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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous cells with stem cell-like properties that are responsible for therapeutic resistance, recurrence, and metastasis, and are the major cause for cancer treatment failure. Since CSCs have distinct metabolic characteristics that plays an important role in cancer development and progression, targeting metabolic pathways of CSCs appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Here we classify and discuss the unique metabolisms that CSCs rely on for energy production and survival, including mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid metabolism. Because of metabolic plasticity, CSCs can switch between these metabolisms to acquire energy for tumor progression in different microenvironments compare to the rest of tumor bulk. Thus, we highlight the specific conditions and factors that promote or suppress CSCs properties to portray distinct metabolic phenotypes that attribute to CSCs in common cancers. Identification and characterization of the features in these metabolisms can offer new anticancer opportunities and improve the prognosis of cancer. However, the therapeutic window of metabolic inhibitors used alone or in combination may be rather narrow due to cytotoxicity to normal cells. In this review, we present current findings of potential targets in these four metabolic pathways for the development of more effective and alternative strategies to eradicate CSCs and treat cancer more effectively in the future.
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102
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Esmaeili SA, Sahranavard S, Salehi A, Bagheri V. Selectively targeting cancer stem cells: Current and novel therapeutic strategies and approaches in the effective eradication of cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1045-1059. [PMID: 34184810 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells in malignant cancers, which possess self-renewal capacity, tumor-initiating capability, and pluripotency, as well as being responsible for tumor maintenance, metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance. The treatment modalities previously established for cancer included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The majority of tumor cells of non-CSCs could be eradicated using conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, novel and promising therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs are of great importance. In this review, we described different therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, metabolism-based therapeutic strategies, and additional potential therapeutic approaches (targeting microRNAs [miRNAs], histone deacetylase, and DNA methyl transferase) against CSCs. Taken together, due to the inefficiency of anticancer single therapies, targeting CSCs through their metabolism and using immunotherapy and miRNAs besides classical chemo- and radiotherapy may exert better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Astireh Salehi
- Biology Department, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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103
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Betancourt LH, Gil J, Sanchez A, Doma V, Kuras M, Murillo JR, Velasquez E, Çakır U, Kim Y, Sugihara Y, Parada IP, Szeitz B, Appelqvist R, Wieslander E, Welinder C, de Almeida NP, Woldmar N, Marko‐Varga M, Eriksson J, Pawłowski K, Baldetorp B, Ingvar C, Olsson H, Lundgren L, Lindberg H, Oskolas H, Lee B, Berge E, Sjögren M, Eriksson C, Kim D, Kwon HJ, Knudsen B, Rezeli M, Malm J, Hong R, Horvath P, Szász AM, Tímár J, Kárpáti S, Horvatovich P, Miliotis T, Nishimura T, Kato H, Steinfelder E, Oppermann M, Miller K, Florindi F, Zhou Q, Domont GB, Pizzatti L, Nogueira FCS, Szadai L, Németh IB, Ekedahl H, Fenyö D, Marko‐Varga G. The Human Melanoma Proteome Atlas-Complementing the melanoma transcriptome. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e451. [PMID: 34323402 PMCID: PMC8299047 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MM500 meta-study aims to establish a knowledge basis of the tumor proteome to serve as a complement to genome and transcriptome studies. Somatic mutations and their effect on the transcriptome have been extensively characterized in melanoma. However, the effects of these genetic changes on the proteomic landscape and the impact on cellular processes in melanoma remain poorly understood. In this study, the quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis is interfaced with pathological tumor characterization, and associated with clinical data. The melanoma proteome landscape, obtained by the analysis of 505 well-annotated melanoma tumor samples, is defined based on almost 16 000 proteins, including mutated proteoforms of driver genes. More than 50 million MS/MS spectra were analyzed, resulting in approximately 13,6 million peptide spectrum matches (PSMs). Altogether 13 176 protein-coding genes, represented by 366 172 peptides, in addition to 52 000 phosphorylation sites, and 4 400 acetylation sites were successfully annotated. This data covers 65% and 74% of the predicted and identified human proteome, respectively. A high degree of correlation (Pearson, up to 0.54) with the melanoma transcriptome of the TCGA repository, with an overlap of 12 751 gene products, was found. Mapping of the expressed proteins with quantitation, spatiotemporal localization, mutations, splice isoforms, and PTM variants was proven not to be predicted by genome sequencing alone. The melanoma tumor molecular map was complemented by analysis of blood protein expression, including data on proteins regulated after immunotherapy. By adding these key proteomic pillars, the MM500 study expands the knowledge on melanoma disease.
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104
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Repurposing of Antimicrobial Agents for Cancer Therapy: What Do We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133193. [PMID: 34206772 PMCID: PMC8269327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The substantial costs of clinical trials, the lengthy timelines of new drug discovery and development, along the high attrition rates underscore the need for alternative strategies for finding quickly suitable therapeutics agents. Given that most approved drugs possess more than one target tightly linked to other diseases, it encourages promptly testing these drugs in patients. Over the past decades, this has led to considerable attention for drug repurposing, which relies on identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication. The known safety of approved drugs minimizes the possibility of failure for adverse toxicology, making them attractive de-risked compounds for new applications with potentially lower overall development costs and shorter development timelines. This latter case is an exciting opportunity, specifically in oncology, due to increased resistance towards the current therapies. Indeed, a large body of evidence shows that a wealth of non-cancer drugs has beneficial effects against cancer. Interestingly, 335 drugs are currently being evaluated in different clinical trials for their potential activities against various cancers (Redo database). This review aims to provide an extensive discussion about the anti-cancer activities exerted by antimicrobial agents and presents information about their mechanism(s) of action and stage of development/evaluation.
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105
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Guo Y, Hu B, Fu B, Zhu H. Atovaquone at clinically relevant concentration overcomes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer via inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153529. [PMID: 34174549 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The poor outcomes in ovarian cancer necessitate new treatments. Strategies to interfere with oxidative phosphorylation have been recently highlighted for the treatment of ovarian tumors. Atovaquone, an approved antimicrobial drug, has demonstrated anti-cancer potential and ability in disrupting mitochondrial function. Here, we investigated the efficacy of atovaquone as single drug and its combination with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. We show that atovaquone at clinically achievable concentrations is active against ovarian cancer bulky and stem-cell like cells via inhibiting growth and colony formation, and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, atovaquone either does not or inhibits normal cells in a less extent than in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanism studies using multiple independent approaches demonstrate that atovaquone acts on ovarian cancer cells via decreasing mitochondrial complex III which results in mitochondrial respiration inhibition, energy reduction and oxidative stress. In line with in vitro findings, atovaquone alone at non-toxic dose is effective in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth in vivo, and its combination with cisplatin is synergistic. Our study suggests that atovaquone is a promising candidate to the treatment of ovarian cancer. Our work also supports the notion that mitochondrial respiration is a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Bingbing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China.
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106
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Addeo M, Di Paola G, Verma HK, Laurino S, Russi S, Zoppoli P, Falco G, Mazzone P. Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: A Glimpse on Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698394. [PMID: 34249759 PMCID: PMC8262334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most widespread causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Recently, emerging implied that gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play an important role in the initiation and progression of GC. This subpopulation comprises cells with several features, such as self-renewal capability, high proliferating rate, and ability to modify their metabolic program, which allow them to resist current anticancer therapies. Metabolic pathway intermediates play a pivotal role in regulating cell differentiation both in tumorigenesis and during normal development. Thus, the dysregulation of both anabolic and catabolic pathways constitutes a significant opportunity to target GCSCs in order to eradicate the tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about metabolic phenotype that supports GCSC proliferation and we overview the compounds that selectively target metabolic intermediates of CSCs that can be used as a strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Addeo
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Paola
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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107
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Marvin DL, Ten Dijke P, Ritsma L. An Experimental Liver Metastasis Mouse Model Suitable for Short and Long-Term Intravital Imaging. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e116. [PMID: 33961349 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a frequent site of cancer metastasis, but current treatment options for cancer patients with liver metastasis are limited, resulting in poor prognosis. Colonization of the liver by cancer cells is a multistep and temporally controlled process. Investigating this process in biological relevant settings in a dynamic manner may lead to new therapeutic avenues. Experimental mouse models of liver metastasis combined with high-resolution microscopy methods can facilitate study of the mechanisms that underlie the outgrowth of cancer cells in the liver. Intravital imaging can provide information on the behavior of tumor cells in their biological setting, in time frames of hours to days. In this unit, we describe the experimental induction of liver metastasis through administration of cancer cells into mice via mesenteric vein injection. The behavior of these injected cells can then be studied using intravital imaging by surgical exposure or through an abdominal imaging window. The approach is described for use with an upright multiphoton microscope, making it widely applicable. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Inducing liver metastasis through mesenteric vein injection Basic Protocol 2: Short-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver Basic Protocol 3: Long-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver using an abdominal imaging window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke L Marvin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
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108
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Callender LA, Schroth J, Carroll EC, Garrod-Ketchley C, Romano LEL, Hendy E, Kelly A, Lavender P, Akbar AN, Chapple JP, Henson SM. GATA3 induces mitochondrial biogenesis in primary human CD4 + T cells during DNA damage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3379. [PMID: 34099719 PMCID: PMC8184923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA3 is as a lineage-specific transcription factor that drives the differentiation of CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells, but is also involved in a variety of processes such as immune regulation, proliferation and maintenance in other T cell and non-T cell lineages. Here we show a mechanism utilised by CD4+ T cells to increase mitochondrial mass in response to DNA damage through the actions of GATA3 and AMPK. Activated AMPK increases expression of PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A or PGC1α protein) at the level of transcription and GATA3 at the level of translation, while DNA damage enhances expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2). PGC1α, GATA3 and NRF2 complex together with the ATR to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings extend the pleotropic interactions of GATA3 and highlight the potential for GATA3-targeted cell manipulation for intervention in CD4+ T cell viability and function after DNA damage. GATA3 has been considered to be primarily associated with CD4+ Th2 cell function. Using CD4+ effector memory that re-express CD45RA (EMRA) T cells the authors show that in response to DNA damage GATA3 can regulate increase of mitochondrial mass and biogenesis involving AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Callender
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Translational Science, Achilles Therapeutics Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Johannes Schroth
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Carroll
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Conor Garrod-Ketchley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lisa E L Romano
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Hendy
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Audrey Kelly
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Lavender
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Paul Chapple
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sian M Henson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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109
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Plasticity of Cancer Stem Cell: Origin and Role in Disease Progression and Therapy Resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:397-412. [PMID: 31965409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In embryonic development and throughout life, there are some cells can exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of cells to differentiate into multiple lineages. In normal development, plasticity is highly regulated whereas cancer cells re-activate this dynamic ability for their own progression. The re-activation of these mechanisms enables cancer cells to acquire a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype- a subpopulation of cells with increased ability to survive in a hostile environment and resist therapeutic insults. There are several contributors fuel CSC plasticity in different stages of disease progression such as a complex network of tumour stroma, epidermal microenvironment and different sub-compartments within tumour. These factors play a key role in the transformation of tumour cells from a stable condition to a progressive state. In addition, flexibility in the metabolic state of CSCs helps in disease progression. Moreover, epigenetic changes such as chromatin, DNA methylation could stimulate the phenotypic change of CSCs. Development of resistance to therapy due to highly plastic behaviour of CSCs is a major cause of treatment failure in cancers. However, recent studies explored that plasticity can also expose the weaknesses in CSCs, thereby could be utilized for future therapeutic development. Therefore, in this review, we discuss how cancer cells acquire the plasticity, especially the role of the normal developmental process, tumour microenvironment, and epigenetic changes in the development of plasticity. We further highlight the therapeutic resistance property of CSCs attributed by plasticity. Also, outline some potential therapeutic options against plasticity of CSCs. Graphical Abstract .
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110
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De Santis F, Fucà G, Schadendorf D, Mantovani A, Magnani L, Lisanti M, Pettitt S, Bellone M, Del Sal G, Minucci S, Eggermont A, Bruzzi P, Bicciato S, Conte P, Noberini R, Hiscott J, De Braud F, Del Vecchio M, Di Nicola M. Anticancer innovative therapy congress: Highlights from the 10th anniversary edition. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:1-8. [PMID: 33610464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the Tenth Edition of the Annual Congress on "Anticancer Innovative Therapy" [Milan, 23/24 January 2020], experts in the fields of immuno-oncology, epigenetics, tumor cell signaling, and cancer metabolism shared their latest knowledge on the roles of i] epigenetics, and in particular, chromatin modifiers, ii] cancer metabolism, iii] cancer stem cells [CSCs], iv] tumor cell signaling, and iv] the immune system. The novel therapeutic approaches presented included epigenetic drugs, cell cycle inhibitors combined with ICB, antibiotics and other off-label drugs, small-molecules active against CSCs, liposome-delivered miRNAs, tumor-specific CAR-T cells, and T-cell-based immunotherapy. Moreover, important evidence on possible mechanisms of resistance to these innovative therapies were also discussed, in particular with respect to resistance to ICB. Overall, this conference provided scientists and clinicians with a broad overview of future challenges and hopes to improve cancer treatment reasonably in the medium-short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santis
- Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment [SEE], Biomedical Research Centre [BRC], University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Bruzzi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pierfranco Conte
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Laboratorio Pasteur, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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111
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Sherman J, Verstandig G, Rowe JW, Brumer Y. Application of machine learning to large in vitro databases to identify drug-cancer cell interactions: azithromycin and KLK6 mutation status. Oncogene 2021; 40:3766-3770. [PMID: 33953352 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning promise to yield novel insights by interrogation of large datasets ranging from gene expression and mutation data to CRISPR knockouts and drug screens. We combined existing and new algorithms with available experimental data to identify potentially clinically relevant relationships to provide a proof of principle for the promise of machine learning in oncological drug discovery. Specifically, we screened cell line data from the Cancer Dependency Map for the effects of azithromycin, which has been shown to kill cancer cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrate a strong relationship between Kallikrein Related Peptidase 6 (KLK6) mutation status and the ability of azithromycin to kill cancer cells in vitro. While the application of azithromycin showed no meaningful average effect in KLK6 wild-type cell lines, statistically significant enhancements of cell death are seen in multiple independent KLK6-mutated cancer cell lines. These findings suggest a potentially valuable clinical strategy in patients with KLK6-mutated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Sherman
- Zephyr AI, Washington, DC, USA. .,Red Cell Partners, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Grant Verstandig
- Zephyr AI, Washington, DC, USA.,Red Cell Partners, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yisroel Brumer
- Zephyr AI, Washington, DC, USA.,Red Cell Partners, Washington, DC, USA
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112
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Barman S, Fatima I, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Pancreatic Cancer and Therapy: Role and Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094765. [PMID: 33946266 PMCID: PMC8124621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in clinical management, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the deadliest cancer types, as it is prone to late detection with extreme metastatic properties. The recent findings that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) contribute to the tumorigenesis, progression, and chemoresistance have offered significant insight into the cancer malignancy and development of precise therapies. However, the heterogeneity of cancer and signaling pathways that regulate PC have posed limitations in the effective targeting of the PaCSCs. In this regard, the role for K-RAS, TP53, Transforming Growth Factor-β, hedgehog, Wnt and Notch and other signaling pathways in PC progression is well documented. In this review, we discuss the role of PaCSCs, the underlying molecular and signaling pathways that help promote pancreatic cancer development and metastasis with a specific focus on the regulation of PaCSCs. We also discuss the therapeutic approaches that target different PaCSCs, intricate mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities to eliminate heterogeneous PaCSCs populations in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gao Y, Zens P, Su M, Gemperli CA, Yang H, Deng H, Yang Z, Xu D, Hall SRR, Berezowska S, Dorn P, Peng RW, Schmid RA, Wang W, Marti TM. Chemotherapy-induced CDA expression renders resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells sensitive to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:138. [PMID: 33874986 PMCID: PMC8056724 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemetrexed (MTA) plus cisplatin combination therapy is considered the standard of care for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in advanced NSCLC, the 5-year survival rate is below 10%, mainly due to resistance to therapy. We have previously shown that the fraction of mesenchymal-like, chemotherapy-resistant paraclone cells increased after MTA and cisplatin combination therapy in the NSCLC cell line A549. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) are key enzymes of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR) is a cytidine analogue (metabolite of capecitabine), which is converted by CDA and subsequently by TYMP into 5-fluorouracil, a chemotherapeutic agent frequently used to treat solid tumors. The aim of this study was to identify and exploit chemotherapy-induced metabolic adaptations to target resistant cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to quantify the efficacy of MTA and cisplatin treatment in combination with schedule-dependent addition of 5'-DFCR on growth and survival of A549 paraclone cells and NSCLC cell lines. CDA and TYMP protein expression were monitored by Western blot. Finally, flow cytometry was used to analyze the EMT phenotype, DNA damage response activation and cell cycle distribution over time after treatment. CDA expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS We performed a small-scale screen of mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors, which revealed that 5'-DFCR selectively targets chemotherapy-resistant A549 paraclone cells characterized by high CDA and TYMP expression. In the cell line A549, CDA and TYMP expression was further increased by chemotherapy in a time-dependent manner, which was also observed in the KRAS-addicted NSCLC cell lines H358 and H411. The addition of 5'-DFCR on the second day after MTA and cisplatin combination therapy was the most efficient treatment to eradicate chemotherapy-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was delayed and accompanied by senescence induction and acquisition of a hybrid-EMT phenotype. In a subset of patient tumors, CDA expression was also increased after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy increases CDA and TYMP expression thereby rendering resistant lung cancer cells susceptible to subsequent 5'-DFCR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zens
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Min Su
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | | | - Haitang Yang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sean R R Hall
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Deparment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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An Alternative Pipeline for Glioblastoma Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Drug Repurposing in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081953. [PMID: 33919596 PMCID: PMC8073966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a devastating malignancy that has continued to prove resistant to a variety of therapeutics. No new systemic therapy has been approved for use against glioblastoma in almost two decades. This observation is particularly disturbing given the amount of money invested in identifying novel therapies for this disease. A relatively rapid and economical pipeline for identification of novel agents is drug repurposing. Here, a comprehensive review detailing the state of drug repurposing in glioblastoma is provided. We reveal details on studies that have examined agents in vitro, in animal models and in patients. While most agents have not progressed beyond the initial stages, several drugs, from a variety of classes, have demonstrated promising results in early phase clinical trials. Abstract The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains a significant challenge, with outcome for most pa-tients remaining poor. Although novel therapies have been developed, several obstacles restrict the incentive of drug developers to continue these efforts including the exorbitant cost, high failure rate and relatively small patient population. Repositioning drugs that have well-characterized mechanistic and safety profiles is an attractive alternative for drug development in GBM. In ad-dition, the relative ease with which repurposed agents can be transitioned to the clinic further supports their potential for examination in patients. Here, a systematic analysis of the literature and clinical trials provides a comprehensive review of primary articles and unpublished trials that use repurposed drugs for the treatment of GBM. The findings demonstrate that numerous drug classes that have a range of initial indications have efficacy against preclinical GBM models and that certain agents have shown significant potential for clinical benefit. With examination in randomized, placebo-controlled trials and the targeting of particular GBM subgroups, it is pos-sible that repurposing can be a cost-effective approach to identify agents for use in multimodal anti-GBM strategies.
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115
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Cochrane EJ, Hulit J, Lagasse FP, Lechertier T, Stevenson B, Tudor C, Trebicka D, Sparey T, Ratcliffe AJ. Impact of Mitochondrial Targeting Antibiotics on Mitochondrial Function and Proliferation of Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:579-584. [PMID: 33859798 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some marketed antibiotics can cause mitochondria dysfunction via inhibition of the mitochondrial translation process. There is great interest in exploiting such effects within a cancer setting. To enhance accumulation of antibiotics within the mitochondria of cancer cells, and therefore delivery of a greater potency payload, a mitochondrial targeting group in the form of a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation was appended via an alkyl chain length consisting of 7 to 11 carbons to the ribosomal antibiotics azithromycin and doxycycline. Using MDA-MB-231 cells, the effects of each subseries on mitochondrial translation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and cell viability are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, United Kingdom
| | - James Hulit
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Franz P. Lagasse
- Department of Chemistry, Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, United Kingdom
| | - Tanguy Lechertier
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, United Kingdom
| | - Corina Tudor
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Trebicka
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Sparey
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Ratcliffe
- Novintum Biosciences Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
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Le Saux S, Aubert‐Pouëssel A, Ouchait L, Mohamed KE, Martineau P, Guglielmi L, Devoisselle J, Legrand P, Chopineau J, Morille M. Nanotechnologies for Intracellular Protein Delivery: Recent Progress in Inorganic and Organic Nanocarriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Le Saux
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | | | - Lyria Ouchait
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joël Chopineau
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Marie Morille
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
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117
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Sipos A, Ujlaki G, Mikó E, Maka E, Szabó J, Uray K, Krasznai Z, Bai P. The role of the microbiome in ovarian cancer: mechanistic insights into oncobiosis and to bacterial metabolite signaling. Mol Med 2021; 27:33. [PMID: 33794773 PMCID: PMC8017782 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by dysbiosis, referred to as oncobiosis in neoplastic diseases. In ovarian cancer, oncobiosis was identified in numerous compartments, including the tumor tissue itself, the upper and lower female genital tract, serum, peritoneum, and the intestines. Colonization was linked to Gram-negative bacteria with high inflammatory potential. Local inflammation probably participates in the initiation and continuation of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, local bacterial colonies in the peritoneum may facilitate metastasis formation in ovarian cancer. Vaginal infections (e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis) increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Bacterial metabolites, produced by the healthy eubiome or the oncobiome, may exert autocrine, paracrine, and hormone-like effects, as was evidenced in breast cancer or pancreas adenocarcinoma. We discuss the possible involvement of lipopolysaccharides, lysophosphatides and tryptophan metabolites, as well as, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and polyamines in the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer. We discuss the applicability of nutrients, antibiotics, and probiotics to harness the microbiome and support ovarian cancer therapy. The oncobiome and the most likely bacterial metabolites play vital roles in mediating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the potential of oncobiotic changes as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and microbial metabolites as possible adjuvant agents in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Maka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoárd Krasznai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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118
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Sighel D, Notarangelo M, Aibara S, Re A, Ricci G, Guida M, Soldano A, Adami V, Ambrosini C, Broso F, Rosatti EF, Longhi S, Buccarelli M, D'Alessandris QG, Giannetti S, Pacioni S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Rorbach J, Pallini R, Roulland S, Amunts A, Mancini I, Modelska A, Quattrone A. Inhibition of mitochondrial translation suppresses glioblastoma stem cell growth. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109024. [PMID: 33910005 PMCID: PMC8097689 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) resist current glioblastoma (GBM) therapies. GSCs rely highly on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whose function requires mitochondrial translation. Here we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial translation and report the results of high-content screening with putative blockers of mitochondrial ribosomes. We identify the bacterial antibiotic quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) as an effective suppressor of GSC growth. Q/D also decreases the clonogenicity of GSCs in vitro, consequently dysregulating the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveals that Q/D binds to the large mitoribosomal subunit, inhibiting mitochondrial protein synthesis and functionally dysregulating OXPHOS complexes. These data suggest that targeting mitochondrial translation could be explored to therapeutically suppress GSC growth in GBM and that Q/D could potentially be repurposed for cancer treatment. Screen of putative mitoribosome inhibitors identifies Q/D as effective on GSCs Q/D selectively inhibits growth of GSCs Treatment with Q/D decreases clonogenicity, blocks cell cycle, and induces apoptosis Q/D binds to mitoribosomes and inhibits mitochondrial translation and therefore OXPHOS
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Sighel
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy.
| | | | - Shintaro Aibara
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Angela Re
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino 10144, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ricci
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Longhi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Quintino G D'Alessandris
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Ines Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Angelika Modelska
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Tan YQ, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu T, Garg M, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Mitochondria: The metabolic switch of cellular oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188534. [PMID: 33794332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, are maternally inherited organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It has become profoundly evident that mitochondria regulate a wide array of cellular and metabolic functions, including biosynthetic metabolism, cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell survival. Correspondingly, defects in normal mitochondrial functioning have been implicated in various human malignancies. Cancer development involves the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and impairment of apoptotic programs in cells. Mitochondria have been recognized as the site of key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire a malignant phenotype. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in human malignancies and highlights potential aspects of mitochondrial metabolism that could be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Rebelo R, Polónia B, Santos LL, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Drug Repurposing Opportunities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:280. [PMID: 33804613 PMCID: PMC8003696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. The diagnosis is often possible only in the latter stages of the disease, with patients already presenting an advanced or metastatic tumor. It is also one of the cancers with poorest prognosis, presenting a five-year survival rate of around 5%. Treatment of PDAC is still a major challenge, with cytotoxic chemotherapy remaining the basis of systemic therapy. However, no major advances have been made recently, and therapeutic options are limited and highly toxic. Thus, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Drug repurposing is a strategy for the development of novel treatments using approved or investigational drugs outside the scope of the original clinical indication. Since repurposed drugs have already completed several stages of the drug development process, a broad range of data is already available. Thus, when compared with de novo drug development, drug repurposing is time-efficient, inexpensive and has less risk of failure in future clinical trials. Several repurposing candidates have been investigated in the past years for the treatment of PDAC, as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. This review gives an overview of the main drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates, for the potential treatment of PDAC, in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rebelo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO—Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
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Xu Z, Zeng X, Li M, Liao J, Chen Q. MicroRNA-383 promotes reactive oxygen species-induced autophagy via downregulating peroxiredoxin 3 in human glioma U87 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 33747176 PMCID: PMC7967820 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) is an abundant and effective enzyme, which aids in the removal of H2O2 in the mitochondria, thereby inhibiting cell autophagy. PRDX3 is a target protein of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-383, the overexpression of which has been found to inhibit the growth of glioma cells. We hypothesized that miR-383 serves an antitumor role by inhibiting oxidative stress during tumor growth. In the current study, human glioma U87 cells were transfected with pre-/short hairpin (sh)-PRDX3 vectors and miR-383 mimics/inhibitors. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected using flow cytometry. Autophagy was examined using acridine orange staining, and the expression of cytoplasmic autophagy-related proteins [autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9), Ras-related protein Rab-1A (Rab1) and p62] was determined using western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-383 and PRDX3 was assessed using a dual-luciferase assay. The results indicated that both sh-PRDX3 and miR-383 mimics promoted apoptosis and increased the level of mitochondrial ROS, whilst acridine orange staining revealed that sh-PRDX3 promoted autophagy in U87 cells compared with that in the control cells. The detection of autophagic proteins indicated that sh-PRDX3 and miR-383 mimics increased the protein expression level of ATG9 and RAB1, and inhibited that of p62. On the contrary, the effect of miR-383 mimics was opposite to that of pre-PRDX3 in U87 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays revealed that miR-383 was negatively associated with PRDX3 in U87 cells. miR-383 was indicated to interact with PRDX3, as demonstrated using a dual-luciferase assay. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that miR-383 induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS production by downregulating PRDX3 in U87 cells, thereby promoting oxidative stress-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Jia R, Teng L, Gao L, Su T, Fu L, Qiu Z, Bi Y. Advances in Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Drug-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1525-1551. [PMID: 33658782 PMCID: PMC7920594 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s293427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines afford unique advantages in therapeutic intervention against tumors. However, conventional nanomedicines have failed to achieve the desired effect against cancers because of the presence of complicated physiological fluids and the tumor microenvironment. Stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems have emerged as potential tools for advanced treatment of cancers. Versatile nano-carriers co-triggered by multiple stimuli in different levels of organisms (eg, extracorporeal, tumor tissue, cell, subcellular organelles) have aroused widespread interest because they can overcome sequential physiological and pathological barriers to deliver diverse therapeutic “payloads” to the desired targets. Furthermore, multiple stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems (MSR-DDSs) offer a good platform for co-delivery of agents and reversing multidrug resistance. This review affords a comprehensive overview on the “landscape” of MSR-DDSs against tumors, highlights the design strategies of MSR-DDSs in recent years, discusses the putative advantage of oncotherapy or the obstacles that so far have hindered the clinical translation of MSR-DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Su
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Bi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Thakur G, Kumar R, Kim SB, Lee SY, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Therapeutic Status and Available Strategies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020178. [PMID: 33670230 PMCID: PMC7916947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe and devastating cancer is pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the major pancreatic exocrine cancer with a poor prognosis and growing prevalence. It is the most deadly disease, with an overall five-year survival rate of 6% to 10%. According to various reports, it has been demonstrated that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are the main factor responsible for the tumor development, proliferation, resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and recurrence of tumors after surgery. PCSCs have encouraged new therapeutic methods to be explored that can specifically target cancer cells. Furthermore, stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are known as influential anti-cancer agents as they function through anti-inflammatory, paracrine, cytokines, and chemokine's action. The properties of MSCs, such as migration to the site of infection and host immune cell activation by its secretome, seem to control the microenvironment of the pancreatic tumor. MSCs secretome exhibits similar therapeutic advantages as a conventional cell-based therapy. Moreover, the potential for drug delivery could be enhanced by engineered MSCs to increase drug bioactivity and absorption at the tumor site. In this review, we have discussed available therapeutic strategies, treatment hurdles, and the role of different factors such as PCSCs, cysteine, GPCR, PKM2, signaling pathways, immunotherapy, and NK-based therapy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Thakur
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173 234, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (S.-B.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.-L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Zheng W, Hu J, Lv Y, Bai B, Shan L, Chen K, Dai S, Zhu H. Pyrvinium pamoate inhibits cell proliferation through ROS-mediated AKT-dependent signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:21. [PMID: 33554313 PMCID: PMC7868320 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of the anthelmintic drug pyrvinium pamoate (PP) in cancer therapy has been extensively investigated in the last decade. PP has been shown to have an inhibitory effect in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the antitumor activity and mechanisms of PP in CRC. In the present study, we used CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and western blotting to reveal that PP effectively suppressed CRC cell proliferation and the AKT-dependent signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that PP increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We found that the inhibitory effect of PP on cell proliferation and AKT protein expression induced by PP could be partially reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger. In addition, the results also demonstrated that PP inhibited cell migration by modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, including E-cadherin and vimentin. In conclusion, our data suggested that PP effectively inhibited cell proliferation through the ROS-mediated AKT-dependent signaling pathway in CRC, further providing evidence for the use of PP as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People's Republic of China.
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Assessment of azithromycin as an anticancer agent for treatment of imatinib sensitive and resistant CML cells. Leuk Res 2021; 102:106523. [PMID: 33607534 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematological disease which is characterized by the presence of BCR-ABL fusion protein. Imatinib (IMA), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL, is used as a frontline treatment.Although IMA aids in killing a majority of leukemia cells, it may not kill CML stem cells which are the primary roots of disease and therapy resistance. Recently, antimicrobial drugs have been gaining attention because of their selective targeting of cancer cells. Therefore, we now ask if combinational therapy of IMA with a targeted antimicrobial drug Azithromycin (AZT) can enhance the treatment efficiency in IMA resistant CML. METHODS K562S (IMA sensitive) and K562R (IMA resistant) cells were treated with increasing concentrations of AZT to determine its effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell viability, apoptosis, caspase3/7 activity and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) function were investigated with spectrophotometric MTT assay and flow cytometric Annexin V staining, caspase 3/7 activity, and Rhodamine123 staining assays respectively. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic (BAX, BAD and BIM), anti- apoptotic (BCL-XL and BCL-2) and drug transporter (MDR-1 and MRP-1) genes were assessed with qRT-PCR. RESULTS AZT treatment alone inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis and enhanced caspase 3/7 activity in both K562S and high MDR-1 (Pgp) expressing K562R cells. Moreover, combination of AZT/IMA suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis and caspase3/7 activity more effectively and significantly compared to K562R cells treated with only IMA or AZT. Furthermore, AZT and AZT/IMA combination decreased Pgp function in K562R cells in comparison with their controls. Based on qRT-PCR data, single AZT and combined AZT/IMA treatment also induced BAX/BCL-2 ratio significantly in both K562S and K562R cells. CONCLUSION Single AZT and AZT/IMA combinational treatment can be proposed as a promising and effective treatment strategy for CML. One of the mechanisms underlying the potent anticancer effect of combined AZT/IMA could be its ability to inhibit Pgp function and increase intracellular accumulation of IMA which leads to the induction of apoptosis in K562R cells.
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Praharaj PP, Patro BS, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer stem cells: Novel mechanism for anti-cancer stem cell-targeted cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:5015-5035. [PMID: 33527371 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of cancer medicine, cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with chemoresistance and disease recurrence are the significant challenges currently opposing the efficacy of available cancer treatment options. Mitochondrial dynamics involving the fission-fusion cycle and mitophagy are the major contributing factors to better adaptation, enabling CSCs to survive and grow better under tumour micro-environment-associated stress. Moreover, mitophagy is balanced with mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in CSCs, which are necessary for the growth and maintenance of CSCs and regulate metabolic switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss different aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis and their effects on modulating CSCs behaviour during cancer development. Moreover, the efficacy of pharmacological targeting of these cellular processes using anti-CSC drugs in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic drugs improves the patient's survival of aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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Dalhoff A. Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection 2021; 49:29-56. [PMID: 33367978 PMCID: PMC7851017 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective toxicity antibacteribiotics is considered to be due to interactions with targets either being unique to bacteria or being characterized by a dichotomy between pro- and eukaryotic pathways with high affinities of agents to bacterial- rather than eukaryotic targets. However, the theory of selective toxicity oversimplifies the complex modes of action of antibiotics in pro- and eukaryotes. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE This review summarizes data describing multiple modes of action of antibiotics in eukaryotes. RESULTS Aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, bedaquillin, ß-lactams inhibited mitochondrial translation either due to binding to mitosomes, inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-polymerase-, topoisomerase 2ß-, ATP-synthesis, transporter activities. Oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, ß-lactams, bacitracin, isoniazid, nitroxoline inhibited matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) due to chelation with zinc and calcium, whereas fluoroquinols fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol chelated with these cations, too, but increased MMP activities. MMP-inhibition supported clinical efficacies of ß-lactams and daptomycin in skin-infections, and of macrolides, tetracyclines in respiratory-diseases. Chelation may have contributed to neuroprotection by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidins oxazolidinones, tetracyclines caused read-through of premature stop codons. Several additional targets for antibiotics in human cells have been identified like interaction of fluoroquinolones with DNA damage repair in eukaryotes, or inhibition of mucin overproduction by oxazolidinones. CONCLUSION The effects of antibiotics on eukaryotes are due to identical mechanisms as their antibacterial activities because of structural and functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic targets, so that the effects of antibiotics on mammals are integral parts of their overall mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dalhoff
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Institue for Infection Medicine, Brunswiker Str. 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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129
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Huang SW, Sun MT, Lee WS, Su YS, Lee YT, Chiang MH, Wang YC, Yang YS, Tzeng SC, Huang YM, Lin FH. Cancer as an infectious disease: A different treatment alternative using a combination of tigecycline and pyrvinium pamoate - An example of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:51-59. [PMID: 33610508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigecycline is an antibiotic that well tolerated for treating complicated infections. It has received attention as an anti-cancer agent and expected to solve two major obstacles, sides effects that accompany chemotherapy and drug resistance, in the breast cancer treatment. However, previous studies reported that the levels in the blood are typically low of tigecycline, so higher doses are needed to treat cancer, that may increase the risk of side effects. To achieve better anti-cancer effects for tigecycline, we need to find a novel adjunct agent. METHODS In this study, we used different concentration of pyrvinium pamoate combined with tigecycline to treat cell. And assess the effect of two drugs in inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell autophagy, or increase cell apoptosis to evaluate the consequent of combined therapy. RESULTS We observed that after the combined therapy, the cell cycle arrest at G1/s phase, the level of p21 increased, but decreased the levels of CDK2. Others, two drugs via different mechanisms to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and with selective cytotoxic to different cell lines. That could enhance the effect of breast cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Combining low dose of tigecycline use with pyrvinium pamoate is a novel approach for breast cancer treatment. Appropriate combined therapy in breast cancer is recommended to improve outcomes. Other problems like drug resistance occur in patients or the microbes surrounding breast tissues would confer susceptibility to cancers then influence the effectiveness of treatment, which could be improved through combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsung Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, 97144, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11608, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shih Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11608, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Chiuan Tzeng
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
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Cortés H, Reyes-Hernández OD, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Bernal-Chávez SA, Caballero-Florán IH, González-Torres M, Sharifi-Rad J, González-Del Carmen M, Figueroa-González G, Leyva-Gómez G. Repurposing of Drug Candidates for Treatment of Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605714. [PMID: 33489912 PMCID: PMC7821387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic. Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs' repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio D. Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio A. Bernal-Chávez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isaac H. Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- CONACyT-Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Senbabaoglu F, Aksu AC, Cingoz A, Seker-Polat F, Borklu-Yucel E, Solaroglu İ, Bagci-Onder T. Drug Repositioning Screen on a New Primary Cell Line Identifies Potent Therapeutics for Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:578316. [PMID: 33390879 PMCID: PMC7773901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with limited treatment options and high mortality rate. While established glioblastoma cell line models provide valuable information, they ultimately lose most primary characteristics of tumors under long-term serum culture conditions. Therefore, established cell lines do not necessarily recapitulate genetic and morphological characteristics of real tumors. In this study, in line with the growing interest in using primary cell line models derived from patient tissue, we generated a primary glioblastoma cell line, KUGBM8 and characterized its genetic alterations, long term growth ability, tumor formation capacity and its response to Temozolomide, the front-line chemotherapy utilized clinically. In addition, we performed a drug repurposing screen on the KUGBM8 cell line to identify FDA-approved agents that can be incorporated into glioblastoma treatment regimen and identified Topotecan as a lead drug among 1,200 drugs. We showed Topotecan can induce cell death in KUGBM8 and other primary cell lines and cooperate with Temozolomide in low dosage combinations. Together, our study provides a new primary cell line model that can be suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies and suggests that Topotecan can offer promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingoz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Borklu-Yucel
- Medical Genetics Department and Diagnostic Center for Genetic Diseases, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Solaroglu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Triphenylphosphonium derivatives disrupt metabolism and inhibit melanoma growth in vivo when delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244540. [PMID: 33378390 PMCID: PMC7773266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes arising from the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma is a highly resistant form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of <35%. Drug resistance is frequently reported to be associated with changes in oxidative metabolism that lead to malignancy that is non-responsive to current treatments. The current report demonstrates that triphenylphosphonium(TPP)-based lipophilic cations can be utilized to induce cytotoxicity in pre-clinical models of malignant melanoma by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TPP-derivatives modified with aliphatic side chains accumulated in melanoma cell mitochondria; disrupted mitochondrial metabolism; led to increases in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species; decreased total glutathione; increased the fraction of glutathione disulfide; and caused cell killing by a thiol-dependent process that could be rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, TPP-derivative-induced melanoma toxicity was enhanced by glutathione depletion (using buthionine sulfoximine) as well as inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (using auranofin). In addition, there was a structure-activity relationship between the aliphatic side-chain length of TPP-derivatives (5–16 carbons), where longer carbon chains increased melanoma cell metabolic disruption and cell killing. In vivo bio-distribution experiments showed that intratumoral administration of a C14-TPP-derivative (12-carbon aliphatic chain), using a slow-release thermosensitive hydrogel as a delivery vehicle, localized the drug at the melanoma tumor site. There, it was observed to persist and decrease the growth rate of melanoma tumors. These results demonstrate that TPP-derivatives selectively induce thiol-dependent metabolic oxidative stress and cell killing in malignant melanoma and support the hypothesis that a hydrogel-based TPP-derivative delivery system could represent a therapeutic drug-delivery strategy for melanoma.
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133
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Oliveira GL, Coelho AR, Marques R, Oliveira PJ. Cancer cell metabolism: Rewiring the mitochondrial hub. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166016. [PMID: 33246010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To adapt to tumoral environment conditions or even to escape chemotherapy, cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism to handle adversities and survive. Given the rapid rise of studies uncovering novel insights and therapeutic opportunities based on the role of mitochondria in tumor metabolic programing and therapeutics, this review summarizes most significant developments in the field. Taking in mind the key role of mitochondria on carcinogenesis and tumor progression due to their involvement on tumor plasticity, metabolic remodeling, and signaling re-wiring, those organelles are also potential therapeutic targets. Among other topics, we address the recent data intersecting mitochondria as of prognostic value and staging in cancer, by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) determination, and current inhibitors developments targeting mtDNA, OXPHOS machinery and metabolic pathways. We contribute for a holistic view of the role of mitochondria metabolism and directed therapeutics to understand tumor metabolism, to circumvent therapy resistance, and to control tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana R Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marques
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
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Almeida L, Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Castro CN, Adossa N, Carriche GM, Guderian M, Lippens S, Dennerlein S, Hesse C, Lambrecht BN, Berod L, Schauser L, Blazar BR, Kalesse M, Müller R, Moita LF, Sparwasser T. Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics Impair T Cell Effector Function and Ameliorate Autoimmunity by Blocking Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis. Immunity 2020; 54:68-83.e6. [PMID: 33238133 PMCID: PMC7837214 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While antibiotics are intended to specifically target bacteria, most are known to affect host cell physiology. In addition, some antibiotic classes are reported as immunosuppressive for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we show that Linezolid, a ribosomal-targeting antibiotic (RAbo), effectively blocked the course of a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Linezolid and other RAbos were strong inhibitors of T helper-17 cell effector function in vitro, showing that this effect was independent of their antibiotic activity. Perturbing mitochondrial translation in differentiating T cells, either with RAbos or through the inhibition of mitochondrial elongation factor G1 (mEF-G1) progressively compromised the integrity of the electron transport chain. Ultimately, this led to deficient oxidative phosphorylation, diminishing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations and impairing cytokine production in differentiating T cells. In accordance, mice lacking mEF-G1 in T cells were protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, demonstrating that this pathway is crucial in maintaining T cell function and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Carla N Castro
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Nigatu Adossa
- QIAGEN, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; University of Turku, Computational Biomedicine, Turku Center for Biotechnology, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Guilhermina M Carriche
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Melanie Guderian
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Luís F Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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Cabrera-Andrade A, López-Cortés A, Jaramillo-Koupermann G, González-Díaz H, Pazos A, Munteanu CR, Pérez-Castillo Y, Tejera E. A Multi-Objective Approach for Anti-Osteosarcoma Cancer Agents Discovery through Drug Repurposing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110409. [PMID: 33266378 PMCID: PMC7700154 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. Although nowadays 5-year survival rates can reach up to 60–70%, acute complications and late effects of osteosarcoma therapy are two of the limiting factors in treatments. We developed a multi-objective algorithm for the repurposing of new anti-osteosarcoma drugs, based on the modeling of molecules with described activity for HOS, MG63, SAOS2, and U2OS cell lines in the ChEMBL database. Several predictive models were obtained for each cell line and those with accuracy greater than 0.8 were integrated into a desirability function for the final multi-objective model. An exhaustive exploration of model combinations was carried out to obtain the best multi-objective model in virtual screening. For the top 1% of the screened list, the final model showed a BEDROC = 0.562, EF = 27.6, and AUC = 0.653. The repositioning was performed on 2218 molecules described in DrugBank. Within the top-ranked drugs, we found: temsirolimus, paclitaxel, sirolimus, everolimus, and cabazitaxel, which are antineoplastic drugs described in clinical trials for cancer in general. Interestingly, we found several broad-spectrum antibiotics and antiretroviral agents. This powerful model predicts several drugs that should be studied in depth to find new chemotherapy regimens and to propose new strategies for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, CITIC, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.P.); (C.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.-A.); (E.T.)
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, CITIC, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.P.); (C.R.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo-Koupermann
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subproceso de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170403, Ecuador;
| | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Basque Center for Biophysics CSIC-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pazos
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, CITIC, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.P.); (C.R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristian R. Munteanu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, CITIC, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (A.P.); (C.R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yunierkis Pérez-Castillo
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (A.C.-A.); (E.T.)
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136
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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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137
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Luque-Bolivar A, Pérez-Mora E, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Resistance and Overcoming Resistance in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2020; 12:211-229. [PMID: 33204149 PMCID: PMC7666993 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s270799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC) have increased in recent years, and BC is the main cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. One of the most significant clinical problems in the treatment of patients with BC is the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance is critical. The therapeutic decision for the management of patients with BC is based not only on the assessment of prognostic factors but also on the evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters. Although this has been a successful approach, some patients relapse and/or eventually develop resistance to treatment. This review is focused on recent studies on the possible biological and molecular mechanisms involved in both response and resistance to treatment in BC. Additionally, emerging treatments that seek to overcome resistance and reduce side effects are also described. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of treatments used in BC might contribute not only to the enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance but also to the optimization of the existing treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luque-Bolivar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | - Erika Pérez-Mora
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
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138
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Praharaj PP, Panigrahi DP, Bhol CS, Patra S, Mishra SR, Mahapatra KK, Behera BP, Singh A, Patil S, Bhutia SK. Mitochondrial rewiring through mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in cancer stem cells: A potential target for anti-CSC cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:217-228. [PMID: 33186655 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinct subpopulations of cancer cells with stem cell-like abilities and are more resilient to chemotherapy, causing tumor relapse. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes damaged unwanted mitochondria from cells through a lysosome-based degradation pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis. CSCs use mitophagy as a chief survival response mechanism for their growth, propagation, and tumorigenic ability. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a crucial cellular event replacing damaged mitochondria through the coordinated regulation of several transcription factors to achieve the bioenergetic demands of the cell. Because of the high mitochondrial content in CSCs, mitochondrial biogenesis is an interesting target to address the resistance mechanisms of anti-CSC therapy. However, to what extent both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are vital in promoting stemness, metabolic reprogramming, and drug resistance in CSCs has yet to be established. Therefore, in this review, we focus on understanding the interesting aspects of mitochondrial rewiring that involve mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in CSCs. We also discuss their coordinated regulation in the elimination of CSCs, with respect to stemness and differentiation of the CSC phenotype, and the different aspects of tumorigenesis such as cancer initiation, progression, resistance, and tumor relapse. Finally, we address several other unanswered questions relating to targeted anti-CSC cancer therapy, which improves patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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139
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Holmes DL, Vogt DT, Lagunoff M. A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies mitochondrial translation as an essential process in latent KSHV infection of human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28384-28392. [PMID: 33122441 PMCID: PMC7668072 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011645117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The main proliferating component of KS tumors is a cell of endothelial origin termed the spindle cell. Spindle cells are predominantly latently infected with only a small percentage of cells undergoing viral replication. As there is no direct treatment for latent KSHV, identification of host vulnerabilities in latently infected endothelial cells could be exploited to inhibit KSHV-associated tumor cells. Using a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 lentivirus library, we identified host factors that are essential for the survival or proliferation of latently infected endothelial cells in culture, but not their uninfected counterparts. Among the many host genes identified, there was an enrichment in genes localizing to the mitochondria, including genes involved in mitochondrial translation. Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial and mitochondrial translation specifically inhibited the expansion of latently infected endothelial cells and led to increased cell death in patient-derived PEL cell lines. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiration or ablation of mitochondrial genomes leads to increased death in latently infected cells. KSHV latent infection decreases mitochondrial numbers, but there are increases in mitochondrial size, genome copy number, and transcript levels. We found that multiple gene products of the latent locus localize to the mitochondria. During latent infection, KSHV significantly alters mitochondrial biology, leading to enhanced sensitivity to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, which provides a potential therapeutic avenue for KSHV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniel T Vogt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Michael Lagunoff
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Sánchez-Alvarez R, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MFF) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism and Reduces Breast Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Activity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1776. [PMID: 33194575 PMCID: PMC7642822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism represent key features of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), whose propagation is conducive to disease onset and progression. Therefore, interfering with mitochondria biology and function may be regarded as a useful approach to eradicate CSCs. Here, we used the breast cancer cell line MCF7 as a model system to interrogate how mitochondrial fission contributes to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction toward the inhibition of metabolic flux and stemness. We generated an isogenic MCF7 cell line transduced with Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MCF7-MFF), which is primarily involved in mitochondrial fission. We evaluated the biochemical, molecular and functional properties of MCF7-MFF cells, as compared to control MCF7 cells transduced with the empty vector (MCF7-Control). We observed that MFF over-expression reduces both mitochondrial mass and activity, as evaluated using the mitochondrial probes MitroTracker Red and MitoTracker Orange, respectively. The analysis of metabolic flux using the Seahorse XFe96 revealed the inhibition of OXPHOS and glycolysis in MCF7-MFF cells, suggesting that increased mitochondrial fission may impair the biochemical properties of these organelles. Notably, CSCs activity, assessed by 3D-tumorsphere assays, was reduced in MCF7-MFF cells. A similar trend was observed for the activity of ALDH, a well-established marker of stemness. We conclude that enhanced mitochondrial fission may compromise CSCs propagation, through the impairment of mitochondrial function, possibly leading to a quiescent cell phenotype. Unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that proteins involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-response, fatty acid metabolism and hypoxia signaling are among the most highly up-regulated in MCF7-MFF cells. Of note, integrated analysis of top regulatory networks obtained from unbiased proteomics in MCF7-MFF cells predicts that this cell phenotype activates signaling systems and effectors involved in the inhibition of cell survival and adhesion, together with the activation of specific breast cancer cell death programs. Overall, our study shows that unbalanced and abnormal activation of mitochondrial fission may drive the impairment of mitochondrial metabolic function, leading to inhibition of CSC propagation, and the activation of quiescence programs. Exploiting the potential of mitochondria to control pivotal events in tumor biology may, therefore, represent a useful tool to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sánchez-Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, and ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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141
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Yan J, Xie Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Zhang J, Dou Z, Gan L, Li H, Si J, Sun C, Di C, Zhang H. Carbon ion combined with tigecycline inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sci 2020; 263:118586. [PMID: 33065148 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction is receiving considerable attention due to irreplaceable biological function of mitochondria. Ionizing radiation and tigecycline (TIG) alone can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, playing important role in tumor therapy. However, prior studies fail to investigate combined mechanism of carbon ion irradiation (IR) and TIG on tumor proliferation inhibition. The study aimed to explore the combined effects of both on autophagy and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS NSCLC cells A549 and H1299 were treated with carbon ion, TIG, or both. Cell survival rate, autophagy, apoptosis, expression of mitochondrial signaling proteins were determined by clone formation assay, immunofluorescence of LC3B, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively; ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Ca2+ level in mitochondria were used to assessed mitochondrial function. KEY FINDINGS Results showed IR combined TIG inhibited cells proliferation by increasing apoptosis in both cells and enhancing autophagy in H1299 cells. Additionally, combination treatment induced the most severe mitochondrial dysfunction by sharply reducing ATP, MMP and increasing Ca2+ level of mitochondria. Up-regulation and down-regulation of mitochondrial translation proteins (EF-Tu, GFM1 and MRPS12) expression affected apoptosis and autophagy, while the level of p-mTOR was consistent with their expression in both cell types. In A549 cells, p-AMPK level decreased while p-Akt and p-mTOR increased after combination treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our results showed that p-Akt and p-AMPK antagonistically targeted p-mTOR to regulate mitochondrial translation proteins to affect autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, this study suggests that combination of carbon ion and TIG is a potential therapeutic option against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhihui Dou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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142
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Weber DD, Catalano L, Feichtinger RG, Kofler B, Lang R. Targeting Mitochondria in Melanoma. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101395. [PMID: 33007949 PMCID: PMC7599575 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drastically elevated glycolytic activity is a prominent metabolic feature of cancer cells. Until recently it was thought that tumor cells shift their entire energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. However, new evidence indicates that many cancer cells still have functional OXPHOS, despite their increased reliance on glycolysis. Growing pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that targeting mitochondrial metabolism has anti-cancer effects. Here, we analyzed mitochondrial respiration and the amount and activity of OXPHOS complexes in four melanoma cell lines and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by Seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, immunoblotting, and spectrophotometry. We also tested three clinically approved antibiotics, one anti-parasitic drug (pyrvinium pamoate), and a novel anti-cancer agent (ONC212) for effects on mitochondrial respiration and proliferation of melanoma cells and HDFs. We found that three of the four melanoma cell lines have elevated glycolysis as well as OXPHOS, but contain dysfunctional mitochondria. The antibiotics produced different effects on the melanoma cells and HDFs. The anti-parasitic drug strongly inhibited respiration and proliferation of both the melanoma cells and HDFs. ONC212 reduced respiration in melanoma cells and HDFs, and inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells. Our findings highlight ONC212 as a promising drug for targeting mitochondrial respiration in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.A.-G.); (D.D.W.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.A.-G.); (D.D.W.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.A.-G.); (D.D.W.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.A.-G.); (D.D.W.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.A.-G.); (D.D.W.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (R.L.); Tel.: +43-57255-26274 (B.K.); +43-57255-58200 (R.L.)
| | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (R.L.); Tel.: +43-57255-26274 (B.K.); +43-57255-58200 (R.L.)
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143
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The Metabolic Heterogeneity and Flexibility of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102780. [PMID: 32998263 PMCID: PMC7601708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be the main cause of therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. An analysis of their biological properties has revealed that CSCs have a particular metabolism that differs from non-CSCs to maintain their stemness properties. In this review, we analyze the flexible metabolic mechanisms of CSCs and highlight the new therapeutics that target CSC metabolism. Abstract Numerous findings have indicated that CSCs, which are present at a low frequency inside primary tumors, are the main cause of therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Although various therapeutic methods targeting CSCs have been attempted for eliminating cancer cells completely, the complicated characteristics of CSCs have hampered such attempts. In analyzing the biological properties of CSCs, it was revealed that CSCs have a peculiar metabolism that is distinct from non-CSCs to maintain their stemness properties. The CSC metabolism involves not only the catabolic and anabolic pathways, but also intracellular signaling, gene expression, and redox balance. In addition, CSCs can reprogram their metabolism to flexibly respond to environmental changes. In this review, we focus on the flexible metabolic mechanisms of CSCs, and highlight the new therapeutics that target CSC metabolism.
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144
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Ózsvári B, Magalhães LG, Latimer J, Kangasmetsa J, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. A Myristoyl Amide Derivative of Doxycycline Potently Targets Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) and Prevents Spontaneous Metastasis, Without Retaining Antibiotic Activity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1528. [PMID: 33042796 PMCID: PMC7523513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the chemical synthesis and biological activity of a new Doxycycline derivative, designed specifically to more effectively target cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this analog, a myristic acid (14 carbon) moiety is covalently attached to the free amino group of 9-amino-Doxycycline. First, we determined the IC50 of Doxy-Myr using the 3D-mammosphere assay, to assess its ability to inhibit the anchorage-independent growth of breast CSCs, using MCF7 cells as a model system. Our results indicate that Doxy-Myr is >5-fold more potent than Doxycycline, as it appears to be better retained in cells, within a peri-nuclear membranous compartment. Moreover, Doxy-Myr did not affect the viability of the total MCF7 cancer cell population or normal fibroblasts grown as 2D-monolayers, showing remarkable selectivity for CSCs. Using both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains, we also demonstrated that Doxy-Myr did not show antibiotic activity, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, other complementary Doxycycline amide derivatives, with longer (16 carbon; palmitic acid) or shorter (12 carbon; lauric acid) fatty acid chain lengths, were both less potent than Doxy-Myr for the targeting of CSCs. Finally, using MDA-MB-231 cells, we also demonstrate that Doxy-Myr has no appreciable effect on tumor growth, but potently inhibits tumor cell metastasis in vivo, with little or no toxicity. In summary, by using 9-amino-Doxycycline as a scaffold, here we have designed new chemical entities for their further development as anti-cancer agents. These compounds selectively target CSCs, e.g., Doxy-Myr, while effectively minimizing the risk of driving antibiotic resistance. Taken together, our current studies provide proof-of-principle, that existing FDA-approved drugs can be further modified and optimized, to successfully target the anchorage-independent growth of CSCs and to prevent the process of spontaneous tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Ózsvári
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luma G Magalhães
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Latimer
- Salford Antibiotic Research Network, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lunella Biotech, Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lunella Biotech, Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
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145
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Al-Bari MAA. Co-targeting of lysosome and mitophagy in cancer stem cells with chloroquine analogues and antibiotics. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11667-11679. [PMID: 32935427 PMCID: PMC7578893 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolic autophagy eliminates cytoplasmic components and organelles via lysosomes. Non‐selective bulk autophagy and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are linked in intracellular homeostasis both normal and cancer cells. Autophagy has complex and paradoxical dual role in cancers; it can play either tumour suppressor or tumour promoter depending on the tumour type, stage, microenvironment and genetic context. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) cause tumour recurrence and promote resistant to therapy for driving poor clinical consequences. Thus, new healing strategies are urgently needed to annihilate and eradicate CSCs. As chloroquine (CQ) analogues show positive clinical outcome in several clinical trials either standalone or combination with several chemotherapies. Moreover, CQ analogues are known to eliminate CSCs via altering DNA methylation. However, several obstacles such as higher concentrations and dose‐dependent toxicity are noticeable in the treatment of cancers. As tumour cells predominantly rely on mitochondrial actions, mitochondrial targeting FDA‐approved antibiotics are reported to effectively eradicate CSCs alone or combination with chemotherapy. However, antibiotics cause metabolic glycolytic shift in cancer cells for survival and repopulation. This review will provide a sketch of the inhibiting roles of current chloroquine analogues and antibiotic combination in CSC autophagy process and discuss the possibility that pre‐clinical and clinical potential therapeutic strategy for anticancer therapy.
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146
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Sharon D, Cathelin S, Mirali S, Di Trani JM, Yanofsky DJ, Keon KA, Rubinstein JL, Schimmer AD, Ketela T, Chan SM. Inhibition of mitochondrial translation overcomes venetoclax resistance in AML through activation of the integrated stress response. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/516/eaax2863. [PMID: 31666400 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Venetoclax is a specific B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor with promising activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its clinical efficacy as a single agent or in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), such as azacitidine, is hampered by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen and found that inactivation of genes involved in mitochondrial translation restored sensitivity to venetoclax in resistant AML cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis with antibiotics that target the ribosome, including tedizolid and doxycycline, effectively overcame venetoclax resistance. Mechanistic studies showed that both tedizolid and venetoclax suppressed mitochondrial respiration, with the latter demonstrating inhibitory activity against complex I [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase] of the electron transport chain (ETC). The drugs cooperated to activate a heightened integrated stress response (ISR), which, in turn, suppressed glycolytic capacity, resulting in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and subsequent cell death. Combination treatment with tedizolid and venetoclax was superior to either agent alone in reducing leukemic burden in mice engrafted with treatment-resistant human AML. The addition of tedizolid to azacitidine and venetoclax further enhanced the killing of resistant AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial translation is an effective approach to overcoming venetoclax resistance and provide a rationale for combining tedizolid, azacitidine, and venetoclax as a triplet therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sharon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Sara Mirali
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Justin M Di Trani
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - David J Yanofsky
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kristine A Keon
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Steven M Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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147
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Peiris-Pagès M, Ozsvári B, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial and ribosomal biogenesis are new hallmarks of stemness, oncometabolism and biomass accumulation in cancer: Mito-stemness and ribo-stemness features. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4801-4835. [PMID: 31311889 PMCID: PMC6682537 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using proteomics analysis, we previously compared MCF7 breast cancer cells grown as 3D tumor spheres, with the same cell line grown as monolayers. Our results indicated that during 3D anchorage‐independent growth, the cellular machinery associated with i) mitochondrial biogenesis and ii) ribosomal biogenesis, were both significantly increased. Here, for simplicity, we refer to these two new oncogenic hallmarks as “mito‐stemness” and “ribo‐stemness” features. We have now applied this same type of strategy to begin to understand how fibroblasts and MCF7 breast cancer cells change their molecular phenotype, when they are co‐cultured together. We have previously shown that MCF7‐fibroblast co‐cultures are a valuable model of resistance to apoptosis induced by hormonal therapies, such as Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant. Here, we directly show that these mixed co‐cultures demonstrate the induction of mito‐stemness and ribo‐stemness features, likely reflecting a mechanism for cancer cells to increase their capacity for accumulating biomass. In accordance with the onset of a stem‐like phenotype, KRT19 (keratin 19) was induced by ~6‐fold during co‐culture. KRT19 is a well‐established epithelial CSC marker that is used clinically to identify metastatic breast cancer cells in sentinel lymph node biopsies. The potential molecular therapeutic targets that we identified by label‐free proteomics of MCF7‐fibroblast co‐cultures were then independently validated using a bioinformatics approach. More specifically, we employed publically‐available transcriptional profiling data derived from primary tumor samples from breast cancer patients, which were previously subjected to laser‐capture micro‐dissection, to physically separate breast cancer cells from adjacent tumor stroma. This allowed us to directly validate that the proteins up‐regulated in this co‐culture model were also transcriptionally elevated in patient‐derived breast cancer cells in vivo. This powerful approach for target identification and translational validation, including the use of patient outcome data, can now be applied to other tumor types as well, to validate new therapeutic targets that are more clinically relevant, for patient benefit. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings for new drug development, drug repurposing and Tamoxifen‐resistance, to effectively target mito‐stemness and ribo‐stemness features in breast cancer patients. We also discuss the broad implications of this “organelle biogenesis” approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peiris-Pagès
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Béla Ozsvári
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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148
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Profound Reprogramming towards Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer Cells as Adaptation to AKT Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082181. [PMID: 32764385 PMCID: PMC7464748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire resistance to cytotoxic therapies targeting major survival pathways by adapting their metabolism. The AKT pathway is a major regulator of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression and a key pharmacological target. The mechanisms of adaptation to long-term silencing of AKT isoforms of human and mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer cells were studied. Following silencing, cancer cells remained quiescent for long periods of time, after which they recovered proliferative capacities. Adaptation caused profound proteomic changes largely affecting mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and acquisition of a number of distinct cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics depending on the AKT isoform that was silenced. The adaptation to AKT1 silencing drove most de-differentiation and acquisition of stemness through C-MYC down-modulation and NANOG upregulation, which were required for survival of adapted CSCs. The changes associated to adaptation sensitized cancer cells to inhibitors targeting regulators of oxidative respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis. In vivo pharmacological co-inhibition of AKT and mitochondrial metabolism effectively controlled pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth in pre-clinical models.
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149
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Dattilo R, Mottini C, Camera E, Lamolinara A, Auslander N, Doglioni G, Muscolini M, Tang W, Planque M, Ercolani C, Buglioni S, Manni I, Trisciuoglio D, Boe A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Iezzi M, Ciliberto G, Ambs S, De Maria R, Fendt SM, Ruppin E, Cardone L. Pyrvinium Pamoate Induces Death of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Reduces Metastases through Effects on Lipid Anabolism. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4087-4102. [PMID: 32718996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) induce aggressive tumor phenotypes such as metastasis formation, which is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs that can eradicate the CSC subcompartment in primary tumors may prevent metastatic disease, thus representing an effective strategy to improve the prognosis of TNBC. Here, we investigated spheroid-forming cells in a metastatic TNBC model. This strategy enabled us to specifically study a population of long-lived tumor cells enriched in CSCs, which show stem-like characteristics and induce metastases. To repurpose FDA-approved drugs potentially toxic for CSCs, we focused on pyrvinium pamoate (PP), an anthelmintic drug with documented anticancer activity in preclinical models. PP induced cytotoxic effects in CSCs and prevented metastasis formation. Mechanistically, the cell killing effects of PP were a result of inhibition of lipid anabolism and, more specifically, the impairment of anabolic flux from glucose to cholesterol and fatty acids. CSCs were strongly dependent upon activation of lipid biosynthetic pathways; activation of these pathways exhibited an unfavorable prognostic value in a cohort of breast cancer patients, where it predicted high probability of metastatic dissemination and tumor relapse. Overall, this work describes a new approach to target aggressive CSCs that may substantially improve clinical outcomes for patients with TNBC, who currently lack effective targeted therapeutic options. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide preclinical evidence that a drug repurposing approach to prevent metastatic disease in TNBC exploits lipid anabolism as a metabolic vulnerability against CSCs in primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Dattilo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovations, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mottini
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovations, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (ISG)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Noam Auslander
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ginevra Doglioni
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- S.C. Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- S.C. Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovations, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovations, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Sveva Grande
- Centro Nazionale per le Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Sez. di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Luciani
- Centro Nazionale per le Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Sez. di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Luca Cardone
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovations, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, CNR National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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150
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Simin J, Tamimi RM, Engstrand L, Callens S, Brusselaers N. Antibiotic use and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105072. [PMID: 32679181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral antibiotics are posed as a possible risk factor for breast cancer. Evidence is insufficient to determine whether the choice of antibiotic class could effect this potential association, and non-linearity has not been studied. We aimed to fill these important knowledge gaps. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and a trial registry were searched from inception until January 2020, without any restrictions. Additionally, extensive manual searches were undertaken. Random-effects meta-analyses provided pooled risk estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Dose-response analyses modeling the relationship between number of antibiotic prescriptions and breast cancer risk were extended to non-linear models. Heterogeneity, publication bias and small-study effects were assessed. RESULTS Of 7805 identified publications ten were eligible, including 3,719,383 individuals and 84,485 breast cancer cases. The pooled breast cancer risk was modestly increased among individuals who ever used antibiotics (relative risk RR = 1.18, 95 %CI 1.08-1.29), also after excluding the last year prior diagnosis. This excess risk was seen among penicillin (RR = 1.09, 95 %CI 1.01-1.18), tetracycline (RR = 1.13, 95 %CI 1.04-1.24) and nitrofuran users (RR = 1.26, 95 %CI 1.05-1.52), whilst nitroimidazole and metronidazole use (RR = 1.05, 95 %CI 1.00-1.11) indicated for marginal association. No apparent association was found for other antibiotics. Data suggested for a non-linear dose-dependent relationship, with a seemingly protective effect after at least 35 prescriptions. However, these findings might partly be explained by limited power of dose-response analyses. CONCLUSIONS The association of antibiotics with breast cancer risk appears to differ between the various antibiotic classes. Whether this association is causal remains unclear, requiring further clarification and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simin
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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