101
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which results in increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Casein kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) is a protein that plays an important role in regulation of bone formation. The effect of CKIP-1 on bone formation is mainly mediated through negative regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. In addition, CKIP-1 has an important role in the progression of osteoporosis. This review provides a summary of the recent studies on the role of CKIP-1 in osteoporosis development and treatment. Cite this article: X. Peng, X. Wu, J. Zhang, G. Zhang, G. Li, X. Pan. The role of CKIP-1 in osteoporosis development and treatment. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:173–178. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.BJR-2017-0172.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, People's Hospital of Bao'an District, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, and Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Longjing 2nd Rd, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, People's Hospital of Bao'an District, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, and Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Longjing 2nd Rd, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - G Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, People's Hospital of Bao'an District, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, and Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Longjing 2nd Rd, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
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102
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Qi R, Dong F, Liu Q, Murakumo Y, Liu J. CD109 and squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2018; 16:88. [PMID: 29625613 PMCID: PMC5889571 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well-known for its high rate of metastasis with poor prognosis. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface glycoprotein. Recently, CD109 emerges as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for SCCs. Accumulating studies have reported that CD109 is highly expressed in human SCCs of multiple organs, and may contribute to the progression of SCCs. In this review, we summarized the findings on expression pattern of CD109 in SCCs, and discussed the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of CD109 in pathogenesis of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Qi
- Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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103
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Lee GR. The Balance of Th17 versus Treg Cells in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E730. [PMID: 29510522 PMCID: PMC5877591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and pTreg cells, which share a common precursor cell (the naïve CD4 T cell), require a common tumor growth factor (TGF)-β signal for initial differentiation. However, terminally differentiated cells fulfill opposite functions: Th17 cells cause autoimmunity and inflammation, whereas Treg cells inhibit these phenomena and maintain immune homeostasis. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms that affect the Th17/Treg cell balance is critical if we are to better understand autoimmunity and tolerance. Recent studies have identified many factors that influence this balance; these factors range from signaling pathways triggered by T cell receptors, costimulatory receptors, and cytokines, to various metabolic pathways and the intestinal microbiota. This review article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the Th17/Treg balance and its implications with respect to autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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104
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Kluth M, Graunke M, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Minner S, Michl U, Graefen M, Huland H, Pompe R, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Lebok P, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Clauditz T, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Deletion of 18q is a strong and independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86339-86349. [PMID: 27861151 PMCID: PMC5349918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of 18q recurrently occurs in prostate cancer. To evaluate its clinical relevance, dual labeling fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for 18q21 and centromere 18 was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). An 18q deletion was found in 517 of 6,881 successfully analyzed cancers (7.5%). 18q deletion was linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype. An 18q deletion was seen in 6.4% of 4,360 pT2, 8.0% of 1,559 pT3a and 11.8% of 930 pT3b-pT4 cancers (P < 0.0001). Deletions of 18q were detected in 6.9% of 1,636 Gleason ≤ 3 + 3, 6.8% of 3,804 Gleason 3 + 4, 10.1% of 1,058 Gleason 4+3, and 9.9% of 344 Gleason ≥ 4 + 4 tumors (P = 0.0013). Deletions of 18q were slightly more frequent in ERG-fusion negative (8.2%) than in ERG-fusion positive cancers (6.4%, P = 0.0063). 18q deletions were also linked to biochemical recurrence (BCR, P < 0.0001). This was independent from established pre- and postoperative prognostic factors (P ≤ 0.0004). In summary, the results of our study identify 18q deletion as an independent prognostic parameter in prostate cancer. As it is easy to measure, 18q deletion may be a suitable component for multiparametric molecular prostate cancer prognosis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Graunke
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Raisa Pompe
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for prostate cancer research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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105
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Diverse effect of BMP-2 homodimer on mesenchymal progenitors of different origin. Hum Cell 2018; 31:139-148. [PMID: 29442285 PMCID: PMC5852203 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), is a potential factor to enhance osseointegration of dental implants. However, the appropriate cellular system to investigate the osteogenic effect of BMP-2 in vitro in a standardized manner still needs to be defined. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BMP-2 on the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human osteogenic progenitors of various origins: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) and human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell line (HEPM). For induction of osteogenic differentiation, cell culture medium was supplemented with BMP-2 homodimer alone or in combination with conventionally used differentiation inducing agents. Differentiation was monitored for 6–18 days. To assess differentiation, proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition and the expression level of osteogenic differentiation marker genes (Runx2, BMP-2) were measured. BMP-2 inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. In a concentration which caused maximal cell proliferation, BMP-2 did not induce osteogenic differentiation in any of the tested systems. However, it had a synergistic effect with the osteoinductive medium in both DPSC and Saos-2, but not in HEPM cells. We also found that the differentiation process was faster in Saos-2 than in DPSCs. Osteogenic differentiation could not be induced in the osteoblast progenitor HEPM cells. Our data suggest that in a concentration that inhibits proliferation the differentiation inducing effect of BMP-2 is evident only in the presence of permissive osteoinductive components. β-glycerophosphate, was identified interacting with BMP-2 in a synergistic manner.
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106
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Mahid S, Minor K, Brangers B, Cobbs G, Galandiuk S. SMAD2 and the Relationship of Colorectal Cancer to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) affecting the colon [Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)] are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous work using oligonucleotide array data indicated that SMAD2 was significantly underexpressed in UC dysplastic tissue compared to benign UC. The aim of this current study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the SMAD2 gene are associated with IBD dysplasia/cancer. We performed an SNP haplotype-based case-control association study. Leukocyte DNA was obtained from 489 unrelated Caucasians (158 UC, 175 CD, 71 CRC, 85 controls). Eleven SNPs were genotyped. All 11 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among nearly all SMAD2 SNPs. There were no significant associations between SMAD2 allele or haplotype frequencies. Power calculations indicated good power for single-marker analysis (>0.8) and reasonably good power against effects of 0.1–0.15 for haplotype analysis. SMAD2 SNPs were not associated with the development of IBD dysplasia/cancer. This incongruity between our previous microarray data and the findings from this genotype study may be attributed to mechanisms such as alternative splicing of pre-mRNA SMAD2 and/or cross talk with other cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Mahid
- Price Institute of Surgical Research and the Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - K.S. Minor
- Price Institute of Surgical Research and the Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - B.C. Brangers
- Price Institute of Surgical Research and the Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - G.A. Cobbs
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky - USA
| | - S. Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research and the Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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107
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Wu YH, Lee YH, Shih HY, Chen SH, Cheng YC, Tsun-Yee Chiu D. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is indispensable in embryonic development by modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the NOX/Smad3/miR-200b axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29317613 PMCID: PMC5849038 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a housekeeping enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate shunt for producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Severe G6PD deficiency leads to embryonic lethality, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the current study, the effects of G6PD on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), especially during embryonic development, were investigated. The knockdown of G6PD induced morphological changes, accompanied by the suppression of epithelial markers, E-cadherin and β-catenin, in A549 and MDCK cells. Such modulation of EMT was corroborated by the enhancement of migration ability in G6PD-knockdown A549 cells. Zebrafish embryos with g6pd knockdown exhibited downregulation of the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion molecules and impaired embryonic development through reduction in epiboly rate and increase in cell shedding at the embryo surface. The dysregulation in zebrafish embryonic development caused by g6pd knockdown could be rescued through human G6PD or CDH1 (E-cadherin gene) cRNA coinjection. The Smad3/miR-200b axis was dysregulated upon G6PD knockdown, and the reconstitution of SMAD3 in G6PD-knockdown A549 cells restored the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin. The inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation through the loss of p22phox signaling was involved in the dysregulation of the Smad3/miR-200b axis upon G6PD knockdown. The reconstitution of G6PD led to the recovery of the regulation of NOX/Smad3/miR-200b signaling and increased the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin in G6PD-knockdown cells. Thus, these results suggest that in the EMT process, G6PD plays an important regulatory role as an integral component of the NOX/Smad3/miR-200b axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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108
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Long-term ethanol exposure: Temporal pattern of microRNA expression and associated mRNA gene networks in mouse brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190841. [PMID: 29315347 PMCID: PMC5760035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term alcohol use can result in lasting changes in brain function, ultimately leading to alcohol dependence. These functional alterations arise from dysregulation of complex gene networks, and growing evidence implicates microRNAs as key regulators of these networks. We examined time- and brain region-dependent changes in microRNA expression after chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure in C57BL/6J mice. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 8, and 120h following the last exposure to four weekly cycles of CIE vapor and we measured microRNA expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAC), and amygdala (AMY). The number of detected (395–419) and differentially expressed (DE, 42–47) microRNAs was similar within each brain region. However, the DE microRNAs were distinct among brain regions and across time within each brain region. DE microRNAs were linked with their DE mRNA targets across each brain region. In all brain regions, the greatest number of DE mRNA targets occurred at the 0 or 8h time points and these changes were associated with microRNAs DE at 0 or 8h. Two separate approaches (discrete temporal association and hierarchical clustering) were combined with pathway analysis to further characterize the temporal relationships between DE microRNAs and their 120h DE targets. We focused on targets dysregulated at 120h as this time point represents a state of protracted withdrawal known to promote an increase in subsequent ethanol consumption. Discrete temporal association analysis identified networks with highly connected genes including ERK1/2 (mouse equivalent Mapk3, Mapk1), Bcl2 (in AMY networks) and Srf (in PFC networks). Similarly, the cluster-based analysis identified hub genes that include Bcl2 (in AMY networks) and Srf in PFC networks, demonstrating robust microRNA-mRNA network alterations in response to CIE exposure. In contrast, datasets utilizing targets from 0 and 8h microRNAs identified NF-kB-centered networks (in NAC and PFC), and Smad3-centered networks (in AMY). These results demonstrate that CIE exposure results in dynamic and complex temporal changes in microRNA-mRNA gene network structure.
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109
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Ashry M, Rajput SK, Folger JK, Knott JG, Hemeida NA, Kandil OM, Ragab RS, Smith GW. Functional role of AKT signaling in bovine early embryonic development: potential link to embryotrophic actions of follistatin. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:1. [PMID: 29310676 PMCID: PMC5759257 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β signaling pathways regulate several crucial processes in female reproduction. AKT is a non-SMAD signaling pathway regulated by TGF-β ligands essential for oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in the mouse, but its regulatory role in bovine early embryonic development is not well established. Previously, we demonstrated a stimulatory role for follistatin (a binding protein for specific members of TGF-β superfamily) in early bovine embryonic development. The objectives of the present studies were to determine the functional role of AKT signaling in bovine early embryonic development and embryotrophic actions of follistatin. METHODS We used AKT inhibitors III and IV as pharmacological inhibitors of AKT signaling pathway during the first 72 h of in vitro embryo culture. Effects of AKT inhibition on early embryonic development and AKT phosphorylation were investigated in the presence or absence of exogenous follistatin. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of AKT signaling resulted in a significant reduction in early embryo cleavage, and development to the 8- to 16-cell and blastocyst stages (d7). Treatment with exogenous follistatin increased AKT phosphorylation and rescued the inhibitory effect of AKT inhibitors III and IV on AKT phosphorylation and early embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, results suggest a potential requirement of AKT for bovine early embryonic development, and suggest a potential role for follistatin in regulation of AKT signaling in early bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ashry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sandeep K. Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jason G. Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Nabil A. Hemeida
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima M. Kandil
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Refaat S. Ragab
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - George W. Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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110
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Dopeso H, Rodrigues P, Bilic J, Bazzocco S, Cartón-García F, Macaya I, de Marcondes PG, Anguita E, Masanas M, Jiménez-Flores LM, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Nieto R, Segura MF, Schwartz Jr S, Mariadason JM, Arango D. Mechanisms of inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene RHOA in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:106-116. [PMID: 29206819 PMCID: PMC5765235 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced RHOA signalling has been shown to increase the growth/metastatic potential of colorectal tumours. However, the mechanisms of inactivation of RHOA signalling in colon cancer have not been characterised. METHODS A panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and large cohorts of primary tumours were used to investigate the expression and activity of RHOA, as well as the presence of RHOA mutations/deletions and promoter methylation affecting RHOA. Changes in RHOA expression were assessed by western blotting and qPCR after modulation of microRNAs, SMAD4 and c-MYC. RESULTS We show here that RHOA point mutations and promoter hypermethylation do not significantly contribute to the large variability of RHOA expression observed among colorectal tumours. However, RHOA copy number loss was observed in 16% of colorectal tumours and this was associated with reduced RHOA expression. Moreover, we show that miR-200a/b/429 downregulates RHOA in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, we found that TGF-β/SMAD4 upregulates the RHOA promoter. Conversely, RHOA expression is transcriptionally downregulated by canonical Wnt signalling through the Wnt target gene c-MYC that interferes with the binding of SP1 to the RHOA promoter in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a complex pattern of inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene RHOA in colon cancer cells through genetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higinio Dopeso
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Josipa Bilic
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Sarah Bazzocco
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Fernando Cartón-García
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Irati Macaya
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Priscila Guimarães de Marcondes
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Estefanía Anguita
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marc Masanas
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Lizbeth M Jiménez-Flores
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Rocío Nieto
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Simo Schwartz Jr
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - John M Mariadason
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 on survival and development of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 110:44-51. [PMID: 29331831 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2) and 4 (BMP2) on follicle development and mRNA expression for GDF9, Cyclin B1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPRII, FSHR and SMAD1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured for 18 days in TCM199+ medium alone or supplemented with BMP2 (10 ng/mL), BMP4 (100 ng/mL) or combination of both BMP2 and 4. Real-time PCR was used to analyze mRNA levels in fresh and cultured follicles. After 18 days of culture, follicles cultured with BMP2 alone or with BMP4 alone had larger diameters when compared to control (P < .05). In addition, all treatments promoted antrum formation and maintained a high viability rate through the growing period. The presence of BMP2, BMP4 or both together did not influence mRNA expression for the tested genes. However, the in vitro culture induces down-regulation for mRNA expression of BMPR1A. In conclusion, the addition of BMP2 or BMP4 alone in cultured medium promotes follicular growth and antrum formation in bovine follicles after 18 days of in vitro culture.
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112
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Blanco R, Suazo J, Santos JL, Carreño H, Palomino H, Jara L. No Evidence for Linkage and Association between 4q Microsatellite Markers and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Chilean Case-Parents Trios. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 42:267-71. [PMID: 15865460 DOI: 10.1597/03-160.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveNonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) has the characteristics of a complex genetic trait. Linkage and association studies have suggested that one or more clefting loci may be located on chromosome 4q. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible linkage and association due to linkage disequilibrium between five microsatellite markers located on 4q28 to 4q33 and NSCLP, using the case-parent trio design.Subjects and MethodsA total of 56 Chilean families (32 simplex and 24 multiplex) were recruited. Microsatellite markers were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent-labeled forward primers, followed by electrophoresis on a laser-fluorescent sequencer. Case-parents trios were ascertained to assess linkage and linkage disequilibrium through a multistage procedure. Transmission disequilibrium tests for multiple alleles were carried out to assess the statistical significance of 4q28 to 4q33 microsatellite markers.ResultsOnly weak evidence for linkage was obtained for the FGA marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .08 and empirical p value = .05). Only the FGA and UCP1 markers were selected for association analysis in trios, with unrelated cases achieving a nearly significant result for the UCP1 marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .07 and empirical p value = .19).ConclusionThough the FGA and UCP1 markers showed nearly significant p values for linkage and association, respectively, the results of the present study provided insufficient evidence of the existence of a major susceptibility locus in the 4q region that was analyzed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Blanco
- Human Genetics Program, ICBM, School of Medicine, University of Chile.
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Nakajima T, Hata R, Kunieda Y, Kondo T. Distribution of Smad mRNA and proteins in the rat brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 90:11-39. [PMID: 29196107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Smad proteins are known to transduce the action of TGF-β superfamily proteins including TGF-βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In this study, we examined the expression of Smad1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -8 mRNA in the rat brain by means of RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). In addition, we examined the nuclear accumulation of Smad1, -2, -3, -5, and -8 proteins after intracerebroventricular injection of TGF-β1, activin A, or BMP6 with immunohistochemistry to investigate whether TGF-β, activin, and/or BMP activate Smads in the rat brain. RT-PCR analysis revealed that Smad1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -8 mRNA was expressed in the brain and that the Smad3 and Smad8 mRNA differed in the expression level between brain regions. For example, there were high levels of expression of Smad3 mRNA in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen/globus pallidus, and cerebellum, but low levels in the thalamus and midbrain. Expression of Smad8 mRNA was higher in the midbrain, cerebellum, and pons/medulla oblongata in comparison to the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate putamen/globus pallidus, hippocampus/dentate gyrus, and thalamus. ISH signals for Smad1 mRNA were widely detected in the brain except for a small number of regions including the olfactory tubercle, posterior region of hypothalamus, and cerebellar nuclei. ISH signals for Smad2 mRNA were abundantly observed in several brain regions including the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, basal ganglia, cingulate cortex, epithalamus, including the pineal gland and medial habenular nuclei, hypothalamus, inferior colliculi of the midbrain, and some nuclei in the pons, cerebellar cortex, and choroid plexus. ISH signals for Smad3 mRNA were also abundantly observed in several brain regions. Especially strong signals for Smad3 mRNA were observed in the olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, basal ganglia, dentate gyrus, and cingulate cortex. ISH signals for Smad5 and Smad8 mRNA were restricted to a small number of brain regions, the signal intensity of which was weak. ISH signals for Smad4 mRNA were detected in all regions examined. Intracerebroventricular injection of activin A induced nuclear accumulation of Smad2 and Smad3 immunoreactivity in neurons. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of TGF-β1 or BMP6 did not induce nuclear accumulation of the immunoreactivity for any Smad in neurons. These results suggest that activin-Smad signaling plays an important role in brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakajima
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Hata
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yuji Kunieda
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kondo
- Department of Integrated Structural Biosciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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114
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Subasi S, Altintas O, Kasap M, Guzel N, Akpinar G, Karaman S. Comparative proteomic analysis of amnion membrane transplantation and cross-linking treatments in an experimental alkali injury model. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2563-2574. [PMID: 29170974 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, by using a two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis-based experimental approach, we aimed at understanding the nature of alkali injuries and the underlying mechanisms. A secondary aim was to compare the effects of cross-linking (CXL) and amnion membrane transplantation (AMT) on corneal protein compositions at the end of the early repair phase after injured with alkali. METHOD The right corneas of 24 rabbits were injured with a 1 N solution of NaOH. Groups were formed based on the adjuvant therapies as (1) healthy group, (2) control group, (3) CXL group, (4) AMT group. In addition to the therapies, a conventional medical treatment was applied to all groups. Left eyes were used as within-subject healthy corneas (1). The corneas were excised at day 21, and a comparative proteomic analysis was performed using 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULT 2D gel electrophoresis revealed the presence seven protein spots whose abundance changed among the groups. Those proteins were SH3 domain-binding protein, plant homeodomain finger protein 23, S100 calcium binding protein A-11(S100 A11), keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 1 and 2, transketolase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that the observed changes may be linked to a central metabolic pathway, transforming growth factor beta 1. Canonical pathway analysis focused our attention to two different pathways, namely nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repair pathway and non-oxidative branch of pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSION Our results shed some light onto the molecular mechanisms affected by alkali injury and adjuvant treatments. Further research is needed to propose medically significant target molecules that may be used for novel drug developments for alkali injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Subasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Körfez State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ozgul Altintas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nil Guzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Karaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Talya Medical Center, Antalya, Turkey
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115
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Li Y, Wang LH, Zhang HT, Wang YT, Liu S, Zhou WL, Yuan XZ, Li TY, Wu CF, Yang JY. Disulfiram combined with copper inhibits metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through the NF-κB and TGF-β pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:439-451. [PMID: 29148232 PMCID: PMC5742719 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Late‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually has a low survival rate because of the high risk of metastases and the lack of an effective cure. Disulfiram (DSF) has copper (Cu)‐dependent anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. The present work aims to explore the anti‐metastasis effects and molecular mechanisms of DSF/Cu on HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that DSF inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Cu improved the anti‐metastatic activity of DSF, while Cu alone had no effect. Furthermore, DSF/Cu inhibited both NF‐κB and TGF‐β signalling, including the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB subunits and the expression of Smad4, leading to down‐regulation of Snail and Slug, which contributed to phenotype epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, DSF/Cu inhibited the lung metastasis of Hep3B cells not only in a subcutaneous tumour model but also in an orthotopic liver metastasis assay. These results indicated that DSF/Cu suppressed the metastasis and EMT of hepatic carcinoma through NF‐κB and TGF‐β signalling. Our study indicates the potential of DSF/Cu for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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116
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At'kova EL, Reyn DA, Yartsev VD, Subbot AM. [Influence of TGF-β cytokine and a number of other biochemical factors on regenerative process]. Vestn Oftalmol 2017; 133:89-96. [PMID: 28980572 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2017133489-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Scarring is one of the main causes of surgical failure in a number of eye diseases, dacryologic conditions in particular. The process of wound healing, including postoperative wound healing, goes through several stages mediated by various biochemical factors, such as growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The balance between the latter directly influences the wound healing. However, current data on the effect of these factors on postoperative outcomes are few and contradictory. Thus, in dacryology as well as in other areas of ophthalmology, the role of cytokines and growth factors in healing of surgical wounds is being intensively researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L At'kova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - D A Reyn
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - V D Yartsev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - A M Subbot
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
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117
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Marsboom G, Chen Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Tiruppathi C, Loyd JE, Austin ED, Machado RF, Minshall RD, Rehman J, Malik AB. Aberrant caveolin-1-mediated Smad signaling and proliferation identified by analysis of adenine 474 deletion mutation (c.474delA) in patient fibroblasts: a new perspective on the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1177-1185. [PMID: 28468941 PMCID: PMC5415014 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterozygous caveolin-1 c.474delA mutation has been identified in a family with heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This frameshift mutation leads to a caveolin-1 protein that contains all known functional domains but has a change in only the final 20 amino acids of the C-terminus. Here we studied how this mutation alters caveolin-1 function, using patient-derived fibroblasts. Transmission electron microscopy showed that fibroblasts carrying the c.474delA mutation form typical caveolae. Expression of mutated caveolin-1 in caveolin-1-null mouse fibroblasts failed to induce formation of caveolae due to retention of the mutated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, coexpression of wild-type caveolin-1 with mutated caveolin-1 restored the ability to form caveolae. Importantly, fibroblasts carrying the mutation showed twofold increase in proliferation rate associated with hyperphosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. This mutation impaired the antiproliferative function of caveolin-1. Inhibition of type I TGFβ receptors ALK1/2/3/6 responsible for phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 reduced the hyperproliferation seen in c.474delA fibroblasts. These results demonstrate the critical role of the final 20 amino acids of caveolin-1 in modulating fibroblast proliferation by dampening Smad signaling and suggest that augmented Smad signaling and fibroblast hyperproliferation are contributing factors in the pathogenesis of PAH in patients with caveolin-1 c.474delA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Marsboom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - James E Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Eric D Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
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Mishra DK, Srivastava P, Sharma A, Prasad R, Bhuyan SK, Malage R, Kumar P, Yadava PK. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is required for TGF-β1 induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and influences cytoskeletal reorganization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1865:67-75. [PMID: 28958626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a programed course of developmental changes resulting in the acquisition of invasiveness and mobility in cells. In cancer, this course is used by epithelial cells to attain movability. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) has been extensively characterized following the observation on tumor reversion ensuing its depletion. However, the role of TCTP in cancer progression is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TCTP is a target of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a key regulator of EMT in A549 cells. We here present changes in expression patterns of intermediate filament markers (vimentin and cytokeratin 18a) of EMT following TCTP knockdown or over expression. The TCTP over-expression in cancer cells is associated with mesenchymal characters, while downregulation promotes the epithelial markers in the cells. Interaction of TCTP with β-catenin seems to stabilize β-catenin, preparative to its nuclear localization highlighting a role for β-catenin signaling in EMT. Moreover, the induction of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) following ectopic expression of TCTP leads to destabilization of ECM. The cells knocked down for TCTP show diminished invasiveness and migration under TGF-β1 treatment. The present results for the first time demonstrate that TGF-β1 dependent TCTP expression is required for EMT in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Mishra
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratibha Srivastava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amod Sharma
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ramraj Prasad
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soubhagya Kumar Bhuyan
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahuldev Malage
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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119
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Sarais V, Cermisoni GC, Schimberni M, Alteri A, Papaleo E, Somigliana E, Vigano' P. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin as a Possible Mediator of Leiomyoma Growth during Pregnancy: Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2014. [PMID: 28930160 PMCID: PMC5618662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecologic benign tumors. Studies supporting a strong pregnancy-related growth of leiomyomas generally claimed a crucial role of sex steroid hormones. However, sex steroids are unlikely the unique actors involved as estrogen and progesterone achieve a pick serum concentration in the last trimester while leiomyomas show a typical increase during the first trimester. Given the rapid exponential raise in serum human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) at the beginning of gestation, we conducted a review to assess the potential role of hCG in the striking growth of leiomyomas during initial pregnancy. Fibroid growth during initial pregnancy seems to correlate to the similar increase of serum hCG levels until 12 weeks of gestation. The presence of functional Luteinizing Hormone/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptors was demonstrated on leiomyomas. In vitro treatment of leiomyoma cells with hCG determines an up to 500% increase in cell number after three days. Expression of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 was significantly increased in leiomyoma cells by hCG treatment. Moreover, upon binding to the receptor, hCG stimulates prolactin secretion in leiomyoma cells, promoting cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Fibroid enlargement during initial pregnancy may be regulated by serum hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sarais
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Greta Chiara Cermisoni
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Schimberni
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Alteri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico AND Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Vigano'
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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120
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Cervello M, Augello G, Cusimano A, Emma MR, Balasus D, Azzolina A, McCubrey JA, Montalto G. Pivotal roles of glycogen synthase-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 65:59-76. [PMID: 28619606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and represents the second most frequently cancer and third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. At advanced stage, HCC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and with very limited response to common therapies. Therefore, there is still the need for new effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategies. Molecular-targeted therapies hold promise for HCC treatment. One promising molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The roles of GSK-3β in HCC remain controversial, several studies suggested a possible role of GSK-3β as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC, whereas, other studies indicate that GSK-3β is a potential therapeutic target for this neoplasia. In this review, we will focus on the different roles that GSK-3 plays in HCC and its interaction with signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, such as Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (HH), and TGF-β pathways. In addition, the pivotal roles of GSK3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Balasus
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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121
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Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the mechanisms of DUB regulation. In this review paper, we summarize a novel possible mechanism of DUB deubiquitylation by other DUBs. The available data suggest the need for further experiments to validate and characterize this notion of 'Dubbing DUBs'. The current studies indicate that the idea of deubiquitylation of DUBs by other DUBs is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, future research holds the promise of validation of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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122
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Novel ALK5 inhibitor TP0427736 reduces TGF-β induced growth inhibition in human outer root sheath cells and elongates anagen phase in mouse hair follicles. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:485-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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123
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Chunhua M, Hongyan L. Protective effect of pilose antler peptide on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:648-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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124
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Abdullahi W, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Functional Expression of P-glycoprotein and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Understanding Transport Mechanisms for Improved CNS Drug Delivery? AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:931-939. [PMID: 28447295 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is greatly limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Physical and biochemical properties of the BBB have rendered treatment of CNS diseases, including those with a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) component, extremely difficult. Targeting endogenous BBB transporters from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily (i.e., P-glycoprotein (P-gp)) or from the solute carrier (SLC) family (i.e., organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs in humans; Oatps in rodents)) has been suggested as a strategy that can improve delivery of drugs to the brain. With respect to P-gp, direct pharmacological inhibition using small molecules or selective regulation by targeting intracellular signaling pathways has been explored. These approaches have been largely unsuccessful due to toxicity issues and unpredictable pharmacokinetics. Therefore, our laboratory has proposed that optimization of CNS drug delivery, particularly for treatment of diseases with an H/R component, can be achieved by targeting Oatp isoforms at the BBB. As the major drug transporting Oatp isoform, Oatp1a4 has demonstrated blood-to-brain transport of substrate drugs with neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, our laboratory has shown that targeting Oatp1a4 regulation (i.e., TGF-β signaling mediated via the ALK-1 and ALK-5 transmembrane receptors) represents an opportunity to control Oatp1a4 functional expression for the purpose of delivering therapeutics to the CNS. In this review, we will discuss limitations of targeting P-gp-mediated transport activity and the advantages of targeting Oatp-mediated transport. Through this discussion, we will also provide critical information on novel approaches to improve CNS drug delivery by targeting endogenous uptake transporters expressed at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazir Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA.
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125
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Hur W, Lee HY, Min HS, Wufuer M, Lee CW, Hur JA, Kim SH, Kim BK, Choi TH. Regeneration of full-thickness skin defects by differentiated adipose-derived stem cells into fibroblast-like cells by fibroblast-conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28427476 PMCID: PMC5399413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells in the human body and are absolutely necessary for wound healing such as for injured skin. This role of fibroblasts was the reason why we aimed to differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into fibroblasts and to test their wound healing potency. Recent reports on hADSC-derived conditioned medium have indicated stimulation of collagen synthesis as well as migration of dermal fibroblasts in wound sites with these cells. Similarly, human fibroblast-derived conditioned medium (F-CM) was reported to contain a variety of factors known to be important for growth of skin. However, it remains unknown whether and how F-CM can stimulate hADSCs to secrete type I collagen. Methods In this study, we obtained F-CM from the culture of human skin fibroblast HS27 cells in DMEM media. For an in-vivo wound healing assay using cell transplantation, balb/c nude mice with full-thickness skin wound were used. Results Our data showed that levels of type I pro-collagen secreted by hADSCs cultured in F-CM increased significantly compared with hADSCs kept in normal medium for 72 h. In addition, from a Sircol collagen assay, the amount of collagen in F-CM-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) was markedly higher than both the normal medium-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) and the F-CM (24 h). We aimed to confirm that hADSCs in F-CM would differentiate into fibroblast cells in order to stimulate wound healing in a skin defect model. To investigate whether F-CM induced hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells, we performed FACS analysis and verified that both F-CM-treated hADSCs and HS27 cells contained similar expression patterns for CD13, CD54, and CD105, whereas normal medium-treated hADSCs were significantly different. mRNA level analysis for Nanog, Oct4A, and Sox2 as undifferentiation markers and vimentin, HSP47, and desmin as matured fibroblast markers supported the characterization that hADSCs in F-CM were highly differentiated into fibroblast-like cells. To discover the mechanism of type I pro-collagen expression in hADSCs in F-CM, we observed that phospho-smad 2/3 levels were increased in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. For in-vivo analysis, we injected various cell types into balb/c nude mouse skin carrying a 10-mm punch wound, and observed a significantly positive wound healing effect in this full-thickness excision model with F-CM-treated hADSCs rather than with untreated hADSCs or the PBS injected group. Conclusions We differentiated F-CM-treated hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells and demonstrated their efficiency in wound healing in a skin wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojune Hur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Young Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Maierdanjiang Wufuer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University 110-744, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji An Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeung Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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126
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Iyengar PV. Regulation of Ubiquitin Enzymes in the TGF-β Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040877. [PMID: 28425962 PMCID: PMC5412458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway has a tumor suppressor role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes oncogenesis in advanced cancer cells. Components of the pathway are tightly controlled by ubiquitin modifying enzymes and aberrations in these enzymes are frequently observed to dysregulate the pathway causing diseases such as bone disorders, cancer and metastasis. These enzymes and their counterparts are increasingly being tested as druggable targets, and thus a deeper understanding of the enzymes is required. This review summarizes the roles of specific ubiquitin modifying enzymes in the TGF-β pathway and how they are regulated.
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127
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Gupta S, Rodier JT, Sharma A, Giuliano EA, Sinha PR, Hesemann NP, Ghosh A, Mohan RR. Targeted AAV5-Smad7 gene therapy inhibits corneal scarring in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172928. [PMID: 28339457 PMCID: PMC5365107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal scarring is due to aberrant activity of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway following traumatic, mechanical, infectious, or surgical injury. Altered TGFβ signaling cascade leads to downstream Smad (Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic) protein-mediated signaling events that regulate expression of extracellular matrix and myogenic proteins. These events lead to transdifferentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts through fibroblasts and often results in permanent corneal scarring. Hence, therapeutic targets that reduce transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts may provide a clinically relevant approach to treat corneal fibrosis and improve long-term visual outcomes. Smad7 protein regulates the functional effects of TGFβ signaling during corneal wound healing. We tested that targeted delivery of Smad7 using recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5-Smad7) delivered to the corneal stroma can inhibit corneal haze post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in vivo in a rabbit corneal injury model. We demonstrate that a single topical application of AAV5-Smad7 in rabbit cornea post-PRK led to a significant decrease in corneal haze and corneal fibrosis. Further, histopathology revealed lack of immune cell infiltration following AAV5-Smad7 gene transfer into the corneal stroma. Our data demonstrates that AAV5-Smad7 gene therapy is relatively safe with significant potential for the treatment of corneal disease currently resulting in fibrosis and impaired vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Rodier
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Giuliano
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Prashant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nathan P. Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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128
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Nickel NP, O'Leary JM, Brittain EL, Fessel JP, Zamanian RT, West JD, Austin ED. Kidney dysfunction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:38-54. [PMID: 28680564 PMCID: PMC5448543 DOI: 10.1086/690018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both profoundly impact patient outcomes, whether as primary disease states or as co-morbid conditions. PH is a common co-morbidity in CKD and vice versa. A growing body of literature describes the epidemiology of PH secondary to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (WHO group 5 PH). But, there are only limited data on the epidemiology of kidney disease in group 1 PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on epidemiology and discuss potential disease mechanisms and management implications of kidney dysfunction in PAH. Kidney dysfunction, determined by serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate, is a frequent co-morbidity in PAH and impaired kidney function is a strong and independent predictor of mortality. Potential mechanisms of PAH affecting the kidneys are increased venous congestion, decreased cardiac output, and neurohormonal activation. On a molecular level, increased TGF-β signaling and increased levels of circulating cytokines could have the potential to worsen kidney function. Nephrotoxicity does not seem to be a common side effect of PAH-targeted therapy. Treatment implications for kidney disease in PAH include glycemic control, lifestyle modification, and potentially Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Nickel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J M O'Leary
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E L Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R T Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J D West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E D Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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129
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Kim D, Jung YG, Roh S. Microarray analysis of embryo-derived bovine pluripotent cells: The vulnerable state of bovine embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173278. [PMID: 28257460 PMCID: PMC5336296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many studies about pluripotent stem cells, little is known about pluripotent pathways and the difficulties of maintaining the pluripotency of bovine cells in vitro. Here, we investigated differently expressed genes (DEG) in bovine embryo-derived stem-like cells (eSLCs) from various origins to validate their distinct characteristics of pluripotency and differentiation. We identified core pluripotency markers and additional markers which were not determined as pluripotency markers yet in bovine eSLCs. Using the KEGG database, TGFβ, WNT, and LIF signaling were related to the maintenance of pluripotency. In contrast, some DEGs related to the LIF pathway were down-regulated, suggesting that reactivation of the pathway may be required for the establishment of true bovine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Interestingly, oncogenes were co-down-regulated, while tumor suppressor genes were co-up-regulated in eSLCs, implying that this pattern may induce abnormal teratomas. These data analyses of signaling pathways provide essential information on authentic ESCs in addition to providing evidence for pluripotency in bovine eSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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130
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Insights into cellular signalling by G protein coupled receptor transactivation of cell surface protein kinase receptors. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:117-125. [PMID: 28168348 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling is mediated by transactivation independent and transactivation dependent pathways. GPCRs transactivate protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKRs) and protein serine/threonine kinase receptors (PS/TKR). Since the initial observations of transactivation dependent signalling, there has been an effort to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomena. GPCR signalling has evolved to include biased signalling. Biased signalling, whereby selected ligands can activate the same GPCR that can generate multiple signals, but drive only a unique response. To date, there has been no focus on the ability of biased agonists to activate the PTKR and PS/TKR transactivation pathways differentially. As such, this represents a novel direction for future research. This review will discuss the main mechanisms of GPCR mediated receptor transactivation and the pathways involved in intracellular responses.
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131
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Li J, Hu K, Gong G, Zhu D, Wang Y, Liu H, Wu X. Upregulation of MiR-205 transcriptionally suppresses SMAD4 and PTEN and contributes to human ovarian cancer progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41330. [PMID: 28145479 PMCID: PMC5286557 DOI: 10.1038/srep41330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as critical regulators of gene expression and their deregulation is associated with the development and progression of various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the biological role and mechanism of miR-205 in ovarian cancer (OC). MiR-205 was upregulated in OC tissues and cells in comparison to the controls. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-205 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of OC patients. Functional study indicated that ectopic expression of miR-205 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of OC cells. SMAD4 and PTEN were identified as direct targets of miR-205 using luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blot. Most interestingly, in vivo studies indicated that miR-205 markedly promoted the growth and metastasis of tumors and the expression of miR-205 was also found to be inversely correlated with that of SMAD4 and PTEN in nude mice. Overall, we suggest that miR-205 functions as an oncogenic miRNA by directly binding to SMAD4 and PTEN, providing a novel target for the molecular treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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132
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Sharma P, McClees SF, Afaq F. Pomegranate for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: An Update. Molecules 2017; 22:E177. [PMID: 28125044 PMCID: PMC5560105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and those who survive cancer may experience lasting difficulties, including treatment side effects, as well as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial struggles. Naturally-occurring agents from dietary fruits and vegetables have received considerable attention for the prevention and treatment of cancers. These natural agents are safe and cost efficient in contrast to expensive chemotherapeutic agents, which may induce significant side effects. The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit has been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of diseases and ailments for centuries in ancient cultures. Pomegranate exhibits strong antioxidant activity and is a rich source of anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and hydrolysable tannins. Studies have shown that the pomegranate fruit as well as its juice, extract, and oil exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumorigenic properties by modulating multiple signaling pathways, which suggest its use as a promising chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of pomegranate in prevention and treatment of skin, breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Sarah F McClees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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133
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Zou XZ, Liu T, Gong ZC, Hu CP, Zhang Z. MicroRNAs-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrotic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:190-206. [PMID: 27916556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small and highly conserved non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs underlies a spectrum of diseases including organ fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs contribute to organ fibrosis through mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alleviation of EMT has been proposed as a promising strategy against fibrotic diseases given the key role of EMT in fibrosis. miRNAs impact the expression of specific ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways, thus modulating EMT and consequently influencing fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning how miRNAs regulate EMT and highlights the specific roles that miRNAs-regulated EMT plays in fibrotic diseases as diverse as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis. It is desirable that a more comprehensive understanding of the functions of miRNAs-regulated EMT will facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various debilitating organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhou Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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134
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Luu BE, Biggar KK, Wu CW, Storey KB. Torpor-responsive expression of novel microRNA regulating metabolism and other cellular pathways in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel,Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3574-3582. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. Luu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa Canada
| | - Kyle K. Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa Canada
| | - Cheng-Wei Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa Canada
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135
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Jeon WY, Shin IS, Shin HK, Jin SE, Lee MY. Aqueous Extract of Gumiganghwal-tang, a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Reduces Pulmonary Fibrosis by Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Murine Model of Chronic Asthma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164833. [PMID: 27741312 PMCID: PMC5065144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gumiganghwal-tang is a traditional herbal prescription that is used widely for the treatment of the common cold and inflammatory diseases in Korea and other Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a Gumiganghwal-tang aqueous extract (GGTA) against airway inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis using a mouse model of chronic asthma. Chronic asthma was modeled in BALB/c mice via sensitization/challenge with an intraperitoneal injection of 1% ovalbumin (OVA) and inhalation of nebulized 1% OVA for 4 weeks. GGTA (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) was also administered by oral gavage once a day for 4 weeks. We investigated the number of inflammatory cells, production of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, chemokine and the total transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the plasma; the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue; and the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, and collagen in lung tissue. Our results revealed that GGTA lowered the recruitment of inflammatory cells (particularly, lymphocyte); and decreased the production of Th2 cytokines, chemokine and total TGF-β1; and attenuated the levels of total and OVA-specific IgE; and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, GGTA significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad-3, and lowered collagen deposition. These results indicate that GGTA reduces airway inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by regulating Th2 cytokines production and the TGF-β1/Smad-3 pathway, thus providing a potential treatment for chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jeon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Jin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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136
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Du X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang X. Evolution history of duplicated smad3 genes in teleost: insights from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2500. [PMID: 27703851 PMCID: PMC5045880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) during deuterosome evolution, a third genome duplication occurred in the ray-fined fish lineage and is considered to be responsible for the teleost-specific lineage diversification and regulation mechanisms. As a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD), the function of SMAD3 was widely studied in mammals. However, limited information of its role or putative paralogs is available in ray-finned fishes. In this study, two SMAD3 paralogs were first identified in the transcriptome and genome of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We also explored SMAD3 duplication in other selected species. Following identification, genomic structure, phylogenetic reconstruction, and synteny analyses performed by MrBayes and online bioinformatic tools confirmed that smad3a/3b most likely originated from the teleost-specific WGD. Additionally, selection pressure analysis and expression pattern of the two genes performed by PAML and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed evidence of subfunctionalization of the two SMAD3 paralogs in teleost. Our results indicate that two SMAD3 genes originate from teleost-specific WGD, remain transcriptionally active, and may have likely undergone subfunctionalization. This study provides novel insights to the evolution fates of smad3a/3b and draws attentions to future function analysis of SMAD3 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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137
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Targeting PSG1 to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy: new application for anti-coagulant the dicumarol. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2267-2276. [PMID: 27653744 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic response is critical for the successful treatment and good prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we analysed the gene expression profiles of preoperative samples from oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients with different responses to taxane-anthracycline-based (TA-based) chemotherapy, and identified a group of genes that was predictive. Pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) played a central role within signalling pathways of these genes. Inhibiting PSG1 can effectively reduce chemoresistance via a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related pathway in ER-negative breast cancer cells. Drug screening then identified dicumarol (DCM) to target the PSG1 and inhibit chemoresistance to TA-based chemotherapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Taken together, this study highlights PSG1 as an important mediator of chemoresistance, whose effect could be diminished by DCM.
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138
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Liu P, Wang C, Ma C, Wu Q, Zhang W, Lao G. MicroRNA-23a regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma by targeting SMAD3. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27601936 PMCID: PMC5011925 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the role of total cellular microRNA (miRNA) in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during human endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC). METHODS A miRCURY LNA microRNA array was used to evaluate the miRNA profiles of human EEC tissues and corresponding nontumorous endometriums. An in vitro model of TGF-β induced EMT in HEC-1-A cells was used to investigate the role of miRNAs in the EEC during EMT. The expression of SMAD3, SMAD5, and a panel of EMT markers was detected by Western blot and quantitative PCR. RESULTS The results of miRNA profiling in human EEC tissues and corresponding nontumorous endometriums demonstrated that miR-23a expression was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics, we identified SMAD3 or SMAD5 maybe as a predicted target of miR-23a. The results of luciferase reporter assay showed miR-23a directly targets and down-regulates human SMAD3 protein levels, not SMAD5 protein levels. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-23a in HEC-1-A cells increased E-cadherin expression and decreased the expression of vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin, markers of mesenchymal cellular phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide firm evidence of a role for miR-23a in the direct regulation of EMT through its targeting of SMAD3. Due to its ability to repress the EMT, miR-23a may be a novel target for EER therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Chengbin Ma
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Qiongwei Wu
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Guoying Lao
- Gynecology Department, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, No. 773, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051 China
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139
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Wahsh E, Abu-Elsaad N, El-Karef A, Ibrahim T. The vitamin D receptor agonist, calcipotriol, modulates fibrogenic pathways mitigating liver fibrosis in-vivo: An experimental study. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:362-369. [PMID: 27477355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D was found to be involved in liver fibrosis modulation through binding to its receptor (VDR) halting many fibrotic pathways. Targeting vitamin D-VDR axis using vitamin D analogs may represent an efficient strategy for liver fibrosis treatment . The study aims at testing the potential ability of the VDR agonist, calcipotriol, to stop fibrosis progression and/or regeneration of hepatocytes in an experimental model of liver fibrosis. Mice (CD-1) were injected with thioacetamide (TAA, 100mg/kg, i.p., 3 times/week) for 8 weeks to induce fibrosis and were treated with calcipotriol (20, 60 or 80µg/kg, i.p., daily) concurrently with TAA during the last 4 weeks. Liver function and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured by the end of the study and hepatic sections were examined for inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis percentage. Additionally, liver contents of collagen-1-alpha-1 (COL1a1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and phospho-Smad2 (Ser456/467)/Smad3 (Ser423/425) were measured. Finally, expression of TGF-β1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/9 were scored using immunohistochemistry techniques. Mainly, calcipotriol (80µg/kg) significantly (P<0.001) reduced fibrosis percentage and improved TAA effect on transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, COL1a1 level, malondialdehyde, albumin and reduced glutathione (GSH). It also decreased the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1, TIMP-1, Smad2/3, Smad1/5/9 and phospoSmad2/3 significantly (P<0.01) when compared to TAA group. Calcipotriol attenuates TAA induced liver fibrosis and can stop its progression through limiting stellate cells activity by decreasing TGF-β1 level and modulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. It also can help fibrolysis through decreasing TIMP-1 and restoring the balance between metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wahsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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140
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Bianco K, Gormley M, Farrell J, Zhou Y, Oliverio O, Tilden H, McMaster M, Fisher SJ. Placental transcriptomes in the common aneuploidies reveal critical regions on the trisomic chromosomes and genome-wide effects. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:812-22. [PMID: 27328057 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosomal aberrations are frequently associated with birth defects and pregnancy losses. Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 are the most common, clinically relevant fetal aneusomies. This study used a transcriptomics approach to identify the molecular signatures at the maternal-fetal interface in each aneuploidy. METHODS We profiled placental gene expression (13-22 weeks) in T13 (n = 4), T18 (n = 4) and T21 (n = 8), and in euploid pregnancies (n = 4). RESULTS We found differentially expressed transcripts (≥2-fold) in T21 (n = 160), T18 (n = 80) and T13 (n = 125). The majority were upregulated and most of the misexpressed genes were not located on the relevant trisomic chromosome, suggesting genome-wide dysregulation. A smaller number of the differentially expressed transcripts were encoded on the trisomic chromosome, suggesting gene dosage. In T21, <10% of the genes were transcribed from the Down syndrome critical region (21q21-22), which contributes to the clinical phenotype. In T13, 15% of the upregulated genes were on the affected chromosome (13q11-14), and in T18, the percentage increased to 24% (18q11-22 region). CONCLUSION The trisomic placental (and possibly fetal) phenotypes are driven by the combined effects of genome-wide phenomena and increased gene dosage from the trisomic chromosome. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bianco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Farrell
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Oliverio
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Tilden
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael McMaster
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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141
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Chen CL, Wu DC, Liu MY, Lin MW, Huang HT, Huang YB, Chen LC, Chen YY, Chen JJ, Yang PH, Kao YC, Chen PY. Cholest-4-en-3-one attenuates TGF-β responsiveness by inducing TGF-β receptors degradation in Mv1Lu cells and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:189-199. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1203944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Yun Liu
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Tu Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yaw-Bin Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
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142
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Mutation in LEMD3 (Man1) Associated with Osteopoikilosis and Late-Onset Generalized Morphea: A New Buschke-Ollendorf Syndrome Variant. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2016; 2016:2483041. [PMID: 27382493 PMCID: PMC4921644 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2483041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome (BOS) is an uncommon syndrome characterized by osteopoikilosis and other bone abnormalities, accompanied by skin lesions, most frequently connective tissue nevi. BOS is caused by mutations in the LEMD3 gene, which encodes the inner nuclear membrane protein Man1. We describe a unique case of osteopoikilosis associated with late-onset localized scleroderma and familial LEMD3 mutations. Case Report. A 72-year-old woman presented with adult-onset diffuse morphea and bullous skin lesions. Evaluation revealed multiple hyperostotic lesions (osteopoikilosis) suggestive of BOS. DNA sequencing identified a previously undescribed nonsense mutation (Trp621X) in the LEMD3 gene encoding Man1. Two additional family members were found to have osteopoikilosis and carry the same LEMD3 mutation. Conclusions and Relevance. We report a unique familial LEMD3 mutation in an individual with osteopoikilosis and late-onset morphea. We propose that this constellation represents a novel syndromic variant of BOS.
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143
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Liu S, de Boeck M, van Dam H, ten Dijke P. Regulation of the TGF-β pathway by deubiquitinases in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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144
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Zhao J, Shu B, Chen L, Tang J, Zhang L, Xie J, Liu X, Xu Y, Qi S. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts and prevents hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:604-10. [PMID: 26997546 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a common dermal fibroproliferative disorder characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), an important inflammatory product synthesized via the arachidonic acid cascade, has been shown to act as a fibroblast modulator and to possess antifibroblastic activity. However, the mechanism underlying the antifibrotic effect of PGE2 remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of PGE2 on TGF-β1-treated dermal fibroblasts in terms of collagen production and to determine the regulatory pathways involved, as well as understand the antiscarring function of PGE2 in vivo. We found that PGE2 inhibited TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis by regulating the balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). It did so by upregulating cAMP through the E prostanoid (EP)2 receptor. We determined that inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway by PGE2 is associated with its ability to inhibit collagen synthesis. An in vivo study further confirmed that PGE2 inhibits hypertrophic scar formation by decreasing collagen production. Our results demonstrate that the novel anti-scarring function of PGE2 is achieved by balancing MMPs/TIMP expression and decreasing collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Xu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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145
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Transcriptional repression of SIRT1 by protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4 (PIAS4) in hepatic stellate cells contributes to liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28432. [PMID: 27323886 PMCID: PMC4914937 DOI: 10.1038/srep28432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis represents a key pathological process in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the liver, fibrogenesis is primarily mediated by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) transitioning from a quiescent state in response to a host of stimuli. The molecular mechanism underlying HSC activation is not completely understood. Here we report that there was a simultaneous up-regulation of PIAS4 expression and down-regulation of SIRT1 expression accompanying increased hepatic fibrogenesis in an MCD-diet induced mouse model of NASH. In cultured primary mouse HSCs, stimulation with high glucose activated PIAS4 while at the same time repressed SIRT1. Over-expression of PIAS4 directly repressed SIRT1 promoter activity. In contrast, depletion of PIAS4 restored SIRT1 expression in HSCs treated with high glucose. Estrogen, a known NASH-protective hormone, antagonized HSC activation by targeting PIAS4. Lentivirus-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting PIAS4 in mice ameliorated MCD diet induced liver fibrosis by normalizing SIRT1 expression in vivo. PIAS4 promoted HSC activation in a SIRT1-dependent manner in vitro. Mechanistically, PIAS4 mediated SIRT1 repression led to SMAD3 hyperacetylation and enhanced SMAD3 binding to fibrogenic gene promoters. Taken together, our data suggest SIRT1 trans-repression by PIAS4 plays an important role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
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146
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Lin H, Chin Y, Yang YSH, Lai H, Whang‐Peng J, Liu LF, Tang H, Davis PJ. Thyroid Hormone, Cancer, and Apoptosis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1221-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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147
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Zhou Q, Bajo MA, Del Peso G, Yu X, Selgas R. Preventing peritoneal membrane fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2016; 90:515-24. [PMID: 27282936 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis causes morphologic and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane. Although mesothelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells is a key process leading to peritoneal fibrosis, and bioincompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions (glucose, glucose degradation products, and advanced glycation end products or a combination) are responsible for altering mesothelial cell function and proliferation, mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. Peritoneal fibrosis has 2 cooperative parts, the fibrosis process itself and the inflammation. The link between these 2 processes is frequently bidirectional, with each one inducing the other. This review outlines our current understanding about the definition and pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis, recent studies on key fibrogenic molecular machinery in peritoneal fibrosis, such as the role of transforming growth factor-β/Smads, transforming growth factor-β β/Smad independent pathways, and noncoding RNAs. The diagnosis of peritoneal fibrosis, including effluent biomarkers and the histopathology of a peritoneal biopsy, which is the gold standard for demonstrating peritoneal fibrosis, is introduced in detail. Several interventions for peritoneal fibrosis based on biomarkers, cytology, histology, functional studies, and antagonists are presented in this review. Recent experimental trials in animal models, including pharmacology and gene therapy, which could offer novel insights into the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in the near future, are also discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - M-Auxiliadora Bajo
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, REDinREN, Fibroteam, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, REDinREN, Fibroteam, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, REDinREN, Fibroteam, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
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148
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Oberbauer E, Steffenhagen C, Feichtinger G, Hildner F, Hacobian A, Danzer M, Gabriel C, Redl H, Wolbank S. A Luciferase-Based Quick Potency Assay to Predict Chondrogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:487-95. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Oberbauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Steffenhagen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Feichtinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Hildner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Danzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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149
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Experimental evidences for hsa-miR-497-5p as a negative regulator of SMAD3 gene expression. Gene 2016; 586:216-21. [PMID: 27063509 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The SMAD family comprises of transcription factors that function as signal transducers of transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily members. MiRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that may play a major role in post transcriptional regulation of SMAD genes. Here, we intended to investigate if hsa-miR-497-5p is capable of regulating SMAD3 gene expression. Hsa-miR-497-5p was bioinformatically predicted as a candidate regulator of SMAD3 gene expression and then, hsa-miR-497-5p expression status was analyzed in different cell lines using RT-qPCR. Overexpression of hsa-miR-497-5p in HEK293t cells resulted in downregulation of SMAD3 which was detected by RT-qPCR and western analysis. Further, dual luciferase assay results supported direct interaction of hsa-miR-497-5p with 3'-UTR sequences of SMAD3 transcript. Overexpression of hsa-miR-497-5p in HEK293t cells resulted in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, detected by flow cytometry. Overall, accumulative results indicated that hsa-miR-497-5p by targeting SMAD3 is potentially one of the regulators of the TGFβ signaling pathway.
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150
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Betulinic acid enhances TGF-β signaling by altering TGF-β receptors partitioning between lipid-raft/caveolae and non-caveolae membrane microdomains in mink lung epithelial cells. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:30. [PMID: 26922801 PMCID: PMC4769553 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TGF-β is a key modulator in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, and is also involved in the process of cancer development and progression. Previous studies have indicated that TGF-β responsiveness is determined by TGF-β receptor partitioning between lipid raft/caveolae-mediated and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Lipid raft/caveolae-mediated endocytosis facilitates TGF-β degradation and thus suppressing TGF-β responsiveness. By contrast, clathrin-mediated endocytosis results in Smad2/3-dependent endosomal signaling, thereby promoting TGF-β responsiveness. Because betulinic acid shares a similar chemical structure with cholesterol and has been reported to insert into the plasma membrane, we speculate that betulinic acid changes the fluidity of the plasma membrane and modulates the signaling pathway associated with membrane microdomains. We propose that betulinic acid modulates TGF-β responsiveness by changing the partitioning of TGF-β receptor between lipid-raft/caveolae and non-caveolae microdomain on plasma membrane. Methods We employed sucrose-density gradient ultracentrifugation and confocal microscopy to determine membrane localization of TGF-β receptors and used a luciferase assay to examine the effects of betulinic acid in TGF-β-stimulated promoter activation. In addition, we perform western blotting to test TGF-β-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and fibronectin production. Results and conclusions Betulinic acid induces translocation of TGF-β receptors from lipid raft/caveolae to non-caveolae microdomains without changing total level of TGF-β receptors. The betulinic acid-induced TGF-β receptors translocation is rapid and correlate with the TGF-β-induced PAI-1 reporter gene activation and growth inhibition in Mv1Lu cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0229-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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