101
|
Pakiet A, Kobiela J, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Changes in lipids composition and metabolism in colorectal cancer: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:29. [PMID: 30684960 PMCID: PMC6347819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is currently considered a hallmark characteristic of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids are a large group of metabolites that differ in terms of their fatty acid composition. This review summarizes recent evidence, documenting many alterations in the content and composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, oxylipins and triacylglycerols in CRC patients' sera, tumor tissues and adipose tissue. Some of altered lipid molecules may be potential biomarkers of CRC risk, development and progression. Owing to a significant role of many lipids in cancer cell metabolism, some of lipid metabolism pathways may also constitute specific targets for anti-CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Sato T, Kawasaki Y, Maekawa M, Takasaki S, Saigusa D, Ota H, Shimada S, Yamashita S, Mitsuzuka K, Yamaguchi H, Ito A, Kinoshita K, Koshiba S, Mano N, Arai Y. Value of global metabolomics in association with diagnosis and clinicopathological factors of renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:484-493. [PMID: 30628065 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor that currently lacks clinically useful biomarkers indicative of early diagnosis or disease status. RCC has commonly been diagnosed based on imaging results. Metabolomics offers a potential technology for discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets by comprehensive screening of metabolites from patients with various cancers. We aimed to identify metabolites associated with early diagnosis and clinicopathological factors in RCC using global metabolomics (G-Met). Tumor and nontumor tissues were sampled from 20 cases of surgically resected clear cell RCC. G-Met was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and important metabolites specific to RCC were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis for cancer diagnostic ability based on area under the curve (AUC) and clinicopathological factors (tumor volume, pathological T stage, Fuhrman grade, presence of coagulation necrosis and distant metastasis). We identified 58 metabolites showing significantly increased levels in tumor tissues, 34 of which showed potential early diagnostic ability (AUC >0.8), but 24 did not discriminate between tumor and nontumor tissues (AUC ≤0.8). We recognized 6 pathways from 9 metabolites with AUC >0.8 and 7 pathways from 10 metabolites with AUC ≤0.8 about malignant status. Clinicopathological factors involving malignant status correlated significantly with metabolites showing AUC ≤0.8 (p = 0.0279). The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, TCA cycle intermediates, nucleotide sugar pathway and inositol pathway were characteristic pathways for the malignant status of RCC. In conclusion, our study found that metabolites and their pathways allowed discrimination between early diagnosis and malignant status in RCC according to our G-Met protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sato
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinya Takasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ota
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimada
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Combination of serum lipids and cancer antigens as a novel marker for colon cancer diagnosis. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:261. [PMID: 30458796 PMCID: PMC6247608 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is a malignancy of the large intestine with high mortality and economic burden. Recent studies reveal a new relationship between blood lipids and the risk of cancer. The presents study aims to investigate the combination of serum lipids with cancer antigens as a novel diagnostic marker for colon cancer. Methods Two hundred of colon cancer patients or healthy subjects were recruited. Serum lipids and cancer antigens such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) were measured. Results There were significantly lower level of serum TC or HDL, and significantly higher level of serum CEA or CA19–9 in patients than in healthy subjects. Serum TC or HDL in patients with advanced colon cancer was significantly lower than the ones with early stage disease. The level of serum TC or HDL in patients after surgical removal of colon cancer was significantly higher compared to the ones before surgery, but serum CEA or CA19–9 after surgery was significantly reduced in comparison with the ones before surgery. Combined TC, HDL, CEA and CA19–9 as a diagnostic marker for colon cancer had the highest positive predictive rate in comparison with individual, two or three of the parameters. Conclusions The combination of serum TC, HDL, CEA and CA19–9 can be used as an effective marker for colon cancer, and offers a novel strategy for clinical diagnosis and monitoring the disease.
Collapse
|
104
|
Zhao C, Zou H, Wang J, Shen J, Liu H. A Three Long Noncoding RNA-Based Signature for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis Prediction. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:888-895. [PMID: 30234381 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite relative high 5-year survival rate, delayed diagnosis still hampers its prognosis improvement. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has recently been demonstrated to involve in development of various cancers. This study aimed to identify a lncRNA-based signature by which we could accurately predict OSCC prognosis. We first downloaded the RNA sequencing datasets for OSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and divided samples into training set and validation set. Associations between lncRNAs' expression and OSCC overall survival (OS) were evaluated in training set. Further screening through Random Survival Forest (RSF) method identified a prognostic signature composed of three lncRNAs, including AC013268.5, RP11.65 L3.4, and RP11.15A1.7, and by which OSCC samples in training set could be divided into high-risk and low-risk group with significantly different OS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.873). Besides, reliability of the prognostic signature was confirmed in the validation set (p < 0.01, HR = 2.14). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the superiority of the signature in OSCC prognosis prediction than other clinical characteristics. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that high-risk score was closely associated with metabolism and spliceosome related pathways. Our findings suggest that lncRNA should be an important biomarker for prognosis of OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhao
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Huiru Zou
- 2 Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Adamska A, Falasca M. ATP-binding cassette transporters in progression and clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer: What is the way forward? World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3222-3238. [PMID: 30090003 PMCID: PMC6079284 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive diseases and is characterized by high chemoresistance, leading to the lack of effective therapeutic approaches and grim prognosis. Despite increasing understanding of the mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer and the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in this resistance, the therapeutic potential of their pharmacological inhibition has not been successfully exploited yet. In spite of the discovery of potent pharmacological modulators of ABC transporters, the results obtained in clinical trials have been so far disappointing, with high toxicity levels impairing their successful administration to the patients. Critically, although ABC transporters have been mostly studied for their involvement in development of multidrug resistance (MDR), in recent years the contribution of ABC transporters to cancer initiation and progression has emerged as an important area of research, the understanding of which could significantly influence the development of more specific and efficient therapies. In this review, we explore the role of ABC transporters in the development and progression of malignancies, with focus on PDAC. Their established involvement in development of MDR will be also presented. Moreover, an emerging role for ABC transporters as prognostic tools for patients' survival will be discussed, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of ABC transporters in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Lombardo D, Silvy F, Crenon I, Martinez E, Collignon A, Beraud E, Mas E. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and MODY-8 diabetes: is bile salt-dependent lipase (or carboxyl ester lipase) at the crossroads of pancreatic pathologies? Oncotarget 2018; 9:12513-12533. [PMID: 29552330 PMCID: PMC5844766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and diabetes mellitus are responsible for the deaths of around two million people each year worldwide. Patients with chronic pancreatitis do not die directly of this disease, except where the pathology is hereditary. Much current literature supports the involvement of bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), in the pathophysiology of these pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on connections between chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas by gaining an insight into BSDL and its variants. This enzyme is normally secreted by the exocrine pancreas, and is diverted within the intestinal lumen to participate in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids. However, BSDL is also expressed by other cells and tissues, where it participates in lipid homeostasis. Variants of BSDL resulting from germline and/or somatic mutations (nucleotide insertion/deletion or nonallelic homologous recombination) are expressed in the pancreas of patients with pancreatic pathologies such as chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We discuss the possible link between the expression of BSDL variants and these dramatic pancreatic pathologies, putting forward the suggestion that BSDL and its variants are implicated in the cell lipid metabolism/reprogramming that leads to the dyslipidemia observed in chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We also propose potential strategies for translation to therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Collignon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Beraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Xu GH, Lou N, Shi HC, Xu YC, Ruan HL, Xiao W, Liu L, Li X, Xiao HB, Qiu B, Bao L, Yuan CF, Zhou YL, Hu WJ, Chen K, Yang HM, Zhang XP. Up-regulation of SR-BI promotes progression and serves as a prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:88. [PMID: 29357836 PMCID: PMC5778766 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) has been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis of several human cancers. However, it is currently unknown whether SR-BI plays a role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we aimed to evaluate a tumor promotive mechanism for SR-BI in ccRCC. Methods The expression of SR-BI was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Lipid droplets in ccRCC tissues and normal kidney tissues were examined by Oil Red O (ORO) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The correlation between SR-BI mRNA levels and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox model were used to evaluate the difference in progression-free survival (PFS) associated with expression of SR-BI. Inhibition of SR-BI was conducted by using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vitro assays were performed to assess the impact of SR-BI knockdown on cell biological behaviors. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content in ccRCC cells and extracellular media was also measured after transfection with siRNA. Results The expression of SR-BI was markedly up-regulated in ccRCC tissues and tumor cell lines. ORO and HE staining revealed huge amounts of lipid droplets accumulation in ccRCC. Clinical analysis showed that over-expression of SR-BI was positively associated with tumor size, grade, distant metastasis and inversely correlated with PFS. Furthermore, SR-BI was proved to be an independent prognostic marker in ccRCC patients. The inhibition of SR-BI attenuated the tumorous behaviors of ccRCC cells, expression of metastasis and AKT pathway related proteins. The content of HDL-cholesterol was reduced in cells while increased in extracellular media after transfection with si-SR-BI. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that SR-BI functions as an oncogene and promotes progression of ccRCC. SR-BI may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hang-Chuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Chen Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hai-Long Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chang-Fei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Gibori H, Eliyahu S, Krivitsky A, Ben-Shushan D, Epshtein Y, Tiram G, Blau R, Ofek P, Lee JS, Ruppin E, Landsman L, Barshack I, Golan T, Merquiol E, Blum G, Satchi-Fainaro R. Amphiphilic nanocarrier-induced modulation of PLK1 and miR-34a leads to improved therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29295989 PMCID: PMC5750234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suggests that successful treatment might rely on simultaneous targeting of multiple genes, which can be achieved by RNA interference-based therapeutic strategies. Here we show a potent combination of microRNA and siRNA delivered by an efficient nanocarrier to PDAC tumors. Using proteomic-microRNA profiles and survival data of PDAC patients from TCGA, we found a novel signature for prolonged survival. Accordingly, we used a microRNA-mimic to increase miR-34a together with siRNA to silence PLK1 oncogene. For in vivo dual-targeting of this combination, we developed a biodegradable amphiphilic polyglutamate amine polymeric nanocarrier (APA). APA-miRNA-siRNA polyplexes systemically administered to orthotopically inoculated PDAC-bearing mice showed no toxicity and accumulated at the tumor, resulting in an enhanced antitumor effect due to inhibition of MYC oncogene, a common target of both miR-34a and PLK1. Taken together, our findings warrant this unique combined polyplex's potential as a novel nanotherapeutic for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Gibori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shay Eliyahu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yana Epshtein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Rachel Blau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Blavatnik School of Computer Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Lipid Metabolism and Lipid Droplets in Pancreatic Cancer and Stellate Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 10:cancers10010003. [PMID: 29295482 PMCID: PMC5789353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second deadliest cancer by 2030, and the overall 5-year survival rate is currently less than 7%. Cancer cells frequently exhibit reprogramming of their metabolic activity. It is increasingly recognized that aberrant de novo lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism are both associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. In this review, the current knowledge about lipid metabolism and lipid droplets in pancreatic cancer is discussed. In the first part, molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and roles of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism which are relevant for pancreatic cancer research are presented. Further, preclinical studies and clinical trials with drugs/inhibitors targeting cancer metabolic systems in cancer are summarized. An increase of our knowledge in lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells and in tumor stroma is important for developing novel strategies of future individualized therapies of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
110
|
Borowa-Mazgaj B, Mróz A, Augustin E, Paluszkiewicz E, Mazerska Z. The overexpression of CPR and P450 3A4 in pancreatic cancer cells changes the metabolic profile and increases the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity of acridine antitumor agent, C-1748. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
111
|
Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, McGovern C, Wafula E, dePamphilis C, Meckley M, Wong J, Stewart L, D’Jamoos C, Altman N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Honaas L, Abraham T. "Stealth dissemination" of macrophage-tumor cell fusions cultured from blood of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184451. [PMID: 28957348 PMCID: PMC5619717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe isolation and characterization of macrophage-tumor cell fusions (MTFs) from the blood of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The MTFs were generally aneuploidy, and immunophenotypic characterizations showed that the MTFs express markers characteristic of PDAC and stem cells, as well as M2-polarized macrophages. Single cell RNASeq analyses showed that the MTFs express many transcripts implicated in cancer progression, LINE1 retrotransposons, and very high levels of several long non-coding transcripts involved in metastasis (such as MALAT1). When cultured MTFs were transplanted orthotopically into mouse pancreas, they grew as obvious well-differentiated islands of cells, but they also disseminated widely throughout multiple tissues in "stealth" fashion. They were found distributed throughout multiple organs at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after transplantation (including liver, spleen, lung), occurring as single cells or small groups of cells, without formation of obvious tumors or any apparent progression over the 4 to 12 week period. We suggest that MTFs form continually during PDAC development, and that they disseminate early in cancer progression, forming "niches" at distant sites for subsequent colonization by metastasis-initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Claude dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Morgan Meckley
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Luke Stewart
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher D’Jamoos
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Naomi Altman
- Department of Statistics, Eberly College, UP, PSU, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Loren Honaas
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences and Microscopy Imaging Facility, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Tadros S, Shukla SK, King RJ, Gunda V, Vernucci E, Abrego J, Chaika NV, Yu F, Lazenby AJ, Berim L, Grem J, Sasson AR, Singh PK. De Novo Lipid Synthesis Facilitates Gemcitabine Resistance through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5503-5517. [PMID: 28811332 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is moderately responsive to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, the most widely used single-agent therapy for pancreatic cancer. Although the prognosis in pancreatic cancer remains grim in part due to poor response to therapy, previous attempts at identifying and targeting the resistance mechanisms have not been very successful. By leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we identified lipid metabolism as the metabolic pathway that most significantly correlated with poor gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between alterations in lipogenesis pathway and gemcitabine resistance by utilizing tissues from the genetically engineered mouse model and human pancreatic cancer patients. We observed a significant increase in fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression with increasing disease progression in spontaneous pancreatic cancer mouse model, and a correlation of high FASN expression with poor survival in patients and poor gemcitabine responsiveness in cell lines. We observed a synergistic effect of FASN inhibitors with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells in culture and orthotopic implantation models. Combination of gemcitabine and the FASN inhibitor orlistat significantly diminished stemness, in part due to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that resulted in apoptosis. Moreover, direct induction of ER stress with thapsigargin caused a similar decrease in stemness and showed synergistic activity with gemcitabine. Our in vivo studies with orthotopic implantation models demonstrated a robust increase in gemcitabine responsiveness upon inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis with orlistat. Altogether, we demonstrate that fatty acid biosynthesis pathway manipulation can help overcome the gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by regulating ER stress and stemness. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5503-17. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Tadros
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ryan J King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Venugopal Gunda
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Enza Vernucci
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jaime Abrego
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nina V Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lyudmyla Berim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jean Grem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Aaron R Sasson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Wang X, Peng Y, Xie M, Gao Z, Yin L, Pu Y, Liu R. Identification of extracellular matrix protein 1 as a potential plasma biomarker of ESCC by proteomic analysis using iTRAQ and 2D-LC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28493612 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to conduct a proteomics profiling analysis on plasma obtained from ESCC patients with the goal of identifying appropriate plasma protein biomarkers in the progression of ESCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma from 28 ESCC patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by iTRAQ combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. ProteinPilot software was used to identify the differentially expressed plasma proteins in ESCC compared to HC. Western blot was performed to verify the expression of selected proteins in 37 independent ESCC patients and 37 HC. Transwell and MTT assays were used to detect the biological function of ECM1 protein in vitro. RESULTS Nineteen (four upregulated and fifteen downregulated) proteins were identified as differentially expressed between ESCC and HC (p <0.05). Biological functions of these proteins are involved in cell adhesion, cell apoptosis and metabolic processes, visual perception and immune response. Of these, extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) and lumican (LUM) were selected further confirmation by Western blot (p <0.05), which were consistent with the iTRAQ results. Furthermore, the migration ability of EC9706 cell line after overexpressing ECM1 was increased significantly (p <0.05). The proliferation ability of HUVEC cell was enhanced when treated with the culture supernatants of EC9706 overexpressed ECM1(p <0.05). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This proteome analysis indicate that ECM1 is a potential novel plasma protein biomarker for the detection of primary ESCC and evaluation of neoplasms progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, China
| | - Zhikui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Mika A, Kobiela J, Czumaj A, Chmielewski M, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T. Hyper-Elongation in Colorectal Cancer Tissue - Cerotic Acid is a Potential Novel Serum Metabolic Marker of Colorectal Malignancies. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:722-730. [PMID: 28214830 DOI: 10.1159/000458431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells show some alterations of lipid metabolism. Elongation of fatty acids (FA) has not been studied in CRC tissues thus far. The aim of this study was to verify if CRC specimens and normal colon mucosa differ in terms of their levels of very long-chain FAs, a product of FA elongation. Moreover, the expression of elongase genes has been studied in normal tissue and CRC. Finally, we searched for some specific products of FA elongation in serum of CRC patients. METHODS The specimens of normal colon mucosa and CRC were obtained from nineteen CRC patients differ in terms of FA elongation. We also searched for some specific products of FA elongation in serum of CRC patients and from healthy volunteers. Tissue and serum FA profiles were determined by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the tissue expression of elongases (ELOVLs) was analyzed with real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared to normal colon tissue, CRC specimens showed significantly higher levels of 22-, 24- and 26-carbon FAs, stronger expressions of ELOVL1 and ELOVL6 (4- and 9-fold elevated respectively), and higher values of 18: 0/16: 0 elongation index. We also demonstrated presence of cerotic acid (26: 0) in serum of all CRC patients but in none of the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS CRC tissue seems to be characterized by enhanced FA elongation (hyper-elongation). Presence of cerotic acid in CRC patients sera and absence of this FA in healthy subjects points to this compound as a strong candidate for specific metabolic marker of colorectal malignancies.
Collapse
|
115
|
Urine and Serum Metabolomics Analyses May Distinguish between Stages of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7010006. [PMID: 28165361 PMCID: PMC5372209 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that is usually asymptomatic until late in the disease. There is an urgent need for RCC specific biomarkers that may be exploited clinically for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Preoperative fasting urine and serum samples were collected from patients with clinical renal masses and assessed with 1H NMR and GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. Alterations in levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were detected in RCC relative to benign masses. Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis plots discriminated between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.46, Q2 = 0.28; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.58, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.87) for 1H NMR-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.50, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.72, Q2 = 0.68, AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. Separation was observed between benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.63, Q2 = 0.48; AUC = 0.93), pT1 vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.70, Q2 = 0.54) for GCMS-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT3 (R2Y = 0.87; Q2 = 0.70; AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. This pilot study suggests that urine and serum metabolomics may be useful in differentiating benign renal tumors from RCC and for staging RCC.
Collapse
|
116
|
Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations of specific lipid groups in serum of obese humans: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:247-272. [PMID: 27899022 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the dysfunction of liver, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and reproductive system, as well as a component of metabolic syndrome. Although development of obesity-related disorders is associated with lipid abnormalities, most previous studies dealing with the problem in question were limited to routinely determined parameters, such as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many authors postulated to extend the scope of analysed lipid compounds and to study obesity-related alterations in other, previously non-examined groups of lipids. Comprehensive quantitative, structural and functional analysis of specific lipid groups may result in identification of new obesity-related alterations. The review summarizes available evidence of obesity-related alterations in various groups of lipids and their impact on health status of obese subjects. Further, the role of diet and endogenous lipid synthesis in the development of serum lipid alterations is discussed, along with potential application of various lipid compounds as risk markers for obesity-related comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Arlia-Ciommo A, Svistkova V, Mohtashami S, Titorenko VI. A novel approach to the discovery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals: searching for activators of liponecrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5204-25. [PMID: 26636650 PMCID: PMC4868681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently conducted chemical genetic screen for pharmaceuticals that can extend longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has identified lithocholic acid as a potent anti-aging molecule. It was found that this hydrophobic bile acid is also a selective anti-tumor chemical compound; it kills different types of cultured cancer cells if used at concentrations that do not compromise the viability of non-cancerous cells. These studies have revealed that yeast can be successfully used as a model organism for high-throughput screens aimed at the discovery of selectively acting anti-tumor small molecules. Two metabolic traits of rapidly proliferating fermenting yeast, namely aerobic glycolysis and lipogenesis, are known to be similar to those of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying these key metabolic features of cancer cells and fermenting yeast have been established; such mechanisms are discussed in this review. We also suggest how a yeast-based chemical genetic screen can be used for the high-throughput development of selective anti-tumor pharmaceuticals that kill only cancer cells. This screen consists of searching for chemical compounds capable of increasing the abundance of membrane lipids enriched in unsaturated fatty acids that would therefore be toxic only to rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells and fermenting yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sadaf Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Gong J, Sachdev E, Robbins LA, Lin E, Hendifar AE, Mita MM. Statins and pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1035-1040. [PMID: 28454210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains among the most lethal cancers, despite ongoing advances in treatment for all stages of the disease. Disease prevention represents another opportunity to improve patient outcome, with metabolic syndrome and its components, such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, having been recognized as modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer. In addition, statins have been shown to potentially reduce pancreatic cancer risk and to improve survival in patients with a combination of metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, preclinical studies have demonstrated that statins exhibit antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and animal models in vivo, in addition to delaying the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and inhibiting PDAC formation in conditional K-Ras mutant mice. The mechanisms by which statins produce anticancer effects remain poorly understood, although appear to involve inhibition of the mevalonate/cholesterol synthesis pathway, thus blocking the synthesis of intermediates important for prenylation and activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, statins have been identified to modulate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt serine/threonine kinase 1 and inflammation signaling pathways, and to alter the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, which are important for PDAC growth and proliferation. In addition, statins have been demonstrated to exhibit further antitumor mechanisms in a number of other cancer types, which are beyond the scope of the present review. In the present review, current evidence highlighting the potential of statins as chemopreventive agents in pancreatic cancer is presented, and the antitumor mechanisms of statins elucidated thus far in this disease are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Esha Sachdev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lori A Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Emily Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Andrew E Hendifar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Monica M Mita
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Wilmanski T, Buhman K, Donkin SS, Burgess JR, Teegarden D. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation in metastatic breast cancer cells through down-regulation of pyruvate carboxylase. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:194-200. [PMID: 27936456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both increased de novo fatty acid synthesis and higher neutral lipid accumulation are a common phenotype observed in aggressive breast cancer cells, making lipid metabolism a promising target for breast cancer prevention. In the present studies, we demonstrate a novel effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) on lipid metabolism in malignant breast epithelial cells. Treatment of MCF10CA1a breast epithelial cells with 1,25(OH)₂D (10 nM) for 5 and 7 days decreased the level of triacylglycerol, the most abundant form of neutral lipids, by 20%(±3.9) and 50%(±5.9), respectively. In addition, 1,25(OH)₂D treatment for 5 days decreased palmitate synthesis from glucose, the major fatty acid synthesized de novo (48%±5.5 relative to vehicle). We have further identified the anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) as a target of 1,25(OH)₂D-mediated regulation and hypothesized that 1,25(OH)₂D regulates breast cancer cell lipid metabolism through inhibition of PC. PC mRNA expression was down-regulated with 1,25(OH)₂D treatment at 2 (73%±6 relative to vehicle) and 5 (56%±8 relative to vehicle) days. Decrease in mRNA abundance corresponded with a decrease in PC protein expression at 5 days of treatment (54%±12 relative to vehicle). Constitutive overexpression of PC in MCF10CA1a cells using a pCMV6-PC plasmid inhibited the effect of 1,25(OH)₂D on both TAG accumulation and de novo palmitate synthesis from glucose. Together, these studies demonstrate a novel mechanism through which 1,25(OH)₂D regulates lipid metabolism in malignant breast epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wilmanski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kimberly Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - John R Burgess
- Department of Nutrition Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Nwosu ZC, Ebert MP, Dooley S, Meyer C. Caveolin-1 in the regulation of cell metabolism: a cancer perspective. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27852311 PMCID: PMC5112640 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an oncogenic membrane protein associated with endocytosis, extracellular matrix organisation, cholesterol distribution, cell migration and signaling. Recent studies reveal that CAV1 is involved in metabolic alterations – a critical strategy adopted by cancer cells to their survival advantage. Consequently, research findings suggest that CAV1, which is altered in several cancer types, influences tumour development or progression by controlling metabolism. Understanding the molecular interplay between CAV1 and metabolism could help uncover druggable metabolic targets or pathways of clinical relevance in cancer therapy. Here we review from a cancer perspective, the findings that CAV1 modulates cell metabolism with a focus on glycolysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe Chike Nwosu
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Liang C, Qin Y, Zhang B, Ji S, Shi S, Xu W, Liu J, Xiang J, Liang D, Hu Q, Liu L, Liu C, Luo G, Ni Q, Xu J, Yu X. Energy sources identify metabolic phenotypes in pancreatic cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:969-979. [PMID: 27649892 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancers. As a highly malignant tumor, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is not only a metabolic disease but also a heterogeneous disease. Heterogeneity induces PDA dependence on distinct nutritive substrates, thereby inducing different metabolic phenotypes. We stratified PDA into four phenotypes with distinct types of energy metabolism, including a Warburg phenotype, a reverse Warburg phenotype, a glutaminolysis phenotype, and a lipid-dependent phenotype. The four phenotypes possess distinct metabolic features and reprogram their metabolic pathways to adapt to stress. The metabolic type present in PDA should prompt differential imaging and serologic metabolite detection for diagnosis and prognosis. The targeting of an individual metabolic phenotype with corresponding metabolic inhibitors is considered a promising therapeutic approach and, in combination with chemotherapy, is expected to be a novel strategy for PDA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Um SY, Park JH, Chung MW, Choi KH, Lee HJ. 1 H-Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:492-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
123
|
Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Lipid Droplets: A Key Cellular Organelle Associated with Cancer Cell Survival under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091430. [PMID: 27589734 PMCID: PMC5037709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect describes the phenomenon by which cancer cells obtain energy from glycolysis even under normoxic (O₂-sufficient) conditions. Tumor tissues are generally exposed to hypoxia owing to inefficient and aberrant vasculature. Cancer cells have multiple molecular mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions by reprogramming the cellular metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors are major transcription factors induced in cancer cells in response to hypoxia that contribute to the metabolic changes. In addition, cancer cells within hypoxic tumor areas have reduced access to serum components such as nutrients and lipids. However, the effect of such serum factor deprivation on cancer cell biology in the context of tumor hypoxia is not fully understood. Cancer cells are lipid-rich under normoxia and hypoxia, leading to the increased generation of a cellular organelle, the lipid droplet (LD). In recent years, the LD-mediated stress response mechanisms of cancer cells have been revealed. This review focuses on the production and functions of LDs in various types of cancer cells in relation to the associated cellular environment factors including tissue oxygenation status and metabolic mechanisms. This information will contribute to the current understanding of how cancer cells adapt to diverse tumor environments to promote their survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Rosolen D, Kretzer IF, Winter E, Noldin VF, Rodrigues do Carmo ÍA, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Cechinel-Filho V, Creczynski-Pasa TB. N-phenylmaleimides affect adipogenesis and present antitumor activity through reduction of FASN expression. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:10-20. [PMID: 27507602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In light of the evidence that in contrast to most healthy tissues, several neoplasms overexpress fatty acid synthase (FASN) upon their dependence on increased lipogenesis; targeting of this protein is being considered as a valuable strategy in anticancer drug development. This can be particularly relevant for aggressive tumors such as melanoma in which FASN overexpression has been associated with increased depth of invasion and worse prognosis. We have previously shown that a sub-class of cyclic imides, the N-phenylmaleimides, presented antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia and B16F10 melanoma with evidences of interference in the energetic metabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate if some selected N-phenylmaleimides (M1 and M5) interfere with fatty acids metabolism and its relation with cancer. For that, a model of pre-adipocytes differentiation (3T3-L1 cells) and also human melanoma cells (SK-Mel-147) were used. As results, when 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of M1 and M5 in the presence of an adipogenic cocktail, intracellular lipid content decreased by 26-36%, marking the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. High selectivity indexes were obtained for both compounds for tumoral cells. Cell cycle phases analysis revealed a remarkable proportion of cells with DNA fragmentation after their exposure to M1 and M5. This was correlated to both apoptosis and necrosis, showed by Annexin-V/PI assay. Furthermore, M1 and M5 reduced FASN expression by 19-39%, respectively. In conclusion, M1 and M5 presented antiadipogenic and antitumoral activities. The antitumoral activity that was associated to apoptosis and necrosis is a possible consequence of the FASN reduction, which in turn, might result in a fuel decrease to cell proliferation. As it happens with antiangiogenic activity, reduction of fatty acid synthesis might be a potential target for cancer treatment in a strategy of hunger-strike, which valorizes these N-phenylmaleimides as candidates for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Rosolen
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Iara Fabrícia Kretzer
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Winter
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vânia Floriani Noldin
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Andrade Rodrigues do Carmo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ma J, Duan W, Han S, Lei J, Xu Q, Chen X, Jiang Z, Nan L, Li J, Chen K, Han L, Wang Z, Li X, Wu E, Huo X. Ginkgolic acid suppresses the development of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting pathways driving lipogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20993-1003. [PMID: 25895130 PMCID: PMC4673245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolic acid (GA) is a botanical drug extracted from the seed coat of Ginkgo biloba L. with a wide range of bioactive properties, including anti-tumor effect. However, whether GA has antitumor effect on pancreatic cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be investigated. In this study, we show that GA suppressed the viability of cancer cells but has little toxicity on normal cells, e.g, HUVEC cells. Furthermore, treatment of GA resulted in impaired colony formation, migration, and invasion ability and increased apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, GA inhibited the de novo lipogenesis of cancer cells through inducing activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and downregulated the expression of key enzymes (e.g. acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], fatty acid synthase [FASN]) involved in lipogenesis. Moreover, the in vivo experiment showed that GA reduced the expression of the key enzymes involved in lipogenesis and restrained the tumor growth. Taken together, our results suggest that GA may serve as a new candidate against tumor growth of pancreatic cancer partially through targeting pathway driving lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ligang Nan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xiongwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Zhao Z, Lu J, Han L, Wang X, Man Q, Liu S. Prognostic significance of two lipid metabolism enzymes, HADHA and ACAT2, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8121-30. [PMID: 26715271 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in adults, but there is still no acknowledged biomarker for its prognostic evaluation. Our previous proteomic data had demonstrated the dysregulation of some lipid metabolism enzymes in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). In the present study, we elucidated the expression of two lipid metabolism enzymes, hydroxyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, alpha subunit (HADHA) and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), using Western blotting analysis, then assessed the prognostic potential of HADHA and ACAT2 using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a tissue microarray of 145 ccRCC tissues. HADHA and ACAT2 were downregulated in ccRCC (P < 0.05); further IHC analysis revealed that HADHA expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, stage, size, metastasis, and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.049, P < 0.001, respectively) and ACAT2 expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, size, and cancer-specific survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a strong correlation was found between HADHA and ACAT2 expression (R = 0.655, P < 0.001). Further univariate survival analysis demonstrated that high stage, big tumor size, metastasis, and HADHA and ACAT2 down-expression were associated with poorer prognosis on cancer-specific survival (P = 0.007, P = 0.005, P = 0.006, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively), and multivariate analysis revealed that HADHA, stage, and metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival in patients with ccRCC (P = 0.018, P = 0.046, P = 0.001, respectively). Collectively, these findings indicated that HADHA could serve as a promising prognostic marker in ccRCC, which indicated lipid metabolism abnormality might be involved in ccRCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuohui Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 16766, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No. 324, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No. 324, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 16766, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No. 324, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Quanzhan Man
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No. 324, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No. 324, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals key genes involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:379-88. [PMID: 27240826 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. Up till now, the patient's prognosis remains poor which, among others, is due to the paucity of reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. In the past, candidate diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets have been delineated from genes that were found to be differentially expressed in normal versus tumour samples. Recently, new systems biology approaches have been developed to analyse gene expression data, which may yield new biomarkers. As of yet, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) tool has not been applied to PDAC microarray-based gene expression data. METHODS PDAC microarray-based gene expression datasets, listed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, were analysed. After pre-processing of the data, we built two final datasets, Normal and PDAC, encompassing 104 and 129 patient samples, respectively. Next, we constructed a weighted gene co-expression network and identified modules of co-expressed genes distinguishing normal from disease conditions. Functional annotations of the genes in these modules were carried out to highlight PDAC-associated molecular pathways and common regulatory mechanisms. Finally, overall survival analyses were carried out to assess the suitability of the genes identified as prognostic biomarkers. RESULTS Using WGCNA, we identified several key genes that may play important roles in PDAC. These genes are mainly related to either endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion or membrane functions, exhibit transferase or hydrolase activities and are involved in biological processes such as lipid metabolism or transmembrane transport. As a validation of the applied method, we found that some of the identified key genes (CEACAM1, MCU, VDAC1, CYCS, C15ORF52, TMEM51, LARP1 and ERLIN2) have previously been reported by others as potential PDAC biomarkers. Using overall survival analyses, we found that several of the newly identified genes may serve as biomarkers to stratify PDAC patients into low- and high-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Using this new systems biology approach, we identified several genes that appear to be critical to PDAC development. As such, they may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets with clinical utility.
Collapse
|
128
|
Kosmidis C, Sapalidis K, Kotidis E, Mixalopoulos N, Zarogoulidis P, Tsavlis D, Baka S, Man YG, Kanellos J. Pancreatic cancer from bench to bedside: molecular pathways and treatment options. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:165. [PMID: 27275478 PMCID: PMC4876273 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last forty years the pancreatic cancer treatment has made advances, however; still novel drugs are needed. It is known that the five year survival rate remains around 5%. The best treatment option still remains surgery, if patients are diagnosed early. In the last decade the biology of pancreatic cancer has been vastly explored and novel agents such as; tyrosine kinase agents, or vaccines have been added as a treatment perspective. The big challenge is now to translate this knowledge in better outcomes for patients. In this current review we will present information from pancreatic cancer diagnosis to molecular pathways and treatment options; current and future.
Collapse
|
129
|
Kamada Y, Ebisutani Y, Kida S, Mizutani K, Akita M, Yamamoto A, Fujii H, Sobajima T, Terao N, Takamatsu S, Yoshida Y, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. Ectopic expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates hepatic triglyceride synthesis. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:E118-29. [PMID: 26041473 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Glycosylation changes induce various types of biological phenomena in human diseases. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer biology. Recently, many researchers have challenged studies of lipid metabolism in cancer. To elucidate the relationships between cancer and lipid metabolism more precisely, we investigated the effects of GnT-V on lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on hepatic triglyceride production. METHODS We compared lipid metabolism in GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice with that of wild-type (WT) mice fed with normal chow or a choline-deficient amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet in vivo. HepG2 cells and GnT-V transfectants of Hep3B cells were used in an in vitro study. RESULTS Serum triglyceride levels and hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion in Tg mice were significantly elevated compared with that of WT mice. Hepatic lipogenic genes (Lxrα, Srebp1, Fas and Acc) and VLDL secretion-related gene (Mttp1) were significantly higher in Tg mice. Expression of these genes was also significantly higher in GnT-V transfectants than in mock cells. Knockdown of GnT-V decreased, while both epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation increased LXRα gene expression in HepG2 cells. Finally, we found that the blockade of VLDL secretion by CDAA diet induced massive hepatic steatosis in Tg mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that enhancement of hepatic GnT-V activity accelerates triglyceride synthesis and VLDL secretion. Glycosylation modification by GnT-V regulation could be a novel target for a therapeutic approach to lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ebisutani
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Sachiho Kida
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Kayo Mizutani
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Maaya Akita
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujii
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sobajima
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoko Terao
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Duan J, Sun L, Huang H, Wu Z, Wang L, Liao W. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase predicts a poor prognosis for human gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3027-35. [PMID: 26936091 PMCID: PMC4805063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a lipogenic multi-enzyme complex, is reported to be overexpressed in various types of of tumor tissues and serves an important role in tumor development and progression. However, the expression of FASN and its possible role in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be defined. In the present study, FASN expression in a group sample of 167 GC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and its correlation with clinicopathological features was analyzed. By clinical analysis, it was identified that FASN overexpression was positively correlated with the overall survival [P=0.008; hazard ratio (HR), 4.412; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.463‑13.305] and recurrence rate (P=0.014; HR, 1.705; 95% CI, 1.116‑2.606) in patients with GC. In addition, expression of the FASN protein in GC tissues was correlated with age (P=0.032), clinical stage (P<0.001), gastric wall invasion (P=0.014), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and distant metastasis (P<0.001), however not with gender (P>0.05). In addition, FASN was observed to be overexpressed in GC tissues at an mRNA and protein level, compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). Taken together, it was suggested that FASN was closely associated with GC metastasis and survival, which further provided evidence that FASN may be a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Duan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
The potential relevance of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncoscience 2016; 3:31-41. [PMID: 26973858 PMCID: PMC4751914 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive, genetically heterogenerous disease and the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults. To gain further insights into the etiology of DLBCL and to discover potential disease-related factors, we performed a serum lipid analysis on a subset of individuals from a population-based NHL case-control study. An untargeted mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics platform was used to analyze serum samples from 100 DLBCL patients and 100 healthy matched controls. Significantly elevated levels of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were detected in the serum of DLBCL patients (121%, P < 0.05). In the male controls, elevated 2-AG levels were observed in those who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 - < 30 kg/m2; 108%, P < 0.01) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; 118%, P < 0.001) compared to those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2. DLBCL cell lines treated with exogenous 2-AG across a range of concentrations, exhibited heterogenous responses: proliferation rates were markedly higher in 4 cell lines by 22%-68% (P < 0.001) and lower in 8 by 20%-75% (P < 0.001). The combined findings of elevated 2-AG levels in DLBCL patients and the proliferative effects of 2-AG on a subset of DLBCL cell lines suggests that 2-AG may play a potential role in the pathogenesis or progression of a subset of DLBCLs.
Collapse
|
132
|
Inzhevatkin EV, Savchenko AA. The nonspecific metabolic reaction of cells to extreme exposures. BIOL BULL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359016010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
133
|
Pancreatic cancer: Current research and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:123-32. [PMID: 26794394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the survival rate advancements in different types of cancer in the last 40 years, the perspective for pancreatic cancer patients has seen no substantial changes. Indeed, the five year survival rate remains around 5%. Nevertheless, in the last decade we have witnessed an increased interest in pancreatic cancer biology and this has produced a substantial increment in our knowledge on pancreatic cancer progression. The big challenge is now to translate this knowledge in better outcomes for patients. The aim of this review is to describe the latest discoveries and advancements in pancreatic cancer research and to discuss future directions.
Collapse
|
134
|
Li Z, Zhang H. Reprogramming of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism for cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:377-92. [PMID: 26499846 PMCID: PMC11108301 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely observed during cancer development to confer cancer cells the ability to survive and proliferate, even under the stressed, such as nutrient-limiting, conditions. It is famously known that cancer cells favor the "Warburg effect", i.e., the enhanced glycolysis or aerobic glycolysis, even when the ambient oxygen supply is sufficient. In addition, deregulated anabolism/catabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, especially glutamine, serine and glycine, have been identified to function as metabolic regulators in supporting cancer cell growth. Furthermore, extensive crosstalks are being revealed between the deregulated metabolic network and cancer cell signaling. These exciting advancements have inspired new strategies for treating various malignancies by targeting cancer metabolism. Here we review recent findings related to the regulation of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, their crosstalk, and relevant cancer therapy strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, Imamura-Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Thiboutot DM, Helm KF, Neves RI, Abraham T. Macrophage-tumor cell fusions from peripheral blood of melanoma patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134320. [PMID: 26267609 PMCID: PMC4534457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the morbidity and mortality from cancer are largely attributable to its metastatic dissemination, the integral features of the cascade are not well understood. The widely accepted hypothesis is that the primary tumor microenvironment induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, facilitating their escape into the bloodstream, possibly accompanied by cancer stem cells. An alternative theory for metastasis involves fusion of macrophages with tumor cells (MTFs). Here we culture and characterize apparent MTFs from blood of melanoma patients. Methods We isolated enriched CTC populations from peripheral blood samples from melanoma patients, and cultured them. We interrogated these cultured cells for characteristic BRAF mutations, and used confocal microscopy for immunophenotyping, motility, DNA content and chromatin texture analyses, and then conducted xenograft studies using nude mice. Findings Morphologically, the cultured MTFs were generally large with many pseudopod extensions and lamellipodia. Ultrastructurally, the cultured MTFs appeared to be macrophages. They were rich in mitochondria and lysosomes, as well as apparent melanosomes. The cultured MTF populations were all heterogeneous with regard to DNA content, containing aneuploid and/or high-ploidy cells, and they typically showed large sheets (and/or clumps) of cytoplasmic chromatin. This cytoplasmic DNA was found within heterogeneously-sized autophagic vacuoles, which prominently contained chromatin and micronuclei. Cultured MTFs uniformly expressed pan-macrophage markers (CD14, CD68) and macrophage markers indicative of M2 polarization (CD163, CD204, CD206). They also expressed melanocyte-specific markers (ALCAM, MLANA), epithelial biomarkers (KRT, EpCAM), as well as the pro-carcinogenic cytokine MIF along with functionally related stem cell markers (CXCR4, CD44). MTF cultures from individual patients (5 of 8) contained melanoma-specific BRAF activating mutations. Chromatin texture analysis of deconvoluted images showed condensed DNA (DAPI-intense) regions similar to focal regions described in stem cell fusions. MTFs were readily apparent in vivo in all human melanomas examined, often exhibiting even higher DNA content than the cultured MTFs. When cultured MTFs were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice, they disseminated and produced metastatic lesions at distant sites. Conclusions and Hypothesis Apparent MTFs are present in peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous melanomas, and they possess the ability to form metastatic lesions when transplanted into mice. We hypothesize that these MTFs arise at the periphery of primary tumors in vivo, that they readily enter the bloodstream and invade distant tissues, secreting cytokines (such as MIF) to prepare “niches” for colonization by metastasis initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura-Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and the Institute for Personalized Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Thiboutot
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Health Science Research, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Klaus F. Helm
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rogerio I. Neves
- Department of Surgery and the Melanoma Center, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Science and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Cohen R, Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Faivre S, de Gramont A, Raymond E. Targeting cancer cell metabolism in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:16832-47. [PMID: 26164081 PMCID: PMC4627277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2030. Current therapeutic options are limited, warranting an urgent need to explore innovative treatment strategies. Due to specific microenvironment constraints including an extensive desmoplastic stroma reaction, PDAC faces major metabolic challenges, principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Their connection with oncogenic alterations such as KRAS mutations has brought metabolic reprogramming to the forefront of PDAC therapeutic research. The Warburg effect, glutamine addiction, and autophagy stand as the most important adaptive metabolic mechanisms of cancer cells themselves, however metabolic reprogramming is also an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, having a major impact on epigenetic reprogramming and tumor cell interactions with its complex stroma. We present a comprehensive overview of the main metabolic adaptations contributing to PDAC development and progression. A review of current and future therapies targeting this range of metabolic pathways is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cohen
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faivre
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armand de Gramont
- New Drug Evaluation Laboratory, Centre of Experimental Therapeutics and Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Loss of fatty acid synthase suppresses the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells by down-regulating energy metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:59-72. [PMID: 26109148 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered cellular metabolism has received increased attention as an important hallmark of cancer. Activation of FASN has been found to be involved in many human tumors. Despite extensive research in FASN function on cancer, the underlying mechanism is not entirely understood yet. METHODS Cerulenin was used to suppress the FASN expression in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29 and LoVo). Expression of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, FASN, and AZGP1 was measured using western blotting and qPCR. ATP and lactic acid were assessed to investigate the activation of energy metabolism. Cell cytotoxicity assay was studied by cell counting kit-8 assay. The capacity of cell proliferation and migration was investigated by clonogenic and invasion assay. Analysis of apoptosis and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that the expression of FASN was down-regulated, while the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and AZGP1 was down-regulated in HT29 and LoVo cells treated with FASN inhibitor. Proliferation was reduced in FASN inhibitor-treated cells, which is consistent with an increased apoptosis rate. Furthermore, the migration of FASN inhibitor-treated cells was decreased and the content of ATP and lactic acid was also dropped. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that inhibited FASN suppresses the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells by down-regulating energy metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway. The results have paved the way to understand the relations of FASN, mTOR signaling pathway, and energy metabolism in colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
|
138
|
Xiang J, Liu L, Wang W, Xu H, Wu C, Xu J, Liu C, Long J, Ni Q, Yu X. Metabolic tumor burden: A new promising way to reach precise personalized therapy in PDAC. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
139
|
Upur H, Chen Y, Kamilijiang M, Deng W, Sulaiman X, Aizezi R, Wu X, Tulake W, Abudula A. Identification of plasma protein markers common to patients with malignant tumour and Abnormal Savda in Uighur medicine: a prospective clinical study. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:9. [PMID: 25652121 PMCID: PMC4321703 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Uighur medicine shares an origin with Greco-Arab medicine. It describes the health of a human body as the dynamic homeostasis of four normal Hilits (humours), known as Kan, Phlegm, Safra, and Savda. An abnormal change in one Hilit may cause imbalance among the Hilits, leading to the development of a syndrome. Abnormal Savda is a major syndrome of complex diseases that are associated with common biological changes during disease development. Here, we studied the protein expression profile common to tumour patients with Abnormal Savda to elucidate the biological basis of this syndrome and identify potential biomarkers associated with Abnormal Savda. Methods Patients with malignant tumours were classified by the diagnosis of Uighur medicine into two groups: Abnormal Savda type tumour (ASt) and non-Abnormal Savda type tumour (nASt), which includes other syndromes. The profile of proteins that were differentially expressed in ASt compared with nASt and normal controls (NC) was analysed by iTRAQ proteomics and evaluated by bioinformatics using MetaCore™ software and an online database. The expression of candidate proteins was verified in all plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We identified 31 plasma proteins that were differentially expressed in ASt compared with nASt, of which only 10 showed quantitatively different expression between ASt and NC. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most of these proteins are known biomarkers for neoplasms of the stomach, breast, and lung. ELISA detection showed significant upregulation of plasma SAA1 and SPP24 and downregulation of PIGR and FASN in ASt compared with nASt and NC (p < 0.05). Conclusions Abnormal Savda may be causally associated with changes in the whole regulation network of protein expression during carcinogenesis. The expression of potential biomarkers might be used to distinguish Abnormal Savda from other syndromes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0526-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
140
|
Sun Y, He W, Luo M, Zhou Y, Chang G, Ren W, Wu K, Li X, Shen J, Zhao X, Hu Y. SREBP1 regulates tumorigenesis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer through targeting lipid metabolism. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4133-41. [PMID: 25589463 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a known transcription factor of lipogenic genes, which plays important roles in regulating de novo lipogenesis. Accumulating evidences indicate SREBP1 is involved in tumorigenesis, yet its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Here, we explored the expression characteristic and function of SREBP1 in pancreatic cancer. Analysis of 60 patients with pancreatic ducat cancer showed that SREBP1 level was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer than that in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SREBP1 predicted poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that SREBP1 was an independent factor affecting overall survival. SREBP1 silencing resulted in proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)) and de novo lipogenesis were promoted by SREBP1. Inhibition of lipogenic genes through specific inhibitors ablated SREBP1-mediated growth regulation. Furthermore, depletion of SREBP1 could suppress lipid metabolism and tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that SREBP1 had important role in tumor progression and appears to be a novel prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|