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Impact of phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 on the expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts during mechanical strain. J Orofac Orthop 2022; 84:143-153. [PMID: 35445818 PMCID: PMC10126016 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex process involving the remodeling of extracellular matrix and bone as well as inflammatory processes. During orthodontic treatment, sterile inflammation and mechanical loading favor the production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Simultaneously, expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) is inhibited. This stimulates bone resorption on the pressure side. Recently, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was shown to be expressed in the periodontal ligament after force application and to interfere with inflammatory processes. METHODS We investigated the effects of phosphorylated HSP27 on collagen synthesis (COL1A2 mRNA), inflammation (IL1B mRNA, IL6 mRNA, PTGS2 protein) and bone remodeling (RANKL protein, OPG protein) in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) without and with transfection of a plasmid mimicking permanent phosphorylation of HSP27 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Furthermore, we investigated PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis after compressive strain in a co-culture model with human macrophages. RESULTS In particular, phosphorylated HSP27 increased gene expression of COL1A2 and protein expression of PTGS2, while IL6 mRNA levels were reduced. Furthermore, we observed an increasing effect on the RANKL/OPG ratio and osteoclastogenesis mediated by PDLF. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation of HSP27 may therefore be involved in the regulation of orthodontic tooth movement by impairment of the sterile inflammation response and osteoclastogenesis.
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Heat shock proteins and the calcineurin-crz1 signaling regulate stress responses in fungi. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:240. [PMID: 35377020 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (Hsps) act as a molecular chaperone to stabilize client proteins involved in various cell functions in fungi. Hsps are classified into different families such as HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs (sHsps). Hsp90, a well-studied member of the Hsp family proteins, plays a role in growth, cell survival, and pathogenicity in fungi. Hsp70 and sHsps are involved in the development, tolerance to stress conditions, and drug resistance in fungi. Hsp60 is a mitochondrial chaperone, and Hsp40 regulates fungal ATPase machinery. In this review, we describe the cell functions, regulation, and the molecular link of the Hsps with the calcineurin-crz1 calcium signaling pathway for their role in cell survival, growth, virulence, and drug resistance in fungi and related organisms.
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Vila-Casahonda RG, Lozano-Aponte J, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. HSP60-Derived Peptide as an LPS/TLR4 Modulator: An in silico Approach. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:731376. [PMID: 35433873 PMCID: PMC9010565 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.731376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of innate immunity mechanisms, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway serves as one of the mainstay lines of defense against pathogenic microorganisms and cell dysfunction. Nevertheless, TLR overactivation induces a systemic proinflammatory environment compromising organ function or causing the patient’s death. TLRs modulators, specially those focused for TLR4, remain a promising approach for inflammatory diseases treatment, being peptide-based therapy a trendy approach. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) not only plays a pivotal role in the development of several maladies with strong inflammatory components but also HSP60 peptides possess anti-inflammatory properties in TLR4-mediated diseases, such as diabetes, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. The experimental treatment using HSP60 peptides has proven to be protective in preclinical models of the heart by hampering inflammation and modulating the activity of immune cells. Nonetheless, the effect that these peptides may exert directly on cells that express TLR and its role to inhibit overactivation remain elusive. The aim of this study is to evaluate by molecular docking, a 15 amino acid long-HSP60 peptide (Peptide-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding site of TLR4/MD2, finding most Peptide-2 resulting conformations posed into the hydrophobic pocket of MD2. This observation is supported by binding energy obtained for the control antagonist Eritoran, close to those of Peptide-2. This last does not undergo drastic structural changes, moving into a delimited space, and maintaining the same orientation during molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the two computational techniques applied, interaction patterns were defined for Peptide-2. With these results, it is plausible to propose a peptidic approach for TLR4 modulation as a new innovative therapy to the treatment of TLR4-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gustavo Vila-Casahonda
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Lozano-Aponte
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán,
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Wang M, Liu Y, Bi X, Ma H, Zeng G, Guo J, Guo M, Ling Y, Zhao C. Genome-Wide Detection of Copy Number Variants in Chinese Indigenous Horse Breeds and Verification of CNV-Overlapped Genes Related to Heat Adaptation of the Jinjiang Horse. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040603. [PMID: 35456409 PMCID: PMC9033042 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, genome-wide CNVs were detected in a total of 301 samples from 10 Chinese indigenous horse breeds using the Illumina Equine SNP70 Bead Array, and the candidate genes related to adaptability to high temperature and humidity in Jinjiang horses were identified and validated. We determined a total of 577 CNVs ranging in size from 1.06 Kb to 2023.07 Kb on the 31 pairs of autosomes. By aggregating the overlapping CNVs for each breed, a total of 495 CNVRs were detected in the 10 Chinese horse breeds. As many as 211 breed-specific CNVRs were determined, of which 64 were found in the Jinjiang horse population. By removing repetitive CNV regions between breeds, a total of 239 CNVRs were identified in the Chinese indigenous horse breeds including 102 losses, 133 gains and 4 of both events (losses and gains in the same region), in which 131 CNVRs were novel and only detected in the present study compared with previous studies. The total detected CNVR length was 41.74 Mb, accounting for 1.83% of the total length of equine autosomal chromosomes. The coverage of CNVRs on each chromosome varied from 0.47% to 15.68%, with the highest coverage on ECA 12, but the highest number of CNVRs was detected on ECA1 and ECA24. A total of 229 genes overlapping with CNVRs were detected in the Jinjiang horse population, which is an indigenous horse breed unique to the southeastern coast of China exhibiting adaptability to high temperature and humidity. The functional annotation of these genes showed significant relation to cellular heat acclimation and immunity. The expression levels of the candidate genes were validated by heat shock treatment of various durations on fibroblasts of horses. The results show that the expression levels of HSPA1A were significantly increased among the different heat shock durations. The expression level of NFKBIA and SOCS4 declined from the beginning of heat shock to 2 h after heat shock and then showed a gradual increase until it reached the highest value at 6 h and 10 h of heat shock, respectively. Breed-specific CNVRs of Chinese indigenous horse breeds were revealed in the present study, and the results facilitate mapping CNVs on the whole genome and also provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to high temperature and humidity in the Jinjiang horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (X.B.); (Y.L.)
- Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Livestock and Poultry, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (X.B.); (Y.L.)
- Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Livestock and Poultry, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaokun Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (X.B.); (Y.L.)
- Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Livestock and Poultry, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongying Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Guorong Zeng
- Jinjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Quanzhou 362200, China; (G.Z.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jintu Guo
- Jinjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Quanzhou 362200, China; (G.Z.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Minghao Guo
- Jinjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Quanzhou 362200, China; (G.Z.); (J.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Yao Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (X.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (X.B.); (Y.L.)
- Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Livestock and Poultry, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang D, Wan Z, Yang Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Lu F, Tang J. Sonodynamical reversion of immunosuppressive microenvironment in prostate cancer via engineered exosomes. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:702-713. [PMID: 35236203 PMCID: PMC8903759 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2044937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) responds poorly to routine immunotherapy due to the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we describe an ultrasound-based drug delivery strategy to stimulate potent anti-tumor immunity via exosomes encapsulated with sonosensitizers Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and immune adjuvant R848, namely ExoCe6+R848. ExoCe6+R848 was constructed by simple co-incubation of Ce6 and R848 with HEK 293T cell-derived exosomes. The properties of exosomes were not affected after loading Ce6 and R848, and the exosomes were accumulated in the tumor site after intratumoral injection. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that ultrasonic irradiation enhanced R848-mediated DCs maturation when ExoCe6+R848 was engulfed by DCs, as demonstrated by the upregulated expression of CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, these engineered exosomes together with ultrasound irradiation could synergistically reprogram macrophages from an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype to an anti-tumor M1-like phenotype, further activating effector T cells and reverting the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The exosome delivery strategy not only supplies a paradigm for overcoming side effects of systemic delivery of Ce6 and R848, but also offers an effective combination regimen of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Health Medicine, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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106
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Xie J, Sun Y, Cao Y, Han L, Li Y, Ding B, Gao C, Hao P, Jin X, Chang Y, Song J, Yin D, Ding J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Growth and Development Advantages of Triploid Apostichopus japonicus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:151-162. [PMID: 35122573 PMCID: PMC8940865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid breeding is widely used in aquaculture as an important area of new research. We have previously grown Apostichopus japonicus triploids with a growth advantage. The body length, body weight, and aestivation time of triploid and diploid A. japonicus were measured in this study, and the transcriptome and metabolome were used to examine the growth advantage of triploids A. japonicus. The results showed that the proportion of triploid A. japonicus with a body length of 6-12 cm and 12-18 cm was significantly higher than that of diploid A. japonicus, and triploid A. japonicus had a shorter aestivation time (39 days) than diploid (63 days). We discovered 3296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 13 DEGs (for example, cyclin-dependent kinase 2) related to growth advantage, immune regulation, and energy storage were screened as potential candidates. According to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, DEGs were significantly enriched in the cytoplasm (cellular component), ATP binding process (molecular function), oxidation-reduction process (biological process), and other pathways. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment data, DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome production and other areas. We discovered 414 significant differential metabolites (SDMs), with 11 important SDMs (for example, nocodazole) linked to a growth advantage. SDMs are significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, as well as other pathways, according to the KEGG enrichment results. According to a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis, 6 DEGs have regulatory relationships with 11 SDMs, which act on 11 metabolic pathways together. Our results further enrich the biological data of triploid A. japonicus and provide useful resources for genetic improvement of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Lingshu Han
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, 315211
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Beichen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Chuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North China's Sea, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 116023.
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107
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Naddaf E, Dasari S, Selcen D, Charlesworth MC, Johnson KL, Mauermann ML, Kourelis T. Proteomic profiling of sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:391-402. [PMID: 35187860 PMCID: PMC8935314 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To define the proteomic profile of sporadic late‐onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) and explore its pathogenesis. Methods We performed mass spectrometry on laser‐dissected frozen muscle samples from five patients with SLONM, three of whom with an associated monoclonal protein (MP), and four controls, to determine the proteomic profile of SLONM. Furthermore, we assessed the role of the MP by evaluating the expression of the immunoglobulin light chain variable regions (IGVL). Results There were 294 differentially expressed proteins: 272 upregulated and 22 downregulated. Among the top 100 upregulated proteins, the most common categories were: nuclear or nucleic acid metabolism (24%), extracellular matrix and basal lamina (17%), immune response (13%), and actin dynamics (8%). Downregulated proteins consisted mostly of contractile proteins. Among upregulated proteins, there were 65 with a role related to the immune system, including eight proteins involved in major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC1) and antigen processing, 15 in MHCII complex and phagocytosis, and 23 in B and/or T‐cell function. Among nine upregulated immunoglobulin proteins, there were two IGVL genes. However, these were also detected in SLONM cases without an MP, with no evidence of clonally dominant immunoglobulin deposition. In muscle sections from SLONM patients, nemaline rods tended to accumulate in atrophic fibers with marked rarefaction of the myofibrils. Increased MHC1 reactivity was present in fibers containing nemaline rods as well as adjacent nonatrophic fibers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that aberrant immune activation is present in SLONM, but do not support a direct causal relationship between the MP and SLONM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Naddaf
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Qualitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duygu Selcen
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kenneth L Johnson
- Medical Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle L Mauermann
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Taxiarchis Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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108
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Wang L, Wei X. T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity in Glaucoma Neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803485. [PMID: 34975917 PMCID: PMC8716691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma as the leading neurodegenerative disease leads to blindness in 3.6 million people aged 50 years and older worldwide. For many decades, glaucoma therapy has primarily focused on controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and sound evidence supports its role in delaying the progress of retinal ganglial cell (RGC) damage and protecting patients from vision loss. Meanwhile, accumulating data point to the immune-mediated attack of the neural retina as the underlying pathological process behind glaucoma that may come independent of raised IOP. Recently, some scholars have suggested autoimmune aspects in glaucoma, with autoreactive T cells mediating the chief pathogenic process. This autoimmune process, as well as the pathological features of glaucoma, largely overlaps with other neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, immune modulation therapy, which is regarded as a potential solution for glaucoma, has been boosted in trials in some CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, novel insights into the T cell-mediated immunity and treatment in CNS neurodegenerative diseases may serve as valuable inspirations for ophthalmologists. This review focuses on the role of T cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and discusses potential applications of relevant findings of CNS neurodegenerative diseases in future glaucoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Ma J, Yang C, Zhong H, Wang C, Zhang K, Li X, Wu J, Gao Y. Role of HSP90α in osteoclast formation and osteoporosis development. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:273. [PMID: 35251339 PMCID: PMC8892609 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease that occurs most frequently in the elderly. The main pathogenesis of OP is excessive proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, in which the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway has a pivotal role. Recently, heat shock protein (HSP)90α has been identified as an important molecular chaperone with PPARγ, which regulates the effect of the PPARγ pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HSP90α involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and the process of osteoporosis. Firstly, the expression of HSP90α in osteoclast differentiation was detected by western blotting in vitro, then the effect of HSP90α inhibition on the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts was examined. Furthermore, the nuclear import of PPARγ was also assessed to confirm the synergistic effect of HSP90α. Finally, the inhibitory effect of HSP90α in vivo was explored, using a mouse model of osteoporosis. As a result, in the process of osteoclast differentiation and proliferation, the expression of HSP90α was upregulated. Inhibition of HSP90α could block the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and remit osteoporosis in mice. Regarding the underlying mechanism, inhibition of HSP90α could block the nuclear import of PPARγ to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. In conclusion, these data indicated that the inhibition of HSP90α could block osteoclast formation and remit osteoporosis by reducing the nuclear import of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Huajian Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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Baarz BR, Rink L. Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101541. [PMID: 34915196 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, aging is understood as a dynamic and multifaceted dysregulation process that spares almost no human organ or cell. The immune system being among the most affected, it has been shown predominantly that its integrity determines the tightrope walk between the difference of escaping or suffering from age-related diseases. Next to drug-based anti-aging strategies, micronutrient intervention may represent an emerging but less radical way to slow immune aging. While a sufficient supply of a variety of micronutrients is undeniably important, adequate intake of the trace element zinc appears to tower over others in terms of reaching old age. Inconveniently, zinc deficiency prevalence among the elderly is high, which in turn contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, decreased anti-tumor immunity as well as attenuated response to vaccination. Driven by this research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various rebalancing capabilities of zinc in the unbalanced immune system of the elderly. This includes an in-depth and cell type-centered discussion on the role of zinc in immunosenescence and inflammaging. We further address upcoming translational aspects e.g. how zinc deficiency promotes the flourishing of certain pathogenic taxa of the gut microbiome and how zinc supply counteracts such alterations in a manner that may contribute to longevity. In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we also briefly review current knowledge on the interdependency between age, zinc status, and respiratory infections. Based on two concrete examples and considering the latest findings in the field we conclude our remarks by outlining tremendous parallels between suboptimal zinc status and accelerated aging on the one hand and an optimized zinc status and successful aging on the other hand.
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Qin W, Shen L, Wang Q, Gao Y, She M, Li X, Tan Z. Chronic exposure to ammonia induces oxidative stress and enhanced glycolysis in lung of piglets. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:179-191. [PMID: 34806272 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major environmental pollutants in the pig industry that seriously affects the airway health of pigs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiling changes of piglets' lung tissue after the exposure of 0 ppm (CG), 20 ppm (LG) and 50 ppm (HG) ammonia for 30 days. Compared with the control group, the obvious lung lesions were observed in HG, including interstitial thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration and focal hemorrhage. The significantly increased content of malondialdehyde in HG, combined with the significantly decreased mRNA expression of antioxidase and inflammatory-regulators in exposure groups, implied that ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress and diminished the anti-inflammatory response in lung tissues. Metabolomic analyses of lung tissues revealed 15 significantly altered metabolites among the three groups including multiple amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. The accumulation of succinic acid, linoleic acid and phosphorylethanolamine and consumption of glucose, quinolinic acid and aspartic acid in ammonia exposure groups, indicated that energy supply from glucose aerobic oxidation was suppressed and the glycolysis and lipolysis were activated in lung tissues induced by chronic ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qin
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Shen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Engineering, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengqi She
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojun Tan
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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112
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Newport E, Pedrosa AR, Lees D, Dukinfield M, Carter E, Gomez-Escudero J, Casado P, Rajeeve V, Reynolds LE, R Cutillas P, Duffy SW, De Luxán Delgado B, Hodivala-Dilke K. Elucidating the role of the kinase activity of endothelial cell focal adhesion kinase in angiocrine signalling and tumour growth. J Pathol 2022; 256:235-247. [PMID: 34743335 DOI: 10.1002/path.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A common limitation of cancer treatments is chemotherapy resistance. We have previously identified that endothelial cell (EC)-specific deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) sensitises tumour cells to DNA-damaging therapies, reducing tumour growth in mice. The present study addressed the kinase activity dependency of EC FAK sensitisation to the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin. FAK is recognised as a therapeutic target in tumour cells, leading to the development of a range of inhibitors, the majority being ATP competitive kinase inhibitors. We demonstrate that inactivation of EC FAK kinase domain (kinase dead; EC FAK-KD) in established subcutaneous B16F0 tumours improves melanoma cell sensitisation to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment in EC FAK-KD mice reduced the percentage change in exponential B16F0 tumour growth further than in wild-type mice. There was no difference in tumour blood vessel numbers, vessel perfusion or doxorubicin delivery between genotypes, suggesting a possible angiocrine effect on the regulation of tumour growth. Doxorubicin reduced perivascular malignant cell proliferation, while enhancing perivascular tumour cell apoptosis and DNA damage in tumours grown in EC FAK-KD mice 48 h after doxorubicin injection. Human pulmonary microvascular ECs treated with the pharmacological FAK kinase inhibitors defactinib, PF-562,271 or PF-573,228 in combination with doxorubicin also reduced cytokine expression levels. Together, these data suggest that targeting EC FAK kinase activity may alter angiocrine signals that correlate with improved acute tumour cell chemosensitisation. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/enzymology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Burden
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Newport
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Ana Rita Pedrosa
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Delphine Lees
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Matthew Dukinfield
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Edward Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Jesus Gomez-Escudero
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Pedro Casado
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Beatriz De Luxán Delgado
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
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113
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Liu Y, Sun L, Ma X, Qu K, Liu J, Qi X, Li F, Zhang J, Huang B, Lei C. A novel missense mutation (rs464874590) within BoLA-DOB gene associated with the heat-resistance in Chinese cattle. Gene 2022; 808:145965. [PMID: 34530083 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukocyte antigen, class II, DO beta (BoLA-DOB) is related to antigen presentation, which can triggered by multicul factors. And the condition of immune function determines how much cattle load to heat stress. To evaluate the relationship between heat-resistance and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BoLA-DOB gene, our study has taken further analysis in Chinese indigenous cattle for the first time. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs464874590) was detected in BoLA-DOB gene. We directly sequenced rs464874590 (NM_001013600.1 g.7122762 A > G) in BoLA-DOB gene of 522 individuals of 26 cattle breeds. The frequency of allele G gradually decreases from south to north with distinct climatic distribution characteristics. Further association analysis was carried out between different genotypes and environmental parameters, including annual mean temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and temperature-humidity index (THI). The result showed that three genotypes were significantly correlated with T, H, and THI (P < 0.01), indicating that GG genotype was distributed in areas with hot and moist conditions. Therefore, our results suggested that the rs464874590 could be applied as a genetic marker to detect the heat-resistance of Chinese indigenous cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China
| | - Xinglei Qi
- Biyang Xianan Cattle Technology and Development Company Ltd, Biyang, Henan 463700, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- Hunan Tianhua Industrial Corporation Ltd, Lianyuan, Hunan 417126, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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114
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Potential Application of Exosomes in Vaccine Development and Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2635-2671. [PMID: 35028802 PMCID: PMC8757927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived components composed of proteins, lipid, genetic information, cytokines, and growth factors. They play a vital role in immune modulation, cell-cell communication, and response to inflammation. Immune modulation has downstream effects on the regeneration of damaged tissue, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells, and promoting the tumor microenvironment via growth factors, antigens, and signaling molecules. On top of carrying biological messengers like mRNAs, miRNAs, fragmented DNA, disease antigens, and proteins, exosomes modulate internal cell environments that promote downstream cell signaling pathways to facilitate different disease progression and induce anti-tumoral effects. In this review, we have summarized how vaccines modulate our immune response in the context of cancer and infectious diseases and the potential of exosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies show that exosomes play a decisive role in processes like angiogenesis, prognosis, tumor growth metastasis, stromal cell activation, intercellular communication, maintaining cellular and systematic homeostasis, and antigen-specific T- and B cell responses. This critical review summarizes the advancement of exosome based vaccine development and delivery, and this comprehensive review can be used as a valuable reference for the broader delivery science community.
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115
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Yang X, Tong G, Dong L, Yan T, Xu H, Tang G, Zhang Y, Ma K, Yin J, Kuang Y. Evaluation of qPCR reference genes for taimen (Hucho taimen) under heat stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:313. [PMID: 35013399 PMCID: PMC8748915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a powerful and attractive method for detecting gene expression, qRT-PCR has been broadly used in aquaculture research. Understanding the biology of taimen (Hucho taimen) has drawn increasing interest because of its ecological and economic value. Stable reference genes are required for the reliable quantification of gene expression, but such genes have not yet been optimized for taimen. In this study, the stability levels of 10 commonly used candidate reference genes were evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The expression levels of the 10 genes were detected using 240 samples from 48 experimental groups consisting of 40 individuals treated under four heat-stress conditions (18, 20, 22, and 24 °C) for 24 h and 26 °C for 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. Six tissues (blood, heart, brain, gill, skin, and liver) were collected from each individual. Ribosomal protein S29 (RPS29) and ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19) were the most stable genes among all of the samples, whereas 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA), attachment region binding protein (ARBP), and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) were the least stable. These results were verified by an expression analysis of taimen heat-stress genes (heat shock protein 60, hsp60, and heat shock protein 70, hsp70). In conclusion, RPS29 and RPL19 are the optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR analyses of taimen, irrespective of the tissue and experimental conditions. These results allow the reliable study of gene expression in taimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Yang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201303, China
| | - Guangxiang Tong
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Le Dong
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201303, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Guopan Tang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Yongquan Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China.,Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Youyi Kuang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150070, China.
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116
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Huang YH, Wang FS, Wang PW, Lin HY, Luo SD, Yang YL. Heat Shock Protein 60 Restricts Release of Mitochondrial dsRNA to Suppress Hepatic Inflammation and Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010577. [PMID: 35009003 PMCID: PMC8745303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of chronic liver disease, consists of fat deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes besides excessive alcohol use. The folding activity of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) has been shown to protect mitochondria from proteotoxicity under various types of stress. In this study, we investigated whether HSP60 could ameliorate experimental high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatitis and explored the potential mechanism in mice. The results uncovered that HSP60 gain not only alleviated HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation, and hepatocellular steatosis, but also glucose tolerance and insulin resistance according to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing and insulin tolerance testing in HSP60 transgenic (HSP60Tg) compared to wild-type (WT) mice by HFD. Furthermore, overexpression of HSP60 in the HFD group resulted in inhibited release of mitochondrial dsRNA (mt-dsRNA) compared to WT mice. In addition, overexpression of HSP60 also inhibited the activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and phosphorylated-interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3), as well as inflammatory biomarkers such as mRNA of il-1β and il-6 expression in the liver in response to HFD. The in vitro study also confirmed that the addition of HSP-60 mimics in HepG2 cells led to upregulated expression level of HSP60 and restricted release of mt-dsRNA, as well as downregulated expression levels of TLR3, MDA5, and pIRF3. This study provides novel insight into a hepatoprotective effect, whereby HSP60 inhibits the release of dsRNA to repress the TLR3/MDA5/pIRF3 pathway in the context of NAFLD or hepatic inflammation. Therefore, HSP60 may serve as a possible therapeutic target for improving NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yang
- College of Medicine, Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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117
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Dou Z, Liu C, Feng X, Xie Y, Yue H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Chen G, Yang J. Camel whey protein (CWP) ameliorates liver injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats and insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:255-269. [PMID: 34897341 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of camel whey protein (CWP) treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cell models. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats every week, and biochemical parameters in serum samples were evaluated after 6 weeks. Antioxidant activity in the liver was estimated, and histological examination of the liver tissues was conducted. After CWP treatment, the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation were examined in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our results indicated that CWP mitigated the body weight loss, reversed dyslipidemia, and inhibited the inflammatory response, in T2DM rats. Meanwhile, it protected the liver from being injured by reducing the level of oxidative stress. In the CWP group, the pathological changes were significantly reduced, while the liver lobule structure, liver cell arrangement, as well as congestion, edema, and vacuolization were improved. Our results from quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed that CWP could up-regulate the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase (GS). An active protein component CWP8 was isolated and identified, which was shown to be able to stimulate glycogen synthesis and ameliorate lipid accumulation in IR HepG2 cells. These data indicate that CWP and CWP8 might act as potential natural products regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Dou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Xinhuan Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Yutong Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Haitao Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China. .,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Xinjiang Bactrian Camel Research Institute, Fuhai, Xinjiang, 836400, China.,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Gangliang Chen
- Xinjiang Bactrian Camel Research Institute, Fuhai, Xinjiang, 836400, China.,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China. .,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
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118
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Odabasi E, Turan M. The importance of body core temperature evaluation in balneotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:25-33. [PMID: 34623501 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is not wrong to say that there are no application standards or best practices in balneotherapy considering traditional applications. There is not enough information about how changes in body temperature, duration, and frequency of exposure to heat affect therapeutic outcomes of balneotherapeutic applications. Body core temperature (BCT) is probably the best parameter for expressing the heat load of the body and can be used to describe the causal relationship between heat exposure and its effects. There are several reasons to take BCT changes into account; for example, it can be used for individualized treatment planning, defining the consequences of thermal effects, developing disease-specific approaches, avoiding adverse effects, and designing clinical trials. The reasons why BCT changes should be considered instead of conventional measures will be discussed while explaining the effects of balneotherapy in this article, along with a discussion of BCT measurement in balneotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Odabasi
- Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Science, Gulhane EAH, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Turan
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, TOBB Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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119
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Zonnar S, Saeedy SAG, Nemati F, Motamedi MJ, Raeespour H, Amani J. Decrescent role of recombinant HSP60 antibody against atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol diet immunized rabbits. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:32-38. [PMID: 35656453 PMCID: PMC9118271 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56382.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which has a key role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on clinical studies, HSP60 is the only HSP that can cause atherosclerosis. In this paper, the expression level of HSP60 and the pathogenic degree of its cloned part was investigated in atherosclerosis condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the designation of the specific primers for HSP60, PCR was done by the Pfu enzyme. Subsequently, the PCR products were cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a. The resultant recombinant vector was transferred in BL21 and purified. Purification of protein was done by the Nickel affinity column. After confirmation of Western blotting and HSP60 protein purification, purified protein concentration was measured by the Bradford method, and purity was analyzed by SDS PAGE 12%. New Zealand rabbits were tested as an animal model. At the next step, the recombinant protein was injected into the animal model that was on a fatty diet. RESULTS The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-hps60 was successfully constructed, the HSP60 protein was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). We found that the rabbit that was receiving the recombinant vaccine with the fatty diet showed a lower amount of fat deposition at the media endothelial level than the rabbit which received only the fatty diet. CONCLUSION Taking recombinant protein concomitant with a fatty diet, causes betterment of atherosclerosis via decreasing aggregation of cholesterol and thickness of the endothelial media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Zonnar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Motamedi
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Raeespour
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Jafar Amani. Applied Microbiology Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St. Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-82482592; Fax: +98-21-88068924;
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120
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Liu Y, Yu M, Cui J, Du Y, Teng X, Zhang Z. Heat shock proteins took part in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory injury via NF-κB pathway in excess manganese-treated chicken livers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112833. [PMID: 34600291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal in humans and animals. However, excess Mn entered environment due to the wide application of Mn in industry and agriculture, and became an environmental pollutant. Exposure to high doses of Mn is toxic to humans and animals (including chickens). Liver is a target organ of Mn poisoning. Nevertheless, there were few studies on whether Mn poisoning damages chicken livers and poisoning mechanism of Mn in chicken livers. Herein, the aim of this study was to explore if oxidative stress, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and inflammatory response were involved in the mechanism of Mn poisoning-caused damage in chicken livers. A chicken Mn poisoning model was established. One hundred and eighty chickens were randomly divided into one control group (containing 127.88 mg Mn kg-1) and three Mn-treated groups (containing 600, 900, and 1800 mg Mn kg-1, respectively). Histomorphological structure was observed via microstructure and ultrastructure. Spectrophotometry was used to detect total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, as well as nitric oxide (NO) content. And qRT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and iNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90). Multivariate correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were used to demonstrate the reliability of mechanism of Mn poisoning in our experiment. The results indicated that excess Mn led to inflammatory injury at three contents and three time points. Meanwhile, we found that NO content, iNOS activity, and NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, PGE2, and iNOS mRNA expression increased after Mn treatment, meaning that exposure to Mn induced inflammatory response via NF-κB pathway in chicken livers. Moreover, excess Mn decreased T-AOC activity, indicating that Mn exposure caused oxidative stress. Furthermore, mRNA expression of above five HSP genes was up-regulated during Mn exposure. Oxidative stress triggered the increase of HSPs and the increase of HSPs mediated inflammatory response induced by Mn. In addition, there were time- and dose-dependent effects on Mn-caused chicken liver inflammatory injury. Taken together, HSPs participated in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory damage caused by excess Mn in chicken livers via NF-κB pathway. For the first time, we found that oxidative stress can trigger HSP70 and HSPs can trigger poisoning-caused inflammatory damage, which needs to be further explored. This study provided a new insight into environmental pollutants and a reference for further study on molecular mechanisms of poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- School of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot City 010018, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Meijin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, PR China.
| | - Zuozhong Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot City 010018, PR China.
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Li X, Ma R, Wu B, Niu Y, Li H, Li D, Xie J, Idris A, Feng R. HSP27 Protein Dampens Encephalomyocarditis Virus Replication by Stabilizing Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:788870. [PMID: 34899669 PMCID: PMC8664592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.788870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a protein family that respond to physiological stress, such as heat, starvation, and infection. As cellular protein chaperones, they play an important role in protein folding, assembly, and degradation. Though it is well known that HSP27 is involved in a range of viral infections, its role during an encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection is not known. Here, we report that EMCV degrades HSP27 and that EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro are primarily responsible for its degradation. Consequently, loss of cellular HSP27 augmented EMCV proliferation, an effect that could be reversed upon HSP27 overexpression. Importantly, we found that HSP27 positively regulated EMCV-triggered type I interferon (IFN) production. Moreover, overexpression of 2Cpro and 3Apro significantly blocked type I IFN production. We also found for the first time that HSP27, as a molecular chaperone, can specifically interact with MDA5 and stabilize the expression of MDA5. Collectively, this study shows that HSP27 dampens EMCV infectivity by positively regulating EMCV-triggered retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) signal pathway, while EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro interact with HSP27 and degrade HSP27 protein expression to allow EMCV proliferation. Our findings provide further mechanistic evidence for EMCV partaking in immune escape mechanisms, and that 2Cpro and 3Apro could serve as potential antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Adi Idris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruofei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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122
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Incharoen T, Roytrakul S, Likittrakulwong W. Dietary Germinated Paddy Rice and Stocking Density Affect Egg Performance, Serum Biochemical Properties, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Response of Laying Hens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress. Proteomes 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34941813 PMCID: PMC8708272 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinated paddy rice (GPR) could be a good alternative feed source for poultry with stocking density and heat stress problems. A total of 72 Hy-line Brown laying hens raised under low (LSD, 0.12 m2/bird) and high stocking densities (HSD, 0.06 m2/bird) were investigated. Three dietary GPR levels (0, 74 and 148 g/kg) were used. It was found that average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, and egg mass significantly decreased in the HSD group. The levels of serum glucose (GLU), phosphorous (P), corticosterone (CORT), total Ig, lysozyme (LZY), and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) in the HSD group were higher than those in the LSD group. Dietary GPR significantly affected GLU, P, alternative complement haemolytic 50 (ACH50), total Ig, and LZY. Moreover, CORT level significantly decreased in 74 and 148 g/kg dietary GPR groups, whereas SOD significantly increased only in the 148 g/kg dietary GPR group. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 8607 proteins were identified. Proteome analysis revealed 19 proteins which were enriched in different stocking densities and dietary GPR levels. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR technique was successfully used to verify the differentiated abundant protein profile changes. The proteins identified in this study could serve as appropriate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tossaporn Incharoen
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12100, Thailand;
| | - Wirot Likittrakulwong
- Animal Science Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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123
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Manfredi LH. Overheating or overcooling: heat transfer in the spot to fight against the pandemic obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:665-680. [PMID: 33000381 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled worldwide over the past three and a half decades, reaching pandemic status. Obesity is associated with decreased life expectancy and with an increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous system diseases. Hence, understanding the mechanisms involved in the onset and development of obesity is mandatory to promote planned health actions to revert this scenario. In this review, common aspects of cold exposure, a process of heat generation, and exercise, a process of heat dissipation, will be discussed as two opposite mechanisms of obesity, which can be oversimplified as caloric conservation. A common road between heat generation and dissipation is the mobilization of Free Faty Acids (FFA) and Carbohydrates (CHO). An increase in energy expenditure (immediate effect) and molecular/metabolic adaptations (chronic effect) are responses that depend on SNS activity in both conditions of heat transfer. This cycle of using and removing FFA and CHO from blood either for heat or force generation disrupt the key concept of obesity: energy accumulation. Despite efforts in making the anti-obesity pill, maybe it is time to consider that the world's population is living at thermoneutrality since temperature-controlled places and the lack of exercise are favoring caloric accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Henrique Manfredi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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124
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Pate RT, Luchini D, Cant JP, Baumgard LH, Cardoso FC. Immune and metabolic effects of rumen-protected methionine during a heat stress challenge in lactating Holstein cows. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab323. [PMID: 34741611 PMCID: PMC8648293 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiparous, lactating Holstein cows (n = 32) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments [TMR with rumen-protected Met (RPM) or TMR without RPM (CON)], and within each dietary treatment group cows were randomly assigned to one of two environmental treatment groups in a split-plot crossover design. In phase 1 (9 d), all cows were fed ad libitum and in thermoneutral conditions (TN). In phase 2 (9 d), group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to a heat stress (HS) challenge (HSC). Group 2 cows (n = 16) were pair-fed (PFTN) to HSC counterparts and remained in TN. After a 21-d washout period, the study was repeated (period 2) and the environmental treatments were inverted relative to treatments from phase 2 of period 1, while dietary treatments remained the same for each cow. During phase 1, cows in RPM had greater plasma Met concentration compared with cows in CON (59 and 30 µM, respectively; P < 0.001). Cows in PFTN had a greater decrease (P < 0.05) in plasma insulin than cows in HSC at 4 h (-2.7 µIU/mL vs. -0.7 µIU/mL) and 8 h (-7.7 µIU/mL vs. -0.4 µIU/mL) during phase 2. Compared with cows in PFTN, cows in HSC had an increase (P < 0.05) in plasma serum amyloid A (-59 µg/mL vs. +58 µg/mL), serum haptoglobin (-3 µg/mL vs. +33 µg/mL), plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (-0.27 and +0.11 µg/mL), and plasma interleukin-1β (-1.9 and +3.9 pg/mL) during phase 2. In conclusion, HSC elicited immunometabolic alterations; however, there were limited effects of RPM on cows in HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - John P Cant
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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125
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Shang X, Geng L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Xu W. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of alkalinity exposure on spleen oxidative stress, inflammation and immune function of Luciobarbus capito. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112748. [PMID: 34488143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali land is distributed all over the world, and it affects the economic development of fisheries. The alkalinity in water is related to the accumulation of carbonate, so the is generally higher. To understand how alkalinity impacts the immune response in Luciobarbus capito, we performed transcriptomic profiles for spleen, the immune organ of Luciobarbus capito which were underwent alkalinity exposure. Totally there are 47,727,954, 53,987,820 and 51,398,546 high quality clean reads obtained from the control groups, and 46,996,982, 49,650,460 and 45,964,986 clean reads from the alkalinity exposure groups. Among them, 611 genes were differently expressed, including 534 upregulated and 77 down-regulated genes. The identified genes were enriched using databases of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). It was found that differentially expressed genes in Luciobarbus capito spleen tissue were enriched into 14 GO pathways, and differentially expressed genes in Luciobarbus capito spleen were enriched into 25 corresponding KEGG pathways under alkalinity stress. Inflammation and immune function genes and pathways were identified and validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our results showed that alkalinity exposure leads to inflammation and immunoregulation in spleen of Luciobarbus capito. These results provide new insights for unveiling the biological effects of alkalinity in Luciobarbus capito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Shang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin 150070, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longwu Geng
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin 150070, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin 150070, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin 150070, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin 150070, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, China.
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126
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Plasma obtained following murine hindlimb ischemic conditioning protects against oxidative stress in zebrafish models through activation of nrf2a and downregulation of duox. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260442. [PMID: 34818339 PMCID: PMC8612579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion of organ systems in trauma patients with resuscitated hemorrhagic shock (HSR) contributes to tissue injury and organ dysfunction. Previous studies using a murine model of HSR showed that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIC) protected against organ injury and that the plasma was able to prevent neutrophil migration in a zebrafish tailfin-cut inflammation model. In this study, we hypothesized that RIC plasma inhibits neutrophil function through a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via the upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and downstream antioxidative genes. Plasma from mice subjected to RIC (4 cycles of 5-min hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion) was microinjected into zebrafish. The results show that RIC plasma caused a reduction of ROS generation in response to tail injury. In addition, RIC plasma protected the fish larvae in the survival studies when exposed to either H2O2 or LPS. Oxidative stress PCR Array showed that RIC plasma treatment led to upregulation of antioxidative related genes including hsp70, hmox1a, nqo1 as well as downregulation of duox, the producer of H2O2. To explore the role of nrf2 in RIC, RIC plasma from Nrf2 KO mice were injected to the zebrafish and showed no inhibitory effect on neutrophil migration. Moreover, knockdown of nrf2a attenuated the anti-inflammatory and protective effect of RIC plasma. The downregulation of duox and upregulation of hmox1a were confirmed to require the activation of nrf2a. Therefore, we show that the protective effect of RIC may be related to the elaboration of humoral factors which counter injury-induced ROS generation in a nrf2-dependent fashion.
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127
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Huang T, Wang S, Souders CL, Ivantsova E, Wengrovitz A, Ganter J, Zhao YH, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. Exposure to acetochlor impairs swim bladder formation, induces heat shock protein expression, and promotes locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112978. [PMID: 34794026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, however, there are few data on the sub-lethal effects of acetochlor on early developmental stages of fish. To address this, we measured survival, deformity, swim bladder formation, embryo oxygen consumption rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcripts (related to swim bladder formation, oxidative damage response, and apoptosis) and behavior responses following exposure to acetochlor (0.001 µM up to 125 µM). Exposure to acetochlor at concentrations 50 µM and above exerted 100% mortality after 3 dpf, and significantly reduced the size of the swim bladder (25 µM). In embryos, basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP production, and maximal respiration were decreased 30-60% following a 24 h exposure to 125 μM acetochlor. Acetochlor did not affect ROS levels up to 25 µM in larvae with acute exposure. Acetochlor at 25 µM increased mRNA levels of bax1, hsp70, and hsp90a by ~4-fold in larval zebrafish. In both the visual motor response and light-dark preference test, 25 µM acetochlor increased locomotor activity of larval fish. At lower exposure concentrations, 100 and 1000 nM acetochlor increased the mean time spent in the dark zone, suggesting promotion of anxiolytic behavior. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of sublethal effects of acetochlor, spanning molecular responses to behavior, which can be used to refine risk assessment decisions for aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Ganter
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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128
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Heat Shock-Related Protein Responses and Inflammatory Protein Changes Are Associated with Mild Prolonged Hypoglycemia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113109. [PMID: 34831332 PMCID: PMC8618421 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypoglycemia is common in clinical practice. Severe hypoglycemia results in heat shock protein and associate co-chaperone changes. Whether mild prolonged hypoglycemia elicits a similar response with inflammatory and oxidative-stress responses compared with a severe hypoglycemic event is unclear; therefore, this pilot exploratory study was undertaken. We performed a case–control induced hypoglycemia clamp study, maintaining blood glucose at 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) for 1 h in 17 subjects (T2D (n = 10); controls (n = 7)). Blood sampling was performed at baseline, hypoglycemia, and 24 h; slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein analysis of HSP-related proteins, inflammatory stress markers, and oxidative stress markers was performed. In total, 16 HSPs were analyzed. At baseline, TLR4:MD-2 complex was elevated (p = 0.01), whilst HSPA8 was lower (p < 0.05) in T2D. At hypoglycemia, UBE2N, STIP1, and UBE2L3 increased (all p < 0.05), whilst TLR4:MD-2 and HSPA8 decreased (p < 0.05) in T2D versus baseline. In follow-up after hypoglycemia, HSPs normalized to baseline by 24 h, except UBE2L3 (p < 0.05), which was decreased in controls versus baseline. Correlation of altered inflammatory markers with HSPs revealed the following: at baseline, TLR4:MD-2 correlated with CXCL10 (p < 0.01) and SIGLEC1 (p < 0.05) in controls; HSPA8 negatively correlated with IL5 (p < 0.05) in T2D. A negative correlation between urinary isoprostane 8-iso PGF2α, a marker of oxidative stress, and HSPA1A was seen at 24 h in T2D only (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the HSP changes seen for mild prolonged hypoglycemia were similar to those previously reported for a severe event. However, mild prolonged hypoglycemia appeared to elicit an increased inflammatory response that was associated with heat shock and related proteins.
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129
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Geraghty S, Koutsouveli V, Hall C, Chang L, Sacristan-Soriano O, Hill M, Riesgo A, Hill A. Establishment of Host-Algal Endosymbioses: Genetic Response to Symbiont Versus Prey in a Sponge Host. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6427630. [PMID: 34791195 PMCID: PMC8633732 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri and its Chlorella-like algal partner is an emerging model for studying animal: algal endosymbiosis. The sponge host is a tractable laboratory organism, and the symbiotic algae are easily cultured. We took advantage of these traits to interrogate questions about mechanisms that govern the establishment of durable intracellular partnerships between hosts and symbionts in facultative symbioses. We modified a classical experimental approach to discern the phagocytotic mechanisms that might be co-opted to permit persistent infections, and identified genes differentially expressed in sponges early in the establishment of endosymbiosis. We exposed algal-free E. muelleri to live native algal symbionts and potential food items (bacteria and native heat-killed algae), and performed RNA-Seq to compare patterns of gene expression among treatments. We found a relatively small but interesting suite of genes that are differentially expressed in the host exposed to live algal symbionts, and a larger number of genes triggered by host exposure to heat-killed algae. The upregulated genes in sponges exposed to live algal symbionts were mostly involved in endocytosis, ion transport, metabolic processes, vesicle-mediated transport, and oxidation–reduction. One of the host genes, an ATP-Binding Cassette transporter that is downregulated in response to live algal symbionts, was further evaluated for its possible role in the establishment of the symbiosis. We discuss the gene expression profiles associated with host responses to living algal cells in the context of conditions necessary for long-term residency within host cells by phototrophic symbionts as well as the genetic responses to sponge phagocytosis and immune-driven pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Geraghty
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chelsea Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lillian Chang
- Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
| | - Oriol Sacristan-Soriano
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Blanes, Spain
| | - Malcolm Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - April Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
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130
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Farhan Y Almalki A, Arabdin M, Khan A. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Cellular Homeostasis and Cell Survival. Cureus 2021; 13:e18316. [PMID: 34725587 PMCID: PMC8553296 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article has been necessitated by the limited number of studies on the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in cellular functions. The analysis is performed by reviewing evidence in various literary works concerning the topic. The main function of HSPs is to prevent the formation of non-functional proteins and facilitate protein folding. They also enhance the survival of cells in addition to being clinically significant. HSPs protect proteins from stress factors such as temperature, pH, and low levels of oxygen. Some of the common types of HSPs include HSP70, HSP90, HSP27, and HSP100. These proteins have different weights and other features which make them suit for different cellular functions. However, they have numerous similar features which make them perform almost the same functions, yet they vary in the degree of protection that they provide for the cells. The release of HSPs is controlled by four types of HSF depending on the type of stress that a cell is subjected to. HSF1 is responsible for identifying stress factors, especially heat. HSF2 performs almost similar functions as HSF1 in addition to cellular development. HSF3 is released when the stress conditions are extreme and, hence, cannot be effectively controlled by HSF1 and HSF2. HSF4 functions by inducing negative DNA transcriptions. Other tasks of HSPs include enhancing the immune system. The cells help in the management of Alzheimer’s disease and other similar complications by forming protective tissues around brain cells. The cells also help in controlling cancer and heart diseases. However, their roles are more enhanced in managing cancer, extending to diagnosis and prediction. Further research on the HSPs and HSFs may extend their application to curing tumorous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adnan Khan
- Pediatrics, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK
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131
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Barizzone N, Cagliani R, Basagni C, Clarelli F, Mendozzi L, Agliardi C, Forni D, Tosi M, Mascia E, Favero F, Corà D, Corrado L, Sorosina M, Esposito F, Zuccalà M, Vecchio D, Liguori M, Comi C, Comi G, Martinelli V, Filippi M, Leone M, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Caputo D, Sironi M, Guerini FR, D’Alfonso S. An Investigation of the Role of Common and Rare Variants in a Large Italian Multiplex Family of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1607. [PMID: 34681001 PMCID: PMC8535321 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Known multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility variants can only explain half of the disease's estimated heritability, whereas low-frequency and rare variants may partly account for the missing heritability. Thus, here we sought to determine the occurrence of rare functional variants in a large Italian MS multiplex family with five affected members. For this purpose, we combined linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based whole exome and whole genome sequencing (WES and WGS, respectively). The genetic burden attributable to known common MS variants was also assessed by weighted genetic risk score (wGRS). We found a significantly higher burden of common variants in the affected family members compared to that observed among sporadic MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). We also identified 34 genes containing at least one low-frequency functional variant shared among all affected family members, showing a significant enrichment in genes involved in specific biological processes-particularly mRNA transport-or neurodegenerative diseases. Altogether, our findings point to a possible pathogenic role of different low-frequency functional MS variants belonging to shared pathways. We propose that these rare variants, together with other known common MS variants, may account for the high number of affected family members within this MS multiplex family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (R.C.); (D.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Chiara Basagni
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ferdinando Clarelli
- Laboratory of Genetics of Neurological Complex Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Laura Mendozzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.A.); (D.C.); (F.R.G.)
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.A.); (D.C.); (F.R.G.)
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (R.C.); (D.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Neurological Complex Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Translational Medicine, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Genetics of Neurological Complex Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Genetics of Neurological Complex Disorders, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Miriam Zuccalà
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medicine, IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Liguori
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Bari Unit, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.F.)
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Dipartimento di Emergenza e Area Critica, UO Neurologia, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Neurology Unit and MS Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.A.); (D.C.); (F.R.G.)
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (R.C.); (D.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.A.); (D.C.); (F.R.G.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
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Yang C, Luo P, Chen SJ, Deng ZC, Fu XL, Xu DN, Tian YB, Huang YM, Liu WJ. Resveratrol sustains intestinal barrier integrity, improves antioxidant capacity, and alleviates inflammation in the jejunum of ducks exposed to acute heat stress. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101459. [PMID: 34614430 PMCID: PMC8498463 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory plant extract, was found to have a protective effect in poultry subjected to heat stress. In this study, we strove to characterize resveratrol on intestinal of duck exposed to acute heat stress and investigate the underlying mechanism. A total of 120 Shan-ma ducks (60 days old) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the resveratrol group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg resveratrol. Animals in 2 groups were kept at a temperature of 24°C ± 2°C for 15 d. Then, animals of both groups were placed in an artificial climate room at 39°C. Twelve ducks of each group were sacrificed for sampling at 0, 30, and 60 min, respectively. Results indicated that resveratrol increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, increased the number of goblet cells, and reduced the histopathological damage of jejunum caused by acute heat stress. Furthermore, the gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) and tight junction proteins (CLDN1 and OCLN) was significantly increased in the resveratrol group compared to that in the control groups. Simultaneously, resveratrol significantly activated the SIRT1-NRF1/NRF2 signaling pathways, improved ATP level of jejunum, and increased SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, we found that the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways were repressed under acute heat stress. Meanwhile, supplement resveratrol further inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, decreased protein level of NLRP3 and caspase1 p20, reduced the secretion of IL-1β. Taken together, our results indicate that resveratrol against the oxidative damage and inflammation injury in duck jejunum induced by heat stress via active SIRT1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Shi-Jian Chen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Deng
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xin-Liang Fu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Dan-Ning Xu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yun-Bo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yun-Mao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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The Pathophysiological Role of Heat Shock Response in Autoimmunity: A Literature Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102626. [PMID: 34685607 PMCID: PMC8533860 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence that heat-shock proteins can have a differential influence on the immune system. They can either provoke or ameliorate immune responses. This review focuses on outlining the stimulatory as well as the inhibitory effects of heat-shock proteins 27, 40, 70, 65, 60, and 90 in experimental and clinical autoimmune settings.
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134
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The Role of Hsp70s in the Development and Pathogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34569021 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The main agent of human malaria, the protozoa, Plasmodium falciparum is known to infect liver cells, subsequently invading the host erythrocyte, leading to the manifestation of clinical outcomes of the disease. As part of its survival in the human host, P. falciparum employs several heat shock protein (Hsp) families whose primary purpose is to ensure cytoprotection through their molecular chaperone role. The parasite expresses six Hsp70s that localise to various subcellular organelles of the parasite, with one, PfHsp70-x, being exported to the infected human erythrocyte. The role of these Hsp70s in the survival and pathogenicity of malaria has received immense research attention. Several studies have reported on their structure-function features, network partnerships, and elucidation of their potential substrates. Apart from their role in cytoprotection and pathogenicity, Hsp70s are implicated in antimalarial drug resistance. As such, they are deemed potential antimalarial drug candidates, especially suited for co-targeting in combination therapies. In addition, Hsp70 is implicated in host immune modulation. The current report highlights the various structure-function features of these proteins, their roles in the development of malaria, current and prospective efforts being employed towards targeting them in malaria intervention efforts.
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135
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The relationship between small heat shock proteins and redox homeostasis during acute heat stress in chickens. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103040. [PMID: 34503787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As heat stress is a major emerging issue in poultry farming, investigations on the molecular mechanisms of the heat-triggered cellular response in chickens are of special importance. In the present study, 32-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were subjected to 37 °C environmental temperature combined with 50% relative humidity for 4 or 8 h respectively. Following sampling, redox parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl levels as well as glutathione peroxidase activity were assessed in liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates. The concentrations of small heat shock proteins (sHSP-s) HSP27, αA- and αB-crystallins were also investigated. Among these organs, the liver was found the most susceptible to heat-provoked oxidative stress, indicated by enhanced lipid peroxidation and rapid activation of protective pathways, including the definite increase of glutathione peroxidase activity and the excessive utilization of αA- and αB-crystallin proteins. Heat-associated decline of protein carbonylation and GSH content was observed in the liver in correlation with the increased involvement of αA- and αB-crystallins in cellular defense, resulting supposedly in an overcompensation mechanism. These data highlight the hepatic sensitivity to acute heat shock, potential adaptation mechanisms, and the specific role of sHSP-s in the restoration of physiologic cell function.
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136
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Guo W, Zhan X, Jiang F, Xi Y. Analysis of allergen components and identification of bioactivity of HSP70 in pollen of Populus deltoides. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 34479544 PMCID: PMC8417992 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergies caused by pollen from Populus deltoides are common, but the allergic components are still unclear. Methods The total proteins in pollen of P. deltoides were analyzed by proteomics, and the potential allergens were identified via the WHO/IUIS database and the allergenOnline database retrieval. One target protein was screened by bioinformatics and expressed in Escherichia coli. The biological activity of the expressed product was verified by animal experiments. Results The total of 3929 proteins in pollen of P. deltoides were identified, and 46 potential allergens belonging to 10 protein families were recognized by database retrieval. B9N9W6 protein of Hsp70 family was screened by bioinformatics analysis and expressed successfully. ELISA showed that B9N9W6 can stimulate the immune system to produce specific IgE and promote the generation of IL-4. Flow cytometry showed that B9N9W6 can significantly stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and promote the polarization of Th2 cells. The pathological sections of mice lung tissues indicated that alveolar destruction was more severe in the B9N9W6 group than that of extract group, and there were more inflammatory cells infiltration, mucus exudation and bleeding. Conclusion B9N9W6 is an important antigenic substance in the pollen of P. deltoides. Due to the conserved structure of Hsp70 family, more attention should be paid to the possibility of sensitization when Hsp70 from any pathogenic species is administered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12953-021-00178-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Iyer K, Chand K, Mitra A, Trivedi J, Mitra D. Diversity in heat shock protein families: functional implications in virus infection with a comprehensive insight of their role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:743-768. [PMID: 34318439 PMCID: PMC8315497 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of cellular proteins that are induced during stress conditions such as heat stress, cold shock, UV irradiation and even pathogenic insult. They are classified into families based on molecular size like HSP27, 40, 70 and 90 etc, and many of them act as cellular chaperones that regulate protein folding and determine the fate of mis-folded or unfolded proteins. Studies have also shown multiple other functions of these proteins such as in cell signalling, transcription and immune response. Deregulation of these proteins leads to devastating consequences, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other life threatening diseases suggesting their potential importance in life processes. HSPs exist in multiple isoforms, and their biochemical and functional characterization still remains a subject of active investigation. In case of viral infections, several HSP isoforms have been documented to play important roles with few showing pro-viral activity whereas others seem to have an anti-viral role. Earlier studies have demonstrated that HSP40 plays a pro-viral role whereas HSP70 inhibits HIV-1 replication; however, clear isoform-specific functional roles remain to be established. A detailed functional characterization of all the HSP isoforms will uncover their role in cellular homeostasis and also may highlight some of them as potential targets for therapeutic strategies against various viral infections. In this review, we have tried to comprehend the details about cellular HSPs and their isoforms, their role in cellular physiology and their isoform-specific functions in case of virus infection with a specific focus on HIV-1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruthika Iyer
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kailash Chand
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Alapani Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Jay Trivedi
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Debashis Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179316. [PMID: 34502225 PMCID: PMC8430559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a large number of diseases and causes with variable outcomes often associated with progressive fibrosis. Although each of the individual fibrosing ILDs are rare, collectively, they affect a considerable number of patients, representing a significant burden of disease. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the typical chronic fibrosing ILD associated with progressive decline in lung. Other fibrosing ILDs are often associated with connective tissues diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis-ILD (RA-ILD) and systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), or environmental/drug exposure. Given the vast number of progressive fibrosing ILDs and the disparities in clinical patterns and disease features, the course of these diseases is heterogeneous and cannot accurately be predicted for an individual patient. As a consequence, the discovery of novel biomarkers for these types of diseases is a major clinical challenge. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperons that have been extensively described to be involved in fibrogenesis. Their extracellular forms (eHSPs) have been recently and successfully used as therapeutic targets or circulating biomarkers in cancer. The current review will describe the role of eHSPs in fibrosing ILDs, highlighting the importance of these particular stress proteins to develop new therapeutic strategies and discover potential biomarkers in these diseases.
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139
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Parma B, Ramesh V, Gollavilli PN, Siddiqui A, Pinna L, Schwab A, Marschall S, Zhang S, Pilarsky C, Napoli F, Volante M, Urbanczyk S, Mielenz D, Schrøder HD, Stemmler M, Wurdak H, Ceppi P. Metabolic impairment of non-small cell lung cancers by mitochondrial HSPD1 targeting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:248. [PMID: 34364401 PMCID: PMC8348813 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The identification of novel targets is of paramount importance to develop more effective drugs and improve the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since cells alter their metabolic rewiring during tumorigenesis and along cancer progression, targeting key metabolic players and metabolism-associated proteins represents a valuable approach with a high therapeutic potential. Metabolic fitness relies on the functionality of heat shock proteins (HSPs), molecular chaperones that facilitate the correct folding of metabolism enzymes and their assembly in macromolecular structures. Methods Gene fitness was determined by bioinformatics analysis from available datasets from genetic screenings. HSPD1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from NSCLC patients. Real-time proliferation assays with and without cytotoxicity reagents, colony formation assays and cell cycle analyses were used to monitor growth and drug sensitivity of different NSCLC cells in vitro. In vivo growth was monitored with subcutaneous injections in immune-deficient mice. Cell metabolic activity was analyzed through extracellular metabolic flux analysis. Specific knockouts were introduced by CRISPR/Cas9. Results We show heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1 or HSP60) as a survival gene ubiquitously expressed in NSCLC and associated with poor patients’ prognosis. HSPD1 knockdown or its chemical disruption by the small molecule KHS101 induces a drastic breakdown of oxidative phosphorylation, and suppresses cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. By combining drug profiling with transcriptomics and through a whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we demonstrate that HSPD1-targeted anti-cancer effects are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation and validated molecular determinants of KHS101 sensitivity, in particular, the creatine-transporter SLC6A8 and the subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex COX5B. Conclusions These results highlight mitochondrial metabolism as an attractive target and HSPD1 as a potential theranostic marker for developing therapies to combat NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02049-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Parma
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vignesh Ramesh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aarif Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Luisa Pinna
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schwab
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Marschall
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen- Nuremberg (FAU) and University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen- Nuremberg (FAU) and University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Department of Oncology At San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology At San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Sophia Urbanczyk
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Marc Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine-I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- Stem Cell and Brain Tumour Group, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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Patel N, Chin DD, Chung EJ. Exosomes in Atherosclerosis, a Double-Edged Sword: Their Role in Disease Pathogenesis and Their Potential as Novel Therapeutics. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:95. [PMID: 34312734 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CAD) due to atherosclerosis is a major cause of death worldwide. The development of atherosclerosis involves intercellular communication facilitated by exosomes secreted from vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), immune cells, and platelets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of exosome biogenesis and uptake, and discuss atherogenic and atheroprotective functions of exosomes secreted from these cell types. In addition, we examine the potential of enhancing the therapeutic and targeting ability of exosomes exhibiting atheroprotective function by drug loading and surface modification with targeting ligands. We conclude with current challenges associated with exosome engineering for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Deborah D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA. .,Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA. .,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA. .,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA.
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141
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Compromising Cellular Resilience to Environmental Stressors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9912281. [PMID: 34337063 PMCID: PMC8321721 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, are nanosized membrane-enveloped vesicles containing different bioactive cargo, such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other small regulatory RNAs. Cell-derived EVs, including EVs originating from stem cells, may capture components from damaged cells or cells impacted by therapeutic treatments. Interestingly, EVs derived from stem cells can be preconditioned to produce and secrete EVs with different therapeutic properties, particularly with respect to heat-shock proteins and other molecular cargo contents. This behavior is consistent with stem cells that also respond differently to various microenvironments. Heat-shock proteins play roles in cellular protection and mediate cellular resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and heat shock. This review highlights the possible roles EVs play in mediating cellular plasticity and survival when exposed to different physical and chemical stressors, with a special focus on the respiratory distress due to the air pollution.
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Wititkornkul B, Hulme BJ, Tomes JJ, Allen NR, Davis CN, Davey SD, Cookson AR, Phillips HC, Hegarty MJ, Swain MT, Brophy PM, Wonfor RE, Morphew RM. Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070912. [PMID: 34358062 PMCID: PMC8308605 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoplocephala perfoliata is a neglected gastro-intestinal tapeworm, commonly infecting horses worldwide. Molecular investigation of A. perfoliata is hampered by a lack of tools to better understand the host-parasite interface. This interface is likely influenced by parasite derived immune modulators released in the secretome as free proteins or components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, adult RNA was sequenced and de novo assembled to generate the first A. perfoliata transcriptome. In addition, excretory secretory products (ESP) from adult A. perfoliata were collected and EVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography, prior to proteomic analysis of the EVs, the EV surface and EV depleted ESP. Transcriptome analysis revealed 454 sequences homologous to known helminth immune modulators including two novel Sigma class GSTs, five α-HSP90s, and three α-enolases with isoforms of all three observed within the proteomic analysis of the secretome. Furthermore, secretome proteomics identified common helminth proteins across each sample with known EV markers, such as annexins and tetraspanins, observed in EV fractions. Importantly, 49 of the 454 putative immune modulators were identified across the secretome proteomics contained within and on the surface of EVs in addition to those identified in free ESP. This work provides the molecular tools for A. perfoliata to reveal key players in the host-parasite interaction within the horse host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boontarikaan Wititkornkul
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
| | - Benjamin J. Hulme
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - John J. Tomes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Nathan R. Allen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Chelsea N. Davis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Sarah D. Davey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Alan R. Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Helen C. Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Matthew J. Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Martin T. Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Peter M. Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Ruth E. Wonfor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.W.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Russell M. Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.W.); (R.M.M.)
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Aminian AR, Forouzanfar F. Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins, Inflammation, and Pain: A promising Therapeutic Approach. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:170-178. [PMID: 34781874 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210719143150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are important molecular chaperones that facilitate many functions of the cells. They also play a pivotal role in cell survival, especially in the presence of stressors, including nutritional deprivation, lack of oxygen, fever, alcohol, inflammation, oxidative stress, heavy metals, as well as conditions that cause injury and necrosis. In the face of a painful stimulus encounter, many factors could be associated with pain that may include nitric oxide, excitatory amino acids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, prostaglandins, and inflammatory cytokines. One influential factor affecting pain reduction is the expression of HSPs that act as a ROS scavenger, regulate the inflammatory cytokines, and reduce pain responses subsequently. Hence, we assembled information on the painkilling attributes of HSPs. In this field of research, new painkillers could be developed by targetting HSPs to alleviate pain and widen our grasp of pain in pathological conditions and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Aminian
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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144
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Chauhan SS, Rashamol VP, Bagath M, Sejian V, Dunshea FR. Impacts of heat stress on immune responses and oxidative stress in farm animals and nutritional strategies for amelioration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1231-1244. [PMID: 33496873 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the greatest challenges for the global livestock industries as increased environmental temperature and humidity compromises animal production during summer leading to devastating economic consequences. Over the last 30 years, significant developments have been achieved in cooling and provision of shade and shelter to mitigate heat stress reducing some of the losses associated with heat stress in farm animals. However, the recent increase in the incidence of heat waves which are also becoming more severe and lasting longer, due to climate change, further accentuates the problem of heat stress. Economic losses associated with heat stress are both direct due to loss in production and animal life, and indirect due to poorer quality products as a result of poor animal health and welfare. Animal health is affected due to impaired immune responses and increased reactive oxygen species production and/or deficiency of antioxidants during heat stress leading to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidants and resultant oxidative stress. Research over the last 20 years has achieved partial success in understanding the intricacies of heat stress impacts on oxidative stress and immune responses and developing interventions to ameliorate impacts of heat stress, improving immune responses and farm animal health. This paper reviews the body of knowledge on heat stress impacts on immune response in farm animals. The impacts of heat stress on both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses have been discussed identifying the shift in immune response from cell-mediated towards humoral response, thereby weakening the immune status of the animal. Both species and breed differences have been identified as influencing how heat stress impacts the immune status of farm animals. In addition, crosstalk signaling between the immune system and oxidative stress has been considered and the role of antioxidants as potential nutritional strategies to mitigate heat stress has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - V P Rashamol
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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145
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Hammoudeh SM, Hammoudeh AM, Bhamidimarri PM, Al Safar H, Mahboub B, Künstner A, Busch H, Halwani R, Hamid Q, Rahmani M, Hamoudi R. Systems Immunology Analysis Reveals the Contribution of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tissues to the Immunopathogenesis of Severe COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:595150. [PMID: 34262555 PMCID: PMC8273737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.595150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the current global health conundrums, COVID-19 pandemic caused a dramatic increase of cases exceeding 79 million and 1.7 million deaths worldwide. Severe presentation of COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm and chronic inflammation resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. Currently, it is unclear whether extrapulmonary tissues contribute to the cytokine storm mediated-disease exacerbation. In this study, we applied systems immunology analysis to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung, liver, kidney, and heart tissues and the potential contribution of these tissues to cytokines production. Notably, genes associated with neutrophil-mediated immune response (e.g. CXCL1) were particularly upregulated in lung, whereas genes associated with eosinophil-mediated immune response (e.g. CCL11) were particularly upregulated in heart tissue. In contrast, immune responses mediated by monocytes, dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells were almost similarly dysregulated in all tissue types. Focused analysis of 14 cytokines classically upregulated in COVID-19 patients revealed that only some of these cytokines are dysregulated in lung tissue, whereas the other cytokines are upregulated in extrapulmonary tissues (e.g. IL6 and IL2RA). Investigations of potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates the immune response and cytokine production revealed a marked dysregulation of NF-κB signaling particularly CBM complex and the NF-κB inhibitor BCL3. Moreover, overexpression of mucin family genes (e.g. MUC3A, MUC4, MUC5B, MUC16, and MUC17) and HSP90AB1 suggest that the exacerbated inflammation activated pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues remodeling. In addition, we identified multiple sets of immune response associated genes upregulated in a tissue-specific manner (DCLRE1C, CHI3L1, and PARP14 in lung; APOA4, NFASC, WIPF3, and CD34 in liver; LILRA5, ISG20, S100A12, and HLX in kidney; and ASS1 and PTPN1 in heart). Altogether, these findings suggest that the cytokines storm triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection is potentially the result of dysregulated cytokine production by inflamed pulmonary and extrapulmonary (e.g. liver, kidney, and heart) tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa Hammoudeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Arabella Musa Hammoudeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- General Surgery Department, Tawam Hospital, SEHA, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Poorna Manasa Bhamidimarri
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Axel Künstner
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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146
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Burger A, Macucule-Tinga P, Bentley SJ, Ludewig MH, Mhlongo NN, Shonhai A, Boshoff A. Characterization of an Atypical Trypanosoma brucei Hsp70 Demonstrates Its Cytosolic-Nuclear Localization and Modulation by Quercetin and Methylene Blue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136776. [PMID: 34202520 PMCID: PMC8269394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) harbours twelve Hsp70 chaperones. Of these, four are predicted to reside in the parasite cytosol. TbHsp70.c is predicted to be cytosolic and upregulated upon heat stress and is an ATPase that exhibits holdase chaperone function. Cytosol-localized Tbj2 stimulates the ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c. In the current study, immunofluorescence confirmed that TbHsp70.c is both a cytosolic and a nuclear protein. Furthermore, in silico analysis was used to elucidate an atypical linker and hydrophobic pocket. Tellingly, TbHsp70.c lacks the EEVD and GGMP motifs, both of which are implicated in substrate selectivity and co-chaperone binding in canonical Hsp70s. Far western analysis revealed that TbSTi1 interacts directly with TbHsp70 and TbHsp70.4, but does not bind TbHsp70.c. We further investigated the effect of quercetin and methylene blue on the Tbj2-driven ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c. We established that quercetin inhibited, whilst methylene blue enhanced, the Tbj2-stimulated ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c. Furthermore, these inhibitors were lethal to parasites. Lastly, we used molecular docking to show that quercetin and methylene blue may bind the nucleotide binding pocket of TbHsp70.c. Our findings suggest that small molecule inhibitors that target TbHsp70.c could be developed to serve as possible drug candidates against T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélle Burger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +27-(0)-15-962-8620 (A.B.); +27-(0)-46-603-8630 (A.B.)
| | - Paula Macucule-Tinga
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (P.M.-T.); (S.J.B.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Stephen John Bentley
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (P.M.-T.); (S.J.B.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Michael Hans Ludewig
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (P.M.-T.); (S.J.B.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Ndumiso Nhlakanipho Mhlongo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa;
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda/Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (P.M.-T.); (S.J.B.); (M.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +27-(0)-15-962-8620 (A.B.); +27-(0)-46-603-8630 (A.B.)
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147
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Hypoxia and heat stress affect epithelial integrity in a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13186. [PMID: 34162953 PMCID: PMC8222227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hyperthermia, which can be induced by high environmental temperature or strenuous exercise, are two common stressors that affect intestinal epithelial integrity and lead to multiple clinical symptoms. In this study, we developed an in-vitro intestinal monolayer model using two human colonic epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, co-cultured in Transwell inserts, and investigated the effects of heat treatment and/or hypoxia on the epithelial barrier function. The monolayer with a ratio of 9:1 (Caco-2:HT-29) showed high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), low Lucifer Yellow permeability and high mucin production. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure (2 h) triggered heat shock and oxidative stress responses. HSP-70 and HSF-1 protein levels were up-regulated by hyperthermia, which were further enhanced when hyperthermia was combined with hypoxia. Increased HIF-1α protein expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was only caused by hypoxia. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure disrupted the established monolayer by increasing paracellular permeability, decreasing ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin protein/mRNA expression, while enhancing E-cadherin protein expression. Tight junction protein distribution in the monolayer was also modulated by the hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In addition, transcription levels of mucin genes, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC, were increased after 2 h of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In conclusion, this Caco-2/HT-29 cell model is valid and effective for studying detrimental effects of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia on intestinal barrier function and related heat shock and oxidative stress pathways and can be used to investigate possible interventions to reverse hyperthermia and/or hypoxia-induced intestinal epithelial injury.
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Kato R, Ijiri Y, Hayashi T. Amiodarone, Unlike Dronedarone, Activates Inflammasomes via Its Reactive Metabolites: Implications for Amiodarone Adverse Reactions. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1860-1865. [PMID: 34142814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone is a benzofuran derivative used to treat arrhythmias, but its use is limited by adverse reactions. There is evidence that some of the severe adverse reactions such as liver injury and interstitial lung disease are immune-mediated; however, details of the mechanism have not been elucidated. We tested the ability of amiodarone to induce the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate inflammasomes. Human hepatocarcinoma functional liver cell-4 (FLC-4) cells were used for drug bioactivation, and the detection of inflammasome activation was performed with the human macrophage cell line, THP-1 cells. Amiodarone is known to be oxidized to reactive quinone metabolites. The supernatant from the incubation of amiodarone with FLC-4 cells for 7 days increased caspase-1 activity and production of IL-1ß by THP-1 cells. In the supernatant of FLC-4 cells with amiodarone, the heat shock protein (HSP) 40 was significantly increased. Addition of a cytochrome P450 inhibitor to the FLC-4 cells prevented the release of HSP40 from the FLC-4 cells and activation of THP-1 inflammasomes by the FLC-4 supernatant. These results suggested that the reactive quinone metabolites of amiodarone can cause the release of DAMPs from hepatocytes which can activate inflammasomes. Dronedarone, a safer analog of amiodarone, did not activate inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation may be an important step in the activation of the immune system by amiodarone, which in some patients, can cause immune-related adverse events. In addition, our data suggest that drugs that block the effects or the formation of IL-1β would provide better treatment of amiodarone-induced immune-related adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Have Lower Levels of Antibody to Heat-Stressed Fibroblast Derived Proteins, versus Normal Subjects. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:5577218. [PMID: 34239605 PMCID: PMC8225444 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Inhibition of cellular stress may provide a novel clinical approach regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CAD. Fibroblasts constitute 60-70% of cardiac cells and have a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Hence, the aim of this study was to show a potential therapeutic application of proteins derived from heat-stressed fibroblast in CAD patients. Fibroblasts were isolated from the foreskin and cultured under heat stress conditions. Surprisingly, 1.06% of the cells exhibited a necrotic death pattern. Furthermore, heat-stressed fibroblasts produced higher level of total proteins than control cells. In SDS-PAGE analysis, a 70 kDa protein band was observed in stressed cell culture supernatants which appeared as two acidic spots with close pI in the two-dimensional electrophoresis. To evaluate the immunogenic properties of fibroblast-derived heat shock proteins (HSPs), the serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) was measured by ELISA in 50 CAD patients and 50 normal subjects who had been diagnosed through angiography. Interestingly, the level of anti-HSP antibody was significantly higher in non-CAD individuals in comparison with the patient's group (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for CAD was 5.06 (95%CI = 2.15‐11.91) in cut-off value of 30 AU/mL of anti-HSP antibody. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that anti-HSP antibodies had a specificity of 74% and a sensitivity of 64%, which is almost equal to 66% sensitivity of exercise stress test (EST) as a CAD diagnostic method. These data revealed that fibroblast-derived HSPs are suitable for the diagnosis and management of CAD through antibody production.
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150
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Chakafana G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Zininga T, Shonhai A, Ntusi NAB, Sliwa K. Heat Shock Proteins: Potential Modulators and Candidate Biomarkers of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633013. [PMID: 34222357 PMCID: PMC8241919 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. To date, no reliable biomarkers or therapeutic interventions for the condition exist, thus necessitating an urgent need for identification of novel PPCM drug targets and candidate biomarkers. Leads for novel treatments and biomarkers are therefore being investigated worldwide. Pregnancy is generally accompanied by dramatic hemodynamic changes, including a reduced afterload and a 50% increase in cardiac output. These increased cardiac stresses during pregnancy potentially impair protein folding processes within the cardiac tissue. The accumulation of misfolded proteins results in increased toxicity and cardiac insults that trigger heart failure. Under stress conditions, molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) play crucial roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Here, we critically assess the potential role of Hsps in PPCM. We further predict specific associations between the Hsp types Hsp70, Hsp90 and small Hsps with several proteins implicated in PPCM pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of select Hsps as novel candidate PPCM biomarkers and drug targets. A better understanding of how these Hsps modulate PPCM pathogenesis holds promise in improving treatment, prognosis and management of the condition, and possibly other forms of acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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