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Kobayashi N, Takahashi M, Kihara S, Niimi T, Yamashita O, Yaginuma T. Cloning of cDNA encoding a Bombyx mori homolog of human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) protein from diapause eggs, and analyses of its expression and function. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 68:58-68. [PMID: 25010546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanisms of diapause initiation, we used the sensitive cDNA subtraction (selective amplification via biotin- and restriction-mediated enrichment) method and isolated a novel gene expressed abundantly in diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which encodes a homolog of the human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) protein. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analyses confirmed that BmOXR1 mRNA and its 140-kDa protein were differentially expressed in diapause eggs compared to non-diapause eggs. OXR1 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was injected into diapause-destined eggs before the cellular blastoderm stage, and 4days later, when untreated eggs reached the diapause stage, the OXR1 protein disappeared; however, these eggs remained in diapause, suggesting that BmOXR1 is not essential for diapause initiation and/or maintenance. To further investigate the in vivo function of BmOXR1 apart from its role in diapause, we overexpressed BmOXR1 in Drosophila melanogaster. The fruit fly male adult life-span was significantly extended in the 50%-survival time when adults were reared on diets both with and without H2O2 solution under 25°C incubation. These results suggest that BmOXR1 functions in D. melanogaster via a possible antioxidant effect. As BmOXR1 was expressed mainly in the nuclei of D. melanogaster cells, the mechanism underlying its antioxidation effect appears to be different from that in humans where it is expressed mainly in the mitochondria. Taken together, these results suggest that BmOXR1 might serve as an antioxidant regulator during the early diapause stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shouhei Kihara
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Okitsugu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Yaginuma
- Laboratory of Sericulture & Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
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102
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Sanada Y, Asai S, Ikemoto A, Moriwaki T, Nakamura N, Miyaji M, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Oxidation resistance 1 is essential for protection against oxidative stress and participates in the regulation of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:919-28. [PMID: 24865925 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.927063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) functions in protection against oxidative damage and its homologs are highly conserved in eukaryotes examined so far, but its function still remains uncertain. In this study, we identified a homolog (LMD-3) of human OXR1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The expressed LMD-3 was able to suppress the mutator phenotypes of E. coli mutMmutY and mutT mutants. Purified LMD-3 did not have enzymatic activity against 8-oxoG, superoxide dismutase (SOD), or catalase activities. Interestingly, the expression of LMD-3 was able to suppress the methyl viologen or menadione sodium bisulfite-induced expression of soxS and sodA genes in E. coli. The sensitivity of the C. elegans lmd-3 mutant to oxidative and heat stress was markedly higher than that of the wild-type strain N2. These results suggest that LMD-3 protects cells against oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that the lifespan of the C. elegans lmd-3 mutant was significantly reduced compared with that of the N2, which was resulted from the acceleration of aging. We further examined the effects of deletions in other oxidative defense genes on the properties of the lmd-3 mutant. The deletion of sod-2 and sod-3, which are mitochondrial SODs, extended the lifespan of the lmd-3 mutant. These results indicate that, in cooperation with mitochondrial SODs, LMD-3 contributes to the protection against oxidative stress and aging in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sanada
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan
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103
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Azaiez H, Booth KT, Bu F, Huygen P, Shibata SB, Shearer AE, Kolbe D, Meyer N, Black-Ziegelbein EA, Smith RJH. TBC1D24 mutation causes autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:819-23. [PMID: 24729539 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss is extremely heterogeneous. Over 70 genes have been identified to date, and with the advent of massively parallel sequencing, the pace of novel gene discovery has accelerated. In a family segregating progressive autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL), we used OtoSCOPE® to exclude mutations in known deafness genes and then performed segregation mapping and whole-exome sequencing to identify a unique variant, p.Ser178Leu, in TBC1D24 that segregates with the hearing loss phenotype. TBC1D24 encodes a GTPase-activating protein expressed in the cochlea. Ser178 is highly conserved across vertebrates and its change is predicted to be damaging. Other variants in TBC1D24 have been associated with a panoply of clinical symptoms including autosomal recessive NSHL, syndromic hearing impairment associated with onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures (DOORS syndrome), and a wide range of epileptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Azaiez
- Molecular Otolaryngology & Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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104
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Fogel BL, Cho E, Wahnich A, Gao F, Becherel OJ, Wang X, Fike F, Chen L, Criscuolo C, De Michele G, Filla A, Collins A, Hahn AF, Gatti RA, Konopka G, Perlman S, Lavin MF, Geschwind DH, Coppola G. Mutation of senataxin alters disease-specific transcriptional networks in patients with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4758-69. [PMID: 24760770 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senataxin, encoded by the SETX gene, contributes to multiple aspects of gene expression, including transcription and RNA processing. Mutations in SETX cause the recessive disorder ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) and a dominant juvenile form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4). To assess the functional role of senataxin in disease, we examined differential gene expression in AOA2 patient fibroblasts, identifying a core set of genes showing altered expression by microarray and RNA-sequencing. To determine whether AOA2 and ALS4 mutations differentially affect gene expression, we overexpressed disease-specific SETX mutations in senataxin-haploinsufficient fibroblasts and observed changes in distinct sets of genes. This implicates mutation-specific alterations of senataxin function in disease pathogenesis and provides a novel example of allelic neurogenetic disorders with differing gene expression profiles. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) demonstrated these senataxin-associated genes to be involved in both mutation-specific and shared functional gene networks. To assess this in vivo, we performed gene expression analysis on peripheral blood from members of 12 different AOA2 families and identified an AOA2-specific transcriptional signature. WGCNA identified two gene modules highly enriched for this transcriptional signature in the peripheral blood of all AOA2 patients studied. These modules were disease-specific and preserved in patient fibroblasts and in the cerebellum of Setx knockout mice demonstrating conservation across species and cell types, including neurons. These results identify novel genes and cellular pathways related to senataxin function in normal and disease states, and implicate alterations in gene expression as underlying the phenotypic differences between AOA2 and ALS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Fogel
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and
| | - Ellen Cho
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and
| | | | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olivier J Becherel
- Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia
| | - Xizhe Wang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and
| | | | - Leslie Chen
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Abigail Collins
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelika F Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Richard A Gatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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105
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Rehman AU, Santos-Cortez RLP, Morell RJ, Drummond MC, Ito T, Lee K, Khan AA, Basra MAR, Wasif N, Ayub M, Ali RA, Raza SI, Nickerson DA, Shendure J, Bamshad M, Riazuddin S, Billington N, Khan SN, Friedman PL, Griffith AJ, Ahmad W, Riazuddin S, Leal SM, Friedman TB. Mutations in TBC1D24, a gene associated with epilepsy, also cause nonsyndromic deafness DFNB86. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:144-52. [PMID: 24387994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited deafness is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. We recently mapped DFNB86, a locus associated with nonsyndromic deafness, to chromosome 16p. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed with genomic DNA from affected individuals from three large consanguineous families in which markers linked to DFNB86 segregate with profound deafness. Analyses of these data revealed homozygous mutation c.208G>T (p.Asp70Tyr) or c.878G>C (p.Arg293Pro) in TBC1D24 as the underlying cause of deafness in the three families. Sanger sequence analysis of TBC1D24 in an additional large family in which deafness segregates with DFNB86 identified the c.208G>T (p.Asp70Tyr) substitution. These mutations affect TBC1D24 amino acid residues that are conserved in orthologs ranging from fruit fly to human. Neither variant was observed in databases of single-nucleotide variants or in 634 chromosomes from ethnically matched control subjects. TBC1D24 in the mouse inner ear was immunolocalized predominantly to spiral ganglion neurons, indicating that DFNB86 deafness might be an auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Previously, six recessive mutations in TBC1D24 were reported to cause seizures (hearing loss was not reported) ranging in severity from epilepsy with otherwise normal development to epileptic encephalopathy resulting in childhood death. Two of our four families in which deafness segregates with mutant alleles of TBC1D24 were available for neurological examination. Cosegregation of epilepsy and deafness was not observed in these two families. Although the causal relationship between genotype and phenotype is not presently understood, our findings, combined with published data, indicate that recessive alleles of TBC1D24 can cause either epilepsy or nonsyndromic deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atteeq U Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Meghan C Drummond
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Taku Ito
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asma A Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim R Basra
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Rana A Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Syed I Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaheen N Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | | | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical College and Jinnah Hospital Complex, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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106
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Li Y, Li W, Liu C, Yan M, Raman I, Du Y, Fang X, Zhou XJ, Mohan C, Li QZ. Delivering Oxidation Resistance-1 (OXR1) to Mouse Kidney by Genetic Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibited Enhanced Protection against Nephrotoxic Serum Induced Renal Injury and Lupus Nephritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4. [PMID: 25995969 PMCID: PMC4435960 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) gene. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of immune-mediated nephritis. Recently we identified oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) is conventionally expressed in eukaryotes and has an ability to prevent oxidative damage caused by various oxidative stresses. However the protective effect of OXR1 in immune-associated inflammatory response and oxidative damage is not clear and will be investigated in this study. METHODS We utilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as vehicles to carry OXR1 into the injured kidneys of nephritis model mice and investigated the influence of OXR1 on glomerulonephritis. Human OXR1 gene was integrated into genome of MSCs via lentiviral vector, and established hOXR1-MSC cell line which still maintains the differentiation property. 129/svj mice with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) challenge and spontaneous lupus mice B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 were injected with hOXR1-MSCs (i.v. injection) to evaluate the function of hOXR1. Immunohistochemistry was used to appraise the renal pathology and Tunel staining was applied to detect cell apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with control mice, hOXR1-MSCs administration showed significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria and ameliorated renal pathological damage. hOXR1-MSCs transplantation significantly reduced macrophage and T lymphocyte infiltration by inhibiting the expression of CCL2, CCL7, IL-1β, IL-6 and NFκB in mouse kidney. Moreover, hOXR1-MSCs prevented hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and its implantation reduced nitric oxide (NO) in mouse serum and urine to inhibit tubular cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION OXR1-MSCs transplantation may exert a certain protective effect on nephritis by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China ; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Indu Raman
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin J Zhou
- Renal Path Diagnostics, Pathologist BioMedical Laboratories, Lewisville, TX, 75067, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou, 325035, China ; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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107
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D’Amico E, Factor-Litvak P, Santella RM, Mitsumoto H. Clinical perspective on oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:509-527. [PMID: 23797033 PMCID: PMC3859834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most devastating neurological diseases; most patients die within 3 to 4 years after symptom onset. Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance favoring the pro-oxidative state. Autopsy and laboratory studies in ALS indicate that oxidative stress plays a major role in motor neuron degeneration and astrocyte dysfunction. Oxidative stress biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine are elevated, suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress is generated outside of the central nervous system. Our review indicates that agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, military service, professional sports, excessive physical exertion, chronic head trauma, and certain foods might be modestly associated with ALS risk, with a stronger association between risk and smoking. At the cellular level, these factors are all involved in generating oxidative stress. Experimental studies indicate that a combination of insults that induce modest oxidative stress can exert additive deleterious effects on motor neurons, suggesting that multiple exposures in real-world environments are important. As the disease progresses, nutritional deficiency, cachexia, psychological stress, and impending respiratory failure may further increase oxidative stress. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that ALS is possibly a systemic disease. Laboratory, pathologic, and epidemiologic evidence clearly supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is central in the pathogenic process, particularly in genetically susceptive individuals. If we are to improve ALS treatment, well-designed biochemical and genetic epidemiological studies, combined with a multidisciplinary research approach, are needed and will provide knowledge crucial to our understanding of ALS etiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032, ;
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032
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108
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Campeau PM, Kasperaviciute D, Lu JT, Burrage LC, Kim C, Hori M, Powell BR, Stewart F, Félix TM, van den Ende J, Wisniewska M, Kayserili H, Rump P, Nampoothiri S, Aftimos S, Mey A, Nair LDV, Begleiter ML, De Bie I, Meenakshi G, Murray ML, Repetto GM, Golabi M, Blair E, Male A, Giuliano F, Kariminejad A, Newman WG, Bhaskar SS, Dickerson JE, Kerr B, Banka S, Giltay JC, Wieczorek D, Tostevin A, Wiszniewska J, Cheung SW, Hennekam RC, Gibbs RA, Lee BH, Sisodiya SM. The genetic basis of DOORS syndrome: an exome-sequencing study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 13:44-58. [PMID: 24291220 PMCID: PMC3895324 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures (DOORS) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown cause. We aimed to identify the genetic basis of this syndrome by sequencing most coding exons in affected individuals. Methods Through a search of available case studies and communication with collaborators, we identified families that included at least one individual with at least three of the five main features of the DOORS syndrome: deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, intellectual disability, and seizures. Participants were recruited from 26 centres in 17 countries. Families described in this study were enrolled between Dec 1, 2010, and March 1, 2013. Collaborating physicians enrolling participants obtained clinical information and DNA samples from the affected child and both parents if possible. We did whole-exome sequencing in affected individuals as they were enrolled, until we identified a candidate gene, and Sanger sequencing to confirm mutations. We did expression studies in human fibroblasts from one individual by real-time PCR and western blot analysis, and in mouse tissues by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Findings 26 families were included in the study. We did exome sequencing in the first 17 enrolled families; we screened for TBC1D24 by Sanger sequencing in subsequent families. We identified TBC1D24 mutations in 11 individuals from nine families (by exome sequencing in seven families, and Sanger sequencing in two families). 18 families had individuals with all five main features of DOORS syndrome, and TBC1D24 mutations were identified in half of these families. The seizure types in individuals with TBC1D24 mutations included generalised tonic-clonic, complex partial, focal clonic, and infantile spasms. Of the 18 individuals with DOORS syndrome from 17 families without TBC1D24 mutations, eight did not have seizures and three did not have deafness. In expression studies, some mutations abrogated TBC1D24 mRNA stability. We also detected Tbc1d24 expression in mouse phalangeal chondrocytes and calvaria, which suggests a role of TBC1D24 in skeletogenesis. Interpretation Our findings suggest that mutations in TBC1D24 seem to be an important cause of DOORS syndrome and can cause diverse phenotypes. Thus, individuals with DOORS syndrome without deafness and seizures but with the other features should still be screened for TBC1D24 mutations. More information is needed to understand the cellular roles of TBC1D24 and identify the genes responsible for DOORS phenotypes in individuals who do not have a mutation in TBC1D24. Funding US National Institutes of Health, the CIHR (Canada), the NIHR (UK), the Wellcome Trust, the Henry Smith Charity, and Action Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - James T Lu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Choel Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mutsuki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Fiona Stewart
- Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Têmis Maria Félix
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jenneke van den Ende
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marzena Wisniewska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznañ University of Medical Sciences, Poznañ, Poland
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | - Salim Aftimos
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand-Northern Hub, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antje Mey
- Pediatric Neurology, Braunschweig Hospital, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lal D V Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Michael L Begleiter
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Isabelle De Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Girish Meenakshi
- Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mitzi L Murray
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Center for Human Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mahin Golabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Male
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Centre Référence Anomalie Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | | | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Centre for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sanjeev S Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Centre for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan E Dickerson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Centre for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Centre for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Centre for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacques C Giltay
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Tostevin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Joanna Wiszniewska
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics and Translational Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institutes, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Buckinghamshire, UK.
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109
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Schauwecker PE. Microarray-assisted fine mapping of quantitative trait loci on chromosome 15 for susceptibility to seizure-induced cell death in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:3679-90. [PMID: 24001120 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies with crosses of the FVB/NJ (FVB; seizure-induced cell death-susceptible) mouse and the C57BL/6J (B6; seizure-induced cell death-resistant) mouse revealed the presence of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 that influenced susceptibility to kainic acid-induced cell death (Sicd2). In an earlier study, we confirmed that the Sicd2 interval harbors gene(s) conferring strong protection against seizure-induced cell death through the creation of the FVB.B6-Sicd2 congenic strain, and created three interval-specific congenic lines (ISCLs) that encompass Sicd2 on chromosome 15 to fine-map this locus. To further localise this Sicd2 QTL, an additional congenic line carrying overlapping intervals of the B6 segment was created (ISCL-4), and compared with the previously created ISCL-1-ISCL-3 and assessed for seizure-induced cell death phenotype. Whereas all of the ISCLs showed reduced cell death associated with the B6 phenotype, ISCL-4, showed the most extensive reduction in seizure-induced cell death throughout all hippocampal subfields. In order to characterise the susceptibility loci on Sicd2 by use of this ISCL and identify compelling candidate genes, we undertook an integrative genomic strategy of comparing exon transcript abundance in the hippocampus of this newly developed chromosome 15 subcongenic line (ISCL-4) and FVB-like littermates. We identified 10 putative candidate genes that are alternatively spliced between the strains and may govern strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to seizure-induced excitotoxic cell death. These results illustrate the importance of identifying transcriptomics variants in expression studies, and implicate novel candidate genes conferring susceptibility to seizure-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Schauwecker
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1333 San Pablo Street, BMT 403, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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110
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Moriwaki T, Kato S, Kato Y, Hosoki A, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Extension of lifespan and protection against oxidative stress by an antioxidant herb mixture complex (KPG-7) in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:81-8. [PMID: 24062604 PMCID: PMC3774924 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species within cells results in oxidative stress. Furthermore, accumulation of reactive oxygen species has been shown to reduce cell longevity. Many dietary supplements are believed to have anti-aging effects. The herb mixture KPG-7 contains several components with antioxidant activity. We aim to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant activity of KPG-7 and to establish whether KPG-7 has an anti-aging effect. We examined whether dietary supplementation with KPG-7 could provide protection against oxidative stress, extend lifespan, and delay aging in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We found that KPG-7 extended lifespan and delayed aging in adult C. elegans. The expression of oxidation resistance 1 protein was induced by juglone and this effect was significantly suppressed in KPG-7-treated. In addition, the amount of oxidized protein was significantly lower in KPG-7-treated worms than untreated worms. Furthermore, locomotive activity was increased in C. elegans at 3 days of age following the treatment with KPG-7. On the other hand, the level of cellular ATP was lower at 3 days of age in worms treated with KPG-7 than in untreated worms. KPG-7 increases lifespan and delays aging in C. elegans, well corresponding to its activity to protect against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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111
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Mutations in the IMD pathway and mustard counter Vibrio cholerae suppression of intestinal stem cell division in Drosophila. mBio 2013; 4:e00337-13. [PMID: 23781070 PMCID: PMC3684835 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00337-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an estuarine bacterium and an intestinal pathogen of humans that causes severe epidemic diarrhea. In the absence of adequate mammalian models in which to study the interaction of V. cholerae with the host intestinal innate immune system, we have implemented Drosophila melanogaster as a surrogate host. We previously showed that immune deficiency pathway loss-of-function and mustard gain-of-function mutants are less susceptible to V. cholerae infection. We find that although the overall burden of intestinal bacteria is not significantly different from that of control flies, intestinal stem cell (ISC) division is increased in these mutants. This led us to examine the effect of V. cholerae on ISC division. We report that V. cholerae infection and cholera toxin decrease ISC division. Because IMD pathway and Mustard mutants, which are resistant to V. cholerae, maintain higher levels of ISC division during V. cholerae infection, we hypothesize that suppression of ISC division is a virulence strategy of V. cholerae and that accelerated epithelial regeneration protects the host against V. cholerae. Extension of these findings to mammals awaits the development of an adequate experimental model.
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112
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Stacpoole SRL, Webber DJ, Bilican B, Compston A, Chandran S, Franklin RJM. Neural precursor cells cultured at physiologically relevant oxygen tensions have a survival advantage following transplantation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:464-72. [PMID: 23677643 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, in vitro stem cell systems have used oxygen tensions that are far removed from the in vivo situation. This is particularly true for the central nervous system, where oxygen (O2) levels range from 8% at the pia to 0.5% in the midbrain, whereas cells are usually cultured in a 20% O2 environment. Cell transplantation strategies therefore typically introduce a stress challenge at the time of transplantation as the cells are switched from 20% to 3% O2 (the average in adult organs). We have modeled the oxygen stress that occurs during transplantation, demonstrating that in vitro transfer of neonatal rat cortical neural precursor cells (NPCs) from a 20% to a 3% O2 environment results in significant cell death, whereas maintenance at 3% O2 is protective. This survival benefit translates to the in vivo environment, where culture of NPCs at 3% rather than 20% O2 approximately doubles survival in the immediate post-transplantation phase. Furthermore, NPC fate is affected by culture at low, physiological O2 tensions (3%), with particularly marked effects on the oligodendrocyte lineage, both in vitro and in vivo. We propose that careful consideration of physiological oxygen environments, and particularly changes in oxygen tension, has relevance for the practical approaches to cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybil R L Stacpoole
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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113
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Laroche FJF, Tulotta C, Lamers GEM, Meijer AH, Yang P, Verbeek FJ, Blaise M, Stougaard J, Spaink HP. The embryonic expression patterns of zebrafish genes encoding LysM-domains. Gene Expr Patterns 2013; 13:212-24. [PMID: 23567754 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The function and structure of LysM-domain containing proteins are very diverse. Although some LysM domains are able to bind peptidoglycan or chitin type carbohydrates in bacteria, in fungi and in plants, the function(s) of vertebrate LysM domains and proteins remains largely unknown. In this study we have identified and annotated the six zebrafish genes of this family, which encode at least ten conceptual LysM-domain containing proteins. Two distinct sub-families called LysMD and OXR were identified and shown to be highly conserved across vertebrates. The detailed characterization of LysMD and OXR gene expression in zebrafish embryos showed that all the members of these sub-families are strongly expressed maternally and zygotically from the earliest stages of a vertebrate embryonic development. Moreover, the analysis of the spatio-temporal expression patterns, by whole mount and fluorescent in situ hybridizations, demonstrates pronounced LysMD and OXR gene expression in the zebrafish brain and nervous system during stages of larval development. None of the zebrafish LysMD or OXR genes was responsive to challenge with bacterial pathogens in embryo models of Salmonella and Mycobacterium infections. In addition, the expression patterns of the OXR genes were mapped in a zebrafish brain atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J F Laroche
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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114
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Murray AR, Chen Q, Takahashi Y, Zhou KK, Park K, Ma JX. MicroRNA-200b downregulates oxidation resistance 1 (Oxr1) expression in the retina of type 1 diabetes model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:1689-97. [PMID: 23404117 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and are involved in multiple pathogenic processes. Here, we identified miRNA expression changes in the retinas of Akita mice, a genetic model of type 1 diabetes, and investigated the potential role of miRNA in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Visual function of Akita and control mice was evaluated by electroretinography. MiRNA expression changes in the retinas of Akita mice were identified by miRNA-specific microarray and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The potential downstream targets of identified miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic analysis using web-based applications and confirmed by dual luciferase assay. The mRNA and protein changes of identified downstream targets were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS MiRNA-specific microarray and qRT-PCR showed that miR-200b was upregulated significantly in the Akita mouse retina. Sequence analysis and luciferase assay identified oxidation resistance 1 (Oxr1) as a downstream target gene regulated by miR-200b. In a human Müller cell line, MIO-M1, transfection of a miR-200b mimic downregulated Oxr1 expression. Conversely, transfection of MIO-M1 with a miR-200b inhibitor resulted in upregulated Oxr1. Furthermore, overexpression of recombinant Oxr1 attenuated oxidative stress marker, nitration of cellular proteins, and ameliorated apoptosis induced by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an oxidative stressor. Similarly, transfection of a miR-200b inhibitor decreased, whereas transfection of miR-200b mimic increased the number of apoptotic cells following 4-HNE treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that miR-200b-regulated Oxr1 potentially has a protective role in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Murray
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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115
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Munch HK, Rasmussen JE, Popa G, Christensen JB, Jensen KJ. Site-selective three-component reaction for dual-functionalization of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1936-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Jardeleza C, Jones D, Baker L, Miljkovic D, Boase S, Tan NCW, Vreugde S, Tan LW, Wormald PJ. Gene expression differences in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulation point to an altered innate immune response in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2012; 3:193-8. [PMID: 23136082 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex interplay between host, environment, and microbe in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. This study focuses on the host-microbe interaction, specifically the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against the pathogenic organism Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). NO and ROS play crucial roles in innate immunity and in the first-line defense against microbial invasion. METHODS Sinonasal tissue samples were harvested from CRS and control patients during surgery. CRS patients were classified S. aureus biofilm-positive (B+) or biofilm-negative (B-) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and clinically as polyp-positive (P+) or polyp-negative (P-). Samples were assessed using an NO polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array containing 84 genes involved in NO and ROS regulation, and gene expression of all subgroups were compared to each other. RESULTS Twenty-three samples were analyzed with 31 genes significantly changed, the greatest seen in the B+P+ CRS patients. Four genes consistently displayed differential expression between the groups including the cytoprotective oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2), and the prion protein (PRNP) genes. CONCLUSION Alteration in gene expression points to impaired innate immune responses differing among CRS subgroups based on S. aureus biofilm and polyp status. The consistent alteration of 4 genes among distinct groups demonstrates that S. aureus biofilms and polyps are associated with specific changes in gene expression. Further studies are required to validate these findings in a wider cohort of patients and correlate this to protein expression and disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jardeleza
- Department of Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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117
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Murphy KC, Volkert MR. Structural/functional analysis of the human OXR1 protein: identification of exon 8 as the anti-oxidant encoding function. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:26. [PMID: 22873401 PMCID: PMC3462732 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human OXR1 gene belongs to a class of genes with conserved functions that protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). The gene was found using a screen of a human cDNA library by its ability to suppress the spontaneous mutator phenotype of an E. coli mutH nth strain. The function of OXR1 is unknown. The human and yeast genes are induced by oxidative stress and targeted to the mitochondria; the yeast gene is required for resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Multiple spliced isoforms are expressed in a variety of human tissues, including brain. Results In this report, we use a papillation assay that measures spontaneous mutagenesis of an E. coli mutM mutY strain, a host defective for oxidative DNA repair. Papillation frequencies with this strain are dependent upon a G→T transversion in the lacZ gene (a mutation known to occur as a result of oxidative damage) and are suppressed by in vivo expression of human OXR1. N-terminal, C-terminal and internal deletions of the OXR1 gene were constructed and tested for suppression of the mutagenic phenotype of the mutM mutY strain. We find that the TLDc domain, encoded by the final four exons of the OXR1 gene, is not required for papillation suppression in E. coli. Instead, we show that the protein segment encoded by exon 8 of OXR1 is responsible for the suppression of oxidative damage in E. coli. Conclusion The protein segment encoded by OXR1 exon 8 plays an important role in the anti-oxidative function of the human OXR1 protein. This result suggests that the TLDc domain, found in OXR1 exons 12–16 and common in many proteins with nuclear function, has an alternate (undefined) role other than oxidative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan C Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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118
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Ondovcik SL, Tamblyn L, McPherson JP, Wells PG. Oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) protects cells from DNA double-strand break damage following methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:272-83. [PMID: 22523232 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin, teratogen, and probable carcinogen, but the underlying mechanisms of its actions remain unclear. Although MeHg causes several types of DNA damage, the toxicological consequences of this macromolecular damage are unknown. MeHg enhances oxidative stress, which can cause various oxidative DNA lesions that are primarily repaired by oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Herein, we compared the response of wild-type and OGG1 null (Ogg1(-/-)) murine embryonic fibroblasts to environmentally relevant, low micromolar concentrations of MeHg by measuring clonogenic efficiency, cell cycle arrest, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and activation of the DNA damage response pathway.Ogg1(-/-) cells exhibited greater sensitivity to MeHg than wild-type controls, as measured by the clonogenic assay, and showed a greater propensity for MeHg-initiated apoptosis. Both wild-type and Ogg1(-/-) cells underwent cell cycle arrest when exposed to micromolar concentrations of MeHg; however, the extent of DSBs was exacerbated in Ogg1(-/-) cells compared with that in wild-type controls. Pretreatment with the antioxidative enzyme catalase reduced levels of DSBs in both wild-type and Ogg1(-/-) cells but failed to block MeHg-initiated apoptosis at micromolar concentrations. Our findings implicate reactive oxygen species mediated DNA damage in the mechanism of MeHg toxicity; and demonstrate for the first time that impaired DNA repair capacity enhances cellular sensitivity to MeHg. Accordingly, the genotoxic properties of MeHg may contribute to its neurotoxic and teratogenic effects, and an individual's response to oxidative stress and DNA damage may constitute an important determinant of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Ondovcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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119
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Wang Z, Berkey CD, Watnick PI. The Drosophila protein mustard tailors the innate immune response activated by the immune deficiency pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:3993-4000. [PMID: 22427641 PMCID: PMC3324637 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a Drosophila melanogaster transposon insertion mutant with tolerance to Vibrio cholerae infection and markedly decreased transcription of diptericin as well as other genes regulated by the immune deficiency innate immunity signaling pathway. We present genetic evidence that this insertion affects a locus previously implicated in pupal eclosion. This genetic locus, which we have named mustard (mtd), contains a LysM domain, often involved in carbohydrate recognition, and a TLDc domain of unknown function. More than 20 Mtd isoforms containing one or both of these conserved domains are predicted. We establish that the mutant phenotype represents a gain of function and can be replicated by increased expression of a short, nuclearly localized Mtd isoform comprised almost entirely of the TLDc domain. We show that this Mtd isoform does not block Relish cleavage or translocation into the nucleus. Lastly, we present evidence suggesting that the eclosion defect previously attributed to the Mtd locus may be the result of the unopposed action of the NF-κB homolog, Relish. Mtd homologs have been implicated in resistance to oxidative stress. However, to our knowledge this is the first evidence that Mtd or its homologs alter the output of an innate immunity signaling cascade from within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
| | - Cristin D. Berkey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
| | - Paula I. Watnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
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Blaise M, Alsarraf HMAB, Wong JEMM, Midtgaard SR, Laroche F, Schack L, Spaink H, Stougaard J, Thirup S. Crystal structure of the TLDc domain of oxidation resistance protein 2 from zebrafish. Proteins 2012; 80:1694-8. [PMID: 22434723 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation resistance proteins (OXR) help to protect eukaryotes from reactive oxygen species. The sole C-terminal domain of the OXR, named TLDc is sufficient to perform this function. However, the mechanism by which oxidation resistance occurs is poorly understood. We present here the crystal structure of the TLDc domain of the oxidation resistance protein 2 from zebrafish. The structure was determined by X-ray crystallography to atomic resolution (0.97Å) and adopts an overall globular shape. Two antiparallel β-sheets form a central β-sandwich, surrounded by two helices and two one-turn helices. The fold shares low structural similarity to known structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Blaise
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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