101
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Duda M, Wartalski K, Tabarowski Z, Gorczyca G. The Role of Androgens in Ovarian Follicular Development: From Fertility to Ovarian Cancer. Theriogenology 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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102
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Ma X, Hayes E, Biswas A, Seger C, Prizant H, Hammes SR, Sen A. Androgens Regulate Ovarian Gene Expression Through Modulation of Ezh2 Expression and Activity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2944-2954. [PMID: 28666321 PMCID: PMC5659665 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A substantial amount of evidence suggests that androgen signaling through classical androgen receptors is critical for both normal and pathologic ovarian physiology. Specifically, we and others have shown that, in mouse granulosa cells, androgen actions through both extranuclear and nuclear androgen receptor signaling are critical for normal follicle development and ovulation. Here, we show that androgens through the PI3K/Akt pathway rapidly (within minutes) phosphorylate and inhibit activity of the Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2). Over the course of 24 to 48 hours, androgens then induce expression of the microRNA miR-101, which targets Ezh2 messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to a nearly complete loss of Ezh2 protein expression. This long-term androgen-induced loss of Ezh2 actions ultimately results in sustained reduction of the H3K27me3-repressive mark in the promoter region of the Runt-related transcription factor-1 (Runx1) gene, a luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced transcription factor essential for ovulation, leading to increased Runx1 mRNA expression. Accordingly, blocking androgen-induced inhibition of Ezh2 in vivo adversely affects LH-induced Runx1 mRNA expression and subsequent ovulation. Importantly, although estrogen treatment of granulosa cells similarly causes rapid activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and short-term phosphorylation of Ezh2, it does not induce miR-101 expression and thereby does not reduce overall Ezh2 expression, demonstrating the androgen specificity of long-term Ezh2 suppression. Thus, this study provides insight regarding how androgen-induced extranuclear kinase signaling and intranuclear transcription through Ezh2 modifications may influence the expression pattern of genes, ultimately affecting various downstream physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Stephen R. Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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103
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Dam PTM, Jang YJ, Kim JY, Choi SG, Park JI, Seo YW, Chun SY. Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14 during ovulation in the rat. Endocr J 2017; 64:797-805. [PMID: 28701684 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone is metabolized to the weak androgen 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol) by the enzyme aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14 (Akr1c14) in rodents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulation of Akr1c14 expression during the ovulatory process in rat ovaries. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment of immature rats with equine chorionic gonadotropin resulted in lowered Akr1c14 expression, whereas subsequent treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased ovarian Akr1c14 expression within 3 h. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Akr1c14 mRNA was localized in granulosa cells of growing follicles before hCG treatment, but it was also expressed in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles after hCG treatment. Akr1c14 protein expression increased after 6 h of hCG treatment and was sustained at high levels until 12 h. The levels of 3α-diol in preovulatory follicles isolated from ovaries in vivo were fluctuated by hCG treatment; decreased at 6 h and increased at 9 h. Human CG-induced Akr1c14 expression was suppressed by treatment with the progesterone receptor antagonist RU486, but not with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the induction of Akr1c14 by hCG in granulosa cells of rat preovulatory follicles that was regulated by progesterone receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T M Dam
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jee Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yeon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Chun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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104
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Ji SY, Liu XM, Li BT, Zhang YL, Liu HB, Zhang YC, Chen ZJ, Liu J, Fan HY. The polycystic ovary syndrome-associated gene Yap1 is regulated by gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones in hyperandrogenism-induced oligo-ovulation in mouse. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:698-707. [PMID: 28961951 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Ji
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Man Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Bo-Tai Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin-Li Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Yu-Chao Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Junping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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105
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Abide Yayla C, Ozkaya E, Kayatas Eser S, Sanverdi I, Devranoglu B, Kutlu T. Association of basal serum androgen levels with ovarian response and ICSI cycle outcome. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:409-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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106
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Morales-Ledesma L, Díaz Ramos JA, Trujillo Hernández A. Polycystic ovary syndrome induced by exposure to testosterone propionate and effects of sympathectomy on the persistence of the syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:50. [PMID: 28693534 PMCID: PMC5504549 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 México, D. F, México
| | - Juan Antonio Díaz Ramos
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 México, D. F, México
| | - Angélica Trujillo Hernández
- 0000 0001 2112 2750grid.411659.eBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Edificio BIO1, Ciudad Universitaria, Boulevard Valsequillo y Avenida San Claudio S/N. C.P, 72570 Puebla, Puebla México
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107
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Kang X, Jia L, Li Y, Zhang X. Acupuncture attenuates hyperglycaemia and improves ovarian function in female rats subjected to continuous light exposure. Acupunct Med 2017; 35:352-359. [PMID: 28689186 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to unnatural light cycles is increasingly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on glucose metabolism and ovarian function in female rats subjected to long-term continuous light exposure. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were divided into three experimental groups: an LD group that was maintained under a normal light-dark cycle (healthy control); an LL group that was exposed to continuous light for 21 weeks but remained untreated; and an LL+EA group that received EA at ST36 and SP6 during weeks 17 to 21 of continuous light exposure. RESULTS Oestrous cycles of female rats kept in a continuously lit environment for 21 weeks were disordered and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-like changes occurred, accompanied by increased fasting blood glucose (6.23±0.33 vs 5.27±0.40 mmol/L in week 17, p=0.015) and reduced fasting levels of serum testosterone (0.07±0.018 vs 0.12±0.058 ng/L, p=0.043) and insulin (0.89±0.20 vs 1.43±0.46 ng/L, p=0.006). After 5 weeks of EA treatment at ST36 and SP6, ovarian cycle disruption was mitigated and blood glucose levels showed a gradual decline (5.18±0.37 vs 5.80±0.55 mmol/L, p=0.017; and 5.73±0.31 vs 6.62±0.13 mmol/L, p=0.004; in the fourth and fifth weeks of EA treatment, respectively). EA also attenuated the reductions otherwise seen in serum insulin and testosterone levels. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to light can lead to a decline in ovarian and pancreatic function. EA at ST36 and SP6 may reduce abnormally elevated blood glucose levels and improve ovarian and pancreatic hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Kang
- Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina Traumatology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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108
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Hu Q, Hong L, Nie M, Wang Q, Fang Y, Dai Y, Zhai Y, Wang S, Yin C, Yang X. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on ovarian response is associated with androgen receptor in diminished ovarian reserve women. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:32. [PMID: 28472976 PMCID: PMC5418866 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) is associated with female infertility and poor response to ovarian stimulation. Our objective was to assess the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) on DOR women and to explore whether the improvement of ovarian response after DHEA supplementation was dependent on the expression levels of androgen receptor(AR). Methods A prospective cohort study was performed in the Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital during August 2014 to August 2016. 103 DOR women who completed the study were divided into the DHEA group (n = 53), which received DHEA supplementation (25 mg three times a day) for 8 weeks, and the control group (n = 50), which did not receive DHEA, before the IVF cycles. Serum hormone levels(FSH, LH, E2, T, DHEAs, AMH, INHB), antral follicle count(AFC) and the expression of AR and FSH receptor(FSHR) in granulosa cells(GCs) were measured, meanwhile ovarian response parameters and IVF outcomes were compared. The GCs from another 36 DOR women were cultured with different concentrations of DHEA in vitro. Then, we compared the expression of AR and FSHR in GCs according to the different numbers of oocytes retrieved both in DHEA and control group. Results In the present study, DHEA supplementation resulted in significantly higher levels of serum T(P = 0.047), DHEAs(P = 0.019) and AR mRNA expression in GCs(P = 0.049). In vitro experiment, the protein and mRNA expression of AR and FSHR in the preovulatory GCs were significantly increased in response to DHEA supplementation(P <0.05). No significant differences were found in ovarian reserve, ovarian response, or IVF outcomes between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed the levels of AR and FSHR mRNA in GCs were significantly increased in DHEA group with ≥5 oocytes retrieved(P <0.05). Conclusion DHEA supplementation can increase the expression of AR in preovulatory GCs both in vivo and in vitro. The selective beneficial effects of DHEA supplementation on ovarian response in DOR women may depend on the increasing expression of AR and FSHR in GCs. Trial registration The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-15006126). Retrospectively Registered 19 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Hu
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.,Department of Reproduction Regulation, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Liming Hong
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Mingyue Nie
- Department of Gynecology Minimally Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yinmei Dai
- Department of Gynecology Minimally Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Xiaokui Yang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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109
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Lebbe M, Taylor AE, Visser JA, Kirkman-Brown JC, Woodruff TK, Arlt W. The Steroid Metabolome in the Isolated Ovarian Follicle and Its Response to Androgen Exposure and Antagonism. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1474-1485. [PMID: 28323936 PMCID: PMC5460835 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian follicle is a major site of steroidogenesis, crucially required for normal ovarian function and female reproduction. Our understanding of androgen synthesis and metabolism in the developing follicle has been limited by the sensitivity and specificity issues of previously used assays. Here we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to map the stage-dependent endogenous steroid metabolome in an encapsulated in vitro follicle growth system, from murine secondary through antral follicles. Furthermore, follicles were cultured in the presence of androgen precursors, nonaromatizable active androgen, and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists to assess effects on steroidogenesis and follicle development. Cultured follicles showed a stage-dependent increase in endogenous androgen, estrogen, and progesterone production, and incubations with the sex steroid precursor dehydroepiandrosterone revealed the follicle as capable of active androgen synthesis at early developmental stages. Androgen exposure and antagonism demonstrated AR-mediated effects on follicle growth and antrum formation that followed a biphasic pattern, with low levels of androgens inducing more rapid follicle maturation and high doses inhibiting oocyte maturation and follicle growth. Crucially, our study provides evidence for an intrafollicular feedback circuit regulating steroidogenesis, with decreased follicle androgen synthesis after exogenous androgen exposure and increased androgen output after additional AR antagonist treatment. We propose that this feedback circuit helps maintain an equilibrium of androgen exposure in the developing follicle. The observed biphasic response of follicle growth and function in increasing androgen supplementations has implications for our understanding of polycystic ovary syndrome pathophysiology and the dose-dependent utility of androgens in in vitro fertilization settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lebbe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Angela E. Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jackson C. Kirkman-Brown
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Birmingham Women’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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110
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Lim JJ, Han CY, Lee DR, Tsang BK. Ring Finger Protein 6 Mediates Androgen-Induced Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Follicle Growth via Modulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. Endocrinology 2017; 158:993-1004. [PMID: 28324045 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The destiny of the ovarian follicle (growth or atresia) is tightly regulated by the actions and interactions of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Although androgens are known to be important in the regulation of folliculogenesis, whether they facilitate or suppress follicular growth has been controversial, and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Moreover, the role and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) in mediating androgen signaling during follicular development is not clear. Here, we report that the active androgen dihydrotestosterone upregulates the expression of AR and its E3 ligase ring finger protein 6 (RNF6), increasing site-specific AR polyubiquitination and AR transcriptional activity for soluble Kit ligand (sKit-L) expression in preantral follicle growth. RNF6 silencing suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced AR ubiquitination (lysine residue 63) and proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in preantral granulosa cells, with these responses being overcome by the presence of exogenous sKit-L. Taken together, our findings support the notion that RNF6 plays an important role in androgen-induced, follicle-stage-dependent follicle growth and that it acts by facilitating AR-mediated granulosa cell sKit-L expression and proliferation. Our findings offer insights into the regulatory mechanism of androgen action in ovarian follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jin Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chae Young Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
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111
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Laird M, Thomson K, Fenwick M, Mora J, Franks S, Hardy K. Androgen Stimulates Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles In Vitro: Interaction With Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and With Growth Factors of the TGFβ Superfamily. Endocrinology 2017; 158:920-935. [PMID: 28324051 PMCID: PMC5460807 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are essential for the normal function of mature antral follicles but also have a role in the early stages of follicle development. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, is characterized by androgen excess and aberrant follicle development that includes accelerated early follicle growth. We have examined the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on development of isolated mouse preantral follicles in culture with the specific aim of investigating interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the steroidogenic pathway, and growth factors of the TGFβ superfamily that are known to have a role in early follicle development. Both testosterone and DHT stimulated follicle growth and augmented FSH-induced growth and increased the incidence of antrum formation among the granulosa cell layers of these preantral follicles after 72 hours in culture. Effects of both androgens were reversed by the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. FSH receptor expression was increased in response to both testosterone and DHT, as was that of Star, whereas Cyp11a1 was down-regulated. The key androgen-induced changes in the TGFβ signaling pathway were down-regulation of Amh, Bmp15, and their receptors. Inhibition of Alk6 (Bmpr1b), a putative partner for Amhr2 and Bmpr2, by dorsomorphin resulted in augmentation of androgen-stimulated growth and modification of androgen-induced gene expression. Our findings point to varied effects of androgen on preantral follicle growth and function, including interaction with FSH-activated growth and steroidogenesis, and, importantly, implicate the intrafollicular TGFβ system as a key mediator of androgen action. These findings provide insight into abnormal early follicle development in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi Laird
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kacie Thomson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fenwick
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Mora
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Hardy
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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112
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Xie Q, Cheng Z, Chen X, Lobe CG, Liu J. The role of Notch signalling in ovarian angiogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:13. [PMID: 28284219 PMCID: PMC5346233 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, the ovary is characterized with extensive angiogenesis and regular intervals of rapid growth. Ovarian function is dependent on the network of angiogenic vessels which enable the follicle and/or corpus luteum to receive oxygen, nutrients and hormonal support. Abnormal angiogenesis is involved in the induction and development of pathological ovary, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer. Notch signalling pathway is one of the primary regulators of angiogenesis and a therapeutic target for ovarian diseases. Here, we will review literatures on the expression pattern of Notch pathway components in the ovary and on the role of Notch signalling pathway on ovarian angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowang Cheng
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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113
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Tanaka R, Izumi H, Kuroiwa A. Androgens and androgen receptor signaling contribute to ovarian development in the chicken embryo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:114-120. [PMID: 28087386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play important roles throughout development. In the chicken, AR signaling is involved in reproduction; however, its specific role is unclear. We show that AR signaling is involved in the normal development of the female embryonic gonads. The AR mRNA level was detected in male and female embryonic gonads by quantitative RT-PCR, and its expression was higher in females than in males at all developmental stages examined. In female embryos, the AR localized to nuclei of cells in the left gonad. Although AR expression was low in the majority of the medulla, high expression was detected in cells of lacunae within the medulla. In addition, AR expression increased in cells of cortical cords within the cortex with the progression of development. AR expression in the right gonad was lower than that in left gonad throughout development. In the male gonad, the AR localized to the cytoplasm of cells in seminiferous tubules at all stages. Female AR knockdown (ARKD) embryos infected with a retrovirus expressing micro RNAs targeting the AR showed normal asymmetric gonads (development of the left and depression of the right gonads), whereas the number of lacunae decreased. Furthermore, there was a disruption in the structure of cortical cords. By contrast, the gonads of ARKD males developed normally during embryogenesis. These results indicate that androgens and AR signaling are essential for the development of lacunae and cortical cords in gonads of female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroe Izumi
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Asato Kuroiwa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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114
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Sellix MT, Sen A. Finding the Right Balance: Androgens at the Tipping Point of Fertility and Metabolism in Women. Endocrinology 2017; 158:467-469. [PMID: 28430914 PMCID: PMC5460785 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Sellix
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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115
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Cultured bovine granulosa cells rapidly lose important features of their identity and functionality but partially recover under long-term culture conditions. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:397-403. [PMID: 28154936 PMCID: PMC5397658 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture models are essential for the detailed study of molecular processes. We analyze the dynamics of changes in a culture model of bovine granulosa cells. The cells were cultured for up to 8 days and analyzed for steroid production and gene expression. According to the expression of the marker genes CDH1, CDH2 and VIM, the cells maintained their mesenchymal character throughout the time of culture. In contrast, the levels of functionally important transcripts and of estradiol and progesterone production were rapidly down-regulated but showed a substantial up-regulation from day 4. FOXL2, a marker for granulosa cell identity, was also rapidly down-regulated after plating but completely recovered towards the end of culture. In contrast, expression of the Sertoli cell marker SOX9 and the lesion/inflammation marker PTGS2 increased during the first 2 days after plating but gradually decreased later on. We conclude that only long-term culture conditions (>4 days) allow the cells to recover from plating stress and to re-acquire characteristic granulosa cell features.
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116
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Ma Y, Andrisse S, Chen Y, Childress S, Xue P, Wang Z, Jones D, Ko C, Divall S, Wu S. Androgen Receptor in the Ovary Theca Cells Plays a Critical Role in Androgen-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction. Endocrinology 2017; 158:98-108. [PMID: 27841936 PMCID: PMC5412974 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgen and its receptor (AR) play a critical role in reproductive function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Female AR global knockout mice are subfertile due to both neuroendocrine and ovarian defects. Female offspring from prenatally androgenized heterozygous AR pregnant mice showed rescued estrous cyclicity and fertility. Ar is expressed in granulosa cells, theca interstitial cells, and oocytes in the ovary. We created mice with theca-specific deletion of Ar (ThARKO) by crossing Cyp17-iCre mice that express Cre recombinase under cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17) promoter with Arfl/fl mice. ThARKO mice exhibited no significant differences in pubertal onset or fertility compared with control littermates, and neither estrogen or testosterone levels were different between these groups. Therefore, Ar expression in theca cells likely does not influence fertility nor androgen levels in female mice. We then tested the role of AR in theca cells under hyperandrogenemic condition. After treatment with a pathophysiological level of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), control mice (control-DHT) showed acyclicity and infertility. However, estrous cycles and fertility were altered to a significantly less degree in ThARKO-DHT mice than in control-DHT mice. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Lhcgr (luteinizing hormone receptor) and Timp1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase) were significantly lower in control-DHT ovary compared with control-no DHT ovaries, whereas mRNA levels of Fshr (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) were significantly higher. Timp1 gene expression was comparable in the ThARKO-DHT and the control-no DHT ovary. We speculate that the preserved level of Timp1 in ThARKO-DHT mice contributes to retained reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Stanley Andrisse
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Shameka Childress
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Ping Xue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Dustin Jones
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and
| | - Sara Divall
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Sheng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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117
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Walters KA, Edwards MC, Jimenez M, Handelsman DJ, Allan CM. Subfertility in androgen-insensitive female mice is rescued by transgenic FSH. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1426-1434. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens synergise with FSH in female reproduction but the nature of their interaction in ovarian function and fertility is not clear. In the present study, we investigated this interaction, notably whether higher endogenous FSH can overcome defective androgen actions in androgen receptor (AR)-knockout (ARKO) mice. We generated and investigated the reproductive function of mutant mice exhibiting AR resistance with or without expression of human transgenic FSH (Tg-FSH). On the background of inactivated AR signalling, which alone resulted in irregular oestrous cycles and reduced pups per litter, ovulation rates and antral follicle health, Tg-FSH expression restored follicle health, ovulation rates and litter size to wild-type levels. However, Tg-FSH was only able to partially rectify the abnormal oestrous cycles observed in ARKO females. Hence, elevated endogenous FSH rescued the intraovarian defects, and partially rescued the extraovarian defects due to androgen insensitivity. In addition, the observed increase in litter size in Tg-FSH females was not observed in the presence of AR signalling inactivation. In summary, the findings of the present study reveal that FSH can rescue impaired female fertility and ovarian function due to androgen insensitivity in female ARKO mice by maintaining follicle health and ovulation rates, and thereby optimal female fertility.
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118
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Steroid hormone pretreatments in assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1608-1614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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119
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Levin ER, Hammes SR. Nuclear receptors outside the nucleus: extranuclear signalling by steroid receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:783-797. [PMID: 27729652 PMCID: PMC5649368 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors mediate numerous crucial biological processes and are classically thought to function as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus. However, it has been known for more than 50 years that steroids evoke rapid responses in many organs that cannot be explained by gene regulation. Mounting evidence indicates that most steroid receptors in fact exist in extranuclear cellular pools, including at the plasma membrane. This latter pool, when engaged by a steroid ligand, rapidly activates signals that affect various aspects of cellular biology. Research into the mechanisms of signalling instigated by extranuclear steroid receptor pools and how this extranuclear signalling is integrated with responses elicited by nuclear receptor pools provides novel understanding of steroid hormone signalling and its roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis R. Levin
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California,
Irvine and the Long Beach VA Medical Center, California 90822, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hammes
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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120
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Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:467-520. [PMID: 27459230 PMCID: PMC5045492 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS cases have functionally typical FOH, characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two-thirds of the remaining PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone elevation after suppression of adrenal androgen production. About 3% of PCOS have a related isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The remaining PCOS cases are mild and lack evidence of steroid secretory abnormalities; most of these are obese, which we postulate to account for their atypical PCOS. Approximately half of normal women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) have subclinical FOH-related steroidogenic defects. Theca cells from polycystic ovaries of classic PCOS patients in long-term culture have an intrinsic steroidogenic dysregulation that can account for the steroidogenic abnormalities typical of FOH. These cells overexpress most steroidogenic enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450c17. Overexpression of a protein identified by genome-wide association screening, differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development 1A.V2, in normal theca cells has reproduced this PCOS phenotype in vitro. A metabolic syndrome of obesity-related and/or intrinsic insulin resistance occurs in about half of PCOS patients, and the compensatory hyperinsulinism has tissue-selective effects, which include aggravation of hyperandrogenism. PCOS seems to arise as a complex trait that results from the interaction of diverse genetic and environmental factors. Heritable factors include PCOM, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory defects. Environmental factors include prenatal androgen exposure and poor fetal growth, whereas acquired obesity is a major postnatal factor. The variety of pathways involved and lack of a common thread attests to the multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the syndrome. Further research into the fundamental basis of the disorder will be necessary to optimally correct androgen levels, ovulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - David A Ehrmann
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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121
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Gaddas M, Chaouache N, Ajina M, Tabka Z, Zaouali Ajina M. [Does hyperandrogenic statute in the polycystic ovary syndrome constitute an obstacle to the success of in vitro fertilization?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45:1091-1098. [PMID: 27692521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of initial androgenic statute of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (SOPK) on the expected results of in vitro fertilization (FIV). MATERIALS AND METHODS It is about an exploratory study carried out in 61 unfertile SOPK patients, having profited all from a cycle of FIV/ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). We have divided our population in two groups according to their hormonal androgenic statute: groups with hyperandrogenism and without hyperandrogenism. We proceeded to note the anthropometric and hormonal parameters as well as results of FIV for each of the two groups. RESULTS SOPK patients with hyperandrogenism are more obese than their counterparts. Also, they have more oocytes collected after ovarian induction. In addition, we did not reveal any significant differences between our two study groups concerning parameters defining FIV response. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that hyperandrogenism statute in SOPK infertile women does not seem to compromise the results of FIV. On the contrary, it would make it possible to optimize the chances to puncture more significant number of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gaddas
- Laboratoire de physiologie et des explorations fonctionnelles, faculté de médecine « Ibn el Jazzar », avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie.
| | - N Chaouache
- Laboratoire de physiologie et des explorations fonctionnelles, faculté de médecine « Ibn el Jazzar », avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie
| | - M Ajina
- Unité de médecine de la reproduction, CHU Farhat Hached, avenue « Ibn el Jazzar », 4000 Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Z Tabka
- Laboratoire de physiologie et des explorations fonctionnelles, faculté de médecine « Ibn el Jazzar », avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie
| | - M Zaouali Ajina
- Laboratoire de physiologie et des explorations fonctionnelles, faculté de médecine « Ibn el Jazzar », avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie
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122
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Hayes E, Kushnir V, Ma X, Biswas A, Prizant H, Gleicher N, Sen A. Intra-cellular mechanism of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in regulation of follicular development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:56-65. [PMID: 27235859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and plays a crucial role in testicular and ovarian functions. In clinical practice, AMH is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in women in association with ovulation induction and in various pathophysiological conditions. Despite widespread clinical use of AMH, our mechanistic understanding of AMH actions in regulating follicular development is limited. Using a mouse model, we in this study report that in vivo AMH treatment while stalls follicular development and inhibits ovulation, also prevents follicular atresia. We further show that these AMH actions are mediated through induction of two miRNAs, miR-181a and miR-181b, which regulate various aspects of FSH signaling and follicular growth, ultimately affecting downstream gene expression and folliculogenesis. We also report that in this mouse model AMH pre-treatment prior to superovulation improves oocyte yield. These studies, therefore, offer new mechanistic insight into AMH actions in folliculogenesis and point toward potential utilization of AMH as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vitaly Kushnir
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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123
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Liu X, Wang W, Wang X, Qu Q, Hao C. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration in Chinese women over 37 years undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 202:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the last decade, it has been proven that androgens acting via the androgen receptor (AR) play an important role in the regulation of female reproductive function. However, the specific site of action and the precise pathways involved remain to be fully elucidated. This review aims to combine findings from emerging basic research to provide new insights into the roles of AR-mediated actions, and the mechanisms involved, in normal ovarian, uterine, and mammary gland function. RECENT FINDINGS Our understanding of the specific roles of androgens in females has been hindered as females with complete androgen insensitivity cannot be generated by natural breeding, and interpretation of results from pharmacological studies has led to confusion as some androgens can be converted into estrogens, which can mediate actions via estrogen receptors. However, with the creation of global and cell-specific female AR knockout mouse models by Cre-LoxP technology, and the use of aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens, novel roles for androgens in the regulation of female reproductive physiology have been revealed. SUMMARY AR-mediated mechanisms play important roles in mediating normal ovarian, uterine, and mammary gland function and there is hope that further elucidation of the role of androgens in female reproductive physiology may translate into the development of novel, evidence-based, and targeted treatment for androgen-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Walters
- aAndrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia bMRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Du X, Li Q, Pan Z, Li Q. Androgen receptor and miRNA-126* axis controls follicle-stimulating hormone receptor expression in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Reproduction 2016; 152:161-9. [PMID: 27222597 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Androgen, which acts via the androgen receptor (AR), plays crucial roles in mammalian ovarian function. Recent studies showed that androgen/AR signaling regulates follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in follicles; however, the detailed mechanism underlying this regulation remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AR and miR-126* cooperate to inhibit FSHR expression and function in pig follicular granulosa cells (pGCs). In pGCs, overexpression of AR decreased, whereas knockdown increased, FSHR mRNA and protein expression; however, neither manipulation affected FSHR promoter activity. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we found that the FSHR gene is a direct target of miR-126*, which inhibits FSHR expression and increases the rate of AR-induced apoptosis in pGCs. Collectively, our data show for the first time that the AR/miR-126* axis exerts synergetic effects in the regulation of FSHR expression and apoptosis in pGCs. Our findings thus define a novel pathway, AR/miR-126*/FSHR, that regulates mammalian GC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wartalski K, Knet-Seweryn M, Hoja-Lukowicz D, Tabarowski Z, Duda M. Androgen receptor-mediated non-genomic effects of vinclozolin on porcine ovarian follicles and isolated granulosa cells: Vinclozolin and non-genomic effects in porcine ovarian follicles. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:377-86. [PMID: 27094116 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of the androgen receptor (AR) agonists testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and vinclozolin (Vnz), a fungicide with antiandrogenic activity, on non-genomic signal transduction within ovarian follicles. Porcine granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from mature follicles were cultured for 48h. For the last 24h of culture, they were exposed to T (10(-7)M), DHT (10(-7)M), Vnz (1.4×10(-5)M), T and Vnz (T+Vnz), or DHT and Vnz (DHT+Vnz) at the same concentrations. To better imitate in vivo conditions, whole follicles (4-6mm in diameter) were incubated (24h) in an organ culture system with the same factors. Expression of AR mRNA and protein was determined by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. To demonstrate AR localization in cultured GCs and whole follicles, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed, respectively. To elucidate the possible non-genomic action of Vnz in GCs, protein expression and the activity of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases were determined by western blot and ELISA analyses. The immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry results showed that exposure of GCs and follicles to Vnz resulted in cytoplasmic and perinuclear AR localization. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that AR mRNA and protein expression increased (P≤0.001) in GC cultures after combined treatment with an androgen and Vnz. In whole follicles, such treatment also increased AR mRNA with a decrease in the respective protein expression (P≤0.001). Moreover, addition of T or DHT with Vnz increased the activity of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases in cultured GCs (P≤0.001). The results suggest a novel mechanism for Vnz action in porcine ovarian follicles on both AR mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this environmental antiandrogen activates non-genomic signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased activity of both investigated kinases observed within minutes of Vnz addition. Given the widespread presence of Vnz in the environment, elucidation of its non-genomic action should be the subject of studies on female fertility.
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127
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Zhang M, Niu W, Wang Y, Xu J, Bao X, Wang L, Du L, Sun Y. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in women with poor ovarian response undergoing IVF or ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:981-91. [PMID: 27094195 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed the influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation in patients with poor ovarian response (POR) undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library (1980-2015) for relevant papers and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scoring system to evaluate study quality. Dichotomous data were expressed as pooled relative risk (RR) estimates with fixed or random effect models. Continuous variables were expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD). All data were analyzed using Revman Software v. 5 and are shown with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. DHEA pretreatment increased the clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.53, 95 % CI 1.25-1.86), live birth rate (RR 1.87, 95 % CI 1.22-2.88), implantation rate (RR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.20-2.01), and antral follicle count (WMD 0.4, 95 % CI 0.14 to 0.66) while reducing miscarriages (RR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.27-0.90). After subgroup analysis, oocyte numbers and anti-Müllerian hormone levels were also enhanced after DHEA treatment. However, the endometrial thickness and estradiol levels on the day of injecting hCG to induce ovulation were similar between the DHEA supplementation groups and controls. CONCLUSIONS Based on the limited available evidence, DHEA supplementation seems to improve ovarian reserves and IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with POR. Further research is required to clarify the effect of DHEA exposure in assisted reproduction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Linqing Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Johansson HKL, Jacobsen PR, Hass U, Svingen T, Vinggaard AM, Isling LK, Axelstad M, Christiansen S, Boberg J. Perinatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals reduces female rat follicle reserves and accelerates reproductive aging. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:186-94. [PMID: 27049580 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during development can have negative consequences later in life. In this study we investigated the effect of perinatal exposure to mixtures of human relevant EDCs on the female reproductive system. Rat dams were exposed to a mixture of phthalates, pesticides, UV-filters, bisphenol A, butylparaben, as well as paracetamol. The compounds were tested together (Totalmix) or in subgroups with anti-androgenic (AAmix) or estrogenic (Emix) potentials. Paracetamol was tested separately. In pre-pubertal rats, a significant reduction in primordial follicle numbers was seen in AAmix and PM groups, and reduced plasma levels of prolactin was seen in AAmix. In one-year-old animals, the incidence of irregular estrous cycles was higher after Totalmix-exposure and reduced ovary weights were seen in Totalmix, AAmix, and PM groups. These findings resemble premature ovarian insufficiency in humans, and raises concern regarding potential effects of mixtures of EDCs on female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rosenskjold Jacobsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Louise Krag Isling
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
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Burkhardt S, Borsos M, Szydlowska A, Godwin J, Williams SA, Cohen PE, Hirota T, Saitou M, Tachibana-Konwalski K. Chromosome Cohesion Established by Rec8-Cohesin in Fetal Oocytes Is Maintained without Detectable Turnover in Oocytes Arrested for Months in Mice. Curr Biol 2016; 26:678-85. [PMID: 26898469 PMCID: PMC4791431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion mediated by the cohesin complex is essential for chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis [1]. Rec8-containing cohesin, bound to Smc3/Smc1α or Smc3/Smc1β, maintains bivalent cohesion in mammalian meiosis [2-6]. In females, meiotic DNA replication and recombination occur in fetal oocytes. After birth, oocytes arrest at the prolonged dictyate stage until recruited to grow into mature oocytes that divide at ovulation. How cohesion is maintained in arrested oocytes remains a pivotal question relevant to maternal age-related aneuploidy. Hypothetically, cohesin turnover regenerates cohesion in oocytes. Evidence for post-replicative cohesion establishment mechanism exists, in yeast and invertebrates [7, 8]. In mouse fetal oocytes, cohesin loading factor Nipbl/Scc2 localizes to chromosome axes during recombination [9, 10]. Alternatively, cohesion is maintained without turnover. Consistent with this, cohesion maintenance does not require Smc1β transcription, but unlike Rec8, Smc1β is not required for establishing bivalent cohesion [11, 12]. Rec8 maintains cohesion without turnover during weeks of oocyte growth [3]. Whether the same applies to months or decades of arrest is unknown. Here, we test whether Rec8 activated in arrested mouse oocytes builds cohesion revealed by TEV cleavage and live-cell imaging. Rec8 establishes cohesion when activated during DNA replication in fetal oocytes using tamoxifen-inducible Cre. In contrast, no new cohesion is detected when Rec8 is activated in arrested oocytes by tamoxifen despite cohesin synthesis. We conclude that cohesion established in fetal oocytes is maintained for months without detectable turnover in dictyate-arrested oocytes. This implies that women's fertility depends on the longevity of cohesin proteins that established cohesion in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Burkhardt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Máté Borsos
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Anna Szydlowska
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, Level 3, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Takayuki Hirota
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kikuë Tachibana-Konwalski
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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Ma X, Hayes E, Prizant H, Srivastava RK, Hammes SR, Sen A. Leptin-Induced CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript) Is a Novel Intraovarian Mediator of Obesity-Related Infertility in Females. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1248-57. [PMID: 26730935 PMCID: PMC4769362 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered detrimental to women's reproductive health. Although most of the attention has been focused on the effects of obesity on hypothalamic function, studies suggest a multifactorial impact. In fact, obesity is associated with reduced fecundity even in women with regular cycles, indicating that there may be local ovarian effects modulating fertility. Here we describe a novel mechanism for leptin actions directly in the ovary that may account for some of the negative effects of obesity on ovarian function. We find that normal cycling, obese, hyperleptinemic mice fed with a high-fat diet are subfertile and ovulate fewer oocytes compared with animals fed with a normal diet. Importantly, we show that leptin induces expression of the neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the granulosa cells (GCs) of ovarian follicles both in vitro and in vivo. CART then negatively affects intracellular cAMP levels, MAPK signaling, and aromatase mRNA expression, which leads to lower estradiol synthesis in GCs and altered ovarian folliculogenesis. Finally, in human samples from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization, we show a significant positive correlation between patient body mass index, CART mRNA expression in GCs, and CART peptide levels in follicular fluid. These observations suggest that, under obese conditions, CART acts as a local mediator of leptin in the ovary to cause ovarian dysfunction and reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Rajesh K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (X.M., E.H., H.P., S.R.H., A.S.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.K.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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131
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Zhang H, Chu Y, Zhou P, He X, Xu Q, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Wei Z. Dehydroepiandrosterone plus climen supplementation shows better effects than dehydroepiandrosterone alone on infertility patients with diminished ovarian reserve of low-FSH level undergoing in-vitro fertilization cycles: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:9. [PMID: 26879683 PMCID: PMC4754936 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) plus climen (estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate drug combination) on infertility patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to determine if the combination of DHEA plus climen is superior to DHEA alone in improving ovarian response. METHODS A total of 124 women were randomized into the DHEA group (n = 64) and the DHEA plus climen group (n = 60) for 12 weeks before being subjected to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. To investigate if there is a FSH-related difference on the effect of the addition of climen, the DHEA group and the DHEA plus climen group were further divided into four subgroups according to a basal FSH level cut-off of 10 mIU/ml. We performed a comparison of Day 3 blood samples before and after treatment and IVF outcome parameters, including AMH, FSH, E2, AFC, oocytes retrieved, MII oocyte numbers, embryo numbers and accumulated embryo scores. RESULTS After 12 weeks of pretreatment, the DHEA plus climen group demonstrated a significantly higher level of AMH (P = 0.001) and a significantly lower level of FSH (P = 0.001) compared with the DHEA group. When the two groups were divided into four subgroups based on the FSH cut-off of 10 mIU/mL, a significant increase of AMH (P = 0.034) was found in the high-FSH DHEA plus climen group, whereas there was no significant difference in the high-FSH DHEA group (P = 0.322). A significantly higher accumulated score of embryos was observed in the low-FSH DHEA plus climen group compared with the low-FSH DHEA group (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that patients with DOR of a low-FSH level might benefit more from DHEA plus climen supplementation than from DHEA supplementation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Hangzhou Women's Health Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaping Chu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojin He
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianhua Xu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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132
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Tsui KH, Lin LT, Chang R, Huang BS, Cheng JT, Wang PH. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on women with poor ovarian response: A preliminary report and review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 54:131-6. [PMID: 25951716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on women with poor ovarian response (POR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Women with POR treated with flexible daily gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles at The Reproductive Center in Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital between January 2013 and October 2013, were enrolled for this prospective study. When patients failed to become pregnant during the first IVF cycle, they were treated with DHEA supplementation (30 mg, 3 times a day, orally) for 3 months (mean 12.2 weeks) before the next IVF cycle. Parameters of biochemical, ultrasound and treatment outcomes were compared before and after DHEA supplementation. RESULTS Ten patients with a mean age of 36.6 ± 4.2 years were identified. After DHEA treatment, there was a significant increase in antral follicle count, from 2.8 ± 1.0 to 4.1 ± 1.2 (p < 0.05), and anti-Müllerian hormone, from 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL to 0.84 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p < 0.001). A significant decrease of Day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol, from 14.4 ± 1.7 mIU/mL to 10.1 ± 0.7 mIU/mL and from 51.2 ± 6.3 pg/mL to 35.2 ± 4.2 pg/mL, respectively (both p < 0.001), was noted. Increased numbers of retrieved oocytes (from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 4.2 ± 1.2; p < 0.01), fertilized oocytes (from 1.7 ± 0.5 to 3.8 ± 1.1; p < 0.001), Day 3 embryos (from 1.7 ± 0.5 to 3.7 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) and transferred embryos (from 1.7 ± 0.8 to 2.8 ± 0.8; p < 0.01) were also seen in these women with POR after DHEA treatment. Three women became pregnant after DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION The potential benefits of DHEA supplementation in women with POR were suggested by the biochemical parameters and IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Su-Ao and Yuanshan Branch, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Shian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan; Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Barć J, Gregoraszczuk EL. Halowax 1051 affects steroidogenesis by down-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors and up-regulation of androgen receptor in porcine ovarian follicles. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:467-474. [PMID: 26386772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are thought to interact with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and to have enzyme-inducing properties comparable to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, therefore activation of steroid hormone receptors in endocrine tissues is also possible. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PCNs mixture, Halowax 1051 on gene and protein expression of receptors: estradiol (ERα/β), androgen (AR) and AHRGene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR after 6 h of exposition and protein expression by Western blot after 24 h. Levels of sex steroids: androstenedione (A4), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were measured by enzyme immunoassays. Results of the data show down-regulation of AHR gene expression after 6 h in parallel with an inhibition in AHR protein expression at doses 10 pg-10 ng/mL, down-regulation of ER at all doses used, and up-regulation of AR gene expression at doses 1 and 10 ng/mL without affecting their protein expression. To indicate the involvement of AHR, ERs and AR in the impact of PCNs on steroidogenesis, we used their specific blockers. Blocker of AHR reversed the inhibitory effect of Halowax 1051 on A4 secretion, and strengthened its effect on T secretion. Blockers of both ER and AR had no effect on Halowax 1051 action on steroids secretion. The results of this study suggest that AHR is involved in the effect of PCNs on steroidogenesis in the ovary. Additionally, we propose that cross-talk between AHR-ER and AHR-AR receptors mediates the effects of Halowax 1051 on ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Barć
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Lucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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134
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Mereness AL, Murphy ZC, Forrestel AC, Butler S, Ko C, Richards JS, Sellix MT. Conditional Deletion of Bmal1 in Ovarian Theca Cells Disrupts Ovulation in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:913-27. [PMID: 26671182 PMCID: PMC5393362 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic events in female reproductive physiology, including ovulation, are tightly controlled by the circadian timing system. The molecular clock, a feedback loop oscillator of clock gene transcription factors, dictates rhythms of gene expression in the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. Circadian disruption due to environmental factors (eg, shift work) or genetic manipulation of the clock has negative impacts on fertility. Although the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus classically regulates the timing of ovulation, we have shown that this rhythm also depends on phasic sensitivity to LH. We hypothesized that this rhythm relies on clock function in a specific cellular compartment of the ovarian follicle. To test this hypothesis we generated mice with deletion of the Bmal1 locus in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) (Granulosa Cell Bmal1 KO; GCKO) or theca cells (TCs) (Theca Cell Bmal1 KO; TCKO). Reproductive cycles, preovulatory LH secretion, ovarian morphology and behavior were not grossly altered in GCKO or TCKO mice. We detected phasic sensitivity to LH in wild-type littermate control (LC) and GCKO mice but not TCKO mice. This decline in sensitivity to LH is coincident with impaired fertility and altered patterns of LH receptor (Lhcgr) mRNA abundance in the ovary of TCKO mice. These data suggest that the TC is a pacemaker that contributes to the timing and amplitude of ovulation by modulating phasic sensitivity to LH. The TC clock may play a critical role in circadian disruption-mediated reproductive pathology and could be a target for chronobiotic management of infertility due to environmental circadian disruption and/or hormone-dependent reprogramming in women.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Cryptochromes/genetics
- Cryptochromes/metabolism
- Female
- Fertility/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Granulosa Cells/metabolism
- Infertility/genetics
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Ovarian Follicle/metabolism
- Ovary/anatomy & histology
- Ovulation/genetics
- Ovulation Induction
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Theca Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Mereness
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zachary C Murphy
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Andrew C Forrestel
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Susan Butler
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Department of Medicine (A.L.M., Z.C.M., A.C.F., S.B., M.T.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Comparative Biosciences (C.K.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.S.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Borgbo T, Macek M, Chrudimska J, Jeppesen JV, Hansen LL, Andersen CY. Size matters: Associations between the androgen receptor CAG repeat length and the intrafollicular hormone milieu. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:12-7. [PMID: 26404660 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cell (GC) expressed androgen receptors (AR) and intrafollicular androgens are central to fertility. The transactivating domain of the AR contains a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence, which is linked to the transcriptional activity of AR and may influence the GC function. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the AR CAG repeat length on the intrafollicular hormone profiles, and the gene expression profiles of GC from human small antral follicles. In total, 190 small antral follicles (3-11 mm in diameter) were collected from 58 women undergoing ovarian cryopreservation for fertility preservation. The biallelic mean of the CAG repeat lengths were calculated for each woman, and grouped in three groups: Long CAG repeats (23-26 mean CAG); medium CAG repeats (20.5-22.5 mean CAG) and short CAG repeats (17.5-20.0 mean CAG). The following parameters were measured: follicle diameter, intrafollicular levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and androstenedione, and GC gene expression levels of FSHR, LHR, AR, CYP19A1, and AMH. The long CAG repeat lengths were associated with significantly decreased testosterone levels, as compared to medium CAG repeats (P = 0.05) and short CAG repeats (P = 0.003). Furthermore, in follicles 3-6 mm in diameter, the long CAG repeats were associated with significantly increased LHR and CYP19A1 gene expression levels compared to short CAG repeat lengths (P = 0.004 and P = 0.04 respectively), and significantly increased LHR expression compared to medium CAG repeat lengths (P = 0.03). In conclusion, long CAG repeat lengths in the AR were associated to significant attenuated levels of androgens and an increased conversion of testosterone into oestradiol, in human small antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borgbo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Chrudimska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J V Jeppesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L L Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yeung T, Chai J, Li R, Lee V, Ho PC, Ng E. A double-blind randomised controlled trial on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on ovarian reserve markers, ovarian response and number of oocytes in anticipated normal ovarian responders. BJOG 2015; 123:1097-105. [PMID: 26663817 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian response to a standard low dose of gonadotrophin stimulation and number of oocytes in anticipated normal responders undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). DESIGN Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING Tertiary reproductive unit. POPULATION Seventy-two subfertile women with AFC of 5-15 scheduled for IVF. METHODS Eligible women were randomised into the DHEA group (n = 36), who received DHEA (GNC(®) , 25 mg three times a day), or the placebo group (n = 36), who received placebo, starting from 12 weeks before the scheduled IVF treatment according to a computer-generated randomisation list. Monthly assessment of AFC, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, ovarian response to a standard dose of gonadotrophin stimulation at week 8 and the number of oocytes obtained were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was AFC after 12 weeks of DHEA or placebo. RESULTS DHEA for 12 weeks prior to IVF treatment in anticipated normal responders leads to significantly higher serum and follicular DHEA-S and testosterone relative to placebo. However, no significant differences in AFC, AMH and FSH, ovarian response to standard-dose ovarian stimulation and IVF cycle outcomes can be detected. CONCLUSION No significant differences in AFC, ovarian response to a standard low dose of gonadotrophin stimulation and number of oocytes obtained were detected in anticipated normal responders receiving 12 weeks of DHEA prior to IVF treatment relative to placebo. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT No difference in ovarian response markers in normal responders receiving 12 weeks of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twy Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Chai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rhw Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vcy Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P C Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ehy Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Nagels HE, Rishworth JR, Siristatidis CS, Kroon B. Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone) for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD009749. [PMID: 26608695 PMCID: PMC10559340 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009749.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a condition affecting 10% to 15% of couples of reproductive age. It is generally defined as "the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse". The treatment of infertility may involve manipulation of gametes or of the embryos themselves. These techniques are together known as assisted reproductive technology (ART). Practitioners are constantly seeking alternative or adjunct treatments, or both, in the hope that they may improve the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. This Cochrane review focusses on the adjunct use of synthetic versions of two naturally-produced hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (T), in assisted reproduction.DHEA and its derivative testosterone are steroid hormones proposed to increase conception rates by positively affecting follicular response to gonadotrophin stimulation, leading to greater oocyte yields and, in turn, increased chance of pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of DHEA and testosterone as pre- or co-treatments in subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases, trial registers and websites up to 12 March 2015: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group (MDSG) Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, electronic trial registers for ongoing and registered trials, citation indexes, conference abstracts in the Web of Science, PubMed and OpenSIGLE. We also carried out handsearches. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DHEA or testosterone as an adjunct treatment to any other active intervention, placebo, or no treatment in women undergoing assisted reproduction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted relevant data and assessed them for risk of bias. We pooled studies using fixed-effect models. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for each dichotomous outcome. Analyses were stratified by type of treatment. There were no data for the intended groupings by dose, mode of delivery or after one/more than one cycle.We assessed the overall quality of the evidence for the main findings using the GRADE working group methods. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 RCTs with a total of 1496 participants. Apart from two trials, the trial participants were women identified as 'poor responders' to standard IVF protocols. The included trials compared either testosterone or DHEA treatment with placebo or no treatment.When DHEA was compared with placebo or no treatment, pre-treatment with DHEA was associated with higher rates of live birth or ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.71; eight RCTs, N = 878, I² statistic = 27%, moderate quality evidence). This suggests that in women with a 12% chance of live birth/ongoing pregnancy with placebo or no treatment, the live birth/ongoing pregnancy rate in women using DHEA will be between 15% and 26%. However, in a sensitivity analysis removing trials at high risk of performance bias, the effect size was reduced and no longer reached significance (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.56; five RCTs, N = 306, I² statistic = 43%). There was no evidence of a difference in miscarriage rates (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.17; eight RCTs, N = 950, I² statistic = 0%, moderate quality evidence). Multiple pregnancy data were available for five trials, with one multiple pregnancy in the DHEA group of one trial (OR 3.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 81.01; five RCTs, N = 267, very low quality evidence).When testosterone was compared with placebo or no treatment we found that pre-treatment with testosterone was associated with higher live birth rates (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.30 to 5.20; four RCTs, N = 345, I² statistic = 0%, moderate evidence). This suggests that in women with an 8% chance of live birth with placebo or no treatment, the live birth rate in women using testosterone will be between 10% and 32%. On removal of studies at high risk of performance bias in a sensitivity analysis, the remaining study showed no evidence of a difference between the groups (OR 2.00, 95% CI 0.17 to 23.49; one RCT, N = 53). There was no evidence of a difference in miscarriage rates (OR 2.04, 95% CI 0.58 to 7.13; four RCTs, N = 345, I² = 0%, low quality evidence). Multiple pregnancy data were available for three trials, with four events in the testosterone group and one in the placebo/no treatment group (OR 3.09, 95% CI 0.48 to 19.98; three RCTs, N = 292, very low quality evidence).One study compared testosterone with estradiol and reported no evidence of a difference in live birth rates (OR 2.06, 95% CI 0.43 to 9.87; one RCT, N = 46, very low quality evidence) or miscarriage rates (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.11 to 4.64; one RCT, N = 46, very low quality evidence).The quality of the evidence was moderate, the main limitations being lack of blinding in the included trials, inadequate reporting of study methods, and low event and sample sizes in some trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In women identified as poor responders undergoing ART, pre-treatment with DHEA or testosterone may be associated with improved live birth rates. The overall quality of the evidence is moderate. There is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the safety of either androgen. Definitive conclusions regarding the clinical role of either androgen awaits evidence from further well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Nagels
- University of AucklandObstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1142
| | - Josephine R Rishworth
- University of AucklandObstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1142
| | - Charalampos S Siristatidis
- University of AthensAssisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAttikon University Hospital,Rimini 1AthensChaidariGreece12462
| | - Ben Kroon
- Queensland Fertility Group Research Foundation55 Little Edward St, Level 2 Boundary CourtSpring HillBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia4000
- The University of QueenslandObstetrics & GynaecologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia4072
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Liu T, Cui YQ, Zhao H, Liu HB, Zhao SD, Gao Y, Mu XL, Gao F, Chen ZJ. High levels of testosterone inhibit ovarian follicle development by repressing the FSH signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:723-729. [PMID: 26489629 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high concentrations of testosterone on ovarian follicle development was investigated. Primary follicles and granulosa cells were cultured in vitro in media supplemented with a testosterone concentration gradient. The combined effects of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on follicular growth and granulosa cell gonadotropin receptor mRNA expression were also investigated. Follicle growth in the presence of high testosterone concentrations was promoted at early stages (days 1-7), but inhibited at later stage (days 7-14) of in vitro culture. Interestingly, testosterone-induced follicle development arrest was rescued by treatment with high concentrations of FSH (400 mIU/mL). In addition, in cultured granulosa cells, high testosterone concentrations induced cell proliferation, and increased the mRNA expression level of FSH receptor (FSHR), and luteinized hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. It was concluded that high concentrations of testosterone inhibited follicle development, most likely through regulation of the FSH signaling pathway, although independently from FSHR downregulation. These findings are an important step in further understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Yu-Qian Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shi-Dou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiao-Li Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China.
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139
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Tessaro I, Modina SC, Franciosi F, Sivelli G, Terzaghi L, Lodde V, Luciano AM. Effect of oral administration of low-dose follicle stimulating hormone on hyperandrogenized mice as a model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26437930 PMCID: PMC4594749 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread reproductive disorder characterized by a disruption of follicular growth and anovulatory infertility. In women with PCOS, follicular growth and ovulation can be induced by subcutaneous injections of low doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) on follicle development in a PCOS murine model. Moreover, since it is unlikely that intact rhFSH is present into the circulation after oral administration, the biological activity of a peptide fragment, derived from the predicted enzymatic cleavage sites with the FSH molecule, was investigated in vitro on cumulus-enclosed oocytes (COCs). Methods Female peripubertal mice were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) diluted in sesame oil for 20 consecutive days and orally treated with a saline solution of rhFSH. A control group received only sesame oil and saline solution. At the end of treatments, blood was analyzed for hormone concentrations and ovaries were processed for morphological analysis. The presumptive bioactive peptide was added during in vitro maturation of bovine COCs and the effects on cumulus expansion and on maturation rate were evaluated. Results DHEA treatment increased serum levels of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone as well as the percentage of cystic follicles. Orally administered rhFSH restored estradiol level and reduced the percentage of cystic follicles. Despite these results indicating a reduction of the severity of PCOS in the mouse model, the presumptive bioactive peptide did not mimic the effect of rhFSH and failed to induce bovine cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in vitro. Conclusions Although further studies are needed, the present data supports the concept that orally administrated FSH could attenuate some of the characteristic of PCOS in the mouse model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0192-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tessaro
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Silvia C Modina
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Biological Effects of Nano-concentrations (CREBION), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sivelli
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Laura Terzaghi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lodde
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto M Luciano
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Biological Effects of Nano-concentrations (CREBION), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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140
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Wu YG, Barad DH, Kushnir VA, Lazzaroni E, Wang Q, Albertini DF, Gleicher N. Aging-related premature luteinization of granulosa cells is avoided by early oocyte retrieval. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:167-80. [PMID: 26264981 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Why IVF pregnancy rates decline sharply after age 43 is unknown. In this study, we compared granulosa cell (GC) function in young oocyte donors (n=31, ages 21-29), middle-aged (n=64, ages 30-37) and older infertile patients (n=41, ages 43-47). Gene expressions related to gonadotropin activity, steroidogenesis, apoptosis and luteinization were examined by real-time PCR and western blot in GCs collected from follicular fluid. FSH receptor (FSHR), aromatase (CYP19A1) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B) expression were found down regulated with advancing age, while LH receptor (LHCGR), P450scc (CYP11A1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) were up regulated. Upon in vitro culture, GCs were found to exhibit lower proliferation and increased apoptosis with aging. While FSH supplementation stimulated GCs growth and prevented luteinization in vitro. These observations demonstrate age-related functional declines in GCs, consistent with premature luteinization. To avoid premature luteinization in women above age 43, we advanced oocyte retrieval by administering human chorionic gonadotropin at maximal leading follicle size of 16 mm (routine 19-21 mm). Compared to normal cycles in women of similar age, earlier retrieved patients demonstrated only a marginal increase in oocyte prematurity, yet exhibited improved embryo numbers as well as quality and respectable clinical pregnancy rates. Premature follicular luteinization appears to contribute to rapidly declining IVF pregnancy chances after age 43, and can be avoided by earlier oocyte retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Guang Wu
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David H Barad
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Vitaly A Kushnir
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Emanuela Lazzaroni
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David F Albertini
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR)21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USAFoundation for Reproductive MedicineNew York, New York 10021, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USAStem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology LaboratoryThe Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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141
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Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Laszczyńska M, Piotrowska K, Grabowska M, Grymuła K, Ratajczak MZ. Caloric restriction increases ratio of estrogen to androgen receptors expression in murine ovaries--potential therapeutic implications. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:57. [PMID: 26264910 PMCID: PMC4534007 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both estrogens and androgens are involved in the development and normal functioning of the ovaries. It is also known that ovarian function is regulated by diet. The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of sex hormone receptors in ovaries of mice that were on a 9-month caloric restriction (alternate-day feeding) as compared to normal control animals fed ad libitum. We found that prolonged caloric restriction in mouse ovaries led to increased expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) but did not affect expression of the androgen receptor (AR). This increase in ER:AR ration as result of caloric restriction may lead to higher sensitivity to estrogens and upon return to normal diet may increase ovulation. Thus our observation shed more light on a role of beneficial effect of calorie restriction on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Grymuła
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. .,Stem Cell Biology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky, USA.
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142
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Yang M, Li J, An Y, Zhang S. Effects of androgen on immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptor and Connexin 43 in mouse ovary. Tissue Cell 2015. [PMID: 26206424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgens have essential roles in the regulation of follicular development and female fertility. Androgen excess is the leading defect in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and involved in the ovarian dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate the regarding regulatory role of androgen in the follicular development of female mouse. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were performed to detect androgen receptor (AR) and Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in ovaries from both control and testosterone-treated group mice. In this study, localizations of AR and Cx43 were dramatically altered in testosterone-treated mouse ovaries. In addition, AR expression was significantly increased, whereas Cx43 expression was markedly decreased after testosterone treatment. Alterations of AR and Cx43 expression by testosterone with concomitant reduction of MII oocytes. Overall, these results suggest the involvement of androgen in the regulation of AR and Cx43 localizations in mouse ovary. Alterations of AR and Cx43 expression by testosterone may affect normal folliculogenesis. Together these findings will enable us to begin understanding the important roles of AR and Cx43 actions in the regulation of follicular development, as well as providing insights into the role of AR and Cx43 actions in the androgen-associated reproductive diseases such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, General Hospital of Beijing Army, 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, General Hospital of Beijing Army, 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yulin An
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, General Hospital of Beijing Army, 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shuiwen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, General Hospital of Beijing Army, 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
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143
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Shohat-Tal A, Sen A, Barad DH, Kushnir V, Gleicher N. Genetics of androgen metabolism in women with infertility and hypoandrogenism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:429-41. [PMID: 25942654 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoandrogenism in women with low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR, defined as an abnormally low number of small growing follicles) adversely affects fertility. The androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is increasingly used to supplement treatment protocols in women with LFOR undergoing in vitro fertilization. Due to differences in androgen metabolism, however, responses to DHEA supplementation vary between patients. In addition to overall declines in steroidogenic capacity with advancing age, genetic factors, which result in altered expression or enzymatic function of key steroidogenic proteins or their upstream regulators, might further exacerbate variations in the conversion of DHEA to testosterone. In this Review, we discuss in vitro studies and animal models of polymorphisms and gene mutations that affect the conversion of DHEA to testosterone and attempt to elucidate how these variations affect female hormone profiles. We also discuss treatment options that modulate levels of testosterone by targeting the expression of steroidogenic genes. Common variants in genes encoding DHEA sulphotransferase, aromatase, steroid 5α-reductase, androgen receptor, sex-hormone binding globulin, fragile X mental retardation protein and breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein have been implicated in androgen metabolism and, therefore, can affect levels of androgens in women. Short of screening for all potential genetic variants, hormonal assessments of patients with low testosterone levels after DHEA supplementation facilitate identification of underlying genetic defects. The genetic predisposition of patients can then be used to design individualized fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shohat-Tal
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David H Barad
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vitaly Kushnir
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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144
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McGinnis LK, Luense LJ, Christenson LK. MicroRNA in Ovarian Biology and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:a022962. [PMID: 25986593 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional gene regulatory molecules that show regulated expression within ovarian tissue. Most research investigating miRNAs in the ovary has relied exclusively on in vitro analyses. In this review, we highlight those few studies in which investigators have illustrated an in vivo effect of miRNAs on ovarian function. We also provide a synopsis of how these small noncoding RNAs can impact ovarian disease. miRNAs have great potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers for the detection of ovarian disease and in the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for selection of healthy viable oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda K McGinnis
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Lacey J Luense
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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145
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Abnormal mitochondrial function and impaired granulosa cell differentiation in androgen receptor knockout mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9831-49. [PMID: 25941928 PMCID: PMC4463620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ovary, the paracrine interactions between the oocyte and surrounded granulosa cells are critical for optimal oocyte quality and embryonic development. Mice lacking the androgen receptor (AR−/−) were noted to have reduced fertility with abnormal ovarian function that might involve the promotion of preantral follicle growth and prevention of follicular atresia. However, the detailed mechanism of how AR in granulosa cells exerts its effects on oocyte quality is poorly understood. Comparing in vitro maturation rate of oocytes, we found oocytes collected from AR−/− mice have a significantly poor maturating rate with 60% reached metaphase II and 30% remained in germinal vesicle breakdown stage, whereas 95% of wild-type AR (AR+/+) oocytes had reached metaphase II. Interestingly, we found these AR−/− female mice also had an increased frequency of morphological alterations in the mitochondria of granulosa cells with reduced ATP generation (0.18 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.02 µM/mg protein; p < 0.05) and aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanism dissection found loss of AR led to a significant decrease in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1-β (PGC1-β) and its sequential downstream genes, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), in controlling mitochondrial biogenesis. These results indicate that AR may contribute to maintain oocyte quality and fertility via controlling the signals of PGC1-β-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in granulosa cells.
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146
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Weghofer A, Himaya E, Kushnir VA, Barad DH, Lazzaroni-Tealdi E, Yu Y, Wu YG, Gleicher N. Some aspects of interactivity between endocrine and immune systems required for successful reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:29. [PMID: 25889294 PMCID: PMC4399251 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In successful reproduction, endocrine and immune systems closely interact. We here attempt to further elucidate the relationship between androgen levels, systemic activation of the immune system and reproductive success in infertile women, utilizing 2 distinct infertile patient cohorts. METHODS In Group 1, we investigated 322 women (ages 38.6+/-5.4 years) at initial presentation; in Group 2 125 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (169 IVF cycles, ages 38.9+/-5.5 years). In Group 1, we assessed androgens and an immune panel, previously demonstrated to discriminate between activated quiescent immune systems; in Group 2, utilizing the same immune panel, we investigated whether immune system activation relates to embryo quality in IVF cycles. RESULTS No individual immune test within the immune panel was associated with androgen levels. The total/free testosterone ratio (TT/FT) was, however, significantly associated with presence of gammopathies (in IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE; P=0.026). Surprisingly, immune system activation was associated with significantly improved embryo quality (P=0.008), a finding persistent after adjustment for age and repeat IVF cycles (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Association of immune system activation with improved embryo quality concurs with previously reported immune activation in association with normal functional ovarian reserve (FOR) and normal androgen levels, while, counter intuitively, hypoandrogenism and low FOR are associated with lack of immune system activation. Mild immune system activation, therefore, likely appears essential for establishment of pregnancy, and may be regulated by androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weghofer
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eric Himaya
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - David H Barad
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
- Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Yao Yu
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yan-Guang Wu
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.
- Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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147
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Abstract
Androgens mediate their actions via the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR-mediated androgen action is essential in male reproductive development and function; however, only in the last decade has the suspected but unproven role for AR-mediated actions in female reproduction been firmly established. Deciphering the specific roles and precise pathways by which AR-mediated actions regulate ovarian function has been hindered by confusion on how to interpret results from pharmacological studies using androgens that can be converted into oestrogens, which exert actions via the oestrogen receptors. The generation and analysis of global and cell-specific femaleArknockout mouse models have deduced a role for AR-mediated actions in regulating ovarian function, maintaining female fertility, and have begun to unravel the mechanisms by which AR-mediated androgen actions regulate follicle health, development and ovulation. Furthermore, observational findings from human studies and animal models provide substantial evidence to support a role for AR-mediated effects not only in normal ovarian function but also in the development of the frequent ovarian pathological disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review focuses on combining the findings from observational studies in humans, pharmacological studies and animal models to reveal the roles of AR-mediated actions in normal and pathological ovarian function. Together these findings will enable us to begin understanding the important roles of AR actions in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian ageing, as well as providing insights into the role of AR actions in the androgen-associated reproductive disorder PCOS.
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148
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Xia Y, Shen S, Zhang X, Deng Z, Xiang Z, Wang H, Yi L, Gao Q, Wang Y. Epigenetic pattern changes in prenatal female Sprague-Dawley rats following exposure to androgen. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14292. [PMID: 25823942 DOI: 10.1071/rd14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen excess is generally considered to be one of the major characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Evidence from both clinical research and animal studies has revealed that this syndrome may have fetal origins, with epigenetics being proposed as the underlying mechanism. Our PCOS rat model induced by prenatal administration of 3mg testosterone from Embryonic Day (E) 16 to E19 showed polycystic ovaries, irregular oestrous cycles and endocrine disorders in adulthood. The methylation status of 16, 8 and 4 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the promoter regions of the androgen receptor (Ar), cytochrome P450 family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (Cyp11a1) and cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (Cyp17a1) genes, respectively, were measured by pyrosequencing. We identified three hypomethylated sites (CpG +58, +65 and +150) in Ar and one hypomethylated site (CpG +1016) in Cyp11a1 in peripheral blood cells of prenatally androgenised (PNA) rats. In ovarian tissue, five CpG sites of Ar (CpG +87, +91, +93, +98, +150) and one single CpG site in Cyp11a1 (CpG +953) were significantly hypomethylated in PNA rats, but the modified methylation of these two genes may not be sufficient to significantly alter levels of gene expression. Furthermore, tissue-specific methylation analysis revealed that both Ar and Cyp11a1 exhibited significant hypomethylation in testis in contrast with ovary and blood. PNA may lead to methylation pattern changes and the development of PCOS, but further studies are required to reveal causal relationships.
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149
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Alternative splicing of the androgen receptor in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4743-8. [PMID: 25825716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418216112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders and a leading cause of female subfertility. The mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of PCOS remains to be illustrated. Here, we identify two alternative splice variants (ASVs) of the androgen receptor (AR), insertion and deletion isoforms, in granulosa cells (GCs) in ∼62% of patients with PCOS. AR ASVs are strongly associated with remarkable hyperandrogenism and abnormalities in folliculogenesis, and are absent from all control subjects without PCOS. Alternative splicing dramatically alters genome-wide AR recruitment and androgen-induced expression of genes related to androgen metabolism and folliculogenesis in human GCs. These findings establish alternative splicing of AR in GCs as the major pathogenic mechanism for hyperandrogenism and abnormal folliculogenesis in PCOS.
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150
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Rivera OE, Varayoud J, Rodríguez HA, Santamaría CG, Bosquiazzo VL, Osti M, Belmonte NM, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH. Neonatal exposure to xenoestrogens impairs the ovarian response to gonadotropin treatment in lambs. Reproduction 2015; 149:645-55. [PMID: 25778539 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) are xenoestrogens, which have been associated with altered effects on reproduction. We hypothesized that neonatal xenoestrogen exposure affects the ovarian functionality in lambs. Thus, we evaluated the ovarian response to exogenous ovine FSH (oFSH) administered from postnatal day 30 (PND30) to PND32 in female lambs previously exposed to low doses of DES or BPA (BPA50: 50 μg/kg per day, BPA0.5: 0.5 μg/kg per day) from PND1 to PND14. We determined: i) follicular growth, ii) circulating levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), iii) steroid receptors (estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and androgen receptor (AR)) and atresia, and iv) mRNA expression levels of the ovarian bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) system (BMP6, BMP15, BMPR1B, and GDF9) and FSH receptor (FSHR). Lambs neonatally exposed to DES or BPA showed an impaired ovarian response to oFSH with a lower number of follicles ≥2 mm in diameter together with a lower number of atretic follicles and no increase in E2 serum levels in response to oFSH treatment. In addition, AR induction by oFSH was disrupted in granulosa and theca cells of lambs exposed to DES or BPA. An increase in GDF9 mRNA expression levels was observed in oFSH-primed lambs previously treated with DES or BPA50. In contrast, a decrease in BMPR1B was observed in BPA0.5-postnatally exposed lambs. The modifications in AR, GDF9, and BMPR1B may be associated with the altered ovarian function due to neonatal xenoestrogen exposure in response to an exogenous gonadotropin stimulus. These alterations may be the pathophysiological basis of subfertility syndrome in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Horacio A Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Clarisa G Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mario Osti
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Norberto M Belmonte
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFacultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias BiológicasInstituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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