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Wang Z, Li B, Wang Y, Maimaitili A, Qin H, Dangmurenjiafu G, Wang S. The association between serum adiponectin and 3-month outcome after ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:105. [PMID: 31412946 PMCID: PMC6694580 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adiponectin is a major adipocytokine that affects the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, its clinical significance in stroke remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of serum adiponectin levels on functional prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS This was a prospective, observational cohort study. Consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients without any pre-morbid handicap admitted to our hospital were identified from December 2017 to December 2018. Serum concentration of adiponectin was routinely measured within the first 24 h after admission by a commercially available sandwich ELISA. Associations between adiponectin and either clinical severity at admission, poor outcomes or mortality at 3-month after admission were analyzed using logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The serum level of adiponectin was obtained in 227 patients with a median value of 7.0 μg/ml, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in those heathy control. Adiponectin levels were associated with moderate-to-high stroke, and risk increased by 12% (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.25; P = 0.002). Patients with a poor outcome and nonsurvivors had significantly increased adiponectin levels on admission (P < 0.001, all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, adiponectin was an independent predictor of functional outcome and mortality, and risk increased by 24% (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.37; P < 0.001) and 31% (1.31 [1.18-1.46], P < 0.001), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that the patients with high serum adiponectin levels had a higher risk of death than those patients with low levels (log-rank test P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high adiponectin is associated with stroke severity and support the hypothesis that adiponectin can be serve as a biomarker of poor outcome after stroke, independent of baseline variables. Trial registration ChiCTR-OPC-17013501. Retrospectively Registered 21 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Aisha Maimaitili
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Geng Dangmurenjiafu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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102
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Adiponectin levels among individuals with varied employment status in Japan: a cross-sectional analysis of the J-SHINE study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10936. [PMID: 31358891 PMCID: PMC6662719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between employment status and adiponectin levels. This cross-sectional study was a part of the Japanese Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood study, a population-based survey in metropolitan Japan. The analysis included data from 848 individuals. A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in log-transformed adiponectin levels among individuals according to their employment status. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess these differences after adjusting for other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The main outcome was log-transformed adiponectin. Of the participants, 6.2% of the men and 15.1% of the women were precarious workers. Mean adiponectin values differed significantly by employment status in men, but not in women. In men, multiple regression analysis showed that precarious workers had significantly lower adiponectin levels than permanent workers (β = −0.16, P = 0.02). However, in women, adiponectin levels were significantly lower only in precarious workers with low household incomes (β = −0.35, P = 0.02). Male precarious workers and their female counterparts with low annual household incomes had significantly lower levels of adiponectin. These results might help us to understand mechanisms underlying the relationship between employment status and cardiovascular disease.
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103
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Nakagami Y, Suzuki S, Espinoza JL, Vu Quang L, Enomoto M, Takasugi S, Nakamura A, Nakayama T, Tani H, Hanamura I, Takami A. Immunomodulatory and Metabolic Changes after Gnetin-C Supplementation in Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061403. [PMID: 31234376 PMCID: PMC6628299 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gnetin-C is a naturally occurring stilbene derived from the seeds of Gnetum gnemon L., an edible plant native to Southeast Asia that is called melinjo. Although the biological properties and safety of G. gnemon extract, which contains nearly 3% Gnetin-C, have been confirmed in various human studies, whether or not pure Gnetin-C is safe for humans is unclear at present. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The interventional group (n = 6) was given Gnetin-C, and the control group (n = 6) was provided a placebo, for 14 days. Lipid profiles, biomarkers of oxidative stress and circulating blood cells were assessed before and after the intervention. All subjects completed the study, with no side effects reported across the study duration. Gnetin-C supplementation demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of circulating natural killer (NK) cells expressing the activating receptors NKG2D and NKp46. NK cells derived from subjects who received Gnetin-C for two weeks showed higher cytotoxicity against K562 target cells than those before receiving Gnetin-C. In addition, Gnetin-C also resulted in a significant decrease in the absolute neutrophil count in the blood compared with the placebo. Furthermore, Gnetin-C significantly reduced the levels of uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total adiponectin, and high-molecular-weight adiponectin. These data indicate that Gnetin-C has biological effects of enhancing the NK activity on circulating human immune cells. The immunomodulatory effects are consistent with a putative improvement in cancer immunosurveillance via the upregulation of the NKG2D receptor. The study was registered with UMIN-CTR, number 000030364, on 12 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nakagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
- Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Lam Vu Quang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Megumi Enomoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Souichi Takasugi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Ayano Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Tani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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105
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Tumminia A, Vinciguerra F, Parisi M, Graziano M, Sciacca L, Baratta R, Frittitta L. Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122863. [PMID: 31212761 PMCID: PMC6628240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Miriam Parisi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Baratta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050599. [PMID: 31052455 PMCID: PMC6571573 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether changes in adiponectin levels over time predict incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population-based prospective study. In total, 1110 subjects were categorized into four groups according to their sex-specific median baseline adiponectin levels and the change in adiponectin levels at follow-up: low baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&DF), low baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&IF), high baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&DF), and high baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&IF). During the median 2.4-year follow-up period, 180 (16.2%) subjects developed MetS. Compared to the LB&DF group, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident MS was the lowest in the HB&IF group (0.33, (0.17–0.63)), followed by the HB&DF group (0.58, (0.40–0.84)) and LB&IF group (0.63, (0.41–0.93)). This phenomenon was more prominent in men than in women. Among the individual MetS components, increased adiponectin levels during follow-up were significantly associated with lower risks of incident low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and incident high blood pressure. This finding suggests that a change in adiponectin level, as well as the baseline adiponectin level, might have a clinical role in the development of MetS among men.
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107
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Ihalainen JK, Inglis A, Mäkinen T, Newton RU, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H, Walker S. Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency. Front Physiol 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30774600 PMCID: PMC6367240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65–75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2–5 sets and 4–12 repetitions per exercise and 7–9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. There were significant main effects of time for total fat mass (F = 28.12, P < 0.001) and abdominal fat mass (F = 20.72, P < 0.001). Pre- to post-study, statistically significant reductions in fat mass (Δ = -1.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001, n = 26) were observed in EX3. Pre- to post-study reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (Δ = -0.38 ± 0.44 mmol⋅L-1, P = 0.003, n = 19) were observed only in EX3, whereas a significant pre- to post-study increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (0.14–0.19 mmol⋅L-1) were observed in all training groups. Most variables at baseline demonstrated a significant (negative) relationship when correlating baseline values with their change during the study including: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.583, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = -0.471, P < 0.001, and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.402, P = 0.003). The present study suggests that having more than two resistance training sessions in a week could be of benefit in the management of body composition and lipid profile. Nevertheless, interestingly, and importantly, those individuals with a higher baseline in systolic blood pressure, IL-6 and hs-CRP derived greatest benefit from the resistance training intervention, regardless of how many times-a-week they trained. Finally, the present study found no evidence that higher training frequency would induce greater benefit regarding inflammation markers or glycemic profile in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Ihalainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alistair Inglis
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mäkinen
- LIKES-Research Centre for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert U Newton
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Zhang YZ, Zhang YL, Huang Q, Huang C, Jiang ZL, Cai F, Shen JF. AdipoRon Alleviates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Myocardial Cell Injury Via Suppressing Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2165-2179. [PMID: 31749627 PMCID: PMC6817839 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s221841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoadiponectinemia is a high risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although adiponectin is a protective molecule in cardiovascular diseases, it is hampered due to short plasma half-life and high cost of production. This study aimed to investigate whether AdipoRon, a small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist, alleviated saturated free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA)-induced cardiomyocyte injury by suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. METHODS Cell viability was used with MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and mitochondria membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. We also detected the ROS production and colocolization of inflammasome protein with fluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, respectively. Then, IL-1β was detected by Elisa assay and other protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Our observations demonstrated PA dose-dependently promoted the cell injury, and such high lipotoxicity induced impairment of cardiomyocytes was significantly attenuated by AdipoRon treatment. Moreover, PA markedly activated the first phase of Nlrp3 inflammasome (NF-ƙb) signaling. Notably, the stimulation of PA enhanced ROS production as regulators of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In addition, treatment with PA increased the Nlrp3 inflammasome protein expression and complex formation, while AdipoRon abolished it. Lastly, the suppressive effect of AdipoRon to PA-induced cell injury and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation was significantly reversed by Nlrp3 siRNA and pan-caspase inhibitor (z-vad-fmk). CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggested that AdipoRon suppressed PA-induced myocardial cell injury by suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Thus, AdipoRon might possess potent protective effect in lipotoxicity injury such as obesity leading to cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Long Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei437100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fen Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang314001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian-Fen Shen Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang314001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 573 8251 9007 Email
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109
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Liu Y, Vu V, Sweeney G. Examining the Potential of Developing and Implementing Use of Adiponectin-Targeted Therapeutics for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31920962 PMCID: PMC6918867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases encompass those affecting the heart and vasculature as well as other metabolic problems, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These diseases tend to have common risk factors, one of which is impaired adiponectin action. This may be due to reduced bioavailability of the hormone or resistance to its effects on target tissues. A strong negative correlation between adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic diseases has been well-documented and research shown that adiponectin has cardioprotective, insulin sensitizing and direct beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, therapeutic approaches to enhance adiponectin action are widely considered to be desirable. The complexity of adiponectin structure and function has so far made progress in this area less than ideal. In this article we will review the effects and mechanism of action of adiponectin on cardiometabolic tissues, identify scenarios where enhancing adiponectin action would be of clinical value and finally discuss approaches via which this can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research Division, iCarbonX Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liu
| | - Vivian Vu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gary Sweeney
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Larsen MA, Isaksen VT, Moen OS, Wilsgaard L, Remijn M, Paulssen EJ, Florholmen J, Goll R. Leptin to adiponectin ratio - A surrogate biomarker for early detection of metabolic disturbances in obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1114-1121. [PMID: 30145019 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study if the leptin to adiponectin (L:A) ratio, can be a potential biomarker for postprandial triglyceride clearance, insulin resistance (IR) or leptin resistance (LR) in apparently healthy obese, and obese individuals with established metabolic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty adult subjects with obesity (BMI ≥30); of which 36 metabolic healthy obese (MHO), and 14 metabolic dysregulated obese (MDO), with clinical and/or biochemical signs of metabolic disease were included. Seventeen healthy, normal weight subjects represented the control group. Postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in an 8 h oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). IR by HOMA-IR, L:A ratio and indirect LR were measured. In the MHO group, 71.4%, 69.4% and 86.1%, had delayed TG clearance, IR and LR, respectively; whereas in the MDO group this was detected in 85.7%, 71.4% and 91.7%, respectively. A combination of all three metabolic risk factors was found in 39.8% of the MHO and in 42.9% of the MDO patients. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that a cut-off value for the L:A ratio of >1.65 for the control group (PPV 1.0, NPV 0.91) and >3.65 for the obese subjects (PPV 0.86, NPV 0.48) predicted the delayed TG clearance with a good specificity and sensitivity. Detecting a combined risk with at least 2/3 metabolic risk factors, the ROC yielded the most suitable L:A ratio cut-off at >1.88. CONCLUSION L:A ratio was able to detect early metabolic disturbances in obese individuals, and may be a potential useful clinical surrogate biomarker of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Larsen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - V T Isaksen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - O S Moen
- Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Wilsgaard
- Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Remijn
- Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E J Paulssen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Goll
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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111
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Scarale MG, Fontana A, Trischitta V, Copetti M, Menzaghi C. Circulating adiponectin levels are paradoxically associated with mortality rate. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 104:5150473. [PMID: 30388239 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some studies have surprisingly indicated that serum adiponectin is positively related to mortality rate, thus casting doubts on its role as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence about direction, strength and modulators of this controversial association. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL, Cochrane Library and Scopus from inception through June 2018. STUDY SELECTION English-language prospective studies reporting the association between adiponectin and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality using standard criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals-CIs) were derived using a fixed or random effects models when appropriated and were expressed for one standard deviation (SD) increment of adiponectin. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified fifty-five (n=61,676 subjects) and twenty-eight (n=43,979 subjects) studies for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Pooled HRs, were 1.24 (1.17-1.31) and 1.28 (1.19-1.37) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Similar results were obtained also for High Molecular Weight adiponectin. When meta-analyses were restricted to studies reporting data on natriuretic peptides a 43% and 28% reduction on a log scale of these associations were observed after natriuretic peptides adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly points to a paradoxical association between high adiponectin levels and increased mortality rate, which is partly modulated by natriuretic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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112
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Activation of adiponectin receptors has negative impact on muscle mass in C2C12 myotubes and fast-type mouse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205645. [PMID: 30308063 PMCID: PMC6181411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of AdipoRon, which is an agonist for adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2, on the protein content, myotube diameter, and number of nuclei per myotube of C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle mass in C57BL/6J mice. AdipoRon suppressed the protein content, myotube diameter, and number of nuclei per myotube of C2C12 cells of C2C12 myotubes in a dose-dependent manner. Adiponectin-associated decline of protein content, diameter, and number of nuclei per myotube in C2C12 myotubes was partially rescued by knockdown of AdipoR1 and/or AdipoR2. Phosphorylation level of AMPK showed a trend to be increased by AdipoRon. A significant increase in phosphorylation level of AMPK was observed at 20 μM AdipoRon. Knockdown of AdipoR1 and/or AdipoR2 rescued AdipoRon-associated decrease in protein content of C2C12 myotubes. AdipoRon-associated increase in phosphorylation level of AMPK in C2C12 myotubes was suppressed by knockdown of AdipoR1 and/or AdipoR2. Successive intravenous injections of AdipoRon into mice caused a decrease in the wet weight of plantaris muscle (PLA), but not in soleus muscle (SOL). Mean fiber cross-sectional area of PLA, but not of SOL, was significantly decreased by AdipoRon administration. On the one hand, the expression level of phosphorylated AMPK and ubiquitinated protein in SOL and PLA muscles was upregulated by AdipoRon administration. On the other hand, AdipoRon administration induced no changes in the expression level of puromycin-labeled proteins in both SOL and PLA muscles. Expression level of adiponectin in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was increased by aging, but not in SOL muscle. Aging had no effect on the expression level of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in both muscles. Phosphorylation level of AMPK in EDL was increased by aging, but not SOL muscle. Results from this study suggest that high level of circulating adiponectin may induce skeletal muscle atrophy, especially fast-type muscle.
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Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Adiponectin and coronary artery disease risk: A bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 268:222-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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114
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Willson C, Watanabe M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Makino A. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol 2018; 597:1121-1141. [PMID: 30125956 DOI: 10.1113/jp275856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a critically important precursor to the onset of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The primary risk factors of metabolic syndrome include hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, and high blood pressure. It has been well documented that metabolic syndrome alters vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions in the heart, brain, kidney and peripheral vessels. However, there is less information available regarding how metabolic syndrome can affect pulmonary vascular function and ultimately increase an individual's risk of developing various pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review in detail how metabolic syndrome affects pulmonary vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Willson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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