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Ivanova A, Yalovenko O, Dugan A. Human Gut Microbiome as an Indicator of Human Health. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2021.5.4.244375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The undeniable achievement in the study of the gut microbiome as an association of different microorganisms, including viruses, that colonize various organs and systems of the body, is the establishment of the fact that some diseases that were consmicrobiotaidered as non-infectious can also be transmitted through microorganisms. This resulted in the gut microbiome being called a forgotten organ that could serve as an additional and kind of missing link for a more objective and better diagnosis and treatment of many diseases that were not considered infectious. The rapid development of gut microbiome research in recent years not only is connected with better understanding of the functioning of the microbiome by the scientific community, but also inseparable from the strategic support of each country. Global investment in researches, related to the human microbiome, has exceeded $1.7 billion over the past decade. These researches contribute to the development of new diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions. Our review is dedicated to the analysis of the possibilities of application of the human gut microbiome for the diagnosis of diseases, and the role of the intestines in the provocation and causing of certain diseases. Significant differences in the composition and diversity of the human microbiome are shown depending on geographical location and the change of socio-economic formations towards a gradual decrease in the diversity of the gut microbiome due to three stages of human population’s existence: food production, agriculture and industrial urban life. We analyze the influence of dietary patterns, various diseases (including malignant neoplasms) and viral infections (in particular, coronavirus) on the gut microbiome. And vice versa – the influence of the gut microbiome on the drugs effect and their metabolism, which affects the host's immune response and course of the disease.
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102
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Yue Q, Cai M, Xiao B, Zhan Q, Zeng C. A High-Tryptophan Diet Reduces Seizure-Induced Respiratory Arrest and Alters the Gut Microbiota in DBA/1 Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:762323. [PMID: 34887831 PMCID: PMC8650499 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.762323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) defects are responsible for the occurrence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The DBA/1 mouse is an animal model of SUDEP since the mouse exhibits audiogenic seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA). The synthesis of central 5-HT is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moreover, emerging studies suggest a possible role for the microbiota in mitigating seizure likelihood. Based on this, we aimed to explore the effect of a high-tryptophan diet (HTD) on SUDEP as well as the synthesis and metabolism of central 5-HT. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of the gut microbiota in this process. Methods: All DBA/1 mice were subjected to acoustic stimulation to induce seizures. Only those mice that exhibited S-IRA were randomly assigned to the normal diet (ND) group (n = 39) or HTD group (n = 53). After 1 month of dietary intervention, (1) S-IRA rates were evaluated, (2) the concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the plasma and brain were determined by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography, and (3) the fecal flora biodiversity and species composition were analyzed by 16S rDNA microbiota profiling. Results: The S-IRA rate in DBA/1 mice was significantly reduced in the HTD group compared with that in the control group. HTD increased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in both the telencephalon and midbrain. HTD significantly elevated the species richness and diversity of the gut microbiota. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the gut microbiota composition between the two groups, and the intestinal flora was dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria after HTD. Conclusions: HTD is efficient in lowering S-IRA rates and elevating the central 5-HT level in DBA/1 mice. The gut microbiota was altered after HTD intervention. The significant increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria may be related to the SUDEP-protective effect of HTD. Our findings shed light on a candidate choice of dietary prevention for SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingfei Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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103
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Profiling intestinal microbiota of Metaplax longipes and Helice japonica and their co-occurrence relationships with habitat microbes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21217. [PMID: 34707208 PMCID: PMC8551266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota plays key roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the host. However, information about whether the formation of intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animals is associated with habitat microbes is not fully understood. Here, intestine samples were collected from two wild crab species and sediment samples were collected from the habitat environment. The total DNA of each sample was extracted, and the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using the MiSeq platform. The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota and habitat microbes, and bacterial community relationships between wild crab intestine and habitat sediment. In the present study, the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota of the two crab species were different from the habitat microbes. In contrast, a similar composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were observed between two crab species. Moreover, the bacterial community relationships between crab intestine and habitat sediment were associated with intestinal regions. Further network analysis revealed that the network structure of the intestinal microbiota was not only associated with intestinal regions, but also with the crab species. Additionally, although the compositions of bacterial functions were similar between crab intestine and sediment, no significant correlation in bacterial functions was observed between crab intestine and sediment. The findings of the present study would contribute to understanding the relationship between intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animal and habitat microbes, and providing new insights into the intestinal microbiota of wild aquatic animals.
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104
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Ma M, Geng S, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhang J, Huang S, Ma Q. Effects of Different Methionine Levels in Low Protein Diets on Production Performance, Reproductive System, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739676. [PMID: 34692750 PMCID: PMC8526799 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different levels of methionine (Met) in a low protein diet on the production performance, reproductive system, metabolism, and gut microbial composition of laying hens to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of Met in a low protein diet on the host metabolism and gut microbial composition and function of hens. A total of 360 healthy 38-week-old Peking Pink laying hens with similar body conditions and egg production (EP) were randomly divided into four groups with nine replicates per treatment and 10 hens per replicate. The hens in each treatment group were fed low protein diets containing different levels of Met (0.25, 0.31, 0.38, and 0.47%, respectively) for 12 weeks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the trial period. The results showed that, compared with the 0.25% Met group, the final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), EP, egg weight (EW), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the other groups were significantly increased and feed egg ratio (FER) was decreased. Meanwhile, the EW and yield of abdominal fat (AFY) in the 0.47% Met group were higher than those in other groups. The triglyceride (TG), estradiol (E2), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the 0.38 and 0.47% Met groups were higher than those in other groups. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that there was no difference in the Sobs index, ACE index, and Shannon index among all groups. However, it is worth noting that feeding low protein diets with Met changed the gut microbial composition (e.g., the supplementation of Met increased the level of Lactobacillus and decreased the proportion of Faecalibacterium). Also, our results showed that the changes in gut microbial composition induced by the diets with different levels of Met were closely related to the changes of key parameters: ADFI, EW, FBW, TG, EM, EP, ADG, FER, and uric acid (UA). Our results highlight the role of adding an appropriate amount of Met to the low protein diet in laying hens, which could improve the gut microbial composition, production performance, reproductive system, and nutrient metabolism of laying hens. In conclusion, this study suggested that when the Met level was 0.38%, the production performance of the laying hens was pretty good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zeibich L, Koebele SV, Bernaud VE, Ilhan ZE, Dirks B, Northup-Smith SN, Neeley R, Maldonado J, Nirmalkar K, Files JA, Mayer AP, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Surgical Menopause and Estrogen Therapy Modulate the Gut Microbiota, Obesity Markers, and Spatial Memory in Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:702628. [PMID: 34660336 PMCID: PMC8515187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.702628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause in human females and subsequent ovarian hormone deficiency, particularly concerning 17β-estradiol (E2), increase the risk for metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity, diabetes type 2, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Several studies indicate that these disorders are also strongly associated with compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota; however, how E2 deficiency and hormone therapy affect the gut microbial community is not well understood. Using a rat model, we aimed to evaluate how ovariectomy (OVX) and subsequent E2 administration drive changes in metabolic health and the gut microbial community, as well as potential associations with learning and memory. Findings indicated that OVX-induced ovarian hormone deficiency and E2 treatment had significant impacts on several health-affecting parameters, including (a) the abundance of some intestinal bacterial taxa (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae), (b) the abundance of microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (e.g., isobutyrate), (c) weight/BMI, and (d) high-demand spatial working memory following surgical menopause. Furthermore, exploratory correlations among intestinal bacteria abundance, cognition, and BMI underscored the putative influence of surgical menopause and E2 administration on gut-brain interactions. Collectively, this study showed that surgical menopause is associated with physiological and behavioral changes, and that E2-linked compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota might contribute to some of its related negative health consequences. Overall, this study provides novel insights into interactions among endocrine and gastrointestinal systems in the post-menopausal life stage that collectively alter the risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular, metabolic, and dementia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Zeibich
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Stephanie V Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Victoria E Bernaud
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Zehra Esra Ilhan
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Steven N Northup-Smith
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel Neeley
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Genomics Core, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Khemlal Nirmalkar
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Julia A Files
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Anita P Mayer
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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106
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Wu S, Yin Y, Du L. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2571-2591. [PMID: 34637015 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depression represents a complex and prevalent psychological disease that is characterized by persistent depressed mood, impaired cognitive function and complicated pathophysiological and neuroendocrine alterations. Despite the multifactorial etiology of depression, one of the most recent factors to be identified as playing a critical role in the development of depression is blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The occurrence of BBB integrity disruption contributes to the disturbance of brain homeostasis and leads to complications of neurological diseases, such as stroke, chronic neurodegenerative disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, BBB associated tight junction disruption has been shown to implicate in the pathophysiology of depression and contribute to increased susceptibility to depression. However, the underlying mechanisms and importance of BBB damage in depression remains largely unknown. This review highlights how BBB disruption regulates the depression process and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in development of depression-induced BBB dysfunction. Moreover, insight on promising therapeutic targets for treatment of depression with associated BBB dysfunctions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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107
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Li Y, Ji X, Wu H, Li X, Zhang H, Tang D. Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in modulating gut microbiota metabolites-mediated lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114207. [PMID: 34000365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The gut microbiome plays an important role in advancing the process of host lipid metabolism directly or indirectly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve the intestinal environment by intervening with gut microbiota metabolites to potentially regulate lipid levels. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the current databases to search for studies related to influence of TCM on the gut microbiota metabolites-mediated lipid metabolism. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the TCM that could regulate lipid metabolism mediated by microbial metabolites and their pharmacological targets and provides perspectives for future investigation. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched up to April 2021 to identify eligible studies. RESULTS A total of 30 active compounds, five Chinese herbal formulae, and three proprietary Chinese medicines were included in this review. We found that TCM can effectively improve lipid metabolism by increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, regulating bile acid (BA) metabolism, reducing the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), alleviating the release of inflammatory factors, and altering branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) biosynthesis. This process is accompanied by changes in the structure of the gut microbiota, blood lipids, and expression of lipid metabolism genes. CONCLUSION In summary, studies on the regulation of lipid metabolism by microbial metabolites in TCM will provide a new approach for better management of dyslipidemia, which may facilitate future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Danli Tang
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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108
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Brandi G, Turroni S, McAllister F, Frega G. The Human Microbiomes in Pancreatic Cancer: Towards Evidence-Based Manipulation Strategies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9914. [PMID: 34576078 PMCID: PMC8471697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent pieces of evidence have emerged on the relevance of microorganisms in modulating responses to anticancer treatments and reshaping the tumor-immune microenvironment. On the one hand, many studies have addressed the role of the gut microbiota, providing interesting correlative findings with respect to etiopathogenesis and treatment responses. On the other hand, intra-tumoral bacteria are being recognized as intrinsic and essential components of the cancer microenvironment, able to promote a plethora of tumor-related aspects from cancer growth to resistance to chemotherapy. These elements will be probably more and more valuable in the coming years in early diagnosis and risk stratification. Furthermore, microbial-targeted intervention strategies may be used as adjuvants to current therapies to improve therapeutic responses and overall survival. This review focuses on new insights and therapeutic approaches that are dawning against pancreatic cancer: a neoplasm that arises in a central metabolic "hub" interfaced between the gut and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Xiong Y, Xiong Y, Zhu P, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhou R, Shu Y, Zhou H, Li Q. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension Pathogenesis and the Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 34487269 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF HEADING To review the relationship between intestinal microbes and hypertension and its impact on the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, and help to address some of these knowledge gaps. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex, including factors such as dietary, environmental and genetics. Recently, the studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, including affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids, dysfunction of the brain-gut axis, and changes in serotonin content that cause the imbalance of vagus and sympathetic nerve output associated with hypertension. However, patients with hypertension typically take antihypertensive drugs orally on a long-term basis, and most antihypertensive drugs are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs may be influenced by microbiota, or antihypertensive drugs act directly on the intestinal flora to exert efficacy, including regulation of intestinal microbial metabolism, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal sympathetic nervous system disorders. The intestinal flora can affect the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs in the rats, and intestinal microbiota also can be the target "organ" by antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, ShanTou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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110
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Sublette ME, Cheung S, Lieberman E, Hu S, Mann JJ, Uhlemann AC, Miller JM. Bipolar disorder and the gut microbiome: A systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:544-564. [PMID: 33512753 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The microbiome is a rapidly advancing biomedical frontier with relevance for psychiatric illness. The gut microbiota interact with the central nervous system bidirectionally through the gut-brain axis and generate substances that may influence host metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Understanding gut microbiota in bipolar disorder (BD) may suggest new disease markers and treatment approaches. METHODS A PubMed search was performed on January 7, 2020 using terms "bipolar AND (microbiome OR microbiota)", for articles in English in which the study population included a distinct BD group and the gut microbiota/microbiome was assessed. RESULTS Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. In four of five studies that reported on group comparisons with respect to diversity, lower α-diversity was observed in BD relative to healthy controls (HC). The most convergent taxonomic finding was that in four studies, one particular clade distinguished gut microbiota between BD and HC: family Ruminococcaceae, genus Faecalibacterium, and species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Members of this clade, known for butyrate production, were reduced in BD relative to HC in three studies but elevated in a fourth. Additionally, genera Bacteroides or Bacteroides-Prevotella group species were elevated in BD in two studies but lower in a third. CONCLUSIONS Despite few studies and modest sample sizes, salient findings suggest that low α-diversity and dysbiosis with respect to abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides may characterize BD in both a trait and state-dependent fashion. Decreased richness and butyrate production also foster inflammation, which may be a hitherto unrecognized part of the pathophysiology underlying BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Lieberman
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Core, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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111
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Environment-Dependent Variation in Gut Microbiota of an Oviparous Lizard ( Calotes versicolor). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082461. [PMID: 34438918 PMCID: PMC8388656 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The different gut sections potentially provide different habitats for gut microbiota. We found that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three primary phyla in gut microbiota of C. versicolor. The relative abundance of dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes exhibited an increasing trend from the small intestine to the large intestine, and there was a higher abundance of genus Bacteroides (Class: Bacteroidia), Coprobacillus and Eubacterium (Class: Erysipelotrichia), Parabacteroides (Family: Porphyromonadaceae) and Ruminococcus (Family: Lachnospiraceae), and Family Odoribacteraceae and Rikenellaceae in the hindgut, and some metabolic pathways were higher in the hindgut. Our results reveal the variations of gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathways in different parts of the lizards’ intestine. Abstract Vertebrates maintain complex symbiotic relationships with microbiota living within their gastrointestinal tracts which reflects the ecological and evolutionary relationship between hosts and their gut microbiota. However, this understanding is limited in lizards and the spatial heterogeneity and co-occurrence patterns of gut microbiota inside the gastrointestinal tracts of a host and variations of microbial community among samples remain poorly understood. To address this issue and provide a guide for gut microbiota sampling from lizards, we investigated the bacteria in three gut locations of the oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) and the data were analyzed for bacterial composition by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. We found the relative abundance of the dominant phyla exhibited an increasing trend from the small intestine to the large intestine, and phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the three primary phyla in the gut microbiota of C. versicolor. There were a higher abundance of genus Bacteroides (Class: Bacteroidia), Coprobacillus and Eubacterium (Class: Erysipelotrichia), Parabacteroides (Family: Porphyromonadaceae) and Ruminococcus (Family: Lachnospiraceae), and Family Odoribacteraceae and Rikenellaceae in the sample from the hindgut. The secondary bile acid biosynthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation, sphingolipid metabolism and lysosome were significantly higher in the hindgut than that in the small intestine. Taken together our results indicate variations of gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathway in different parts of the oriental garden lizard.
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Hacioglu A, Gundogdu A, Nalbantoglu U, Karaca Z, Urhan ME, Sahin S, Dokmetas HS, Kadioglu P, Kelestimur F. Gut microbiota in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly: a pilot cross-sectional study. Pituitary 2021; 24:600-610. [PMID: 33721175 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbiota has crucial biological importance for human well-being. Bidirectional interaction exists between microbiota and the host, and there have been no studies investigating this interaction in patients with acromegaly. We aimed to analyze the composition of microbiota in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly. METHOD Stool samples were obtained from the patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly in the Endocrinology Clinic of Erciyes University Medical School. The composition of microbiota was analyzed, and the results were compared to healthy volunteers matched to the patients in terms of age, gender and body mass index. RESULTS Seven patients (three male, four female) with a mean age of 48 ± 17.6 years were included in the study. The stool analysis revealed a significantly lower bacterial diversity in the patients with acromegaly. Bacteroidetes phylum was predominating in the patient group, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was altered significantly. Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Clostridium, Oscillospira, and Dialister were predominating in the control group. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota is significantly altered in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the causative relationship between acromegaly, colorectal pathologies, and microbial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Hacioglu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aycan Gundogdu
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GenKok), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GenKok), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Computer Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Karaca
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Emre Urhan
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sahin
- Department of Endocrinology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sebile Dokmetas
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kadioglu
- Department of Endocrinology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Heinken A, Basile A, Hertel J, Thinnes C, Thiele I. Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of the Human Microbiome in the Era of Personalized Medicine. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:199-222. [PMID: 34314593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-060221-012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Meta-omics analyses provide indispensable data for linking changes in microbiome composition and function to disease etiology. Yet, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of, e.g., microbiome-metabolome links hampers the translation of these findings into effective, novel therapeutics. Here, we propose metabolic modeling of microbial communities through constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) as a complementary approach to meta-omics analyses. First, we highlight the importance of microbial metabolism in cardiometabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Next, we demonstrate that microbial community modeling can stratify patients and controls, mechanistically link microbes with fecal metabolites altered in disease, and identify host pathways affected by the microbiome. Finally, we outline our vision for COBRA modeling combined with meta-omics analyses and multivariate statistical analyses to inform and guide clinical trials, yield testable hypotheses, and ultimately propose novel dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland;
| | - Arianna Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Johannes Hertel
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cyrille Thinnes
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland;
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; .,Division of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Romaní-Pérez M, López-Almela I, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Gómez Del Pulgar EM, Benítez-Páez A, Liebisch G, Lamas JA, Sanz Y. Holdemanella biformis improves glucose tolerance and regulates GLP-1 signaling in obese mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21734. [PMID: 34143451 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose homeostasis in obesity is mitigated by enhancing the glucoregulatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and thus, strategies that improve GLP-1 sensitivity and secretion have therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study shows that Holdemanella biformis, isolated from the feces of a metabolically healthy volunteer, ameliorates hyperglycemia, improves oral glucose tolerance and restores gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling in the liver of obese mice. These effects were associated with the ability of H. biformis to restore GLP-1 levels, enhancing GLP-1 neural signaling in the proximal and distal small intestine and GLP-1 sensitivity of vagal sensory neurons, and to modify the cecal abundance of unsaturated fatty acids and the bacterial species associated with metabolic health. Our findings overall suggest the potential use of H biformis in the management of type 2 diabetes in obesity to optimize the sensitivity and function of the GLP-1 system, through direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva M Gómez Del Pulgar
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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115
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Interactions between the microbiota and enteric nervous system during gut-brain disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108721. [PMID: 34274348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For the last 20 years, researchers have focused their intention on the impact of gut microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions. This year (2021), more than 25,000 articles can be retrieved from PubMed with the keywords "gut microbiota and physiology", showing the constant progress and impact of gut microbes in scientific life. As a result, numerous therapeutic perspectives have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota composition and/or bioactive factors released from microbes to restore our body functions. Currently, the gut is considered a primary site for the development of pathologies that modify brain functions such as neurodegenerative (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) and metabolic (type 2 diabetes, obesity, etc.) disorders. Deciphering the mode of interaction between microbiota and the brain is a real original option to prevent (and maybe treat in the future) the establishment of gut-brain pathologies. The objective of this review is to describe recent scientific elements that explore the communication between gut microbiota and the brain by focusing our interest on the enteric nervous system (ENS) as an intermediate partner. The ENS, which is known as the "second brain", could be under the direct or indirect influence of the gut microbiota and its released factors (short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, gaseous factors, etc.). Thus, in addition to their actions on tissue (adipose tissue, liver, brain, etc.), microbes can have an impact on local ENS activity. This potential modification of ENS function has global repercussions in the whole body via the gut-brain axis and represents a new therapeutic strategy.
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Sosa Alvarado C, Yang K, Qiu H, Mills E, Fouhse JM, Ju T, Buteau J, Field CJ, Willing BP, Chan CB. Transient antibiotic-induced changes in the neonatal swine intestinal microbiota impact islet expression profiles reducing subsequent function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R303-R316. [PMID: 34259034 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00090.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal antibiotics administered to human infants initiate gut microbiota dysbiosis that may have long-term effects on body weight and metabolism. We examined antibiotic-induced adaptations in pancreatic islets of the piglet, a well-accepted model of human infant microbiota and pancreas development. Neonatal piglets randomized to amoxicillin [30 mg/kg body wt/day; n = 7, antibiotic (ANTI)] or placebo [vehicle control; n = 7, control (CON)] from postnatal day (PND)0-13 were euthanized at PND7, 14, and 49. The metabolic phenotype along with functional, immunohistological, and transcriptional phenotypes of the pancreatic islets were studied. The gut microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbial metabolites and microbiome-sensitive host molecules were measured. Compared with CON, ANTI PND7 piglets had elevated transcripts of genes involved in glucagon-like peptide 1 ((GLP-1) synthesis or signaling in islets (P < 0.05) coinciding with higher plasma GLP-1 (P = 0.11), along with increased tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf) (P < 0.05) and protegrin 1 (Npg1) (P < 0.05). Antibiotic-induced relative increases in Escherichia, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Dehalobacterium, and Oscillospira of the ileal microbiome at PND7 normalized after antibiotic withdrawal. In ANTI islets at PND14, the expression of key regulators pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (Igf2), and transcription factor 7-like 2 (Tcf7l2) was downregulated, preceding a 40% reduction of β-cell area (P < 0.01) and islet insulin content at PND49 (P < 0.05). At PND49, a twofold elevated plasma insulin concentration (P = 0.07) was observed in ANTI compared with CON. We conclude that antibiotic treatment of neonatal piglets elicited gut microbial changes accompanied by phasic alterations in key regulatory genes in pancreatic islets at PND7 and 14. By PND49, reduced β-cell area and islet insulin content were accompanied by elevated nonfasted insulin despite normoglycemia, indicative of islet stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sosa Alvarado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongbo Qiu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erinn Mills
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janelle M Fouhse
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Buteau
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Liu J, Xiao L, Nie H, Pan Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Lin X, Zhang Y, Cai J, Yang M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xu A, Zhu C. Microecological preparation combined with an modified low-carbon diet improves glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:77. [PMID: 34256811 PMCID: PMC8276426 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet on the glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients. METHODS From August 2017 to July 2020, 66 obese patients were recruited, and administrated with an modified low-carbon diet with (group A) or without (Group B) microecology preparation and a balanced diet in control group (group C) for 6 months. Meanwhile, 20 volunteers administrated with a balanced diet were recruited as the healthy control group (group D). RESULTS After 6-month intervention, obese subjects in group A and B showed significant improvement of body and liver fat mass, reduction of serum lipid levels, intestinal barrier function markers, insulin resistance index (IRI), high blood pressure (HBP) and carotid intima thickness, as compared with subjects in group C. More importantly, subjects in group A had better improvement of vascular endothelial elasticity and intimal thickness than subjects in group B. However, these intervention had no effect on carotid atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSION Administration of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet had better improvement of intestinal barrier function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular complications than low-carbon diet in obese patients, but the effect of a simple low-carb diet on carotid atherosclerotic plaque need to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liehui Xiao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hezhongrong Nie
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhentian Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinchuang Cai
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muxiu Yang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leijun Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cuifeng Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China.
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Pulido-Mateos EC, Lupien-Meilleur J, Guyonnet D, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689456. [PMID: 34268328 PMCID: PMC8276758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection of enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity of unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, and other omics have expanded the understanding of the different modes of actions by which (poly)phenols modulate the microbiome conferring health benefits to the host. Progress have been made to identify direct prebiotic effects of (poly)phenols; albeit up to date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto. Interestingly, certain probiotics strains have an enzymatic repertoire, such as tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, involved in the transformation of different (poly)phenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with phenolic substrates. However, other taxonomically distinct gut symbionts of which a phenolic-metabolizing activity has not been demonstrated are still significantly promoted by (poly)phenols. This is the case of Akkermansia muciniphila, a so-called antiobesity bacterium, which responds positively to (poly)phenols and may be partially responsible for the health benefits formerly attributed to these molecules. We surmise that (poly)phenols broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied by competing bacteria, thereby allowing the bloom of beneficial gut bacteria. This review explores the capacity of (poly)phenols to promote beneficial gut bacteria through their direct and collaborative bacterial utilization and their inhibitory action on potential pathogenic species. We propose the term duplibiotic, to describe an unabsorbed substrate modulating the gut microbiota by both antimicrobial and prebiotic modes of action. (Poly)phenol duplibiotic effect could participate in blunting metabolic disturbance and gut dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as dietary strategies with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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119
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Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136825. [PMID: 34202073 PMCID: PMC8297196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eating behaviour is characterised by a solid balance between homeostatic and hedonic regulatory mechanisms at the central level and highly influenced by peripheral signals. Among these signals, those generated by the gut microbiota have achieved relevance in recent years. Despite this complex regulation, under certain circumstances eating behaviour can be deregulated becoming addictive. Although there is still an ongoing debate about the food addiction concept, studies agree that patients with eating addictive behaviour present similar symptoms to those experienced by drug addicts, by affecting central areas involved in the control of motivated behaviour. In this context, this review tries to summarise the main data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in eating behaviour and how a gut dysbiosis can be responsible for a maladaptive behaviour such as “food addiction”.
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120
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Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061302. [PMID: 34203876 PMCID: PMC8232674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.
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121
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Solito A, Bozzi Cionci N, Calgaro M, Caputo M, Vannini L, Hasballa I, Archero F, Giglione E, Ricotti R, Walker GE, Petri A, Agosti E, Bellomo G, Aimaretti G, Bona G, Bellone S, Amoruso A, Pane M, Di Gioia D, Vitulo N, Prodam F. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4585-4594. [PMID: 34229263 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Variations in gut microbiota might impact metabolism leading to body weight excess. We assessed the impact of a probiotic supplementation in pediatric obesity on weight, metabolic alterations, selected gut microbial groups, and functionality. METHODS Cross-over, double-blind, randomized control trial (BIFI-OBESE trial; NCT03261466). 101 youths (6-18 years, Tanner stage ≥2) with obesity and insulin-resistance on diet were randomized to 2 × 109 CFU/AFU/day of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM 16604) and B. breve B632 (DSM 24706) (51) or placebo (50) for 8 weeks with a 4-weeks wash-out period. RESULTS All subjects (M/F 54/47) completed the first 8 weeks, and 82 (M/F 43/39) the last part without adverse events. Mixed-effects models revealed a carry-over effect on many variables in the entire study, narrowing the analysis to the first 8 weeks before the wash-out periods. All subjects improved metabolic parameters, and decreased weight and Escherichia coli counts. Probiotics improved insulin sensitivity at fasting (QUICKI, 0.013 CI95%0.0-0.03) and during OGTT (ISI, 0.654 CI95%-0.11-1.41). Cytokines, GLP1, and target microbial counts did not vary. Of 25 SCFAs, acetic acid and acetic acid pentyl-ester relative abundance remained stable in the probiotics, while increased in the placebo (p < 0.02). A signature of five butanoic esters identified three clusters, one of them had better glucose responses during probiotics. CONCLUSION An 8 weeks treatment with B. breve BR03 and B632 had beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity in youths with obesity. Microbiota functionality could influence metabolic answers to probiotics. Long-term studies to confirm and enrich our findings are justified. Tailored probiotic treatments could be an additional strategy for obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03261466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Solito
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Iderina Hasballa
- SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Francesca Archero
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Enza Giglione
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricotti
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Petri
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bellomo
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | | | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy.
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Effects of BDE-209 exposure on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes, and intestinal microbiome in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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123
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Abot A, Wemelle E, Laurens C, Paquot A, Pomie N, Carper D, Bessac A, Mas Orea X, Fremez C, Fontanie M, Lucas A, Lesage J, Everard A, Meunier E, Dietrich G, Muccioli GG, Moro C, Cani PD, Knauf C. Identification of new enterosynes using prebiotics: roles of bioactive lipids and mu-opioid receptor signalling in humans and mice. Gut 2021; 70:1078-1087. [PMID: 33020209 PMCID: PMC8108281 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a key role in controlling the gut-brain axis under normal and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. The discovery of intestinal actors, such as enterosynes, able to modulate the ENS-induced duodenal contraction is considered an innovative approach. Among all the intestinal factors, the understanding of the role of gut microbes in controlling glycaemia is still developed. We studied whether the modulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics could permit the identification of novel enterosynes. DESIGN We measured the effects of prebiotics on the production of bioactive lipids in the intestine and tested the identified lipid on ENS-induced contraction and glucose metabolism. Then, we studied the signalling pathways involved and compared the results obtained in mice to human. RESULTS We found that modulating the gut microbiota with prebiotics modifies the actions of enteric neurons, thereby controlling duodenal contraction and subsequently attenuating hyperglycaemia in diabetic mice. We discovered that the signalling pathway involved in these effects depends on the synthesis of a bioactive lipid 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and the presence of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) on enteric neurons. Using pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the key role of the MOR receptors and proliferator-activated receptor γ for the effects of 12-HETE. These findings are supported by human data showing a decreased expression of the proenkephalin and MOR messanger RNAs in the duodenum of patients with diabetic. CONCLUSIONS Using a prebiotic approach, we identified enkephalin and 12-HETE as new enterosynes with potential real beneficial and safety impact in diabetic human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,Enterosys, CRO, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Eve Wemelle
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Claire Laurens
- CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,CNES, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Arnaud Bessac
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France,IPBS, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Lesage
- Lille 2 University of Health and Law, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Patrice D Cani
- European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium .,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, INSERM, Toulouse, Occitanie, France .,European Associated Laboratory (EAL) NeuroMicrobiota, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
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Pujo J, Petitfils C, Le Faouder P, Eeckhaut V, Payros G, Maurel S, Perez-Berezo T, Van Hul M, Barreau F, Blanpied C, Chavanas S, Van Immerseel F, Bertrand-Michel J, Oswald E, Knauf C, Dietrich G, Cani PD, Cenac N. Bacteria-derived long chain fatty acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in colitis. Gut 2021; 70:1088-1097. [PMID: 32978245 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data from clinical research suggest that certain probiotic bacterial strains have the potential to modulate colonic inflammation. Nonetheless, these data differ between studies due to the probiotic bacterial strains used and the poor knowledge of their mechanisms of action. DESIGN By mass-spectrometry, we identified and quantified free long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in probiotics and assessed the effect of one of them in mouse colitis. RESULTS Among all the LCFAs quantified by mass spectrometry in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a probiotic used for the treatment of multiple intestinal disorders, the concentration of 3-hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (C18-3OH) was increased in EcN compared with other E. coli strains tested. Oral administration of C18-3OH decreased colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. To determine whether other bacteria composing the microbiota are able to produce C18-3OH, we targeted the gut microbiota of mice with prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The anti-inflammatory properties of FOS were associated with an increase in colonic C18-3OH concentration. Microbiota analyses revealed that the concentration of C18-3OH was correlated with an increase in the abundance in Allobaculum, Holdemanella and Parabacteroides. In culture, Holdemanella biformis produced high concentration of C18-3OH. Finally, using TR-FRET binding assay and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that the C18-3OH is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. CONCLUSION The production of C18-3OH by bacteria could be one of the mechanisms implicated in the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics. The production of LCFA-3OH by bacteria could be implicated in the microbiota/host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pujo
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Payros
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Maurel
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Teresa Perez-Berezo
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephane Chavanas
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de bactériologie-hygiène, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM/UCLouvain, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM/UCLouvain, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Zhang Z, Lin T, Meng Y, Hu M, Shu L, Jiang H, Gao R, Ma J, Wang C, Zhou X. FOS/GOS attenuates high-fat diet induced bone loss via reversing microbiota dysbiosis, high intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation in mice. Metabolism 2021; 119:154767. [PMID: 33753088 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and osteoporosis frequently coexist, and might have a causal relationship. Gut microbiota, associated with both lipid and bone metabolism, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of excessive fat accumulation and bone loss. The improvement of intestinal flora by prebiotics was a promising strategy for ameliorating obesity-related bone loss. METHODS Obesity model was established by feeding mice with high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and/or galactooligosaccharides (GOS) were daily gavaged to mice. Osteoblastic, adipocytic, and osteoclastic differentiation was performed on primary cells isolated from experimental mice. The composition of gut flora was evaluated by 16s rDNA sequencing. Expression of intestinal junction proteins was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Cytokine levels were measured by qPCR. RESULTS Long-term HFD caused decreased bone mass in mice, which was associated with decreased osteogenesis, increased osteoclastogenesis, and excessive adipogenesis. FOS/GOS treatment significantly alleviated HFD-induced bone loss and reversed the imbalanced differentiation of osteoblasts, adipocytes, and osteoclasts. In addition, our study showed that FOS/GOS administration ameliorated microbiota dysbiosis (manifested as enhanced Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio and reduced biodiversity), downregulated expression of intestinal junction proteins (including Claudin1, Claudin15, ZO-1, and JAM-A), and increased inflammatory cytokines (including TNFα, IL6, and IL17) in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSION Long-term HFD led to decreased bone mass, with microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic inflammation. The administration of FOS/GOS could significantly increase biodiversity and SCFA concentrations of intestinal flora in HFD fed mice, then reverse high gut permeability and inflammatory cytokines, in the end protect against HFD induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China; College of basic medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China; College of basic medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China; College of basic medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.
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The Function of Gastrointestinal Hormones in Obesity-Implications for the Regulation of Energy Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061839. [PMID: 34072172 PMCID: PMC8226753 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of obesity and the challenges of prevention prompted researchers to investigate the mechanisms that control food intake. Food ingestion triggers several physiological responses in the digestive system, including the release of gastrointestinal hormones from enteroendocrine cells that are involved in appetite signalling. Disturbed regulation of gut hormone release may affect energy homeostasis and contribute to obesity. In this review, we summarize the changes that occur in the gut hormone balance during the pre- and postprandial state in obesity and the alterations in the diurnal dynamics of their plasma levels. We further discuss how obesity may affect nutrient sensors on enteroendocrine cells that sense the luminal content and provoke alterations in their secretory profile. Gastric bypass surgery elicits one of the most favorable metabolic outcomes in obese patients. We summarize the effect of different strategies to induce weight loss on gut enteroendocrine function. Although the mechanisms underlying obesity are not fully understood, restoring the gut hormone balance in obesity by targeting nutrient sensors or by combination therapy with gut peptide mimetics represents a novel strategy to ameliorate obesity.
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Zhang T, Zhu X, Guo J, Gu AZ, Li D, Chen J. Toxicity Assessment of Nano-ZnO Exposure on the Human Intestinal Microbiome, Metabolic Functions, and Resistome Using an In Vitro Colon Simulator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6884-6896. [PMID: 33969685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nano-ZnO, as a commonly used nanomaterial, has been found in drinking water, food, and medicine; therefore, it poses potential health risks via the digestion system. However, little is known about the toxicity of nano-ZnO on the human intestinal microbiome, which plays critical roles in human health. This study comprehensively investigated the impact of nano-ZnO on the human gut microbiome, metabolic functions, and resistome using an in vitro colon simulator. Nano-ZnO induced concentration-dependent decreases in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metagenomic analysis revealed that nano-ZnO not only led to dose-dependent shifts in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota but also changed the key functional pathways of the gut microbiome. Although the diversity of the gut microbiota basically recovered after stopping exposure to nano-ZnO, SCFAs still showed a concentration-dependent decrease. Furthermore, although a medium concentration of nano-ZnO (2.5 mg/L) reduced the abundance of many antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by inhibiting the growth of related host bacteria, a low concentration of nano-ZnO (0.1 mg/L) greatly enriched the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. Our findings provide evidence that nano-ZnO can impact the diversity, metabolism, and functional pathways of the human gut microbiome, as well as the gut resistome, highlighting the potential health effects of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Fan L, Liu B, Han Z, Ren W. Insights into host-microbe interaction: What can we do for the swine industry? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:17-23. [PMID: 33997327 PMCID: PMC8110873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have underscored the cross-talk between intestinal microbes and their hosts. Notably, intestinal microbiota impacts the development, physiological function and social behavior of hosts. This influence usually revolves around the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). In this review, we firstly outline the impacts of the host on colonization of intestinal microorganisms, and then highlight the influence of intestinal microbiota on hosts focusing on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and tryptophan metabolite-mediated MGBA. We also discuss the intervention of intestinal microbial metabolism by dietary supplements, which may provide new strategies for improving the welfare and production of pigs. Overall, we summarize a state-of-the-art theory that gut microbiome affects brain functions via metabolites from dietary macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Liébana-García R, Olivares M, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, López-Almela I, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y. The gut microbiota as a versatile immunomodulator in obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101542. [PMID: 33980476 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with chronic-low-grade inflammation and metabolic morbidities. Energy-dense diets and a sedentary lifestyle are determinants of obesity. The gut microbiome is a novel biological factor involved in obesity via interactions with the host and the diet. The gut microbiome act as a synergistic force protecting or aggravating the effects of the diet on the metabolic phenotype. The role of the microbiome in the regulation of intestinal and systemic immunity is one of the mechanisms by which it contributes to the host's response to the diet and to the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity. Here, we review the mechanisms whereby "obesogenic" diets and the microbiome impact immunity, locally and systemically, focusing on the consequences in the gut-adipose tissue axis. We also review the structural and microbial metabolites that influence immunity and how advances in this field could help design microbiome-informed strategies to tackle obesity-related disorders more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Liébana-García
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Khakisahneh S, Zhang XY, Nouri Z, Wang DH. Cecal microbial transplantation attenuates hyperthyroid-induced thermogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:817-831. [PMID: 33729663 PMCID: PMC8913869 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothermic mammals have a high energy cost to maintain a stable and high body temperature (Tb , around 37°C). Thyroid hormones are a major regulator for energy metabolism and Tb . The gut microbiota is involved in modulating host energy metabolism. However, whether the interaction between the gut microbiota and thyroid hormones is involved in metabolic and thermal regulations is unclear. We hypothesized that thyroid hormones via an interaction with gut microbiota orchestrate host thermogenesis and Tb . l-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and Tb , whereas Methimazole-induced hypothyroid animals decreased RMR. Both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid animals differed significantly in faecal bacterial community. Hyperthyroidism increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Helicobacter and Rikenella, and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria Butyricimonas and Parabacteroides, accompanied by reduced total bile acids and short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the hyperthyroid gerbils transplanted with the microbiota from control donors increased type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) expression in the liver and showed a greater rate of decline of both serum T3 and T4 levels and, consequently, a more rapid recovery of normal RMR and Tb . These findings indicate that thyroid hormones regulate thermogenesis depending on gut microbiota and colonization with normal microbiota by caecal microbial transplantation attenuates hyperthyroid-induced thermogenesis. This work reveals the functional consequences of the gut microbiota-thyroid axis in controlling host metabolic physiology and Tb in endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khakisahneh
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zahra Nouri
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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131
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Huang J, Shan W, Li F, Wang Z, Cheng J, Lu F, Guo E, Beejadhursing R, Xiao R, Liu C, Yang B, Li X, Fu Y, Xi L, Wang S, Ma D, Chen G, Sun C. Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates vaginal atrophy in ovariectomized mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7589-7607. [PMID: 33658399 PMCID: PMC7993734 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common menopause-related symptom affecting more than 50% of midlife and older women and cancer patients whose ovarian function are lost or damaged. Regardless of estrogen deficiency, whether other factors such as the gut microbiota play role in VVA have not been thoroughly investigated. To this end, we performed ovariectomy on 12-weeks’ old mice and follow-up at 4 weeks after ovariectomy, and observed atrophied vagina and an altered gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice.. We further performed fecal microbiota transplantation with feces from another cohort of ovary-intact fecund female mice to the ovariectomized ones, and found that the vaginal epithelial atrophy was significantly alleviated as well as the gut microbiota was pointedly changed. All these results suggest that ovarian activity has some influence on the gut microbiota, and the latter from the ovary-intact female mice can somehow make the vagina of mice deficient in ovarian function healthier maybe by up-expressing ESR1 in vaginal cells and enhancing regeneration in vagina. This kind of association between gut microbiota and vaginal health need further exploration such that it may provide an alternative treatment by modulating gut microbiota in patients suffering from VVA but may be reluctant to hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Shan
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxia Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhuo Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Funian Lu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajluxmee Beejadhursing
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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132
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Li D, Gao C, Zhang F, Yang R, Lan C, Ma Y, Wang J. Seven facts and five initiatives for gut microbiome research. Protein Cell 2021; 11:391-400. [PMID: 32172500 PMCID: PMC7251010 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Li
- Beijing Rexinchang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Chunhui Gao
- Beijing Rexinchang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
- Division of Microbiotherapy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Canhui Lan
- Beijing Rexinchang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Yonghui Ma
- Centre for Bioethics, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
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133
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Cheng CK, Wang C, Shang W, Lau CW, Luo JY, Wang L, Huang Y. A high methionine and low folate diet alters glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100921. [PMID: 33537464 PMCID: PMC7838713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered as a risk factor for several complications, including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. A high methionine low folate (HMLF) diet chronically causes HHcy by accumulating homocysteine in the systemic circulation. Elevated Hcy level is also associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, very few studies focus on the impact of HMLF diet on glucose homeostasis, and that on gut microbiome profile. HHcy was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a HMLF diet for 8 weeks. The HMLF diet feeding resulted in a progressive body weight loss, and development of slight glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HHcy mice. Notably, the HMLF diet alters the gut microbiome profile and increases the relative abundance of porphyromonadaceae family of bacteria in HHcy mice. These findings provide new insights into the roles of dysregulated glucose homeostasis and gut flora in the pathogenesis of HHcy-related complications.
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Key Words
- 16S rRNA sequencing
- Glucose homeostasis
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- HMLF diet
- HMLF, high methionine low folate
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
- LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NMDS, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Porphyromonadaceae
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acids
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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134
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Qi M, Tan B, Wang J, Liao S, Deng Y, Ji P, Song T, Zha A, Yin Y. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: A novel nutritional therapeutic target for growth retardation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4867-4892. [PMID: 33523720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth retardation (GR), which commonly occurs in childhood, is a major health concern globally. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. It has been increasingly recognized that changes in the gut microbiota may lead to GR through affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiota interacts with multiple factors such as birth to affect the growth of individuals. Microbiota communicates with the nerve system through chemical signaling (direct entry into the circulation system or stimulation of enteroendocrine cells) and nervous signaling (interaction with enteric nerve system and vagus nerve), which modulates appetite and immune response. Besides, they may also influence the function of enteric glial cells or lymphocytes and levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Environmental stress may cause leaky gut through perturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to further result in GR. Nutritional therapies involving probiotics and pre-/postbiotics are being investigated for helping the patients to overcome GR. In this review, we summarize the role of microbiota in GR with human and animal models. Then, existing and potential regulatory mechanisms are reviewed, especially the effect of microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we propose nutritional therapeutic strategies for GR by the intervention of microbiota-gut-brain axis, which may provide novel perspectives for the treatment of GR in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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135
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Abstract
Blood glucose and insulin homeostasis is disrupted during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Insulin levels and action are regulated by both peripheral and central responses that involve the intestine and microbiome. The intestine and its microbiota process nutrients and generate molecules that influence blood glucose and insulin. Peripheral insulin regulation is regulated by gut-segment-dependent nutrient sensing and microbial factors such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids that engage G-protein-coupled receptors. Innate immune sensing of gut-derived bacterial cell wall components and lipopolysaccharides also alter insulin homeostasis. These bacterial metabolites and postbiotics influence insulin secretion and insulin clearance in part by altering endocrine responses such as glucagon-like peptide-1. Gut-derived bacterial factors can promote inflammation and insulin resistance, but other postbiotics can be insulin sensitizers. In parallel, activation of small intestinal sirtuin 1 increases insulin sensitivity by reversing high fat-induced hypothalamic insulin resistance through a gut-brain neuronal axis, whereas high fat-feeding alters small intestinal microbiome and increases taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the plasma and the dorsal vagal complex to induce insulin resistance. In summary, emerging evidence indicates that intestinal molecular signaling involving nutrient sensing and the host-microbe symbiosis alters insulin homeostasis and action. Gut-derived host endocrine and paracrine factors as well as microbial metabolites act on the liver, pancreas, and the brain, and in parallel on the gut-brain neuronal axis. Understanding common nodes of peripheral and central insulin homeostasis and action may reveal new ways to target the intestinal host-microbe relationship in obesity, metabolic disease, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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136
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Silpe J, Balskus EP. Deciphering Human Microbiota-Host Chemical Interactions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:20-29. [PMID: 33532566 PMCID: PMC7844856 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our gut harbors more microbes than any other body site, and accumulating evidence suggests that these organisms have a sizable impact on human health. Though efforts to classify the metabolic activities that define this microbial community have transformed the way we think about health and disease, our knowledge of gut microbially produced small molecules and their effects on host biology remains in its infancy. This Outlook surveys a range of approaches, hurdles, and advances in defining the chemical repertoire of the gut microbiota, drawing on examples with particularly strong links to human health. Progress toward understanding and manipulating this chemical language is being made with diverse chemical and biological expertise and could hold the key for combatting certain human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
E. Silpe
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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137
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Gizard F, Fernandez A, De Vadder F. Interactions between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 13:1178638820980490. [PMID: 33402830 PMCID: PMC7745561 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820980490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is now recognized as a major contributor to the host’s nutrition, metabolism, immunity, and neurological functions. Imbalanced microbiota (ie, dysbiosis) is linked to undernutrition-induced stunting, inflammatory and metabolic diseases, and cancers. Skeletal muscle also takes part in the interorgan crosstalk regulating substrate metabolism, immunity, and health. Here, we review the reciprocal influence of gut microbiota and skeletal muscle in relation to juvenile growth, performance, aging, and chronic diseases. Several routes involving the vascular system and organs such as the liver and adipose tissue connect the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle, with effects on fitness and health. Therapeutic perspectives arise from the health benefits observed with changes in gut microbiota and muscle activity, further encouraging multimodal therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gizard
- Mammalian Cell Biology Group, Institute of Human Genetics UMR9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Fernandez
- Mammalian Cell Biology Group, Institute of Human Genetics UMR9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Filipe De Vadder
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, Lyon, France
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138
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Chachlaki K, Prevot V. Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5437-5458. [PMID: 31347144 PMCID: PMC7707094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make continual adjustments to function in response to moment-to-moment changes in physiological input. Here, we summarize the progress in the field and argue that NO-synthetizing neurons and NO signalling in the brain provide a core hub for integrating sensory- and homeostatic-related cues, control key bodily functions, and provide a potential target for new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine and behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
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139
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Zhou Z, Ge S, Li Y, Ma W, Liu Y, Hu S, Zhang R, Ma Y, Du K, Syed A, Chen P. Human Gut Microbiome-Based Knowledgebase as a Biomarker Screening Tool to Improve the Predicted Probability for Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596027. [PMID: 33329482 PMCID: PMC7717945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common clinical malignancy globally ranked as the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. Some microbes are known to contribute to adenoma-carcinoma transition and possess diagnostic potential. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology and functional studies have provided significant insights into the landscape of the gut microbiome and the fundamental roles of its components in carcinogenesis. Integration of scattered knowledge is highly beneficial for future progress. In this study, literature review and information extraction were performed, with the aim of integrating the available data resources and facilitating comparative research. A knowledgebase of the human CRC microbiome was compiled to facilitate understanding of diagnosis, and the global signatures of CRC microbes, sample types, algorithms, differential microorganisms and various panels of markers plus their diagnostic performance were evaluated based on statistical and phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, prospects about current changelings and solution strategies were outlined for identifying future research directions. This type of data integration strategy presents an effective platform for inquiry and comparison of relevant information, providing a tool for further study about CRC-related microbes and exploration of factors promoting clinical transformation (available at: http://gsbios.com/index/experimental/dts_ mben?id=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Ge
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wantong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shujian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rentao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kangjia Du
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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140
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Mishima Y, Ishihara S. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbiota-Mediated Pathology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228664. [PMID: 33212919 PMCID: PMC7698457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, and accumulating evidence gained in both preclinical and clinical studies indicate the involvement of enteric microbiota in its pathogenesis. Gut resident microbiota appear to influence brain activity through the enteric nervous system, while their composition and function are affected by the central nervous system. Based on these results, the term “brain–gut–microbiome axis” has been proposed and enteric microbiota have become a potential therapeutic target in IBS cases. However, details regarding the microbe-related pathophysiology of IBS remain elusive. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IBS as well as recent progress related to microbiome-derived neurotransmitters, compounds, metabolites, neuroendocrine factors, and enzymes.
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141
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Li J, Pang B, Yan X, Shang X, Hu X, Shi J. Prebiotic properties of different polysaccharide fractions from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds evaluated by simulated digestion and in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:414-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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142
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Hu JS, Huang YY, Kuang JH, Yu JJ, Zhou QY, Liu DM. Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 Promotes Recovery in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111650. [PMID: 33114373 PMCID: PMC7693992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common side effect of antibiotics and is routinely treated with probiotics in clinical. Streptococcus thermophiles, extensively utilized for producing dairy foods, has recently been regarded as a new promising probiotic candidate. In this study, the efficacy of Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 (DMST-H2) for AAD treatment in mice was investigated. DMST-H2 was isolated from Chinese traditional yogurt, proved to be non-toxic, and presented tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed that it possessed genes related to acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, oxidative stress and bacteriocin production. The animal experiment results showed that both DMST-H2 treatment and natural recovery could reduce fecal water content. Compared with spontaneous recovery, DMST-H2 accelerated the recovery of the enlarged caecum and intestinal barrier injury from AAD, and further decreased endotoxin (ET), D-lactate (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) content in serum. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) were reduced, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) increased after treating with DMST-H2. Furthermore, DMST-H2 better restored the structure of intestinal flora. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased. These findings indicate that DMST-H2 could promote recovery in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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143
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Wu J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Kong L, Johnston LJ, Lu L, Ma X. Dietary nutrients shape gut microbes and intestinal mucosa via epigenetic modifications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:783-797. [PMID: 33043708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- West Central Research & Outreach Centre, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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144
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Guo L, Wu Y, Wang C, Wei H, Tan J, Sun H, Jiang S, Peng J. Gut Microbiological Disorders Reduce Semen Utilization Rate in Duroc Boars. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581926. [PMID: 33133051 PMCID: PMC7578402 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rising evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely related to host health, the effects of gut microbiota on male fertility are still rarely explored. This study was to investigate the gut microbiota composition and function, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammatory status of Duroc boar with high (H group, 100%) and low (L group, <80%) semen utilization rate. Fecal samples, analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, displayed taxonomic and functional changes between boars with high and low semen utilization rates. For the gut microbiota composition of the boars, four genera were different between the two groups. The [Ruminococcus] and Sphingobium were enriched in L group boars, then negatively correlated with the semen utilization rate. While RFN20 and Paludibacter were enhanced in the H group, only RFN20 showed a significantly positive correlation with the semen utilization rate of boars. In addition, changes in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota of the two groups were found, including altered branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) production. Significant increases in plasma endotoxin, zonulin, diamine oxidase, and lipocalin-2 levels were observed in boars with low semen utilization, and also, a similar trend in IL-6 and TNF-α was found. However, the concentration of IL-10 in plasma of boars with high semen utilization rate showed an increasing tendency. These results indicated increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation in boars with low semen utilization. Data showed that the composition and functions of gut microbiota varied between boars with high or low semen utilization rates, while the semen utilization rate is notably correlated with the gut microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammatory status of the boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajian Tan
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Levy E, Delvin E, Marcil V, Spahis S. Can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E689-E708. [PMID: 32755302 PMCID: PMC7518070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00298.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks, the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ∼17,300,000 cases and ∼672,000 (∼+1,500/day) deaths globally (as of July 31, 2020). The potentially fatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, gastrointestinal, hematological, nervous, and renal systems. The dramatic scale of disorders and complications arises from the inadequacy of current treatments and absence of a vaccine and specific anti-COVID-19 drugs to suppress viral replication, inflammation, and additional pathogenic conditions. This highlights the importance of understanding the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of actions and the urgent need of prospecting for new or alternative treatment options. The main objective of the present review is to discuss the challenging issue relative to the clinical utility of plants-derived polyphenols in fighting viral infections. Not only is the strong capacity of polyphenols highlighted in magnifying health benefits, but the underlying mechanisms are also stressed. Finally, emphasis is placed on the potential ability of polyphenols to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection via the regulation of its molecular targets of human cellular binding and replication, as well as through the resulting host inflammation, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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146
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Hopson LM, Singleton SS, David JA, Basuchoudhary A, Prast-Nielsen S, Klein P, Sen S, Mazumder R. Bioinformatics and machine learning in gastrointestinal microbiome research and clinical application. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:141-178. [PMID: 33814114 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community currently defines the human microbiome as all the bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and eukaryotes that occupy the human body. When considering the variable locations, composition, diversity, and abundance of our microbial symbionts, the sheer volume of microorganisms reaches hundreds of trillions. With the onset of next generation sequencing (NGS), also known as high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies, the barriers to studying the human microbiome lowered significantly, making in-depth microbiome research accessible. Certain locations on the human body, such as the gastrointestinal, oral, nasal, and skin microbiomes have been heavily studied through community-focused projects like the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). In particular, the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) has received significant attention due to links to neurological, immunological, and metabolic diseases, as well as cancer. Though HTS technologies allow deeper exploration of the GM, data informing the functional characteristics of microbiota and resulting effects on human function or disease are still sparse. This void is compounded by microbiome variability observed among humans through factors like genetics, environment, diet, metabolic activity, and even exercise; making GM research inherently difficult to study. This chapter describes an interdisciplinary approach to GM research with the goal of mitigating the hindrances of translating findings into a clinical setting. By applying tools and knowledge from microbiology, metagenomics, bioinformatics, machine learning, predictive modeling, and clinical study data from children with treatment-resistant epilepsy, we describe a proof-of-concept approach to clinical translation and precision application of GM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Hopson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephanie S Singleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John A David
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Atin Basuchoudhary
- Department of Economics and Business, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Klein
- Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Raja Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
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147
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Leyrolle Q, Cserjesi R, Mulders MDGH, Zamariola G, Hiel S, Gianfrancesco MA, Rodriguez J, Portheault D, Amadieu C, Leclercq S, Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Karkkainen O, Hanhineva K, Lanthier N, Trefois P, Paquot N, Cnop M, Thissen JP, Klein O, Luminet O, Delzenne NM. Specific gut microbial, biological, and psychiatric profiling related to binge eating disorders: A cross-sectional study in obese patients. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2035-2044. [PMID: 33023763 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge eating disorder (BED) is a frequent eating disorder associated with obesity and co-morbidities including psychiatric pathologies, which represent a big health burden on the society. The biological processes related to BED remain unknown. Based on psychological testing, anthropometry, clinical biology, gut microbiota analysis and metabolomic assessment, we aimed to examine the complex biological and psychiatric profile of obese patients with and without BED. METHODS Psychological and biological characteristics (anthropometry, plasma biology, gut microbiota, blood pressure) of 101 obese subjects from the Food4Gut cohort were analysed to decipher the differences between BED and Non BED patients, classified based on the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Q-EDD). Microbial 16S rDNA sequencing and plasma non-targeted metabolomics (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) were performed in a subcohort of 91 and 39 patients respectively. RESULTS BED subjects exhibited an impaired affect balance, deficits in inhibition and self-regulation together with marked alterations of eating behaviour (increased emotional and external eating). BED subjects displayed a lower blood pressure and hip circumference. A decrease in Akkermansia and Intestimonas as well as an increase in Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes characterized BED subjects. Interestingly, metabolomics analysis revealed that BED subjects displayed a higher level of one food contaminants, Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H(2)O) and a food derived-metabolite the Isovalerylcarnitine. CONCLUSIONS Non-targeted omics approaches allow to select specific microbial genera and two plasma metabolites that characterize BED obese patients. Further studies are needed to confirm their potential role as drivers or biomarkers of binge eating disorder. Food4gut, clinicaltrial.gov:NCT03852069, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03852069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Leyrolle
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renata Cserjesi
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maria D G H Mulders
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Zamariola
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hiel
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco A Gianfrancesco
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daphnée Portheault
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Amadieu
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, UClouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, UClouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olli Karkkainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de recherche expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Trefois
- Medical Imaging Department, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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148
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Zhou X, Zhang Z, Huang F, Yang C, Huang Q. In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation by Human Fecal Microbiota of Polysaccharides from Flaxseed. Molecules 2020; 25:E4354. [PMID: 32977374 PMCID: PMC7582239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestion of flaxseed polysaccharides (FSP) in simulated saliva, gastric and small intestine conditions was assessed, as well as in vitro fermentation of FSP by human gut microbiota. FSP was not degraded in the simulated digestive systems (there was no change in molecular weight or content of reducing sugars), indicating that ingested FSP would reach the large intestine intact. Changes in carbohydrate content, reducing sugars and culture pH suggested that FSP could be broken down and used by gut microbiota. FSP modulated the composition and structure of the gut microbiota by altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the relative abundances of Prevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Clostridium and Megamonas, which can degrade polysaccharides. Meanwhile, FSP fermentation increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionic and butyric acids. Our results indicate that FSP might be developed as a functional food that benefits gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chen Yang
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (F.H.); (Q.H.)
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Wu D, Vinitchaikul P, Deng M, Zhang G, Sun L, Gou X, Mao H, Yang S. Host and altitude factors affect rumen bacteria in cattle. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1573-1583. [PMID: 32949385 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many kinds of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, some of which are closely related to the host. Rumen microorganisms are essential for normal physiological activities of their host by decomposing plant crude lignin and providing essential nutrients. The composition and diversity of this microbial population are influenced by the host, environment, and diet. Despite its importance, little is known about the effects of factors such as altitude variation on rumen microbial population abundance and diversity in different ruminants. Here, we described the changes in overall rumen bacteria in four groups of cattle, including the Zhongdian yellow cattle and Zhongdian yaks, grazing at high altitudes (3600 m); the Jiangcheng yellow cattle and Jiangcheng buffalo were kept at an altitude of 1100 m. We found that there was a significant difference in rumen bacterial abundance of the Zhongdian yellow cattle and Zhongdian yaks at high altitude and there was obvious homogeneity in rumen bacterial abundance and diversity in the Jiangcheng yellow cattle and Jiangcheng buffalo at low altitude. Therefore, our research concluded that under the same dietary environment, there were differences in the abundance and diversity of certain bacteria in the rumen of different breeds of cattle, indicating that host genetic factors and intestinal microorganisms related to altitudinal variation had a greater influence on rumen bacterial abundance in the cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mingyue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Yuen KCJ, Masel BE, Reifschneider KL, Sheffield-Moore M, Urban RJ, Pyles RB. Alterations of the GH/IGF-I Axis and Gut Microbiome after Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Clinical Syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5862647. [PMID: 32585029 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pituitary dysfunction with abnormal growth hormone (GH) secretion and neurocognitive deficits are common consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recognizing the comorbidity of these symptoms is of clinical importance; however, efficacious treatment is currently lacking. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A review of studies in PubMed published between January 1980 to March 2020 and ongoing clinical trials was conducted using the search terms "growth hormone," "traumatic brain injury," and "gut microbiome." EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Increasing evidence has implicated the effects of TBI in promoting an interplay of ischemia, cytotoxicity, and inflammation that renders a subset of patients to develop postinjury hypopituitarism, severe fatigue, and impaired cognition and behavioral processes. Recent data have suggested an association between abnormal GH secretion and altered gut microbiome in TBI patients, thus prompting the description of a hypothesized new clinical syndrome called "brain injury associated fatigue and altered cognition." Notably, these patients demonstrate distinct characteristics from those with GH deficiency from other non-TBI causes in that their symptom complex improves significantly with recombinant human GH treatment, but does not reverse the underlying mechanistic cause as symptoms typically recur upon treatment cessation. CONCLUSION The reviewed data describe the importance of alterations of the GH/insulin-like growth factor I axis and gut microbiome after brain injury and its influence in promoting neurocognitive and behavioral deficits in a bidirectional relationship, and highlight a new clinical syndrome that may exist in a subset of TBI patients in whom recombinant human GH therapy could significantly improve symptomatology. More studies are needed to further characterize this clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C J Yuen
- Barrow Pituitary Center, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Kent L Reifschneider
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Specialty Group, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Randall J Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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