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Inhibition of PI3K Isoform p110γ Increases Both Anti-Tumor and Immunosuppressive Responses to Aggressive Murine Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Low Immunogenicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050953. [PMID: 33668795 PMCID: PMC7956466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poorly immunogenic head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC) remain difficult to treat due to poor response rates to immunotherapy. Inhibition of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110γ, which is expressed in leukocytes and some HNSCCs, has shown promise in treating HNSCC; with clinical trials underway to gauge its effectiveness. However, the effect of PI3K p110γ inhibition on the host immune system in poorly immunogenic HNSCC has not been fully described. In this study, our group characterized the immune response to poorly immunogenic HNSCC in the absence of PI3K p110γ using an orthotopic mouse model with the MOC2 cell line. We found that mice lacking p110γ did not demonstrate significantly different tumor growth or metastasis, though we observed substantial elevation in both anti-tumor and immunosuppressive activity at the primary tumor site. Our results indicate that PI3K p110γ inhibition may potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity against poorly immunogenic HNSCC if administered with checkpoint inhibitors. Abstract HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer, with around 650,000 new cases yearly. Gain of function mutations in the PI3K pathway are common in HNSCC, and inhibition of the PI3K p110γ subunit has shown promise in HNSCC treatment. However, given that PI3K p110γ plays an important role in myeloid and lymphoid immune cell function, it is essential to understand how PI3K p110γ inhibition affects the anti-tumor immune response independent of tumor cells. To elucidate PI3K p110γ function in HNSCC, we employed an orthotopic mouse model using poorly immunogenic and aggressive cell line MOC2 on Pik3cg−/− mice. We observed that wild-type and Pik3cg−/− mice displayed similar rates of HNSCC tumor growth and metastasis after 20 days following tumor injection. T-cell infiltration and intrinsic T-cell responses to MOC2 oral tumors were comparable between wild-type and Pik3cg−/− mice. Interestingly, the immune response of tumor-bearing Pik3cg−/− mice was marked by increased anti-tumor cytotoxic molecules (IFN-γ, IL-17)) by T-cells and immune checkpoint marker (PD-L1, PD-1) expression by myeloid cells and T-cells compared to tumor-bearing wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K p110γ modulates tumor-associated immune cells, which likely potentiates HNSCC treatment when used in combination with selective checkpoint inhibitors.
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Spinosa PC, Kinnunen PC, Humphries BA, Luker GD, Luker KE, Linderman JJ. Pre-existing Cell States Control Heterogeneity of Both EGFR and CXCR4 Signaling. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:49-64. [PMID: 33643466 PMCID: PMC7878609 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CXCR4 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represent two major families of receptors, G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases, with central functions in cancer. While utilizing different upstream signaling molecules, both CXCR4 and EGFR activate kinases ERK and Akt, although single-cell activation of these kinases is markedly heterogeneous. One hypothesis regarding the origin of signaling heterogeneity proposes that intercellular variations arise from differences in pre-existing intracellular states set by extrinsic noise. While pre-existing cell states vary among cells, each pre-existing state defines deterministic signaling outputs to downstream effectors. Understanding causes of signaling heterogeneity will inform treatment of cancers with drugs targeting drivers of oncogenic signaling. METHODS We built a single-cell computational model to predict Akt and ERK responses to CXCR4- and EGFR-mediated stimulation. We investigated signaling heterogeneity through these receptors and tested model predictions using quantitative, live-cell time-lapse imaging. RESULTS We show that the pre-existing cell state predicts single-cell signaling through both CXCR4 and EGFR. Computational modeling reveals that the same set of pre-existing cell states explains signaling heterogeneity through both EGFR and CXCR4 at multiple doses of ligands and in two different breast cancer cell lines. The model also predicts how phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) targeted therapies potentiate ERK signaling in certain breast cancer cells and that low level, combined inhibition of MEK and PI3K ablates potentiated ERK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that a conserved motif exists for EGFR and CXCR4 signaling and suggest potential clinical utility of the computational model to optimize therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip C. Spinosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800 USA
| | - Patrick C. Kinnunen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800 USA
| | - Brock A. Humphries
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA 48109
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA 48109
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A526 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Jennifer J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA 48109
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103
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Theodossiou SK, Murray JB, Hold LA, Courtright JM, Carper AM, Schiele NR. Akt signaling is activated by TGFβ2 and impacts tenogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:88. [PMID: 33499914 PMCID: PMC7836508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineered and regenerative approaches for treating tendon injuries are challenged by the limited information on the cellular signaling pathways driving tenogenic differentiation of stem cells. Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β family, particularly TGFβ2, play a role in tenogenesis, which may proceed via Smad-mediated signaling. However, recent evidence suggests some aspects of tenogenesis may be independent of Smad signaling, and other pathways potentially involved in tenogenesis are understudied. Here, we examined the role of Akt/mTORC1/P70S6K signaling in early TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and evaluated TGFβ2-induced tenogenic differentiation when Smad3 is inhibited. Methods Mouse MSCs were treated with TGFβ2 to induce tenogenesis, and Akt or Smad3 signaling was chemically inhibited using the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, or the Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3. Effects of TGFβ2 alone and in combination with these inhibitors on the activation of Akt signaling and its downstream targets mTOR and P70S6K were quantified using western blot analysis, and cell morphology was assessed using confocal microscopy. Levels of the tendon marker protein, tenomodulin, were also assessed. Results TGFβ2 alone activated Akt signaling during early tenogenic induction. Chemically inhibiting Akt prevented increases in tenomodulin and attenuated tenogenic morphology of the MSCs in response to TGFβ2. Chemically inhibiting Smad3 did not prevent tenogenesis, but appeared to accelerate it. MSCs treated with both TGFβ2 and SIS3 produced significantly higher levels of tenomodulin at 7 days and morphology appeared tenogenic, with localized cell alignment and elongation. Finally, inhibiting Smad3 did not appear to impact Akt signaling, suggesting that Akt may allow TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis to proceed during disruption of Smad3 signaling. Conclusions These findings show that Akt signaling plays a role in TGFβ2-induced tenogenesis and that tenogenesis of MSCs can be initiated by TGFβ2 during disruption of Smad3 signaling. These findings provide new insights into the signaling pathways that regulate tenogenic induction in stem cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02167-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K Theodossiou
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA
| | - Jett B Murray
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA
| | - LeeAnn A Hold
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA
| | - Jeff M Courtright
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA
| | - Anne M Carper
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA
| | - Nathan R Schiele
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, ID, 83844, Moscow, USA.
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104
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MicroRNA regulation of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33413418 PMCID: PMC7792222 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and accounts for 30% of all female malignancies worldwide. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that exhibit multiple characteristics including differentiation capacity, self-renewal and therapeutic resistance. Recently, BCSCs have attracted attention due to their modulation of breast tumor behaviors and drug resistance. miRNAs are small noncoding mRNAs involved in virtually all biological processes, including stem cell development, maintenance and differentiation. In breast cancer, miRNAs appear to be multi-faceted since they can act as either suppressors or oncogenes to regulate breast cancer progression. This review summarizes the critical roles of miRNAs in regulating multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, BMI-1 and STAT3 that are important for the BCSC maintenance.
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105
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Deciphering the Importance of Glycosphingolipids on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010062. [PMID: 33418847 PMCID: PMC7824851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every living cell is covered with a dense and complex layer of glycans on the cell surface, which have important functions in the interaction between cells and their environment. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are glycans linked to lipid molecules that together with sphingolipids, sterols, and proteins form plasma membrane lipid rafts that contribute to membrane integrity and provide specific recognition sites. GSLs are subdivided into three major series (globo-, ganglio-, and neolacto-series) and are synthesized in a non-template driven process by enzymes localized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Altered glycosylation of lipids are known to be involved in tumor development and metastasis. Metastasis is frequently linked with reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in tumor progression, and the formation of new distant metastatic sites (mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition or MET). On a single cell basis, cancer cells lose their epithelial features to gain mesenchymal characteristics via mechanisms influenced by the composition of the GSLs on the cell surface. Here, we summarize the literature on GSLs in the context of reversible and cancer-associated EMT and discuss how the modification of GSLs at the cell surface may promote this process.
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Naghavi Alhosseini M, Mazandarani M, Enayati A, Saiedi M, Davoodi H. Anticancer Activity of Ethnopharmacological Plants of Golestan Province/Iran against AGS, HT-29 and KYSE-30 Cell Lines through Promoting the Apoptosis and Immunomodulatory Effects. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:636-646. [PMID: 34904014 PMCID: PMC8653648 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114451.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants from Golestan province, as a promising source of cancer therapy against gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, were investigated in this study. The ethanolic root/aerial part extracts of 9 medicinal plants were screened for their cytotoxicity against normal mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) and three human cancer cell lines including gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and esophagus adenocarcinoma (KYSE-30) by performing MTT assay to determine the IC50 of the extracts. The in-vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of extracts was evaluated. Flow cytometry and Real-Time PCR were used for apoptosis assay and evaluation of expression of some genes involved in cell signaling; TLR-4, AKT, ERK1/2, and NFκB. Out of the 9 plant extracts screened, Arctiumlappa root (ALR), showed the most potent cytotoxicity against AGS, KYSE-30, and HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 10, 200, and 2030 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, ALR exerts high TPC (215.8 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g), TFC (69.03 ± 0.7 mg QUE/g) and high radical scavenging activity with IC50 (1250 ± 0.1 µg/mL) in DPPH method. Also, ALR stimulates TLR-4 signaling, increased apoptosis, and decreased cancer cell attachment to the surface compared to the untreated cells. This plant, with a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells as well as increased apoptosis and its effect on molecules involved in TLR4 signaling as the immunomodulatory effect can be a suitable candidate for in-vivo studies in the future for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Naghavi Alhosseini
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- M. N. A. and A. E. contributed equally to this work.
| | | | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- M. N. A. and A. E. contributed equally to this work.
| | - Mohsen Saiedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Homa Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Jiang X, Xu Y, Ren H, Jiang J, Wudu M, Wang Q, Guan J, Su H, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Guo Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Liu Z, Wang H, Cheng Y, Sun L, Qiu X. KLHL18 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting PI3K/PD-L1 axis activity. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:139. [PMID: 33292627 PMCID: PMC7694932 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of Kelch-like protein 18 (KLHL18) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lower than that in normal lung tissue according to the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. KLHL18 is a BTB domain protein and binds cullin 3 (CUL3). However, whether this complex participates in ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation in NSCLC is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of KLHL18 in human NSCLC cells. Results We found that KLHL18 is downregulated in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis. Further, its expression was significantly associated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size. In vitro analysis of NSCLC cells showed that overexpressing KLHL18 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We found that the tumor-inhibitory effect of the KLHL18 protein was achieved by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α and inhibiting the expression of PD-L1 protein, ultimately preventing tumor cell immune escape. Conclusions Our results identified the tumor-suppressive mechanism of KLHL18 and suggested that it is closely related to NSCLC occurrence and development. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism may provide new targets for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiu Ren
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Muli Wudu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiongzi Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingqian Guan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Su
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanzi Guo
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujiao Hu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chang'an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 120 Wenyuan Middle Road, Guodu Street, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongang Liu
- Shengjing Hospital Affiliated With China Medical University, 19F, Building No. 1B, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Huanxi Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Rojas-Pirela M, Andrade-Alviárez D, Rojas V, Kemmerling U, Cáceres AJ, Michels PA, Concepción JL, Quiñones W. Phosphoglycerate kinase: structural aspects and functions, with special emphasis on the enzyme from Kinetoplastea. Open Biol 2020; 10:200302. [PMID: 33234025 PMCID: PMC7729029 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a glycolytic enzyme that is well conserved among the three domains of life. PGK is usually a monomeric enzyme of about 45 kDa that catalyses one of the two ATP-producing reactions in the glycolytic pathway, through the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPGA) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). It also participates in gluconeogenesis, catalysing the opposite reaction to produce 1,3BPGA and ADP. Like most other glycolytic enzymes, PGK has also been catalogued as a moonlighting protein, due to its involvement in different functions not associated with energy metabolism, which include pathogenesis, interaction with nucleic acids, tumorigenesis progression, cell death and viral replication. In this review, we have highlighted the overall aspects of this enzyme, such as its structure, reaction kinetics, activity regulation and possible moonlighting functions in different protistan organisms, especially both free-living and parasitic Kinetoplastea. Our analysis of the genomes of different kinetoplastids revealed the presence of open-reading frames (ORFs) for multiple PGK isoforms in several species. Some of these ORFs code for unusually large PGKs. The products appear to contain additional structural domains fused to the PGK domain. A striking aspect is that some of these PGK isoforms are predicted to be catalytically inactive enzymes or ‘dead’ enzymes. The roles of PGKs in kinetoplastid parasites are analysed, and the apparent significance of the PGK gene duplication that gave rise to the different isoforms and their expression in Trypanosoma cruzi is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Diego Andrade-Alviárez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Verónica Rojas
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Santigo de Chile
| | - Ana J Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Paul A Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Juan Luis Concepción
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Wilfredo Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
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Chen YH, Yang SF, Yang CK, Tsai HD, Chen TH, Chou MC, Hsiao YH. Metformin induces apoptosis and inhibits migration by activating the AMPK/p53 axis and suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling in human cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:88. [PMID: 33236135 PMCID: PMC7716426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide, and it is expected to result in 460,000 deaths per year by 2040. Moreover, patients with cervical cancer often display drug resistance and severe side effects; therefore, the development of effective novel chemotherapeutic agents is important. In the present study, the effects of metformin, a first-line therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, were evaluated in cervical cancer. Compared with the control group, metformin significantly inhibited cell viability and migration, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki and HeLa). Following metformin treatment, the protein expression levels of p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), which promotes cell death, and the tumor suppressor protein p-p53 were remarkably upregulated in CaSki and C33A cells compared with the control group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, metformin significantly suppressed the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in CaSki, C33A and HeLa cells. Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) significantly reversed the effects of metformin on CaSki, C33A and HeLa cell viability, and AMPK and p53 phosphorylation. The results of the present study suggested that metformin induced AMPK-mediated apoptosis, thus metformin may serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chueh-Ko Yang
- Women's Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Horng-Der Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tze-Ho Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Methionine Supplementation Affects Metabolism and Reduces Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112491. [PMID: 33207837 PMCID: PMC7696226 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality. Methionine is an essential amino acid required for normal development and cell growth, is mainly metabolized in the liver, and its role as an anti-cancer supplement is still controversial. Here, we evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation in liver cancer cells. An integrative proteomic and metabolomic analysis indicates a rewiring of the central carbon metabolism, with an upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the presence of high methionine and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Methionine supplementation also reduces growth rate in liver cancer cells and induces the activation of both the AMPK and mTOR pathways. Interestingly, in high methionine concentration, inhibition of AMPK strongly impairs cell growth, cell migration, and colony formation, indicating the main role of AMPK in the control of liver cancer phenotypes. Therefore, regulation of methionine in the diet combined with AMPK inhibition could reduce liver cancer progression.
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111
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Abdel-Megeed RM, Abd El-Alim SH, Arafa AF, Matloub AA, Farrag AERH, Darwish AB, Abdel- Hamid AHZ, Kadry MO. Crosslink among phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A signaling pathways post liposomal galactomannan hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1531-1541. [PMID: 33251120 PMCID: PMC7683274 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomal drug-delivery systems (LDDs) provide a promising opportunity to precisely target organs, improve drug bioavailability and reduce systemic toxicity. On the other hand, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways control various intracellular functions including apoptosis, invasion and cell growth. Hyper activation of PI3K and Akt is detected in some types of cancer that posses defect in PTEN. Tracking the crosstalk between PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT 5A signaling pathways, in cancer could result in identifying new therapeutic agents. The current study, identified an over view on PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A networks, in addition to their biological roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study galactomannan was extracted from Caesalpinia gilliesii seeds then loaded in liposomes. Liposomes were prepared employing phosphatidyl choline and different concentrations of cholesterol. HCC was then induced in Wistar albino rats followed by liposomal galactomannan (700 ± 100 nm) treatment. Liver enzymes as well as antioxidants were assessed and PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A gene expression were investigated. The prepared vesicles revealed entrapment efficiencies ranging from 23.55 to 69.17%, and negative zeta potential values. The optimum formulation revealed spherical morphology as well as diffusion controlled in vitro release pattern. Liposomal galactomannan elucidated a significant reduction in liver enzymes and MDA as well as PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT 5A gene expression. A significant elevation in GST and GSH were deduced. In conclusion, Liposomal galactomannan revealed a promising candidate for HCC therapy.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- ALP, alkaline phasphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Akt, serine/threonine kinase
- Bad, Bcl-2-associated death promoter
- C. gilliesii, Caesalpinia gilliesii
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- DDs, drug-delivery systems
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- FOXO1, fork-head box protein O1
- GM, galactomannan
- GSH, glutathione
- GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LDDs, liposomal drug-delivery systems
- LPs, liposomes
- Liposomal galactomannan
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3K/Akt
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- STAT 5A
- STAT-5A, signal transducer and activator of transcription-5A
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- VS, vesicle size
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M. Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Sameh H. Abd El-Alim
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza F. Arafa
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza A. Matloub
- Pharmacognosy D Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa B. Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Mai O. Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Bu H, Tan S, Yuan B, Huang X, Jiang J, Wu Y, Jiang J, Li R. Therapeutic potential of IBP as an autophagy inducer for treating lung cancer via blocking PAK1/Akt/mTOR signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:82-93. [PMID: 33575473 PMCID: PMC7851497 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent and fatal malignancy in humans worldwide, yet novel successful drugs for control of this disease are still lacking. Ipomoea batatas polysaccharides (IBPs) have been implicated in inhibiting diverse cancer types, but their functions in mitigating lung cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we identify a role of IBP in inhibiting lung cancer proliferation. We found that IBP significantly impedes the proliferation of lung cancer cells by inducing cytostatic macroautophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IBP specifically promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) and blocks its downstream Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to increased autophagic flux. In lung cancer xenografts in mice, IBP-induced cytostatic autophagy suppresses tumor development. Through site-directed mutational analysis, the underlying signaling augments ubiquitination via PAK1-ubiquitin interaction. Collectively, this work unravels the molecular mechanism underpinning IBP-induced cytostatic autophagy in lung cancer and characterizes IBP as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Shirui Tan
- Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Jiebang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Yejiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
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113
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Li J, Zheng Y, Li X, Dong X, Chen W, Guan Z, Zhang C. UCHL3 promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by regulating SOX12 via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6445-6454. [PMID: 33194042 PMCID: PMC7653583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dysregulation of deubiquitinating enzymes is important in the development of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise function and potential mode of action of the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL3 in CRC progression are poorly elucidated. METHODS The expression levels of UCHL3 in patient samples were analyzed by western blotting, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry and its association with overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Colony formation, CCK-8 and Transwell were used to examine the effects of UCHL3 knockdown or over-expression on CRC cells growth, invasion and migration. The functional effects of UCHL3 and SOX12 on tumor growth were further examined using xenograft tumor mouse models in vivo. RESULTS Here, we found high expression of UCHL3 in CRC tissues which showed an association with the development of tumor and CRC patient survival. Studies conducted in vitro showed that UCHL3 overexpression facilitates proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) in cells of CRC, and a knockdown of UCHL3 had a reverse effect. Likewise, experiments conducted in vivo also showed enhanced tumor growth due to UCHL3 overexpression. In addition, UCHL3 was found regulates SOX12 expression in CRC cells. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is required for UCHL3-mediated SOX12 expression. Mechanically, UCHL3 regulates SOX12 via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and facilitated tumor progression. CONCLUSION UCHL3 plays an oncogenic role through the AKT/mTOR/SOX12 axis and can be considered as a potential target for therapy and CRC prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangning Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of ShenyangShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood CenterShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- Microbiological Laboratory Center, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhongying Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Weiyan Medical Cosmetology ClinicBeijing, P. R. China
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Yang H, Zhu J, Wang G, Liu H, Zhou Y, Qian J. STK35 Is Ubiquitinated by NEDD4L and Promotes Glycolysis and Inhibits Apoptosis Through Regulating the AKT Signaling Pathway, Influencing Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582695. [PMID: 33117809 PMCID: PMC7578231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is often sporadic, but its etiology is multifactorial. Chemoresistance of CRC leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis in patients. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) can activate metabolic reprogramming toward cellular glycolysis. Serine/threonine kinase 35 (STK35) regulates the cell cycle and is frequently associated with cancer progression, whereas little is known about its specific roles in CRC. In the current study, bioinformatics analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between STK35 and CRC prognosis. STK35 knockdown and overexpressing CRC cells were established to examine its functions in CRC. Fluorouracil (5-FU) was utilized to evaluate the effect of STK35 on CRC chemoresistance. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation was performed to explore the ubiquitination of STK35. STK35 was highly expressed in CRC, and its protein expression was negatively correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Furthermore, STK35 overexpression could promote glycolysis, suppress apoptosis, upregulate p-AKT, and counteract the antitumor functions of 5-FU and neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-like (NEDD4L) in CRC cells. NEDD4L was associated with and could ubiquitinate STK35. STK35 could be a prognostic biomarker for CRC prognosis and has promotive effects on CRC cellular activities, partially through the AKT pathway. Moreover, STK35 also interferes with the chemosensitivity of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Vav1 Down-Modulates Akt2 Expression in Cells from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Nuclear Vav1 as a Potential Regulator of Akt Related Malignancy in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100379. [PMID: 32993067 PMCID: PMC7600902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive tumor malignancy worldwide, mainly due to uncontrolled metastasis. Among the numerous molecules deregulated in PDAC, different members of the Akt pathways are of great importance because they are involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We have recently demonstrated that Vav1, ectopically expressed in solid tumors, is capable of down-modulating expression and/or activation of specific Akt isoforms in breast cancer cells. By using pancreatic cell lines expressing different basal levels of Vav1, we demonstrated here that Vav1 down-regulates the expression of Akt2, known to correlate with tumor metastases and resistance to therapy. In particular, while the silencing of Vav1 is sufficient to induce Akt2, its up-modulation reduces Akt2 levels only when Vav1 accumulates inside the nucleus of PDAC cells. Moreover, in PDAC tissues, we revealed that high nuclear levels of Vav1 correlate with low Akt2 expression. Although we cannot demonstrate the mechanisms involved, our results provide new insights into the role of Vav1 in PDAC and, as targeting specific members of the Akt family is a promising therapeutic chance in solid tumors, they suggest that Vav1, by down-modulating Akt2, has potential as a molecular target in PDAC.
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117
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival by targeting Akt and mTOR. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110717. [PMID: 33152908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in North American men and is typically classified as either androgen receptor positive or negative depending on the expression of the androgen receptor (AR). AR positive prostate cancer can be treated with hormone therapy while AR negative prostate cancer is aggressive and does not respond to hormone therapy. It has been previously reported that rosemary extract (RE) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we found that treatment of the androgen-insensitive PC-3 prostate cancer cells with RE resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation, survival, migration, Akt, and mTOR signaling. In addition, treatment of the androgen-sensitive 22RV1 prostate cancer cells with RE resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation and survival while RE had no effect on normal prostate epithelial PNT1A cells. These findings suggest that RE has potent effects against prostate cancer and warrants further investigation.
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118
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Nunes HL, Tuttis K, Serpeloni JM, Nascimento JRD, da Rocha CQ, Silva VAO, Lengert AVH, Reis RM, de Syllos Cólus IM. Characterization of the invitro cytotoxic effects of brachydins isolated from Fridericia platyphylla in a prostate cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:547-558. [PMID: 32590922 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1784339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brachydins (Br) A, B, and C are flavonoids extracted from Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann roots (synonym Arrabidaea brachypoda), whose extract previously exhibited cytotoxic and antitumor activity. In vitro cell culture of human prostate tumor cell line (PC-3) was used to determine cell viability as evidenced by MTT, neutral red, and LDH release using nine concentrations (0.24 to 30.72 µM) of each brachydin. A triple-fluorescent staining assay assessed the mechanism resulting in cell death. Genomic instability and protein expression were evaluated using comet assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The pro-oxidant status was analyzed using the5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) probe. The IC50 values for brachydins BrA, BrB, and BrC were 23.41, 4.28, and 4.44 µM, respectively, and all compounds induced apoptosis and necrosis. BrB and BrC increased p21 levels indicating a possible G1 cell cycle arrest. BrA (6 µM) and BrB (3.84 µM) decreased phospho-AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase) expression, which also influenced cell cycle and proliferation. BrA, BrB, and BrC elevated cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), a protein related to DNA repair and induction of apoptotic processes. Therefore, this study determined the IC50 values of brachydins in the PC-3 cell line as well as the influence on cell proliferation and cell death processes, such as apoptosis and necrosis, indicating the proteins involved in these processes. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; BrA: Brachydin A; BrB: Brachydin B; BrC: Brachydin C; CGEN: Genetic Heritage Management Council; CID: Compound identification number; CM-H2DCFDA, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester; CO2: Carbon dioxide; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DTT: Dithiothreitol; DXR: Doxorubicin; ECL: Chemiluminescence; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; HRMS: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry; IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; MTT, 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; Na3VO4: Sodium Orthovanadate; NaOH: Sodium hydroxide; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PSMF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium; SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; STR: Short tandem repeat; TBS-T: Tris-buffered saline and Polysorbate 20; UPHLC: Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higor Lopes Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Katiuska Tuttis
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Claudia Quintino da Rocha
- Departamento De Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão , São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos , Barretos, São Paulo, Brasil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
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Cui F, Sequeira SB, Huang Z, Shang G, Cui Q, Yang X. Bromosulfophthalein suppresses inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:456-463. [PMID: 32787484 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1808985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular antioxidant, can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activated macrophages. Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) has been recognized as an inhibitor of the efflux of reduced GSH from cells, leading to an increase in the intracellular GSH level. In this study, we evaluated, for the first time, whether BSP possessed anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were treated with BSP and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, GSH, and nitrite were assessed. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was analyzed via quantitative RT-PCR. We also examined various inflammatory signaling pathways including Akt/forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Fas protein by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that BSP induced an increase in intracellular GSH level in LPS-stimulated macrophages. BSP inhibited production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. BSP increased phosphorylation of Akt and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and suppressed TLR4 expression. Additionally, BSP decreased MAPKs activation and Fas expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that BSP can attenuate inflammation through multiple signaling pathways. These findings highlight the potential of BSP as a new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuai Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sean B Sequeira
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhenyue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xinlin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Guo F, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Huang Q. miR‑589‑3p sponged by the lncRNA TINCR inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion and promotes the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by suppressing the Akt pathway via IGF1R. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:989-1002. [PMID: 32705168 PMCID: PMC7388824 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding (lnc)RNA named tissue differentiation inducing non-protein coding RNA (TINCR) is a tumor marker that has not been studied in breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the TINCR-targeting micro (mi)RNAs and the regulatory mechanisms of TINCR in breast cancer. Following prediction by TargetScan and confirmation by dual-luciferase reporter assay, TINCR was demonstrated to be a target gene for miR-589-3p. The expression of TINCR and miR-589-3p in breast cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR, and the correlation between TINCR and miR-589-3p expression was determined by using Spearman correlation analysis. The 5-years survival was analyzed in patients with breast cancer according to TINCR expression (high or low). The effects of TINCR and miR-589-3p on the proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and invasive abilities of some breast cancer cell lines were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The target gene of miR-589-3p was predicted and verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the mechanism of miR-589-3p involvement in breast cancer cells was explored by overexpression or downregulation of miR-589-3p in breast cancer cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/AKT pathway-related genes. The results demonstrated that TINCR expression level was negatively correlated with miR-589-3p expression level in breast cancer tissues and that patients with high expression of TINCR presented with lower survival rates. In addition, TINCR overexpression in cancer cells inhibited miR-589-3p expression, and cell transfection with miR-589-3p mimic partially reversed the effect of TINCR overexpression on the promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and on the inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, IGF1R, which is a target gene of miR-589-3p, increased cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited cancer cell apoptosis; however, these effects were partially reversed by miR-589-3p mimic. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that miR-589-3p mimic could downregulate the protein expression of IGF1R and p-AKT. In addition, TINCR overexpression downregulated miR-589-3p expression level. miR-589-3p partially reversed the effects of TINCR overexpression on cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the IGF1R-Akt pathway. The results from the present study demonstrated that TINCR may sponge miR-589-3p in order to inhibit IGF1R-Akt pathway activation in breast cancer cells, promoting therefore cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Qingquan Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chengdu Dongli Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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A novel protective role for microRNA-3135b in Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapy via GOLPH3/AKT1/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10555. [PMID: 32601379 PMCID: PMC7324564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy activates a novel cytoplasmic DNA damage response resulting in Golgi apparatus fragmentation and cancer cell survival. This mechanism is regulated by Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3)/Myo18A/F-actin axis. Analyzing the functions of miR-3135b, a small non-coding RNA with unknown functions, we found that its forced overexpression attenuates the Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. First, we found that miR-3135b is downregulated in CRC cell lines and clinical tumors. Bioinformatic predictions showed that miR-3135b could be regulating protein-encoding genes involved in cell survival, resistance to chemotherapy, and Golgi dynamics. In agreement, ectopic transfection of miR-3135b in HCT-15 cancer cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, sensitized cells to 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), and promoted late apoptosis and necrosis. Also, miR-3135b overexpression impaired the cell cycle progression in HCT-15 and SW-480 cancer cells. Because GOLPH3, a gene involved in maintenance of Golgi structure, was predicted as a potential target of miR-3135b, we studied their functional relationships in response to DNA damage induced by chemotherapy. Immunofluorescence and cellular ultrastructure experiments using antibodies against TGN38 protein, a trans-Golgi network marker, showed that 5-FU and doxorubicin treatments result in an apoptosis-independent stacks dispersal of the Golgi ribbon structure in both HCT-15 and SW-480 cells. Remarkably, these cellular effects were dramatically hindered by transfection of miR-3135b mimics. In addition, our functional studies confirmed that miR-3135b binds to the 3′-UTR of GOLPH3 proto-oncogene, and also reduces the levels of p-AKT1 (Ser473) and p-mTOR (Ser2448) signaling transducers, which are key in cell survival and autophagy activation. Moreover, we found that after treatment with 5-FU, TGN38 factor coimmunolocalizes with beclin-1 autophagic protein in discrete structures associated with the fragmented Golgi, suggesting that the activation of pro-survival autophagy is linked to loss of Golgi integrity. These cellular effects in autophagy and Golgi dispersal were reversed by miR-3135b. In summary, we provided experimental evidence suggesting for the first time a novel role for miR-3135b in the protection of chemotherapy-induced Golgi fragmentation via GOLPH3/AKT1/mTOR axis and protective autophagy in colorectal cancer cells.
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Zhao J, Liu J, Wu N, Zhang H, Zhang S, Li L, Wang M. ANGPTL4 overexpression is associated with progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2499-2505. [PMID: 32782569 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression levels of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in breast cancer to investigate the association between ANGPTL4 and breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, including 205 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of no special type, 40 normal breast, 40 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 40 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) tissues. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the differential expression of ANGPTL4 and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between the expression levels of ANGPTL4 and the prognosis of breast cancer. The results revealed that ANGPTL4 expression was higher in IDC (63.4%; 130/205) compared with in normal breast tissues (17.5%; 7/40), ADH (30%; 12/40) and DCIS (37.5%; 15/40). The clinical significance of ANGPTL4 expression was analyzed in a total of 205 IDC tissues, and high expression levels of ANGPTL4 were positively associated with pathological stage (P<0.001), tumor size (P<0.001), histological grade (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P<0.001) and local recurrence (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high ANGPTL4 expression had a shorter overall survival (OS; P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; P<0.001) compared with patients with low ANGPTL4 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that ANGPTL4 was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer OS (P=0.034) and DFS (P=0.011). The results of the present study demonstrated that ANGPLT4 was associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer, suggesting that ANGPLT4 may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Hailian Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
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Fu X, Tan T, Liu P. Regulation of Autophagy by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4595-4604. [PMID: 32606952 PMCID: PMC7305821 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death, placing a substantial global health burden. The development of the most effective treatment regimen is the unmet clinical need for cancer. Inflammation plays a role in tumorigenesis and progression, and anti-inflammation may be a promising option for cancer management and prevention. Emerging studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive properties through the regulation of autophagy in certain types of cancer. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological functions and side effects of NSAIDs as chemotherapeutic agents, and focus on its mode of action on autophagy regulation, which increases our knowledge of NSAIDs and cancer-related inflammation, and contributes to a putative addition of NSAIDs in the chemoprevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Fu
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Tan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Rai R, Gong Essel K, Mangiaracina Benbrook D, Garland J, Daniel Zhao Y, Chandra V. Preclinical Efficacy and Involvement of AKT, mTOR, and ERK Kinases in the Mechanism of Sulforaphane against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1273. [PMID: 32443471 PMCID: PMC7281543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane exerts anti-cancer activity against multiple cancer types. Our objective was to evaluate utility of sulforaphane for endometrial cancer therapy. Sulforaphane reduced viability of endometrial cancer cell lines in association with the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell division cycle protein 2 (Cdc2) phosphorylation, and intrinsic apoptosis. Inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration of the cell lines was associated with sulforaphane-induced alterations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Proteomic analysis identified alterations in AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the networks of sulforaphane effects in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. Western blots confirmed sulforaphane inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and induction of ERK with alterations in downstream signaling. AKT and mTOR inhibitors reduced endometrial cancer cell line viability and prevented further reduction by sulforaphane. Accumulation of nuclear phosphorylated ERK was associated with reduced sensitivity to the ERK inhibitor and its interference with sulforaphane activity. Sulforaphane induced apoptosis-associated growth inhibition of Ishikawa xenograft tumors to a greater extent than paclitaxel, with no evidence of toxicity. These results verify sulforaphane's potential as a non-toxic treatment candidate for endometrial cancer and identify AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the mechanism of action with interference in the mechanism by nuclear phosphorylated ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Kathleen Gong Essel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Justin Garland
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Wang J, Wu T, Ma L, Guo Y, Huang Y, Zheng L. Action of Akt Pathway on La-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis of Rats in the Growth Stage. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:434-446. [PMID: 32385838 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influences of lanthanum (La) exposure on learning and memory and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in offspring rats. Wistar female rats were randomly divided into a control group (NC) and 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% LaCl3 treatment groups, with eight per group. La dye was transmitted to offspring rats through parental blood circulation and breast milk before delactation and through water drinking after delectation. Offspring rats were killed at 14, 28 and 42 days after birth. Hippocampal neurons were observed by microscope, and apoptosis and necrosis were tested. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot, and Morris water maze experiments were used to measure learning and memory abilities. LaCl3 groups showed longer escape latency periods and swimming distances than the NC group (p < 0.05). The 1.0% LaCl3 group passed across the target quadrants and platforms more times and stayed in the target quadrants for less time, than the NC group (p < 0.05). At 42 days, the apoptosis rate and necrosis in the hippocampus of the 1.0% LaCl3 group were significantly higher than those of other groups. There was a significant difference among LaCl3 groups in terms of protein expressions measured in the hippocampus. In LaCl3 groups, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly higher than in the NC group (p < 0.05). Therefore, La exposure can promote neuronal apoptosis by regulating the protein expressions of Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, caspase-3 and caspase-9, thus damaging learning and memory and the hippocampal neurons of offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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In Silico Screening Anticancer of Six Triterpenoids toward miR-494 and TNF-α Targets. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2020. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.23.4.117-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for up to 90% of all primary liver cancers worldwide. Cinobufagin is recognized to inhibit miR-494 as the HCC target. Increased expression of TNF-α results in an inadequate response to liver anticancer drugs. The models in this study were cinobufagin, cycloartenol, and ethyl acetate fractions of Ganoderma lucidum, 2–5. Seven docking targets in this study were Akt, ERK1, ERK2, PI3K, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TNFR2. Cycloartenol and compound 4 comply with Veber’s rules, Lipinski’s rule of 5, and demonstrate moderate toxicity. The action implies a potential docking target since it produces bond affinities with the compound 2–5 that agree with the IC50 in the literature, which is based on in vitro experiments. Akt as a receptor target is AZD5363. Cycloartenol shows a low ability to inhibit Akt. Conversely, compound 4 inhibits the Akt better than that of cycloartenol, although it is not as good as cinobufagin and AZD5363. Therefore, compound 4, a triterpenoid with a basic framework of lanostane has the potential to be an anticancer candidate for the liver.
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Kong S, Cao Y, Li X, Li Z, Xin Y, Meng Y. MiR-3116 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide by targeting FGFR1 and regulating the FGFR1/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4677-4686. [PMID: 32181582 PMCID: PMC7176860 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a brain tumour that is often diagnosed, and temozolomide (TMZ) is a common chemotherapeutic drug used in glioma. Yet, resistance to TMZ is a chief hurdle towards curing the malignancy. The current work explores the pathways and involvement of miR-3116 in the TMZ resistance. miR-3116 and FGFR1 mRNA were quantified by real-time PCR in malignant samples and cell lines. Appropriate assays were designed for apoptosis, viability, the ability to form colonies and reporter assays to study the effects of the miR-3116 or FGFR1. The involvement of PI3K/AKT signalling was assessed using Western blotting. Tumorigenesis was evaluated in an appropriate xenograft mouse model in vivo. This work revealed that the levels of miR-3116 dipped in samples resistant to TMZ, while increased miR-3116 caused an inhibition of the tumour features mentioned above to hence augment TMZ sensitivity. miR-3116 was found to target FGFR1. When FGFR1 was overexpressed, resistance to TMZ was augmented and reversed the sensitivity caused by miR-3116. Our findings further confirmed PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is involved in this action. In conclusion, miR-3116 sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ through FGFR1 downregulation and the PI3K/AKT pathway inactivation. Our results provide a strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Kong
- Department of NeurosurgeryXingtai People’s HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Yingxiao Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXingtai People’s HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Xin Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First People's Hospital of ShenyangShenyangChina
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryXingtai People’s HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Yuling Xin
- Department of NeurosurgeryXingtai People’s HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Operating RoomXingtai People’s HospitalXingtaiChina
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Liu LL, Chen SL, Huang YH, Yang X, Wang CH, He JH, Yun JP, Luo RZ. Adrenomedullin inhibits tumor metastasis and is associated with good prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:773-786. [PMID: 32269711 PMCID: PMC7137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer metastasis is the major reason for cancer-related deaths, but the mechanism of cancer metastasis still unclear. Adrenomedullin (ADM), a peptide hormone, functions as a local paracrine and autocrine mediator with multiple biological activities, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and anti-inflammation. However, the expression and potential function of ADM in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine the expression of ADM in TNBC tissues and cell lines. A total of 458 TNBC tissue samples and adjacent nontumor tissue samples were detected by immunochemistry to determine the correlation between ADM expression and clinicopathological characteristics. We determined the role and mechanistic pathways of ADM in tumor metastasis in cell lines. RESULTS Our data showed that ADM expression was noticeably decreased in TNBC samples and cell lines. Low expression levels correlate with an increased risk of recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, low ADM expression was associated with poor prognosis and was an independent marker for TNBC. In vitro, ADM may decrease cancer cell invasion, which is likely the result of its effect on the cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ADM is a valuable biomarker for TNBC prognosis and an anti-metastasis candidate therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jie-Hua He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060, China
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Landel I, Quambusch L, Depta L, Rauh D. Spotlight on AKT: Current Therapeutic Challenges. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:225-227. [PMID: 32184947 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase B (Akt) exemplifies an important switch of cell death and survival within the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which renders Akt a valuable target in diseases such as cancer. Herein, we give a short overview of clinical applications involving Akt, outline promising and innovative approaches to investigate the role of this kinase in diseases, and highlight the current challenges that require thorough investigation to set the groundwork for successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Landel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lena Quambusch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura Depta
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Rosemary Extract Inhibits Proliferation, Survival, Akt, and mTOR Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030810. [PMID: 32012648 PMCID: PMC7037743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer lacks expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) as well as the expression and/or gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TN breast cancer is aggressive and does not respond to hormone therapy, therefore new treatments are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals have contributed to the establishment of chemotherapy agents. In previous studies, rosemary extract (RE) has been found to reduce cell proliferation and increase apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. However, there are very few studies examining the effects of RE in TN breast cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of RE on TN MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation, survival/apoptosis, Akt, and mTOR signaling. RE inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and survival in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RE inhibited the phosphorylation/activation of Akt and mTOR and enhanced the cleavage of PARP, a marker of apoptosis. Our findings indicate that RE has potent anticancer properties against TN breast cancer and modulates key signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation and survival.
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Yamamoto M, Morita T, Ishikawa M, Sakamoto A. Specific microRNAs are involved in the reno‑protective effects of sevoflurane preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning against ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1141-1149. [PMID: 31985019 PMCID: PMC7053861 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are prone to developing ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) following certain renal surgeries and cardiovascular surgeries requiring cardiac arrest. Sevoflurane and ischemic preconditioning reportedly alleviate IRI, which is mediated via microRNAs. The present study compared anesthetic preconditioning (APC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on microRNAs, which promote cell‑survival pathways in rats in a randomized controlled study. After undergoing right nephrectomy under general anesthesia, male Wistar rats (336±24 g) and were divided into four groups (IRI, APC, IPC and sham; n=7 each). The IRI group underwent 45 min clamping of the left renal vasculature, followed by 4 h of reperfusion. APC involved exposure to one minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane for 15 min. IPC included three cycles of two‑min clamping and five‑min reperfusion. Blood and renal biopsy samples were assessed postoperatively to measure serum creatinine and to analyze renal microRNA (miR) expression using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) testing and their target pathways with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis™. The present study found that serum creatinine values in APC (0.71±0.08 mg/dl) and IPC (0.73±0.1 mg/dl) groups were lower than in the IRI group (0.96±0.13 mg/dl; P<0.05), indicating amelioration of IRI by APC and IPC. RT‑qPCR followed by pathway analysis indicated that APC and IPC affect 'protein kinase B (Akt)'. APC promoted miR‑17‑3p and suppressed miR‑27a. IPC promoted miR‑19a. All the miRs were predicted to regulate phosphorylated Akt, which promotes cell‑protection. Western blot analysis showed that expression of phosphorylated Akt increased and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) decreased following APC and IPC. The present study concluded that APC and IPC affect different miRs, although they are estimated to similarly promote the PTEN/phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway, resulting in reno‑protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yamamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 1138602, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 1138602, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 1138602, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 1138602, Japan
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O’Byrne SN, Scott JW, Pilotte JR, Santiago ADS, Langendorf CG, Oakhill JS, Eduful BJ, Couñago RM, Wells CI, Zuercher WJ, Willson TM, Drewry DH. In Depth Analysis of Kinase Cross Screening Data to Identify CAMKK2 Inhibitory Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:E325. [PMID: 31941153 PMCID: PMC7024175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) activates CAMK1, CAMK4, AMPK, and AKT, leading to numerous physiological responses. The deregulation of CAMKK2 is linked to several diseases, suggesting the utility of CAMKK2 inhibitors for oncological, metabolic and inflammatory indications. In this work, we demonstrate that STO-609, frequently described as a selective inhibitor for CAMKK2, potently inhibits a significant number of other kinases. Through an analysis of literature and public databases, we have identified other potent CAMKK2 inhibitors and verified their activities in differential scanning fluorimetry and enzyme inhibition assays. These inhibitors are potential starting points for the development of selective CAMKK2 inhibitors and will lead to tools that delineate the roles of this kinase in disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean N. O’Byrne
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph R. Pilotte
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - André da S. Santiago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-875, Brazil; (A.d.S.S.); (R.M.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Christopher G. Langendorf
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eduful
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-875, Brazil; (A.d.S.S.); (R.M.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
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Sayan M, Mamidanna S, Fuat Eren M, Daliparty V, Zoto Mustafayev T, Nelson C, Ohri N, Jabbour SK, Guven Mert A, Atalar B. New horizons from novel therapies in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Adv Respir Med 2020; 88:343-351. [PMID: 32869268 PMCID: PMC10865433 DOI: 10.5603/arm.a2020.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a relatively rare, but highly lethal cancer of the pleural mesothelial cells. Its pathoge-nesis is integrally linked to asbestos exposure. In spite of recent developments providing a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis, the outcomes continue to be poor. To date, trimodality therapy involving surgery coupled with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy remains the standard of therapy. The development of resistance of the tumor cells to radiation and several che-motherapeutic agents poses even greater challenges in the management of this cancer. Ionizing radiation damages cancer cell DNA and aids in therapeutic response, but it also activates cell survival signaling pathways that helps the tumor cells to overcome radiation-induced cytotoxicity. A careful evaluation of the biology involved in mesothelioma with an emphasis on the workings of pro-survival signaling pathways might offer some guidance for treatment options. This review focuses on the existing treatment options for MPM, novel treatment approaches based on recent studies combining the use of inhibitors which target different pro-survival pathways, and radiotherapy to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlay Sayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Swati Mamidanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehmet Fuat Eren
- Radiation Oncology Clinic, Marmara University Istanbul Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasudev Daliparty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, New Jersey, USA
| | - Teuta Zoto Mustafayev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carl Nelson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nisha Ohri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aslihan Guven Mert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Atalar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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135
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Xuan T, Wang D, Lv J, Pan Z, Fang J, Xiang Y, Cheng H, Wang X, Guo X. Downregulation of Cypher induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2328-2337. [PMID: 32922198 PMCID: PMC7484636 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered as the most common form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with a high mortality worldwide. Cytoskeleton protein Cypher plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function. Genetic studies in human and animal models revealed that Cypher is involved in the development of DCM. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Accumulating evidences suggest that apoptosis in myocytes may contribute to DCM. Thus, the purpose of this study is to define whether lack of Cypher in cardiomyocytes can elevate apoptosis signaling and lead to DCM eventually. Methods and Results: Cypher-siRNA sufficiently inhibited Cypher expression in cardiomyocytes. TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes were increased in both Cypher knockdown neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and Cypher knockout mice hearts, which were rare in the control group. Flow cytometry further confirmed that downregulation of Cypher significantly increased myocytes apoptosis in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 assay revealed that Cypher knockdown in H9c2 cells significantly reduced cell viability. Cypher knockdown was found to increase cleaved caspase-3 expression and suppress p21, ratio of bcl-2 to Bax. Cypher-deficiency induced apoptosis was linked to downregulation of Akt activation and elevated p-p38 MAPK accumulation. Pharmacological activation of Akt with SC79 attenuated apoptosis with enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and reduced p-p38 MAPK and Bax expression. Conclusions: Downregulation of Cypher participates in the promotion of cardiomyocytes apoptosis through inhibiting Akt dependent pathway and enhancing p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These findings may provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study of the Allosteric AKT Inhibitor BAY 1125976 in Advanced Solid Cancer-Lack of Association between Activating AKT Mutation and AKT Inhibition-Derived Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121987. [PMID: 31835495 PMCID: PMC6966663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This open-label, phase I first-in-human study (NCT01915576) of BAY 1125976, a highly specific and potent allosteric inhibitor of AKT1/2, aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and maximum tolerated dose of BAY 1125976 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Oral dose escalation was investigated with a continuous once daily (QD) treatment (21 days/cycle) and a twice daily (BID) schedule. A dose expansion in 28 patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, including nine patients harboring the AKT1E17K mutation, was performed at the recommended phase 2 dose (R2D) of 60 mg BID. Dose-limiting toxicities (Grades 3-4) were increased in transaminases, γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), and alkaline phosphatase in four patients in both schedules and stomach pain in one patient. Of the 78 patients enrolled, one patient had a partial response, 30 had stable disease, and 38 had progressive disease. The clinical benefit rate was 27.9% among 43 patients treated at the R2D. AKT1E17K mutation status was not associated with tumor response. Genetic analyses revealed additional mutations that could promote tumor cell growth despite the inhibition of AKT1/2. BAY 1125976 was well tolerated and inhibited AKT1/2 signaling but did not lead to radiologic or clinical tumor responses. Thus, the refinement of a selection of biomarkers for AKT inhibitors is needed to improve their monotherapy activity.
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137
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Xu X, Pan X, Li S. Prospective analysis of the efficacy of beraprost sodium combined with alprostadil on diabetic nephropathy and influence on rennin-angiotensin system and TNF-α. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:639-645. [PMID: 31885702 PMCID: PMC6913236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of beraprost sodium (BPS) combined with alprostadil on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its influence on renin angiotensin system (RAS) and TNF-α were investigated. One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy admitted to Weifang People's Hospital from July 2017 to January 2019 were selected and divided into two groups according to the treatment plan. Fifty patients with alprostadil were the control group and 52 patients with alprostadil combined with BPS were the combined group. Related indexes of fasting blood glucose, hemorheology, coagulation function, renal function, urine routine, liver function, renin angiotensin system and changes of TNF-α (ELISA) were observed, and the occurrence of adverse reactions of patients were recorded. The fasting blood glucose of patients in the two groups after treatment was lower than that before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte deformation exponent of patients in the two groups decreased (P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the average volume of fibrinogen (FIB), D dimer and platelets of the patients in the two groups decreased (P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, UACR, CysC, β2-MG and α1-MG of patients decreased in the two groups (P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, renin and angiotensin II of patients decreased in both groups (P<0.05). TNF-α of patients in both groups decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, compared with alprostadil, BPS combined with alprostadil can effectively improve hemodynamics, coagulation function and renal function of DN patients, and inhibit expression of RAS-related factors and TNF-α, which is a more effective method for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Department of Blood Purification, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Blood Purification, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Wu J, Luo Y, Deng D, Su S, Li S, Xiang L, Hu Y, Wang P, Meng X. Coptisine from Coptis chinensis exerts diverse beneficial properties: A concise review. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7946-7960. [PMID: 31622015 PMCID: PMC6850926 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptisine is a natural small-molecular compound extracted from Coptis chinensis (CC) with a history of using for thousands of years. This work aimed at summarizing coptisine's activity and providing advice for its clinical use. We analysed the online papers in the database of SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and CNKI by setting keywords as 'coptisine' in combination of 'each pivotal pathway target'. Based on the existing literatures, we find (a) coptisine exerted potential to be an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, CAD ameliorating or anti-bacterial drug through regulating the signalling transduction of pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NLRP3 inflammasome, RANKL/RANK and Beclin 1/Sirt1. However, we also (b) observe that the plasma concentration of coptisine demonstrates obvious non-liner relationship with dosage, and even the highest dosage used in animal study actually cannot reach the minimum concentration level used in cell experiments owing to the poor absorption and low availability of coptisine. We conclude (a) further investigations can focus on coptisine's effect on caspase-1-involved inflammasome assembling and pyroptosis activation, as well as autophagy. (b) Under circumstance of promoting coptisine availability by pursuing nano- or microrods strategies or applying salt-forming process to coptisine, can it be introduced to clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Yu Luo
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Donghang Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyu Su
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Clinical TranslationChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Li Xiang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Yingfan Hu
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Wang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Xianli Meng
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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139
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Li Q, Xu A, Chu Y, Chen T, Li H, Yao L, Zhou P, Xu M. Rap1A promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1815-1824. [PMID: 31545475 PMCID: PMC6775818 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras‑associated protein 1A (Rap1A) is a member of the Ras subfamily of small GTP‑binding proteins and is found to promote metastasis in several types of cancer. However, the functional role and molecular mechanism of action in Rap1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not fully understood. In the present study, Rap1A was found to be upregulated in ESCC tissues and its expression was correlated with cancer stage. Functional studies revealed that Rap1A could promote ESCC metastasis by stimulating cell migration and invasion in vivo and in vitro. Further study indicated that the transcriptional factor SP1 increased Rap1A expression via promoter binding and transcription activation. Furthermore, Rap1A promoted epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition, possibly through the AKT signaling pathway. Hence, the findings of the present study indicated that Rap1A may be a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfang Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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140
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Tsuji S, Ohama T, Nakagawa T, Sato K. Efficacy of an anti-cancer strategy targeting SET in canine osteosarcoma. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1424-1430. [PMID: 31527340 PMCID: PMC6863715 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in dogs. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine protein phosphatase, is a crucial tumor suppressor. SET is a PP2A inhibitory protein that directly interacts with PP2A and suppresses its phosphatase activity. SET has been reported as a contributor of wide range of human and dog tumor malignancies. However, the role of SET in canine OSA (cOSA) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of SET in cOSA by using 2 cOSA cell lines: POS (primary origin) and HM-POS (metastatic origin). Knockdown (KD) of SET expression was noted to slightly suppress POS cell proliferation only. Furthermore, SET KD effectively suppressed colony formation ability of both POS and HM-POS cells. SET KD was observed to repress ERK1/2, mTOR, E2F1, and NF-κB signaling in HM-POS cells, whereas it inhibited only ERK1/2 signaling in POS. Further, it was observed that SET-targeting drug, FTY720, exerted anti-cancer effects in both POS and HM-POS cells. Moreover, the drug also enhanced the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. The data suggested that a combination therapy, based on SET targeting drugs and cisplatin, could be a potent strategy for cOSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Tsuji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and the Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Saleh R, Taha RZ, Sasidharan Nair V, Alajez NM, Elkord E. PD-L1 Blockade by Atezolizumab Downregulates Signaling Pathways Associated with Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Hypoxia in Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1050. [PMID: 31349612 PMCID: PMC6721435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which shows resistance to common breast cancer therapies, as it lacks the expression of the most common breast cancer targets. Therefore, TNBC treatment remains a challenge. Targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), for example, atezolizumab, has revolutionized the treatment for various cancer types. However, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting PD-L1 in TNBC is currently under investigation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, expressing PD-L1, responds to atezolizumab, using RNA-Seq. Transcriptome analysis revealed 388 upregulated and 362 downregulated genes in response to atezolizumab treatment. The expression of selected genes, from RNA-Seq data, was subsequently validated using RT-qPCR in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells following atezolizumab treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that atezolizumab downregulates genes promoting cell migration/invasion and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell growth/proliferation/survival, and hypoxia. On the contrary, genes associated with apoptosis and DNA repair were upregulated in response to atezolizumab treatment. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that a significant number of these genes are related to the NF-kB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and CD40 signaling pathways. Using functional assays, we confirmed that atezolizumab increases MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis/necrosis, and reduces their proliferation and viability. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms/signaling pathways by which atezolizumab exerts inhibitory effects on TNBC, thereby inhibiting EMT/metastasis, tumor growth/survival, and the induction of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar.
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142
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Quercetin: Molecular Implications in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133177. [PMID: 31261749 PMCID: PMC6651418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a problem with worldwide importance and is the second leading cause of death globally. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support their uncontrolled expansion by increasing biomass (anabolic metabolism-glycolysis) at the expense of their energy (bioenergetics- mitochondrial function) requirements. In this aspect, metabolic reprogramming stands out as a key biological process in understanding the conversion of a normal cell into a neoplastic precursor. Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subclass of flavonols. Quercetin is ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables, being one of the most common dietary flavonols in the western diet. The anti-cancer effects of quercetin include its ability to promote the loss of cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy through the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/-catenin, and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of quercetin in cancer metabolism, addressing specifically its ability to target molecular pathways involved in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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143
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Lu Y, Wang X, Dong H, Wang X, Yang P, Han L, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Zhang W, Zhang L. Bioinformatics analysis of microRNA expression between patients with and without latent tuberculosis infections. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3977-3988. [PMID: 30988779 PMCID: PMC6447890 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally prevalent infectious disease. The mechanisms of latent TB infection (LTBI) remain to be fully elucidated and may provide novel approaches for diagnosis. As therapeutic targets and molecular diagnostic markers, microRNAs (miRs) have been studied and utilized in various diseases. In the present study, the differentially expressed miRs (DEMs) in LTBI were screened and analyzed to determine the underlying mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers, thereby contributing to the diagnosis of LTBI. The GSE25435 and GSE29190 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus were selected for analysis. The 2 datasets were analyzed individually using the Bioconductor package to screen the DEMs with specific cut-off criteria [P<0.01 and |log (fold change)|≥1]. Target gene prediction and interaction network construction were performed using Targetscan, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins and Cytoscape individually, and were merged using the latter tool. The hub genes were finally selected based on their degree of connectivity (DC). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the KEGG and GENCLIP. A total of 144 DEMs were identified from the 2 datasets. By exploring the overlapping miRs in the two datasets, Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-29a and hsa-miR-15b were identified to be decreased, while hsa-miR-576-5p, hsa-miR-500 and hsa-miR-155 were identified to be upregulated. hsa-miR-500a-3p and hsa-miR-29a-3p, as well as 4 genes, namely cell division cycle (CDC)42, actin α1, skeletal muscle (ACTA1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and fos proto-oncogene (FOS), were selected as the key factors in this regulatory network. A total of 9 signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT and 11 biological processes, were identified to be associated with LTBI. In conclusion, the present analysis identified hsa-miR-500a-3p and hsa-miR-29a-3p, as well as CDC42, ACTA1, PTEN and FOS, as the most promising biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for LTBI. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is the key signaling pathway implicated in LTBI, and an in-depth investigation of the efficiency of PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitors may be used to prevent a chronic state of infection in LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Hongchang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
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144
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Han T, Wu N, Wang Y, Shen W, Zou J. miR‑16‑2‑3p inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis by targeting PDPK1 in maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1441-1451. [PMID: 30664182 PMCID: PMC6365086 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target genes, and serve diverse roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the association between miR-16-2-3p and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) in nonsyndromic cleft lip (NSCL) remains unclear. In the present study, a luciferase activity assay indicated that miR-16-2-3p negatively regulated PDPK1 in maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells (MPMCs). In addition, it was confirmed that the expression levels of miR-16-2-3p was markedly increased in cleft lip tissues compared with those in adjacent normal lip tissues. A negative correlation between miR-16-2-3p and PDPK1 in cleft lip tissues was observed. Furthermore, miR-16-2-3p inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis of MPMCs via repressing PDPK1. Finally, miR-16-2-3p exerted its suppressive role in MPMCs by inhibiting the PDPK1/protein kinase B signaling pathway. These results indicate that miR-16-2-3p may inhibit cell proliferation and migration, and promote apoptosis in MPMCs through repression of PDPK1 and may be a potential target for future clinical prevention and treatment of NSCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ni Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Youjing Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Zou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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