101
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Abstract
Intrauterine or early postnatal high-fat diet (HFD) has substantial influences on adult offspring health; however, studies of HFD-induced maternal obesity on regulation of adult offspring bone formation are sparse. Here, we investigated the effects of HFD-induced maternal obesity on both fetal and adult offspring skeletal development. We found that HFD-induced maternal obesity significantly decreased fetal skeletal development, but enhanced fetal osteoblastic cell senescence signaling and significantly increased the expression of inflammatory factors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in osteo-progenitors. It was found that p300/CBP activation led to H3K27 acetylation to increase the expression of senescence-related genes and PPARγ in embryonic mouse osteogenic calvarial cells from HFD obese dams. These results were recapitulated in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs) isolated from offspring of pregnant obese and lean mothers following delivery. Regardless of postnatal HFD challenge, adult offspring from HFD obese dams showed significantly suppressed bone formation. Such early involution of bone formation of adult offspring from HFD obese dams may at least in part due to histone acetylation, i.e., epigenetic regulation of genes involved in cell senescence signaling in pre-osteoblasts from prenatal development. These findings indicate fetal pre-osteoblastic cell senescence signaling is epigenetically regulated by maternal obesity to repress bone formation in adult offspring in rodents and suggest that at least some of these effects may also manifest in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-R Chen:
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alexander W Alund
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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102
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Kopiczko A, Gryko K, Łopuszańska-Dawid M. Bone mineral density, hand grip strength, smoking status and physical activity in Polish young men. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:209-216. [PMID: 30143235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human skeleton undergoes constant changes encompassing the phases of growth, consolidation and involution of the bone tissue. The aim of the research was to assess the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and such factors as hand grip strength, somatic structure or attitudes to tobacco smoking in men with different levels of physical activity. The study included 172 males aged 20-30 years. Mineral density and forearm bone mass were measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Physical activity levels were assessed with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Hand grip strength was measured with Jamar hand dynamometer. Attitudes towards smoking were assessed using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The correlation between a high level of physical activity among men and higher BMD and bone mass both in the distal and proximal parts of the forearm was statistically significantly greater compared to individuals with an insufficient level of physical activity. A better state of BMD and higher bone mass in both forearm bones was noted among non-smoking men. A high level of physical activity was the most significant predictor of BMD in the distal part of the forearm. The regression analysis in the proximal part revealed that body mass and a high level of physical activity were the most important predictors of BMD. The lack of physical activity was associated with more frequent occurrence of low bone mass in men. Tobacco smoking may be one of the most important risk factors of poor bone mineralization in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopiczko
- Department of Anthropology and Health Promotion, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Gryko
- Department of Athletics and Sports Games, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Łopuszańska-Dawid
- Department of Anthropology and Health Promotion, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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103
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High-fat diet disrupts bone remodeling by inducing local and systemic alterations. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:93-103. [PMID: 29986312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat (HF) diet leads to detrimental effects on alveolar bone (AB); however, the mechanisms linking adiposity to bone loss are poorly understood. This study investigated if AB resorption induced by an HF diet is associated with the regulation of inflammatory gene expression and if adipocytes can directly interfere with osteoclastogenesis. We also evaluated the effects of diet restriction (DR) on bone phenotype. C57BL6/J mice were fed normal chow or an HF diet for 12 weeks. Samples of maxillae, femur, blood and white adipose tissue were analyzed. In vitro co-culture of bone marrow-derived osteoclasts and mature adipocytes was carried out. The results revealed an increased number of osteoclasts and fewer osteoblasts in animals fed the HF diet, which led to the disruption of trabecular bone and horizontal AB loss. Similar effects were observed in the femur. The metabolic parameters and the deleterious effects of the HF diet on AB and the femur were reversed after DR. The HF diet modulated the expression of 30 inflammatory genes in AB such as Fam3c, InhBa, Tnfs11, Ackr2, Pxmp2 and Chil3, which are related to the inflammatory response and bone remodeling. In vitro, mature adipocytes produced increased levels of adipokines, and co-culture with osteoclasts resulted in augmented osteoclastogenesis. The results indicate that the mechanisms by which an HF diet affects bone involve induction of osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory gene expression. Adipokines apparently are key molecules in this process. Strategies to control diet-induced bone loss might be beneficial in patients with preexisting bone inflammatory conditions.
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104
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Fornari R, Marocco C, Francomano D, Fittipaldi S, Lubrano C, Bimonte VM, Donini LM, Nicolai E, Aversa A, Lenzi A, Greco EA, Migliaccio S. Insulin growth factor-1 correlates with higher bone mineral density and lower inflammation status in obese adult subjects. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:375-381. [PMID: 28271457 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a severe public health problem worldwide, leading to an insulin-resistant state in liver, adipose, and muscle tissue, representing a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. We have shown that abdominal obesity is associated with homeostasis derangement, linked to several hormonal and paracrine factors. Data regarding potential link between GH/IGF1 axis, bone mineral density, and inflammation in obesity are lacking. Thus, aim of this study was to evaluate correlation among IGF-1, BMD, and inflammation in obese individuals. METHODS The study included 426 obese subjects, mean age 44.8 ± 14 years; BMI 34.9 ± 6.1. Exclusion criteria were chronic medical conditions, use of medications affecting bone metabolism, hormonal and nutritional status, recent weight loss, and prior bariatric surgery. Patients underwent measurements of BMD and body composition by DEXA and were evaluated for hormonal, metabolic profile, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS In this population, IGF-1 was inversely correlated with abdominal FM% (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.12) and directly correlated with osteocalcin (OSCA) (p < 0.002, r 2 = 0.14). A negative correlation was demonstrated between IGF-1 levels and nonspecific inflammatory index, such as fibrinogen (p < 0.01, r 2 = 0.04) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.03). IGF-1 was directly correlated with higher BMD, at both lumbar (p < 0.02, r 2 = 0.03) and femoral site (p < 0.04, r 2 = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results show that higher levels of serum IGF-1 in obese patients correlate with lower inflammatory pattern and better skeletal health, as demonstrated by higher BMD and osteocalcin levels. These results lead to speculate the existence of a bone-adipose-muscle interplay modulating energy homeostasis, glucose, bone metabolism, and chronic inflammation in individuals affected by abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Fornari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Marocco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Francomano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana M Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico", Largo Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela A Greco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico", Largo Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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105
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Abstract
Overweight and obesity according to the definition of the WHO are considered as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Studies comparing fracture incidence in obese and non-obese individuals have demonstrated that obesity, defined on the basis of body mass index (BMI), is associated with increased risk of fracture at some sites but seems to be protective at others. The results of the studies are influenced by the distribution of BMI in the population studied; for example, in cohorts with a low prevalence of obesity, a predilection for certain fracture sites in obese individuals becomes difficult to detect, whereas, in populations with a high prevalence of obesity, previously unreported associations may emerge. Furthermore, obesity can bring with itself many complications (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin D deficiency, and motor disability) which, in the long run, can have a definite influence in terms of overall risk and quality of life, as well. This is a narrative review focusing on the relationship between bone metabolism and overweight/obesity and dealing with the fundamental dilemma of a disease (obesity) apparently associated with improved values of bone mineral density, part of a complicated relationship which revolves around obesity called "the obesity paradox".
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106
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Lee DW, Cho MS, Choe EY, Park SW, Song YM, Lee SC, Sung J. Epicardial Fat Thickness and Bone Mineral Content: The Healthy Twin Study in Korea. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:253-259. [PMID: 29332861 PMCID: PMC5911676 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conventional concept of positive association between general obesity and bone health was challenged in recent studies reporting the different effects of specific fat deposition on bone health. In the present study, we investigated the association between epicardial fat and bone health. Methods We measured echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and bone mineral content (BMC) in a twin-family cohort of Koreans (n = 1,198; 525 men, 460 pre- and 213 post-menopausal women). A total 121 pairs of monozygotic twin (MZ) and 404 pairs of dizygotic twin and sibling pairs (DZ/Sib) were included. Results EFT was positively associated with BMC in total, as well as in three subgroups (β = 0.107, 0.076, and 0.058 for men, pre-, and post-menopausal women, respectively). The positive association between EFT and BMC remained for DZ/Sib difference analysis, but was absent for MZ comparisons. The positive association between BMI and BMC was consistent for DZ/Sib and MZ difference analysis. After adjusting for the effect of general obesity via BMI, the association between BMC and EFT was statistically non-significant (β = 0.020, 0.000, and −0.009 for men, pre-, and post-menopausal women, respectively). Conclusion Our findings do not support epicardial fat’s beneficial effects on bone health, whereas general adiposity has an osteotropic effect. The association between EFT and BMC is through common genetic component factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Korea University Ansan Hospital
| | - Min Soo Cho
- Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Eun Yeong Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Sang-Chol Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University.,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University
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107
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Weske S, Vaidya M, Reese A, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Keul P, Bayer JK, Fischer JW, Flögel U, Nelsen J, Epple M, Scatena M, Schwedhelm E, Dörr M, Völzke H, Moritz E, Hannemann A, Rauch BH, Gräler MH, Heusch G, Levkau B. Targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase as an anabolic therapy for bone loss. Nat Med 2018; 24:667-678. [PMID: 29662200 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling influences bone metabolism, but its therapeutic potential in bone disorders has remained unexplored. We show that raising S1P levels in adult mice through conditionally deleting or pharmacologically inhibiting S1P lyase, the sole enzyme responsible for irreversibly degrading S1P, markedly increased bone formation, mass and strength and substantially decreased white adipose tissue. S1P signaling through S1P2 potently stimulated osteoblastogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis by inversely regulating osterix and PPAR-γ, and it simultaneously inhibited osteoclastogenesis by inducing osteoprotegerin through newly discovered p38-GSK3β-β-catenin and WNT5A-LRP5 pathways. Accordingly, S1P2-deficient mice were osteopenic and obese. In ovariectomy-induced osteopenia, S1P lyase inhibition was as effective as intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment in increasing bone mass and was superior to iPTH in enhancing bone strength. Furthermore, lyase inhibition in mice successfully corrected severe genetic osteoporosis caused by osteoprotegerin deficiency. Human data from 4,091 participants of the SHIP-Trend population-based study revealed a positive association between serum levels of S1P and bone formation markers, but not resorption markers. Furthermore, serum S1P levels were positively associated with serum calcium , negatively with PTH , and curvilinearly with body mass index. Bone stiffness, as determined through quantitative ultrasound, was inversely related to levels of both S1P and the bone formation marker PINP, suggesting that S1P stimulates osteoanabolic activity to counteract decreasing bone quality. S1P-based drugs should be considered as a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of osteoporotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weske
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mithila Vaidya
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alina Reese
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia K Bayer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Nelsen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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108
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High-refined carbohydrate diet promotes detrimental effects on alveolar bone and femur microarchitecture. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 86:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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109
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Effects of Body Mass Index on Bone Loading Due to Physical Activity. J Appl Biomech 2018; 34:7-13. [PMID: 28771082 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2016-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to compare bone loading due to physical activity between lean, and overweight and obese individuals. Fifteen participants (lower BMI group: BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 7; higher BMI group: 25 kg/m2 < BMI < 36.35 kg/m2, n = 8) wore a tri-axial accelerometer on 1 day to collect data for the calculation of bone loading. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) was used to measure time spent at different physical activity levels. Daily step counts were measured using a pedometer. Differences between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Accelerometer data revealed greater loading dose at the hip in lower BMI participants at a frequency band of 0.1-2 Hz (P = .039, Cohen's d = 1.27) and 2-4 Hz (P = .044, d = 1.24). Lower BMI participants also had a significantly greater step count (P = .023, d = 1.55). This corroborated with loading intensity (d ≥ 0.93) and questionnaire (d = 0.79) effect sizes to indicate higher BMI participants tended to spend more time in very light activity, and less time in light and moderate activity. Overall, participants with a lower BMI exhibited greater bone loading due to physical activity; participants with a higher BMI may benefit from more light and moderate level activity to maintain bone health.
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110
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Abstract
Osteoporosis and adipose tissue are closely related with many contradictions. Visfatin is an adipokine that is related to osteoporosis and adiposity. This nutrigenomics study examined the interaction between visfatin genotypes and dietary fat intake, with regard to bone mineral density (BMD) among an obese population. In this cross-sectional study, 336 subjects were enrolled; the mean age was 38·25 (sd 11·69) years and the mean BMI was 31·79 (sd 4·77) kg/m2. Laboratory measurements were lipid profile, insulin and fasting blood sugar. Bone density measurements were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary data were collected through a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. Genotyping for visfatin gene SNP (rs2110385) was performed by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequency of GG, GT and TT genotypes were 33·92 48·51 and 17·54 %, respectively, and 86·6 % of participants were women. The results showed that subjects with TT genotypes had significantly higher lumbar BMD, T score and z score (P<0·0001). After categorisation by percentage of fat intake (30 % of total energy content as a cut-off point), no interaction was found, but when categorised by fat types, we found an interaction between visfatin genotypes and dietary PUFA intake in terms of the hip T score and z score (P=0·043, B= -0·08; P=0·04, B= -0·078, respectively). There was a significant relationship between high PUFA intake and lower energy and protein intake. When participants were categorised by median PUFA intake (22·8 g), it was concluded that subjects with GG genotype who had high PUFA-intake diets had lower hip z scores and T scores, unlike the other genotypes.
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111
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Hu Y, Tan LJ, Chen XD, Liu Z, Min SS, Zeng Q, Shen H, Deng HW. Identification of Novel Potentially Pleiotropic Variants Associated With Osteoporosis and Obesity Using the cFDR Method. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:125-138. [PMID: 29145611 PMCID: PMC6061219 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful in identifying loci associated with osteoporosis and obesity. However, the findings explain only a small fraction of the total genetic variance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify novel pleiotropic genes important in osteoporosis and obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING A pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate method was applied to three independent GWAS summary statistics of femoral neck bone mineral density, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. Next, differential expression analysis was performed for the potentially pleiotropic genes, and weighted genes coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify functional connections between the suggested pleiotropic genes and known osteoporosis/obesity genes using transcriptomic expression data sets in osteoporosis/obesity-related cells. RESULTS We identified seven potentially pleiotropic loci-rs3759579 (MARK3), rs2178950 (TRPS1), rs1473 (PUM1), rs9825174 (XXYLT1), rs2047937 (ZNF423), rs17277372 (DNM3), and rs335170 (PRDM6)-associated with osteoporosis and obesity. Of these loci, the PUM1 gene was differentially expressed in osteoporosis-related cells (B lymphocytes) and obesity-related cells (adipocytes). WGCNA showed that PUM1 positively interacted with several known osteoporosis genes (AKAP11, JAG1, and SPTBN1). ZNF423 was the highly connected intramodular hub gene and interconnected with 21 known osteoporosis-related genes, including JAG1, EN1, and FAM3C. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified seven potentially pleiotropic genes associated with osteoporosis and obesity. The findings may provide new insights into a potential genetic determination and codetermination mechanism of osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Shi Min
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hong-Wen Deng, PhD, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1610, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112. E-mail:
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112
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Ding Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Xu Y, Ma Z, Sun Y. Impact of Age, Gender, and Body Composition on Bone Quality in an Adult Population From the Middle Areas of China. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:83-90. [PMID: 28039045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Identifying modifiable factors that influence bone status during adulthood to maximize bone quality is a potential primary strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. We investigated the impact of body height, body weight, body mass index, and body composition on calcaneal bone characteristics as measured with quantitative ultrasound in 441 Chinese adults (238 women) aged 20-55 yr from the middle areas of China. Body composition, including fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, and fat mass were obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI) both in men (r = -0.177, p < 0.05; r = -0.499, p < 0.001; r = -0.530, p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = -0.344, p < 0.001; r = -0.336, p < 0.001; r = -0.369, p < 0.001, respectively). Body height, body weight, FFM, and muscle mass had positive correlations with BUA, SOS, and SI in both genders, with FFM having the strongest correlation with BUA, SOS, and SI in men (r = 0.351, p < 0.001; r = 0.391, p < 0.001; r = 0.406, p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = 0.331, p < 0.001; r = 0.288, p < 0.001; r = 0.324, p < 0.001, respectively). Fat mass had a positive correlation with BUA (r = 0.331, p < 0.001), SOS (r = 0.288, p < 0.001), and SI (r = 0.324, p < 0.001) in women, which was not found in men. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that, in both genders, FFM was a positive predictor for all 3 quantitative ultrasound variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubing Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chan GMF, Riandini T, Ng SHX, Goh SY, Tan CS, Tai ES, Duque G, Ng ACM, Venkataraman K. Role of Fat and Bone Biomarkers in the Relationship Between Ethnicity and Bone Mineral Density in Older Men. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:64-72. [PMID: 29052745 PMCID: PMC5760609 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important health issue for older adults, and has been relatively understudied in older men. This study aimed to examine ethnic differences in bone mineral density (BMD), and elucidate the role of bone turnover markers (BTMs), fat and fat biomarkers on these ethnic differences. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, marrow fat at femoral neck, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, bone and fat biomarkers were evaluated in 120 healthy men aged ≥ 60 years. Indians had higher BMD values compared to Chinese at the lumbar spine (β = 20.336, SE = 4.749, p < 0.001) and the femoral neck (e β = 1.105, SE = 0.032, p < 0.001), after adjusting for BTMs, fat composition and lifestyle choices. Marrow fat, VAT and adiponectin were independent predictors of BMD. However, these factors did not explain the lower BMD observed in older Chinese men. Our findings suggest that older Chinese men are at significant risk of osteoporotic fractures due to lower BMD. Fat appears to be a key factor associated with lower BMD, and warrants further longitudinal studies to elucidate the complex interactions between adipose tissue and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M F Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tessa Riandini
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, #10-03 J, Level 10, Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Sheryl Hui Xian Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, #10-03 J, Level 10, Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Su Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 3, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, #10-03 J, Level 10, Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Alvin Choon-Meng Ng
- The Endocrine Clinic, Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, 3 Mount Elizabeth, #15-04, Singapore, 228510, Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, #10-03 J, Level 10, Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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114
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Chakhtoura M, Rahme M, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Vitamin D Metabolism in Bariatric Surgery. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017; 46:947-982. [PMID: 29080645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is common in obese patients and persists after roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Several societies recommend screening for vitamin D deficiency before bariatric surgery, and replacement doses of 3000 IU/d and up to 50,000 IU 1 to 3 times per week, in case of deficiency, with periodic monitoring. These regimens are mostly based on expert opinion. Large trials are needed to assess the vitamin D dose response, by type of bariatric surgery, and evaluate the effect on surrogate markers of skeletal outcomes. Such data are essential to derive desirable vitamin D levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Chakhtoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maya Rahme
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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115
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Khwanchuea R, Punsawad C. Association between Anthropometric Indices, Body Composition and Bone Parameters in Thai Female Adolescents. Indian J Pediatr 2017; 84:908-914. [PMID: 28799060 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate correlations between anthropometrics and body composition with bone parameters of the whole-body and lumbar spine in non-obese and obese Thai female adolescents. METHODS This study was performed in 135 female adolescents aged 15 to 18 y enrolled in secondary schools in southern Thailand. Subjects were grouped into non-obesity (underweight and normal-to-overweight) (BMI < 25) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) groups. Anthropometric indices for obesity [body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI)] were recorded. Bone parameters (BMC, BMD, and Z-scores) of the whole-body and lumbar spine (L1-L4) and body composition (LBM, BFM, %fat, %lean, and %bone) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Correlations between anthropometrics, body composition, and bone parameters were evaluated and compared between subject groups. RESULTS The obesity group had significantly higher means of whole-body BMD, BMC and Z-score than non-obese group (p < 0.05). BMI and BW were positively associated with BFM and %fat (p < 0.05) for non-obese subjects. Obese subjects had greater lumbar spine BMC compared to non-obese subjects. BFM was correlated with whole-body BMC in obese group. BW was a positive determinant of BMC at both sites in all subject groups, particularly for obese subjects; BW had positive associations with all bone parameters at the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS BW can be used as a determinant of all bone parameters at lumbar spine, and BFM had a positive effect on whole-body BMC in Thai obese female adolescent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapheeporn Khwanchuea
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, 222 Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, 222 Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
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116
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Montalvany-Antonucci CC, Zicker MC, Oliveira MC, Macari S, Madeira MFM, Andrade I, Ferreira AVM, Silva TA. Diet versus jaw bones: Lessons from experimental models and potential clinical implications. Nutrition 2017; 45:59-67. [PMID: 29129238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of different types of diets influences not only body health but the bone remodeling process as well. Nutritional components can directly affect maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone microarchitecture. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge regarding the influence of diets and dietary supplementation on alveolar bone. Accumulating evidence from experimental models suggests that carbohydrate- and fat-rich diets are detrimental for alveolar bone, whereas protective effects are associated with consumption of calcium, ω-3, and bioactive compounds. Little is known about the effects of protein-free and protein-rich diets, boron, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and caffeine on alveolar bone remodeling. Adipokines and direct effects of nutritional components on bone cells are proposed mechanisms linking diet and bone. Results from animal models substantiate the role of nutritional components on alveolar bone. It is a well-built starting point for clinical studies on nutritional monitoring and intervention for patients with alveolar bone disorders, especially those who are treatment refractory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina C Zicker
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes M Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ildeu Andrade
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani M Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcilia A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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117
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Orgel E, Mueske NM, Sposto R, Gilsanz V, Wren TAL, Freyer DR, Butturini AM, Mittelman SD. A randomized controlled trial testing an adherence-optimized Vitamin D regimen to mitigate bone change in adolescents being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2370-2378. [PMID: 28278717 PMCID: PMC5489365 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1289526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develop osteopenia early in therapy, potentially exacerbated by high rates of concurrent Vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a randomized clinical trial testing a Vitamin D-based intervention to improve Vitamin D status and reduce bone density decline. Poor adherence to home supplementation necessitated a change to directly observed therapy (DOT) with intermittent, high-dose Vitamin D3 randomized versus standard of care (SOC). Compared to SOC, DOT Vitamin D3 successfully increased trough Vitamin 25(OH)D levels (p = .026) with no residual Vitamin D deficiency, 100% adherence to DOT Vitamin D3, and without associated toxicity. However, neither Vitamin D status nor supplementation impacted bone density. Thus, this adherence-optimized intervention is feasible and effective to correct Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents during ALL therapy. Repletion of Vitamin D and calcium alone did not mitigate osteopenia, however, and new, comprehensive approaches are needed to address treatment-associated osteopenia during ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etan Orgel
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nicole M. Mueske
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Sposto
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tishya AL Wren
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David R Freyer
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anna M Butturini
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven D. Mittelman
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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118
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Zhu Z, Gan X, Yu H. NF‑κB‑miR15a‑bFGF/VEGFA axis contributes to the impaired angiogenic capacity of BM‑MSCs in high fat diet‑fed mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7609-7616. [PMID: 28944834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent paracrine properties, such as secretion of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors, have been considered essential for the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue regeneration and repair. The present study determined that bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells from mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had reduced pro‑angiogenic capacity, as evident from the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); therefore, a reduced number of branches was induced in the angiogenesis assay. Additionally, the present study determined that miR‑15a, a putative microRNA targeting both VEGFA and bFGF, may simultaneously downregulate bFGF and VEGFA expression levels through the 3'‑untranslated region. Inhibition of miR‑15a using an antagonist restored the expression of VEGFA and bFGF under fatty acid treatment and thus the angiogenic capacity. Furthermore, the HFD and fatty acids treatments transcriptionally activated the expression of miR‑15a via nuclear factor‑κB. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that inhibition of miR‑15a may restore the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in patients suffering from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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119
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Sadeghi O, Saneei P, Nasiri M, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:728-738. [PMID: 28916573 PMCID: PMC5593104 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the association between general obesity and hip fracture were summarized in a 2013 meta-analysis; however, to our knowledge, no study has examined the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of hip fracture. The present systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was undertaken to summarize the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of hip fracture. We searched online databases for relevant publications up to February 2017, using relevant keywords. In total, 14 studies were included in the systematic review and 9 studies, with a total sample size of 295,674 individuals (129,964 men and 165,703 women), were included in the meta-analysis. Participants were apparently healthy and aged ≥40 y. We found that abdominal obesity (defined by various waist-hip ratios) was positively associated with the risk of hip fracture (combined RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.46, P = 0.01). Combining 8 effect sizes from 6 studies, we noted a marginally significant positive association between abdominal obesity (defined by various waist circumferences) and the risk of hip fracture (combined RR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.89, P = 0.07). This association became significant in a fixed-effects model (combined effect size: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.58, P < 0.001). Based on 5 effect sizes, we found that a 0.1-U increase in the waist-hip ratio was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of hip fracture (combined RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.29, P = 0.007), whereas a 10-cm increase in waist circumference was not significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture (combined RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.36, P = 0.19). This association became significant, however, when we applied a fixed-effects model (combined effect size: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.27, P < 0.001). We found that abdominal obesity was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture in 295,674 individuals. Further studies are needed to test whether there are associations between abdominal obesity and fractures at other bone sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sadeghi
- Students’ Scientific Center,,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
| | | | - Morteza Nasiri
- Department of Operating Room Technology, School of Paramedicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, and
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics,,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; and
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120
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Sotiriadi-Vlachou S. Obesity and its relationship with falls, fracture site and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2017; 2:28-32. [PMID: 32300680 PMCID: PMC7155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in elder women is a difficult problem for public health, as it is related to increased incidence of fall-related injuries and fractures. The kind of fall-related fracture seems to relate to the distribution of body mass. A review of the literature was carried out based on systematic searches of electronic databases (PubMed/Medline). The results of this mini-review did not support that obesity increases the risk of falls during post-menopause compared to normal weight women. However, there was a relation between obesity and site of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Sotiriadi-Vlachou
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece,Corresponding author: Stella Sotiriadi-Vlachou, Faedrou 9 str., PC 11635, Athens Greece E-mail:
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121
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Shanbhogue VV, Støving RK, Frederiksen KH, Hanson S, Brixen K, Gram J, Jørgensen NR, Hansen S. Bone structural changes after gastric bypass surgery evaluated by HR-pQCT: a two-year longitudinal study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:685-693. [PMID: 28289103 PMCID: PMC5425940 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE, DESIGN AND METHODS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has proved successful in attaining sustained weight loss but may lead to metabolic bone disease. To assess impact on bone mass and structure, we measured a real bone mineral density at the hip and spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia by high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT in 25 morbidly obese subjects (15 females, 10 males) at 0, 12 and 24 months after RYGB. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), calciotropic and gut hormones and adipokines were measured at the same time points. RESULTS After a 24.1% mean weight loss from baseline to month 12 (P < 0.001), body weight plateaued from month 12 to 24 (-0.9%, P = 0.50). However, cortical and trabecular vBMD and microarchitecture deteriorated through the 24 months, such that there was a 5 and 7% reduction in estimated bone strength at the radius and tibia respectively (both P < 0.001). The declines observed in the first 12 months were matched or exceeded by declines in the 12- to 24-month period. While a significant increase in BTMs and decrease in leptin and insulin were seen at 24 months, these changes were maximal at month 12 and stabilized from month 12 to 24. CONCLUSIONS Despite weight stabilization and maintenance of metabolic parameters, bone loss and deterioration in bone strength continued and were substantial in the second year. The clinical importance of these changes in terms of increased risk of developing osteoporosis and fragility fractures remain an important concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shanbhogue
- Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to V V Shanbhogue;
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Center for Eating DisordersOdense University Hospital & Psychiatry of Region Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Stine Hanson
- Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kim Brixen
- Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Gram
- Department of EndocrinologyHospital of Southwest Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryResearch Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Glostrup, Denmark
- OPENOdense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stinus Hansen
- Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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122
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Lespessailles E, Cortet B, Legrand E, Guggenbuhl P, Roux C. Low-trauma fractures without osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1771-1778. [PMID: 28161747 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is usually measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess bone status in patients with or without osteoporotic fracture. As BMD has a Gaussian distribution, it is difficult to define a cutoff for osteoporosis diagnosis. Based on epidemiological considerations, WHO defined a DXA-based osteoporosis diagnosis with a T-score <-2.5. However, the majority of individuals who have low-trauma fractures do not have osteoporosis with DXA (i.e., T-score <-2.5), and some of them have no decreased BMD at all. Some medical conditions (spondyloarthropathies, chronic kidney disease and mineral bone disorder, diabetes, obesity) or drugs (glucocorticoids, aromatase inhibitors) are more prone to cause fractures with subnormal BMD. In the situation of fragility fractures with subnormal or normal BMD, clinicians face a difficulty as almost all the pharmacologic treatments have proved their efficacy in patients with low BMD. However, some data are available in post hoc analyses in patients with T score >-2. Overall, in patients with a previous fragility fracture (especially vertebra or hip), treatments appear to be effective. Thus, the authors recommend treating some patients with a major fragility fracture even if areal BMD T score is above -2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lespessailles
- Laboratoire I3MTO, Université d'Orléans, 4708, 45067, Orléans, EA, France.
- Regional Hospital of Orleans, 14 avenue de l'hopital, 45067, Orleans, Cedex 2, France.
| | - B Cortet
- EA 4490 PMOI-Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - E Legrand
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - P Guggenbuhl
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Rennes, 35203, Rennes, France
- , INSERM UMR 991, 35000, Rennes, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - C Roux
- INSERM U 1153, hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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123
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ToF-SIMS study of differentiation of human bone-derived stromal cells: new insights into osteoporosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4425-4435. [PMID: 28516281 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have numerous important functions in the human body, as they form the cells' plasma membranes and play a key role in many disease states, presumably also in osteoporosis. Here, the fatty acid composition of the outer plasma membranes of cells differentiated into the osteogenic and adipogenic direction is studied with surface-sensitive time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For data evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied. Human (bone-derived) mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) from an osteoporotic donor and a control donor are compared to reveal differences in the fatty acid composition of the membranes. The chemical information is correlated to staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR) results to provide insight into the gene expression of several differentiation markers on the RNA level. Adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs from a non-osteoporotic donor correlates with increased relative intensities of all fatty acids under investigation. After osteogenic differentiation of non-osteoporotic cells, the relative mass signal intensities of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids are increased. However, the osteoporotic cells show increased levels of palmitic acid in the plasma membrane after exposure to osteogenic differentiation conditions, which correlates to an immature differentiation state relative to non-osteoporotic osteogenic cells. This immature differentiation state is confirmed by increased early osteogenic differentiation factor Runx2 on RNA level and by less calcium mineralization spots seen in von Kossa staining and ToF-SIMS images. Graphical abstract Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is applied to analyze the fatty acid composition of the outer plasma membranes of cells differentiated into the adipogenic and osteogenic direction. Cells from an osteoporotic and a control donor are compared to reveal differences due to differentiation and disease stage of the cells.
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124
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Hao W, Jiang C, Jiang M, Wang T, Wang X. Osteogenic potency of dedifferentiated fat cells isolated from elderly people with osteoporosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:43-50. [PMID: 28672891 PMCID: PMC5488489 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature adipocytes are the major cell type in adipose tissue. This study aimed to explore the osteogenic potency of dedifferentiated fat cells obtained from osteoporotic patients (opDFATs) in vitro and in vivo. Mature adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (opASCs) were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Mature adipocytes were dedifferentiated to produce opDFATs by the ceiling culture method. OpDFATs were osteogenically induced in vitro with opASCs as a control. Cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and cell mineralization were determined, and expression levels of osteogenesis-specific genes (collagen I, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein) were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After 14 days, the opDFATs were combined with a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-β-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold after being suspended in collagen I gel and implanted into nude mice for 4 weeks prior to histological analysis. Unilocular lipid droplets in mature adipocytes gradually split into smaller droplets and disappeared from the cytoplasm. Mature adipocytes dedifferentiated to opDFATs and cell morphology changed from spherical to elongated. High levels of ALPase and cell mineralization were observed in opDFATs by staining. No significant differences were found between the growth curves, ALPase activity, cell mineralization and expression levels of osteogenesis-specific genes between opDFATS and opASCs. After implantation for 4 weeks, new bone tissue was observed histologically in the opDFATs-based biocomposite. OpDFATs are implicated as a novel type of seed cell for bone tissue engineering based on their osteogenic potency and higher abundance in adipose tissue compared with opASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, 107 Hospital of Jinan Military Area, Yantai, Shandong 264002, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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The anti-osteoporotic and anti-atherogenic effects of alendronate and simvastatin in ovariectomized rats fed high fat diet: A comparative study of combination therapy versus monotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1115-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rothammer S, Bernau M, Kremer-Rücker PV, Medugorac I, Scholz AM. Genome-wide QTL mapping results for regional DXA body composition and bone mineral density traits in pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-51-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. In a previous study, genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for five body composition traits, three bone mineral traits and live weight was performed using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Since QTL for bone mineral traits were rare, the current study aimed to clarify whether the mapping results were influenced by the analysed body regions. Thus, the same material (551 pigs) and methods as in the whole-body QTL mapping study were used. However, for evaluation of the DXA scans, we manually defined two body regions: (i) from the last ribs to the pelvis (A) and (ii) including the pelvis and the hind limbs (P). Since live weight was not affected by the regional analysis, it was omitted from the QTL mapping design. Our results show an overall high consistency of mapping results especially for body composition traits. Two thirds of the initial whole-body QTL are significant for both A and P. Possible causes for the still low number of bone mineral QTL and the lower consistency found for these traits are discussed. For body composition traits, the data presented here show high genome-wide Pearson correlations between mapping results that are based on DXA scans with the time-saving whole-body standard setting and mapping results for DXA data that were obtained by time-consuming manual definition of the regions of interest. However, our results also suggest that whole-body or regional DXA scans might generally be less suitable for mapping of bone mineral traits in pigs. An analysis of single reference bones could be more useful.
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Tariq S, Baig M, Tariq S, Shahzad M. Association of serum leptin with bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic females. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:287-291. [PMID: 28010139 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study was designed to find out whether leptin is a predictor of bone mass density (BMD) in premenopausal women (PMW) and postmenopausal osteoporotic women (PMOPW) or it has no association with BMD. METHODS One hundred and ninety two women (98 PMOPW and 94 PMW) were recruited for this study. The control group was BMI matched with osteoporotic subjects. BMD assessment was done on calcaneus by peripheral ultrasound bone densitometry and T scores were determined. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum leptin and BMD values were significantly different in both groups (leptin, 18.56 ± 8.65 ng/ml versus 21.64 ± 9.80 ng/ml, p = 0.02) and (BMD, -0.70 ± 0.19 versus -3.17 ± 0.59, p = 0.000), respectively. In PMOPW serum leptin and BMD were considerably correlated with weight (lep, r = 0.53, p = <0.001; BMD, r = -0.21, p = 0.02), BMI (lep, r = 0.52, p = <0.001; BMD, r = -0.27, p = 0.005), waist circumference (lep, r = 0.61, p = <0.001; BMD, r = 0.18, p = 0.04), hip circumference (lep, r = 0.58, p = <0.001). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that weight and BMI in PMW and PMOPW were independent predictors of BMD. Serum leptin level was not found to be the predictor of BMD in both groups. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that body weight and BMI have an impact on BMD while serum leptin is not associated with BMD in PMW and PMOPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tariq
- a Department of Pharmacology , University Medical and Dental College , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Health Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundus Tariq
- d Department of Physiology , University Medical and Dental College , Faisalabad , Pakistan , and
- e Department of Physiology , University of Health Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Health Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
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Hsieh CH, Lai WH, Wu SC, Chen YC, Kuo PJ, Hsu SY, Hsieh HY. Trauma injury in adult underweight patients: A cross-sectional study based on the trauma registry system of a level I trauma center. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6272. [PMID: 28272241 PMCID: PMC5348189 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the injury characteristics, severity, and outcome between underweight and normal-weight patients hospitalized for the treatment of all kinds of trauma injury.This study was based on a level I trauma center Taiwan.The detailed data of 640 underweight adult trauma patients with a body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m and 6497 normal-weight adult patients (25 > BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m) were retrieved from the Trauma Registry System between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014. Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and independent Student's t-test were performed to compare the differences. Propensity score matching with logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of underweight on mortality.Underweight patients presented a different bodily injury pattern and a significantly higher rate of admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU) than did normal-weight patients; however, no significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, injury severity score (ISS), in-hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay were found between the two groups. However, further analysis of the patients stratified by two major injury mechanisms (motorcycle accident and fall injury) revealed that underweight patients had significantly lower GCS scores (13.8 ± 3.0 vs 14.5 ± 2.0, P = 0.020), but higher ISS (10.1 ± 6.9 vs 8.4 ± 5.9, P = 0.005), in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-11.35; P = 0.006), and ICU admittance rate (24.1% vs 14.3%, P = 0.007) than normal-weight patients in the fall accident group, but not in the motorcycle accident group. However, after propensity score matching, logistic regression analysis of well-matched pairs of patients with either all trauma, motorcycle accident, or fall injury did not show a significant influence of underweight on mortality.Exploratory data analysis revealed that underweight patients presented a different bodily injury pattern from that of normal-weight patients, specifically a higher incidence of pneumothorax in those with penetrating injuries and of femoral fracture in those with struck on/against injuries; however, the injury severity and outcome of underweight patients varied depending on the injury mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Lai
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Jen Kuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | - Shiun-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Pirro M, Mannarino MR, Bianconi V, De Vuono S, Sahebkar A, Bagaglia F, Franceschini L, Scarponi AM, Mannarino E, Merriman T. Uric acid and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: the link lies within the fat. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:973-981. [PMID: 27725998 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. Fat accumulation is linked to SUA and BMD, thus possibly explaining the mixed results. We found that adiposity drives part of the association between SUA and BMD in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Both positive and negative associations between SUA and BMD have been reported. SUA levels and BMD increase with higher body weight and other indices of adiposity; hence, the association between SUA and BMD might be a consequence of the confounding effect of adiposity. We investigated in this cross-sectional study whether the association between SUA and BMD is independent of measures of fat accumulation and other potential confounders. METHODS SUA levels, femur BMD, markers of bone metabolism, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC), and abdominal visceral fat area were measured in 180 treatment-naive postmenopausal osteoporotic women (mean age 66.3 ± 8.5 years, age range 48-81 years). RESULTS Women with higher SUA levels (third tertile) had significantly higher femur BMD and lower cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) levels. SUA levels were positively associated with all indices of adiposity. In multivariable analysis with femur BMD as dependent variable, the association between logarithmic (LG)-transformed SUA levels and BMD (beta = 0.42, p < 0.001) was lessened progressively by the different indices of adiposity, like LG-BMI (beta = 0.22, p = 0.007), LG-WC (beta = 0.21, p = 0.01), LG-FM (beta = 0.18, p = 0.01), and LG-abdominal visceral fat area (beta = 0.12, p = 0.05). The association between SUA levels and markers of bone metabolism was dependent on the effect of confounders. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal osteoporotic women, the strong univariable association between SUA levels and femur BMD is partly explained by the confounding effect of indices of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S De Vuono
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - F Bagaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Franceschini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A M Scarponi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - T Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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Effect of sex-hormone levels, sex, body mass index and other host factors on human craniofacial bone regeneration with bioactive tricalcium phosphate grafts. Biomaterials 2017; 123:48-62. [PMID: 28160669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the associations between sex-hormone levels, sex, body mass index (BMI), age, other host factors and biomaterial stimulated bone regeneration in the human craniofacial skeleton. The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations between these factors and bone formation after sinus floor augmentation procedures (SFA) utilizing a bioactive tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bone grafting material. We conducted a prospective study in a human population in which 60 male and 60 female participants underwent SFA and dental implant placement using a staged approach. BMI as well as levels of serum estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and the free androgen index (FAI) were measured by radioimmunoassay and electrochemoluminescent-immunoassay. At implant placement, 6 months after SFA, bone biopsy specimens were harvested for hard tissue histology, the amount of bone formation was evaluated by histomorphometry and immunohistochemical analysis of osteogenic marker expression. The Wilcoxon rank-sum U test, Spearman correlations and linear regression analysis were used to explore the association between bone formation and BMI, hormonal and other host factors. BMI and log E2 were significantly positively associated with bone formation in male individuals (p < 0.05). Histomorphometry revealed trends toward greater bone formation and osteogenic marker expression with non-smokers compared to smokers. In male patients, higher E2 levels and higher BMI enhanced TCP stimulated craniofacial i.e. intramembranous bone repair.
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Fernandes TAP, Gonçalves LML, Brito JAA. Relationships between Bone Turnover and Energy Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9021314. [PMID: 28695134 PMCID: PMC5485508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9021314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that diabetes can be detrimental to bone health, and its chronic complications have been associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, there is growing evidence that the skeleton plays a key role in a whole-organism approach to physiology. The hypothesis that bone may be involved in the regulation of physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, has been suggested. Given the roles of insulin, adipokines, and osteocalcin in these pathways, the need for a more integrative conceptual approach to physiology is emphasized. Recent findings suggest that bone plays an important role in regulating intermediary metabolism, being possibly both a target of diabetic complications and a potential pathophysiologic factor in the disease itself. Understanding the relationships between bone turnover and glucose metabolism is important in order to develop treatments that might reestablish energy metabolism and bone health. This review describes new insights relating bone turnover and energy metabolism that have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A. P. Fernandes
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz (ISCSEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- *Tânia A. P. Fernandes:
| | - Luísa M. L. Gonçalves
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz (ISCSEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José A. A. Brito
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz (ISCSEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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Zhu K, Hunter M, James A, Lim EM, Cooke BR, Walsh JP. Discordance between fat mass index and body mass index is associated with reduced bone mineral density in women but not in men: the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:259-268. [PMID: 27468902 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The obesity-BMD relationship is complex. In 3045 middle-aged adults, we found that in women (but not men) with discordant fat mass index (FMI)/BMI categories, higher body fat for BMI was associated with lower BMD, suggesting that increased fat mass without an accompanying increase in lean mass may be deleterious to bone. INTRODUCTION The relationship between obesity and BMD is complex. FMI (fat mass (kg) / height (m)2) is a more accurate measure of fatness than BMI, and depending on body composition, some individuals have discordant BMI/FMI categories. We examined associations between FMI, BMI and BMD in participants in the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. METHODS Body composition and BMD of the hip, spine and total body were measured using DXA in 3045 participants (1644 females) aged 45-67 years. Using standard BMI/FMI categories, the participants were classified as underweight/fat deficit, normal, overweight/excess fat, obese I and obese II-III. RESULTS BMI and FMI categories were concordant in 77.3 % of females and 71.2 % of males. There were 12.9 % females and 13.2 % males in a higher FMI than BMI category (high body fat for BMI), whereas 9.8 % females and 15.6 % males were in a lower category (low body fat for BMI). Females with high body fat for BMI had significantly lower covariate-adjusted BMD at the femoral neck, total hip and total body (differences of 3.8, 5.1 and 2.6 %, respectively, all P < 0.05) than females with low body fat for BMI and lower total body BMD than women with concordant FMI/BMI (by 1.4 %, P = 0.04). In males, BMD did not differ significantly between those who were concordant or discordant for FMI/BMI categories. CONCLUSION In women (but not men) with discordant FMI/BMI categories, higher body fat for BMI was associated with lower BMD, suggesting that increased fat mass without an accompanying increase in lean mass may be deleterious to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - M Hunter
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - A James
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - E M Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - B R Cooke
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - J P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Isanejad M, Sirola J, Mursu J, Kröger H, Tuppurainen M, Erkkilä AT. Association of Protein Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content among Elderly Women: The OSTPRE Fracture Prevention Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:622-630. [PMID: 28537325 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that high protein intakes are associated with lower bone mineral content (BMC). Previous studies yield conflicting results and thus far no studies have undertaken the interaction of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity with protein intakes in relation to BMC and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of dietary total protein (TP), animal protein (AP) and plant protein (PP) intakes with BMC and BMD and their changes. We tested also the interactions of protein intake with, obesity (BMI ≤30 vs. >30 kg/m2) and physical activity level (passive vs. active). Design/ Setting: Prospective cohort study (Osteoporosis Risk-Factor and Fracture-Prevention Study). Participants/measures: At the baseline, 554 women aged 65-72 years filled out a 3-day food record and a questionnaire covering data on lifestyle, physical activity, diseases, and medications. Intervention group received calcium 1000 mg/d and cholecalciferol 800 IU for 3 years. Control group received neither supplementation nor placebo. Bone density was measured at baseline and year 3, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between protein intake and BMD and BMC. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses energy-adjusted TP (P≤0·029) and AP (P≤0·045) but not PP (g/d) were negatively associated with femoral neck (FN) BMD and BMC. Women with TP≥1·2 g/kg/body weight (BW) (Ptrend≤0·009) had lower FN, lumbar spine (LS) and total BMD and BMC. In follow-up analysis, TP (g/kg/BW) was inversely associated with LS BMD and LS BMC. The detrimental associations were stronger in women with BMI<30 kg/m2. In active women, TP (g/kg/BW) was positively associated with LS BMD and FN BMC changes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests detrimental associations between protein intake and bone health. However, these negative associations maybe counteracted by BMI>30 kg/m2 and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isanejad
- Masoud Isanejad, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, PO Box 1627, FI70211 Kuopio, Finland. Phone number: +358-449753845. Email address:
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Chain A, Crivelli M, Faerstein E, Bezerra FF. Association between fat mass and bone mineral density among Brazilian women differs by menopausal status: The Pró-Saúde Study. Nutrition 2017; 33:14-19. [PMID: 27908545 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and fat mass (FM) in a multiethnic population of Brazilian women and to evaluate the influence of total body mass and lean mass on this association. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study nested within the Pro-Saúde Study, a prospective cohort of university civil servants in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were pre- (n = 100) and postmenopausal (n = 166) women. Total fat, lean mass, and BMD of total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The association of BMD with FM was investigated after adjustment for total body mass (model 1) and lean mass (model 2) and potential confounding variables using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS In model 1, FM was inversely associated with BMD for total body (B = -0.010; P < 0.01) and for femoral neck (B = -0.009 P < 0.05) in premenopausal women. No association between FM and BMD was observed in postmenopausal women. Model 2 yielded direct associations between FM and BMD (total and specific sites; B = 0.003-0.008; P < 0.01) in postmenopausal women only. CONCLUSIONS Independently of the adjustment used, the results of the present study suggest the absence of an inverse association between FM and BMD in postmenopausal women. Additionally, when adjusted for lean mass, a direct association between FM and bone mass can be observed, suggesting that for postmenopausal women being slightly obese does not confer excessive risk for bone loss and may even result in a bone density advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Chain
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa e Capacitação Física do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marise Crivelli
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia F Bezerra
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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López-Gómez JJ, Pérez Castrillón JL, de Luis Román DA. Influencia de la obesidad sobre el metabolismo óseo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:551-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Machado LG, Domiciano DS, Figueiredo CP, Caparbo VF, Takayama L, Oliveira RM, Lopes JB, Menezes PR, Pereira RMR. Visceral fat measured by DXA is associated with increased risk of non-spine fractures in nonobese elderly women: a population-based prospective cohort analysis from the São Paulo Ageing & Health (SPAH) Study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3525-3533. [PMID: 27351667 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study investigates the relationship between visceral fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the incidence of non-spine fractures in community-dwelling elderly women. We demonstrated a potential negative effect of visceral fat on bone health in nonobese women. INTRODUCTION The protective effect of obesity on bone health has been questioned because visceral fat has been demonstrated to have a deleterious effect on bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of visceral fat measured by DXA with the incidence of non-spine fractures in community-dwelling elderly women. METHODS This longitudinal prospective population-based cohort study evaluated 433 community-dwelling women aged 65 years or older. A specific clinical questionnaire, including personal history of a fragility fracture in non-spine osteoporotic sites, was administered at baseline and after an average of 4.3 years. All incidences of fragility fractures during the study period were confirmed by affected-site radiography. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured in the android region of a whole-body DXA scan. RESULTS The mean age was 72.8 ± 4.7 years, and 28 incident non-spine osteoporotic fractures were identified after a mean follow-up time of 4.3 ± 0.8 years. According to the Lipschitz classification for nutritional status in the elderly, 38.6 % of women were nonobese (BMI ≤ 27 kg/m2) and 61.4 % were obese/overweight. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between VAT and non-spine fractures in elderly women. After adjusting for age, race, previous fractures, and BMD, VAT (mass, area, volume) had a significant association with the incidence of non-spine fractures only in nonobese elderly women (VAT mass: OR, 1.42 [95 % CI, 1.09-1.85; p = 0.010]; VAT area: OR, 1.19 [95 % CI, 1.05-1.36; p = 0.008]; VAT volume: OR, 1.40 [95 % CI, 1.09-1.80; p = 0.009]). CONCLUSION This study suggests a potential negative effect of visceral adiposity on bone health in nonobese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Machado
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - D S Domiciano
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - C P Figueiredo
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - V F Caparbo
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - L Takayama
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - J B Lopes
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - P R Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M R Pereira
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory of Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3093, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
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137
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Salamat MR, Salamat AH, Janghorbani M. Association between Obesity and Bone Mineral Density by Gender and Menopausal Status. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:547-558. [PMID: 27834082 PMCID: PMC5195832 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether there were gender differences in the effect of obesity on bone mineral density (BMD) based on menopausal status. METHODS We assessed 5,892 consecutive patients 20 to 91 years old who were referred for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. All subjects underwent a standard BMD scan of the hip (total hip and femoral neck) and lumbar spine (L1 to L4) using a DXA scan and body size assessment. Body mass index was used to categorize the subjects as normal weight, overweight, and obese. RESULTS BMD was higher in obese and overweight versus normal weight men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Compared to men ≥50 years and postmenopausal women with normal weight, the age-adjusted odds ratio of osteopenia was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07 to 0.56) and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.51) for obese men ≥50 years and postmenopausal women. Corresponding summaries for osteoporosis were 0.26 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.64) and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.20), respectively. Compared to men <50 years and premenopausal women with normal weight, the age-adjusted odds ratio of low bone mass was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.45) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.26) for obese men <50 years and premenopausal women, respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with BMD of the hip and lumbar spine and overweight and obese individuals have similar degrees of osteoporosis. This result was not significantly different based on gender and menopausal status, which could be an important issue for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Salamat
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Janghorbani
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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138
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Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Rose S, Frye RE, Badger TM, Andres A, Shankar K. Maternal Obesity Programs Senescence Signaling and Glucose Metabolism in Osteo-Progenitors From Rat and Human. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4172-4183. [PMID: 27653035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status during intrauterine and early postnatal life impacts the risk of chronic diseases, presumably via epigenetic mechanisms. However, evidence on the impact of gestational events on regulation of embryonic bone cell fate is sparse. We investigated the effects of maternal obesity on fetal osteoblast development in both rodents and humans. Female rats were fed control or an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and mated with male rats fed control diets, and respective maternal diets were continued during pregnancy. Embryonic rat osteogenic calvarial cells (EOCCs) were taken from gestational day 18.5 fetuses from control and HFD dams. EOCCs from HFD obese dams showed increases in p53/p21-mediated cell senescence signaling but decreased glucose metabolism. Decreased aerobic glycolysis in HFD-EOCCs was associated with decreased osteoblastic cell differentiation and proliferation. Umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from 24 pregnant women (12 obese and 12 lean) along with placentas were collected upon delivery. The umbilical cord MSCs of obese mothers displayed less potential toward osteoblastogenesis and more towards adipogenesis. Human MSCs and placenta from obese mothers also exhibited increased cell senescence signaling, whereas MSCs showed decreased glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Finally, we showed that overexpression of p53 linked increased cell senescence signaling and decreased glucose metabolism in fetal osteo-progenitors from obese rats and humans. These findings suggest programming of fetal preosteoblastic cell senescence signaling and glucose metabolism by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Richard E Frye
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
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139
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Jang DG, Kwon JY, Choi SK, Ko HS, Shin JC, Park IY. Prevalence of Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Risk Factors in Korean Puerperal Women. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1790-1796. [PMID: 27709858 PMCID: PMC5056212 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.11.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pregnancy is a medical condition that contributes to bone loss, little information is available regarding bone mineral density (BMD) in puerperal women. This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of low BMD in puerperal women and to identify associated risk factors. We surveyed all puerperal women who had BMD measurements taken 4-6 weeks after delivery in a tertiary university hospital, and did not have any bone loss-related comorbidities. Among the 1,561 Korean puerperal women, 566 (36.3%) had low BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and/or trochanter. Multivariate analysis revealed that underweight women had a significantly higher risk of low BMD compared with obese women at pre-pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83-5.63). Also, women with inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) were 1.4 times more likely to have low BMD than women with excessive GWG (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.94). One-way ANOVA showed that BMDs at the lumbar spine and total hip were significantly different between the 4 BMI groups (both P < 0.001) and also between the 3 GWG groups (both P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study identifies a high prevalence of low BMD in puerperal women and thus suggests the need for further evaluation about the change of BMD in pregnancy and postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Jang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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140
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Comparison of maternal isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat diets on osteogenic and adipogenic genes expression in adolescent mice offspring. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:69. [PMID: 27777604 PMCID: PMC5069891 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring. However, the effects of macronutrient distribution in maternal isocaloric diet have not been studied. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate diet will increase osteoblastic and decrease osteoclastic and adipogenic gene expression compared with high-fat diet in adolescent mice offspring. Methods Virgin female C57BL/6 mice were impregnated and fed either the AIN 93G isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate (LF-HCD) or a high fat (HF-LCD) diet from the time of vaginal plug confirmation until the offspring was weaned. Results After adjusting for the sex of offspring, osteoprotegrin (OPG) and Ctnnb1 (beta-catenin) genes expression were significantly reduced by 98 % and 97 % in the bone of offspring born from the HF-LCD compared with the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPAR γ2) gene expression in the bone of offspring born from the HF-LCD was 7.1-folds higher than the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p = 0.004). In the retroperitoneal fat mass of offspring born from HF-LCD, AdipoQ and LPL genes expression were respectively up-regulated 15.8 and 4.2-folds compared with the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions Maternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate diet enhances osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis compared with high-fat diet in adolescent mice offspring.
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141
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Zhang X, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Leung PS, Mak KK. Hedgehog signaling in bone regulates whole-body energy metabolism through a bone-adipose endocrine relay mediated by PTHrP and adiponectin. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:225-237. [PMID: 27740628 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone plays a role in energy metabolism, but the interplay between bone and other organs in this process is not completely understood. Here, we show that upregulated Hh signaling in bones results in increased whole-body energy expenditure, white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, hypoglycemia and skeletal muscle atrophy. We found that Hh signaling induces PTHrP secretion from bones and causes WAT browning. Injection of PTHrP-neutralizing antibody attenuates WAT browning and improves the circulating blood glucose level while high-fat diet treatment only rescues hypoglycemia. Furthermore, bone-derived PTHrP stimulates adiponectin secretion in WAT and results in systemic increase of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Mechanistically, PTHrP activates both PKA/cAMP and Akt/Foxo pathways for Ucp1 expression in WAT. PTHrP couples adiponectin actions to activate the AMPK pathway in the skeletal muscles and liver, respectively, for fatty acid oxidation. Our findings establish a new bone-adipose hormonal relay that regulates whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratories for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Qianni Cheng
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Po Sing Leung
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Kinglun Kingston Mak
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratories for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.,Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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142
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Villa CR, Chen J, Wen B, Sacco SM, Taibi A, Ward WE, Comelli EM. Maternal vitamin D beneficially programs metabolic, gut and bone health of mouse male offspring in an obesogenic environment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1875-1883. [PMID: 27698344 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin D is an anti-inflammatory nutrient and a determinant of bone health. Some prospective studies suggest that maternal vitamin D status is positively associated with offspring bone mass. We found that serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory molecule related to adiposity, insulin resistance and bone resorption, is lower in healthy mouse offspring exposed to high dietary vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. LPS reaches the circulation via the gut. This study investigated whether maternal vitamin D programs metabolic, gut and bone health of male offspring in an obesogenic environment. METHODS C57BL/6J dams received an AIN-93G diet with high (H) or low (L) vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, offspring remained on their dam's vitamin D level (LL or HH) or were switched (LH or HL) and fed a high fat (44.2%) and sucrose (19.8%) diet. Glucose response, adiposity, systemic inflammation (LPS, cytokines), intestinal permeability and mass, strength and microarchitecture of trabecular and cortical bone were assessed in 7-month-old male offsprings. RESULTS Higher maternal dietary vitamin D resulted in lower intestinal permeability (fecal albumin, P=0.010) and benefited trabecular but not cortical bone structure at the distal femur (higher trabecular number, P=0.022; less trabecular separation, P=0.015) and lumbar vertebra 2 (bone volume/total volume%, P=0.049). Higher maternal and offspring vitamin D resulted in lower fasting glucose (HH versus LL, P=0.039) and serum LPS concentrations (dam diet, P=0.011; pup diet, P=0.002). Higher offspring vitamin D resulted in lower epididymal fat pad relative weight (P=0.006). The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dietary vitamin D beneficially programs intestinal permeability and systemic LPS concentration, which is accompanied by stronger trabecular bone in an obesogenic environment. Thus, the gut may mediate vitamin D effects. Moreover, optimizing vitamin D in early life may be critical for later health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Villa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W E Ward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - E M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Child Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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143
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Estublier C, Chapurlat R, Szulc P. Older men with severe disc degeneration have more incident vertebral fractures-the prospective MINOS cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 56:37-45. [PMID: 27703044 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on the relationship between disc degeneration (DD) and fragility fractures in men are limited. The aim of this study was to prospectively analyse the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in men with thoracolumbar DD according to the severity of its radiological signs: disc space narrowing (DSN), osteophytes and endplate sclerosis. METHODS Men >50 years of age (n = 765) had lateral spine radiographs and DXA and were monitored prospectively. We analysed the risk of incident vertebral (7.5 years) and non-vertebral fractures (10 years) in men according to the severity of DD. RESULTS After adjustment for age and weight, BMD increased with increasing total DSN score, endplate sclerosis and osteophytosis. Over 7.5 years, 28 incident vertebral fractures occurred in 27 men. After adjustment for age, BMI, spine BMD, prior fractures and abdominal aortic calcifications, the vertebral fracture risk was 3-fold higher in the upper DSN quartile vs men without DSN. After adjustment for the same confounders, vertebral fracture risk was also nearly 3-fold higher in the upper DSN quartile vs the three lower quartiles combined. Over 10 years, 61 men sustained non-vertebral fragility fractures. After adjustment for age, BMI, hip BMD, abdominal aortic calcifications and prior falls and fractures, the non-vertebral fracture risk decreased with increasing DSN score. The risk of non-vertebral fracture was half as high in men above the median total DSN score vs men below the median. CONCLUSION In older men, severe DD is associated with higher BMD. Multilevel severe DSN is associated with higher vertebral fracture risk and lower non-vertebral fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Estublier
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Søgaard AJ, Holvik K, Omsland TK, Tell GS, Dahl C, Schei B, Meyer HE. Age and Sex Differences in Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Hip Fracture: A NOREPOS Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:510-519. [PMID: 27630142 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether very high body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) lowers risk of hip fracture. Our objectives in this study were 1) to examine the association between BMI and subsequent hip fracture according to sex and age and 2) to explore whether the importance of known risk factors varied across BMI. We followed 61,787 participants (29,511 female and 32,276 male) in the Cohort of Norway (ages 50-79 years at baseline in 1994-2003) with regard to hip fracture. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight. During a median follow-up period of 8.4 years, 1,603 women and 951 men suffered a hip fracture. Hazard ratios for hip fracture and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with BMI <22 had a hazard ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.60) for hip fracture, as compared with women with BMI 22-24.9; and women with BMI ≥30 had a hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.66). Corresponding results in men were hazard ratio = 1.66 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.05) and hazard ratio = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.96), respectively. Below age 70 years, there was no further decrease in fracture risk at BMIs of 25 or more, while in women aged 70-79 years, the risk continued to decrease with increasing BMI. The associations between risk factors and hip fracture were similar in strength across BMI strata.
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145
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Ahn BN, Karadeniz F, Kong CS, Nam KH, Jang MS, Seo Y, Kim HS. Dioxinodehydroeckol Enhances the Differentiation of Osteoblasts by Regulating the Expression of Phospho-Smad1/5/8. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E168. [PMID: 27649211 PMCID: PMC5039539 DOI: 10.3390/md14090168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of bone formation-related health problems are a major problem for the aging population in the modern world. As a part of the ongoing trend of developing natural substances that attenuate osteoporotic bone loss conditions, dioxinodehydroeckol (DHE) from edible brown alga Ecklonia cava was tested for its effects on osteoblastogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. DHE was observed to successfully enhance osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by elevated cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular cell mineralization, along with raised levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators at the concentration of 20 μM. Results suggested a possible intervening of DHE on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, according to elevated protein levels of BMP-2, collagen-I, and Smads. In addition, the presence of DHE was also able to raise the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) levels which are also activated by the BMP signaling pathway. In conclusion, DHE is suggested to be a potential bioactive compound against bone loss that could enhance osteoblastogenesis with a suggested BMP pathway interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byul-Nim Ahn
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Ki-Ho Nam
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea.
| | - Mi-Soon Jang
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea.
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.
| | - Han Seong Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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146
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Chung SM, Hyun MH, Lee E, Seo HS. Novel effects of sarcopenic osteoarthritis on metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and bone fracture: the national survey. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2447-57. [PMID: 27177746 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study compared the effects sarcopenic osteoarthritis on metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and bone fracture. By using national survey data, we suggest that the relationship between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance is potentiated by the severity of osteoarthritis and is independent of body weight. INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia and osteoarthritis are known risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, their combined effects on metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and osteoporosis remain uncertain. METHODS We used data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using a total of 3158 adults (age >50 years). Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index score (appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight) within the fifth percentile of sex-matched younger reference participants. Radiographic knee osteoarthritis was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade of 2 or greater. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Osteoporosis was defined using the World Health Organization T-score criteria. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the sarcopenic osteoarthritis group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for metabolic syndrome (OR = 11.00, 95 % confidential interval (CI) = 2.12-56.99, p = 0.013) than the non-sarcopenic osteoarthritis (OR = 1.02, 95 % CI = 0.65-1.62, p = 0.972) and sarcopenic non-osteoarthritis groups (OR = 7.15, 95 % CI = 1.57-32.53, p = 0.027). Similarly, sarcopenic osteoarthritis had a greater OR of highest HOMA-IR quartiles (OR = 8.19, 95 % CI = 2.03-33.05, p = 0.003) than the other groups. Overall, the association between the K-L grade and body mass index was significant; however, this significance was lower in individuals with sarcopenia and was lost in those with sarcopenic osteoarthritis. Additionally, osteoporosis and bone fracture were not associated to sarcopenic osteoarthritis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the relationship between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance is potentiated by the severity of osteoarthritis and is independent of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chung
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Hyun
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - E Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo, Gyeonggi-province, 435-040, Republic of Korea.
| | - H S Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST) Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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147
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Villalvilla A, García-Martín A, Largo R, Gualillo O, Herrero-Beaumont G, Gómez R. The adipokine lipocalin-2 in the context of the osteoarthritic osteochondral junction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29243. [PMID: 27385438 PMCID: PMC4935838 DOI: 10.1038/srep29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) form a vicious circle in which obesity contributes to cartilage destruction in OA, and OA-associated sedentary behaviour promotes weight gain. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a novel adipokine with catabolic activities in OA joints, contributes to the obesity and OA pathologies and is associated with other OA risk factors. LCN2 is highly induced in osteoblasts in the absence of mechanical loading, but its role in osteoblast metabolism is unclear. Therefore, because osteochondral junctions play a major role in OA development, we investigated the expression and role of LCN2 in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the OA osteochondral junction environment. Our results showed that LCN2 expression in human osteoblasts and chondrocytes decreased throughout osteoblast differentiation and was induced by catabolic and inflammatory factors; however, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 reversed this induction. LCN2 reduced osteoblast viability in the presence of iron and enhanced the activity of MMP-9 released by osteoblasts. Moreover, pre-stimulated human osteoblasts induced LCN2 expression in human chondrocytes, but the inverse was not observed. Thus, LCN2 is an important catabolic adipokine in osteoblast and chondrocyte metabolism that is regulated by differentiation, inflammation and catabolic and anabolic stimuli, and LCN2 expression in chondrocytes is regulated in a paracrine manner after osteoblast stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Villalvilla
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Avda Reyes Católicos, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Adela García-Martín
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, CIEMAT-CIBERER, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Avda Reyes Católicos, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research Laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB), Institute of Medical Research, SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Avda Reyes Católicos, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Laboratory, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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148
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Blair HC, Kalyvioti E, Papachristou NI, Tourkova IL, Syggelos SA, Deligianni D, Orkoula MG, Kontoyannis CG, Karavia EA, Kypreos KE, Papachristou DJ. Apolipoprotein A-1 regulates osteoblast and lipoblast precursor cells in mice. J Transl Med 2016; 96:763-72. [PMID: 27088511 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in lipid metabolism affect bone homeostasis, altering bone mass and quality. A link between bone mass and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been proposed. Indeed, it has been recently shown that absence of the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) causes dense bone mediated by increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In the present study we aimed at further expanding the current knowledge as regards the fascinating bone-HDL connection studying bone turnover in apoA-1-deficient mice. Interestingly, we found that bone mass was greatly reduced in the apoA-1-deficient mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. More specifically, static and dynamic histomorphometry showed that the reduced bone mass in apoA-1(-/-) mice reflect decreased bone formation. Biochemical composition and biomechanical properties of ApoA-1(-/-) femora were significantly impaired. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation from the apoA-1(-/-) mice showed reduced osteoblasts, and increased adipocytes, relative to wild type, in identical differentiation conditions. This suggests a shift in MSC subtypes toward adipocyte precursors, a result that is in line with our finding of increased bone marrow adiposity in apoA-1(-/-) mouse femora. Notably, osteoclast differentiation in vitro and osteoclast surface in vivo were unaffected in the knock-out mice. In whole bone marrow, PPARγ was greatly increased, consistent with increased adipocytes and committed precursors. Further, in the apoA-1(-/-) mice marrow, CXCL12 and ANXA2 levels were significantly decreased, whereas CXCR4 were increased, consistent with reduced signaling in a pathway that supports MSC homing and osteoblast generation. In keeping, in the apoA-1(-/-) animals the osteoblast-related factors Runx2, osterix, and Col1a1 were also decreased. The apoA-1(-/-) phenotype also included augmented CEPBa levels, suggesting complex changes in growth and differentiation that deserve further investigation. We conclude that the apoA-1 deficiency generates changes in the bone cell precursor population that increase adipoblast, and decrease osteoblast production resulting in reduced bone mass and impaired bone quality in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena Kalyvioti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Nicholaos I Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Spryros A Syggelos
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Despina Deligianni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Christos G Kontoyannis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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149
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Ahn SH, Park SY, Baek JE, Lee SY, Baek WY, Lee SY, Lee YS, Yoo HJ, Kim H, Lee SH, Im DS, Lee SK, Kim BJ, Koh JM. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (GPR120) Stimulates Bone Formation and Suppresses Bone Resorption in the Presence of Elevated n-3 Fatty Acid Levels. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2621-35. [PMID: 27145004 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) has been reported to be a receptor for n-3 fatty acids (FAs). Although n-3 FAs are beneficial for bone health, a role of FFA4 in bone metabolism has been rarely investigated. We noted that FFA4 was more abundantly expressed in both mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts than their respective precursors and that it was activated by docosahexaenoic acid. FFA4 knockout (Ffar4(-/-)) and wild-type mice exhibited similar bone masses when fed a normal diet. Because fat-1 transgenic (fat-1(Tg+)) mice endogenously converting n-6 to n-3 FAs contain high n-3 FA levels, we crossed Ffar4(-/-) and fat-1(Tg+) mice over two generations to generate four genotypes of mice littermates: Ffar4(+/+);fat-1(Tg-), Ffar4(+/+);fat-1(Tg+), Ffar4(-/-);fat-1(Tg-), and Ffar4(-/-);fat-1(Tg+). Female and male littermates were included in ovariectomy- and high-fat diet-induced bone loss models, respectively. Female fat-1(Tg+) mice decreased bone loss after ovariectomy both by promoting osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption than their wild-type littermates, only when they had the Ffar4(+/+) background, but not the Ffar4(-/-) background. In a high-fat diet-fed model, male fat-1(Tg+) mice had higher bone mass resulting from stimulated bone formation and reduced bone resorption than their wild-type littermates, only when they had the Ffar4(+/+) background, but not the Ffar4(-/-) background. In vitro studies supported the role of FFA4 as n-3 FA receptor in bone metabolism. In conclusion, FFA4 is a dual-acting factor that increases osteoblastic bone formation and decreases osteoclastic bone resorption, suggesting that it may be an ideal target for modulating metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Ji-Eun Baek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Su-Youn Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Wook-Young Baek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Hyeonmok Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.H.A.), Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences (S.-Y.P., J.-E.B., S.-Youn.L., W.-.Y.B., S.-Young.L., Y.-S.L.) and Biomedical Research Center (H.J.Y.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.K., S.H.L., B.-J.K., J.-M.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy (D.-S.I.), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; and UConn Center on Aging (S.-K.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601
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150
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Histing T, Andonyan A, Klein M, Scheuer C, Stenger D, Holstein JH, Veith NT, Pohlemann T, Menger MD. Obesity does not affect the healing of femur fractures in mice. Injury 2016; 47:1435-44. [PMID: 27156834 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reported to be both protective and deleterious to bone. Lipotoxicity and inflammation might be responsible for bone loss through inhibition of osteoblasts and activation of osteoclasts. However, little is known whether obesity affects the process of fracture healing. Therefore, we studied the effect of high fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity on callus formation and bone remodelling in a closed femur fracture model in mice. Thirty-one mice were fed a diet containing 60kJ% fat (HFD) for a total of 20 weeks before fracture and during the entire postoperative observation period. Control mice (n=31) received a standard diet containing 10kJ% fat. Healing was analyzed using micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, serum and protein biochemical analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after fracture. HFD-fed mice showed a higher body weight and increased serum concentrations of leptin and interleukin-6 compared to controls. Within the callus tissue Western blot analyses revealed a higher expression of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) and a reduced expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. However, obesity did not affect the expression of BMP-2 and did not influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway during fracture healing. Although the bones of HFD-fed animals showed an increased number of adipocytes within the bone marrow, HFD did not increase callus adiposity. In addition, radiological and histomorphometric analysis could also not detect significant differences in bone formation between HFD-fed animals and controls. Accordingly, HFD did not affect bending stiffness after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. These findings indicate that obesity does not affect femur fracture healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - A Andonyan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Klein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D Stenger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - N T Veith
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - T Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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