101
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Toy JYH, Lu Y, Huang D, Matsumura K, Liu SQ. Enzymatic treatment, unfermented and fermented fruit-based products: current state of knowledge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1890-1911. [PMID: 33249876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, food manufacturers are increasingly utilizing enzymes in the production of fruit-based (unfermented and fermented) products to increase yield and maximize product quality in a cost-effective manner. Depending on the fruits and desired product characteristics, different enzymes (e.g. pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase, and protease) are used alone or in combinations to achieve optimized processing conditions and improve nutritional and sensorial quality. In this review, the mechanisms of action and sources of different enzymes, as well as their effects on the physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic properties of unfermented and fermented fruit-based products are summarized and discussed, respectively. In general, the application of enzymatic hydrolysis treatment (EHT) in unfermented fruit-based product helps to achieve four main purposes: (i) viscosity reduction (easy to filter), (ii) clarification (improved appearance/clarity), (iii) better nutritional quality (increase in polyphenolics) and (iv) enhanced organoleptic characteristic (brighter color and complex aroma profile). In addition, EHT provides numerous other advantages to fermented fruit-based products such as better fermentation efficiency and enrichment in aroma. To meet the demand for new market trends, researchers and manufacturers are increasingly employing non-Saccharomyces yeast (with enzymatic activities) alone or in tandem with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce complex flavor profile in fermented fruit-based products. Therefore, this review also evaluates the potential of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts with enzymatic activities and how their utilization helps to tailor wines with unique aroma profile. Lastly, in view of an increase in lactose-intolerant individuals, the potential of fermented probiotic fruit juice as an alternative to dairy-based probiotic products is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Yi Hui Toy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keisuke Matsumura
- Product and Technology Development Department, Nippon Del Monte Corporation, Numata, Gunma, Japan.,Kikkoman Singapore R&D Laboratory Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
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102
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Abstract
Fruit intake is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, effects of dried fruits on cardiometabolic health are not well researched. We investigated the effect of daily dried fruit consumption compared with a carbohydrate-rich snack on cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with increased cardiometabolic risk. A two-period randomised crossover trial was conducted in adults (n 55) with elevated BMI and at least one additional risk factor for cardiometabolic disease to compare the effects of consuming 3/4 cup/d mixed dried fruits (plums, figs, dates and raisins) or an energy- and carbohydrate-matched control snack for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was LDL-cholesterol; secondary outcomes included other lipids and lipoproteins, glucose and insulin, C-reactive protein, blood pressure and vascular stiffness. Linear mixed models were used for data analysis. Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations did not differ between conditions; however, dried fruit increased LDL-cholesterol (0·10 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·20) compared with baseline. Compared with the control, dried fruit increased mean fasting glucose (0·08 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·005, 0·16; P = 0·038). Vascular outcomes, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein did not differ between conditions. Mean weight changes did not differ (P = 0·55) but tended to increase after both conditions (dried fruit 0·3 kg, 95 % CI -0·09, 0·65; control 0·4 kg, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·75). Thus, short-term daily consumption of a large portion of mixed dried plums, figs, dates and raisins, without structured dietary guidance, did not improve cardiometabolic risk factors, compared with carbohydrate-rich snacks, in adults with increased baseline cardiometabolic risk.
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103
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Consumption of Dried Fruits Is Associated with Greater Intakes of Underconsumed Nutrients, Higher Total Energy Intakes, and Better Diet Quality in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:1258-1272. [PMID: 33127327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried fruits are shelf-stable alternatives to fresh fruit that avert common barriers to consuming fruit. Consumption of dried fruits may facilitate greater fruit consumption and contribute to better diet quality and nutrient intakes. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to assess differences in diet quality and cardiometabolic health between dried fruit consumers and nonconsumers, and evaluate differences in nutrient intakes on days when dried fruits were consumed vs not consumed. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Mean dried fruit intakes were estimated in adults 20 years and older (n = 25,590) who completed a dietary recall. Dried fruit consumers (one-quarter cup-equivalent/day or more) were defined in respondents with 2 complete dietary recalls (n = 22,311). Within-person differences in nutrient intakes were assessed in respondents who consumed dried fruit on 1 of 2 dietary recalls (n = 1,233). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiometabolic risk factors, diet quality scored using the Healthy Eating Index 2015, and nutrient intakes were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Diet quality and cardiometabolic health were compared in consumers vs nonconsumers using multivariate linear regression, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. Within-person differences in nutrient intakes on days when dried fruits were consumed vs not were assessed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Mean ± standard error dried fruit intake was 0.04 ± 0.001 cup-equivalents and represented 3.7% of total fruit consumed. Consumers (7.2% of adults) had higher quality diets than nonconsumers (mean ± standard error Healthy Eating Index 2015 score = 60.6 ± 0.5 vs 52.6 ± 0.3; P < 0.001) and lower mean body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, potassium, and polyunsaturated fat intakes were greater on days when dried fruits were consumed vs not consumed (P < 0.001). Total calorie intakes were also greater (208-215 kcal; P ≤ 0.002) when dried fruits were consumed. CONCLUSIONS Dried fruit consumption is associated with higher diet quality and greater intakes of underconsumed nutrients. However, dried fruits do not appear to displace other calorie sources on days when consumed.
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104
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Fan R, Sun Q, Zeng J, Zhang X. Contribution of anthocyanin pathways to fruit flesh coloration in pitayas. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:361. [PMID: 32736527 PMCID: PMC7394676 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Color formation in Hylocereus spp. (pitayas) has been ascribed to the accumulation of betalains. However, several studies have reported the presence of anthocyanins in pitaya fruit and their potential role in color formation has not yet been explored. In this study, we profiled metabolome and transcriptome in fruit of three cultivars with contrasting flesh colors (red, pink and white) to investigate their nutritional quality and the mechanism of color formation involving anthocyanins. RESULTS Results revealed that pitaya fruit is enriched in amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, polyphenols, vitamin and other bioactive components with significant variation among the three cultivars. Anthocyanins were detected in the fruit flesh and accumulation levels of Cyanidin 3-glucoside, Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, Delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3-O-beta-glucoside and Delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside 5-O-(6-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) positively correlated with the reddish coloration. Transcriptome data showed that the white cultivar tends to repress the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and divert substrates to other competing pathways. This perfectly contrasted with observations in the red cultivar. The pink cultivar however seems to keep a balance between the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and the competing pathways. We identified several active transcription factors of the MYB and bHLH families which can be further investigated as potential regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that anthocyanins partly contribute to color formation in pitaya fruit. Future studies aiming at manipulating the biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and betalains will better clarify the exact contribution of each pathway in color formation in pitayas. This will facilitate efforts to improve pitaya fruit quality and appeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Fan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA); Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qingming Sun
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA); Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA); Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA); Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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105
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The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2340670. [PMID: 32802893 PMCID: PMC7415116 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2340670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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106
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Effect of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) on Telomerase Levels and Antioxidant Capacity in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070634. [PMID: 32708368 PMCID: PMC7402181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have a redox imbalance, due to a decay in antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered an important modulator of telomere shortening and telomerase activity. One of the fruits that has been associated with an antioxidant effect is Sechium edule and although its properties are well established, there is only one exploratory study evaluating its effectiveness in patients with MetS. The present investigation is a much more robust and controlled study, including a placebo group. Hence, we determined the effect of consumption of the dried fruit powder (500 mg, three times per day) for three months. We measured effects on telomerase levels, antioxidant capacity, and markers for OxS. The study was performed in a sample of 75 older adults: placebo group (n = 30) and experimental group (n = 45) with the diagnosis of MetS according to the National Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Program III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria. All markers were measured before and after three months of treatment. There was a statistically significant decrease in lipoperoxides and protein carbonylation with an increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as sustained levels of telomerase in patients who consumed Sechium edule. Our findings suggest that consumption of this fruit has a hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and antioxidant effect, without altering telomerase levels, which could suggest better protection against telomere shortening.
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107
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Jang C, Wada S, Yang S, Gosis B, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Lee G, Arany Z, Rabinowitz JD. The small intestine shields the liver from fructose-induced steatosis. Nat Metab 2020; 2:586-593. [PMID: 32694791 PMCID: PMC8020332 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Per capita fructose consumption has increased 100-fold over the last century1. Epidemiological studies suggest that excessive fructose consumption, and especially consumption of sweet drinks, is associated with hyperlipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes2-7. Fructose metabolism begins with its phosphorylation by the enzyme ketohexokinase (KHK), which exists in two alternatively spliced forms8. The more active isozyme, KHK-C, is expressed most strongly in the liver, but also substantially in the small intestine9,10 where it drives dietary fructose absorption and conversion into other metabolites before fructose reaches the liver11-13. It is unclear whether intestinal fructose metabolism prevents or contributes to fructose-induced lipogenesis and liver pathology. Here we show that intestinal fructose catabolism mitigates fructose-induced hepatic lipogenesis. In mice, intestine-specific KHK-C deletion increases dietary fructose transit to the liver and gut microbiota and sensitizes mice to fructose's hyperlipidaemic effects and hepatic steatosis. In contrast, intestine-specific KHK-C overexpression promotes intestinal fructose clearance and decreases fructose-induced lipogenesis. Thus, intestinal fructose clearance capacity controls the rate at which fructose can be safely ingested. Consistent with this, we show that the same amount of fructose is more strongly lipogenic when drunk than eaten, or when administered as a single gavage, as opposed to multiple doses spread over 45 min. Collectively, these data demonstrate that fructose induces lipogenesis when its dietary intake rate exceeds the intestinal clearance capacity. In the modern context of ready food availability, the resulting fructose spillover drives metabolic syndrome. Slower fructose intake, tailored to intestinal capacity, can mitigate these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Shogo Wada
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bridget Gosis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gina Lee
- Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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108
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Kim J, Choi JH, Oh T, Ahn B, Unno T. Codium fragile Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolism by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061848. [PMID: 32575855 PMCID: PMC7353201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a functional seaweed food that has been used for its health effects, including immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities, but the effect of CF extracts on obesity via regulation of intestinal microflora is still unknown. This study investigated anti-obesity effects of CF extracts on gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet were given CF extracts intragastrically for 12 weeks. CF extracts significantly decreased animal body weight and the size of adipocytes, while reducing serum levels of cholesterol and glucose. In addition, CF extracts significantly shifted the gut microbiota of mice by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia species, in which the portion of beneficial bacteria (i.e., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Acetatifactor) were increased. This resulted in shifting predicted intestinal metabolic pathways involved in regulating adipocytes (i.e., mevalonate metabolism), energy harvest (i.e., pyruvate fermentation and glycolysis), appetite (i.e., chorismate biosynthesis) and metabolic disorders (i.e., isoprene biosynthesis, urea metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis). In conclusion, our study showed that CF extracts ameliorate intestinal metabolism in HF-induced obese mice by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungman Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Byungjae Ahn
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3354
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109
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Branscum P. Developing and Validating an Instrument to Evaluate Theory-Based Behavioral Antecedents of Consuming a High-Fiber Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124342. [PMID: 32560508 PMCID: PMC7345579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern, with low consumption of fiber-rich foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) commonly cited as a causal factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a survey measuring the constructs of the Reasoned Action Approach under the context of consuming a high-fiber diet. After an initial draft of the survey was developed, it was evaluated by a panel of six experts to establish face and content validity. Next, data were collected from an adult sample (n = 878), and psychometric data revealed indices of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) and validity (confirmatory factor analysis). The average age of adults was 51.5 years (±12.8), and a majority were Caucasian (81%), and women (93%). With regards to construct validity, the model structure had adequate fit (e.g., Comparative Fit Index = 0.960). In addition all items loaded significantly on its corresponding scale. For internal consistency reliability, all Cronbach’s alpha scores were > 0.70. Overall the survey appears to be a promising tool for researchers and practitioners. Understanding the theoretical determinants of fiber consumption will help tie theory together with practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Branscum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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110
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Ford NA, Liu AG. The Forgotten Fruit: A Case for Consuming Avocado Within the Traditional Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr 2020; 7:78. [PMID: 32548125 PMCID: PMC7272688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits and vegetables and includes an abundant intake of oleic-acid-rich olive oil. People who adhere to a Mediterranean diet have reduced risk for numerous chronic diseases. As obesity rates rise globally, people who choose to follow a traditional Mediterranean diet and/or make improvements in food choices may reduce their risk of metabolic dysfunction and disease. Incorporating non-traditional fruits and vegetables into the Mediterranean diet could provide greater flexibility in suitable food choices for people who struggle to adhere to recommended healthy dietary patterns, and it could also provide greater adaptability for people living outside of the Mediterranean region who are interested in adopting the diet. The avocado fruit thrives in a Mediterranean climate, is produced in the region, and is rich in oleic acid and fiber, yet avocados are not commonly consumed within the traditional Mediterranean diet. Based on the existing research studies on the health benefits of avocado consumption and the continued investigation into the nutritional attributes of the avocado, a case can be made for including avocados as part of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Ann G Liu
- Independent Researcher, Valencia, CA, United States
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111
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Areche C, Hernandez M, Cano T, Ticona J, Cortes C, Simirgiotis M, Caceres F, Borquez J, Echeverría J, Sepulveda B. Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae): Antioxidant, Gastroprotective Effects, and Metabolomic Profiling by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray High Resolution Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32322203 PMCID: PMC7156589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) is a shrubby or often arborescent cactus popularly known as "sancayo" and produce an edible fruit known as "Sanky" which is consumed in Arequipa-Perú. The purpose of this study was to report the gastroprotective activity and relate this activity to the antioxidant capacity and presence of phenolic compounds for the first time. A metabolomic profiling based on Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry, and the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the mode of gastroprotective action of the Sanky fruit including the involvement of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and sulfhydryl compounds is reported. Thirty-eight compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract including 12 organic acids, nine hydroxycinnamic acids, three isoamericanol derivatives, six flavonoids, five fatty acids, and two sterols. The results of the biological tests showed that the ethanolic extract had antioxidant capacity and gastroprotective activity on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice (at 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). The effect elicited by the extract at 50 mg/kg was reversed by indometacin and N-ethylmaleimide but not by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester suggesting that sulfhydryl groups and prostaglandins are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. In conclusion, our study proves that C. brevistylus pears have some gastroprotective and antioxidant capacities and consumption is recommended for the presence of several bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Hernandez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Cano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Juana Ticona
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fátima Caceres
- Laboratorio de Botánica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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112
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Shen T, Bimali M, Faramawi M, Orloff MS. Consumption of Vitamin K and Vitamin A Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Developing Emphysema: NHANES 2007-2016. Front Nutr 2020; 7:47. [PMID: 32391372 PMCID: PMC7192023 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprising of emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common chronic respiratory diseases that impart a huge economic and clinical burden. Factors other than smoking and air pollutants can cause inflammation and emphysematous changes in the lung airspaces or alveoli have been understudied. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed the association of dark green vegetables, vitamin K and Vitamin A with emphysema status among adults at U.S. These nutrients have a role in lung biology. A complete case NHANES data (n = 17,681) was used. After adjusting for modifiable and non-modifiable confounders, consumption of recommended amounts of vitamin K was associated with 39% decrease in odds (Odds Ratio: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40–0.92, P-val: 0.02) of emphysema. Similarly consumption of recommended amounts vitamin A dose was associated with 33% decrease in odds (Odds Ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44–1.00, P-val: 0.05) of emphysema. Vitamin K shows an inverse association suggesting that it may be important in slowing the emphysematous process. Vitamin A is important in maintaining the anti-inflammatory process. Together vitamin K and vitamin A are important in the lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Milan Bimali
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mohammed Faramawi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mohammed S Orloff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Montiel-Rojas D, Nilsson A, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Bazzocchi A, Battista G, de Groot LCPGM, Feskens EJM, Berendsen A, Pietruszka B, Januszko O, Fairweather-Tait S, Jennings A, Nicoletti C, Kadi F. Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041075. [PMID: 32295007 PMCID: PMC7230363 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function as well as related metabolic disturbances. While fibre-rich diets can influence metabolic health outcomes, the impact on skeletal muscle mass and function is yet to be determined, and the moderating effects by physical activity (PA) need to be considered. The aim of the present study was to examine links between fibre intake, skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a cohort of older adults from the NU-AGE study. In 981 older adults (71 ± 4 years, 58% female), physical function was assessed using the short-physical performance battery test and handgrip strength. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was derived using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary fibre intake (FI) was assessed by 7-day food record and PA was objectively determined by accelerometery. General linear models accounting for covariates including PA level, protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were used. Women above the median FI had significantly higher SMI compared to those below, which remained in fully adjusted models (24.7 ± 0.2% vs. 24.2 ± 0.1%, p = 0.011, η2p = 0.012). In men, the same association was only evident in those without MetS (above median FI: 32.4 ± 0.3% vs. below median FI: 31.3 ± 0.3%, p = 0.005, η2p = 0.035). There was no significant impact of FI on physical function outcomes. The findings from this study suggest a beneficial impact of FI on skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Importantly, this impact is independent of adherence to guidelines for protein intake and PA, which further strengthens the potential role of dietary fibre in preventing sarcopenia. Further experimental work is warranted in order to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the action of dietary fibre on the regulation of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montiel-Rojas
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (D.M.-R.); (F.K.)
| | - Andreas Nilsson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (D.M.-R.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-19-303553
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.F.); (G.B.)
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.F.); (G.B.)
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (C.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.); (E.J.M.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.); (E.J.M.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnes Berendsen
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.); (E.J.M.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Olga Januszko
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Susan Fairweather-Tait
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (S.F.-T.); (A.J.)
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (S.F.-T.); (A.J.)
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (D.M.-R.); (F.K.)
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114
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Matheus JRV, Andrade CJD, Miyahira RF, Fai AEC. Persimmon (Diospyros Kaki L.): Chemical Properties, Bioactive Compounds and Potential Use in the Development of New Products – A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1733597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fontanive Miyahira
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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115
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Calvano A, Izuora K, Oh EC, Ebersole JL, Lyons TJ, Basu A. Dietary berries, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: an overview of human feeding trials. Food Funct 2020; 10:6227-6243. [PMID: 31591634 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary berries are a rich source of several nutrients and phytochemicals and in recent years, accumulating evidence suggests they can reduce risks of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the role of dietary berries (taken as fresh, frozen, or other processed forms) on insulin resistance and biomarkers of T2D in human feeding studies. Reported feeding trials involve different berries taken in different forms, and consequently differences in nutritional or polyphenol composition must be considered in their interpretation. Commonly consumed berries, especially cranberries, blueberries, raspberries and strawberries, ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance, and in adults with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In non-acute long-term studies, these berries either alone, or in combination with other functional foods or dietary interventions, can improve glycemic and lipid profiles, blood pressure and surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Studies specifically in people with T2D are few, and more knowledge is needed. Nevertheless, existing evidence, although sparse, suggests that berries have an emerging role in dietary strategies for the prevention of diabetes and its complications in adults. Despite the beneficial effects of berries on diabetes prevention and management, they must be consumed as part of a healthy and balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Calvano
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
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116
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Atarbashi-Moghadam F, Moallemi-Pour S, Atarbashi-Moghadam S, Sijanivandi S, Baghban AA. Effects of raw vegan diet on periodontal and dental parameters. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:357-361. [PMID: 33163381 PMCID: PMC7605299 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_161_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Macronutrients and micronutrients present in different types of diet could influence different aspects of both inflammatory and immune responses; thereby, diets could influence oral health and the periodontal condition. The raw vegan diet is a subset of vegetarianism in which only uncooked plant-derived foods are consumed. The present study's aim was to evaluate the effect of the raw vegan diet on periodontal and dental health parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 participants (59 raw vegans and 59 controls) were interviewed about their level of education and oral health habits. Samples of unstimulated whole saliva were collected for pH analysis, and dental and periodontal parameters were examined. Then, statistical analysis was performed. Results: Raw vegans had better oral hygiene (P = 0.001). The decayed-missing-filling indices were relatively equal in both groups. The probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and simplified oral hygiene index were significantly lower in raw vegans (P = 0.047, P = 0.017, and P = 0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analyses disclosed that probing depth and BOP were significantly related to debris index. Conclusion: Based on this study's results, it can be presumed that the better periodontal condition in raw vegans is a result of their better oral care and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazele Atarbashi-Moghadam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soofieh Moallemi-Pour
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saede Atarbashi-Moghadam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soran Sijanivandi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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117
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Noland D, Drisko JA, Wagner L. Respiratory. INTEGRATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7120155 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30730-1_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease rivals the position for the top cause of death worldwide. Causes and pathology of the myriad lung diseases are varied, yet nutrition can either affect the outcome or support treatment in the majority of cases. This chapter explores the modifiable risk factors, from lifestyle changes to dietary intake to specific nutrients, anti-nutrients, and toxins helpful for the nutritionist or dietitian working with lung disease patients. General lung health is discussed, and three major disease states are explored in detail, including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although all lung diseases have diverse causes, many integrative and functional medical nutrition therapies are available and are not being utilized in practice today. This chapter begins the path toward better nutrition education for the integrative and functional medicine professional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne A. Drisko
- Professor Emeritus, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Leigh Wagner
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
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118
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A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels. NUTR HOSP 2020; 38:121-127. [PMID: 33319583 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. Objective: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 17.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. Conclusion: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women.
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119
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Child Consumption of Whole Fruit and Fruit Juice Following Six Months of Exposure to a Pediatric Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010025. [PMID: 31877635 PMCID: PMC7019436 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health recommendations suggest limiting child consumption of fruit juice in favor of whole fruit due to juice’s high sugar content, lack of fruit fiber, and potential for excess intake. However, replacing juice with whole fruit may be particularly challenging for low-income and minority children, who report the highest intake of 100% juice. To address access and affordability challenges among low-income children, researchers partnered with pediatricians in an urban food desert community, to introduce a fruit and vegetable prescription program (FVPP) that provided a $15 prescription for fresh produce to every child during each office visit. Participating vendors included a farmers’ market and local mobile market. This study assessed changes in daily consumption of total fruit and whole fruit among 108 pediatric patients following six months of exposure to the FVPP. Child-reported mean daily intake of whole fruit increased significantly from the baseline to the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.03): 44% of children reported an increased intake of at least ¼ cup per day, and 30% reported an increased intake of at least ½ cup per day. Changes in total fruit intake (including fruit juice) were not significant. Results suggest a pediatric FVPP may have meaningful impacts on children’s dietary behaviors, particularly with regard to the intake of whole fruits.
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120
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Sterling SR, Bowen SA. The Potential for Plant-Based Diets to Promote Health Among Blacks Living in the United States. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2915. [PMID: 31810250 PMCID: PMC6949922 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risks of various chronic diseases in the general population. However, it is unclear how these benefits translate to Blacks living in the United States, who are disproportionately burdened with heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) review the general evidence of plant-based diets and health outcomes; (2) discuss how this evidence translates to Blacks following a plant-based diet; and (3) provide recommendations and considerations for future studies in this area. Interestingly, although the evidence supporting plant-based diets in the general population is robust, little research has been done on Blacks specifically. However, the available data suggests that following a plant-based diet may reduce the risk of heart disease and possibly cancer in this population. More research is needed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, cancer subtypes, and other chronic diseases. Further, attention must be given to the unique individual, familial, communal, and environmental needs that Blacks who follow plant-based diets may have. Interventions must be culturally appropriate in order to achieve long-term success, and providing low-cost, flavorful, and nutritious options will be important.
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121
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Williams LM, Scott HA, Wood LG. Soluble fibre as a treatment for inflammation in asthma. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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122
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Liu Y, Gao X, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang H, Wang Q, Ma B, Yao S. Effectiveness and safety of light vegetarian diet on functional constipation with gastrointestinal damp-heat pattern: An exploratory study protocol for randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18325. [PMID: 31852124 PMCID: PMC6922355 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional constipation (FC) is one of the common gastrointestinal disorders that affects people of almost every age. Persistent FC significantly affects quality of life and well-being along with economic burden on patients as well as health care system. Therapeutic efficacy of currently used treatment strategies becomes limited shortly after their discontinuation as constipation occurs again as a result of inappropriate dietary habits. Previous studies have revealed that light vegetarian diet (LVD) can significantly improve both typical and atypical subtypes of major traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) FC syndrome such as gastrointestinal damp-heat syndrome. This protocol aims at exploratorily investigating effectiveness and safety of LVD following a rigorous clinical trial. METHODS AND DESIGN Total 92 patients in each of the 2 subtypes will be recruited in China-Japan Friendship Hospital for participating in this prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial and exploratory study. The patients in each subtype will be randomly divided into 4 groups according to 1:1:1:1 ratio with allocation concealment, which are drug + diet group, drug group, placebo + diet group and placebo group. Patients in the group with diet intervention will be required to strictly follow the LVD. The study will continue for a period of 28 days, including a drug or placebo supervised intervention and a 14th-day telephone follow-up. During the intervention, patients will be required to record a designed diary for controlling the diet quality (DQ) and analyzing the defecation. The study will focus investigation of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) per week as its primary outcome and constipation-related symptom rating scale (CSS), TCM syndrome scale (TCMSS), 48-hour gastrointestinal transit time (48-hour GITT), high resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) and fecal flora detection (FFD) will be included in secondary outcomes. Furthermore, the study will also determine safety, DQ and compliance indicators. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by China-Japan Friendship Hospital clinical research ethics committee (No. 2017-46-1). A SPIRIT checklist is available for this protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800019686 in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (WHO ICTRP member).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Gastroenterology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Xudong Gao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Beijing Rectum Hospital
| | - Yuehua Ding
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University
| | - Yuanchen Zhou
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Huijing Wang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University
| | - Bingzhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Shukun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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123
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Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Wild Rice in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice: The Gut Microbiome, Cytokines, and Metabolomics Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122894. [PMID: 31795092 PMCID: PMC6950250 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: We previously reported the anti-atherogenic properties of wild rice in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice. The present study aimed to discover the mechanism of action for such effects. Materials: Fecal and plasma samples from the wild rice treated and control mice were used. Fecal bacterial population was estimated while using 16S rDNA technology. The plasma samples were used to estimate the levels of 35 inflammatory markers and metabolomics, while using Meso Scale multiplex assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. Results: Many bacteria, particularly Anaeroplasma sp., Acetatifactor sp., and Prophyromonadaceae sp., were found in higher quantities in the feces of wild rice fed mice as compared to the controls. Cytokine profiles were significantly different between the plasma of treated and control mice. Among them, an increase in the level of IL-10 and erythropoietin (EPO) could explain the anti-atherogenic properties of wild rice. Among many metabolites tested in plasma of these animals, surprisingly, we found an approximately 60% increase in the levels of glucose in the wild rice fed mice as compared to that in the control mice. Conclusion: Additional studies warrant further investigation of the interplay among gut microbiome, inflammatory status, and macronutrient metabolism.
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124
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Chronic constipation: new insights, better outcomes? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:873-882. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Randomized Controlled Trial of a Natural Food-Based Fiber Solution to Prevent Constipation in Postoperative Spine Fusion Patients. Orthop Nurs 2019; 38:367-372. [DOI: 10.1097/nor.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Kommers MJ, Silva Rodrigues RA, Miyajima F, Zavala Zavala AA, Ultramari VRLM, Fett WCR, Balogun SO, de Oliveira RG, Fett CA. Effects of Probiotic Use on Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Constipated Female University Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:1163-1171. [PMID: 31657615 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a probiotic supplement containing two genera and five species of bacteria versus placebo on the quality of life (QoL) in female university students with intestinal constipation (IC). Design: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on female university students in a single study center. Settings/Location: Two phases of interventions were carried out, the pilot and main study. All participants were female students of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Subjects: Female students whose ages ranged from 20 to 40 years and self-reported to be suffering from IC based on a questionnaire containing Rome III criteria were included. Interventions: Interventions occurred during a period of 30 days in the pilot phase (n = 32) and 15 days in the main study phase (n = 63). The subjects were numbered and randomly divided into experimental probiotic and placebo control groups. Therefore, neither the participants nor the researchers were aware of the allocations of the treatment groups. Outcome measures: The sociodemographic, Rome III, Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QoL) and International Physical Activity questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were utilized. The relative risk (RR) treatment effect, absolute risk reduction (ARR), RR reduction, number needed to treat (NNT), and odds ratio were calculated. Results: Improvement in the QoL (ARR = 14% and p < 0.01) and satisfaction (ARR = 44% and p < 0.01) according to the PAC-QoL questionnaire was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. For probiotic supplementation, an NNT = 7 was obtained. This implies that for every seven constipated women treated, a worsening in the QoL is prevented in one. An NNT = 1 was obtained concerning satisfaction in the same group of women with respect to the treatment. No clinically significant observations related to the safety of the product were reported. The authors did not detect the effect of exercise intensity on the QoL of participants. Conclusion: The probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on the QoL of constipated female university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jalousie Kommers
- School of Physical Education (Post-Graduate Program), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Miyajima
- Department of Science, Technology, Production and Innovation in Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Alexandre Fett
- School of Physical Education (Post-Graduate Program), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Lapuente M, Estruch R, Shahbaz M, Casas R. Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2381. [PMID: 31590420 PMCID: PMC6835769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim of this review is to examine the possible protective effect that fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds may have on the development of NCDs such as atherosclerosis. The accumulated evidence on the protective effects of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in some cases, or the lack of evidence in others, are summarized in the present review. The main conclusion of this review is that well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies are needed to truly understand the role fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds have in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Mana Shahbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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128
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Wang C, Yang T, Guo XF, Li D. The Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Lung Cancer Risk in Participants with Different Smoking Status: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081791. [PMID: 31382476 PMCID: PMC6723574 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of epidemiological studies on the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and lung cancer risk were inconsistent among participants with different smoking status. The purpose of this study was to investigate these relationships in participants with different smoking status with prospective cohort studies. A systematic literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2019. The summary relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects model. The nonlinear dose-response analysis was carried out with restricted cubic spline regression model. Publication bias was estimated using Begg’s test. Nine independent prospective studies were included for data synthesis. Dietary consumption of fruit was negatively correlated with lung cancer risk among current smokers and former smokers, and the summery RRs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), respectively. Consumption of vegetable was significantly associated with reduced risk of lung cancer for current smokers (summary RR = 87%; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94), but not for former smokers and never for smokers. Dose-response analysis suggested that risk of lung cancer was reduced by 5% (95% CI: 0.93, 0.97) in current smokers, and reduced by 4% (95% CI: 0.93, 0.98) in former smokers with an increase of 100 grams of fruit intake per day, respectively. Besides, dose-response analysis indicated a 3% reduction in lung cancer risk in current smokers for 100 gram per day increase of vegetable intake (95% CI: 0.96, 1.00). The findings of this study provide strong evidence that higher fruit consumption is negatively associated with the risk of lung cancer among current smokers and former smokers, while vegetable intake is significantly correlated with reducing the risk of lung cancer in current smokers. These findings might have considerable public health significance for the prevention of lung cancer through dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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129
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Rongkaumpan G, Amsbury S, Andablo-Reyes E, Linford H, Connell S, Knox JP, Sarkar A, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Orfila C. Cell Wall Polymer Composition and Spatial Distribution in Ripe Banana and Mango Fruit: Implications for Cell Adhesion and Texture Perception. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31338100 PMCID: PMC6629905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) and mango (Mangifera indica) are two of the most popular fruits eaten worldwide. They both soften during ripening but their textural attributes are markedly different. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underpinning textural differences between banana and mango. We used a novel combination of methods at different scales to analyse the surface properties of fruit cells and the potential contribution of cells and cell wall components to oral processing and texture perception. The results indicated that cell separation occurred easily in both organs under mild mechanical stress. Banana cells showed distinctively elongated shapes with distinct distribution of pectin and hemicellulose epitopes at the cell surface. In contrast, mango had relatively spherical cells that ruptured during cell separation. Atomic force microscopy detected soft surfaces indicative of middle lamella remnants on banana cells, while mango cells had cleaner, smoother surfaces, suggesting absence of middle lamellae and more advanced cell wall disassembly. Comparison of solubilized polymers by cell wall glycome analysis showed abundance of mannan and feruylated xylan in separation exudate from banana but not mango, but comparable levels of pectin and arabinogalactan proteins. Bulk rheology experiments showed that both fruits had similar apparent viscosity and hence might be extrapolated to have similar "oral thickness" perception. On the other hand, oral tribology experiments showed significant differences in their frictional behavior at orally relevant speeds. The instrumental lubrication behavior can be interpreted as "smooth" mouthfeel for mango as compared to "astringent" or "dry" for banana in the later stages of oral processing. The results suggest that cell wall surface properties contribute to lubricating behavior associated with textural perception in the oral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganittha Rongkaumpan
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Amsbury
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Efren Andablo-Reyes
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Linford
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Connell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Orfila
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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130
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Holder M. The Contribution of Food Consumption to Well-Being. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019; 74 Suppl 2:44-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000499147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerging field of positive psychology focuses on the positive facets of life, including happiness, life satisfaction, personal strengths, and flourishing. Research in this field has empirically identified many important benefits of enhanced well-being, including improvements in blood pressure, immune competence, longevity, career success, and satisfaction with personal relationships. Recognizing these benefits has motivated researchers to identify the correlates and causes of well-being to inform them in the development and testing of strategies and interventions to elevate well-being. As positive psychology researchers throughout the world have turned their attention toward facets of food intake, a consensus is developing that the consumption of healthy foods can enhance well-being in a dose-response fashion. The link between unhealthy foods and well-being is less clear. Some studies suggest that under certain conditions, fast food may increase happiness, though other studies demonstrate that fast food can indirectly undermine happiness. The positive impact of food consumption on well-being is not limited to what people consume but extends to how they consume it and social factors related to eating. Though the research suggests that our food intake, particularly fruits and vegetables, increases our well-being, this research is in its infancy. Research specifically focused on subpopulations, including infants and pregnant mothers, is mostly lacking, and the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between food consumption and well-being remain to be elucidated.
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131
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Zielinska D, Laparra-Llopis JM, Zielinski H, Szawara-Nowak D, Giménez-Bastida JA. Role of Apple Phytochemicals, Phloretin and Phloridzin, in Modulating Processes Related to Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1173. [PMID: 31130634 PMCID: PMC6566941 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived food consumption has gained attention as potential intervention for the improvement of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Apple consumption has been shown to be effective at ameliorating intestinal inflammation symptoms. These beneficial effects have been related to (poly)phenols, including phloretin (Phlor) and its glycoside named phloridzin (Phldz). To deepen the modulatory effects of these molecules we studied: i) their influence on the synthesis of proinflammatory molecules (PGE2, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1) in IL-1β-treated myofibroblasts of the colon CCD-18Co cell line, and ii) the inhibitory potential of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The results showed that Phlor (10-50 μM) decreased the synthesis of PGE2 and IL-8 and the formation of AGEs by different mechanisms. It is concluded that Phlor and Phldz, compounds found exclusively in apples, are positively associated with potential beneficial effects of apple consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Zielinska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - José Moisés Laparra-Llopis
- Group of Molecular Immunonutrition in Cancer, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Henryk Zielinski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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132
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Encalada AMI, Pérez CD, Flores SK, Rossetti L, Fissore EN, Rojas AM. Antioxidant pectin enriched fractions obtained from discarded carrots (Daucus carota L.) by ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction. Food Chem 2019; 289:453-460. [PMID: 30955636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carrot residues were upgraded as pectin-enriched fractions (PEFs) useful for functional food formulation due to co-extracted antioxidants (α- and β-carotenes, lutein, α-tocopherol), and gelling effect. High power ultrasound (US)-enzyme assisted extraction was applied for efficiency and sustainability. Carrot powder (CP) in citrate-buffer (pH 5.20) was submitted to US-pretreatment (12.27 W/cm2: 20 kHz, 80% amplitude, 20 min) and a subsequent digestion (5 h-40 °C) without or with hemicellulase or cellulase. US-hemicellulase led to the highest PEF yield (27.1%), and extracted almost the whole pectin content of CP. US-pretreatment increased the extraction yield of all PEFs, but the existence of an additional positive effect of the following step depended on the enzyme used. PEFs contained 40-47% of UA with low DM (24-49.9%), and co-extracted antioxidants. US decreased the antioxidant contents, DM, and molecular weight, but allowed obtaining calcium crosslinked true gels, also with higher elastic modulus than non-US-extracted PEFs, being promising as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra M Idrovo Encalada
- Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia K Flores
- Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Rossetti
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana N Fissore
- Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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