Tiejuan Shao,
| | - Tiejuan Shao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengping Wen, ; Tiejuan Shao,
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115
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Kotla NG, Isa ILM, Rasala S, Demir S, Singh R, Baby BV, Swamy SK, Dockery P, Jala VR, Rochev Y, Pandit A. Modulation of Gut Barrier Functions in Ulcerative Colitis by Hyaluronic Acid System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103189. [PMID: 34761543 PMCID: PMC8811821 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The active stages of intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis are associated with superficial mucosal damage and intermittent wounding that leads to epithelial barrier defects and increased permeability. The standard therapeutic interventions for colitis have focused mainly on maintaining the remission levels of the disease. Nonetheless, such treatment strategies (using anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory agents) do not address colitis' root cause, especially the mucosal damage and dysregulated intestinal barrier functions. Restoration of barrier functionality by mucosal healing or physical barrier protecting strategies shall be considered as an initial event in the disease suppression and progression. Herein, a biphasic hyaluronan (HA) enema suspension, naïve-HA systems that protect the dysregulated gut epithelium by decreasing the inflammation, permeability, and helping in maintaining the epithelial barrier integrity in the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice model is reported. Furthermore, HA-based system modulates intestinal epithelial junctional proteins and regulatory signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of inflammation and mucosal protection. The results suggest that HA-based system can be delivered as an enema to act as a barrier protecting system for managing distal colonic inflammatory diseases, including colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G. Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Isma Liza Mohd Isa
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Present address:
Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia
| | - Swetha Rasala
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Secil Demir
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Becca V. Baby
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Samantha K. Swamy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Department of AnatomyNational University of IrelandGalwayH91 TK33Ireland
| | - Venkatakrishna R. Jala
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
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116
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Islam MR, Arthur S, Haynes J, Butts MR, Nepal N, Sundaram U. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obesity-Associated Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030624. [PMID: 35276983 PMCID: PMC8838694 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that has become a new focus of attention due to its association with numerous human diseases. Research over the last few decades has shown that the gut microbiota plays a considerable role in regulating intestinal homeostasis, and disruption to the microbial community has been linked to chronic disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and obesity. Obesity has become a global pandemic, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide mostly in Western countries due to a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-fat/high-sugar diets. Obesity-mediated gut microbiota alterations have been associated with the development of IBD and IBD-induced CRC. This review highlights how obesity-associated dysbiosis can lead to the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC with a special focus on mechanisms of altered absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
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117
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Wang X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. Tea Polyphenols: A Natural Antioxidant Regulates Gut Flora to Protect the Intestinal Mucosa and Prevent Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020253. [PMID: 35204136 PMCID: PMC8868443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract of a healthy human body hosts many microorganisms that are closely linked to all aspects of people’s lives. The impact of intestinal flora on host health is no longer limited to the gut but can also affect every organ in the body through various pathways. Studies have found that intestinal flora can be altered by external factors, which provides new ideas for treating some diseases. Tea polyphenols (TP), a general term for polyphenols in tea, are widely used as a natural antioxidant in various bioactive foods. In recent years, with the progress of research, there have been many experiments that provide strong evidence for the ability of TP to regulate intestinal flora. However, there are very few studies on the use of TP to modify the composition of intestinal microorganisms to maintain health or treat related diseases, and this area has not received sufficient attention. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which TP regulates intestinal flora and the essential role in maintaining suitable health. In addition, we highlighted the protective effects of TP on intestinal mucosa by regulating intestinal flora and the preventive and therapeutic effects on certain chronic diseases, which will help further explore measures to prevent related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
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118
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Ramires LC, Santos GS, Ramires RP, da Fonseca LF, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Lana AV, Azzini G, Smith CS, Lana JF. The Association between Gut Microbiota and Osteoarthritis: Does the Disease Begin in the Gut? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031494. [PMID: 35163417 PMCID: PMC8835947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some say that all diseases begin in the gut. Interestingly, this concept is actually quite old, since it is attributed to the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who proposed the hypothesis nearly 2500 years ago. The continuous breakthroughs in modern medicine have transformed our classic understanding of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and human health. Although the gut microbiota (GMB) has proven to be a core component of human health under standard metabolic conditions, there is now also a strong link connecting the composition and function of the GMB to the development of numerous diseases, especially the ones of musculoskeletal nature. The symbiotic microbes that reside in the gastrointestinal tract are very sensitive to biochemical stimuli and may respond in many different ways depending on the nature of these biological signals. Certain variables such as nutrition and physical modulation can either enhance or disrupt the equilibrium between the various species of gut microbes. In fact, fat-rich diets can cause dysbiosis, which decreases the number of protective bacteria and compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier in the GIT. Overgrowth of pathogenic microbes then release higher quantities of toxic metabolites into the circulatory system, especially the pro-inflammatory cytokines detected in osteoarthritis (OA), thereby promoting inflammation and the initiation of many disease processes throughout the body. Although many studies link OA with GMB perturbations, further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano C. Ramires
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mãe de Deus Hospital, Porto Alegre 90110-270, RS, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.S.); (L.F.d.F)
| | - Rafaela Pereira Ramires
- Department of Biology, Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Science, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.S.S.); (L.F.d.F)
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Anna Vitória Lana
- Department of Medicine, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Azzini
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Curtis Scott Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 83703, USA;
| | - José Fábio Lana
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
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119
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Suzuki Y, Kubota K, Haga S, Hayashi H, Oishi M, Miura H, Roh S, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Expression of chemerin in intestinal mucosa of calves with comparable expression level with other antimicrobial proteins. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13750. [PMID: 35774014 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal calves are highly susceptible to infectious disorders including diarrhea. Therefore, epithelial innate immunity, including antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), is important during the early stage of their lives. Chemerin, a multifunctional protein that was originally identified as a chemokine, possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. The present study investigated the expression levels of chemerin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of growing calves. Chemerin and its coding gene, retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), were highly expressed in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with other parts of the GI tract. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that chemerin-producing cells were localized in the crypt of the intestinal mucosa. Finally, the expression level of RARRES2 was higher compared with those of other major AMPs in duodenum, although it was lower compared with that of enteric β-defensin but mostly higher than those of other AMPs in jejunum and ileum at various ages in calves. The expression levels of RARRES2 were not influenced by the age of calves in duodenum and jejunum, whereas a higher expression level of RARRES2 in ileum was observed in younger calves. This study revealed that chemerin is produced in the small intestine of calves and has the potential to contribute to the gut epithelial barrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Kubota
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Grazing Animal Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Oishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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120
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de Souza-Silva TG, Oliveira IA, da Silva GG, Giusti FCV, Novaes RD, de Almeida Paula HA. Impact of microplastics on the intestinal microbiota: A systematic review of preclinical evidence. Life Sci 2022; 294:120366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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121
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Padovani BN, Abrantes do Amaral M, Fénero CM, Paredes LC, Boturra de Barros GJ, Xavier IK, Hiyane MI, Ghirotto B, Feijóo CG, Saraiva Câmara NO, Takiishi T. Different wild type strains of zebrafish show divergent susceptibility to TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation displaying distinct immune cell profiles. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:13-22. [PMID: 35496825 PMCID: PMC9040082 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the diversity in immune profile of the different wild type strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio), despite its growing popularity as an animal model to study human diseases and drug testing. In the case of data resulting from modeling human diseases, differences in the background Danio fishes have rarely been taken into consideration when interpreting results and this is potentially problematic, as many studies not even mention the source and strain of the animals. In this study, we hypothesized that different wild type zebrafish strains could present distinct immune traits. To address the differences in immune responses between two commonly used wild type strains of zebrafish, AB and Tübingen (TU), we used an intestinal inflammation model induced by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and characterized the susceptibility and immune profile in these two strains. Our data demonstrates significant differences in survival between AB and TU strains when exposed to TNBS, suggesting important physiological differences in how these strains respond to inflammatory challenges. We observed that the AB strain presented increased mortality, higher neutrophilic intestinal infiltration, decreased goblet cell numbers and decreased IL-10 expression when exposed to TNBS, compared to the TU strain. In summary, our study demonstrates strain-specific immunological responses in AB and TU animals. Finally, the significant variations in strain-related susceptibility to inflammation and the differences in the immune profile shown here, highlight that the background of each strain need to be considered when utilizing zebrafish to model diseases and for drug screening purposes, thus better immune characterization of the diverse wild type strains of zebrafish is imperative. Strain-specific immunological profiles exist in wild-type zebrafish strains (AB and TU). AB and TU showed different responses to induced intestinal inflammation. AB strain had increased mortality and higher inflammatory profile. TU strain had better survival and higher IL-10 expression.
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122
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El-Sahhar S, Varga-Weisz P. The gut microbiome in health and disease: Inflammatory bowel diseases. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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123
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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Structural characterization and protective effects of polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis on LPS-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100157. [PMID: 34816122 PMCID: PMC8593598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides and evaluate their protective effects on Lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. The G. lemaneiformis polysaccharide was degraded by UV/H2O2 treatment and purified to three fractions named GLP-1.0 M, GLP-1.4 M and GLP-1.6 M. The purified fractions were mainly composed of galactose, glucose and xylose. The structural analysis showed that GLP-1.6 M was a typical sulfated red alga polysaccharide containing the linear backbone of β-(1 → 3)- and α-(1 → 4)-linked galactosyl residues, anhydro-galactose units. In the Lipopolysaccharide-induced IEC-6 cells model, GLP-1.6 M exerted the strongest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release and expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β by 89.93%, 67.82% and 38.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, GLP-1.6 M enhanced the intestinal barrier function via up-regulating the expressions of tight junctions and mucin. Therefore, the purified polysaccharide from G. lemaneiformis could be a promising candidate for maintaining intestinal health in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Guo L, Xu J, Du Y, Wu W, Nie W, Zhang D, Luo Y, Lu H, Lei M, Xiao S, Liu J. Effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on Alzheimer’s disease. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:573-580. [PMID: 35070441 PMCID: PMC8713066 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity, disability, and fatality rate, significantly increasing the global burden of public health. The failure in drug discovery over the past decades has stressed the urgency and importance of seeking new perspectives. Recently, gut microbiome (GM), with the ability to communicate with the brain bidirectionally through the microbiome–gut–brain axis, has attracted much attention in AD-related studies, owing to their strong associations with amyloids, systematic and focal inflammation, impairment of vascular homeostasis and gut barrier, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc., making the regulation of GM, specifically supplementation of probiotics a promising candidate for AD treatment. This article aims to review the leading-edge knowledge concerning potential roles of GM in AD pathogenesis and of probiotics in its treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yunhua Du
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Weibo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Wenjing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Huixian Lu
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Third People’s Hospital , No. 102 Jinlan South Road , Foshan , Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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126
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Interactions of Muscovy duck reovirus, gut microbiota, and host innate immunity: Transcriptome and gut microbiota analysis. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109286. [PMID: 34856425 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) infection causes severe intestinal barrier damage and intestinal mucosal immune suppression. The health and balance of gut microbes is essential for the progression of intestinal infectious diseases. To investigate the interaction of MDRV, intestinal bacteria with host intestinal innate immunity, an MDRV contact-infection model was established in this study. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence 16S rDNA and transcripts in ileal samples from experimental Muscovy ducklings. Our results suggest that intestinal opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus and Corynebacterium proliferated massively in MDRV-infected Muscovy ducklings. The body initiates antiviral and antibacterial immunity and actively fights the infection of gut microbes. The synthesis of peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and flagellin by intestinal bacteria activates the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway resulting in increased secretion of IFN-β, IL-1β, and IL-8. The RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for the interaction between MDRV and the host. At the same time, we also observed that multiple genes in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were significantly different. These genes are important targets for studying the immunosuppression caused by MDRV. In conclusion, we analyzed the interaction of MDRV, intestinal flora and host immune system during MDRV infection, which provides a basis for the further study on the mechanism of intestinal immunosuppression caused by MDRV.
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Hu C, Niu X, Chen S, Wen J, Bao M, Mohyuddin SG, Yong Y, Liu X, Wu L, Yu Z, Ma X, Ju X. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Colonic Flora Diversity, Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism, Transcripts, and Biochemical Indexes in Heat-Stressed Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717723. [PMID: 34745096 PMCID: PMC8567839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stressed pigs show typical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, little is known about the pathogenesis of heat stress (HS)-induced IBD in pigs. In this study, we determined the effects of HS on colon morphology, intestinal microbiota diversity, transcriptome genes (transcripts), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism in pigs. In addition, the correlation among these parameters was analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Results showed that the liver and kidney functions related to blood biochemical indexes were partially changed in pigs under HS. Furthermore, the levels of diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid were significantly increased, whereas the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A were decreased. The integrity of colonic tissue was damaged under HS, as bleeding, lymphatic infiltration, and villi injury were observed. The concentrations of SCFAs in the colon, such as acetic acid and butyric acid, were decreased significantly. In addition, the composition of colon microbiota, such as decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri and increase in Clostridium sensu stricto 1 of day 7 and 14 while under HS. These changes were associated with changes in the concentration of SCFAs and biochemical indexes above mentioned. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and IBD pathway, which were also associated with the changes in SCFAs. Thus, the structure, diversity of intestinal microorganisms, and changes in the levels of SCFAs in colon of heat stressed pigs changed significantly, contributing to the activation of immune response and inflammatory signal pathways and causing abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes and intestinal mucosal damage. These results highlight the interconnections between intestinal microbiota, SCFAs, and immune response and their role in the pathogenesis of stress induced IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Hu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueting Niu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengwei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaying Wen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minglong Bao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sahar Ghulam Mohyuddin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lianyun Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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128
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Hong W, Xu D, Song X, Niu B, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Lei X, Ma R, Lu C, Sun N, Mao Y, Li X. Vitamin A and retinoic acid accelerate the attenuation of intestinal adaptability upon feeding induced by high-fat diet in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108803. [PMID: 34147602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With its unique cellular plasticity, the small intestinal mucosa exhibits efficient adaptability upon feeding. However, little is known about the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on this adaption and its underlying mechanism. Herein, we demonstrated that the cell proliferation ability, mitochondrial morphology, and global transcriptomic profile of the small intestine exhibited a prominent discrepancy between the fasted and refed state in mice, which were markedly attenuated by long-term HFD feeding. The retinol (Vitamin A, VA) metabolism pathway was dramatically affected by HFD feeding in the small intestine. Both VA and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), with the administration of lipid micelles, promoted the expression of genes involved in lipid absorption and suppressed the expression of genes involved in the cell proliferation of intestinal organoids. Via chip-qPCR and RT-qPCR, genes involved in lipid metabolism and cell proliferation were target genes of RARα/RXRα in small intestinal organoids treated with RA and lipid micelles. The role of VA in the in vivo attenuation of intestinal adaptability, in response to HFD, was evaluated. Mice were fed a normal chow diet, HFD, or HFD diet supplemented with additional 1.5-fold VA for 12 weeks. VA supplementation in HFD accelerated the attenuation of intestinal adaptability upon feeding induced by HFD, promoted lipid absorption gene expression, and increased body weight and serum cholesterol levels. In conclusion, the discrepancy of the small intestine between the fasted and refed state was dramatically attenuated by HFD feeding, in which VA and RA might play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baolin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiteng Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Runjun Ma
- Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China;.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Pang J, Wang S, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang X, Pi Y, Han D, Zhang S, Wang J. Xylo-oligosaccharide alleviates Salmonella induced inflammation by stimulating Bifidobacterium animalis and inhibiting Salmonella colonization. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21977. [PMID: 34613640 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100919rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), which is considered as a potential prebiotic, exhibits multiple beneficial effects on modulation of gut microbiota, strength of intestinal barrier, and inhibition of intestinal inflammation. The objective of this study is to investigate whether XOS protects against Salmonella infection by modulating gut microbiota, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and resisting colonization. C57BL/6 male mice received water supplementation with 5% XOS for 14 days before Salmonella Typhimurium infection. The results showed that XOS suppressed the Salmonella-induced inflammation, but had limited effects on tight junction molecules and mRNA expression of mucus proteins, except for claudin-1 in the colon. Data of 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that XOS modulated gut microbiota composition by significantly stimulating Bifidobacterium animalis (B. animalis), and reducing Salmonella counts. Therefore, the potential protective effects of B. animalis against Salmonella challenge were investigated as well. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 (BB12), which could markedly increase in XOS, was selected to treat mice. Similarly, Salmonella-induced inflammatory reactions were alleviated by BB12 but tight junction molecules and mucin proteins in the colonic tissues were not affected. Administration of BB12 remarkably decreased the copies of Salmonella in cecal digesta post Salmonella infection. Additionally, the decrease concentrations of cecal propionate and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in Salmonella-infected mice were reversed by BB12 treatment, and propionate performed a strong inhibitory effect on Salmonella growth in vitro. Besides that, BB12 could directly restrict Salmonella proliferation in vitro. Moreover, BB12 reduced the adhesion ability of Salmonella on the Caco-2 cells model. Our results suggest that XOS could be considered as a candidate of functional food to protect against Salmonella infection by stimulating Bifidobacterium, which then resists Salmonella colonization by maintaining the intestinal SCFAs levels and suppressing adhesibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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130
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Achasova KM, Kozhevnikova EN, Borisova MA, Litvinova EA. Fucose Ameliorates Tritrichomonas sp.-Associated Illness in Antibiotic-Treated Muc2-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910699. [PMID: 34639039 PMCID: PMC8509520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus layer in the intestine plays a critical role in regulation of host–microbe interactions and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions of the mucus layer due to genetic, environmental, or immune factors may lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD frequently are accompanied with infections, and therefore are treated with antibiotics. Hence, it is important to evaluate risks of antibiotic treatment in individuals with vulnerable gut barrier and chronic inflammation. Mice with a knockout of the Muc2 gene, encoding the main glycoprotein component of the mucus, demonstrate a close contact of the microbes with the gut epithelium which leads to chronic inflammation resembling IBD. Here we demonstrate that the Muc2−/− mice harboring a gut protozoan infection Tritrichomonas sp. are susceptible to an antibiotic-induced depletion of the bacterial microbiota. Suppression of the protozoan infection with efficient metronidazole dosage or L-fucose administration resulted in amelioration of an illness observed in antibiotic-treated Muc2−/− mice. Fucose is a monosaccharide presented abundantly in gut glycoproteins, including Mucin2, and is known to be involved in host–microbe interactions, in particular in microbe adhesion. We suppose that further investigation of the role of fucose in protozoan adhesion to host cells may be of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya M. Achasova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena N. Kozhevnikova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- The Laboratory of Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya A. Borisova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Litvinova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-923-147-94-64
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131
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Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910224. [PMID: 34638564 PMCID: PMC8508624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.
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132
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Ogita T, Namai F, Mikami A, Ishiguro T, Umezawa K, Uyeno Y, Shimosato T. A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:701466. [PMID: 34490323 PMCID: PMC8416681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is necessary for a good quality of life, and strengthening of the intestinal barrier function is thus an important issue. Therefore, we focused on soybean resistant protein (SRP) derived from kori-tofu (freeze-dried tofu), which is a traditional Japanese food, as a functional food component. In this study, to investigate the effect of SRP on the intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota, we conducted an SRP free intake experiment in mice. Results showed that ingestion of SRP decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and induced the expression of Reg3γ, thereby improving the intestinal barrier function. In addition, SRP intake induced changes in the cecal microbiota, as observed by changes in β-diversity. In particular, in the microbiota, the up-regulation of functional gene pathways related to the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells (ko05100) was observed, suggesting that Reg3γ expression was induced by the direct stimulation of epithelial cells. The results of this study suggest that SRP is a functional food component that may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ogita
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Fu Namai
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayane Mikami
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Koji Umezawa
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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133
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Brenner D, Shorten GD, O'Mahony SM. Postoperative pain and the gut microbiome. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2021; 10:100070. [PMID: 34409198 PMCID: PMC8361255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poorly controlled postoperative pain remains a major unresolved challenge globally. The gut microbiome impacts on inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Microbiota metabolites can regulate peripheral and central sensitisation. Stress is linked to both postoperative pain and an altered gut microbiome.
In excess of 300 million surgical procedures are undertaken worldwide each year. Despite recognition of the prevalence of postoperative pain, and improvements in pain management techniques, poorly controlled postoperative pain remains a major unresolved challenge globally. An estimated 71% and 51% of patients experience moderate to severe pain after surgery in in-patient and outpatient settings, respectively. Inadequately controlled pain after surgery is associated with significant perioperative morbidity including myocardial infarction and pulmonary complications. As many as 20–56% of patients develop chronic pain after commonly performed procedures such as hernia repair, hysterectomy, and thoracotomy. Traditional analgesics and interventions are often ineffective or partially effective in the treatment of postoperative pain, resulting in a chronic pain condition with related socio-economic impacts and reduced quality of life for the patient. Such chronic pain which occurs after surgery is referred to as Persistent Post-Surgical Pain (PPSP). The complex ecosystem that is the gastrointestinal microbiota (including bacteria, fungi, viruses, phage) plays essential roles in the maintenance of the healthy state of the host. A disruption to the balance of this microbiome has been implicated not only in gastrointestinal disease but also neurological disorders including chronic pain. The influence of the gut microbiome is well documented in the context of visceral pain from the gastrointestinal tract while a greater understanding is emerging of the impact on inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain (both of which can occur during the perioperative period). The gut microbiome is an essential source for driving immune maturation and maintaining appropriate immune response. Given that inflammatory processes have been implicated in postoperative pain, aberrant microbiome profiles may play a role in the development of this type of pain. Furthermore, the microorganisms in our gut produce metabolites, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators which interact with their receptors to regulate peripheral and central sensitisation associated with chronic pain. Microbiota-derived mediators can also regulate neuroinflammation, which is associated with activation of microglia as well as infiltration by immune cells, known to modulate the development and maintenance of central sensitisation. Moreover, risk factors for developing postoperative pain include anxiety, depression, and increased stress response. These central nervous system-related disorders have been associated with an altered gut microbiome and microbiome targeted intervention studies indicate improvements. Females are more likely to suffer from postoperative pain. As gonadal hormones are associated with a differential microbiome and pre-clinical studies show that male microbiome confers protection from inflammatory pain, it is possible that the composition of the microbiome and its by-products contribute to the increased risk for the development of postoperative pain. Very little evidence exists relating the microbiome to somatic pain. Here we discuss the potential role of the gut microbiome in the aetiology and pathophysiology of postoperative pain in the context of other somatic pain syndromes and what is known about microbe-neuron interactions. Investigations are needed to determine the specific role of the gut microbiome in this type of pain which may help inform the development of preventative interventions as well as management strategies to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenner
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Ireland
| | - George D Shorten
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Liu W, Luo X, Tang J, Mo Q, Zhong H, Zhang H, Feng F. A bridge for short-chain fatty acids to affect inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease positively: by changing gut barrier. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2317-2330. [PMID: 33180143 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In previous studies, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been found to regulate gut microbiota and change gut barrier status, and the potential positive effects of SCFAs on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have also been found, but the role of SCFAs in these three diseases is not clear. This review aims to summarize existing evidence on the effects of SCFAs on IBD, T1D, and NHFLD, and correlates them with gut barrier and gut microbiota (gut microbiota barrier). METHODS A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Wiley Online Library up to October 2020 was conducted for all relevant studies published. RESULTS This is a retrospective review of 150 applied research articles or reviews. The destruction of gut barrier may promote the development of IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. SCFAs seem to maintain the gut barrier by promoting the growth of intestinal epithelial cells, strengthening the intestinal tight connection, and regulating the activities of gut microbiota and immune cells, which might result possible beneficial effects on the above three diseases at a certain dose. CONCLUSIONS Influencing gut barrier health may be a bridge for SCFAs (especially butyrate) to have positive effects on IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. It is expected that this article can provide new ideas for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases by SCFAs and help SCFAs be better applied to precise and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianliang Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Abstract
Fucoidans are cell wall polysaccharides found in various species of brown seaweeds. They are fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) and comprise 5-20% of the algal dry weight. Fucoidans possess multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-lipidemic, anti-metastatic, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. Dietary fucoidans provide small but constant amounts of FCSPs to the intestinal tract, which can reorganize the composition of commensal microbiota altered by FCSPs, and consequently control inflammation symptoms in the intestine. Although the bioactivities of fucoidans have been well described, there is limited evidence to implicate their effect on gut microbiota and bowel health. In this review, we summarize the recent studies that introduce the fundamental characteristics of various kinds of fucoidans and discuss their potential in altering commensal microorganisms and influencing intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
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136
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Ruszkowski J, Daca A, Szewczyk A, Dębska-Ślizień A, Witkowski JM. The influence of biologics on the microbiome in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111904. [PMID: 34328113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a group of several chronic disorders with elusive pathogenesis that results in dysregulation of the normal immune response and leads to organ-specific or systemic inflammation. There are many reports on gastrointestinal or skin dysbiosis in patients with IMIDs; however, it is not clear whether dysbiosis is a cause or a result of the observed inflammation. We aimed to determine whether treatment of IMIDs patients with biologics affects their microbiota in comparison with baseline or placebo. METHODS We searched for studies in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Due to both high heterogeneity and lacking data, vote-counting and structured tables were used to summarize the data. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 25 longitudinal human studies with 816 IMIDs patients receiving biologics were included. Data on α-diversity change are inconclusive. Most evidence supports the increase in all α-diversity metrics in responding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients; however, vote counting did not confirm the significance of the directional change. In case of β-diversity, treatment with biologics made patients' microbiome more similar to the microbiome of healthy controls in 5 out of 7 studies. The changes in taxa abundance and predicted functionality of microbiome were systematically summarized. Limited number and quality of the included studies highly restricted the conclusions of the study. CONCLUSIONS Local inflammation may play pivotal role in the gut microbiome disruption in IMIDs patients. The effect of the biologics on human microbiota should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials and transparently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ruszkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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137
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Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in psychiatric disorders: Current evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110258. [PMID: 33497754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract, namely gut microbiota, form a dynamic population proper of each individual, mostly composed by bacteria which co-evolved symbiotically with human species. The advances of culture-independent techniques allowed the understanding of the multiple functions of the gut microbiota in human physiology and disease, the latter often recognising a predisposing condition in an imbalanced intestinal microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis). A complex mutual interconnection between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and the gut microbiota, known as "microbiota-gut-brain axis", has been hypothesized to play a pivotal role in maintaining central and peripheral functions, as well as mental health. Thus, dysbiosis with specific microbiota imbalances seems to be strongly associated with the onset psychiatric disorders by altering neurodevelopment, enhancing neurodegeneration, affecting behaviour and mood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) consists of transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient, and it is used to quickly modulate the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the uses of FMT in psychiatric disorders. FMT has been used to induce dysbiosis and to study the disease development, or to heal dysbiosis-related mental disorders. Overall, FMT of impaired microbiota resulted effective in enhancing psychiatric-like disturbances (mainly depression and anxiety) in recipient animals, plausibly by impairing immune system, inflammatory and metabolic pathways, neurochemical processes and neuro-transmission. On the other side, preclinical and clinical data suggest that reversing or mitigating dysbiosis seems a promising strategy to restore behavioural impairments or to obtain psychiatric symptom relief. However, current evidence is limited by the lack of procedural standardization, the paucity of human studies in the vastity of psychiatric conditions and the need of a microbiota-targeted donor-recipient matching.
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138
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Ryan L, Wong Y, Dwyer KM, Clarke D, Kyprian L, Craig JM. Coprocytobiology: A Technical Review of Cytological Colorectal Cancer Screening in Fecal Samples. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:591-604. [PMID: 34219541 DOI: 10.1177/24726303211024562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Ryan
- Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - YenTing Wong
- Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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139
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The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228872. [PMID: 34076695 PMCID: PMC8201460 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
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140
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Fusco A, Savio V, Donniacuo M, Perfetto B, Donnarumma G. Antimicrobial Peptides Human Beta-Defensin-2 and -3 Protect the Gut During Candida albicans Infections Enhancing the Intestinal Barrier Integrity: In Vitro Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:666900. [PMID: 34178720 PMCID: PMC8223513 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.666900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is composed of a monolayer of epithelial cells, which is highly polarized and firmly united to each other thanks to the presence of proteins complexes, called Tight junctions (TJs). Alteration of the mucus layer and TJs causes an increase in intestinal permeability, which can lead to a microbial translocation and systemic disorders. Candida albicans, in addition to its role of commensal, is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for disseminated candidiasis, especially in immunocompromised subjects where the dysbiosis leads to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier . In this work, we used a line of intestinal epithelial cells able to stably express the genes that encodes human beta defensin-2 (HBD-2) and -3 (HBD-3) to monitor the invasion of C. albicans in vitro. Defensins are a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in different living organisms, and are involved in the first line of defense in the innate immune response against pathogens. The results obtained show that the presence of antimicrobial peptides improves the expression of TJs and increases the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistence value. In addition, the invasive ability of C. albicans in transfected cells is significantly reduced, as well as the expression levels of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway. Through the study of interaction between antimicrobial peptides and microbiota we will be able in the future to better understand the mechanisms by which they exert the host defense function against intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Savio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Perfetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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141
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De Santis S, Scarano A, Liso M, Calabrese FM, Verna G, Cavalcanti E, Sila A, Lippolis A, De Angelis M, Santino A, Chieppa M. Polyphenol Enriched Diet Administration During Pregnancy and Lactation Prevents Dysbiosis in Ulcerative Colitis Predisposed Littermates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622327. [PMID: 34178715 PMCID: PMC8221423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract depends on mother microbiome, thus mother microbiota dysbiosis is transmitted to the offspring during the delivery and shaped by breastmilk characteristics. Here we used a murine model of UC predisposition (Winnie-/-) to evaluate the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Using heterozygous breeders, we obtained both Winnie-/- and C57BL/6 littermates from the same mother and compared their microbiota at weaning and adult age, using a diet enriched with 1% tomato fruit of a line – named Bronze – highly enriched in bioactive polyphenols, or Control tomato. Females received enriched diets two weeks before the beginning of the breeding and never stopped for the following six months. No significant effect was observed in regard to the percentage of Winnie-/- offspring, as with both diets the percentage was about 25% as expected. Winnie littermates from breeders fed with the Bronze-enriched diet showed reduced dysbiosis at 4 weeks of age if compared with Winnie under the Control tomato diet. This effect was then reduced when mice reached adult age. Conversely, the microbiota of C57BL/6 does not change significantly, indicating that fortified mothers-diet significantly contribute to preventing dysbiosis in genetically predisposed offspring, but has mild effects on healthy littermates and adult mice. An overall tendency towards reduced inflammation was underlined by the colon weight and the percentage of Foxp3+ cells reduction in Winnie mice fed with Bronze diet. Control diet did not show similar tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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142
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Settanni CR, Bibbò S, Ianiro G, Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Gastrointestinal involvement of autism spectrum disorder: focus on gut microbiota. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:599-622. [PMID: 33356668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1869938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typical of early age, characterized by impaired communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. ASD patients frequently suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Neuro-psychological functions, intestinal homeostasis, and functional GI disturbances are modulated by the gut microbiota through the so-called 'microbiota-gut-brain axis'. AREAS COVERED Literature regarding GI symptoms among the ASD community as well as the involvement and modulation of the gut microbiota in GI disturbances of ASD patients was searched. Constipation, diarrhea, reflux, abdominal bloating, pain, and discomfort are reported with variable prevalence. ASD is characterized by a reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes, of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and other imbalances. ASD patients with GI symptoms present microbial changes with plausible relation with deficiency of digestive enzymes, carbohydrate malabsorption, selective eating, bacterial toxins, serotonin metabolism, and inflammation. The strategies to mitigate the GI distress through the gut microbiota modulation comprise antimicrobials, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. EXPERT OPINION The modulation of the gut microbiota in ASD individuals with GI disturbances seems a promising target for the future medicine. A standardization of the research strategies for large-scale studies together with a focus on poorly explored fields is necessary to strengthen this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Romano Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
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143
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Lyu W, Yang H, Li N, Lu L, Yang C, Jin P, Xiao Y. Molecular characterization, developmental expression, and modulation of occludin by early intervention with Clostridium butyricum in Muscovy ducks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101271. [PMID: 34214748 PMCID: PMC8258698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Occludin is an important component of tight junction proteins and has been extensively studied in animals such as mice, chickens, geese, and pigs. As one of the most important waterfowl species in China, Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is an important economic animal for meat. However, research on the occludin gene in Muscovy duck is lacking. In the present study, Muscovy duck occludin cDNA was cloned for the first time. The length of the cDNA was 1,699 bp, and it showed a high sequence similarity with the Anser cygnoides domesticus and Gallus gallus occludin genes. The occludin gene was differentially expressed in the tissues of healthy ducks. The highest and lowest expressions of occludin were observed in the crop and the spleen, respectively. After the oral administration of Clostridium butyricum (CB), the occludin expression in the ileum of 7-day-old Muscovy ducks was significantly upregulated and subsequently showed a decreasing trend in 14-day-old Muscovy ducks. Under the early intervention of CB, no significant difference was observed in the occludin expression of cecum between the control and CB group. Collectively, these results suggest that CB plays an important role in regulating the expression of the occludin gene in Muscovy ducks, and adding CB in feed may maintain the intestinal barrier of ducks by regulating the expression of occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peihua Jin
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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144
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McElrath C, Espinosa V, Lin JD, Peng J, Sridhar R, Dutta O, Tseng HC, Smirnov SV, Risman H, Sandoval MJ, Davra V, Chang YJ, Pollack BP, Birge RB, Galan M, Rivera A, Durbin JE, Kotenko SV. Critical role of interferons in gastrointestinal injury repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2624. [PMID: 33976143 PMCID: PMC8113246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ulcerative colitis is poorly understood and is likely to involve perturbation of the complex interactions between the mucosal immune system and the commensal bacteria of the gut, with cytokines acting as important cross-regulators. Here we use IFN receptor-deficient mice in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute intestinal injury to study the contributions of type I and III interferons (IFN) to the initiation, progression and resolution of acute colitis. We find that mice lacking both types of IFN receptors exhibit enhanced barrier destruction, extensive loss of goblet cells and diminished proliferation of epithelial cells in the colon following DSS-induced damage. Impaired mucosal healing in double IFN receptor-deficient mice is driven by decreased amphiregulin expression, which IFN signaling can up-regulate in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment. Together, these data underscore the pleiotropic functions of IFNs and demonstrate that these critical antiviral cytokines also support epithelial regeneration following acute colonic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance McElrath
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian-Da Lin
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianya Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raghavendra Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Orchi Dutta
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergey V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi Risman
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marvin J Sandoval
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Office of Advance Research Computing, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Galan
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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145
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Abstract
Commensal microbial communities have immense effects on their vertebrate hosts, contributing to a number of physiological functions, as well as host fitness. In particular, host immunity is strongly linked to microbiota composition through poorly understood bi-directional links. Gene expression may be a potential mediator of these links between microbial communities and host function. However, few studies have investigated connections between microbiota composition and expression of host immune genes in complex systems. Here, we leverage a large study of laboratory-raised fish from the species Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) to document correlations between gene expression and microbiome composition. First, we examined correlations between microbiome alpha diversity and gene expression. Our results demonstrate robust positive associations between microbial alpha diversity and expression of host immune genes. Next, we examined correlations between host gene expression and abundance of microbial taxa. We identified 15 microbial families that were highly correlated with host gene expression. These families were all tightly correlated with host expression of immune genes and processes, falling into one of three categories—those positively correlated, negatively correlated, and neutrally related to immune processes. Furthermore, we highlight several important immune processes that are commonly associated with the abundance of these taxa, including both macrophage and B cell functions. Further functional characterization of microbial taxa will help disentangle the mechanisms of the correlations described here. In sum, our study supports prevailing hypotheses of intimate links between host immunity and gut microbiome composition.
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146
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Qin T, Fu J, Verkade HJ. The role of the gut microbiome in graft fibrosis after pediatric liver transplantation. Hum Genet 2021; 140:709-724. [PMID: 32920649 PMCID: PMC8052232 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving option for children with end-stage liver disease. However, about 50% of patients develop graft fibrosis in 1 year after LT, with normal liver function. Graft fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis, resulting in graft dysfunction and ultimately the need for re-transplantation. Previous studies have identified various risk factors for the post-LT fibrogenesis, however, to date, neither of the factors seems to fully explain the cause of graft fibrosis. Recently, evidence has accumulated on the important role of the gut microbiome in outcomes after solid organ transplantation. As an altered microbiome is present in pediatric patients with end-stage liver diseases, we hypothesize that the persisting alterations in microbial composition or function contribute to the development of graft fibrosis, for example by bacteria translocation due to increased intestinal permeability, imbalanced bile acids metabolism, and/or decreased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Subsequently, an immune response can be activated in the graft, together with the stimulation of fibrogenesis. Here we review current knowledge about the potential mechanisms by which alterations in microbial composition or function may lead to graft fibrosis in pediatric LT and we provide prospective views on the efficacy of gut microbiome manipulation as a therapeutic target to alleviate the graft fibrosis and to improve long-term survival after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, Research Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, Research Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, Research Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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147
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Zhou R, He D, Xie J, Zhou Q, Zeng H, Li H, Huang L. The Synergistic Effects of Polysaccharides and Ginsenosides From American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) Ameliorating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Immune Disorders and Gut Barrier Dysfunctions Based on Microbiome-Metabolomics Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665901. [PMID: 33968068 PMCID: PMC8100215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX), used in cancer chemotherapy, a high dose of which would cause immunosuppressive effect and intestinal mucosa damage. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has a long history of functional food use for immunological disorder, colitis, cancer, and so on. This study aimed to illustrate the underlying mechanism of American ginseng’s immunomodulatory effect in CTX-induced mice. In this study, all groups of American ginseng (American ginseng polysaccharide [AGP], American ginseng ginsenoside [AGG], co-treated with American ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside [AGP_AGG]) have relieve the immune disorder by reversing the lymphocyte subsets ratio in spleen and peripheral blood, as well as stimulating CD4+T cells and IgA-secreting cells in small intestine. These three treatment groups, especially AGP_AGG co-treated group recovered the intestine morphology that up-regulated villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio, areas of mucins expression, quantity of goblet cells, and expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin). Importantly, the microbiome-metabolomics analysis was applied in this study to illustrate the possible immuno-modulating mechanism. The synergistic effect of polysaccharides and ginsenosides (AGP_AGG group) restored the gut microbiota composition and increased various beneficial mucosa-associated bacterial taxa Clostridiales, Bifidobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae, while decreased harmful bacteria Escherichia-Shigella and Peptococcaceae. Also, AGP_AGG group altered various fecal metabolites such as uric acid, xanthurenic acid, acylcarnitine, 9,10-DHOME, 13-HDoHE, LysoPE15:0, LysoPC 16:0, LysoPI 18:0, and so on, that associated with immunometabolism or protective effect of gut barrier. These results suggest AG, particularly co-treated of polysaccharide and ginsenoside may be used as immunostimulants targeting microbiome-metabolomics axis to prevent CTX-induced side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan He
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyijun Zhou
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Insitute of Chinese Materia, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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148
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Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on the Intestinal Integrity and Function of Pigs and the Mitigation Capacity of Dietary Antioxidants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041135. [PMID: 33921090 PMCID: PMC8071411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly affects the performance of pigs by its induced stressors such as inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress (OS), which mightily strain the intestinal integrity and function of pigs. As heat stress progresses, several mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium involved in the absorption of nutrients and its protective functions are altered. Changes in these mechanisms are mainly driven by cellular oxidative stress, which promotes disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to intestinal permeability, emphasizing intestinal histology and morphology with little possibility of recovering even after exposure to HS. Identification and understanding of these altered mechanisms are crucial for providing appropriate intervention strategies. Therefore, it is this papers' objective to review the important components for intestinal integrity that are negatively affected by HS and its induced stressors. With due consideration to the amelioration of such effects through nutritional intervention, this work will also look into the capability of dietary antioxidants in mitigating such adverse effects and maintaining the intestine's integrity and function upon the pigs' exposure to high environmental temperature.
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149
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Wang J, Zhao H, Lv K, Zhao W, Zhang N, Yang F, Wen X, Jiang X, Tian J, Liu X, Ho CT, Li S. Pterostilbene Ameliorates DSS-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Loss in Mice via Suppression of the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-MLC Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3871-3878. [PMID: 33759516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal barrier is critical for homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of pterostilbene (PTE) on the intestinal epithelium barrier. In vitro results of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cells indicated that PTE counteracted tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced barrier damage. In vivo PTE pretreatment markedly ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Notably, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) molecules were restored by PTE in mice exposed to DSS. The mechanism study revealed that PTE prevented myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) from driving phosphorylation of MLC (p-MLC), which is crucial for maintaining intestinal TJ stability. Furthermore, PTE blunted translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 into the nucleus to downregulate MLCK expression and then to safeguard TJs and barrier integrity. These findings suggest that PTE protected the intestinal epithelial barrier through the NF-κB- MLCK/p-MLC signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingrui Tian
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing100024, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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150
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Singh TP, Natraj BH. Next-generation probiotics: a promising approach towards designing personalized medicine. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:479-498. [PMID: 33822669 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1902940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Second brain, forgotten organ, individual's identity card, and host's fingerprint are the few collective terms that are often used to describe the gut microbiome because of its variability, accountability, and its role in deciding the host's health. Also, the understanding of this host health-gut microbiota relationship can create an opportunity to control an individual's health by manipulating the gut microbiota composition. Several approaches like administration of probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation have been tried to mitigate the dysbiosis originated ill effects. But the effects of these approaches are highly generic and non-specific. This creates the necessity to design personalized medicine that focuses on treatment of specific disease considering the individual specific gut microbiome. The health promoting commensals could be the new promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents for designing personalized medicine. These commensals are designated as next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their unusual characteristics, unknown identity and special growth requirements have presented difficulties for researcher, industrial exploitation, and regulatory agencies. In this perspective, this review discusses the concept of NGPs, NGP candidates as tool for designing personalized medicine, designer probiotics as NGPs, required regulatory framework, and propose a road map to develop the NGP based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Department, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
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