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Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Maia JP, Egea-Serrano A, Lopes I. Validity of fish, birds and mammals as surrogates for amphibians and reptiles in pesticide toxicity assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:819-833. [PMID: 29492806 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians and reptiles are the two most endangered groups of vertebrates. Environmental pollution by pesticides is recognised as one of the major factors threatening populations of these groups. However, the effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles have been studied for few substances, which is partly related to the fact that these animals are not included in the mandatory toxicity testing conducted as part of environmental risk assessments of pesticides. Whether risks of pesticides to amphibians and reptiles are addressed by surrogate taxa used in risk assessment is currently under debate. In order to develop a scientifically sound and robust risk assessment scheme, information needs to be gathered to examine whether fish, birds and mammals are valid surrogates for amphibians and reptiles. We updated a systematic review of scientific literature that was recently published compiling toxicity data on amphibians and reptiles. The outcome of this review was analysed with the purposes to (1) compare endpoints from amphibians and reptiles with the available information from fish, birds and mammals, and (2) develop species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for those substances tested in at least six amphibian species (no substances were found tested in at least six reptile species) to identify a candidate amphibian model species to be used as surrogate in risk assessment. A positive correlation was found between toxicity recorded on fish and amphibians, the former revealing, in general, to be more sensitive than the latter to waterborne pollutants. In the terrestrial environment, although birds and mammals were more sensitive than amphibians and reptiles to at least 60% of tested substances, just a few weak significant correlations were observed. As a general rule, homoeothermic vertebrates are not good surrogates for reptiles and terrestrial amphibians in pesticide risk assessment. However, some chemical-dependent trends were detected, with pyrethroids and organochlorine insecticides being more toxic to amphibians or reptiles than to birds or mammals. These trends could ultimately help in decisions about protection provided by surrogate taxa for specific groups of substances, and also to determine when risk assessment of pesticides needs to pay special consideration to amphibians and reptiles. The outcome of this review reflects that there is still much information needed to reduce uncertainties and extract relevant conclusions on the overall protection of amphibians and reptiles by surrogate vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Joao P Maia
- Departamento de Biologia-CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrés Egea-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia-CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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102
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Effects of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Amphibians: A Review of Experimental Studies. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors are contributing to the loss of biodiversity. These include complex effects of multiple abiotic and biotic stressors that may drive population losses. These losses are especially illustrated by amphibians, whose populations are declining worldwide. The causes of amphibian population declines are multifaceted and context-dependent. One major factor affecting amphibian populations is emerging infectious disease. Several pathogens and their associated diseases are especially significant contributors to amphibian population declines. These include the fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans, and ranaviruses. In this review, we assess the effects of these three pathogens on amphibian hosts as found through experimental studies. Such studies offer valuable insights to the causal factors underpinning broad patterns reported through observational studies. We summarize key findings from experimental studies in the laboratory, in mesocosms, and from the field. We also summarize experiments that explore the interactive effects of these pathogens with other contributors of amphibian population declines. Though well-designed experimental studies are critical for understanding the impacts of disease, inconsistencies in experimental methodologies limit our ability to form comparisons and conclusions. Studies of the three pathogens we focus on show that host susceptibility varies with such factors as species, host age, life history stage, population and biotic (e.g., presence of competitors, predators) and abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature, presence of contaminants), as well as the strain and dose of the pathogen, to which hosts are exposed. Our findings suggest the importance of implementing standard protocols and reporting for experimental studies of amphibian disease.
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103
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Svartz G, Acquaroni M, Pérez Coll C. Differential sensitivity of developmental stages of the South American toad to a fungicide based on fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23857-23863. [PMID: 29881959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural fungicide application in Argentina has increased twice since 2008, with Maxim® XL (2.5% fludioxonil +1% metalaxyl-M) as one of the most used fungicide formulation. The toxicity of this pesticide on Rhinella arenarum was assessed by means of continuous (from embryo and larval development) and 24-h pulse exposure standardized bioassays. Lethality was concentration- and exposure time-dependent. Maxim® XL caused a progressive lethal effect along the bioassays with higher toxicity on embryos than larvae, obtaining 50% lethal concentrations at 96, 336, and 504 h of 10.85, 2.89, and 1.71 mg/L for embryos, and 43.94, 11.79, and 5.76 mg/L for larvae respectively. Lethal 504-h no observed effect concentration values for embryos and larvae were 1 and 2.5 mg/L respectively. A stage-dependent toxicity of Maxim® XL was also demonstrated within the embryo development, with early stages more sensitive than the later ones, and blastula as the most sensitive developmental stage. The risk quotients obtained for chronic risk assessment determined a potential threat for the survival and continuity of R. arenarum populations under these conditions. The results indicate that the levels of the fungicide reaching amphibian habitats could be risky for the early development of this amphibian species. This study also emphasizes the necessity to evaluate the chronic effects of fungicides in pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental and Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Acquaroni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental and Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental and Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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104
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect body condition at metamorphosis in larvae of Xenopus laevis. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1416-1425. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Kathrin H. Dausmann
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Laura I. Becker
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Janica Reese
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Nikita M. Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Ulmenliet 20 21033 Hamburg Germany
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science; University of Hamburg; Olbersweg 24 22767 Hamburg Germany
| | - Julian Glos
- Institut for Zoology; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany
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105
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Swanson JE, Muths E, Pierce CL, Dinsmore SJ, Vandever MW, Hladik ML, Smalling KL. Exploring the amphibian exposome in an agricultural landscape using telemetry and passive sampling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10045. [PMID: 29968741 PMCID: PMC6030078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first field study of its kind to combine radio telemetry, passive samplers, and pesticide accumulation in tissues to characterize the amphibian exposome as it relates to pesticides. Understanding how habitat drives exposure in individuals (i.e., their exposome), and how that relates to individual health is critical to managing species in an agricultural landscape where pesticide exposure is likely. We followed 72 northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in two agricultural wetlands for insight into where and when individuals are at high risk of pesticide exposure. Novel passive sampling devices (PSDs) were deployed at sites where telemetered frogs were located, then moved to subsequent locations as frogs were radio-tracked. Pesticide concentration in PSDs varied by habitat and was greatest in agricultural fields where frogs were rarely found. Pesticide concentrations in frogs were greatest in spring when frogs were occupying wetlands compared to late summer when frogs occupied terrestrial habitats. Our results indicate that habitat and time of year influence exposure and accumulation of pesticides in amphibians. Our study illustrates the feasibility of quantifying the amphibian exposome to interpret the role of habitat use in pesticide accumulation in frogs to better manage amphibians in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Swanson
- Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Erin Muths
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Clay L Pierce
- US Geological Survey, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Stephen J Dinsmore
- Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mark W Vandever
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- US Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
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106
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Baugh AT, Bastien B, Still MB, Stowell N. Validation of water-borne steroid hormones in a tropical frog (Physalaemus pustulosus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 261:67-80. [PMID: 29397994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive methods for estimating hormone concentrations in wild vertebrates offer the opportunity to repeatedly measure behavior and hormone concentrations within individuals while minimizing experimenter interference during sample collection. We examined three steroid hormones (corticosterone, CORT; 17-β estradiol, E2; progesterone, PROG) in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) using non-invasive water-borne methods. Using solid-phase extraction of water samples and liquid extraction of plasma and homogenate samples, coupled with enzyme immunoassays, we complimented the conventional validation approaches (parallelism, recovery determination) with dose-response assays that incorporated pharmacological challenges with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). We also compared steroid concentrations in water to those observed in plasma and whole body homogenates. Lastly, we identified the constituent steroids in each sample type with a panel targeting 30 steroid species using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We found that a 60-min water-bath captures physiologically relevant changes in concentrations of CORT, E2 and PROG. Peak levels of water-borne CORT were found at approximately 2 h after ACTH injection. Water-borne CORT and E2 concentrations were positively correlated with their plasma and homogenate equivalents, while water-borne PROG was uncorrelated with homogenate PROG concentrations but negatively correlated with homogenate E2 concentrations. Together, our findings indicate that sampling water-borne hormones presents a non-invasive and biologically informative approach that will be useful for behavioral endocrinologists and conservation physiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baugh
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.
| | - Brandon Bastien
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - Meghan B Still
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0930, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicole Stowell
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
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107
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Van Meter RJ, Glinski DA, Purucker ST, Henderson WM. Influence of exposure to pesticide mixtures on the metabolomic profile in post-metamorphic green frogs (Lithobates clamitans). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1348-1359. [PMID: 29929247 PMCID: PMC6020053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use in agricultural areas requires the application of numerous chemicals to control target organisms, leaving non-target organisms at risk. The present study evaluates the hepatic metabolomic profile of one group of non-target organisms, amphibians, after exposure to a single pesticide and pesticide mixtures. Five common-use pesticide active ingredients were used in this study, three herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor and 2,4-d), one insecticide (malathion) and one fungicide (propiconazole). Juvenile green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) were reared for 60-90days post-metamorphosis then exposed to a single pesticide or a combination of pesticides at the labeled application rate on soil. Amphibian livers were excised for metabolomic analysis and pesticides were quantified for whole body homogenates. Based on the current study, metabolomic profiling of livers support both individual and interactive effects where pesticide exposures altered biochemical processes, potentially indicating a different response between active ingredients in pesticide mixtures, among these non-target species. Amphibian metabolomic response is likely dependent on the pesticides present in each mixture and their ability to perturb biochemical networks, thereby confounding efforts with risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Van Meter
- Washington College, 300 Washington Avenue, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA.
| | | | - S Thomas Purucker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, USA
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108
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Regnault C, Usal M, Veyrenc S, Couturier K, Batandier C, Bulteau AL, Lejon D, Sapin A, Combourieu B, Chetiveaux M, Le May C, Lafond T, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4416-E4425. [PMID: 29686083 PMCID: PMC5948982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721267115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies suggesting that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (EDs), both their role in the decline of populations and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study showed that frogs exposed throughout their life cycle to ED concentrations low enough to be considered safe for drinking water, developed a prediabetes phenotype and, more commonly, a metabolic syndrome. Female Xenopus tropicalis exposed from tadpole stage to benzo(a)pyrene or triclosan at concentrations of 50 ng⋅L-1 displayed glucose intolerance syndrome, liver steatosis, liver mitochondrial dysfunction, liver transcriptomic signature, and pancreatic insulin hypersecretion, all typical of a prediabetes state. This metabolic syndrome led to progeny whose metamorphosis was delayed and occurred while the individuals were both smaller and lighter, all factors that have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and likelihood of reproduction. We found that F1 animals did indeed have reduced reproductive success, demonstrating a lower fitness in ED-exposed Xenopus Moreover, after 1 year of depuration, Xenopus that had been exposed to benzo(a)pyrene still displayed hepatic disorders and a marked insulin secretory defect resulting in glucose intolerance. Our results demonstrate that amphibians are highly sensitive to EDs at concentrations well below the thresholds reported to induce stress in other vertebrates. This study introduces EDs as a possible key contributing factor to amphibian population decline through metabolism disruption. Overall, our results show that EDs cause metabolic disorders, which is in agreement with epidemiological studies suggesting that environmental EDs might be one of the principal causes of metabolic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Lejon
- Rovaltain Research Company, F-26300 Alixan, France
| | | | | | - Maud Chetiveaux
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Lafond
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Xénopes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Service 3387, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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109
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McCoy KA, Peralta AL. Pesticides Could Alter Amphibian Skin Microbiomes and the Effects of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:748. [PMID: 29731742 PMCID: PMC5919957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krista A McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ariane L Peralta
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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110
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Golovko O, Randak T, Pestana JLT, Soares AMVM. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of cyproconazole on freshwater organisms: a case study with Chironomus riparius and Dugesia tigrina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12169-12176. [PMID: 29455353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide cyproconazole (CPZ) inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential sterol component in fungal cell membrane and can also affect non-target organisms by its inhibitory effects on P450 monooxygenases. The predicted environmental concentration of CPZ is up to 49.05 μg/L and 145.89 μg/kg in surface waters and sediments, respectively, and information about CPZ toxicity towards non-target aquatic organisms is still limited. This study aimed to address the lack of ecotoxicological data for CPZ, and thus, an evaluation of the lethal and sub-lethal effects of CPZ was performed using two freshwater invertebrates (the midge Chironomus riparius and the planarian Dugesia tigrina). The estimated CPZ 48 h LC50 (95% CI) was 17.46 mg/L for C. riparius and 47.38 mg/L for D. tigrina. The emergence time (EmT50) of C. riparius was delayed by CPZ exposure from 0.76 mg/L. On the other hand, planarians showed higher tolerance to CPZ exposure. Sub-lethal effects of CPZ on planarians included reductions in locomotion (1.8 mg/L), delayed photoreceptors regeneration (from 0.45 mg/L), and feeding inhibition (5.6 mg/L). Our results confirm the moderate toxicity of CPZ towards aquatic invertebrates but sub-lethal effects observed also suggest potential chronic effects of CPZ with consequences for population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - campus Campos Belos, Campos Belos, Goiás, 73840-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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111
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Gallant AL, Sadinski W, Brown JF, Senay GB, Roth MF. Challenges in Complementing Data from Ground-Based Sensors with Satellite-Derived Products to Measure Ecological Changes in Relation to Climate-Lessons from Temperate Wetland-Upland Landscapes. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030880. [PMID: 29547531 PMCID: PMC5876606 DOI: 10.3390/s18030880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessing climate-related ecological changes across spatiotemporal scales meaningful to resource managers is challenging because no one method reliably produces essential data at both fine and broad scales. We recently confronted such challenges while integrating data from ground- and satellite-based sensors for an assessment of four wetland-rich study areas in the U.S. Midwest. We examined relations between temperature and precipitation and a set of variables measured on the ground at individual wetlands and another set measured via satellite sensors within surrounding 4 km2 landscape blocks. At the block scale, we used evapotranspiration and vegetation greenness as remotely sensed proxies for water availability and to estimate seasonal photosynthetic activity. We used sensors on the ground to coincidentally measure surface-water availability and amphibian calling activity at individual wetlands within blocks. Responses of landscape blocks generally paralleled changes in conditions measured on the ground, but the latter were more dynamic, and changes in ecological conditions on the ground that were critical for biota were not always apparent in measurements of related parameters in blocks. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of decisions and assumptions we made in applying the remotely sensed data for the assessment and the value of integrating observations across scales, sensors, and disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa L Gallant
- Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, US Geological Survey, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA.
| | - Walt Sadinski
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA.
| | - Jesslyn F Brown
- Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, US Geological Survey, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA.
| | - Gabriel B Senay
- Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, US Geological Survey, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA.
| | - Mark F Roth
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA.
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112
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Kwon H, Chan KM, Kool ET. DNA as an environmental sensor: detection and identification of pesticide contaminants in water with fluorescent nucleobases. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:1801-1809. [PMID: 28150837 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants pose a substantial health risk in many areas of the world. One of these risks is contamination of water with toxic organic species, such as herbicides and insecticides. Here we describe the discovery and properties of a set of fluorescent chemosensors that respond to micromolar concentrations of a broad range of common organic pesticides. The chemosensors are short DNA-like oligomers with fluorophores replacing DNA bases that are assembled via a DNA synthesizer. We screened a library of 1296 tetrameric compounds on polystyrene microbeads, and identified a set of chemosensor sequences that respond strongly to a set of structurally varied pesticide analytes. We show that ten chemosensors on beads can be used to detect and identify 14 different common pesticides at 100 μM, using the pattern of fluorescence intensity and wavelength changes. Limits of detection for two analytes were as low as 2 μM. The chemosensors are shown to function successfully in a practical setting, correctly identifying unknown pesticide contaminants in water from Felt Lake, California. The results establish a simple, low cost strategy for sensing environmental spills of toxic organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Ke Min Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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113
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Halstead NT, Hoover CM, Arakala A, Civitello DJ, De Leo GA, Gambhir M, Johnson SA, Jouanard N, Loerns KA, McMahon TA, Ndione RA, Nguyen K, Raffel TR, Remais JV, Riveau G, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR. Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:837. [PMID: 29483531 PMCID: PMC5826950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease that ranks among the most important water-based diseases of humans in developing countries. Increased prevalence and spread of human schistosomiasis to non-endemic areas has been consistently linked with water resource management related to agricultural expansion. However, the role of agrochemical pollution in human schistosome transmission remains unexplored, despite strong evidence of agrochemicals increasing snail-borne diseases of wildlife and a projected 2- to 5-fold increase in global agrochemical use by 2050. Using a field mesocosm experiment, we show that environmentally relevant concentrations of fertilizer, a herbicide, and an insecticide, individually and as mixtures, increase densities of schistosome-infected snails by increasing the algae snails eat and decreasing densities of snail predators. Epidemiological models indicate that these agrochemical effects can increase transmission of schistosomes. Identifying agricultural practices or agrochemicals that minimize disease risk will be critical to meeting growing food demands while improving human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal T Halstead
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Wildlands Conservation, Inc., 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 250, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA.
| | - Christopher M Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arathi Arakala
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800,, Australia
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Manoj Gambhir
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800,, Australia
- IBM Research Australia, Global Services Australia Pvt. Ltd., 60 City Road, Southbank, 3006, Australia
| | - Steve A Johnson
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Kristin A Loerns
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Taegan A McMahon
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Raphael A Ndione
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Karena Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Thomas R Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- CIIL - Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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114
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Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Aldrich A, Berg C, Ortiz-Santaliestra M, Weir S, Streissl F, Smith RH. Scientific Opinion on the state of the science on pesticide risk assessment for amphibians and reptiles. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05125. [PMID: 32625798 PMCID: PMC7009658 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science to support the potential development of a risk assessment scheme of plant protection products for amphibians and reptiles. The coverage of the risk to amphibians and reptiles by current risk assessments for other vertebrate groups was investigated. Available test methods and exposure models were reviewed with regard to their applicability to amphibians and reptiles. Proposals were made for specific protection goals aiming to protect important ecosystem services and taking into consideration the regulatory framework and existing protection goals for other vertebrates. Uncertainties, knowledge gaps and research needs were highlighted.
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115
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Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Aldrich A, Berg C, Ortiz-Santaliestra M, Weir S, Streissl F, Smith RH. Scientific Opinion on the state of the science on pesticide risk assessment for amphibians and reptiles. EFSA J 2018. [PMID: 32625798 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5125issn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science to support the potential development of a risk assessment scheme of plant protection products for amphibians and reptiles. The coverage of the risk to amphibians and reptiles by current risk assessments for other vertebrate groups was investigated. Available test methods and exposure models were reviewed with regard to their applicability to amphibians and reptiles. Proposals were made for specific protection goals aiming to protect important ecosystem services and taking into consideration the regulatory framework and existing protection goals for other vertebrates. Uncertainties, knowledge gaps and research needs were highlighted.
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116
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Leary CJ, Ralicki HF, Laurencio D, Crocker-Buta S, Malone JH. Assessing the links among environmental contaminants, endocrinology, and parasites to understand amphibian declines in montane regions of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191183. [PMID: 29324824 PMCID: PMC5764372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians inhabiting montane riparian zones in the Neotropics are particularly vulnerable to decline, but the reasons are poorly understood. Because environmental contaminants, endocrine disruption, and pathogens often figure prominently in amphibian declines it is imperative that we understand how these factors are potentially interrelated to affect montane populations. One possibility is that increased precipitation associated with global warming promotes the deposition of contaminants in montane regions. Increased exposure to contaminants, in turn, potentially elicits chronic elevations in circulating stress hormones that could contribute to montane population declines by compromising resistance to pathogens and/or production of sex steroids regulating reproduction. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining contaminant levels, stress and sex steroid levels, and nematode abundances in male drab treefrogs, Smilisca sordida, from lowland and montane populations in Costa Rica. We found no evidence that montane populations were more likely to possess contaminants (i.e., organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides or benzidine and chlorophenoxy herbicides) than lowland populations. We also found no evidence of elevational differences in circulating levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, estradiol or progesterone. However, montane populations possessed lower androgen levels, hosted more nematode species, and had higher nematode abundances than lowland populations. Although these results suggested that nematodes contributed to lower androgens in montane populations, we were unable to detect a significant inverse relationship between nematode abundance and androgen level. Our results suggest that montane populations of this species are not at greater risk of exposure to contaminants or chronic stress, but implicate nematodes and compromised sex steroid levels as potential threats to montane populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Leary
- University of Mississippi, Department of Biology, University, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Hannah F. Ralicki
- University of Connecticut, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Laurencio
- Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Crocker-Buta
- University of Mississippi, Department of Biology, University, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John H. Malone
- University of Connecticut, Institute of Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
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117
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Demirci Ö, Güven K, Asma D, Öğüt S, Uğurlu P. Effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb in combination with atrazine on multi-biomarkers in Gammarus kischineffensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:749-758. [PMID: 28942278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies addressing the toxicity of pesticides towards non-target organisms focus on the median lethal concentration and biochemical response of individual pesticides. However, when determining environmental risks, it is important to test the combined effects of pesticides, such as insecticides and herbicides, which are frequently used together in agricultural areas. Here we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of the combined use of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticides, endosulfan, indoxacarb, and thiamethoxam on Gammarus kischineffensis. To do this, we tested the activities of oxidative stress, detoxification, and neurotoxicity biomarkers. Compared to atrazine alone, we detected higher glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (oxidative stress biomarkers) when atrazine was combined with either endosulfan or indoxacarb. However, higher IBR values were determined in organisms where pesticide mixtures were used according to individual use. Based on these results, mixtures of atrazine and other pesticides may cause synergistic effects and may be evidence of increased toxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Demirci
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Dicle University, 21280, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Güven
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Dicle University, 21280, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Asma
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Inonu University, 21280, Turkey.
| | - Serdal Öğüt
- School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Uğurlu
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, 21280, Turkey.
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118
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Buchholz DR. Xenopus metamorphosis as a model to study thyroid hormone receptor function during vertebrate developmental transitions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:64-70. [PMID: 28363743 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A hormone-dependent developmental transition from aquatic to terrestrial existence occurs in all tetrapod vertebrates, such as birth, hatching, and metamorphosis. Thyroid hormones (TH) and their receptors (TRs) are key players in the tissue transformations comprising vertebrate developmental transitions. The African clawed frog, Xenopus, is a premier model for the role of TRs in developmental transitions because of the numerous and dramatic TH-dependent tissue transformations during metamorphosis and because of the endocrine, molecular, and genomic resources available. TRs are nuclear receptors that repress TH-response genes when plasma TH is minimal and that activate those same genes to induce tissue-specific gene regulation cascades when TH plasma levels increase. Tissue-specific TR expression levels help determine tissue sensitivity and responsivity to TH thereby regulating the initiation and rate of developmental change in TH-sensitive tissues which govern the tissue developmental asynchrony observed during metamorphosis. This review highlighting Xenopus presents the key experimental findings underpinning the roles TRs play in control of vertebrate developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 312 Clifton Ct., Cincinnati, OH, 45221 USA.
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119
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Jing X, Yao G, Liu D, Liu C, Wang F, Wang P, Zhou Z. Exposure of frogs and tadpoles to chiral herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:832-838. [PMID: 28826131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have long been considered to a risk factor of amphibian population declines. The bioaccumulation and elimination of fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE) in frogs and tadpoles were studied and the main metabolites fenoxaprop (FA) and 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzoxazol-2-one (CDHB) were monitored. The acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the enantiomers to tadpoles was also studied. After both oral administration and aqueous solution exposure, FE was not found in frogs, while FA was formed and accumulated in liver, kidney, brain, eggs, skin, thigh muscle and blood with preferential accumulation of R-FA. The presence of FA in frog eggs suggested maternal transfer in females and potential impacts to offsprings. The elimination of FA in frog tissues was also enantioselective with a preferential metabolism of R-FA (kidney) or S-FA (liver, eggs, skin, muscle and whole blood). FE and FA were hardly detectable in tadpoles after aqueous solution exposure, while CDHB was accumulated and eliminated as first-order kinetics with half-life of 37.1 h. Mortality of tadpoles and micronucleus rate in peripheral blood erythrocytes of tadpoles were used to evaluate the enantioselective acute toxicity and genotoxicity. Only CDHB induced significant acute toxicity to tadpole with 96-h LC50 value of 30.4 μg/mL, and rac-FA, S-FA and CDHB showed genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Guojun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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120
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Falfushynska HI, Gnatyshyna LL, Horyn O, Stoliar OB. Vulnerability of marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus to the typical wastewater effluents ibuprofen, triclosan and estrone, detected by multi-biomarker approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:26-38. [PMID: 28757214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are the environmental pollutants of growing concern. The aim of this study was to indicate the effects of typical PPCPs on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. We treated male frogs with waterborne ibuprofen (IBU, 250ng·L-1), triclosan (TCS, 500ng·L-1), or estrone (E1, 100ng·L-1) for 14days. Common vulnerability of the frogs was detected from dramatic decrease of Zn, total and metalated metallothionein (MT) concentrations, Zn/Cu ratio, the elevation of activity of glutathione-S-transferase, cathepsin D and DNA instability in the liver, the depletion of cholinesterase in the brain and cortisol in the blood plasma in all exposures. Nevertheless, lipofuscin concentration in the liver was always decreased. The groups were best distinguished by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity determined by ELISA. The exposure to IBU caused lesser damage, but elevated the levels of oxyradicals and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and lysosomal membrane instability. Exposures to TCS and E1 provoked the endocrine disturbance (increased levels of vitellogenin and thyrotropin in blood plasma), decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased level of pyruvate in the liver. TCS caused the increase of GSSG by 7.3 times and lactate levels. Only E1 lead to decrease of deiodinase activity in the liver, activation of CYP450 and caspase-3 and efflux of cathepsin D from lysosomes. Spectrophotometric and ELISA assays of MTs and CYP450 gave distinct results in E1-group. Broad disruption of the hormonal pathways caused by E1 could be of concern for the health status of frogs in their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina I Falfushynska
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine
| | - Lesya L Gnatyshyna
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maidan Voli, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maidan Voli, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine
| | - Oksana B Stoliar
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine.
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121
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Sievers M, Hale R, Parris KM, Swearer SE. Impacts of human‐induced environmental change in wetlands on aquatic animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:529-554. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Robin Hale
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Kirsten M. Parris
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stephen E. Swearer
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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122
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Triana Velásquez TM, Henao Muñoz LM, Bernal Bautista MH. TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL INSECTICIDA CIPERMETRINA (CYPERMON® 20 EC) EN CUATRO ESPECIES DE ANUROS COLOMBIANOS. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v22n3.62631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El insecticida cipermetrina (CY) es usado en la agricultura para el control de plagas; sin embargo, por su acción neurotóxica puede afectar organismos no blanco como los anuros. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la toxicidad (concentración letal media: CL50, y algunos efectos subletales: retrasos en el desarrollo, capacidad de natación y longitud total de las larvas) del insecticida CY (Cypermon® 20EC) expuesto durante 96 horas en embriones y renacuajos de cuatro especies de anuros bajo pruebas de laboratorio y microcosmos. Los embriones de Rhinella humboldti fueron los más sensibles en condiciones de laboratorio (CL50= 6,27 mg/L) y Boana xerophylla en microcosmos (CL50= 88,32 mg/ha), mientras que los de Engystomops pustulosus fueron los más resistentes (laboratorio: CL50= 11,80 mg/L; microcosmos: CL50= 112,37 mg/ha). Rhinella marina mostró una sensibilidad intermedia. En los renacuajos no fue posible calcular los valores CL50 debido a la alta mortalidad registrada en las concentraciones experimentales en laboratorio y microcosmos, las cuales fueron 40 y 122 veces menores al valor de aplicación del insecticida (500 mg/L y 1,52 mg/ha, respectivamente). Por otra parte, se encontró una reducción significante en la longitud total y la capacidad de natación de las larvas obtenidas de los embriones expuestos a la CY, pero no en el tiempo de desarrollo. En conclusión, la exposición a la cipermetrina provocó una letalidad alta en los renacuajos y efectos subletales en estadíos tempranos del desarrollo, por lo que a las concentraciones recomendadas de aplicación, este insecticida es tóxico para las especies de estudio.
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123
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Yahnke AE, Grue CE, Hayes MP, Pearman-Gillman S. Effects of the herbicide triclopyr on metamorphic northern red-legged frogs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2316-2326. [PMID: 28186362 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic herbicides are used to manage invasive emergent plants in and around wetlands. Metamorphic frogs that emerge during the aquatic weed management season may be at risk of herbicide exposure. Metamorphic northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) were exposed to a triclopyr tank mix labeled for control of broadleaf emergent aquatic weeds such as invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). The tank mix consisted of Renovate® 3 (triclopyr triethylamine salt 44.4%), the modified vegetable oil surfactant Competitor®, and the marker dye Hi-Light® . Metamorphs were exposed to the tank mix and a clean-water control for 96 h, and then reared in clean water for 60 d. Exposure to the tank mix resulted in no treatment-related mortalities, no effects on behavior immediately post exposure, and no effects on body or liver condition indices. Exposure to the tank mix resulted in lethargy during exposure and a 1-d delay in completion of metamorphosis. Deformities present in the rearing population confounded results for some endpoints. Observed effects were minimal, especially compared with the potential for ecological impacts from unmanaged invasive plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2316-2326. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Yahnke
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christian E Grue
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marc P Hayes
- Habitat Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Schuyler Pearman-Gillman
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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124
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Bernabò I, Guardia A, Macirella R, Tripepi S, Brunelli E. Chronic exposures to fungicide pyrimethanil: multi-organ effects on Italian tree frog (Hyla intermedia). Sci Rep 2017; 7:6869. [PMID: 28761072 PMCID: PMC5537256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian habitats are easily contaminated by several pollutants, and in agricultural landscapes the likely exposure scenario is represented by pesticides. Many of these substances are known or suspected to act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of pyrimethanil, a common-used but also overlooked fungicide, on liver, kidney and gonadal differentiation of Hyla intermedia. Through a multi-organ evaluation, we demonstrated that a long term exposure to two environmentally relevant concentrations of pyrimethanil (5 and 50 µg/L) elicits a range of toxic responses. First we showed that pyrimethanil induces underdevelopment of ovaries and interferes with normal sexual differentiation, thus revealing the endocrine disruption potential of this fungicide. Moreover we revealed that all considered organs are seriously affected by this fungicide and both necrosis and apoptosis contribute to the histological response. This is the first report on the effects of pyrimethanil on gonads, liver and kidney histology of a non-model species and it demonstrates that the hazardous properties of this fungicide can result from several pathological processes affecting different key compartments of amphibian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bernabò
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonello Guardia
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sandro Tripepi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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125
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Li B, Ma Y, Zhang YH. Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in the frog, Rana chensinensis, when exposed to low doses of trichlorfon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:476-482. [PMID: 28541126 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1303321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide that is widely used in aquaculture and agriculture against parasitic infestations and has caused aquatic toxicity to non-target organisms. To evaluate the effects of low doses of trichlorfon on the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in amphibians, Chinese brown frogs (Rana chensinensis) were exposed to trichlorfon at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L for 2 and 4 weeks. Then, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic tissue were examined to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The histopathological alternations to the liver were observed through light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that SOD and CAT activities were increased in the livers of frogs exposed to various concentrations of trichlorfon. The GST activity showed no significant changes at any concentration after 2 weeks of exposure, whereas there was an initial increase after exposure to 0.1 mg/L of trichlorfon at 4 weeks. The content of MDA revealed a significant decrease after exposure. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed that trichlorfon induced hyalinization, vacuolation, nucleus necrosis, and cellular swelling in hepatocytes. These results suggest that low doses of trichlorfon could induce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and hepatic lesions in frogs, which shows that even lower, non-lethal doses of trichlorfon are potentially toxic to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- a College of Life Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
- b Research Center of Metabolic Products, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu Ma
- a College of Life Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
- b Research Center of Metabolic Products, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu H Zhang
- a College of Life Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
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126
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de Perre C, Murphy TM, Lydy MJ. Mixture toxicity of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin: Species-specific responses. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1947-1954. [PMID: 28019697 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the potential impact of insecticide mixtures to nontarget organisms is largely unknown, and additional study is needed. The present study investigated the mixture toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide phostebupirim and the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin using 4 nontarget species including Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Danio rerio (zebrafish). For each species, the toxicity of equipotent mixtures was compared with the expected toxicity estimated using the independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. Lethal and sublethal responses to D. magna and H. azteca were best described with the IA model. For both fish species, mixture toxicity was significantly higher than that estimated using either mixture model. The synergism noted in fish exposed to the combination of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin was confirmed by exposing P. promelas larvae to a nontoxic dose of phostebupirim and a range of toxic cyfluthrin concentrations, and vice versa. Sublethal and lethal concentrations to fish were up to 7 times lower for the mixture than in concurrently run individual compound exposures. Potential mechanisms for the synergistic responses found in fish are presented. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1947-1954. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe de Perre
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tracye M Murphy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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127
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Ortiz‐Santaliestra ME, Maia JP, Egea‐Serrano A, Brühl CA, Lopes I. Biological relevance of the magnitude of effects (considering mortality, sub‐lethal and reproductive effects) observed in studies with amphibians and reptiles in view of population level impacts on amphibians and reptiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao P. Maia
- Universidade de Aveiro. Campus de Santiago Portugal
| | - Andrés Egea‐Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM Spain
| | | | - Isabel Lopes
- Universidade de Aveiro. Campus de Santiago Portugal
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128
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Muller JA, Veech JA, Roach J. Using Drift Fence Arrays to Compare Terrestrial Herpetofauna Diversity in Three Habitats at Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. SOUTHEAST NAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1656/058.016.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Muller
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666
| | - Joseph A. Veech
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666
| | - Justin Roach
- Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge, 12000 S Refuge Road, Tishomingo, TX73460
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129
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Exposure to the Herbicide Atrazine Nonlinearly Affects Tadpole Corticosterone Levels. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/16-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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130
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In silico characterization of a novel dehalogenase (DehHX) from the halophile Pseudomonas halophila HX isolated from Tuz Gölü Lake, Turkey: insights into a hypersaline-adapted dehalogenase. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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131
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Disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis on co-exposures to dithiocarbamate and neonicotinoid pesticides: Study in a wildlife bird, Amandava amandava. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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132
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Falfushynska H, Gnatyshyna L, Horyn O, Sokolova I, Stoliar O. Endocrine and cellular stress effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and nifedipine in marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:171-182. [PMID: 28226256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater organisms including amphibians experience increasing exposures to emerging pollutants such as nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals, which can affect their fitness and performance. We studied the effects of two common pollutants extensively used in industry, pharmaceutical and personal care products, nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) and a Ca-channel blocker nifedipine (Nfd), on endocrine status and cellular stress markers of the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. Males were exposed for 14days to nZnO (3.1μM), Zn2+ (3.1μM, as a positive control for nZnO exposures), Nfd (10μM), and combination of nZnO and Nfd (nZnO+Nfd). Exposure to nZnO and Zn2+ led to an increase in Zn burdens, elevated concentrations of the metal-bound metallothioneins (MT-Me) in the liver and increased vitellogenin in the serum, whereas exposures to Nfd and nZnO+Nfd resulted in the metal release from MTs and a significant increase in the ratio of total to metal-bound MTs. This likely reflects oxidative stress caused by Nfd exposures as manifested in the elevated levels of oxyradical production, upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and increase in the total and oxidized glutathione concentrations in Nfd-exposed frogs. Zn-containing exposures upregulated activity of deiodinase (in nZnO and nZnO+Nfd exposures) and serum thyrotropin level (in the case of Zn2+). All exposures caused an increase in DNA fragmentation, lipofuscin accumulation as well as upregulation of caspase-3 and CYP450 levels reflecting cytotoxicity of the studied compounds in the liver. Across all experimental treatments, nZnO exposures in the absence of Nfd had the least impact on the cellular stress traits or redox status in frogs. This indicates that at the low environmentally relevant levels of pollution, pharmaceuticals such as Nfd and free metals (such as Zn2+) may represent a stronger threat to the health of the frogs than nZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Gnatyshyna
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna Sokolova
- Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Str., 3, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine.
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133
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Strong R, Martin FL, Jones KC, Shore RF, Halsall CJ. Subtle effects of environmental stress observed in the early life stages of the Common frog, Rana temporaria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44438. [PMID: 28317844 PMCID: PMC5357840 DOI: 10.1038/srep44438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide amphibian populations are declining due to habitat loss, disease and pollution. Vulnerability to environmental contaminants such as pesticides will be dependent on the species, the sensitivity of the ontogenic life stage and hence the timing of exposure and the exposure pathway. Herein we investigated the biochemical tissue 'fingerprint' in spawn and early-stage tadpoles of the Common frog, Rana temporaria, using attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with the objective of observing differences in the biochemical constituents of the respective amphibian tissues due to varying water quality in urban and agricultural ponds. Our results demonstrate that levels of stress (marked by biochemical constituents such as glycogen that are involved in compensatory metabolic mechanisms) can be observed in tadpoles present in the pond most impacted by pollution (nutrients and pesticides), but large annual variability masked any inter-site differences in the frog spawn. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is capable of detecting differences in tadpoles that are present in selected ponds with different levels of environmental perturbation and thus serves as a rapid and cost effective tool in assessing stress-related effects of pollution in a vulnerable class of organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Strong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Crispin J Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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134
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Fonner CW, Patel SA, Boord SM, Venesky MD, Woodley SK. Effects of corticosterone on infection and disease in salamanders exposed to the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 123:159-171. [PMID: 28262636 DOI: 10.3354/dao03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well established that glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) alter immune function and disease resistance in humans and laboratory animal models, fewer studies have linked elevated GCs to altered immune function and disease resistance in wild animals. The chytrid fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects amphibians and can cause the disease chytridiomycosis, which is responsible for worldwide amphibian declines. It is hypothesized that long-term exposure to environmental stressors reduces host resistance to Bd by suppressing host immunity via stress-induced release of GCs such as corticosterone (CORT). We tested whether elevation of CORT would reduce resistance to Bd and chytridiomycosis development in the red-legged salamander Plethodon shermani. Plasma CORT was elevated daily in animals for 9 d, after which animals were inoculated with Bd and subsequently tested for infection loads and clinical signs of disease. On average, Bd-inoculated animals treated with CORT had higher infection abundance compared to Bd-inoculated animals not treated with CORT. However, salamanders that received CORT prior to Bd did not experience any increase in clinical signs of chytridiomycosis compared to salamanders not treated with CORT. The lack of congruence between CORT effects on infection abundance versus disease may be due to threshold effects. Nonetheless, our results show that elevation of plasma CORT prior to Bd inoculation decreases resistance to infection by Bd. More studies are needed to better understand the effects of CORT on animals exposed to Bd and whether CORT variation contributes to differential responses to Bd observed across amphibian species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris W Fonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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135
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Gandar A, Laffaille P, Marty-Gasset N, Viala D, Molette C, Jean S. Proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: Effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:61-77. [PMID: 28109940 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. Evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. For that, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different temperatures (22 and 32°C) for 15 days. They were then exposed for 96h to a cocktail of herbicides and fungicides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations of 8.4μgL-1 and 42μgL-1) at these two temperatures (22 and 32°C). The molecular response in liver was assessed by 2D-proteomics. Identified proteins were integrated using pathway enrichment analysis software to determine the biological functions involved in the individual or combined stress responses and to predict the potential deleterious outcomes. The pesticide mixtures elicited pathways involved in cellular stress response, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, methionine cycle, cellular functions, cell structure and death control, with concentration- and temperature-dependent profiles of response. We found that combined temperature increase and pesticide exposure affected the cellular stress response: the effects of oxidative stress were more marked and there was a deregulation of the cell cycle via apoptosis inhibition. Moreover a decrease in the formation of glucose by liver and in ketogenic activity was observed in this multi-stress condition. The decrease in both pathways could reflect a shift from a metabolic compensation strategy to a conservation state. Taken together, our results showed (1) that environmental cocktails of herbicides and fungicides induced important changes in pathways involved in metabolism, cell structure and cell cycle, with possible deleterious outcomes at higher biological scales and (2) that increasing temperature could affect the response of fish to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gandar
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Didier Viala
- Plate-Forme 'Exploration du Métabolisme', Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; UMR 1213 Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, NRA Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Caroline Molette
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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136
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De Jesús Andino F, Lawrence BP, Robert J. Long term effects of carbaryl exposure on antiviral immune responses in Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:169-175. [PMID: 27988452 PMCID: PMC5205582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water pollutants associated with agriculture may contribute to the increased prevalence of infectious diseases caused by ranaviruses. We have established the amphibian Xenopus laevis and the ranavirus Frog Virus 3 (FV3) as a reliable experimental platform for evaluating the effects of common waterborne pollutants, such as the insecticide carbaryl. Following 3 weeks of exposure to 10 ppb carbaryl, X. laevis tadpoles exhibited a marked increase in mortality and accelerated development. Exposure at lower concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 ppb) was not toxic, but it impaired tadpole innate antiviral immune responses, as evidenced by significantly decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-I, and IFN-III gene expression. The defect in IFN-I and IL-1β gene expression levels persisted after metamorphosis in froglets, whereas only IFN-I gene expression in response to FV3 was attenuated when carbaryl exposure was performed at the adult stage. These findings suggest that the agriculture-associated carbaryl exposure at low but ecologically-relevant concentrations has the potential to induce long term alterations in host-pathogen interactions and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.
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137
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Jones DK, Dang TD, Urbina J, Bendis RJ, Buck JC, Cothran RD, Blaustein AR, Relyea RA. Effect of Simultaneous Amphibian Exposure to Pesticides and an Emerging Fungal Pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:671-679. [PMID: 28001054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian declines have been linked to numerous factors, including pesticide use and the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Moreover, research has suggested a link between amphibian sensitivity to Bd and pesticide exposure. We simultaneously exposed postmetamorphic American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), western toads (A. boreas), spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), Pacific treefrogs (P. regilla), leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), and Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) to a factorial combination of two pathogen treatments (Bd+, Bd-) and four pesticide treatments (control, ethanol vehicle, herbicide mixture, and insecticide mixture) for 14 d to quantify survival and infection load. We found no interactive effects of pesticides and Bd on anuran survival and no effects of pesticides on infection load. Mortality following Bd exposure increased in spring peepers and American toads and was dependent upon snout-vent length in western toads, American toads, and Pacific treefrogs. Previous studies reported effects of early sublethal pesticide exposure on amphibian Bd sensitivity and infection load at later life stages, but we found simultaneous exposure to sublethal pesticide concentrations and Bd had no such effect on postmetamorphic juvenile anurans. Future research investigating complex interactions between pesticides and Bd should employ a variety of pesticide formulations and Bd strains and follow the effects of exposure throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin K Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | | | | | - Randall J Bendis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Julia C Buck
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rickey D Cothran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University , Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, United States
| | | | - Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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138
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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139
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Srivastav AK, Srivastava S, Srivastav SK, Suzuki N. Acute Toxicity of an Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos to an Anuran, Rana cyanophlyctis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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140
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Freitas JS, Kupsco A, Diamante G, Felicio AA, Almeida EA, Schlenk D. Influence of Temperature on the Thyroidogenic Effects of Diuron and Its Metabolite 3,4-DCA in Tadpoles of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13095-13104. [PMID: 27787998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key variable affecting the timing of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, through the production and subsequent function of thyroid hormones (TH). Thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants as well as temperature. Tadpoles can experience large temperature fluctuations in their habitats and many species are distributed in areas that may be impacted by agriculture. Diuron is a widely used herbicide detected in freshwater ecosystems and may impact endocrine function in aquatic organisms. We evaluated the influence of temperature (28 and 34 °C) on the action of diuron and its metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on thyroid function and metamorphosis in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus. Exposure to both compounds induced more pronounced changes in gene expression and plasma 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in tadpoles treated at higher temperature. T3 concentrations were increased in tadpoles exposed to 200 ng/L of diuron at 34 °C and an acceleration of metamorphosis was observed for the same group. Transcriptomic responses included alteration of thyroid hormone induced bZip protein (thibz), deiodinases (dio2, dio3), thyroid receptors (trα, trβ) and Krüppel-like factor 9 (klf9), suggesting regulation by temperature on TH-gene expression. These results suggest that environmental temperature should be considered in risk assessments of environmental contaminants for amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane S Freitas
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
| | - Andreia A Felicio
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Av. Antonio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
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141
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Chicu SA, Schannen L, Putz MV, Simu GM. Hydractinia echinata test-system. IV. Toxic synergism of human pharmaceuticals in mixtures with iodoform. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:80-85. [PMID: 27591706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure-toxicity relationships for a series of singular human stomatological pharmaceuticals preparations and in mixture with Iodoform on Hydractinia echinata were obtained and their synergism was analyzed through the Metamorphosis Reduction Concentration (MRC50) within the "Köln model". The differences manifested between the total and individual components of the samples and mixtures, associated with toxic versus non-toxic synergism, are dependent on three essential factors of synthesis (the nature, the concentration and the number) besides manifested isotoxicity of the given components. The method represents a practical alternative useful for the reduction of experimental tests on animal to the lowest possible level, in accordance to the '3Rs' (reduce, reuse and recycle) integrative concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mihai V Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical-Chemistry for Nanosciences and QSAR, Biology-Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography at West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara RO-300115, Romania.
| | - Georgeta-M Simu
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department 1-Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.
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142
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Medina RG, Ponssa ML, Aráoz E. Environmental, land cover and land use constraints on the distributional patterns of anurans: Leptodacylus species (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Dry Chaco. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2605. [PMID: 27833796 PMCID: PMC5101610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtropical dry forests are among the most vulnerable biomes to land transformation at a global scale. Among them, the Dry Chaco suffers an accelerated change due to agriculture expansion and intensification. The Dry Chaco ecoregion is characterized by high levels of endemisms and species diversity, which are the result of a variety of climates and reliefs, allowing a wide variety of environments. The amphibian group exhibits a high richness in the Dry Chaco, which has been barely studied in relation to land cover changes. We used ecological niche models (ENMs) to assess the potential geographic distribution of 10 Leptodactylus species (Anura, Leptodactylidae), which are mainly distributed within the Dry Chaco. We characterized these distributions environmentally, analyzed their overlap with land cover classes, and assessed their diversity of ecoregions. Also, we evaluated how these species potential distribution is affected by the transformation of land, and quantified the proportional area of the potential distribution in protected areas. We found that temperature seasonality is the main constraint to the occurrence of the species studied, whose main habitats are savannas, grasslands and croplands. The main threats to these species are the effects of climate change over spatial patterns of seasonality, which could affect their breeding and reproduction mode; the loss of their natural habitat; the exposure to contaminants used by intensive agriculture and their underrepresentation in protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Gabriela Medina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL), CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Ponssa
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL), CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Aráoz
- IER (Instituto de Ecología Regional), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina
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143
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Mutengwe MT, Chidamba L, Korsten L. Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables at Two of the Biggest Fresh Produce Markets in Africa. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1938-1945. [PMID: 28221902 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In most countries, fresh produce sold at local markets is usually not analyzed for agricultural chemical residues as export products are, which raises concerns about the perceived safety levels of local food supplies in contrast with exported products. The aim of this study was to determine pesticide residue levels in fruits and vegetables sold at two of the biggest fresh produce markets in Africa. A total of 199 fruit and vegetable samples were collected between 2012 and 2014 and analyzed for 74 pesticides commonly used in the horticultural sector. Of the samples analyzed, 91% were compliant with set maximum residue levels (MRLs). The remaining samples either contained unregistered chemicals (8%) or exceeded set MRL values (1%). Products containing more than one pesticide residue constituted 4.02% of all samples tested. Imazalil and iprodione were found to be the most frequently detected pesticides (12 samples each). Boscalid, endosulfan, profenofos, and procymidone were associated with the most noncompliance, including exceeding MRL values or being unregistered for the specific crop. The establishment of a national pesticide monitoring program is essential for the country and would ensure that pesticides are used in accordance with good agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbulaheni T Mutengwe
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lizyben Chidamba
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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144
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Méndez M, Obando P, Pinnock-Branford M, Ruepert C, Castillo LE, Mena F, Alvarado G. Acute, chronic and biochemical effects of chlorothalonil on Agalychnis callidryas, Isthmohyla pseudopuma and Smilisca baudinii tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21238-21248. [PMID: 27495920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Declines of amphibian populations have been a worldwide issue of concern for the scientific community during the last several decades. Efforts are being carried out to elucidate factors related to this phenomenon. Among these factors, pathogens, climate change, and environmental pollution have been suggested as possible causes. Regarding environmental pollutants, some pesticides are persistent in the environment and capable of being transported long distances from their release point. In Costa Rica, some pesticides have been detected in protected areas, at locations where amphibian populations have declined. Information about toxicity of pesticides used in Costa Rican agriculture to amphibians is still scarce, particularly for native species.Toxicity tests with chlorothalonil, a fungicide intensively used in Costa Rica, were carried out exposing tadpoles of three Costa Rican native species: Agalychnis callidryas, Isthmohyla pseudopuma, and Smilisca baudinii in order to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity as well as the biomarkers cholinesterase activity (ChE), glutathione-S transferase activity (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).96-h LC50: 26.6 (18.9-35.8) μg/L to A. callidryas, 25.5 (21.3-29.7) μg/L to I pseudopuma and 32.3 (26.3-39.7) μg/L to S. baudinii were determined for chlorothalonil. These three species of anurans are among the most sensitive to chlorothalonil according to the literature. Besides, GST was induced in S. baudinii after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorothalonil while evisceration occurred in S. baudinii and A. callidryas tadpoles exposed to lethal concentrations of the fungicide. Chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations accelerated development in S. baudinii and caused lesions in tail of S. baudinii and I. pseudopuma tadpoles. Our results demonstrate that chlorothalonil is highly toxic to native amphibian species and that low concentrations can cause biochemical responses related to phase II of biotransformation and effects on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Méndez
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Priscilla Obando
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Margaret Pinnock-Branford
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Clemens Ruepert
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Luisa E Castillo
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Freylan Mena
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Gilbert Alvarado
- School of Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Comparative Wildlife Pathology (LAPCOM), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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145
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Trachantong W, Saenphet S, Saenphet K, Chaiyapo M. Lethal and sublethal effects of a methomyl-based insecticide in Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 30:15-24. [PMID: 28190921 PMCID: PMC5293688 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of a methomyl-based insecticide in Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, as methomyl-based insecticides are applied in massive amounts and agrochemicals have effects on the decline in amphibian populations. To evaluate the toxic effects of methomyl from agricultural application, a methomyl-based insecticide containing 40% methomyl was selected. The median lethal concentration of 96 hours of methomyl exposure was 8.69 ppm for H. rugulosus tadpoles. The lethal concentration also produced severe histological damage in the livers and kidneys of the exposed tadpoles. The sublethal concentration used for methomyl was 144 ppb during the metamorphosis period. It was found that the sublethal concentration of the methomyl compound could decrease growth, metamorphosis time, and size, disturb biochemical parameters, and produce histological damage. In livers, methomyl effects increased oxidative stress and dramatically decreased the glycogen level of the treated froglets. Mononuclear infiltration, blood congestion, amorphous substances, and hepatocytes vacuolization were observed throughout liver tissue. The methomyl-based insecticide also increased oxidative stress and decreased nitric oxide levels in the kidneys of the exposed froglets. Renal tissue damage including blood congestion, amorphous substances, and Bowman’s capsule spaces reduction were found in the methomyl exposure group. The methomyl compound also produced vacuoles in various stages of oocytes, but no histological damage was found in testicular tissue. Our results indicated strong toxic effects of the methomyl-based insecticide on H. rugulosus, a broadly tolerant anuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waret Trachantong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supap Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Monruedee Chaiyapo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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146
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Battaglin WA, Smalling KL, Anderson C, Calhoun D, Chestnut T, Muths E. Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:320-332. [PMID: 27232962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality, and adjacent land cover, we collected samples of water, sediment, and frog tissue from 21 sites in 7 States in the United States (US) representing a variety of amphibian habitats. All samples were analyzed for >90 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and water and frogs were screened for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) using molecular methods. Pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected frequently in frog breeding habitats (water and sediment) as well as in frog tissue. Fungicides occurred more frequently in water, sediment, and tissue than was expected based upon their limited use relative to herbicides or insecticides. Pesticide occurrence in water or sediment was not a strong predictor of occurrence in tissue, but pesticide concentrations in tissue were correlated positively to agricultural and urban land, and negatively to forested land in 2-km buffers around the sites. Bd was detected in water at 45% of sites, and on 34% of swabbed frogs. Bd detections in water were not associated with differences in land use around sites, but sites with detections had colder water. Frogs that tested positive for Bd were associated with sites that had higher total fungicide concentrations in water and sediment, but lower insecticide concentrations in sediments relative to frogs that were Bd negative. Bd concentrations on frog swabs were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen and phosphorus, and negatively correlated to pH and water temperature. Data were collected from a range of locations and amphibian habitats and represent some of the first field-collected information aimed at understanding the interactions between pesticides, land use, and amphibian disease. These interactions are of particular interest to conservation efforts as many amphibians live in altered habitats and may depend on wetlands embedded in these landscapes to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Battaglin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Lakewood, CO, United States
| | - K L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - C Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - D Calhoun
- U.S. Geological Survey South Atlantic Water Science Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - T Chestnut
- National Park Service, Mount Rainer National Park, Ashford, WA, United States
| | - E Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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147
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Strong RJ, Halsall CJ, Jones KC, Shore RF, Martin FL. Infrared spectroscopy detects changes in an amphibian cell line induced by fungicides: Comparison of single and mixture effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:8-18. [PMID: 27450236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are regarded as sensitive sentinels of environmental pollution due to their permeable skin and complex life cycle, which usually involves reproduction and development in the aquatic environment. Fungicides are widely applied agrochemicals and have been associated with developmental defects in amphibians; thus, it is important to determine chronic effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of such contaminants in target cells. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been employed to signature the biological effects of environmental contaminants through extracting key features in IR spectra with chemometric methods. Herein, the Xenopus laevis (A6) cell line was exposed to low concentrations of carbendazim (a benzimidazole fungicide) or flusilazole (a triazole fungicide) either singly or as a binary mixture. Cells were then examined using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. Results indicate significant changes in the IR spectra of cells induced by both agents at all concentrations following single exposures, primarily in regions associated with protein and phospholipids. Distinct differences were apparent in the IR spectra of cells exposed to carbendazim and those exposed to flusilazole, suggesting different mechanisms of action. Exposure to binary mixtures of carbendazim and flusilazole also induced significant spectral alterations, again in regions associated with phospholipids and proteins, but also in regions associated with DNA and carbohydrates. Overall these findings demonstrate that IR spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for examining the effects of environmentally-relevant levels of fungicides at the cellular level. The combination of IR spectroscopy with the A6 cell line could serve as a useful model to identify agents that might threaten amphibian health in a rapid and high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Strong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Crispin J Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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148
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Mimbs WH, Cusaac JPW, Smith LM, McMurry ST, Belden JB. Occurrence of current-use fungicides and bifenthrin in Rainwater Basin wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:275-281. [PMID: 27300775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands in the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska are commonly in close proximity to or embedded within row-crop agriculture. Several fungicides and bifenthrin are applied aerially to corn throughout the RWB during tassel stage. Thus, aerial spray drift and runoff may result in pesticide contamination of wetlands. The primary objective of this study was to determine water concentrations of five fungicides and bifenthrin in wetlands located in and near fields during a heavy application period (July 16th-26th 2014) to evaluate the influence of distance from crop field on wetland contamination. In addition, the sampling sites were grouped based upon the type of water body sampled and environmental concentrations were compared to relevant "levels of concern" (LOCs) from invertebrates, fish, and amphibians selected from the literature based upon relevant toxicity data. Bifenthrin was the most frequently detected analyte, appearing in 83% of the samples. The 95th percentile concentrations across all wetlands were found to be 0.07 μg/L for bifenthrin, 0.28 μg/L for pyraclostrobin, 0.28 μg/L for azoxystrobin, and <0.14 μg/L for all other analytes. Analyte concentrations did not differ by wetland type and were not correlated with distance from closest crop. Environmental concentrations of fungicides were lower than LOCs, indicating limited acute toxicity risk. However, bifenthrin concentrations were frequently higher than LOCs for aquatic arthropods. Because the water samples included particulate bound pesticides, further work is needed to determine if this bifenthrin is bioavailable and contamination levels within the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Mimbs
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078-3052, United States
| | - J Patrick W Cusaac
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078-3052, United States
| | - Loren M Smith
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078-3052, United States
| | - Scott T McMurry
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078-3052, United States
| | - Jason B Belden
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078-3052, United States.
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149
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Gamble DS, Bruccoleri AG. Pesticide regulations for agriculture: Chemically flawed regulatory practice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:571-577. [PMID: 27166991 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1171646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two categories of pesticide soil models now exist. Government regulatory agencies use pesticide fate and transport hydrology models, including versions of PRZM.gw. They have good descriptions of pesticide transport by water flow. Their descriptions of chemical mechanisms are unrealistic, having been postulated using the universally accepted but incorrect pesticide soil science. The objective of this work is to report experimental tests of a pesticide soil model in use by regulatory agencies and to suggest possible improvements. Tests with experimentally based data explain why PRZM.gw predictions can be wrong by orders of magnitude. Predictive spreadsheet models are the other category. They are experimentally based, with chemical stoichiometry applied to integral kinetic rate laws for sorption, desorption, intra-particle diffusion, and chemical reactions. They do not account for pesticide transport through soils. Each category of models therefore lacks what the other could provide. They need to be either harmonized or replaced. Some preliminary tests indicate that an experimental mismatch between the categories of models will have to be resolved. Reports of pesticides in the environment and the medical problems that overlap geographically indicate that government regulatory practice needs to account for chemical kinetics and mechanisms. Questions about possible cause and effect links could then be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Gamble
- a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Aldo G Bruccoleri
- b Wee Yong Laboratory, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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150
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Tamschick S, Rozenblut-Kościsty B, Ogielska M, Lehmann A, Lymberakis P, Hoffmann F, Lutz I, Schneider RJ, Kloas W, Stöck M. Impaired gonadal and somatic development corroborate vulnerability differences to the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol among deeply diverged anuran lineages. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:503-514. [PMID: 27434076 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are undergoing a global decline. One poorly investigated reason could be the pollution of aquatic habitats by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). We tested the susceptibility to the synthetically stabilized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in three deeply diverged anuran species, differing in sex determination systems, types of gonadogenesis and larval ecologies. To understand whether data from the amphibian model Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) are analogous and applicable to only distantly related non-model amphibians, tadpoles of X. laevis, Hyla arborea (Hylidae) and Bufo viridis (Bufonidae) were simultaneously exposed to 50, 500 and 5000ng/L EE2 from hatching until completion of metamorphosis, using a flow-through-system under identical experimental conditions. Comparing molecularly established genetic with histologically assessed phenotypic sex in all species, we have recently shown that EE2 provoked numerous genetic-male-to-phenotypic-female sex reversals and mixed sex individuals, confirming overall its expected feminizing effect. In the present study, we focus on the influence of EE2 on gonadal and somatic development. Anatomy and histology revealed several species-specific effects. In both non-model species, H. arborea and B. viridis, high numbers of anatomically impaired gonads were observed. In H. arborea, exposed to 5000ng/L EE2, numerous underdeveloped gonads were detected. Whereas EE2 did not alter snout-to-vent length and body weight of X. laevis metamorphs, H. arborea showed a treatment-dependent decrease, while B. viridis exhibited an increase in body weight and snout-to-vent length. Apart from a concentration-dependent occurrence of yellowish skin color in several H. arborea, no organ-specific effects were detected. Since EE2 ubiquitously occurs in many aquatic ecosystems and affects sexual and somatic development, among EDCs, it may indeed contribute to amphibian decline. The inter-species variation in developmental EE2-effects corroborates species-specific vulnerability differences towards EDCs between deeply diverged amphibian groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tamschick
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301 & 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Ogielska
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Andreas Lehmann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Knossou Ave., 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Frauke Hoffmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301 & 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ilka Lutz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301 & 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301 & 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301 & 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
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