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Naegeli H, Bresson JL, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, Firbank LG, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Moreno FJ, Mullins E, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Ardizzone M, Álvarez F, Fernandez Dumont A, Gennaro A, Lanzoni A, Neri FM, Papadopoulou N, Paraskevopoulos K, De Sanctis G, Raffaello T, Federici S, Koukoulanaki M. Assessment of genetically modified maize Bt11 × MIR162 × MIR604 × 1507 × 5307 × GA21 and subcombinations, for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-DE-2011-103). EFSA J 2019; 17:e05635. [PMID: 32626276 PMCID: PMC7009178 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize Bt11 × MIR162 × MIR604 × 1507 × 5307 × GA21 (six-event stack maize) was produced by conventional crossing to combine six single events: Bt11, MIR162, MIR604, 1507, 5307 and GA21. The GMO Panel previously assessed the six single events and 22 of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the maize single events or their 22 combinations that could lead to modification of the original conclusions on their safety have been identified. The molecular characterisation, comparative analysis (agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics) and the outcome of the toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional assessment indicate that the combination of the single maize events and of the newly expressed proteins in the six-event stack maize does not give rise to food and feed safety and nutritional concerns. The GMO Panel concludes that the six-event stack maize, as described in this application, is as safe as and nutritionally equivalent to its non-GM comparator and the non-GM reference varieties tested. In the case of accidental release of viable grains of the six-event stack maize into the environment, this would not raise environmental safety concerns. The GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events in the 34 maize subcombinations not previously assessed and concludes that these are expected to be as safe as and nutritionally equivalent to the single events, the previously assessed subcombinations and the six-event stack maize. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of the six-event stack maize. Post-market monitoring of food/feed is not considered necessary. The GMO Panel concludes that the six-event stack maize and its subcombinations are as safe as its non-GM comparator and the tested non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.
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102
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Elmadfa I, Meyer AL, Kuen T, Wagner K, Hasenegger V. Zinc intake and status in Austria in the light of different reference values. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 87:169-178. [PMID: 30714857 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has been identified as a critical micronutrient also in high-income countries. There is still some uncertainty about the evaluation of zinc sufficiency due to divergent daily intake reference values. We wanted to exemplify this issue using data from the Austrian Study on Nutritional Status 2012. Plasma zinc concentrations were measured in a nationally representative sample of 872 persons aged 6-80 years (55.5 % female). Dietary zinc intake was estimated from two 24h dietary recalls. Additionally, parameters of the antioxidative status (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidative capacity) and activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were determined. Zinc status was marginal in schoolchildren (40 % of boys and 22 % of girls) and in elderly (28 % of men and 33 % of women). Dietary zinc intake was also unsatisfactory in these groups with 38 % of boys and 32 % of girls and 64.5 % of older men below the nationally recommended intake levels. However, the adequacy of zinc intake varied with different reference values. Adults were more likely to meet the D-A-CH reference values and those from the European Food Safety Authority than the recommendations of the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) and the Institute of Medicine, whereas children met the IZiNCG values best. Zinc status correlated weakly with AP activity (r = -0.298, p < 0.001) and some antioxidant status markers (CAT, MDA, GSH-PX, SOD), especially in the elderly (MDA: r = -0.527, p < 0.001, and SOD: r = -0.466, p = 0.002). Our results suggest a suboptimal zinc supply in Austria particularly among schoolchildren and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elmadfa
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexa L Meyer
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Kuen
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Wagner
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Hasenegger
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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103
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Pike V, Zlotkin S. Excess micronutrient intake: defining toxic effects and upper limits in vulnerable populations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1446:21-43. [PMID: 30569544 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive micronutrient intake causes a variety of adverse health effects, depending on dose and duration. The risk of excess intake carries significant implications for micronutrient delivery interventions, particularly when such programs are overlapping. To minimize risk and provide public health guidance, several countries and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization have set upper intake levels (ULs) for various life-stage populations using the risk assessment framework. However, there is a lack of international consensus on the actual ULs due to variability in application of this framework and a scarcity of evidence from which to draw upon, especially for children. Often ULs for children are established through a downward weight-based extrapolation from adult ULs, which is not always appropriate. The published ULs of nine organizations are compared, recent population nutrient intake evidence is presented, and the toxic effects of key minerals and vitamins are reviewed. Finally, the evidence for toxicity and setting of ULs for each nutrient is discussed including a comment on our degree of confidence in the strength of existing individual ULs. Challenges with risk assessment and opportunities for strengthening the definition of ULs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pike
- The Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- The Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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104
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Filippini T, Cilloni S, Malavolti M, Violi F, Malagoli C, Tesauro M, Bottecchi I, Ferrari A, Vescovi L, Vinceti M. Dietary intake of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc in a Northern Italy community. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:508-517. [PMID: 29548610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the dietary intakes of six trace elements (cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc), generally characterized by both nutritional and toxicological features depending on their exposure. Being diet the most relevant source of exposure to trace elements in non-professionally exposed subjects, we measured content of these trace elements in foods composing the typical Italian diet using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and assessing dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire we eventually estimated dietary daily intake of trace elements in a Northern Italian community. In the 890 analyzed food samples, the main contributors to cadmium intake are cereals, vegetables and sweets, while cereals, beverages and vegetable are to primary source of manganese. The primary contributors for copper are cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables, while for chromium are beverages, cereals and meat. The main source of selenium intake are cereals and meat, followed by fish, seafood and milk and dairy products, while of zinc intake are meat, cereals, milk and dairy products. In our Italian population sample, the estimated median (interquartile range) dietary daily intakes are 5.00 (3.17-7.65), 56.70 (36.08-86.70) and 66.53 (40.04-101.32) μg/day for cadmium, chromium and selenium, and corresponding figures are 0.98 (0.61-1.49), 2.34 (1.46-3.52) and 8.50 (5.21-12.48) mg/day for copper, manganese and zinc. The estimated intakes are generally within the average intake reported in other European populations, and in such cases well above the daily dietary intakes recommended by national international agencies, avoiding the risk of excess or deficiency. The present estimated intake data can be used to examine a specific trace element of interest and would afford enhanced health protection from those trace elements characterized by both nutritional and toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cilloni
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Violi
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Tesauro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bottecchi
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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105
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Esposito G, Meloni D, Abete MC, Colombero G, Mantia M, Pastorino P, Prearo M, Pais A, Antuofermo E, Squadrone S. The bivalve Ruditapes decussatus: A biomonitor of trace elements pollution in Sardinian coastal lagoons (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1720-1728. [PMID: 30064872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic contamination of water bodies with metals via fertilizer, industrial sewage and urban wastewater has resulted in widespread problems in aquatic organisms, but also poses a risk to consumer health. Shellfish from coastal and estuarine environments bioaccumulate toxic metals in their tissues due to their ability to concentrate inorganic contaminants several orders of magnitude above ambient levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of trace elements in adult specimens of indigenous clams (Ruditapes decussatus). To this end, wild clams were collected from four different brackish areas of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea, Italy) devoted to extensive aquacultural practices. The concentration of 16 trace elements (Al, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Tl and Zn) in the tissues of the clams was quantified. The legal limits set by European Regulations for cadmium; mercury and lead were never exceeded. However, unexpectedly high values for aluminium and iron (mean 207 mg kg⁻1 and 113 mg kg⁻1 wet weight) were found in Santa Gilla lagoon, which is close to industrial settlements and had the highest values for the majority of chemical elements investigated. The highest values of the metalloid arsenic (As) were reported in the Porto Pozzo and San Teodoro lagoons (9.6 and 6.8 mg kg⁻1 w.w., respectively). The clam R. decussatus confirmed the capacity of bivalves as suitable bioindicators of trace elements pollution. Further investigations are necessary for constant monitoring of clams, 32 which constitute an important traditional resource for the fishing activity in Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Meloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Martino Mantia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Pais
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
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106
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Fairweather-Tait SJ, de Sesmaisons A. Approaches used to estimate bioavailability when deriving dietary reference values for iron and zinc in adults. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 78:1-7. [PMID: 30049292 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to describe approaches used to estimate bioavailability when deriving dietary reference values (DRV) for iron and zinc using the factorial approach. Various values have been applied by different expert bodies to convert absorbed iron or zinc into dietary intakes, and these are summarised in this review. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) derived zinc requirements from a trivariate saturation response model describing the relationship between zinc absorption and dietary zinc and phytate. The average requirement for men and women was determined as the intercept of the total absorbed zinc needed to meet physiological requirements, calculated according to body weight, with phytate intake levels of 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg/d, which are representative of mean/median intakes observed in European populations. For iron, the method employed by EFSA was to use whole body iron losses, determined from radioisotope dilution studies, to calculate the quantity of absorbed iron required to maintain null balance. Absorption from the diet was estimated from a probability model based on measures of iron intake and status and physiological requirements for absorbed iron. Average dietary requirements were derived for men and pre- and post-menopausal women. Taking into consideration the complexity of deriving DRV for iron and zinc, mainly due to the limited knowledge on dietary bioavailability, it appears that EFSA has made maximum use of the most relevant up-to-date data to develop novel and transparent DRV for these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Fairweather-Tait
- Norwich Medical School,Bob Champion Research and Educational Building,University of East Anglia,James Watson Road,Norwich NR4 7UQ,UK
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107
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Semla M, Schwarcz P, Mezey J, Binkowski ŁJ, Błaszczyk M, Formicki G, Greń A, Stawarz R, Massanyi P. Biogenic and Risk Elements in Wines from the Slovak Market with the Estimation of Consumer Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:33-41. [PMID: 28988282 PMCID: PMC5992241 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Wine consumption delivers macroelements and microelements necessary for the proper metabolism. On the other hand, wine can be an important source of toxic metals. The aim of this study was to estimate the concentrations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Slovak and non-Slovak wines. The concentration of metals was evaluated with respect to the type, the alcohol content, and the age of Slovak wine. The general scheme of concentrations found was as follows Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Ni > Cu > Hg. The type of wine and the alcohol content do not have a significant impact on metal concentrations. Also, the age of wine has no influence on the mean concentration of metals, except for Zn. Metal concentrations in Slovak and non-Slovak wines indicate similar contents of metals, except for Ni. The contribution to both dietary reference values (DRVs) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) evaluations in the Slovak wine suggested low dietary exposure to Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. However, we do not suggest that the consumption of all Slovak wines is healthy. The maximum Pb concentrations in Slovak wines exceed the maximum permitted level proposed by the European Commission. This might be proved by the results of the margin of the exposure (MOE) value evaluation in the samples containing the maximum Pb concentrations, showing a high risk of CKD and SBP in high and extreme consumption groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Semla
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pavol Schwarcz
- Department of EU Policies, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mezey
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Tulipánová 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Łukasz J. Binkowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Błaszczyk
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Stawarz
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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108
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Battuello M, Nurra N, Sartor RM, Riva A, Staiti M, Benedetto A, Pessani D, Abete MC. Trace metal occurrence in Mediterranean seaweeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9708-9721. [PMID: 29368198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been used as animal feed since a long time and are consumed as food in several cultures. In fact, macroalgae are a source of protein, fiber, polyunsaturated fat, and minerals. The concentration of trace elements was determined in dominant macroalga species from three sites of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. A high interspecies variability was observed, with higher metal levels in brown and green than those in red seaweeds. The maximum values set by European regulations for arsenic, mercury, and cadmium in food and feed were never exceeded, but a few samples were very close to limits set for mercury. Conversely, the maximum limit for lead in feed was exceeded in all species from one of the considered sites. Analogously, lead in seaweeds could constitute a potential risk for human health, due to the exceeding of the maximum value set for food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Battuello
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Nurra
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Rocco Mussat Sartor
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Staiti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Pessani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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109
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Transfer of major and trace elements along the “farm-to-fork” chain of different whole grain products. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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110
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Spiro A, Lockyer S. Nutraceuticals and skin appearance: Is there any evidence to support this growing trend? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Spiro
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
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111
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112
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Lachat C, Raneri JE, Smith KW, Kolsteren P, Van Damme P, Verzelen K, Penafiel D, Vanhove W, Kennedy G, Hunter D, Odhiambo FO, Ntandou-Bouzitou G, De Baets B, Ratnasekera D, Ky HT, Remans R, Termote C. Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:127-132. [PMID: 29255049 PMCID: PMC5776793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709194115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is key for human and environmental health. Available dietary and ecological indicators are not designed to assess the intricate relationship between food biodiversity and diet quality. We applied biodiversity indicators to dietary intake data from and assessed associations with diet quality of women and young children. Data from 24-hour diet recalls (55% in the wet season) of n = 6,226 participants (34% women) in rural areas from seven low- and middle-income countries were analyzed. Mean adequacies of vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc and diet diversity score (DDS) were used to assess diet quality. Associations of biodiversity indicators with nutrient adequacy were quantified using multilevel models, receiver operating characteristic curves, and test sensitivity and specificity. A total of 234 different species were consumed, of which <30% were consumed in more than one country. Nine species were consumed in all countries and provided, on average, 61% of total energy intake and a significant contribution of micronutrients in the wet season. Compared with Simpson's index of diversity and functional diversity, species richness (SR) showed stronger associations and better diagnostic properties with micronutrient adequacy. For every additional species consumed, dietary nutrient adequacy increased by 0.03 (P < 0.001). Diets with higher nutrient adequacy were mostly obtained when both SR and DDS were maximal. Adding SR to the minimum cutoff for minimum diet diversity improved the ability to detect diets with higher micronutrient adequacy in women but not in children. Dietary SR is recommended as the most appropriate measure of food biodiversity in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Jessica E Raneri
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Katherine Walker Smith
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Damme
- Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Kaat Verzelen
- Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela Penafiel
- Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Rural Research Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Nutrition, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, 090608 Ecuador
| | - Wouter Vanhove
- Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Danny Hunter
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Francis Oduor Odhiambo
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Mathematical Modeling, Statistics, and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Disna Ratnasekera
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, 81100 Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Hoang The Ky
- HealthBridge Foundation of Canada, 10000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roseline Remans
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
| | - Céline Termote
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese (Rome), Italy
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Alves RN, Maulvault AL, Barbosa VL, Fernandez-Tejedor M, Tediosi A, Kotterman M, van den Heuvel FHM, Robbens J, Fernandes JO, Romme Rasmussen R, Sloth JJ, Marques A. Oral bioaccessibility of toxic and essential elements in raw and cooked commercial seafood species available in European markets. Food Chem 2017; 267:15-27. [PMID: 29934150 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oral bioaccessibility of several essential and toxic elements was investigated in raw and cooked commercially available seafood species from European markets. Bioaccessibility varied between seafood species and elements. Methylmercury bioaccessibility varied between 10 (octopus) and 60% (monkfish). Arsenic (>64%) was the toxic element showing the highest bioaccessibility. Concerning essential elements bioaccessibility in raw seafood, selenium (73%) and iodine (71%) revealed the highest percentages. The bioaccessibility of elements in steamed products increased or decreased according to species. For example, methylmercury bioaccessibility decreased significantly after steaming in all species, while zinc bioaccessibility increased in fish (tuna and plaice) but decreased in molluscs (mussel and octopus). Together with human exposure assessment and risk characterization, this study could contribute to the establishment of new maximum permissible concentrations for toxic elements in seafood by the European food safety authorities, as well as recommended intakes for essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Alves
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vera L Barbosa
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarita Fernandez-Tejedor
- Marine Monitoring, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research & Technology (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Johan Robbens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMT, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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115
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Esposito M, Miedico O, Cavallo S, Pellicanò R, Rosato G, Baldi L, Chiaravalle AE. Trace elements in raw milk of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Campania, Italy. Food Chem 2017; 233:378-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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116
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Natural fortification of trout with dietary macroalgae and selenised-yeast increases the nutritional contribution in iodine and selenium. Food Res Int 2017; 99:1103-1109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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117
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Liu Z, Xie W, Li M, Teng N, Liang X, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wang X. Oral Administration of Polaprezinc Attenuates Fluorouracil-induced Intestinal Mucositis in a Mouse Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:480-486. [PMID: 28667794 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Tumor Marker Research Center; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Wenbo Xie
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Mingru Li
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Nan Teng
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC); The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Tumor Marker Research Center; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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118
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Gammoh NZ, Rink L. Zinc in Infection and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:E624. [PMID: 28629136 PMCID: PMC5490603 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient homeostasis is a key factor in maintaining a healthy immune system. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is involved in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. Zinc deficiency leads to cell-mediated immune dysfunctions among other manifestations. Consequently, such dysfunctions lead to a worse outcome in the response towards bacterial infection and sepsis. For instance, zinc is an essential component of the pathogen-eliminating signal transduction pathways leading to neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation, as well as inducing cell-mediated immunity over humoral immunity by regulating specific factors of differentiation. Additionally, zinc deficiency plays a role in inflammation, mainly elevating inflammatory response as well as damage to host tissue. Zinc is involved in the modulation of the proinflammatory response by targeting Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is the master regulator of proinflammatory responses. It is also involved in controlling oxidative stress and regulating inflammatory cytokines. Zinc plays an intricate function during an immune response and its homeostasis is critical for sustaining proper immune function. This review will summarize the latest findings concerning the role of this micronutrient during the course of infections and inflammatory response and how the immune system modulates zinc depending on different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Zahi Gammoh
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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119
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Rychen G, Aquilina G, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, Bastos MDL, Bories G, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Flachowsky G, Gropp J, Kolar B, Kouba M, López Puente S, López Alonso M, Mayo B, Ramos F, Saarela M, Villa RE, Wallace RJ, Wester P, Pechova A, López-Gálvez G, Mantovani A. Safety and efficacy of zinc chelate of methionine sulfate for all animal species. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04859. [PMID: 32625522 PMCID: PMC7009879 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The additive 'Zinc chelate of methionine sulfate' is zinc chelated with methionine in a molar ratio 1:1, with a minimum zinc content of 19.1%. Owing to the limitations of the tolerance study, it could not be used for the assessment of safety for target animals; therefore, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) cannot conclude on the safety of zinc chelate of methionine sulfate for the target species. No concerns for consumer safety are expected from the use of the zinc chelate of methionine sulfate in animal nutrition when used up to the maximum EU authorised zinc levels in feed. Zinc chelate of methionine sulfate should be considered as a skin and eye irritant, and as a skin sensitiser; it is considered to pose a risk by inhalation to the users. The additive under assessment, zinc chelate of methionine sulfate, is intended to be a substitute for other authorised zinc additives and will not further increase the environmental burden of zinc; therefore, the FEEDAP Panel considers that the use of the additive in animal nutrition would not pose an additional risk for the environment. Based on literature studies and a specific study conducted with the additive under assessment, zinc chelate of methionine sulfate is an available source of zinc for all animal species.
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120
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Walton J, Kehoe L, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Flynn A. Nutrient intakes and compliance with nutrient recommendations in children aged 1-4 years in Ireland. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 30:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - L. Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - B. A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - A. P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - A. Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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121
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Miller LV, Hambidge KM, King JC, Westcott JE, Krebs NF. Predictors of the Size of the Exchangeable Zinc Pool Differ between Children and Adults. J Nutr 2017; 147:187-194. [PMID: 27903832 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.239541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size of the rapidly exchanging pool of body zinc has been suggested as having potential utility as a biomarker of zinc status. Knowledge of the relations of exchangeable zinc pool (EZP) size to relevant variables is necessary to adequately evaluate its use as a biomarker. OBJECTIVE We used regression analysis to investigate associations of EZP with age, sex, body size, and zinc nutrition variables. METHODS Data were compiled from 18 isotope tracer studies of zinc absorption in 247 children and adults (248 observations) in which EZP and relevant variables (e.g., weight, age, absorbed zinc) were measured. Linear regression analyses were performed separately on data from adults and children. RESULTS In children, EZP was most strongly associated with weight (r = 0.78). The best-fitting regression models of EZP (R2 ≥ 0.68) had weight or age and weight-for-age z score as predictors. Other variables had little effect on EZP when controlling for weight. Absorbed zinc was observed to be a predictor of EZP only in zinc intervention trials of infants. The mean EZP/wt was 4 mg/kg between 8 and 120 mo of age. In adults, EZP was observed to vary in a complex manner with (in order of importance) age, absorbed zinc, weight, sex, and plasma zinc concentration. EZP data from zinc-deprived subjects were lower than the 95% prediction interval of a model of normative data. CONCLUSIONS EZP was observed to maintain a constant size relative to weight and was influenced only slightly by other factors in children. In contrast, EZP in adults varied with several factors, including absorbed zinc, and was statistically smaller in zinc-deprived individuals. The findings suggest that EZP may have utility as an indicator of zinc status in adults, but there is less evidence for this in children. Additional data are needed to reach a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Nancy F Krebs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
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122
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Perignon M, Barré T, Gazan R, Amiot MJ, Darmon N. The bioavailability of iron, zinc, protein and vitamin A is highly variable in French individual diets: Impact on nutrient inadequacy assessment and relation with the animal-to-plant ratio of diets. Food Chem 2016; 238:73-81. [PMID: 28867104 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional adequacy depends on nutrient intakes and bioavailability which strongly varies with the plant- or animal-origin of foods. The aim was to estimate iron, zinc, protein and vitamin A bioavailability from individual diets, and investigate its relation with the animal-to-plant ratio (A/P) of diets. Bioavailability was estimated in 1899 French diets using diet-based algorithms or food-group specific conversion factors. Nutrient inadequacy was estimated based on i) bioavailability calculated in each individual diet and ii) average bioavailability assumed for Western-diets. Mean iron absorption, zinc absorption, protein quality and β-carotene conversion factor were 13%, 30%, 92%, and 17:1, respectively. Bioavailability displayed a high variability between individual diets, poorly explained by their A/P. Using individual bioavailability led to different inadequacy prevalence than with average factors assumed for Western-diets. In this population, the A/P does not seem sufficient to predict nutrient bioavailability and the corresponding recommended intakes. Nutritional adequacy should be assessed using bioavailability accounting for individual diets composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tangui Barré
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Rozenn Gazan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France; MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France; UMR MOISA, INRA 1110, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France; UMR MOISA, INRA 1110, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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123
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Stančić Z, Vujević D, Gomaz A, Bogdan S, Vincek D. Detection of heavy metals in common vegetables at Varaždin City Market, Croatia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67:340-350. [PMID: 28033096 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the estimation of heavy metal content in vegetables sold at the city market of one of the densely populated Croatian cities, Varaždin, and to establish the relationship between their levels and possible sources of contamination. Twenty-eight samples of the most common diet vegetables (red and white potato, onion, carrot, common bean, lettuce, and cabbage) were randomly bought at the market in September and October 2013. Using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in the selected samples. The results showed that, in five out of 28 samples analysed, six concentrations exceeded the maximum levels provided for in the regulations: five for Pb and one for Cd. Maximum regulated levels for Pb were exceeded in two samples of red potato, two samples of common bean, and one sample of carrot (17.9 %), and for Cd in a sample of red potato (3.6 %). In conclusion, the cause of the overstepping of the maximum levels for Pb and Cd in the vegetables analysed was most likely the contaminated soil. The possible sources of soil contamination include traffic, nearby industry, floodwaters of rivers and streams, and the use of pesticides and fertilisers in agricultural production.
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124
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Gomez BG, Perez-Corona MT, Madrid Y. Availability of zinc from infant formula by in vitro methods (solubility and dialyzability) and size-exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9405-9414. [PMID: 27771091 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc bioaccessibility from infant formula was estimated by in vitro methods (solubility and dialyzability) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Infant formula samples were first characterized in terms of Zn bound to lipids and proteins and Zn distribution in the aqueous soluble protein fraction. We found that Zn is not incorporated into the lipid fraction of the samples, being mainly associated with the protein fraction (around 100%). Fractionation of Zn-containing proteins in the soluble protein fraction was achieved by SEC-ICP-MS after performing protein extraction with a solution of 100mM (pH 6.8) Tris-HCl. The percentages of zinc in the soluble protein fraction in the soy-based and lactose-free infant formula were very low, around 7 and 24%, respectively, whereas the content of Zn in the soluble protein fraction of milk-based formula was around 90%. By SEC-ICP-MS, we found that Zn is associated with low-molecular weight compounds (around 10kDa) in all the infant formulas tested. The percentages of Zn estimated in the in vitro gastrointestinal digests of the infant formula ranged from 30 to 70% and from 1 to 10% for solubility and dialyzability assays, respectively. The dialyzability test resulted in lower than expected scores, as SEC-ICP-MS analysis of the gastrointestinal extracts revealed that Zn is bound to biomolecules with a molecular weight ranging from 1 to 7kDa, which suggests that dialysis data should be interpreted with caution. Speciation studies are a valuable tool for establishing availability of nutrients and for validating data from dialyzable in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gomez Gomez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Perez-Corona
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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125
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Squadrone S, Burioli E, Monaco G, Koya MK, Prearo M, Gennero S, Dominici A, Abete MC. Human exposure to metals due to consumption of fish from an artificial lake basin close to an active mining area in Katanga (D.R. Congo). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:679-684. [PMID: 26953137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentrations of 14 essential and nonessential trace elements were determined in fish from Lake Tshangalele, Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo. This province has been a place of intensive mining activities for centuries, which have increased in recent years, due to the use of metals such as copper and cobalt for the industries of fast-growing countries. Lake Tshangalele, which receives effluents from metallurgical and mining plants in Likasi, is home to several fish species that are an important part of the diet of the local population, and, therefore, it constitutes a relevant site for documenting the human exposure to metals as a result of a fish diet. The highest concentrations (median levels, dry weight) of cobalt (7.25mgkg(-1)), copper (88.1mgkg(-1)), iron (197.5mgkg(-1)), manganese (65.35mgkg(-1)), zinc (122.9mgkg(-1)) and aluminum (135.4mgkg(-1)) were found in fish collected closest to the copper mining plant, with decreasing concentrations along the lake, up to the dam. In the most contaminated fish samples, values of up to 270.1mgkg(-1) for Al, 173.1mgkg(-1) for Cu, 220.9mgkg(-1) for Zn, 211.0mgkg(-1) for Mn, 324.2mgkg(-1) for Fe, 15.1mgkg(-1) for Co, 4.2mgkg(-1) for Cr, 1.6mgkg(-1) for Cd, 1.9mgkg(-1) for Pb, and 1.8mgkg(-1) for Ni were found. Metal contamination from mining activity resulted in being of great concern because of potential health risks to the local inhabitants due to the consumption of heavily contaminated fish. CAPSULE High levels of metals, especially cobalt, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc and cadmium were found in fish from Tshangalele water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - E Burioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - G Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M K Koya
- Institut Supérieur d'Etudes Agronomiques (ISEA) de Kaseya/Kongolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - M Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - S Gennero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - A Dominici
- Independent Veterinarian Researcher, Turin, Italy
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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126
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Esposito M, Cavallo S, Chiaravalle E, Miedico O, Pellicanò R, Rosato G, Sarnelli P, Baldi L. Trace elements in free-range hen eggs in the Campania region (Italy) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:326. [PMID: 27147239 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Eggs from hens raised on rural or domestic farms are a good indicator of environmental contamination, as the hens are in close contact with the ground and the air and can therefore accumulate heavy metals and other toxic contaminants from the environment as well as from the diet. In this paper, we report the results of the determination of 19 trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) in 39 hen egg samples collected from domestic poultry farms in the territory dubbed the "Land of fires" in the Campania region (Italy). This area is characterized by environmental problems caused by the illegal dumping of industrial or domestic waste in fields or by roadsides. In some cases, these wastes have been burned, thereby spreading persistent contaminants into the atmosphere. The content of trace elements in whole egg samples was determined by mass spectrometer after a microwave-assisted digestion procedure. Because European legislation does not indicate maximum values of these elements in this foodstuff, the results were compared with the content of trace elements reported in literature for eggs, in particular home-produced eggs, in various countries. In some cases (Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn), the content determined in this study was in line with those reported elsewhere, in other cases (Pb, Cr), lower values were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cavallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
| | - Eugenio Chiaravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Oto Miedico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Pellicanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
| | - Guido Rosato
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Regione Campania - Centro Direzionale is. C3, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Sarnelli
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Regione Campania - Centro Direzionale is. C3, Napoli, Italy
| | - Loredana Baldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
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127
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Armah SM. Fractional Zinc Absorption for Men, Women, and Adolescents Is Overestimated in the Current Dietary Reference Intakes. J Nutr 2016; 146:1276-80. [PMID: 27146920 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.225607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fractional zinc absorption values used in the current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for zinc were based on data from published studies. However, the inhibitory effect of phytate was underestimated because of the low phytate content of the diets in the studies used. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the fractional absorption of dietary zinc from the US diet by using 2 published algorithms. METHODS Nutrient intake data were obtained from the NHANES 2009-2010 and the corresponding Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Data were analyzed with the use of R software by taking into account the complex survey design. The International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG; Brown et al. Food Nutr Bull 2004;25:S99-203) and Miller et al. (Br J Nutr 2013;109:695-700) models were used to estimate zinc absorption. RESULTS Geometric means (95% CIs) of zinc absorption for all subjects were 30.1% (29.9%, 30.2%) or 31.3% (30.9%, 31.6%) with the use of the IZiNCG model and Miller et al. model, respectively. For men, women, and adolescents, absorption values obtained in this study with the use of the 2 models were 27.2%, 31.4%, and 30.1%, respectively, for the IZiNCG model and 28.0%, 33.0%, and 31.6%, respectively, for the Miller et al. model, compared with the 41%, 48%, and 40%, respectively, used in the current DRIs. For preadolescents, estimated absorption values (31.1% and 32.8% for the IZiNCG model and Miller et al. model, respectively) compare well with the conservative estimate of 30% used in the DRIs. When the new estimates of zinc absorption were applied to the current DRI values for men and women, the results suggest that the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and RDA for these groups need to be increased by nearly one-half of the current values in order to meet their requirements for absorbed zinc. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that zinc absorption is overestimated for men, women, and adolescents in the current DRI. Upward adjustments of the DRI for these groups are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Armah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chromium, zinc, and magnesium are involved in insulin signal transduction, glucose metabolism, and cellular antioxidative defense. This review details the statuses of chromium, zinc, and magnesium in type 1 diabetes patients. RECENT FINDINGS Blood levels of trace elements (especially magnesium and zinc) were lower in type 1 diabetes patients than in controls and were even lower in type 1 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control. Studies with mouse models have shown that chromium and magnesium supplementation alleviated diabetes-induced complications and improved glycemic control. SUMMARY Many studies indicated positive correlations between decreased levels of serum chromium, zinc, and magnesium and poor glycemic control. The supplementation of type 1 diabetes patients with zinc, magnesium, and chromium may help to control diabetes and prevent diabetes-related oxidative injuries, but require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiang Lin
- aDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung bPlanning Department, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung cDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University dDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital eDepartment of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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129
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Scientific Opinion on the safety evaluation of the substance zinc oxide, nanoparticles, uncoated and coated with [3‐(methacryloxy)propyl] trimethoxysilane, for use in food contact materials. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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130
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Perelló G, Vicente E, Castell V, Llobet JM, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Dietary intake of trace elements by the population of Catalonia (Spain): results from a total diet study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:748-55. [PMID: 25685983 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1018844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the concentrations of Al, Ba, Bi, Cu, Cr, Ge, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn in food samples collected in 2008 in Catalonia (Spain). The dietary intake of these 13 trace elements was subsequently estimated by different age-gender groups of the population: children, adolescents, adults and seniors. In general terms, fish and shellfish, cereals, and pulses were the food groups showing the highest levels for most elements. Higher dietary intakes were associated with male groups (adolescents, adults and seniors). However, none exceeded the tolerable levels. When exposure was estimated based on body weight, children were the group with the highest dietary intake. Notwithstanding, only the weekly intake of Al by children exceeded the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). It is a consequence of the higher intake of cereals in relation to their respective body weights. In addition to the periodical food surveillance of toxic metals (As, Cd, Hg and Pb), it is also important to determine the levels of other trace elements in order to ensure that the dietary exposure by the Catalan population is under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Perelló
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
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