101
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Riontino L, Cavallero C. Impact of sleep deprivation on attentional networks: disentangling orienting components. Brain Cogn 2022; 159:105863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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Halverson T, Myers CW, Gearhart JM, Linakis MW, Gunzelmann G. Physiocognitive Modeling: Explaining the Effects of Caffeine on Fatigue. Top Cogn Sci 2022; 14:860-872. [DOI: 10.1111/tops.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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103
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Maski K, Worhach J, Steinhart E, Boduch M, Morse AM, Strunc M, Scammell T, Owens J, Jesteadt L, Crisp C, Williams D, Sideridis G. Development and Validation of the Pediatric Hypersomnolence Survey. Neurology 2022; 98:e1964-e1975. [PMID: 35314496 PMCID: PMC9141629 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia usually begin in early adolescence, but diagnostic delays ranging from 5 to 10 years are common, affecting disease burden. To improve early identification of these treatable conditions, we developed and validated the Pediatric Hypersomnolence Survey (PHS). METHODS Content was developed through literature review, patient focus groups, interviews with experts in the field, and field testing. We then validated the 14-item self-reported survey across 3 hospitals and web recruitment from patient groups. In the validation phase, we recruited a total of 331 participants (patients with narcolepsy type 1 [n = 64], narcolepsy type 2 [n = 34], idiopathic hypersomnia [n = 36], and other sleep disorders [n = 97] and healthy controls [n = 100], ages 8-18 years) to complete the survey. We assessed a range of psychometric properties, including discriminant diagnostic validity for CNS disorders of hypersomnolence using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reliability across a 1-week period. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 4-domain solution with good reliability expressed by satisfactory omega values. Across groups, the PHS total score showed appropriate positive correlations with other validated surveys of sleepiness (r = 0.65-0.78, p < 0.001) and negative correlations with multiple sleep latency test measures (mean sleep latency: r = -0.27, p = 0.006; number of sleep-onset REM periods: r = 0.26, p = 0.007). Compared to controls and patients with other sleep disorders, the area under the curve for participants with narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia was 0.87 (standard error 0.02, 95% CI 0.83-0.91) with high sensitivity (81.3, 95% CI 73.7%-87.5%) and specificity (81.2%, 95 CI 75.1%-86.4%). Test-retest reliability was r = 0.87. DISCUSSION The PHS is a valid and reliable tool for clinicians to identify pediatric patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Implemented in clinical practice, the PHS will potentially decrease diagnostic delays and time to treatment, ultimately reducing disease burden for these debilitating conditions. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that the PHS accurately identifies patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maski
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Jennifer Worhach
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Erin Steinhart
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Madeline Boduch
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Anne Marie Morse
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Michael Strunc
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Thomas Scammell
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Judith Owens
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Lindsay Jesteadt
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Claire Crisp
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - David Williams
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | - Georgios Sideridis
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., J.W., M.B., T.S., J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital (E.S.), Boston; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Norfolk, VA; Department of Neurology (T.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; 6. Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc (L.J., C.C.), Worcester; and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (D.W., G.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
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104
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Sun J, Zhao R, He Z, Chang M, Wang F, Wei W, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Xi Y, Yang X, Qin W. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity after sleep deprivation from temporal variability perspective. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3824-3839. [PMID: 35524680 PMCID: PMC9294309 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is very common in modern society and regarded as a potential causal mechanism of several clinical disorders. Previous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of SD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from static (comparing two MRI sessions [one after SD and one after resting wakefulness]) and dynamic (using repeated MRI during one night of SD) perspectives. Recent SD researches have focused on the dynamic functional brain organization during the resting-state scan. Our present study adopted a novel metric (temporal variability), which has been successfully applied to many clinical diseases, to examine the dynamic functional connectivity after SD in 55 normal young subjects. We found that sleep-deprived subjects showed increased regional-level temporal variability in large-scale brain regions, and decreased regional-level temporal variability in several thalamus subregions. After SD, participants exhibited enhanced intra-network temporal variability in the default mode network (DMN) and increased inter-network temporal variability in numerous subnetwork pairs. Furthermore, we found that the inter-network temporal variability between visual network and DMN was negative related with the slowest 10% respond speed (β = -.42, p = 5.57 × 10-4 ) of the psychomotor vigilance test after SD following the stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that sleep-deprived subjects showed abnormal dynamic brain functional configuration, which provides new insights into the neural underpinnings of SD and contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang He
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Chang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fumin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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105
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A vigilance decrement comes along with an executive control decrement: Testing the resource-control theory. Psychon Bull Rev 2022; 29:1831-1843. [PMID: 35477850 PMCID: PMC9568446 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in vigilance over time is often observed when performing prolonged tasks, a phenomenon known as “vigilance decrement.” The present study aimed at testing some of the critical predictions of the resource-control theory about the vigilance decrement. Specifically, the theory predicts that the vigilance decrement is mainly due to a drop in executive control, which fails to keep attentional resources on the external task, thus devoting a larger number of resources to mind-wandering across time-on-task. Datasets gathered from a large sample size (N = 617) who completed the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance—executive and arousal components in Luna, Roca, Martín-Arévalo, and Lupiáñez (2021b, Behavior Research Methods, 53[3], 1124–1147) were reanalyzed to test whether executive control decreases across time in a vigilance task and whether the vigilance decrement comes along with the decrement in executive control. Vigilance was examined as two dissociated components: executive vigilance, as the ability to detect infrequent critical signals, and arousal vigilance, as the maintenance of a fast reaction to stimuli. The executive control decrement was evidenced by a linear increase in the interference effect for mean reaction time, errors, and the inverse efficiency score. Critically, interindividual differences showed that the decrease in the executive—but not in the arousal—component of vigilance was modulated by the change in executive control across time-on-task, thus supporting the predictions of the resource-control theory. Nevertheless, given the small effect sizes observed in our large sample size, the present outcomes suggest further consideration of the role of executive control in resource-control theory.
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106
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Kim SK, Yong SY. Relationship Between Poor Sleep Quality and Injury Experience in Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:537-546. [PMID: 35392671 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221088619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To develop preventive policies to reduce injuries, the responsible factors should be identified. In this study, causative factors were identified by analyzing data from the Korean Community Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data of 192 480 individuals in the survey. Correlations were found between the injury experience and the following socioeconomic factors: age, sex, monthly income, smoking status, education, marital status, and neuropsychiatric factors: depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and stress. The study subjects were divided into two groups based on sleep quality, as determined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indices of ≤5 or >5. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders revealed a correlation between sleep quality and injury experience. The odds ratio (OR) of poor sleep quality was associated with higher odds of injury (OR: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [1.19, 1.34]), and it was also associated with higher odds of severe injury (OR: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [1.15, 1.32]), even in the adjustment of socioeconomic factors only as well as in the adjustment of socioeconomic and neuropsychiatric factors. Poor sleep quality was associated with higher odds of several injury mechanisms of severe injury, such as slipping, poisoning, and falling into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Yong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,IOC Research Centre Korea, Republic of Korea
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107
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Grandner MA. Sleep, Health, and Society. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:117-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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108
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Schumann F, Steinborn MB, Kürten J, Cao L, Händel BF, Huestegge L. Restoration of Attention by Rest in a Multitasking World: Theory, Methodology, and Empirical Evidence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:867978. [PMID: 35432083 PMCID: PMC9010884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the status of both theory and empirical evidence in the field of experimental rest-break research based on a framework that combines mental-chronometry and psychometric-measurement theory. To this end, we (1) provide a taxonomy of rest breaks according to which empirical studies can be classified (e.g., by differentiating between long, short, and micro-rest breaks based on context and temporal properties). Then, we (2) evaluate the theorizing in both the basic and applied fields of research and explain how popular concepts (e.g., ego depletion model, opportunity cost theory, attention restoration theory, action readiness, etc.) relate to each other in contemporary theoretical debates. Here, we highlight differences between all these models in the light of two symbolic categories, termed the resource-based and satiation-based model, including aspects related to the dynamics and the control (strategic or non-strategic) mechanisms at work. Based on a critical assessment of existing methodological and theoretical approaches, we finally (3) provide a set of guidelines for both theory building and future empirical approaches to the experimental study of rest breaks. We conclude that a psychometrically advanced and theoretically focused research of rest and recovery has the potential to finally provide a sound scientific basis to eventually mitigate the adverse effects of ever increasing task demands on performance and well-being in a multitasking world at work and leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schumann
- Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | | | - Jens Kürten
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liyu Cao
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lynn Huestegge
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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109
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Detection of alertness-related EEG signals based on decision fused BP neural network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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110
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Sunde E, Mrdalj J, Pedersen TT, Bjorvatn B, Grønli J, Harris A, Waage S, Pallesen S. Bright light exposure during simulated night work improves cognitive flexibility. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:948-963. [PMID: 35343353 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Night work leads to sleepiness and reduced vigilant attention during work hours, and bright light interventions may reduce such effects. It is also known that total sleep deprivation impairs cognitive flexibility as measured by reversal learning tasks. Whether night work impairs reversal learning task performance or if bright light can mitigate reversal learning deficits during night work is unclear. In this counterbalanced crossover study (ClinicaTrials.gov Identifier NCT03203538), young healthy individuals completed a reversal learning task twice during each of three consecutive simulated night shifts (23:00-07:00 h). The night shifts were performed in a laboratory under a full-spectrum (4000 K) bright light (~900 lx) and a standard light (~90 lx) condition. Reversal learning task performance was reduced towards the end of the night shifts (04:50 h), compared to the first part of the night shifts (00:20 h) in both light conditions. However, with bright light, the reversal learning task performance improved towards the end of the night shifts, compared to standard light. The study shows that bright light may mitigate performance deficits on a reversal learning task during night work and implies that bright light interventions during night work may be beneficial not only for vigilant attention but also for cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Sunde
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torhild T Pedersen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Grønli
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia Research Focus Arena, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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111
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Du J, Huang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhang R, Xiao L, Xu J, Wang H, Su T, Tang Y. Planning Ability and Alertness After Nap Deprivation: Beneficial Effects of Acute Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Greater Than Sitting Naps. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861923. [PMID: 35400075 PMCID: PMC8987024 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nap deprivation is regarded as a sleep loss for habitual nappers. The beneficial effects of napping and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the reduction in planning ability following nighttime sleep deprivation have been proven. However, it is still unknown whether it can improve the performance decline caused by daytime nap deprivation in habitual nappers. Seventy-four healthy adults who had a long-term habit of taking naps were assigned to three interventions after receiving nap deprivation: (1) Control group (no intervention); (2) Nap group (15-min sitting naps); (3) Exercise group (15-min aerobic exercise), in which subjective alertness, mood, fatigue, and task performance in objective alertness (Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT) and planning ability (the Tower of London Task) were measured. Results showed that nap deprivation negatively influenced some performance on the psychomotor vigilance (i.e., response times and 10% slowest response time) and planning ability (i.e., planning time). And acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improved psychomotor alertness (i.e., response times) and planning ability (i.e., execution accuracy, execution time), a 15-min sitting naps only alleviated subjective fatigue, whereas some performance (i.e., response times) deteriorated when no intervention was used. These findings suggested that acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has a better restorative effect on the reduced planning ability and objective alertness due to nap deprivation compared to sitting naps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruike Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxiang Tang
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112
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Orna T, Efrat B. Sleep Loss, Daytime Sleepiness, and Neurobehavioral Performance among Adolescents: A Field Study. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:160-171. [PMID: 35323169 PMCID: PMC8947444 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the impact of sleep loss on neurobehavioral functioning and sleepiness in a natural setting among healthy adolescents. Fifty-nine adolescents (32 females) from grades 7 to 12 (mean age of 16.29 ± 1.86 years) participated in the study. All participants wore the actigraph for a continuous five to seven days, including school and nonschool days. Subjective sleepiness and neurobehavioral performance (using the psychomotor vigilance test and the digit symbol substitution test) were measured three times a day on two school days and one nonschool day. The results presented that sleep loss influenced subjective sleepiness reports, showing higher sleepiness scores following sleep loss than following sufficient night sleep. Neurobehavioral functioning across all measurements was also significantly worse following sleep loss. Furthermore, participants performed worse on weekday morning assessments than on assessments at other times of the day following sleep loss. These findings suggest that sleep loss in natural settings has a significant impact on neurobehavioral performance and subjective sleepiness. Our findings have essential implications for public policy on school schedules.
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113
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Antler CA, Yamazaki EM, Casale CE, Brieva TE, Goel N. The 3-Minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test Demonstrates Inadequate Convergent Validity Relative to the 10-Minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test Across Sleep Loss and Recovery. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:815697. [PMID: 35242006 PMCID: PMC8885985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.815697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a widely used behavioral attention measure, with the 10-min (PVT-10) and 3-min (PVT-3) as two commonly used versions. The PVT-3 may be comparable to the PVT-10, though its convergent validity relative to the PVT-10 has not been explicitly assessed. For the first time, we utilized repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) to evaluate intra-individual associations between PVT-10 and PVT-3 versions across total sleep deprivation (TSD), chronic sleep restriction (SR) and multiple consecutive days of recovery. Eighty-three healthy adults (mean ± SD, 34.7 ± 8.9 years; 36 females) received two baseline nights (B1-B2), five SR nights (SR1-SR5), 36 h TSD, and four recovery nights (R1-R4) between sleep loss conditions. The PVT-10 and PVT-3 were completed every 2 h during wakefulness. Rmcorr compared responses on two frequently used, sensitive PVT metrics: reaction time (RT) via response speed (1/RT) and lapses (RT > 500 ms on the PVT-10 and > 355 ms on the PVT-3) by day (e.g., B2), by study phase (e.g., SR1-SR5), and by time point (1000-2000 h). PVT 1/RT correlations were generally stronger than those for lapses. The majority of correlations (48/50 [96%] for PVT lapses and 38/50 [76%] for PVT 1/RT) were values below 0.70, indicating validity issues. Overall, the PVT-3 demonstrated inadequate convergent validity with the "gold standard" PVT-10 across two different types of sleep loss and across extended recovery. Thus, the PVT-3 is not interchangeable with the PVT-10 for assessing behavioral attention performance during sleep loss based on the design of our study and the metrics we evaluated. Our results have substantial implications for design and measure selection in laboratory and applied settings, including those involving sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Antler
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erika M Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Courtney E Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tess E Brieva
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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114
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Ganesan S, Manousakis JE, Mulhall MD, Sletten TL, Tucker A, Howard ME, Anderson C, Rajaratnam SMW. Sleep, alertness and performance across a first and a second night shift in mining haul truck drivers. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:769-780. [PMID: 35176952 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2034838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of first and second night shift work on sleep and performance in mining haul truck drivers. Sleep-wake patterns were monitored using wrist actigraphy. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) and a truck simulator were administered at the start and end of the first (N1) or second (N2) night shift (19:00-07:00 h). Participants were categorised into those who demonstrated a decline in performance (increase of one or more PVT lapses [reaction time >500 msec] from the start to the end of shift) or those who did not demonstrate a decline in performance (no increase in lapses) from the start to the end of shift. Total sleep time (TST) was longer in the 24 h prior to N1 (9.05 ± 1.49 h) compared to N2 (5.38 ± 1.32 h). PVT lapses and the slowest 10% of reaction times were similar at the start and end of N1, while greater impairments on these outcomes were observed at the end of N2 compared to the end of N1 (p < .05). In contrast, subjective sleepiness was equally impaired at the end of both night shifts. PVT performance (lapses and slowest 10% of reaction times) and drive violations demonstrated a similar direction of change on N1 and N2. Participants who demonstrated a decline in performance showed reduced TST in the 48 h prior to shifts compared to those who demonstrated no decline in performance across the shift. Likely due to short sleep prior, the end of N2 was associated with pronounced performance impairments on the PVT and drive violations compared to the start of the shift. The findings suggest that drive violations may be more sensitive to sleep loss compared to the other driving measures examined in this study. This study also emphasizes the need for adequate recovery sleep between night shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranea Ganesan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
| | - Jessica E Manousakis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Megan D Mulhall
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
| | - Andrew Tucker
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia
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115
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Working around the Clock: Is a Person’s Endogenous Circadian Timing for Optimal Neurobehavioral Functioning Inherently Task-Dependent? Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:23-36. [PMID: 35225951 PMCID: PMC8883919 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobehavioral task performance is modulated by the circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep/wake regulation. Biomathematical modeling of the temporal dynamics of these processes and their interaction allows for prospective prediction of performance impairment in shift-workers and provides a basis for fatigue risk management in 24/7 operations. It has been reported, however, that the impact of the circadian rhythm—and in particular its timing—is inherently task-dependent, which would have profound implications for our understanding of the temporal dynamics of neurobehavioral functioning and the accuracy of biomathematical model predictions. We investigated this issue in a laboratory study designed to unambiguously dissociate the influences of the circadian and homeostatic processes on neurobehavioral performance, as measured during a constant routine protocol preceded by three days on either a simulated night shift or a simulated day shift schedule. Neurobehavioral functions were measured every 3 h using three functionally distinct assays: a digit symbol substitution test, a psychomotor vigilance test, and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. After dissociating the circadian and homeostatic influences and accounting for inter-individual variability, peak circadian performance occurred in the late biological afternoon (in the “wake maintenance zone”) for all three neurobehavioral assays. Our results are incongruent with the idea of inherent task-dependent differences in the endogenous circadian impact on performance. Rather, our results suggest that neurobehavioral functions are under top-down circadian control, consistent with the way they are accounted for in extant biomathematical models.
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116
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Pesoli M, Rucco R, Liparoti M, Lardone A, D'Aurizio G, Minino R, Troisi Lopez E, Paccone A, Granata C, Curcio G, Sorrentino G, Mandolesi L, Sorrentino P. A night of sleep deprivation alters brain connectivity and affects specific executive functions. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1025-1034. [PMID: 34244891 PMCID: PMC8789640 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental physiological process necessary for efficient cognitive functioning especially in relation to memory consolidation and executive functions, such as attentional and switching abilities. The lack of sleep strongly alters the connectivity of some resting-state networks, such as default mode network and attentional network. In this study, by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and specific cognitive tasks, we investigated how brain topology and cognitive functioning are affected by 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Thirty-two young men underwent resting-state MEG recording and evaluated in letter cancellation task (LCT) and task switching (TS) before and after SD. Results showed a worsening in the accuracy and speed of execution in the LCT and a reduction of reaction times in the TS, evidencing thus a worsening of attentional but not of switching abilities. Moreover, we observed that 24 h of SD induced large-scale rearrangements in the functional network. These findings evidence that 24 h of SD is able to alter brain connectivity and selectively affects cognitive domains which are under the control of different brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rucco
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lardone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Aurizio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Minino
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Paccone
- Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Granata
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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117
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Effort Mobilization and Lapses of Sustained Attention. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:42-56. [PMID: 34410617 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether effort mobilization would enhance sustained attention and reduce lapses of attention. Participants performed a sustained attention task and were randomly assigned to either an effort condition where they were instructed to "Try Hard" on a subset of trials or were assigned to a control condition with no "Try Hard" instructions. Pupillary responses were continuously recorded, and periodically during the task participants were presented with thought probes to determine whether they were on or off task. The results suggested within the effort condition there were no behavioral differences between Try Hard and "Standard" trials. Preparatory pupil responses were increased in Try Hard trials, but there were no differences for phasic pupillary responses to stimulus onset. In contrast, examining differences between the effort and control conditions suggested that participants who received the Try Hard instructions demonstrated faster overall performance, a reduction in very long reaction times, and reported fewer off-task thoughts compared with participants in the control condition. Participants in the effort condition also demonstrated a larger ramp-up in pupillary responses during the preparatory interval and a larger phasic response to stimulus onset compared with participants in the control condition. These results are consistent with attention allocation models suggesting that participants in the effort condition mobilized more attentional effort than participants in the control condition, resulting in enhanced sustained attention and a reduction in lapses of attention. These results also are consistent with recent theories, which suggest that the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system is associated with effort mobilization.
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118
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Burgess JL, Bradley AJ, Anderson KN, Gallagher P, McAllister-Williams RH. The relationship between physical activity, BMI, circadian rhythm, and sleep with cognition in bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:467-475. [PMID: 32597742 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000210x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits affect a significant proportion of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Problems with sustained attention have been found independent of mood state and the causes are unclear. We aimed to investigate whether physical parameters such as activity levels, sleep, and body mass index (BMI) may be contributing factors. METHODS Forty-six patients with BD and 42 controls completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and wore a triaxial accelerometer for 21 days which collected information on physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Ex-Gaussian analyses were used to characterise reaction time distributions. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine whether physical activity, BMI, circadian rhythm, and sleep predicted variance in the performance of cognitive tasks. RESULTS Neither physical activity, BMI, nor circadian rhythm predicted significant variance on any of the cognitive tasks. However, the presence of a sleep abnormality significantly predicted a higher intra-individual variability of the reaction time distributions on the Attention Network Task. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there is an association between sleep abnormalities and cognition in BD, with little or no relationship with physical activity, BMI, and circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Burgess
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
| | - Andrew J Bradley
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
| | - Kirstie N Anderson
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
| | - P Gallagher
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
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119
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Siraji MA, Kalavally V, Schaefer A, Haque S. Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 12:765750. [PMID: 35069337 PMCID: PMC8766646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a systematic review conducted on articles examining the effects of daytime electric light exposure on alertness and higher cognitive functions. For this, we selected 59 quantitative research articles from 11 online databases. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020157603). The results showed that both short-wavelength dominant light exposure and higher intensity white light exposure induced alertness. However, those influences depended on factors like the participants' homeostatic sleep drive and the time of day the participants received the light exposure. The relationship between light exposure and higher cognitive functions was not as straightforward as the alerting effect. The optimal light property for higher cognitive functions was reported dependent on other factors, such as task complexity and properties of control light. Among the studies with short-wavelength dominant light exposure, ten studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 7) reported beneficial effects on simple task performances (reaction time), and four studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) on complex task performances. Four studies with higher intensity white light exposure (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) reported beneficial effects on simple task performance and nine studies (morning: 5; afternoon: 4) on complex task performance. Short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher light intensity induced a beneficial effect on alertness and simple task performances. However, those effects did not hold for complex task performances. The results indicate the need for further studies to understand the influence of short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher illuminance on alertness and higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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120
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Chiu K, Lewis FC, Ashton R, Cornish KM, Johnson KA. Higher Tablet Use Is Associated With Better Sustained Attention Performance but Poorer Sleep Quality in School-Aged Children. Front Psychol 2022; 12:742468. [PMID: 35046864 PMCID: PMC8761987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are growing concerns that increased screen device usage may have a detrimental impact on classroom behaviour and attentional focus. The consequences of screen use on child cognitive functioning have been relatively under-studied, and results remain largely inconsistent. Screen usage may displace the time usually spent asleep. The aim of this study was to examine associations between screen use, behavioural inattention and sustained attention control, and the potential modifying role of sleep. The relations between screen use, behavioural inattention, sustained attention and sleep were investigated in 162 6- to 8-year-old children, using parent-reported daily screen use, the SWAN ADHD behaviour rating scale, The sustained attention to response task and the children’s sleep habits questionnaire. Tablet use was associated with better sustained attention performance but was not associated with classroom behavioural inattention. Shorter sleep duration was associated with poorer behavioural inattention and sustained attention. Sleep quality and duration did not act as mediators between screen usage and behavioural inattention nor sustained attention control. These findings suggest that careful management of the amount of time spent on electronic screen devices could have a beneficial cognitive impact on young children. The results also highlight the critical role of sleep in enhancing both behavioural attention and sustained attention, which are essential for supporting cognitive development and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chiu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances C Lewis
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Reeva Ashton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim M Cornish
- Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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121
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Trotti LM, Saini P, Bremer E, Mariano C, Moron D, Rye DB, Bliwise DL. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test as a measure of alertness and sleep inertia in people with central disorders of hypersomnolence. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1395-1403. [PMID: 35040431 PMCID: PMC9059588 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) manifest with daytime sleepiness, often accompanied by cognitive symptoms. Objective tests characterizing cognitive dysfunction may have diagnostic utility. Further, because some people with CDH report worsening cognition upon awakening, cognitive testing before and after napping may provide additional diagnostic information. METHODS CDH patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (n = 76), narcolepsy type 1 (n = 19), narcolepsy type 2 (n = 22), and self-reported excessive daytime sleepiness not meeting current diagnostic criteria (n = 76), and non-sleepy controls (n = 33) underwent testing with the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), a 10-minute reaction time test. A subset of participants underwent repeat testing during a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), before and immediately after naps 2 and 4. RESULTS Most PVT metrics were significantly better in controls than in patients with CDH. Minimal group differences in PVT performance were observed by CDH diagnosis. PVT performance was weakly correlated to Epworth and MSLT mean sleep latency in the CDH group. Before and after naps, PVT metrics were minimally different for controls, while PVT performance generally worsened following naps in the CDH group, with significant worsening compared to controls for nap 2 mean, median, lapses, and fastest 10% of responses, and nap 4 lapses and slowest 10% of responses. Change in performance did not differ based on CDH diagnostic group for any metric on either nap. CONCLUSIONS The PVT, at baseline and following a short nap, may provide adjunctive diagnostic utility in separating individuals with CDH from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Marie Trotti
- Emory Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Prabhjyot Saini
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Erin Bremer
- Nell Hobson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | - Danielle Moron
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - David B Rye
- Emory Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Donald L Bliwise
- Emory Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
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122
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Maghsoudipour M, Moradi R, Moghimi S, Ancoli-Israel S, DeYoung PN, Malhotra A. Time of day, time of sleep, and time on task effects on sleepiness and cognitive performance of bus drivers. Sleep Breath 2022; 26:1759-1769. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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123
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Jurgelis M, Boardman JM, Coxon JP, Drummond SPA, Chong TTJ. Sleep Restriction Reduces Cognitive but Not Physical Motivation. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:2001-2012. [PMID: 36394069 PMCID: PMC9642807 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s368335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Motivation is an important driver of behaviour, and several frameworks distinguish the willingness of individuals to invest cognitive versus physical effort to achieve a goal. One outstanding question is whether sleep loss lowers motivation within specific domains of effort, or has a global effect on motivation across multiple domains. Here, we investigated the effects of sleep restriction on the motivation to invest cognitive or physical effort in return for reward. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 healthy young adults (11 females) completed an effort-based decision-making task over two laboratory sessions - once while sleep restricted (three consecutive nights with a three-hour sleep opportunity), and the other while fully rested (nine-hour sleep opportunity on each night). In an initial reinforcement phase, participants were trained to ceiling performance across six levels of effort on separate cognitively and physically demanding tasks. Then, in the critical decision-making phase, participants revealed their preference for how much cognitive or physical effort they would be willing to invest for reward. RESULTS Sleep restriction reduced the willingness to exert cognitive effort, but spared motivation in the physical domain. Furthermore, the reduction in cognitive motivation appeared to be a primary motivational deficit, which could not be attributed to differences in reward-likelihood of different levels of effort or the temporal structure of the task. CONCLUSION The results suggest that sleep restriction has a selective effect on cognitive over physical motivation, which has significant implications for real-world settings in which individuals must maintain high levels of cognitive motivation in the face of chronic sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Jurgelis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Johanna M Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T J Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia
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124
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Klösch G, Zeitlhofer J, Ipsiroglu O. Revisiting the Concept of Vigilance. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874757. [PMID: 35774096 PMCID: PMC9237243 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigilance deficits can be observed after a period of prolonged, continuous wakefulness. In this context there has been extensive research targeting the impact of sleep deficits on different aspects of vigilance, but the underlying concept of vigilance was hardly ever addressed and discussed. One reason for this shortcoming is the unclear and ambiguous definition of the term vigilance, which is commonly used interchangeably with sustained attention and even wakefulness. This confusion is the result of a wide range of misleading definitions, starting in the 1940s, as psychologists redefined the concept of vigilance suggested by British Neurologist, Henry Head, in 1923. Nevertheless, the concept of vigilance is still useful and innovative, especially in treating sleep problems in children and young adults. This paper reviews the current usage of the term vigilance in sleep-wake-research and describes not only the benefits, but even more clearly, its limitations. By re-focusing on the definitions given by Henry Head, the concept of vigilance is an innovative way to gather new insights into the interplay between sleep- and daytime behaviors. In addition, future research on vigilance should consider three perspectives: 1st vigilance perceived as a process to allocate resources, 2nd vigilance associated with compensatory behaviors and 3rd the role of vigilance in human environmental interactions. This approach, understood as a conceptual framework, provides new perspectives by targeting sleep-wake behaviors as a 'real life' outcome measure, reflecting both physical and cognitive performance as well as sleep quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Zeitlhofer
- Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Osman Ipsiroglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,H-Behaviours Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lungeanu A, DeChurch LA, Contractor NS. Leading teams over time through space: Computational experiments on leadership network archetypes. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Du J, Wang Y, Xu S, Huang Y, Zhang R, Xiao L, Xu J, Wang H, Su T, Tang Y. Structural Model of Napping Motivation Among Chinese College Students Based on Self-Rating: Evidence from an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:843-853. [PMID: 35529049 PMCID: PMC9075905 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s349013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous epidemiological and psychological studies have assessed the effects of napping on individual performance and health. However, these studies did not distinguish between spontaneous and passive napping due to sleep disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential motivation for napping among Chinese college students and to assess the relationship between different nap motivations and sleep. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university in Shanghai in March 2021 using convenience sampling. A total of 564 Chinese college students with self-reported napping habits participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to analyze 34 self-rated motivations for napping to derive a potential structural model of napping motivation. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of nap motivation on sleep behavior. RESULTS Chinese college students mainly take naps to reduce fatigue, usually in the form of frequent and long naps (6.25 ± 1.24 days; 64.62 ± 23.70 min). A structural model of nap motivation named the I-DREAM model was proposed, consisting of six factors: restorative, induced, mindful, appetitive, dysregulative, and exercise naps. There were also sex differences in nap motivation, as women preferred restorative naps and appetitive naps, while men preferred exercise naps (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between nap motivation on nap duration, frequency and nighttime sleep quality (R2 = 2.70-18.9%). CONCLUSION The proposed I-DREAM model implies that there are population differences in napping motivation. Different motivations also have different relationships with napping patterns and nighttime sleep. In understanding the relationship between naps and health status, nap motivation may be an extremely important influencing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruike Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The effects of distraction on responses manifest in three ways: prolonged reaction times, and increased error and response omission rates. However, the latter effect is often ignored or assumed to be due to a separate cognitive process. We investigated omissions occurring in two paradigms that manipulated distraction. One required simple stimulus detection of younger participants, the second required choice responses and was completed by both younger and older participants. We fit data from these paradigms with a model that identifies three causes of omissions: two are related to the process of accumulating the evidence on which a response is based: intrinsic omissions (due to between-trial variation in accumulation rates making it impossible to ever reach the evidence threshold) and design omissions (due to response windows that cause slow responses not to be recorded; a third, contaminant omissions, allows for a cause unrelated to the response process. In both data sets systematic differences in omission rates across conditions were accounted for by task-related omissions. Intrinsic omissions played a lesser role than design omissions, even though the presence of design omissions was not evident in descriptive analyses of the data. The model provided an accurate account of all aspects of the detection data and the choice-response data, but slightly underestimated overall omissions in the choice paradigm, particularly in older participants, suggesting that further investigation of contaminant omission effects is needed.
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Cognitive load mitigates the executive but not the arousal vigilance decrement. Conscious Cogn 2021; 98:103263. [PMID: 34954544 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown opposite effects of dual tasking on the vigilance decrement phenomenon. We examined the executive (i.e., detecting infrequent critical signals) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction to stimuli without much control on responses) vigilance decrements as a function of task load. Ninety-six participants performed either a single signal-detection (i.e., executive vigilance) task, a single reaction time (i.e., arousal vigilance) task, or a dual vigilance task with the same stimuli and procedure. All participants self-reported their fatigue' state along the session. Exploratory analyses included data from a previous study with a triple task condition. Task load significantly modulated the executive but not the arousal vigilance decrement. Interestingly, the largest increase in mental fatigue was observed in the single executive vigilance task condition. We discuss limitations of classic vigilance theories to account for the vigilance decrement and changes in mental fatigue as a function of task load.
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Tartar JL, Banks JB, Marang M, Pizzo F, Antonio J. A Combination of Caffeine, TeaCrine® (Theacrine), and Dynamine® (Methylliberine) Increases Cognitive Performance and Reaction Time Without Interfering With Mood in Adult Male Egamers. Cureus 2021; 13:e20534. [PMID: 35103121 PMCID: PMC8768451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Involvement in video game activities and competitive video gaming (esports) is a rapidly growing field. Moreover, there is a marked interest in identifying nutritional supplements to safely improve egamer performance. Methodology We conducted a repeated-measure, randomized crossover study to compare the effects of caffeine (125 mg), caffeine (125 mg) + Dynamine® (75 mg) + TeaCrine® (50 mg) (CDT), and matched placebo across three testing sessions (one week apart) among 50 young male egamers. We tested the effect of each product on multiple measures of cognition, self-reported mood (anxiety, alertness, and headache), and biomarkers of arousal (cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase). We also measured electroencephalogram power during the cognitive tasks. Finally, we tested whether individual differences in xenobiotic metabolism would affect the study outcome measures by genotyping each participant for cytochrome P450 1A2*1F (CYP1A2*1F) allele status. Results Compared to pre-dose, CDT improved performance on the Flanker Test of Inhibitory Control and improved reaction time on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task post-dose. Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased self-reported anxiety whereas the CDT combination increased self-reported alertness. Compared to the CDT combination, caffeine increased self-reported headaches. Physiological measures suggested that increases in delta EEG power and cortisol production are associated with the effects observed in the CDT condition to optimize certain aspects of egamer performance. CYP1A2*1F allele status did not moderate outcome variables between conditions in this study. Conclusions CDT is a safe and effective product for improving cognitive performance among egamers without increasing self-reported anxiety or headaches. EEG changes demonstrate that CDT increased attention to internal processing (i.e., increased cortical delta power) and potentially increased cognitive control (i.e., increased cortical theta frequency), while the increases in cortisol suggest increased energy mobilization. Future work should aim to clarify the physiological underpinnings of CDT-induced changes in performance and examine the effects of CDT under naturalistic egamer conditions.
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130
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Reckweg J, Mason NL, van Leeuwen C, Toennes SW, Terwey TH, Ramaekers JG. A Phase 1, Dose-Ranging Study to Assess Safety and Psychoactive Effects of a Vaporized 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyltryptamine Formulation (GH001) in Healthy Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760671. [PMID: 34912222 PMCID: PMC8667866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a tryptamine with ultra-rapid onset and short duration of psychedelic effects. Prospective studies for other tryptamines have suggested beneficial effects on mental health outcomes. In preparation for a study in patients with depression, the present study GH001-HV-101 aimed to assess the impact of four different dose levels of a novel vaporized 5-MeO-DMT formulation (GH001) administered via inhalation as single doses of 2 (N = 4), 6 (N = 6), 12 (N = 4) and 18 mg (N = 4), and in an individualized dose escalation regimen (N = 4) on the safety, tolerability, and the dose-related psychoactive effects in healthy volunteers (N = 22). The psychedelic experience was assessed with a novel Peak Experience Scale (PES), the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), the Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), and the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC). Further aims were to assess the impact of 5-MeO-DMT on cognitive functioning, mood, and well-being. Higher doses of 5-MeO-DMT produced significant increments in the intensity of the psychedelic experience ratings as compared to the lowest 2 mg dose on all questionnaires, except the CEQ. Prominent effects were observed following single doses of 6, 12, and 18 mg on PES and MEQ ratings, while maximal effects on PES, MEQ, EDI, and 5D-ASC ratings were observed following individualized dose escalation of 5-MeO-DMT. Measures of cognition, mood, and well-being were not affected by 5-MeO-DMT. Vital signs at 1 and 3 h after administration were not affected and adverse events were generally mild and resolved spontaneously. Individualized dose escalation of 5-MeO-DMT may be preferable over single dose administration for clinical applications that aim to maximize the experience to elicit a strong therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reckweg
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasha L Mason
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan W Toennes
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Proposed Data-Driven Approach for Occupational Risk Management of Aircrew Fatigue. Saf Health Work 2021; 12:462-470. [PMID: 34900365 PMCID: PMC8640601 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue is pervasive, under-reported, and potentially deadly where flight operations are concerned. The aviation industry appears to lack a standardized, practical, and easily replicable protocol for fatigue risk assessment which can be consistently applied across operators. Aim Our paper sought to present a framework, supported by real-world data with subjective and objective parameters, to monitor aircrew fatigue and performance, and to determine the safe crew configuration for commercial airline operations. Methods Our protocol identified risk factors for fatigue-induced performance degradation as triggers for fatigue risk and performance assessment. Using both subjective and objective measurements of sleep, fatigue, and performance in the form of instruments such as the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Samn-Perelli Crew Status Check, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, sleep logs, and a wearable actigraph for sleep log correlation and sleep duration and quality charting, a workflow flagging fatigue-prone flight operations for risk mitigation was developed and trialed. Results In an operational study aimed at occupational assessment of fatigue and performance in airline pilots on a three-men crew versus a four-men crew for a long-haul flight, we affirmed the technical feasibility of our proposed framework and approach, the validity of the battery of assessment instruments, and the meaningful interpretation of fatigue and work performance indicators to enable the formulation of safe work recommendations. Conclusion A standardized occupational assessment protocol like ours is useful to achieve consistency and objectivity in the occupational assessment of fatigue and work performance.
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Grèzes J, Erblang M, Vilarem E, Quiquempoix M, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Sauvet F, Mennella R, Rabat A. Impact of total sleep deprivation and related mood changes on approach-avoidance decisions to threat-related facial displays. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab186. [PMID: 34313789 PMCID: PMC8664577 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Total sleep deprivation is known to have significant detrimental effects on cognitive and socio-emotional functioning. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which total sleep loss disturbs decision-making in social contexts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of total sleep deprivation on approach/avoidance decisions when faced with threatening individuals, as well as the potential moderating role of sleep-related mood changes. METHODS Participants (n = 34) made spontaneous approach/avoidance decisions in the presence of task-irrelevant angry or fearful individuals, while rested or totally sleep deprived (27 h of continuous wakefulness). Sleep-related changes in mood and sustained attention were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affective Scale and the psychomotor vigilance task, respectively. RESULTS Rested participants avoided both fearful and angry individuals, with stronger avoidance for angry individuals, in line with previous results. On the contrary, totally sleep deprived participants favored neither approach nor avoidance of fearful individuals, while they still comparably avoided angry individuals. Drift-diffusion models showed that this effect was accounted for by the fact that total sleep deprivation reduced value-based evidence accumulation toward avoidance during decision making. Finally, the reduction of positive mood after total sleep deprivation positively correlated with the reduction of fearful display avoidance. Importantly, this correlation was not mediated by a sleep-related reduction in sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS All together, these findings support the underestimated role of positive mood-state alterations caused by total sleep loss on approach/avoidance decisions when facing ambiguous socio-emotional displays, such as fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Grèzes
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), Université d’Evry, IRBA, Université de Paris Saclay, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Emma Vilarem
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Quiquempoix
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Rocco Mennella
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
- Laboratory on the Interactions between Cognition, Action, and Emotion (LICAE) – Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
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133
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Using Actigraphy and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) to Assess Sleep Quality and Sleep Arousal of Three App-Based Interventions: Sleep Music, Sleepcasts, and Guided Mindfulness. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-021-00233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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134
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Turkelson L, Mano Q. The Current State of Mind: a Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Mind-Wandering. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-021-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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135
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Imayama I, Balserak BI, Gupta A, Munoz T, Srimoragot M, Keenan BT, Kuna ST, Prasad B. Racial Differences in Functional and Sleep Outcomes with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122176. [PMID: 34943413 PMCID: PMC8700434 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if the response to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is different between African American (AA) and European Americans (EA). We examined whether race modifies the effects of PAP on sleep and daytime function. We assessed Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, Psychomotor Vigilance Task and actigraphy in 185 participants with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea before and 3–4 months after PAP treatment. The participants were middle-aged (mean, 55.1 years), 83.8% men and 60.5% AA. Linear regression models were used to examine the effect of race on outcomes. The AA had smaller reductions in ESS (mean change (95% confidence interval, CI) AA, −2.30 [−3.35, −1.25] vs. EA, −4.16 [−5.48, −2.84] and frequency of awakenings (AA, −0.73 [−4.92, 3.47] vs. EA, −9.35 [−15.20, −3.51]). A race × PAP usage interaction term was added to the model to examine if the change in outcomes per 1 h increase in PAP usage differed by race. AA exhibited greater improvement in wake after sleep onset (β (95% CI) AA, −8.89 [−16.40, −1.37] vs. EA, 2.49 [−4.15, 9.12]) and frequency of awakening (β (95% CI) AA, −2.59 [−4.44, −0.75] vs. EA, 1.71 [−1.08, 4.50]). The results indicate the importance of race in evaluating outcomes following PAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Imayama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bilgay Izci Balserak
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ahana Gupta
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Tomas Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | | | - Brendan T. Keenan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.T.K.); (S.T.K.)
| | - Samuel T. Kuna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.T.K.); (S.T.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bharati Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-996-8433
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Galli O, Jones CW, Larson O, Basner M, Dinges DF. Predictors of interindividual differences in vulnerability to neurobehavioral consequences of chronic partial sleep restriction. Sleep 2021; 45:6433368. [PMID: 34897501 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual differences in the neurobehavioral response to sleep loss are largely unexplained and phenotypic in nature. Numerous factors have been examined as predictors of differential response to sleep loss, but none have yielded a comprehensive view of the phenomenon. The present study examines the impact of baseline factors, habitual sleep-wake patterns, and homeostatic response to sleep loss on accrued deficits in psychomotor vigilance during chronic partial sleep restriction (SR), in a total of 306 healthy adults that participated in one of three independent laboratory studies. Findings indicate no significant impact of personality, academic intelligence, subjective reports of chronotype, sleepiness and fatigue, performance on working memory, and demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and body mass index, on neurobehavioral vulnerability to the negative effects of sleep loss. Only superior baseline performance on the psychomotor vigilance test and ability to sustain wakefulness on the maintenance of wakefulness test were associated with relative resilience to decrements in vigilant attention during SR. Interindividual differences in vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss were not accounted for by prior sleep history, habitual sleep patterns outside of the laboratory, baseline sleep architecture, or homeostatic sleep response during chronic partial SR. A recent theoretical model proposed that sleep-wake modulation may be influenced by competing internal and external demands which may promote wakefulness despite homeostatic and circadian signals for sleep under the right circumstances. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of interindividual differences in the ability to prioritize external demands for wakefulness in the face of mounting pressure to sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Galli
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Larson
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ashton JE, Cairney SA. Future-relevant memories are not selectively strengthened during sleep. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258110. [PMID: 34735464 PMCID: PMC8568116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnight consolidation processes are thought to operate in a selective manner, such that important (i.e. future-relevant) memories are strengthened ahead of irrelevant information. Using an online protocol, we sought to replicate the seminal finding that the memory benefits of sleep are enhanced when people expect a future test [Wilhelm et al., 2011]. Participants memorised verbal paired associates to a criterion of 60 percent (Experiment 1) or 40 percent correct (Experiment 2) before a 12-hour delay containing overnight sleep (sleep group) or daytime wakefulness (wake group). Critically, half of the participants were informed that they would be tested again the following day, whereas the other half were told that they would carry out a different set of tasks. We observed a robust memory benefit of overnight consolidation, with the sleep group outperforming the wake group in both experiments. However, knowledge of an upcoming test had no impact on sleep-associated consolidation in either experiment, suggesting that overnight memory processes were not enhanced for future-relevant information. These findings, together with other failed replication attempts, show that sleep does not provide selective support to memories that are deemed relevant for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Ashton
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott A. Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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138
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Azimi Yancheshmeh F, Mousavizadegan SH, Amini A, Smith AP, Kazemi R. An investigation of the effects of different shift schedules on the fatigue and sleepiness of officers on oil tankers during cargo handling operations. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1465-1480. [PMID: 34006212 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1928298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cargo handling is an operation, which requires a high level of performance from the officer of the watch (OOW). This study aimed to investigate the effect of different shift schedules on sleep quality, cognitive performance, and sleepiness of 139 OOWs on oil tankers with 4on-8off shifts, during the first shift of cargo handling. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), level of sleepiness (the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)), Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), and Arrow Flanker task performance were examined. The results showed that OOWs with (00:00-04:00, 12:00-16:00) and (04:00-08:00, 16:00-20:00) shifts had impaired cognitive performance and higher sleepiness during the cargo handling operation, and they also experienced impaired sleep quality. The results demonstrated that the circadian rhythm and homeostatic sleep drive have a greater impact on cognitive performance and sleepiness than time on shifts. These results suggest that allocating rest hours immediately before the cargo handling operation may reduce the risk of fatigue. Practitioner Summary: To the best of our knowledge, this maritime field study shows for the first time the prevalence of seafarers' sleepiness and cognitive performance while on duty during cargo handling, using a pre-post shift comparison between three different shifts. The results show the negative effects of keeping watch at night on sleep quality, sleepiness, and the impaired cognitive performance both in the day and the night shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amin Amini
- Department of Maritime Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew P Smith
- Centre for Occupational and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Umemura GS, Pinho JP, Duysens J, Krebs HI, Forner-Cordero A. Sleep deprivation affects gait control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21104. [PMID: 34702960 PMCID: PMC8548553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Different levels of sleep restriction affect human performance in multiple aspects. However, it is unclear how sleep deprivation affects gait control. We applied a paced gait paradigm that included subliminal rhythm changes to analyze the effects of different sleep restriction levels (acute, chronic and control) on performance. Acute sleep deprivation (one night) group exhibited impaired performance in the sensorimotor synchronization gait protocol, such as a decrease in the Period Error between the footfalls and the auditory stimulus as well as missing more frequently the auditory cues. The group with chronic sleep restriction also underperformed when compared to the control group with a tendency to a late footfall with respect to the RAC sound. Our results suggest that partial or total sleep deprivation leads to a decrease in the performance in the sensorimotor control of gait. The superior performance of the chronic sleep group when compared to the acute group suggests that there is a compensatory mechanism that helps to improve motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Umemura
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Pinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques Duysens
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hermano Igo Krebs
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The 77 Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Arturo Forner-Cordero
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems of the Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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140
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Propensity to intentional and unintentional mind-wandering differs in arousal and executive vigilance tasks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258734. [PMID: 34665819 PMCID: PMC8525776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We typically observe a decrement in vigilance with time-on-task, which favors the propensity for mind-wandering, i.e., the shifting of attention from the task at hand to task-unrelated thoughts. Here, we examined participants' mind-wandering, either intentional or unintentional, while performing vigilance tasks that tap different components of vigilance. Intentional mind-wandering is expected mainly when the arousal component is involved, whereas unintentional mind-wandering is expected mainly in tasks involving the executive component. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) assessed the arousal component, whereas the Sustained Attention to Response task (SART) assessed the executive component of vigilance. The two types of mind-wandering were probed throughout task execution. The results showed that the overall rate of mind-wandering was higher in the PVT than in the SART. Intentional mind-wandering was higher with the PVT than with the SART, whereas unintentional mind-wandering was higher with the SART than with the PVT. Regarding mind-wandering as a function of vigilance decrement with time-on-task, unintentional mind-wandering in the PVT increased between blocks 1 and 2 and then stabilized, whereas a progressive increase was observed in the SART. Regarding intentional mind-wandering, a progressive increase was only observed in the SART. The differential patterns of intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in both tasks suggest that, intentional mind wandering occurs mainly in arousal tasks in which propensity to mind-wander has little impact on task performance. However, unintentional mind-wandering occurs mainly in executive tasks as a result of a failure of cognitive control, which promotes attentional resources to be diverted toward mind-wandering. These results are discussed in the context of the resource-control model of mind-wandering.
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141
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Di Muzio M, Diella G, Di Simone E, Pazzaglia M, Alfonsi V, Novelli L, Cianciulli A, Scarpelli S, Gorgoni M, Giannini A, Ferrara M, Lucidi F, De Gennaro L. Comparison of Sleep and Attention Metrics Among Nurses Working Shifts on a Forward- vs Backward-Rotating Schedule. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2129906. [PMID: 34661660 PMCID: PMC8524311 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association of fast backward-rotating shift work (ie, anticlockwise sequence of afternoon, morning, and night shifts) with subjective and objective measures of sleep-wake quality, daytime attention, and tiredness of health care workers has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of shift rotation direction with tiredness, sleepiness, and sustained attention among nurses working forward- and backward-rotating shifts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data of this cohort study were collected from nurses working at 5 midsized Italian hospitals. The nurses had either a forward-rotating schedule (ie, morning to afternoon to night) and or a backward-rotating schedule (ie, afternoon to morning to night). The data were collected from July 2017 to February 2020. Data analysis was performed from May to October 2020. EXPOSURES Participants were working either forward- or backward-rotating schedules, in which the sequence of 3 shifts (morning, afternoon, and night) changed in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sleep data were collected using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sustained attention was measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Tiredness was evaluated using the Tiredness Symptom Scale. RESULTS A total of 144 nurses (mean [SE] age, 41.3 [0.8] years; 92 women [63.9%]) participated in the study; 80 nurses had forward-rotating schedules, and 64 had backward-rotating schedules. Nurses with irregular sleep-wake patterns due to night shift work had poor sleep quality (46 [57.5%] in forward-rotating schedule group; 37 [57.8%] in backward-rotating schedule group). Nurses working backward-rotating shifts exhibited significantly greater sleepiness (F1,139 = 41.23; P < .001) and cognitive slowing (ie, longer median reaction times; F1,139 = 42.12; P < .001) than those working forward rotations. Importantly, these differences were not affected by age, years of employment, and quality of sleep. Of nurses working on a backward-rotating schedule, 60 (93.8%) reported elevated sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score ≥7) after the night shift. The median reaction time (F1,139 = 42.12; P < .001), 10% fastest reaction time (F1,139 = 97.07; P < .001), minor lapses (F1,139 = 46.29; P < .001), and reaction time distribution (F1,139 = 60.13; P < .001) of nurses on backward-rotating schedules indicated a lower level of vigilance, which is negatively associated with neurobehavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, both shift rotation models were negatively associated with health and cognitive performance. These findings suggest that forward shift rotation may be more beneficial than backward rotation for several measured performance attentional outcomes and sleepiness. Optimization of shift rotations should be implemented to decrease the combination of the negative outcomes associated with shift work and reduce the potential risk of medical errors in health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Diella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Simone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luana Novelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Cianciulli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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142
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Lincoln KD, Ailshire J, Nguyen A, Taylor RJ, Govia I, Ifatunji MA. Profiles of sleep and depression risk among Caribbean Blacks. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:981-999. [PMID: 31137946 PMCID: PMC6881538 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1620179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sleep problems are associated with a host of psychiatric disorders and have been attributed to race disparities in health and wellness. Studies of sleep and mental health do not typically consider within-group differences among Blacks. Thus, our understanding of how the sleep-mental health relationship among Caribbean Blacks is limited. This study identified sleep profiles among Caribbean-born Blacks who reside in the United States.Design: Latent class analysis and data from the National Survey of American Life Re-interview study were used to identify and compare the associations between 'sleep quality classes,' sociodemographic factors, stress, and depression risk among Caribbean Blacks.Results: Two sleep quality classes were identified - 'good sleep quality' and 'poor sleep quality' - with each class demonstrating a complex pattern of sleep experiences, and illuminating the association between sleep and depression risk.Conclusions: Findings provide insight into the influence of sociodemographic factors and social stressors on the sleep experience of Caribbean Blacks and the importance of considering within-group differences to better understand risk and resilience among Caribbean Blacks living in the United States. Findings also highlight the importance of screening for sleep problems in an effort to reduce the burden of depression experienced by this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Lincoln
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ailshire
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann Nguyen
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR) - Epidemiology Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Mosi Adesina Ifatunji
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for African American Research, Sonja Haynes Stone Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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143
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Brunyé TT, Yau K, Okano K, Elliott G, Olenich S, Giles GE, Navarro E, Elkin-Frankston S, Young AL, Miller EL. Toward Predicting Human Performance Outcomes From Wearable Technologies: A Computational Modeling Approach. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738973. [PMID: 34566701 PMCID: PMC8458818 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable technologies for measuring digital and chemical physiology are pervading the consumer market and hold potential to reliably classify states of relevance to human performance including stress, sleep deprivation, and physical exertion. The ability to efficiently and accurately classify physiological states based on wearable devices is improving. However, the inherent variability of human behavior within and across individuals makes it challenging to predict how identified states influence human performance outcomes of relevance to military operations and other high-stakes domains. We describe a computational modeling approach to address this challenge, seeking to translate user states obtained from a variety of sources including wearable devices into relevant and actionable insights across the cognitive and physical domains. Three status predictors were considered: stress level, sleep status, and extent of physical exertion; these independent variables were used to predict three human performance outcomes: reaction time, executive function, and perceptuo-motor control. The approach provides a complete, conditional probabilistic model of the performance variables given the status predictors. Construction of the model leverages diverse raw data sources to estimate marginal probability density functions for each of six independent and dependent variables of interest using parametric modeling and maximum likelihood estimation. The joint distributions among variables were optimized using an adaptive LASSO approach based on the strength and directionality of conditional relationships (effect sizes) derived from meta-analyses of extant research. The model optimization process converged on solutions that maintain the integrity of the original marginal distributions and the directionality and robustness of conditional relationships. The modeling framework described provides a flexible and extensible solution for human performance prediction, affording efficient expansion with additional independent and dependent variables of interest, ingestion of new raw data, and extension to two- and three-way interactions among independent variables. Continuing work includes model expansion to multiple independent and dependent variables, real-time model stimulation by wearable devices, individualized and small-group prediction, and laboratory and field validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad T Brunyé
- Cognitive Science Team, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States.,Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kenny Yau
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kana Okano
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Grace Elliott
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Sara Olenich
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Grace E Giles
- Cognitive Science Team, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States.,Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Ester Navarro
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Seth Elkin-Frankston
- Cognitive Science Team, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States.,Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Alexander L Young
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eric L Miller
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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144
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Mao T, Dinges D, Deng Y, Zhao K, Yang Z, Lei H, Fang Z, Yang FN, Galli O, Goel N, Basner M, Rao H. Impaired Vigilant Attention Partly Accounts for Inhibition Control Deficits After Total Sleep Deprivation and Partial Sleep Restriction. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1545-1560. [PMID: 34557048 PMCID: PMC8455079 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s314769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep loss impairs a range of neurobehavioral functions, particularly vigilant attention and arousal. However, the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on inhibition control and its relationship to vigilant attention impairments remain unclear. This study examined the extent to which vigilant attention deficits contribute to inhibition control performance after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and two nights of partial sleep restriction (PSR). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from N = 49 participants in a one-night of TSD experiment, N=16 participants in a control experiment without sleep loss, and N = 16 participants in a two-nights of PSR experiment (time in bed, TIB = 6 h for each night). Throughout waking periods in each condition, participants completed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), which measures vigilant attention, and the Go/No-Go task, which measures inhibition control. RESULTS After TSD and PSR, participants displayed significantly slower reaction times (RT) and more lapses in PVT performance, as well as slower Go RT and more errors of omission during the Go/No-Go task. PVT deficits accounted for 18.0% of the change in Go RT and 12.4% of the change in errors of omission in the TSD study, and 23.7% of the change in Go RT and 20.3% of the change in errors of omission in the PSR study. CONCLUSION Both TSD and PSR impaired inhibition control during the Go/No-Go task, which can be partly accounted for by vigilant attention deficits during the PVT. These findings support the key role of vigilant attention in maintaining overall neurobehavioral function after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zijing Yang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fan Nils Yang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga Galli
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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145
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Flynn-Evans EE, Wong LR, Kuriyagawa Y, Gowda N, Cravalho PF, Pradhan S, Feick NH, Bathurst NG, Glaros ZL, Wilaiprasitporn T, Bansal K, Garcia JO, Hilditch CJ. Supervision of a self-driving vehicle unmasks latent sleepiness relative to manually controlled driving. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18530. [PMID: 34521862 PMCID: PMC8440771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human error has been implicated as a causal factor in a large proportion of road accidents. Automated driving systems purport to mitigate this risk, but self-driving systems that allow a driver to entirely disengage from the driving task also require the driver to monitor the environment and take control when necessary. Given that sleep loss impairs monitoring performance and there is a high prevalence of sleep deficiency in modern society, we hypothesized that supervising a self-driving vehicle would unmask latent sleepiness compared to manually controlled driving among individuals following their typical sleep schedules. We found that participants felt sleepier, had more involuntary transitions to sleep, had slower reaction times and more attentional failures, and showed substantial modifications in brain synchronization during and following an autonomous drive compared to a manually controlled drive. Our findings suggest that the introduction of partial self-driving capabilities in vehicles has the potential to paradoxically increase accident risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
| | - Lily R Wong
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gowda
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Patrick F Cravalho
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,School of Business Administration, Menlo College, Atherton, CA, USA
| | - Nathan H Feick
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Zachary L Glaros
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Kanika Bansal
- Army Research Laboratory, U.S. CCDC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javier O Garcia
- Army Research Laboratory, U.S. CCDC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Cassie J Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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146
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Wilson M, Elkins-Brown N, James L, James SM, Stevens K, Butterfield P. Psychometric Evaluation of the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument in a Population of Working Nurses. J Nurs Meas 2021; 30:148-167. [PMID: 34518427 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-d-20-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study explored the psychometric properties of the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument (C-CEI), previously validated for use with nursing students, to assess simulation performance among registered nurses working 12-hour shifts. Valid and reliable measurements are needed to test clinical and simulation competencies and characterize the effects of fatigue on nursing performance. METHODS Trained raters scored nurses' patient care performance in simulation scenarios using the C-CEI. We analyzed the instrument's principal components, internal reliability, and construct validity. RESULTS Internal reliability of the C-CEI aggregate score and the Clinical Decision-making component were high (>.70). The latter robustly correlated with predicted cognitive effectiveness, a measure of fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The C-CEI is a reliable measure for use among registered nurses and its further development will be important for testing performance of working nurses and fatigue-mitigation innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lois James
- Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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147
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Stenson AR, Kurinec CA, Hinson JM, Whitney P, Van Dongen HPA. Total sleep deprivation reduces top-down regulation of emotion without altering bottom-up affective processing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256983. [PMID: 34473768 PMCID: PMC8412406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss is reported to influence affective processing, causing changes in overall mood and altering emotion regulation. These aspects of affective processing are seldom investigated together, making it difficult to determine whether total sleep deprivation has a global effect on how affective stimuli and emotions are processed, or whether specific components of affective processing are affected selectively. Sixty healthy adults were recruited for an in-laboratory study and, after a monitored night of sleep and laboratory acclimation, randomly assigned to either a total sleep deprivation condition (n = 40) or a rested control condition (n = 20). Measurements of mood, vigilant attention to affective stimuli, affective working memory, affective categorization, and emotion regulation were taken for both groups. With one exception, measures of interest were administered twice: once at baseline and again 24 hours later, after the sleep deprived group had spent a night awake (working memory was assessed only after total sleep deprivation). Sleep deprived individuals experienced an overall reduction in positive affect with no significant change in negative affect. Despite the substantial decline in positive affect, there was no evidence that processing affectively valenced information was biased under total sleep deprivation. Sleep deprived subjects did not rate affective stimuli differently from rested subjects, nor did they show sleep deprivation-specific effects of affect type on vigilant attention, working memory, and categorization tasks. However, sleep deprived subjects showed less effective regulation of negative emotion. Overall, we found no evidence that total sleep deprivation biased the processing of affective stimuli in general. By contrast, total sleep deprivation appeared to reduce controlled processing required for emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Stenson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Courtney A. Kurinec
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - John. M. Hinson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
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148
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Time course of cortical response complexity during extended wakefulness and its differential association with vigilance in young and older individuals. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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149
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Xu S, Akioma M, Yuan Z. Relationship between circadian rhythm and brain cognitive functions. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:278-287. [PMID: 36637731 PMCID: PMC9743892 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-021-1090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are considered a masterstroke of natural selection, which gradually increase the adaptability of species to the Earth's rotation. Importantly, the nervous system plays a key role in allowing organisms to maintain circadian rhythmicity. Circadian rhythms affect multiple aspects of cognitive functions (mainly via arousal), particularly those needed for effort-intensive cognitive tasks, which require considerable top-down executive control. These include inhibitory control, working memory, task switching, and psychomotor vigilance. This mini review highlights the recent advances in cognitive functioning in the optical and multimodal neuroimaging fields; it discusses the processing of brain cognitive functions during the circadian rhythm phase and the effects of the circadian rhythm on the cognitive component of the brain and the brain circuit supporting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Miriam Akioma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Jubera-Garcia E, Gevers W, Van Opstal F. Local build-up of sleep pressure could trigger mind wandering: Evidence from sleep, circadian and mind wandering research. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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