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Modulating Regional Motor Cortical Excitability with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Results in Neurochemical Changes in Bilateral Motor Cortices. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7327-7336. [PMID: 30030397 PMCID: PMC6096041 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2853-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning a novel motor skill is dependent both on regional changes within the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the active hand and also on modulation between and within anatomically distant but functionally connected brain regions. Interregional changes are particularly important in functional recovery after stroke, when critical plastic changes underpinning behavioral improvements are observed in both ipsilesional and contralesional M1s. It is increasingly understood that reduction in GABA in the contralateral M1 is necessary to allow learning of a motor task. However, the physiological mechanisms underpinning plasticity within other brain regions, most importantly the ipsilateral M1, are not well understood. Here, we used concurrent two-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy to simultaneously quantify changes in neurochemicals within left and right M1s in healthy humans of both sexes in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to left M1. We demonstrated a decrease in GABA in both the stimulated (left) and nonstimulated (right) M1 after anodal tDCS, whereas a decrease in GABA was only observed in nonstimulated M1 after cathodal stimulation. This GABA decrease in the nonstimulated M1 during cathodal tDCS was negatively correlated with microstructure of M1:M1 callosal fibers, as quantified by diffusion MRI, suggesting that structural features of these fibers may mediate GABA decrease in the unstimulated region. We found no significant changes in glutamate. Together, these findings shed light on the interactions between the two major network nodes underpinning motor plasticity, offering a potential framework from which to optimize future interventions to improve motor function after stroke. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning of new motor skills depends on modulation both within and between brain regions. Here, we use a novel two-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach to quantify GABA and glutamate changes concurrently within the left and right primary motor cortex (M1) during three commonly used transcranial direct current stimulation montages: anodal, cathodal, and bilateral. We also examined how the neurochemical changes in the unstimulated hemisphere were related to white matter microstructure between the two M1s. Our results provide insights into the neurochemical changes underlying motor plasticity and may therefore assist in the development of further adjunct therapies.
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Yu X, Jiaerken Y, Xu X, Jackson A, Huang P, Yang L, Yuan L, Lou M, Jiang Q, Zhang M. Abnormal corpus callosum induced by diabetes impairs sensorimotor connectivity in patients after acute stroke. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:115-123. [PMID: 29926208 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that abnormal corpus callosum (CC) induced by diabetes may impair inter-hemispheric sensorimotor functional connectivity (FC) that is associated with poor clinical outcome after stroke. METHODS Forty-five patients with acute ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory and 14 normal controls participated in the study. CC was divided into five subregions on three-dimensional T1-weighted image. The microstructural integrity of each subregion of CC was analysed by DTI and the inter-hemispheric FCs in primary motor cortex (M1-M1 FC) and primary sensory cortex (S1-S1 FC) were examined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Diabetic patients (n = 26) had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the isthmus of CC (CCisthmus) when compared with non-diabetic patients (n = 19) and normal controls (p < 0.0001). In addition, diabetic patients had the lowest M1-M1 FC (p = 0.015) and S1-S1 FC (p = 0.001). In diabetic patients, reduced FA of CCisthmus correlated with decreased M1-M1 FC (r = 0.549, p = 0.004) and S1-S1 FC (r = 0.507, p = 0.008). Decreased M1-M1 FC was independently associated with poor outcome after stroke in patients with diabetes (odds ratio = 0.448, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS CC degeneration induced by diabetes impairs sensorimotor connectivity and dysfunction of motor connectivity can contribute to poor recovery after stroke in patients with diabetes. KEY POINTS • Abnormal isthmus of corpus callosum in stroke patients with diabetes. • Abnormal isthmus of corpus callosum correlated with decreased inter-hemispheric sensorimotor connectivity. • Decreased motor connectivity correlated with poor stroke outcome in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Alan Jackson
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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103
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Tang Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Fan X, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Wang F, Wei S. Age-specific effects of structural and functional connectivity in prefrontal-amygdala circuitry in women with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:177. [PMID: 29871591 PMCID: PMC5989351 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness. Several studies have shown that brain structure and function changes and the development of BD are associated with age and sex differences. Therefore, we hypothesized that the functional and structural neural circuitry of BD patients would differ according to age. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are play a key role in the emotional and cognitive processing of patients with BD. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the structural and functional connectivity within amygdala-PFC neural circuitry in women with BD at different ages. METHODS Forty-nine female patients with BD who were aged 13-25 years and 60 age-matched healthy control (HC) individuals, as well as 43 female patients with BD who were aged 26-45 years and 60 age-matched HC individuals underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging to examine the structural and functional connectivity within the amygdala-PFC neural circuitry. RESULTS We found abnormalities in the amygdala-PFC functional connectivity in patients aged 13-25 years and significantly different fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients aged 26-45 compared with the age-matched HCs. The significance of these findings was indicated by corrected p values of less than 0.05 (uncorrected p values less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings in this cross-sectional study suggested that abnormalities in the functional connectivity of the amygdala-PFC neural circuitry are related to the pathophysiology of BD in women aged 13-25 years, while changes in the structural integrity of this neural circuitry are associated with the pathophysiology of BD in women aged 26-45 years. Therefore, functional and structural brain alterations may occur at different ages in female patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Tang
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eBrain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinzhu Ma
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Fan
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eBrain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- 0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Lee BY, Kim J, Connor JR, Podskalny GD, Ryu Y, Yang QX. Involvement of the central somatosensory system in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 2018; 90:e1834-e1841. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate morphologic changes in the somatosensory cortex and the thickness of the corpus callosum subdivisions that provide interhemispheric connections between the 2 somatosensory cortical areas.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms and 51 age-matched healthy controls were examined with high-resolution MRI at 3.0 tesla. The vertex-wise analysis in conjunction with a novel cortical surface classification method was performed to assess the cortical thickness across the whole-brain structures. In addition, the thickness of the midbody of the corpus callosum that links postcentral gyri in the 2 hemispheres was measured.ResultsWe demonstrated that a morphologic change occurred in the brain somatosensory system in patients with RLS compared to controls. Patients with RLS exhibited a 7.5% decrease in average cortical thickness in the bilateral postcentral gyrus (p < 0.0001). Accordingly, there was a substantial decrease in the corpus callosum posterior midbody (p < 0.008) wherein the callosal fibers are connected to the postcentral gyrus, suggesting altered white matter properties in the somatosensory pathway.ConclusionOur results provide in vivo evidence of morphologic changes in the primary somatosensory system, which could be responsible for the sensory functional symptoms of RLS. These results provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the RLS sensory symptoms and could lead to a potential imaging marker for RLS.
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105
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Zivari Adab H, Chalavi S, Beets IAM, Gooijers J, Leunissen I, Cheval B, Collier Q, Sijbers J, Jeurissen B, Swinnen SP, Boisgontier MP. White matter microstructural organisation of interhemispheric pathways predicts different stages of bimanual coordination learning in young and older adults. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:446-459. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zivari Adab
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sima Chalavi
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
| | - Iseult A. M. Beets
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
- BrainCTR; Lilid bvba; Diest Belgium
| | - Jolien Gooijers
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
| | - Inge Leunissen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Jan Sijbers
- iMinds Vision Lab; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- iMinds Vision Lab; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Stephan P. Swinnen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group; Department of Movement Sciences; KU Leuven; Tervuurse Vest 101 Leuven Belgium
- Brain Behavior Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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106
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Kwong PWH, Ng GYF, Chung RCK, Ng SSM. Bilateral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Improves Lower-Limb Motor Function in Subjects With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007341. [PMID: 29437598 PMCID: PMC5850185 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used to augment the efficacy of task-oriented training (TOT) after stroke. Bilateral intervention approaches have also been shown to be effective in augmenting motor function after stroke. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of bilateral TENS combined with TOT versus unilateral TENS combined with TOT in improving lower-limb motor function in subjects with chronic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to bilateral TENS+TOT or to unilateral TENS+TOT and underwent 20 sessions of training over a 10-week period. The outcome measures included the maximal strength of the lower-limb muscles and the results of the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test, Berg Balance Scale, Step Test, and Timed Up and Go test. Each participant was assessed at baseline, after 10 and 20 sessions of training and 3 months after the cessation of training. The subjects in the bilateral TENS+TOT group showed greater improvement in paretic ankle dorsiflexion strength (β=1.32; P=0.032) and in the completion time for the Timed Up and Go test (β=-1.54; P=0.004) than those in the unilateral TENS+TOT group. However, there were no significant between-group differences for other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The application of bilateral TENS over the common peroneal nerve combined with TOT was superior to the application of unilateral TENS combined with TOT in improving paretic ankle dorsiflexion strength after 10 sessions of training and in improving the completion time for the Timed Up and Go test after 20 sessions of training. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02152813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W H Kwong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Gabriel Y F Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond C K Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shamay S M Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Chen G, Carter RE, Cleary JD, Reid TS, Ranum LP, Swanson MS, Ebner TJ. Altered levels of the splicing factor muscleblind modifies cerebral cortical function in mouse models of myotonic dystrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 112:35-48. [PMID: 29331264 PMCID: PMC5859959 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a progressive, multisystem disorder affecting skeletal muscle, heart, and central nervous system. In both DM1 and DM2, microsatellite expansions of CUG and CCUG RNA repeats, respectively, accumulate and disrupt functions of alternative splicing factors, including muscleblind (MBNL) proteins. Grey matter loss and white matter changes, including the corpus callosum, likely underlie cognitive and executive function deficits in DM patients. However, little is known how cerebral cortical circuitry changes in DM. Here, flavoprotein optical imaging was used to assess local and contralateral responses to intracortical motor cortex stimulation in DM-related mouse models. In control mice, brief train stimulation generated ipsilateral and contralateral homotopic fluorescence increases, the latter mediated by the corpus callosum. Single pulse stimulation produced an excitatory response with an inhibitory-like surround response mediated by GABAA receptors. In a mouse model of DM2 (Mbnl2 KO), we observed prolonged and increased responsiveness to train stimulation and loss of the inhibition from single pulse stimulation. Conversely, mice overexpressing human MBNL1 (MBNL1-OE) exhibited decreased contralateral response to train stimulation and reduction of inhibitory-like surround to single pulse stimulation. Therefore, altering levels of two key DM-associated splicing factors modifies functions of local cortical circuits and contralateral responses mediated through the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D Cleary
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tammy S Reid
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura P Ranum
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maurice S Swanson
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Pak ME, Jung DH, Lee HJ, Shin MJ, Kim SY, Shin YB, Yun YJ, Shin HK, Choi BT. Combined therapy involving electroacupuncture and treadmill exercise attenuates demyelination in the corpus callosum by stimulating oligodendrogenesis in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Exp Neurol 2017; 300:222-231. [PMID: 29199131 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) and treadmill (TM) exercise improve behaviors related to motor and memory dysfunction in a cerebral palsy-like rat model via activation of oligodendrogenesis. A neonatal hypoxia-ischemia model was created using Sprague-Dawley rats (P7), and these underwent EA stimulation and treadmill training from 3 to 5weeks after hypoxia-ischemia induction. EA treatment was delivered via electrical stimulation (2Hz, 1mA) at two acupoints, Baihui (GV20) and Zusanli (ST36). Behavioral tests showed that EA alleviated motor dysfunction caused by hypoxia-ischemia on a rotarod test, and TM exercise alleviated motor and memory dysfunction seen on cylinder and passive avoidance tests. Combined therapy with EA and TM exercise showed synergistic effects on the cylinder, rotarod, and catwalk tests. TM exercise significantly restored corpus callosum thickness, and combined therapy with EA and TM restored myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in this region. While EA stimulation only increased activation of cAMP-response element binging protein (CREB) in oligodendrocytes of the corpus callosum, TM exercise increased newly generated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells or oligodendrocytes via activation of CREB. Synergistic effects on oligodendrogenesis were also observed by the combined therapy. Furthermore, the combined therapy induced mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the cerebral cortex. These results demonstrate that combined therapy with EA and TM exercise may restore myelin components following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia via upregulation of oligodendrogenesis involving CREB/BDNF signaling, which subsequently improves motor and memory function. Therefore, combined therapy with EA and TM exercise offers another treatment option for functional recovery from injuries caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, such as cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malk Eun Pak
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hee Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Hidese S, Ota M, Matsuo J, Ishida I, Hiraishi M, Teraishi T, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Association between the scores of the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and whole-brain structure in patients with chronic schizophrenia: A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:826-835. [PMID: 28755401 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is a concise tool designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We examined the possible association between BACS scores and whole-brain structure, as observed using magnetic resonance imaging with a relatively large sample. METHODS The study sample comprised 116 patients with schizophrenia (mean age, 39.3 ± 11.1 years; 66 men) and 118 healthy controls (HC; mean age, 40.0 ± 13.6 years; 58 men) who completed the Japanese version of the BACS (BACS-J). All participants were of Japanese ethnicity. The magnetic resonance imaging volume and diffusion tensor imaging data were processed with voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics, respectively. RESULTS There were significant reductions in the regional gray matter volumes and white matter fractional anisotropy values in patients with schizophrenia compared to HC. For the gray matter areas, the working memory score had a significant positive correlation with the anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortices volumes in the patients. For the white matter areas, the motor speed score had a significant positive correlation with fractional anisotropy values in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, superior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus in the patients. However, there was no significant correlation among either the gray or white matter areas in the HC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that among the BACS-J measures, the working memory and motor speed scores are associated with several structural alterations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Hiraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Takebayashi T, Marumoto K, Takahashi K, Domen K. Differences in neural pathways are related to the short- or long-term benefits of constraint-induced movement therapy in patients with chronic stroke and hemiparesis: a pilot cohort study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2017; 25:203-208. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1399231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takebayashi
- Graduate Course of Rehabilitation Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Kohei Marumoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Center at Nishi-harima, Tatsuno, Japan
| | - Kayoko Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Domen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Pinto Y, de Haan EH, Lamme VA. The Split-Brain Phenomenon Revisited: A Single Conscious Agent with Split Perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:835-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cho NS, Jenabi M, Arevalo-Perez J, Brennan N, Young RJ, Karimi S, Holodny AI, Peck KK. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Shows Corpus Callosum Differences between High-Grade Gliomas and Metastases. J Neuroimaging 2017; 28:199-205. [PMID: 29064137 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The corpus callosum (CC) has an important role in regulating interhemispheric transfer and is thought to be instrumental in contralateral brain reorganization in patients with brain tumors, as suggested by a previous study reporting callosal differences between language dominance groups through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characteristics. The purpose of this study was to explore the structural differences in the CC between high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and metastatic tumors (METs) using the DTI characteristics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD). METHODS HGG (n = 30) and MET (n = 20) subjects with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans including DTI were retrospectively studied. The tumor and CC were segmented using the 3-dimensional T1-weighted scans to determine their volumes. The region of interest (ROI; mean volume of the ROI = 3,090 ± 464 mm3 ) of the body of the CC was overlaid onto the DTI parametric maps to obtain the averaged FA, MD, and AD values. RESULTS There were significant differences in the distributions of FA and MD values between the two patient groups (mean FA for HGG/MET = .691/.646, P < .05; mean MD for HGG/MET = .894×10-3 mm 2/ second /.992×10-3 mm2 /second, P < .01), while there was no correlation between the DTI parameters and the anatomical volumes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there is more contralateral brain reorganization in HGG patients than MET patients and that neither the tumor nor callosal volume impact the degree of contralateral brain reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Cho
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mehrnaz Jenabi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julio Arevalo-Perez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Brennan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sasan Karimi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kyung K Peck
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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El-Hage W, Cléry H, Andersson F, Filipiak I, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Gohier B, Surguladze S. Sex-specific effects of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on corpus callosum structure: A whole-brain diffusion-weighted imaging study. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00786. [PMID: 28948081 PMCID: PMC5607550 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms play a significant role in determining brain morphology, including white matter structure and may thus influence the development of brain functions. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene on white matter connectivity in healthy adults. METHODS We used a whole-brain diffusion-weighted imaging method with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis to examine white matter structural integrity in intrinsic brain networks on a sample of healthy subjects (N = 82). RESULTS Results revealed a sex-specific effect of COMT on corpus callosum (CC): in males only, Val homozygotes had significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to Met-carriers. Volume-of-interest analysis showed a genotype by sex interaction on FA in genu and rostral midbody of CC, whereby Val males demonstrated higher FA than Met females. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the key effect of genes by sex interaction, rather than their individual contribution, on the corpus callosum anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam El-Hage
- Université François-Rabelais de ToursInserm UMR U930 'Imagerie et Cerveau' Tours France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire CHRU de Tours Tours France.,Inserm 1415 Centre d'Investigation Clinique CHRU de Tours Tours France
| | - Helen Cléry
- Université François-Rabelais de ToursInserm UMR U930 'Imagerie et Cerveau' Tours France
| | - Frederic Andersson
- Université François-Rabelais de ToursInserm UMR U930 'Imagerie et Cerveau' Tours France
| | - Isabelle Filipiak
- Université François-Rabelais de ToursInserm UMR U930 'Imagerie et Cerveau' Tours France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Inserm U1127 UPMC-Paris6 UMR-S 975 CNRS UMR 7225 Brain and Spine Institute Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière Paris France.,Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group Frontlab, Brain and Spine Institute Paris France
| | | | - Simon Surguladze
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK.,Social & Affective Neuroscience Laboratory Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia
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114
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Chiou SY, Hellyer PJ, Sharp DJ, Newbould RD, Patel MC, Strutton PH. Relationships between the integrity and function of lumbar nerve roots as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurophysiology. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:893-903. [PMID: 28744730 PMCID: PMC5559579 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown promise in the measurement of peripheral nerve integrity, although the optimal way to apply the technique for the study of lumbar spinal nerves is unclear. The aims of this study are to use an improved DTI acquisition to investigate lumbar nerve root integrity and correlate this with functional measures using neurophysiology. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers underwent 3 T DTI of the L5/S1 area. Regions of interest were applied to L5 and S1 nerve roots, and DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivity) were derived. Neurophysiological measures were obtained from muscles innervated by L5/S1 nerves; these included the slope of motor-evoked potential input-output curves, F-wave latency, maximal motor response, and central and peripheral motor conduction times. Results DTI metrics were similar between the left and right sides and between vertebral levels. Conversely, significant differences in DTI measures were seen along the course of the nerves. Regression analyses revealed that DTI metrics of the L5 nerve correlated with neurophysiological measures from the muscle innervated by it. Conclusion The current findings suggest that DTI has the potential to be used for assessing lumbar spinal nerve integrity and that parameters derived from DTI provide quantitative information which reflects their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiou
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Surgery, Human Performance Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P J Hellyer
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D J Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M C Patel
- Imaging Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - P H Strutton
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Surgery, Human Performance Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Developmental trajectory of the corpus callosum from infancy to the juvenile stage: Comparative MRI between chimpanzees and humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179624. [PMID: 28654656 PMCID: PMC5487015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
How brains develop during early life is one of the most important topics in neuroscience because it underpins the neuronal functions that mature during this period. A comparison of the neurodevelopmental patterns among humans and nonhuman primates is essential to infer evolutional changes in neuroanatomy that account for higher-order brain functions, especially those specific to humans. The corpus callosum (CC) is the major white matter bundle that connects the cerebral hemispheres, and therefore, relates to a wide variety of neuronal functions. In humans, the CC area rapidly expands during infancy, followed by relatively slow changes. In chimpanzees, based on a cross-sectional study, slow changes in the CC area during the juvenile stage and later have also been reported. However, little is known about the developmental changes during infancy. A longitudinal study is also required to validate the previous cross-sectional observations about the chimpanzee CC. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrates that the CC development in chimpanzees and humans is characterized by a rapid increase during infancy, followed by gradual increase during the juvenile stage. Several differences between the two species were also identified. First, there was a tendency toward a greater increase in the CC areas during infancy in humans. Second, there was a tendency toward a greater increase in the rostrum during the juvenile stage in chimpanzees. The rostral body is known to carry fibers between the bilateral prefrontal and premotor cortices, and is involved in behavior planning and control, verbal working memory, and number conception. The rostrum is known to carry fibers between the prefrontal cortices, and is involved in attention control. The interspecies differences in the developmental trajectories of the rostral body and the rostrum might be related to evolutional changes in the brain systems.
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Ishida T, Donishi T, Iwatani J, Yamada S, Takahashi S, Ukai S, Shinosaki K, Terada M, Kaneoke Y. Interhemispheric disconnectivity in the sensorimotor network in bipolar disorder revealed by functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging analysis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00335. [PMID: 28721394 PMCID: PMC5486438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities via the corpus callosum in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), which might be a key pathophysiological basis of emotional processing alterations in BD. Methods We performed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 24 healthy control (HC) and 22 BD subjects. Next, we analyzed the neural networks with independent component analysis (ICA) in 32HC and 25 BD subjects using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results In TBSS analysis, we found reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum of BD subjects. In ICA, functional within-connectivity was reduced in two clusters in the sensorimotor network (SMN) (right and left primary somatosensory areas) of BD subjects compared with HCs. FC between the two clusters and FA values in the corpus callosum of BD subjects was significantly correlated. Further, the functional within-connectivity was related to Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores in the right premotor area in the SMN of BD subjects. Limitations Almost all of our BD subjects were taking several medications which could be a confounding factor. Conclusions Our findings suggest that interhemispheric FC dysfunction in the SMN is associated with the impaired nerve fibers in the corpus callosum, which could be one of pathophysiological bases of emotion processing dysregulation in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishida
- Department of System Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Donishi
- Department of System Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Jun Iwatani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masaki Terada
- Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic, 870-2 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kaneoke
- Department of System Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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The Role of the Corpus Callosum in Pediatric Dysphagia: Preliminary Findings from a Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Dysphagia 2017; 32:703-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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118
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The origins of the vocal brain in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:177-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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119
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Pathology of callosal damage in ALS: An ex-vivo, 7 T diffusion tensor MRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:200-208. [PMID: 28529876 PMCID: PMC5429246 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to better understand the changes in tissue microstructure that underlie white matter diffusion changes in ALS patients. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging was carried out in postmortem brains of 4 ALS patients and two subjects without neurological disease on a 7 T MRI scanner using steady-state free precession sequences. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum in formalin-fixed hemispheres. FA of the body and genu was expressed as ratio to FA of the splenium, a region unaffected in ALS. After imaging, tissue sections of the same segments of the callosum were stained for markers of different tissue components. Coded image fields were rated for pathological changes by blinded raters. RESULTS The FA body/FA splenium ratio was reduced in ALS patients compared to controls. Patchy areas of myelin pallor and cells immunostained for CD68, a microglial-macrophage marker, were only observed in the body of the callosum of ALS patients. Blinded ratings showed increased CD68 + microglial cells in the body of the corpus callosum in ALS patients, especially those with C9orf72 mutations, and increased reactive astrocytes throughout the callosum. CONCLUSION Reduced FA of the corpus callosum in ALS results from complex changes in tissue microstructure. Callosal segments with reduced FA had large numbers of microglia-macrophages in addition to loss of myelinated axons and astrogliosis. Microglial inflammation contributed to reduced FA in ALS, and may contribute to a pro-inflammatory state, but further work is needed to determine their role.
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Key Words
- 7 T MRI
- AD, axial diffusivity
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- DW-SSFP, Diffusion Weighted Steady State Free Precession
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- MD, mean diffusivity
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Microglia
- Motor neuron disease
- PMI, post mortem interval
- PSI, scan interval (death to scan)
- Pathology
- RD, radial diffusivity
- SNR, signal to noise ratio
- Steady-state free precession
- VOI, volume of interest
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120
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Vargas Canas A, Rivas M, Guerrero Torrealba R, Francisca Fajre Caamano M. Marchiafava-Bignami's Disease, as Etiologic Diagnosis of Athetosis. Ann Neurosci 2017; 24:57-60. [PMID: 28588358 DOI: 10.1159/000464424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Marchiafava-Bignami disease, characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum, has typically been associated with chronic alcohol intake, and clinically has various symptoms and signs. However, several cases have been reported without alcohol association, and these - according to several publications - have some common points, such as preference for female, related to malnutrition, and radiological involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum. We report a case of a patient with the characteristics described above and whose clinical manifestation was Athetosis. The authors associate this manifestation with the somatotopic distribution of the corpus callosum, and contribute to the etiologic diagnosis of Athetosis as a manifestation of the Marchiafava-Bignami disease, which has not been reported in the medical literature according to our review of the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vargas Canas
- Unidad de Neurología Hospital Santiago Oriente "Dr. Luis Tisné", Santiago, Chile.,Investigador Internacional Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rivas
- Unidad de Neurología Hospital Santiago Oriente "Dr. Luis Tisné", Santiago, Chile
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Sakai T, Komaki Y, Hata J, Okahara J, Okahara N, Inoue T, Mikami A, Matsui M, Oishi K, Sasaki E, Okano H. Elucidation of developmental patterns of marmoset corpus callosum through a comparative MRI in marmosets, chimpanzees, and humans. Neurosci Res 2017; 122:25-34. [PMID: 28400206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is present in all primate brains and is the major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres for integration of sensory, motor and higher-order cognitive information. The midsagittal area of the CC has frequently been used as a sensitive biomarker of brain development. Although the marmoset has been considered as an alternative non-human primate model for neuroscience research, the developmental patterns of the CC have not been explored. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that marmosets show a rapid increase of CC during infancy, followed by a slow increase during the juvenile stage, as observed in chimpanzees and humans. Marmosets also show a tendency toward a greater increase in CC during late infancy and the juvenile stage, as observed in humans, but not in chimpanzees. However, several differences between marmosets and humans were identified. There was a tendency toward a greater maturation of the human CC during early infancy. Furthermore, there was a tendency toward a greater increase during late infancy and the juvenile stage in marmosets, compared to that observed in chimpanzees and humans. These differences in the developmental trajectories of the CC may be related to evolutional changes in social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sakai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Okahara
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akichika Mikami
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Chubu Gakuin University, Seki, Gifu 504-0837, Japan
| | - Mie Matsui
- Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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122
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Altered microstructure rather than morphology in the corpus callosum after lower limb amputation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44780. [PMID: 28303959 PMCID: PMC5355997 DOI: 10.1038/srep44780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) has been implicated in the reorganization of the brain following amputation. However, it is unclear which regions of the CC are involved in this process. In this study, we explored the morphometric and microstructural changes in CC subregions in patients with unilateral lower limb amputation. Thirty-eight patients and 38 age- and gender-matched normal controls were included. The CC was divided into five regions, and the area, thickness and diffusion parameters of each region were investigated. While morphometric analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups, amputees showed significant higher values in axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity in region II of the CC, which connects the bilateral premotor and supplementary motor areas. In contrast, the mean fractional anisotropy value of the fibers generated by these cortical areas, as measured by tractography, was significantly smaller in amputees. These results demonstrate that the interhemispheric pathways contributing to motor coordination and imagery are reorganized in lower limb amputees.
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123
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Resting-state EEG network change in alpha and beta bands after upper limb amputation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:49-52. [PMID: 28268278 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the reorganization of functional brain network following amputation, twenty-two right-hand amputees and twenty-four age- and education-matched controls participated in a resting-state EEG study. EEG networks in alpha and beta bands were constructed using phase synchronization. Both global and local network parameters were compared between amputees and healthy controls. In the aspect of global connectivity, amputees showed increased clustering coefficient (C), decreased characteristic path length (L) and increased small worldness (S) in alpha band, and an increase of L in beta band. Meanwhile, in comparison with the controls, the right-hand amputees have lower nodal degree (k) in the sensorimotor cortex but higher k in the parietal area in the right hemisphere in alpha band. These alterations of network following amputation implied a decreased inhibition from the intact sensorimotor area and increased connections in the right parietal area, which supported the unmasking theory. Such connectivity changes might also relate to the phantom limb phenomenon.
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124
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Shared microstructural features of behavioral and substance addictions revealed in areas of crossing fibers. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:188-195. [PMID: 28367515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similarities between behavioral and substance addictions exist. However, direct neurobiological comparison between addictive disorders is rare. Determination of disorder-specificity (or lack thereof) of alterations within white-matter microstructures will advance understanding of the pathophysiology of addictions. METHODS We compared white-matter microstructural features between individuals with gambling disorder (GD; n=38), cocaine-use disorder (CUD; n=38) and healthy comparison (HC; n=38) participants, as assessed using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). To provide a more precise estimate of diffusion within regions of complex architecture (e.g., cortico-limbic tracts), analyses were conducted using a crossing-fiber model incorporating local-orientation modeling (tbss_x). Anisotropy estimates for primary and secondary fiber orientations were compared using ANOVAs corrected for multiple comparisons across space using threshold-free cluster enhancement (pFWE<.05). RESULTS A main effect of group on anisotropy of secondary fiber orientations within the left internal capsule, corona radiata, forceps major and posterior thalamic radiation, involving reduced anisotropy among GD and CUD participants in comparison to HC participants. No differences in anisotropy measures were found between GD and CUD individuals. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to compare diffusion indices directly between behavioral and substance addictions and the largest dMRI study of GD. Our findings indicate similar white-matter microstructural alterations across addictions that cannot be attributed solely to exposure to drugs or alcohol and thus may be a vulnerability mechanism for addictive disorders.
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Pinto Y, Neville DA, Otten M, Corballis PM, Lamme VAF, de Haan EHF, Foschi N, Fabri M. Split brain: divided perception but undivided consciousness. Brain 2017; 140:1231-1237. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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126
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Yu X, Song R, Jiaerken Y, Yuan L, Huang P, Lou M, Jiang Q, Zhang M. White matter injury induced by diabetes in acute stroke is clinically relevant: A preliminary study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:40-46. [PMID: 27941055 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116675491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of white matter injury induced by diabetes in stroke severity and prognosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes-related white matter injury beyond stroke lesions with acute neurological deficits and clinical outcome after stroke. In total, 36 stroke patients within 3-7 days after onset were enrolled. Neurological deficits on admission were assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Score, and poor outcome at 3 months was defined as modified Rankin score >2. White matter tracts were compared between patients with diabetic and non-diabetic stroke using fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor imaging. Regional white matter abnormality with decreased fractional anisotropy was observed in diabetic patients (n = 18) when compared to non-diabetic patients (n = 18). Decreased fractional anisotropy in ipsilesional distal corticospinal tract was independently associated with higher National Institute of Health Stroke Score motor component score (β = -0.444, p = 0.005), and decreased fractional anisotropy in contralesional superior longitudinal fasciculus I was independently related to poor outcome (odds ratio, 0.900; p = 0.033). Our findings suggested that only white matter injury induced by diabetes in specific tracts like corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus beyond stroke lesions has clinically relevant, providing insight into the mechanism of stroke recovery under the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Song
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Departments of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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127
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Strigaro G, Matino E, Falletta L, Pizzamiglio C, Tondo G, Badawy R, Cantello R. Defective interhemispheric inhibition in drug-treated focal epilepsies. Brain Stimul 2016; 10:579-587. [PMID: 28017318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal epilepsies (FEs) arise from a lateralized network, while in generalized epilepsies (GEs) there is a bilateral involvement from the outset. Intuitively, the corpus callosum is the anatomical substrate for interhemispheric spread. OBJECTIVE We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore whether there are any physiological differences in the corpus callosum of drug-treated patients with FE and those with genetic GE (GGE), compared to healthy subjects (HS). METHODS TMS was used to measure the interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) from right-to-left primary motor cortex (M1) and viceversa in 16 patients with FE, 17 patients with GGE and 17 HS. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was given to one M1 10 and 50 ms before a test stimulus delivered to the contralateral M1. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were analysed both as a function of the side of stimulation and of the epileptic focus (left-right). RESULTS In HS, IHI was reproducible with suppression of MEPs at ISIs of 10 and 50 ms. Similar effects occurred in GGE patients. FE patients behaved differently, since IHI was significantly reduced bilaterally. When FE patients were stratified according to the side of their epileptic focus, the long-ISI IHI (=50 ms) appeared to be defective only when the CS was applied over the "focal" hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS FE patients had a defective inhibitory response of contralateral M1 to inputs travelling from the "focal" hemisphere that was residual to the drug action. Whilst IHI changes would not be crucial for the GGE pathophysiology, they may represent one key factor for the contralateral spread of focal discharges, and seizure generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gionata Strigaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; CRRF Mons. L. Novarese, Moncrivello, VC, Italy.
| | - Erica Matino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Lina Falletta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Radwa Badawy
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia; Tamayoz Clinic, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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128
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Fujiwara Y, Matsumoto R, Nakae T, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Miyamoto S, Mima T, Ikeda A, Osu R. Neural pattern similarity between contra- and ipsilateral movements in high-frequency band of human electrocorticograms. Neuroimage 2016; 147:302-313. [PMID: 27890491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical motor areas are activated not only during contralateral limb movements but also during ipsilateral limb movements. Although these ipsilateral activities have been observed in several brain imaging studies, their functional role is poorly understood. Due to its high temporal resolution and low susceptibility to artifacts from body movements, the electrocorticogram (ECoG) is an advantageous measurement method for assessing the human brain function of motor behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that contra- and ipsilateral movements share a similarity in the high-frequency band of human ECoG signals. The ECoG signals were measured from the unilateral sensorimotor cortex while patients conducted self-paced movements of different body parts, contra- or ipsilateral to the measurement side. The movement categories (wrist, shoulder, or ankle) of ipsilateral movements were decoded as accurately as those of contralateral movements from spatial patterns of the high-frequency band of the precentral motor area (the primary motor and premotor areas). The decoder, trained in the high-frequency band of ipsilateral movements generalized to contralateral movements, and vice versa, confirmed that the activity patterns related to ipsilateral limb movements were similar to contralateral ones in the precentral motor area. Our results suggest that the high-frequency band activity patterns of ipsilateral and contralateral movements might be functionally coupled to control limbs, even during unilateral movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujiwara
- ATR Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507.
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mima
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences. Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Toji-in Kitamachi, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8577, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rieko Osu
- ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
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129
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Du X, Kochunov P, Summerfelt A, Chiappelli J, Choa FS, Hong LE. The role of white matter microstructure in inhibitory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Stimul 2016; 10:283-290. [PMID: 27867023 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory-excitatory (I-E) imbalance has increasingly been proposed as a fundamental mechanism giving rise to many schizophrenia-related pathophysiology. The integrity of I-E functions should require precise and rapid electrical signal transmission. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that part of the I-E abnormality in schizophrenia may originate from their known abnormal white matter connectivity that may interfere the I-E functions. METHODS We test this using short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) vs. intracortical facilitation (ICF) which is a non-invasive measurement of I-E signaling. SICI-ICF from left motor cortex and white matter microstructure were assessed in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients showed significantly reduced SICI but not ICF. White matter microstructure as measured by fraction anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor imaging had a significant effect on SICI in patients, such that weaker SICI was associated with lower FA in several white matter tracts, most strongly with left corona radiata (r = -0.68, p = 0.0002) that contains the fibers connecting with left motor cortex. Left corticospinal tract, which carries the motor fibers to peripheral muscular output, also showed significant correlation with SICI (r = -0.54, p = 0.005). Mediation analysis revealed that much of the schizophrenia disease effect on SICI can be accounted for by mediation through left corona radiata. SICI was also significantly associated with the performance of processing speed in patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the importance of structural circuitry integrity in inhibitory signaling in schizophrenia, and encouraged modeling the I-E dysfunction in schizophrenia from a circuitry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fow-Sen Choa
- The Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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130
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Neural correlates of unihemispheric and bihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in healthy young adults. Neuroimage 2016; 140:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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131
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Ye C, Zhuo J, Gullapalli RP, Prince JL. Estimation of fiber orientations using neighborhood information. Med Image Anal 2016; 32:243-56. [PMID: 27209007 PMCID: PMC4903913 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can be used to reconstruct fiber tracts, for example, in muscle and white matter. Estimation of fiber orientations (FOs) is a crucial step in the reconstruction process and these estimates can be corrupted by noise. In this paper, a new method called Fiber Orientation Reconstruction using Neighborhood Information (FORNI) is described and shown to reduce the effects of noise and improve FO estimation performance by incorporating spatial consistency. FORNI uses a fixed tensor basis to model the diffusion weighted signals, which has the advantage of providing an explicit relationship between the basis vectors and the FOs. FO spatial coherence is encouraged using weighted ℓ1-norm regularization terms, which contain the interaction of directional information between neighbor voxels. Data fidelity is encouraged using a squared error between the observed and reconstructed diffusion weighted signals. After appropriate weighting of these competing objectives, the resulting objective function is minimized using a block coordinate descent algorithm, and a straightforward parallelization strategy is used to speed up processing. Experiments were performed on a digital crossing phantom, ex vivo tongue dMRI data, and in vivo brain dMRI data for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The results demonstrate that FORNI improves the quality of FO estimation over other state of the art algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Ye
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiachen Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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132
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Margari L, Palumbi R, Campa MG, Operto FF, Buttiglione M, Craig F, Matricardi S, Verrotti A. Clinical manifestations in children and adolescents with corpus callosum abnormalities. J Neurol 2016; 263:1939-45. [PMID: 27383641 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corpus callosum abnormality (CCA) outcomes are quite unpredictable and variable, from asymptomatic forms to mild or severe neurodevelopment disorders. The aim of this study was to examine clinical outcomes in CCA patients. The study included 61 children and adolescents in whom brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed CCA, isolated or associated to other central nervous system lesions. All patients underwent anamnesis, physical and neurological examination, routine laboratory tests, electroencephalogram (EEG), and MRI scans. In all participants, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined. We divided the participants into two subgroups: the first subgroup included patients with an isolated CCA, and the second subgroup included patients with CCA associated with extra-callosal brain lesions (complex CCA). We found that CCA were associated with elevated frequency to intellectual disability (ID), other neurodevelopment disorders, epilepsy, and isolated EEG anomalies. Mild ID (p = 0.003) was more frequent in the isolated subgroup, while epilepsy (p = 0.036) and pre-perinatal risk factors (p = 0.023) were more frequent in the complex CCA subgroup. Although the role of the CC in the interhemispheric communication is known, neurological and neurodevelopment outcomes of CCA are extremely variable and unpredictable. The presence of extra-callosal brain anomalies is one of the major prognostic factor, and probably, they have an important impact on the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Margari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Palumbi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Campa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Maura Buttiglione
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Craig
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Matricardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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133
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Jarczok TA, Fritsch M, Kröger A, Schneider AL, Althen H, Siniatchkin M, Freitag CM, Bender S. Maturation of interhemispheric signal propagation in autism spectrum disorder and typically developing controls: a TMS-EEG study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:925-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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134
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Giacosa C, Karpati FJ, Foster NEV, Penhune VB, Hyde KL. Dance and music training have different effects on white matter diffusivity in sensorimotor pathways. Neuroimage 2016; 135:273-86. [PMID: 27114054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacosa
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, FAS, Département de psychologie, CP 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Falisha J Karpati
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, FAS, Département de psychologie, CP 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nicholas E V Foster
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, FAS, Département de psychologie, CP 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, Quebec H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Virginia B Penhune
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, FAS, Département de psychologie, CP 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Krista L Hyde
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, FAS, Département de psychologie, CP 6128 Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, Quebec H2V 2S9, Canada
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135
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Solso S, Xu R, Proudfoot J, Hagler DJ, Campbell K, Venkatraman V, Barnes CC, Ahrens-Barbeau C, Pierce K, Dale A, Eyler L, Courchesne E. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Provides Evidence of Possible Axonal Overconnectivity in Frontal Lobes in Autism Spectrum Disorder Toddlers. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:676-84. [PMID: 26300272 PMCID: PMC4699869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of brain abnormality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on underconnectivity as an explanation for social, language, and behavioral deficits but are based mainly on studies of older autistic children and adults. METHODS In 94 ASD and typical toddlers ages 1 to 4 years, we examined the microstructure (indexed by fractional anisotropy) and volume of axon pathways using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of fronto-frontal, fronto-temporal, fronto-striatal, and fronto-amygdala axon pathways, as well as posterior contrast tracts. Differences between ASD and typical toddlers in the nature of the relationship of age to these measures were tested. RESULTS Frontal tracts in ASD toddlers displayed abnormal age-related changes with greater fractional anisotropy and volume than normal at younger ages but an overall slower than typical apparent rate of continued development across the span of years. Posterior cortical contrast tracts had few significant abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Frontal fiber tracts displayed deviant early development and age-related changes that could underlie impaired brain functioning and impact social and communication behaviors in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Solso
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ronghui Xu
- CTRI, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - James Proudfoot
- CTRI, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Donald J. Hagler
- Department of Radiology, Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Vijay Venkatraman
- Department of Radiology, Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Cynthia Carter Barnes
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Department of Radiology, Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lisa Eyler
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
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136
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van den Heuvel MP, Scholtens LH, de Reus MA. Topological organization of connectivity strength in the rat connectome. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:1719-36. [PMID: 25697666 PMCID: PMC4819781 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is a complex network of anatomically interconnected regions. Animal studies allow for an invasive measurement of the connections of these networks at the macroscale level by means of neuronal tracing of axonal projections, providing a unique opportunity for the formation of detailed 'connectome maps'. Here we analyzed the macroscale connectome of the rat brain, including detailed information on the macroscale interregional pathways between 67 cortical and subcortical regions as provided by the high-quality, open-access BAMS-II database on rat brain anatomical projections, focusing in particular on the non-uniform distribution of projection strength across pathways. First, network analysis confirmed a small-world, modular and rich club organization of the rat connectome; findings in clear support of previous studies on connectome organization in other mammalian species. More importantly, analyzing network properties of different connection weight classes, we extend previous observations by showing that pathways with different topological roles have significantly different levels of connectivity strength. Among other findings, intramodular connections are shown to display a higher connectivity strength than intermodular connections and hub-to-hub rich club connections are shown to include significantly stronger pathways than connections spanning between peripheral nodes. Furthermore, we show evidence indicating that edges of different weight classes display different topological structures, potentially suggesting varying roles and origins of pathways in the mammalian brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room: A01.126, 3508 GA, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room: A01.126, 3508 GA, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A de Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room: A01.126, 3508 GA, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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137
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Nomura Y, Jono Y, Tani K, Chujo Y, Hiraoka K. Corticospinal Modulations during Bimanual Movement with Different Relative Phases. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:95. [PMID: 27014026 PMCID: PMC4779941 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate corticospinal modulation of bimanual (BM) movement with different relative phases (RPs). The participants rhythmically abducted and adducted the right index finger (unimanual (UM) movement) or both index fingers (BM movement) with a cyclic duration of 1 s. The RP of BM movement, defined as the time difference between one hand movement and the other hand movement, was 0°, 90°, or 180°. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the right flexor dorsal interosseous muscle elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were obtained during UM or BM movement. Corticospinal excitability in the first dorsal interosseous muscle during BM movement with 90° RP was higher than that during UM movement or BM movement with 0° or 180° RP. The correlation between muscle activity level and corticospinal excitability during BM movement with 90° RP was smaller than that during UM movement or BM movement with 0° or 180° RP. The higher corticospinal excitability during BM movement with 90° RP may be caused by the greater effort expended to execute a difficult task, the involvement of interhemispheric interaction, a motor binding process, or task acquisition. The lower dependency of corticospinal excitability on the muscle activity level during BM movement with 90° RP may reflect the minor corticospinal contribution to BM movement with an RP that is not in the attractor state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nomura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University Habikino, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Jono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University Habikino, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tani
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University Habikino, Japan
| | - Yuta Chujo
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University Habikino, Japan
| | - Koichi Hiraoka
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Habikino, Japan
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138
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Abnormal interhemispheric inhibition in musician's dystonia - Trait or state? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 25:33-8. [PMID: 26923523 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A clustering of relatives with dystonia has been reported in families with musician's dystonia suggesting a genetic contribution to this disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation is impaired in healthy family members rendering it a suitable endophenotypic marker for musician's dystonia. METHODS Patients with musician's hand dystonia (n = 21), patients with sporadic writer's cramp (n = 15), their healthy family members (n = 27), healthy musicians (n = 12) and healthy non-musicians (n = 12) were included. An extended interview about the family history and musical activity was performed. IHI in both hemispheres was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation. RESULTS A stepwise regression analysis revealed musical activity (p = 0.001) and a family history of dystonia (p = 0.008) but not dystonia per se, age, handedness or gender as relevant factors modulating IHI. CONCLUSION These data support the notion of a genetic background of musician's hand dystonia and suggests that reduced IHI is a possible endophenotypic marker of this disorder.
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139
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Asymmetric Interhemispheric Transfer in the Auditory Network: Evidence from TMS, Resting-State fMRI, and Diffusion Imaging. J Neurosci 2016; 35:14602-11. [PMID: 26511249 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2333-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries in human auditory cortical function and structure are still highly debated. Brain stimulation approaches can complement correlational techniques by uncovering causal influences. Previous studies have shown asymmetrical effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on task performance, but it is unclear whether these effects are task-specific or reflect intrinsic network properties. To test how modulation of auditory cortex (AC) influences functional networks and whether this influence is asymmetrical, the present study measured resting-state fMRI connectivity networks in 17 healthy volunteers before and immediately after TMS (continuous theta burst stimulation) to the left or right AC, and the vertex as a control. We also examined the relationship between TMS-induced interhemispheric signal propagation and anatomical properties of callosal auditory fibers as measured with diffusion-weighted MRI. We found that TMS to the right AC, but not the left, resulted in widespread connectivity decreases in auditory- and motor-related networks in the resting state. Individual differences in the degree of change in functional connectivity between auditory cortices after TMS applied over the right AC were negatively related to the volume of callosal auditory fibers. The findings show that TMS-induced network modulation occurs, even in the absence of an explicit task, and that the magnitude of the effect differs across individuals as a function of callosal structure, supporting a role for the corpus callosum in mediating functional asymmetry. The findings support theoretical models emphasizing hemispheric differences in network organization and are of practical significance in showing that brain stimulation studies need to take network-level effects into account.
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140
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Optimization of MRI-based scoring scales of brain injury severity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:270-9. [PMID: 26554854 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several scoring systems for measuring brain injury severity have been developed to standardize the classification of MRI results, which allows for the prediction of functional outcomes to help plan effective interventions for children with cerebral palsy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to use statistical techniques to optimize the clinical utility of a recently proposed template-based scoring method by weighting individual anatomical scores of injury, while maintaining its simplicity by retaining only a subset of scored anatomical regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six children with unilateral cerebral palsy were evaluated in terms of upper limb motor function using the Assisting Hand Assessment measure and injuries visible on MRI using a semiquantitative approach. This cohort included 52 children with periventricular white matter injury and 24 with cortical and deep gray matter injuries. A subset of the template-derived cerebral regions was selected using a data-driven region selection algorithm. Linear regression was performed using this subset, with interaction effects excluded. RESULTS Linear regression improved multiple correlations between MRI-based and Assisting Hand Assessment scores for both periventricular white matter (R squared increased to 0.45 from 0, P < 0.0001) and cortical and deep gray matter (0.84 from 0.44, P < 0.0001) cohorts. In both cohorts, the data-driven approach retained fewer than 8 of the 40 template-derived anatomical regions. CONCLUSION The equal or better prediction of the clinically meaningful Assisting Hand Assessment measure using fewer anatomical regions highlights the potential of these developments to enable enhanced quantification of injury and prediction of patient motor outcome, while maintaining the clinical expediency of the scoring approach.
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141
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Li Y, Wang D, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wu P, Zhang H, Yang Y, Huang W. Changes of Brain Connectivity in the Primary Motor Cortex After Subcortical Stroke: A Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2579. [PMID: 26871777 PMCID: PMC4753872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated the changes in connectivity networks of the bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) of subcortical stroke patients using a multimodal neuroimaging approach with antiplatelet therapy. Nineteen patients were scanned at 2 time points: before and 1 month after the treatment. The authors assessed the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and probabilistic fiber tracking of left and right M1 of every patient, and then compared these results to the 15 healthy controls. The authors also evaluated the correlations between the neuroimaging results and clinical scores.Compared with the controls, the patients showed a significant decrease of FC in the contralateral motor cortex before treatment, and the disrupted FC was restored after treatment. The fiber tracking results in the controls indicated that the body of the corpus callosum should be the main pathway connecting the M1 and contralateral hemispheres. All patients exhibited reduced probability of structural connectivity within this pathway before treatment and which was restored after treatment. Significant correlations were also found in these patients between the connectivity results and clinical scores, which might imply that the connectivity of M1 can be used to evaluate the motor skills in stroke patients.These findings can help elucidate the neural mechanisms responsible for the brain connectivity recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- From the Institute of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou (YL, YW, YY, HZ, WH); Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (DW); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen (HZ); and The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China (PW)
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142
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Alby C, Malan V, Boutaud L, Marangoni MA, Bessières B, Bonniere M, Ichkou A, Elkhartoufi N, Bahi-Buisson N, Sonigo P, Millischer AE, Thomas S, Ville Y, Vekemans M, Encha-Razavi F, Attié-Bitach T. Clinical, genetic and neuropathological findings in a series of 138 fetuses with a corpus callosum malformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:36-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alby
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Valérie Malan
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | | | - Bettina Bessières
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Maryse Bonniere
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Amale Ichkou
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | - Pascale Sonigo
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
| | | | - Sophie Thomas
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | - Yves Ville
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | - Michel Vekemans
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | - Férechté Encha-Razavi
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité
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143
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Callosotopy: leg motor connections illustrated by fiber dissection. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 222:661-667. [PMID: 26666531 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Precise anatomical knowledge of the structure of the corpus callosum is important in split-brain research and during neurosurgical procedures sectioning the callosum. According to the classic literature, commissural fibers connecting the motor cortex are situated in the anterior part of the corpus callosum. On the other hand, more recent imaging studies using diffusion tensor imaging indicate a more posterior topography of callosal fibers connecting motor areas. Topographical knowledge is especially critical when performing disconnective callosotomies in epilepsy patients who experience sudden loss of leg motor control, so-called epileptic drop attacks. In the current study, we aim to precisely delineate the topography of the leg motor connections of the corpus callosum. Of 20 hemispheres obtained at autopsy, 16 were dissected according to Klingler's fiber dissection technique to study the course and topography of callosal fibers connecting the most medial part of the precentral gyrus. Fibers originating from the anterior bank of the central sulcus were invariably found to be located in the isthmus of the corpus callosum, and no leg motor fibers were found in the anterior part of the callosum. The current results suggest that the disconnection of the pre-splenial fibers, located in the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum, is paramount in obtaining a good outcome after callosotomy.
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144
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Shiner CT, Tang H, Johnson BW, McNulty PA. Cortical beta oscillations and motor thresholds differ across the spectrum of post-stroke motor impairment, a preliminary MEG and TMS study. Brain Res 2015; 1629:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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145
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Paolucci T, Piccinini G, Paolucci S, Spadini E, Saraceni VM, Morone G. Tactile and proprioceptive sensory stimulation modifies estimation of walking distance but not upright gait stability: a pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3287-93. [PMID: 26644695 PMCID: PMC4668186 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Recently, there has been growing interest in the somatosensory system, but little data exist on the interaction between dynamic postural control and the somatosensory system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training program, based on tactile and proprioceptive sensory stimulation of the trunk with the use of perceptual surfaces, improved the estimation of walking distance by healthy subjects, the ability to walk toward a memorized distance without vision, and whether it increases upright gait stability. [Subjects and Methods] Ten healthy subjects with a mean age of 31.9 ± 2.5 years were enrolled and participated in 10 daily sessions of perceptive training using perceptual surfaces, for 45 minutes each session. An experimental indoor test measured the subjects' ability to perceive walking distances to a memorized target in an indoor environment. [Results] After treatment, the distances that were traversed were closer to the target than before treatment. Trunk acceleration did not differ significantly between pre- and post-training and did not increase significantly after training. [Conclusion] Treatment with perceptual surfaces stimulating the trunk midline improves the estimation of walking distance and modifies proprioceptive gait patterns, allowing various corrective strategies to be implemented during ambulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Giulia Piccinini
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolucci
- Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS, Italy
| | - Ennio Spadini
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria Saraceni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morone
- Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS, Italy
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146
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Fan YT, Lin KC, Liu HL, Chen YL, Wu CY. Changes in structural integrity are correlated with motor and functional recovery after post-stroke rehabilitation. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2015; 33:835-44. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-teng Fan
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keh-chung Lin
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-ling Liu
- Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao-liang Chen
- MRI Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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147
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Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Pool EM, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Differential modulation of motor network connectivity during movements of the upper and lower limbs. Neuroimage 2015; 119:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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148
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Walther S. Psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia map on the cerebral motor circuit. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:293-8. [PMID: 26319293 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder thought to result mainly from cerebral pathology. Neuroimaging studies have provided a wealth of findings of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. However, we are still far from understanding how particular symptoms can result from aberrant brain function. In this context, the high prevalence of motor symptoms in schizophrenia such as catatonia, neurological soft signs, parkinsonism, and abnormal involuntary movements is of particular interest. Here, the neuroimaging correlates of these motor symptoms are reviewed. For all investigated motor symptoms, neural correlates were found within the cerebral motor system. However, only a limited set of results exists for hypokinesia and neurological soft signs, while catatonia, abnormal involuntary movements and parkinsonian signs still remain understudied with neuroimaging methods. Soft signs have been associated with altered brain structure and function in cortical premotor and motor areas as well as cerebellum and thalamus. Hypokinesia is suggested to result from insufficient interaction of thalamocortical loops within the motor system. Future studies are needed to address the neural correlates of motor abnormalities in prodromal states, changes during the course of the illness, and the specific pathophysiology of catatonia, dyskinesia and parkinsonism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walther
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Bern, Switzerland.
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149
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Burunat I, Brattico E, Puoliväli T, Ristaniemi T, Sams M, Toiviainen P. Action in Perception: Prominent Visuo-Motor Functional Symmetry in Musicians during Music Listening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138238. [PMID: 26422790 PMCID: PMC4589413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical training leads to sensory and motor neuroplastic changes in the human brain. Motivated by findings on enlarged corpus callosum in musicians and asymmetric somatomotor representation in string players, we investigated the relationship between musical training, callosal anatomy, and interhemispheric functional symmetry during music listening. Functional symmetry was increased in musicians compared to nonmusicians, and in keyboardists compared to string players. This increased functional symmetry was prominent in visual and motor brain networks. Callosal size did not significantly differ between groups except for the posterior callosum in musicians compared to nonmusicians. We conclude that the distinctive postural and kinematic symmetry in instrument playing cross-modally shapes information processing in sensory-motor cortical areas during music listening. This cross-modal plasticity suggests that motor training affects music perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iballa Burunat
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomas Puoliväli
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapani Ristaniemi
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Petri Toiviainen
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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150
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Callosal anatomical and effective connectivity between primary motor cortices predicts visually cued bimanual temporal coordination performance. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3427-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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