101
|
Activation of the NF- κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways Contributes to the Inflammatory Responses, but Not Cell Injury, in IPEC-1 Cells Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5803639. [PMID: 32411329 PMCID: PMC7204152 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5803639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can lead to intestinal cell injury as well as the induction of inflammation. It is not clear whether inflammation is an important factor leading to cell injury caused by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation in intestinal injury caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results revealed that H2O2 stimulation significantly decreased the viability of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and disrupted the distribution of the tight junction protein claudin-1. H2O2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). H2O2 stimulation also led to increased phosphorylation of p38 and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p65 NF-κB protein translocation into the nucleus of IPEC-1 cells. Cells treated with the NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082), the p38 inhibitor (SB202190), or the JNK inhibitor (PD98059) significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. However, treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or NF-κB inhibitors did not prevent the damage effect on cell viability, LDH activity, or the distribution of claudin-1 in cells challenged with H2O2. In summary, our data demonstrate that activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways can contribute to the inflammatory response, but not cell injury, in IPEC-1 cells challenged with H2O2.
Collapse
|
102
|
Microarray analysis reveals the inhibition of intestinal expression of nutrient transporters in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19798. [PMID: 31875021 PMCID: PMC6930262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection can induce intestinal dysfunction, resulting in severe diarrhea and even death, but the mode of action underlying these viral effects remains unclear. This study determined the effects of PEDV infection on intestinal absorption and the expression of genes for nutrient transporters via biochemical tests and microarray analysis. Sixteen 7-day-old healthy piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated to one of two groups. After 5-day adaption, piglets (n = 8/group) were orally administrated with either sterile saline or PEDV (the strain from Yunnan province) at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per pig. All pigs were orally infused D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) on day 5 post PEDV or saline administration. One hour later, jugular vein blood samples as well as intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. In comparison with the control group, PEDV infection increased diarrhea incidence, blood diamine oxidase activity, and iFABP level, while reducing growth and plasma D-xylose concentration in piglets. Moreover, PEDV infection altered plasma and jejunal amino acid profiles, and decreased the expression of aquaporins and amino acid transporters (L-type amino acid transporter 1, sodium-independent amino acid transporter, B(°,+)-type amino acid transport protein, sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 1, sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3, and peptide transporter (1), lipid transport and metabolism-related genes (lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein A4, apolipoprotein C2, solute carrier family 27 member 2, solute carrier family 27 member 4, fatty acid synthase, and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (3), and glucose transport genes (glucose transporter-2 and insulin receptor) in the jejunum. However, PEDV administration increased mRNA levels for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, argininosuccinate synthase 1, sodium/glucose co-transporter-1, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the jejunum. Collectively, these comprehensive results indicate that PEDV infection induces intestinal injury and inhibits the expression of genes encoding for nutrient transporters.
Collapse
|
103
|
Xiao K, Liu C, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Odle J, Lin X, Hu CAA, Liu Y. EPA and DHA attenuate deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal porcine epithelial cell injury and protect barrier function integrity by inhibiting necroptosis signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 34:2483-2496. [PMID: 31909535 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins that contaminates food or feed and cause intestinal damage. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as EPA and DHA exert beneficial effects on intestinal integrity in animal models and clinical trials. Necroptosis signaling pathway plays a critical role in intestinal cell injury. This study tested the hypothesis that EPA and DHA could alleviate DON-induced injury to intestinal porcine epithelial cells through modulation of the necroptosis signaling pathway. Intestinal porcine epithelial cell 1 (IPEC-1) cells were cultured with or without EPA or DHA (6.25-25 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of 0.5 μg/mL DON for indicated time points. Cell viability, cell number, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell necrosis, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran 4kDa (FD4) flux, tight junction protein distribution, and protein abundance of necroptosis related signals were determined. EPA and DHA promoted cell growth indicated by higher cell viability and cell number, and inhibited cell injury indicated by lower LDH activity in the media. EPA and DHA also improved intestinal barrier function, indicated by higher TEER and lower permeability of FD4 flux as well as increased proportions of tight junction proteins located in the plasma membrane. Moreover, EPA and DHA decreased cell necrosis demonstrated by live cell imaging and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, EPA and DHA downregulated protein expressions of necroptosis related signals including tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR1), receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3, phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL), phosphoglycerate mutase family 5 (PGAM5), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). EPA and DHA also inhibited protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8. These results suggest that EPA and DHA prevent DON-induced intestinal cell injury and enhance barrier function, which is associated with inhibition of the necroptosis signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qin Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Aluthge ND, Van Sambeek DM, Carney-Hinkle EE, Li YS, Fernando SC, Burkey TE. BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3741-3757. [PMID: 31250899 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirosh D Aluthge
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Yanshuo S Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Chen J, Li Y, Tang Z, Sun Z. Regulatory Functions of Fatty Acids with Different Chain Lengths on the Intestinal Health in Pigs and Relative Signaling Pathways. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:674-682. [PMID: 31084590 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190514120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestines are not only major organs for nutrient digestion and absorption, but are also the largest immune organ in pigs. They are essential for maintaining the health and growth of piglets. Fatty acids, including short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, are important nutrients; they are a major energy source, important components of the cell membrane, metabolic substrates in many biochemical pathways, cell-signaling molecules, and play role as immune modulators. Research has shown that fatty acids exert beneficial effects on intestinal health in animal models and clinical trials. The objective of this review is to give a clear understanding of the regulatory effects of fatty acids of different chain lengths on intestinal health in pigs and their signaling pathways, providing scientific reference for developing a feeding technique to apply fatty acids to piglet diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Zhang J, Xu X, Zhu H, Wang Y, Hou Y, Liu Y. Dietary fish oil supplementation alters liver gene expressions to protect against LPS-induced liver injury in weanling piglets. Innate Immun 2019; 25:60-72. [PMID: 30782046 PMCID: PMC6830890 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918821420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the potential mechanisms of the protective effects of fish oil against
LPS-induced liver injury in a piglet model were investigated by using RNA
sequencing. Twenty-four piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and the
main factors included diet (5% corn oil or 5% fish oil) and immunological
challenge (LPS or saline, on d 19). All piglets were slaughtered at 4 h after
challenge, and liver samples were collected. Fish oil improved liver morphology
and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 productions after LPS challenge. RNA
sequencing analysis showed fish oil had significant effect on the expressions of
genes involved in immune response during LPS-induced inflammation. Selected gene
expression changes were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Fish oil reduced
the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes IL1R1,
IL1RAP, CEBPB and CRP,
and increased that of anti-inflammatory genes IL-18BP,
NFKBIA, IFIT1, IFIT2 and
ATF3. Moreover, fish oil restored the expressions of some
lipid metabolism-related genes, such as ACAA1,
ACACA, ACADS and ACADM,
which were only decreased in pigs fed a corn oil diet after LPS challenge. Our
RNA sequencing reveals novel gene-nutrient interactions following fish oil
supplementation and evoked inflammation, which add to the current understanding
of the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Meng Q, Wang L, Sun S, Shi Z, Su B, Qu Z, Shi B, Shan A. The influence of dietary corn distillers dried grains with solubles during gestation of sows on fatty acid composition of colostrum and offspring. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six sows were randomly assigned to three treatments and fed 0, 125, or 250 g kg−1 corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding DDGS to sows during gestation on the fatty acid composition of colostrum and offspring. In colostrum, feeding 0–250 g kg−1 DDGS resulted in linear increase (P < 0.001) in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) level (from 14.7% to 19.8%) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level (from 16.9% to 22.8%), and linear decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1 cis-9), and total saturated fatty acid (SFA). In addition, the percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in colostrum was increased from 0.56% to 1.23% (linear effect, P < 0.001, and quadratic effect, P = 0.010) with increasing level of DDGS. Feeding DDGS to sows resulted in linear increase (P < 0.05) in levels of 18:2n-6 (from 13.9% to 20.4%), 20:4n-6 (from 0.53% to 0.73%), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, from 0.28% to 0.37%), and total PUFA (from 15.9% to 22.6%), and linear decrease (P < 0.001) in levels of 16:0 and SFA of carcass of newborn piglets. The results demonstrated that feeding 125 or 250 g kg−1 corn DDGS to sows increased the proportions of 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and total PUFA and decreased the proportions of 16:0 and total SFA in sow colostrum and the carcasses of newborn piglets, implying that inclusion of corn DDGS in diets for sows can alter fatty composition of colostrum and piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shishuai Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binchao Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Qu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Martínez G, Diéguez SN, Fernández Paggi MB, Riccio MB, Pérez Gaudio DS, Rodríguez E, Amanto FA, Tapia MO, Soraci AL. Effect of fosfomycin, Cynara scolymus extract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2019; 5:386-395. [PMID: 31890916 PMCID: PMC6920400 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Weaning is a challenging stage of pig farming. Animals undergo environmental, social and dietary changes leading to weaning stress syndrome. In order to compensate for the detrimental effects of weaning stress, antibiotics and natural extracts are used as feed additives, sometimes without fully understanding the interactions between them or even with low concentrations of mycotoxins that are frequently present in feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin (FOS), Cynara scolymus extract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combined administration on intestinal health of weaned piglets. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors (FOS, CSE and DON treatments), 2 levels each (presence and absence) and 3 repeats. Weaned piglets (n = 24) were randomly divided in groups to receive the different treatments, namely DON administered in diet (50 μg/kg BW), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg BW), CSE administered in diet (15 mg/kg BW) and all their combinations. After 15 d, the animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate gastrointestinal pH, Enterobacteriaceae to lactic acid bacteria (E:L) ratio, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, disaccharidase (lactase, sucrase and maltase) activity, histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and mucus ability to adhere pathogenic Escherichia coli. From our results, FOS and CSE treatments, individually or combined, produced a lower E:L ratio, an enhanced production of butyrate, increased disaccharidase activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Deoxynivalenol did not show interactions with the other factors and its administration produced decreases on VFA, disaccharidase activity and goblet cells count. In conclusion, weaning piglets receiving diets containing FOS, CSE or both exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. On the contrary, the presence of DON at sub-toxic concentrations produced detrimental effects on intestinal health. The knowledge of the physiological and pathological gut changes produced by these compounds contributes to understand their potential productive consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Martínez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Susana N. Diéguez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Fernández Paggi
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área Producción Porcina, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Riccio
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denisa S. Pérez Gaudio
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Rodríguez
- Área Estadística, Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián A. Amanto
- Área Producción Porcina, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María O. Tapia
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Alejandro L. Soraci
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Lin Q, Su G, Wu A, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, He J. Bombyx mori gloverin A2 alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced inflammation and intestinal mucosa disruption. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:189. [PMID: 31788236 PMCID: PMC6878672 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading bacterial causes of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. However, the ETEC is frequently resistant to common antibiotics. In this study, we explored the role of a novel antibacterial peptide Bombyx mori gloverin A2 (BMGlvA2) in alleviating ETEC-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelium disruption in mice. Methods An ETEC-challenged mice model was used, and the ETEC-challenged mice and non-challenged mice were treated by the BMGlvA2 at different doses. Results ETEC challenge not only elevated the concentrations of serum inflammatory cytokines such as the IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.01), but also elevated the concentrations of serum creatinine and urea (P < 0.05). However, BMGlvA2 attenuated the inflammatory responses by decreasing the serum inflammatory cytokines and improving the metabolisms in ETEC-challenged mice, and alleviated the ETEC-induced tissue damage in spleen. Moreover, BMGlvA2 treatment significantly elevated the duodenum villus height and decreased the crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum in ETEC-challenged mice (P < 0.05). Interestingly, BMGlvA2 improved the distribution and abundance of tight-junction protein ZO1 in duodenum and ileum epithelium after ETEC-challenge. Moreover, BMGlvA2 significantly down-regulated the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 8 and Caspase 9) in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05) in the TETC-challenged mice. Importantly, BMGlvA2 significantly elevated the expression levels of critical genes related to mucosal barrier functions such as the mucins (MUC1 and MUC2) and glucose transporter (GLUT2) in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggested a novel function of the conventional antibacterial peptides, and the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of BMGlvA2 may allow it a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqi Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Uilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wang C, Cao S, Shen Z, Hong Q, Feng J, Peng Y, Hu C. Effects of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR pathway in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 31788241 PMCID: PMC6876078 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Seventy-two pigs were divided into two treatments and received either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg tributyrin. Each treatment has six replicates of six pigs. After 14 days, 6 pigs from each treatment were selected and the jejunal samples were collected. Results Results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) villus height and villus height: crypt depth of weaned pigs. Pigs fed tributyrin had greater (P < 0.05) RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios than pigs on the control group. The mRNA levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1 and glucose transporter-2 in the jejunum were upregulated (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the tributyrin diet. Dietary tributyrin supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in jejunum, enhanced (P < 0.05) the mitochondrial function, as demonstrated by decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species level and increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial functions, including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor-1 in the jejunum. Supplementation with tributyrin elevated (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of AMPK and inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of mTOR in jejunum compared with the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with tributyrin promotes intestinal mucosa growth, extenuates oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function and modulates the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway of weaned pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Cao
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua Hong
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201807 China
| | - Caihong Hu
- 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Rd No. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Wang K, Zhang H, Han Q, Lan J, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides on growth performance, immune function and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1096-1105. [PMID: 31724241 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (Aps) and ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) on growth performance, liver function, immune function, TLR4 signalling pathways and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an experiment spanning 28 days, 180 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (Con), basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Gps (Gps) and basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Aps (Aps). At the end of the experiment, 12 piglets of each group were selected; half (n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and half with normal saline. Dietary supplementation with Aps and Gps significantly increased (p < .05) the average daily gain and feed conversion rate. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) expression of serum urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), but decreased (p < .05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression. Lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets fed with Aps or Gps had lower (p < .05) BUN, ALT, AST, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and greater (p < .05) SOD, T-AOC and IgA levels. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, and LPS-challenged piglets fed diets supplemented with Aps or Gps increased TLR4 and MyD88 and decreased NF-κB expression. Lipopolysaccharide challenge reduced (p < .05) the jejunal villus height, and piglets fed with Aps or Gps had increased (p < .05) jejunal villus height. Supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced the expression of occludin and claudin in challenged or unchallenged piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced piglet growth performance, alleviated liver dysfunction and reduced immunological stress caused by LPS, as well as increased the intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianjie Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Chen J, Xu Q, Li Y, Tang Z, Sun W, Zhang X, Sun J, Sun Z. Comparative effects of dietary supplementations with sodium butyrate, medium-chain fatty acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of suckling piglets. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4256-4267. [PMID: 31504586 PMCID: PMC6776281 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of adding sodium butyrate (SB), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance and intestinal health of suckling piglets. Twenty-four sows (Landrace × Large-White hybrid; third parity; 200 ± 15 kg) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 diets: basal diet (control group), basal diet + 1 g SB/kg (SB group), basal diet + 7.75 g MCFA/kg (MCFA group), or basal diet + 68.2 g n-3 PUFA/kg (n-3 PUFA group). The experiment began on day 85 of gestation and ended day 22 of lactation. Colostrum samples were collected from each sow. After the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected from 1 randomly selected piglet. The results showed that the weaning-to-estrus interval of sows in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups was shorter than that of sows in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea in suckling piglets in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups was lower than that of piglets in the control group (P < 0.05). The fat, protein, IgA, IgG, and IgM concentration in colostrum from sows increased following dietary supplementation with SB, MCFA, or n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Comparison with the control group, the mRNA expression of claudin-1, zona occludens 1, and interleukin-10 increased in the jejunum mucosa of suckling piglets in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups, while that of TLR4 decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Chao1 and ACE indexes of microbial flora in the colon contents of piglets in the SB, MCFA, and MCFA groups increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Synergistetes decreased at the phylum level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, during late pregnancy and lactation, dietary SB supplementation had a greater effect on intestinal health and caused a greater decrease in preweaning mortality of suckling piglets than did dietary MCFA or n-3 PUFA supplementation; dietary MCFA supplementation shortened the weaning-to-estrus interval of sows to a greater extent than did dietary SB or n-3 PUFA supplementation; and dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation increased the fat and protein content in the colostrum to the greatest extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Chen
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhang H, Jin Y, Peng A, Guo S, Loor JJ, Wang H. L-Arginine protects ovine intestinal epithelial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1664417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Jin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Jiang J, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Zheng P. Improvement of growth performance and parameters of intestinal function in liquid fed early weanling pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2725-2738. [PMID: 31011749 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid feeding, a widely used technique, has been applied as a feeding technique commonly in global swine production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid feeding on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal barrier functions during the early weaning period in pigs. Three hundred and sixty 24-d-old weanling pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with BW of 6.98 ± 0.15 kg were randomly assigned to a control diet (dry fed basal diet, CON) or as meal mixed with water in the ratio 1:4 (liquid fed basal diet, LF) with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 weanling pigs per replicate. The study lasted 7 d. On days 4 to 7, fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients. After 7 d, 2 weanling pigs per pen were euthanized and physiological samples were obtained. Results showed that LF increased (P < 0.05) ADG (281 g vs. 183 g), ADFI (374 g vs. 245 g), and final BW (8.95 kg vs. 8.26 kg) compared with CON. Compared with CON, LF significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum cortisol and d-lactate concentrations as well as the activity of diamine oxidase, enhanced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ether extract and ash, increased (P < 0.05) the activities of amylase, lipase, and lactase in the jejunal mucosa. Furthermore, LF had higher (P < 0.05) villus height and villi height:crypt depth and increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factors-1 receptor (IGF-1R), claudin-2 (CLDN-2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) in the jejunum. Moreover, LF had lower (P < 0.05) abundances of total bacteria and Escherichia coli and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid in cecal digesta. Altogether, the results indicated that liquid feeding not only promoted growth performance but also improved intestinal health by enhancing gut barrier functions in weanling pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Yang Y, Huang J, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Effects of Stearic Acid on Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:157-166. [PMID: 31530264 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190917144127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearic acid (SA), a saturated long-chain fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon atoms, is widely found in feed ingredients, such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. However, the roles of SA in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that 0.01-0.1 mM SA promoted IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and did not affect IPEC-J2 cell viability. In addition, the results showed that the viability of IPEC-J2 cells was inhibited by SA in a time- and dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis suggested that SA induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in cells. In addition, the amounts of triglyceride were significantly increased upon challenge with SA. Moreover, the decrease in the viability of cells induced by SA could be attenuated by 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress. CONCLUSION In summary, SA accelerated IPEC-J2 cell differentiation at 0.01-0.1 mM. Furthermore, SA induced IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by causing ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.,Shandong Yihe Feed Co., Ltd. Yantai Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yantai City, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Effect of flaxseed oil on muscle protein loss and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a pig model after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:859-869. [PMID: 31524111 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the metabolic precursor of EPA and DHA. The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment including dietary treatment (5 % maize oil v. 5 % flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline v. LPS). On day 21 of treatment, the pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg body weight LPS or sterile saline. At 4 h after injection, blood, gastrocnemius muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation increased ALA, EPA, total n-3 PUFA contents, protein:DNA ratio and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex quantity in muscles (P < 0·05). In addition, flaxseed oil reduced mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) 2 and their downstream signalling molecules in muscles and decreased plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P < 0·05). Moreover, flaxseed oil inclusion increased the ratios of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) 1:total Akt1 and phosphorylated Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1:total FOXO1 and reduced mRNA expression of FOXO1, muscle RING finger (MuRF) 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in muscles (P < 0·05). These results suggest that flaxseed oil might have a positive effect on alleviating muscle protein loss and carbohydrates oxidation impairment induced by LPS challenge through regulation of the TLR4/NOD and Akt/FOXO signalling pathways.
Collapse
|
117
|
Zhang H, Peng A, Guo S, Wang M, Loor JJ, Wang H. Dietary N-carbamylglutamate and l-arginine supplementation improves intestinal energy status in intrauterine-growth-retarded suckling lambs. Food Funct 2019; 10:1903-1914. [PMID: 30869672 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01618f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the roles of l-arginine (Arg) and N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation in the diet in intestine damage, energy state, as well as the associated protein kinase signaling pathways activated by AMP in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs. A total of 48 newborn Hu lambs with a normal birth weight (CON) and those with IUGR were randomly divided into four groups, CON, IUGR, IUGR + 1% Arg, and IUGR + 0.1% NCG, with 12 animals in each group. All animals were fed for 21 days, from day 7-28, following birth. Our results indicated that the IUGR suckling Hu lambs in the Arg or NCG groups were associated with reduced (P < 0.05) plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid levels compared with IUGR suckling lambs. In addition, IUGR suckling Hu lambs in the Arg or NCG group were also linked with a higher (P < 0.05) villous height : crypt depth ratio (VCR), as well as villous height in the duodenum relative to those obtained for IUGR suckling Hu lambs. Relative to IUGR suckling Hu lambs, IUGR suckling Hu lambs in the Arg or NCG groups were found to have higher (P < 0.05) ATP, ADP and TAN contents, and AEC levels, and smaller (P < 0.05) AMP : ATP ratios in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Moreover, IUGR suckling Hu lambs in the Arg or NCG group were also linked with higher citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activities in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared with those found for IUGR suckling Hu lambs (P < 0.05), except for the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in the ileum. IUGR suckling Hu lambs in the Arg or NCG group were linked with a lower ratio of pAMPKα/tAMPKα and protein expression of Sirt1 and PGC1α in the ileum relative to those of the IUGR suckling Hu lambs (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings show that supplementation of NCG and Arg in the diet can ameliorate intestinal injury, improve energy status, motivate key enzyme activities in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and also inhibit the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in IUGR suckling Hu lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Li Z, Xu B, Lu Z, Wang Y. Effects of long-chain fatty acid supplementation on the growth performance of grower and finisher pigs: a meta-analysis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 31428366 PMCID: PMC6696677 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of feed with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) during the grower and finisher phases has long been discussed as a growth promotion strategy in pigs, but its effects are inconsistent. The purpose of our study was to comprehensively evaluate its effects on the growth performance based on the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain: feed (G:F) ratio and to unveil the roles of the basal diet, LCFA concentration and LCFA saturation. RESULTS We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases (articles published from Jan 1st, 2000, to Sep 30th, 2018; restricted to English) and compared LCFA-supplemented diets with control diets. We retrieved 2346 studies, 18 of which (1314 pigs, 26 records) were eligible for our analysis. We used a random-effects model to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). LCFA supplementation in the grower-finisher phase improved the ADG (WMD = 41.74 g/d, 95% CI: 8.81 to 74.66, P = 0.013) and G:F ratio (WMD = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.032, P = 0.003). For supplementation solely in the finisher phase, we found a similar performance in the ADG (WMD = 39.93 g/d, 95% CI: 26.48 to 53.38, P < 0.001) and G:F ratio (WMD = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.032, P < 0.001) but a reduction in the ADFI (WMD = - 83.863 g/d, 95% CI: - 156.157 to - 11.569, P = 0.023). Specifically, approximately 5% LCFA supplementation in the finisher phase had significant effects on the ADG (WMD = 51.385 g/d, 95% CI: 35.816 to 66.954, P < 0.001), ADFI (WMD = - 102.869 g/d, 95% CI: - 189.236 to - 16.502, P = 0.02) and G:F ratio (WMD = 0.028, 95% CI: 0.018 to 0.039, P < 0.001), whereas a concentration of approximately 1% exhibited no effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, regardless of the basal diet and saturation, LCFA supplementation greatly improves the growth performance of grower and finisher pigs, primarily by increasing the energy density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Wan J, Zhang J, Wu G, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Luo J, Mao X, Yu J, He J. Amelioration of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption by Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan in Weaned Pigs is Related to Suppressed Intestinal Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143485. [PMID: 31315208 PMCID: PMC6678621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection destroys the intestinal barrier integrity, in turn, disrupting intestinal homoeostasis. Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) is a water-soluble chitosan derivative with versatile biological properties. Herein, we examined whether LMWC could relieve ETEC-induced intestinal barrier damage in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments: (1) non-infected control; (2) ETEC-infected control; and (3) ETEC infection + LMWC supplementation (100 mg/kg). On day 12, pigs in the infected groups were administered 100 mL of ETEC at 2.6 × 109 colony-forming units/mL to induce intestinal barrier injury. Three days later, serum samples were obtained from all pigs, which were then slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. We evidenced that LMWC not only increased (P < 0.05) the occludin protein abundance but also decreased (P < 0.05) the interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and mast cell tryptase contents, and the apoptotic epithelial cell percentages, in the small intestine of ETEC-infected pigs. Furthermore, LMWC down-regulated (P < 0.05) the small intestinal expression levels of critical inflammatory- and apoptotic-related genes, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), as well as the intra-nuclear nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein abundance, in the ETEC-infected pigs. Our study indicated a protective effect of LMWC on ETEC-triggered intestinal barrier disruption in weaned pigs, which involves the repression of intestinal inflammatory responses via blocking the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and the depression of epithelial cell death via TNFR1-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α/cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathway associated with attenuation of intestinal mucosa inflammatory damage by Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:666-675. [PMID: 31177998 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier inflammatory damage is commonly accompanied by hypoxia. The hypothesis that dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides (ASPS) might modulate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signalling pathway and contribute to attenuate intestinal injury was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Thirty-six weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: (1) basal diet + saline challenge; (2) basal diet + LPS challenge; (3) basal diet with 800 mg/kg ASPS + LPS challenge. LPS was injected at 15, 18 and 21 d, and intestinal sections were sampled following blood collection at 21 d . The results showed ASPS reversed (P < 0·05) LPS-induced decrease in average daily feed intake and rise (P < 0·05) of diarrhoea incidence and index. Biochemical index reflecting gut barrier damage and function involving ileal pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and enzyme activity (diamine oxidase and lactase), as well as circulatory d-xylose, was normalised (P < 0·05) in LPS-challenged piglets receiving ASPS. ASPS also ameliorated intestinal morphological deterioration of LPS-challenged piglets, proved by elevated ileal villus height (P < 0·05) and improved appearance of epithelial villus and tight junction ultrastructure. Moreover, ASPS prevented LPS-induced amplification of inflammatory mediators, achieved by depressed ileal mRNA abundance of TNF-α, inducible NO synthase and IL-1β concentration. Importantly, ileal protein expressions of HIF-1α, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NFκB p65 were also suppressed with ASPS administration (P < 0·05). Collectively, these results suggest the improvement of mucosal inflammatory damage and diarrhoea in immune stress piglets is possibly associated with a novel finding where HIF-1α/COX-2 pathway down-regulation is involved in NFκB p65-inducible releasing of inflammatory cytokines by dietary ASPS.
Collapse
|
121
|
Zhang H, Peng A, Yu Y, Guo S, Wang M, Coleman DN, Loor JJ, Wang H. N-Carbamylglutamate and l-Arginine Promote Intestinal Absorption of Amino Acids by Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway and Amino Acid and Peptide Transporters in Suckling Lambs with Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Nutr 2019; 149:923-932. [PMID: 31149712 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and l-arginine (Arg) improve intestinal integrity, oxidative state, and immune function in Hu suckling lambs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Whether these treatments alter intestinal nutrient absorption is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary NCG and Arg treatment during the suckling period on intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption, alterations in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and the abundance of AA and peptide transporters in IUGR lambs. METHODS On day 7 after birth, 48 newborn Hu lambs were selected from a cohort of 424 twin lambs. Normal-birth-weight and IUGR Hu lambs were allocated randomly (n = 12/group) to a control (4.09 ± 0.12 kg), IUGR (3.52 ± 0.09 kg), IUGR + 0.1% NCG (3.49 ± 0.11 kg), or IUGR + 1% Arg (3.53 ± 0.10 kg). RESULTS At day 28, compared with the IUGR group, the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg had 7.4% and 7.2% greater (P < 0.05) body weight, respectively. Compared with the IUGR group, the serum concentration of insulin was greater (P < 0.05) and the cortisol was lower (P < 0.05) in the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg. Compared with the IUGR group, the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg had 13.2%-62.6% greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, and proline. Dietary NCG or Arg to IUGR lambs resulted in greater protein abundance (P < 0.05) of peptide transporter 1 (41.9% or 38.2%) in the ileum compared with the unsupplemented IUGR lambs, respectively. Furthermore, dietary NCG or Arg treatment normalized the IUGR-induced variation (P < 0.05) in the ileal ratio of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR protein. CONCLUSION Both NCG and Arg can help mitigate the negative effect of IUGR on nutrient absorption in neonatal lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Danielle N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhao W, Yuan M, Li P, Yan H, Zhang H, Liu J. Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides enhances intestinal barrier function by attenuating mucosa inflammation and altering colonic microbiota composition of weaning piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1612286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Honglin Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Sun S, Wu Y, Yu H, Su Y, Ren M, Zhu J, Ge X. Serum biochemistry, liver histology and transcriptome profiling of bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis following different dietary protein levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:832-839. [PMID: 30572126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein plays a major role in determining the rate of fish growth and overall health. Given that the liver is an important organ for metabolism and detoxification, we hypothesized that optimal dietary protein levels may benefit liver function. Herein, we investigated the effects of dietary protein level on serum biochemistry, liver histology and transcriptome profiling of juvenile bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis fed for 8 weeks on a diet supplemented with high protein (HP, 40%), low protein (LP, 24%) or optimal protein (OP, 32%; controls). The results revealed a significant change in liver morphology in LP and HP groups compared with the OP group, coupled with increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the liver transcriptome yielded 47 million high-quality reads using an Illumina platform, which were de novo assembled into 80,777 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) with an average length of 1021 bp. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis identified 878 and 733 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in liver in response to LP and HP diets, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs identified immune and metabolism-related pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, NF-κB signaling, complement and coagulation, peroxisome, nitrogen metabolism, PPAR signaling, and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Transcriptome profiling results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR for 16 selected DEGs. The findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary protein level on liver function in bighead carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yanli Su
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Wang C, Cao S, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Feng J, Hong Q, Lu J, Xie F, Peng Y, Hu C. Dietary Tributyrin Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation, Enhances Mitochondrial Function, and Induces Mitophagy in Piglets Challenged with Diquat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1409-1417. [PMID: 30599507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of butyric acid, in the form of tributyrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in diquat-challenged pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main effects of tributyrin supplementation and diquat challenge. The results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake of diquat-challenged pigs. Tributyrin elevated ( P < 0.05) the activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, reduced ( P < 0.05) malondialdehyde content, and increased ( P < 0.05) mRNA levels of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase of diquat-challenged pigs. Tributyrin relieved ( P < 0.05) intestinal inflammation reflected by decreased mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 in the intestine. Tributyrin reduced ( P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and d-lactate content, increased ( P < 0.05) transepithelial electrical resistance, decreased paracellular flux of dextran (4 kDa), and prevented the diquat-induced decrease ( P < 0.05) in the expressions of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. Tributyrin alleviated ( P < 0.05) diquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction shown by lowered reactive oxygen species, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased adenosine triphosphate content. Furthermore, tributyrin increased ( P < 0.05) expressions of mitophagy proteins (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 and Parkin), and ratio of light chain 3-II to light chain 3-I in intestine. Collectively, tributyrin attenuated oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and induced mitophagy in diquat-challenged pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Wang
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Qihua Hong
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 201807 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 201807 , P.R. China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Bellenger J, Bellenger S, Escoula Q, Bidu C, Narce M. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: An innovative strategy against obesity and related metabolic disorders, intestinal alteration and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Biochimie 2019; 159:66-71. [PMID: 30690133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is now widely recognized to be associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. It has been shown that high-fat feeding modulates gut microbiota which strongly increased intestinal permeability leading to lipopolysaccharide absorption causing metabolic endotoxemia that triggers inflammation and metabolic disorders. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown associated with anti-obesity properties, but results still remain heterogeneous and very few studies underlined the metabolic pathways involved. Thus, the use of Fat-1 transgenic mice allows to better understanding whether endogenous n-3 PUFAs enrichment contributes to obesity and associated metabolic disorders prevention. It specially evidence that such effects occur through modulations of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. Then, by remodeling gut microbiota, endogenous n-3 PUFAs improve HF/HS-diet induced features of the metabolic syndrome which in turn affects host metabolism. Thus, increasing anti-obesogenic microbial species in the gut microbiota population (i.e Akkermansia) by appropriate n-3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy to control or prevent metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bellenger
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR UMR1231, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France; INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France; LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR UMR1231, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France; INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France; LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR UMR1231, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France; INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France; LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000, Dijon, France; Valorex, La Messayais, 35210, Combourtillé, France
| | - Célia Bidu
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR UMR1231, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France; INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France; LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Narce
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR UMR1231, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France; INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France; LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Wang X, Wang W, Wang L, Yu C, Zhang G, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhao S, Hu CAA, Liu Y. Lentinan modulates intestinal microbiota and enhances barrier integrity in a piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Food Funct 2019; 10:479-489. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of lentinan may be associated with inhibition of inflammation, production of SCFAs, and alterations of microbiota composition.
Collapse
|
127
|
Medium-Chain Triglycerides Attenuate Liver Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Pigs by Inhibiting Necroptotic and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113697. [PMID: 30469452 PMCID: PMC6274951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury by down-regulating necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. A total of 24 pigs were randomly allotted to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design including diet (0 and 4% MCTs) and immunological challenge (saline and LPS). After three weeks of feeding with or without 4% MCTs, pigs were challenged with saline or LPS. MCTs led to a significant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. MCTs attenuated LPS-induced liver injury as indicated by an improvement in liver histomorphology and ultrastructural morphology of hepatocytes, a reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as an increase in claudin-1 protein expression. In addition, MCTs also reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations, liver TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression and protein concentrations and enhanced liver heat shock protein 70 protein expression in LPS-challenged pigs. Moreover, MCTs decreased mRNA expression of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIP) 3, mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 and inhibited MLKL phosphorylation in the liver. Finally, MCTs decreased liver mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD) 1 and multiple downstream signaling molecules. MCTs also suppressed LPS-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and increased extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in the liver. These results indicated that MCTs are capable of attenuating LPS-induced liver damage by suppressing hepatic necroptotic (RIP1/RIP3/MLKL) and inflammatory (TLR4/NOD1/p38 MAPK) signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
128
|
Alfawaz H, Al-Onazi M, Bukhari SI, Binobead M, Othman N, Algahtani N, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Alzeer HS, El-Ansary A. The Independent and Combined Effects of Omega-3 and Vitamin B12 in Ameliorating Propionic Acid Induced Biochemical Features in Juvenile Rats as Rodent Model of Autism. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:403-413. [PMID: 30284229 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites of proper fatty acids modulate the inflammatory response and are essential for normal brain development; equally, abnormal fatty acid metabolism plays a critical role in the pathology of autism. Currently, dietary supplements are often used to improve the core symptoms of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study analyzed the effects of orally supplemented omega-3 (ω-3) and vitamin B12 on ameliorating oxidative stress and impaired lipid metabolism in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced rodent model of autism, together with their effect on the gut microbial composition, where great fluctuations in the bacterial number and strains were observed; interestingly, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 induced higher growth of the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and decreased the survival rates of Clostridia sp. as well as other enteric bacterial strains. Thirty-five young male western albino rats were divided into five equal groups. The first group served as the control; the second group was given an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 days. The third group received an oral dose of ω-3 (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days after the 3-day PPA treatment. Group four was given an oral dose of vitamin B12 (16.7 mg/kg/day) for 30 days after PPA treatment. Finally, group five was given a combination of both ω-3 and vitamin B12 at the same dose for the same duration after PPA treatment. Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism were investigated in the brain homogenates of each group. The effects of the dietary supplements on the gut microbiota were also observed. The PPA-treated autistic model expressed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxides and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and significantly less glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) than the control group. However, a remarkable amelioration of most of the impaired markers was observed with oral supplementation with ω-3 and vitamin B12, either alone or in combination. Our results concluded that impairment at various steps of the lipid metabolic pathways may contribute to the development of autism; however, supplementation with ω-3 and vitamin B12 can result in a positive therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-Onazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Binobead
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Othman
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Algahtani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O box 22452, Riyadh, Zip code 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya S Alzeer
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Huber LA, Hooda S, Fisher-Heffernan RE, Karrow NA, de Lange CFM. Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4348-4359. [PMID: 30053222 PMCID: PMC6162592 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 newly weaned pigs (5.25 ± 0.15 kg BW) were used to determine the dietary omega-6-to-omega-3 (ω-6:ω-3) fatty acid ratio that optimized growth performance and immune responses when fed corn and soybean meal (SBM)-based diets with low protein quality. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (n = 6 pens per treatment; day 0 of study): [1] positive control (High; included animal proteins and 5% corn oil), [2] negative control (Low0; corn- and SBM-based and 5% corn oil), or 1 of 3 Low diets with increasing supplementation of fish oil to replace corn oil: [3] 1.25% (Low1.25), [4] 2.5% (Low2.5), [5] 5% (Low5) to achieve 5:1, 3:1, and 1:1 ω-6:ω-3 ratios, respectively. Pigs were fed dietary treatments in 2 phases for 7 and 14 d, respectively, followed by a common phase III diet for 21 d. On day 6 and 20, 12 pigs per treatment were immune sensitized with 0.5 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 0.5 mg Quil A adjuvant in 1 mL saline. The dermal hypersensitivity response (DHR) was evaluated on day 40 in these same pigs, using intradermal injection of OVA; changes in skin-fold thickness were measured. On day 21, 4 pigs per pen were immune challenged with LPS (30 µg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW) or saline (n = 12); rectal temperature was monitored over 3 h. During phase I only, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were greater for pigs fed the High diet vs. those fed the Low diet (P < 0.05), and increased with increasing fish oil supplementation up to 2.5% (Low2.5), but decreased for pigs fed the Low5 diet (quadratic; P < 0.05, P = 0.086, and P < 0.05 for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively). On day 21, LPS increased rectal temperature (vs. saline at 1-, 2-, and 3-h post-challenge; P < 0.001); fish oil supplementation reduced rectal temperature 2-h post-challenge in the Low-fed pigs (linear; P < 0.05). On day 22, serum haptoglobin was greatest for pigs fed Low0 and decreased with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P < 0.05). Immunization with OVA induced a serum anti-OVA IgG response, which was reduced on day 34 among pigs fed Low diets with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P = 0.050). On day 40, and 6 h after intradermal injection of OVA, the DHR was least for pigs fed the Low2.5 diet (P < 0.05). Inclusion of 2.5% fish oil (3:1, ω-6:ω-3) optimized growth performance during the early nursery phase when pigs were most sensitive to diets with low protein quality; the ideal ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio may differ when using immune responses as the major outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Hooda
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cao ST, Wang CC, Wu H, Zhang QH, Jiao LF, Hu CH. Weaning disrupts intestinal antioxidant status, impairs intestinal barrier and mitochondrial function, and triggers mitophagy in piglets. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1073-1083. [PMID: 29617867 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the influence of weaning on antioxidant status, intestinal integrity, mitochondrial function, and the mitophagy level in piglets (weaned at 21 d) during the 1 wk after weaning. The redox status was measured by antioxidant enzymes activities, related genes expression, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in jejunum. The intestinal barrier function was assessed by the Ussing chamber and expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum. The function of intestine mitochondria was measured by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and activities of mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation complexes. The levels of light chain 3-1 (LC3-I), light chain 3-II (LC3-II), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin were determined to investigate whether mitophagy is involved in the weaning process. The results showed that, as compared with the preweaning phase (d 0), weaning suppressed (P < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) on d 3 and d 7 postweaning, decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) on d 3 postweaning, declined (P < 0.05) the level of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) on d 3 and d 7 postweaning, and increased (P < 0.05) MDA content in jejunum on d 3 and d 7 postweaning. The jejunal transepithelial electrical resistance and levels of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 on d 3 and d 7 postweaning were reduced (P < 0.05), and paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanatedextran (4 kDa) on d 3 and d 7 postweaning was increased (P < 0.05). Weaning induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased (P < 0.05) content of mtDNA on d 3 and d 7 postweaning and declined (P < 0.05) activities of mitochondria complexes (I, II, III, IV) in jejunum on d 1, d 3, and d 7 postweaning. Weaning led to an increased (P < 0.05) expression level of mitophagy-related proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, in the intestinal mitochondria, as well as an enhancement (P < 0.05) of the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I content in the jejunal mucosa on d 1, d 3, and d 7 postweaning. These results suggest that weaning disrupted intestinal oxidative balance, and this imbalance may impair intestinal barrier and mitochondrial function and trigger mitophagy in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Cao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - C C Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q H Zhang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - L F Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - C H Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Bidu C, Escoula Q, Bellenger S, Spor A, Galan M, Geissler A, Bouchot A, Dardevet D, Morio B, Cani PD, Lagrost L, Narce M, Bellenger J. The Transplantation of ω3 PUFA-Altered Gut Microbiota of fat-1 Mice to Wild-Type Littermates Prevents Obesity and Associated Metabolic Disorders. Diabetes 2018; 67:1512-1523. [PMID: 29793999 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Altering the gut microbiome may be beneficial to the host and recently arose as a promising strategy to manage obesity. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-mediated alterations in the microbiota to metabolic parameter changes in mice. Four groups were compared: male fat-1 transgenic mice (with constitutive production of ω3 PUFAs) and male wild-type (WT) littermates fed an obesogenic (high fat/high sucrose [HFHS]) or a control diet. Unlike WT mice, HFHS-fed fat-1 mice were protected against obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Unlike WT mice, fat-1 mice maintained a normal barrier function, resulting in a significantly lower metabolic endotoxemia. The fat-1 mice displayed greater phylogenic diversity in the cecum, and fecal microbiota transplantation from fat-1 to WT mice was able to reverse weight gain and to normalize glucose tolerance and intestinal permeability. We concluded that the ω3 PUFA-mediated alteration of gut microbiota contributed to the prevention of metabolic syndrome in fat-1 mice. It occurred independently of changes in the PUFA content of host tissues and may represent a promising strategy to prevent metabolic disease and preserve a lean phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Bidu
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Unité de Formation Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Unité de Formation Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Unité de Formation Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aymé Spor
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Galan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1062 Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier SupAgro), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Audrey Geissler
- CellImap-Cellular Imaging Platform, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Dijon, France
| | - André Bouchot
- CellImap-Cellular Imaging Platform, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Unité Mixte de Recherche 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INSERM U1060, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées of Lyon, Rockefeller and Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud Medical Universities, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Welbio (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- L'Unité de Formation Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Narce
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Unité de Formation Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bellenger
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, L'Unité de Formation Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Lipides Nutrition Cancer UMR1231, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Li HH, Li YP, Zhu Q, Qiao JY, Wang WJ. Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum helps to improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:964-975. [PMID: 29851202 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was twofold: (i) to examine the effect of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal barrier function and (ii) to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhanced intestinal barrier function. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-eight weaned piglets were assigned randomly to either a basal diet or a C. butyricum-supplemented diet. On day 15, all pigs were orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 or saline. Clostridium butyricum decreased serum diamine oxidase activity and d-lactic acid concentration, as well as increased intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin) expression in ETEC K88-infected pigs. Moreover, C. butyricum decreased IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum and gut, whereas it increased IL-10 levels. Furthermore, C. butyricum downregulated NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression in ETEC K88-challenged pig gut, but did not affect apoptosis-associated speck-like protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Clostridium butyricum enhanced intestinal barrier function and inhibited apoptosis-associated speck-like protein-independent NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway in weaned piglets after ETEC K88 challenge. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The novelty of this study lies in the beneficial effects of C. butyricum on intestinal health, likely by improving intestinal barrier function and alleviating inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-H Li
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Y-P Li
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - J-Y Qiao
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - W-J Wang
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Zhang YG, Xia Y, Lu R, Sun J. Inflammation and intestinal leakiness in older HIV+ individuals with fish oil treatment. Genes Dis 2018; 5:220-225. [PMID: 30320186 PMCID: PMC6176151 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is a natural product that has shown efficacy for managing inflammatory conditions with few side effects. There is emerging evidence that crosstalks between gut epithelial cells and immune cells contribute to chronic infectious diseases. HIV-infected (HIV+) older adults show age-related co-morbidities at a younger age than their uninfected counterparts. Persistent inflammation related to the chronic viral infection and its sequelae is thought to contribute to this disparity. However, little is known about whether fish oil reduces intestinal inflammation in HIV + patients. We measure inflammation and gut barrier function in HIV + older adults (median age = 52, N = 33), following 12 weeks of fish oil supplementation (a total daily dose of 1.6 g of omega-3 fatty acids). We showed a reduction in inflammation and gut permeability as measured by CD14, inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The results indicate that older HIV + adults may benefit from a diet supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Wan Y, Fu Y, Wang F, Sinclair AJ, Li D. Protective Effects of a Lipid Extract from Hard-Shelled Mussel ( Mytilus coruscus) on Intestinal Integrity after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070860. [PMID: 29970837 PMCID: PMC6073703 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (HMLE) on intestinal integrity and the underlying mechanisms after a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in mice by using a 3 × 2 factorial design. Mice received olive oil, fish oil, and HMLE (n = 12 per group) by using gastric gavage for six weeks, respectively. Then half the mice in each group was injected intraperitoneally with LPS and the other half with phosphate buffered saline. Four hours after injection, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected. n-3 PUFAs were significantly enriched in erythrocytes following fish oil and HMLE supplementation. Both fish oil and HMLE improved intestinal morphology by restoring the ileac villus height and barrier function, which is indicated by decreased colonic myeloperoxidase activity and increased diamine oxidase activity as well as enhanced mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins known as occludin and claudin-1 when compared with olive oil. In addition, both fish oil and HMLE increased colon production and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, while they inhibited the abnormal production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 relative to the olive oil. Lastly, in comparison with olive oil, both fish oil and HMLE downregulated the TLR-4 signaling pathway by reducing the expression of two key molecules in this pathway, which are called TLR-4 and MyD88. These results suggest that HMLE had a protective effect on intestinal integrity after the LPS challenge, which was equivalent to that of fish oil. This effect might be associated with the regulation of inflammatory mediators and the inhibition of the TLR-4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- Institution of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Department of Maternal and Infant Nutrition Research, Beingmate Baby and Child Food Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311106, China.
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Locked Bag, Geelong 20000, Australia.
| | - Duo Li
- Institution of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Zhang C, Peng Y, Mu C, Zhu W. Ileum terminal antibiotic infusion affects jejunal and colonic specific microbial population and immune status in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:51. [PMID: 29988607 PMCID: PMC6027559 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared with oral antibiotics (primarily disrupt foregut microbiota), the present study used antibiotics with ileum terminal infusion to disrupt the hindgut microbiota, and investigated the changes in specific bacterial composition and immune indexes in the jejunum and colon, and serum of growing pigs. Twelve barrows (45 d of age, 12.08 ± 0.28 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum, were randomly assigned to two groups and infused either saline without antibiotics (Control) or with antibiotics (Antibiotic) at the terminal ileum. After 25 d experiment, all pigs were euthanized for analyzing bacterial composition and immune status. Results Ileum terminal antibiotic infusion (ITAI) altered dominant bacteria counts, with a decrease in Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster IV and Clostridium cluster IV in the colon (P < 0.05), and an increase in Escherichia coli in the jejunum (P < 0.05). ITAI decreased (P < 0.05) short-chain fatty acids concentrations in the colon. ITAI decreased interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations, and down-regulated IL-10, Mucin-1 (MUC1), Mucin-2 (MUC2) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa (P < 0.05). In the jejunal mucosa, ITAI decreased interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), sIgA and IgG levels together with down-regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, MUC2 and ZO-1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ITAI decreased IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α, IgA and IgG concentrations in serum (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the change in intestinal microbiota was correlated with alterations of Ig and cytokines. Conclusions ITAI affected jejunal and colonic specific bacteria counts, and altered some immune markers levels in the jejunal and colonic mucosa and serum. These findings implicate the potential contribution of hindgut bacteria to immune response in the intestinal mucosa and serum of growing pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0265-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yu Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal barrier functions by suppressing mucosa inflammation and improving antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:84-92. [PMID: 29986311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier plays key roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Inflammation and oxidative damage can severely destroy the intestinal integrity of mammals. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol present in human diet and plants, possessing potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of CGA and its molecular mechanisms on intestinal barrier function in a porcine model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allotted to two groups and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 1000 mg/kg CGA. The results showed that CGA decreased serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase levels, and enhanced the expression and localization of claudin-1 protein in apical intercellular region of small intestinal epithelium. Interestingly, CGA significantly decreased the mucosa histamine and tryptase contents, as well as the tryptase-positive mast cell counts. Moreover, the expression levels of critical inflammation molecules (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor-κB) were down-regulated by CGA in jejunal and ileal mucosa. However, the expression levels of inflammation repressors (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and toll-interacting protein) were up-regulated by CGA. Importantly, CGA decreased the malondialdehyde content but elevated glutathione peroxidase and catalase content in duodenal and jejunal mucosa. The expression levels of critical molecules in antioxidant signaling (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1) were elevated by CGA in duodenal and jejunal mucosa. These results suggested that CGA could ameliorate intestinal barrier disruption in weaned pigs, which might be mediated by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
137
|
Cao S, Zhang Q, Wang C, Wu H, Jiao L, Hong Q, Hu C. LPS challenge increased intestinal permeability, disrupted mitochondrial function and triggered mitophagy of piglets. Innate Immun 2018; 24:221-230. [PMID: 29642727 PMCID: PMC6830921 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918769372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the influence of LPS-induced gut injury on antioxidant homeostasis, mitochondrial (mt) function and the level of mitophagy in piglets. The results showed that LPS-induced intestinal injury decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance, increased the paracellular permeability of F1TC dextran 4 kDa, and decreased the expression of claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum compared with the control group. LPS decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and increased the content of malondialdehyde in the jejunum. Meanwhile, the expression of SOD-related genes ( Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD) and GSH-Px-related genes ( GPX-1, GPX-4) declined in LPS-challenged pigs compared with the control. LPS also increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA expression. LPS induced mt dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased membrane potential of intestinal mitochondria, intestinal content of mt DNA and activities of the intestinal mt respiratory chain. Furthermore, LPS induced an increase in expression of mitophagy related proteins, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK1) and Parkin in the intestinal mitochondria, as well as an enhancement of the ratio of light chain 3-II (LC3-II) to LC3-I content in the jejunal mucosa. These results suggested that LPS-induced intestinal injury accompanied by disrupted antioxidant homeostasis, caused mt dysfunction and triggered mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - ChunChun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Qihua Hong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key
Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou,
China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zhu H, Wang H, Wang S, Tu Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Hou Y, Wang C, Chen J, Liu Y. Flaxseed Oil Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Inflammation by Regulating Necroptosis and TLR4/NOD Signaling Pathways Following Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in a Piglet Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700814. [PMID: 29510469 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Flaxseed oil is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the precursor of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This study investigates the protective effect of flaxseed oil against intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND RESULTS Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (5% corn oil vs 5% flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline vs LPS). On day 21 of the experiment, pigs were administrated with LPS or saline. At 2 h and 4 h post-administration, blood samples were collected. After the blood harvest at 4 h, all piglets were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation led to the enrichment of ALA, EPA, and total n-3 PUFAs in intestine. Flaxseed oil improved intestinal morphology, jejunal lactase activity, and claudin-1 protein expression. Flaxseed oil downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal necroptotic signals. Flaxseed oil also downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins 1, 2 (NOD1, NOD2) and its adapter molecule, receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2). CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary addition of flaxseed oil enhances intestinal integrity and barrier function, which is involved in modulating necroptosis and TLR4/NOD signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiao Tu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunwei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Xun W, Shi L, Zhou H, Hou G, Cao T. Effect of weaning age on intestinal mucosal morphology, permeability, gene expression of tight junction proteins, cytokines and secretory IgA in Wuzhishan mini piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1426397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xun
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Liguang Shi
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Ting Cao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Tang R, Lin YM, Liu HX, Wang ES. Neuroprotective effect of docosahexaenoic acid in rat traumatic brain injury model via regulation of TLR4/NF-Kappa B signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:64-71. [PMID: 29597004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experiments were conducted to prove that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alleviates traumatic brain injury (TBI) through regulating TLR4/NF-Kappa B signaling pathway. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was performed using published data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury rat model was built, and DHA (16 mg/kg in DMSO, once each day) was used to treat TBI rats. Neurological severity score (NSS) and beam walking test and rotarod test were used to confirm whether DHA is neuron-protective against TBI. The expression of TLR4, NF-Kappa B p65, (TNF)-α and IL-1β were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The impact of DHA on neurocyte apoptosis was validated by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. The influence of DHA on CD11b and GFAP expression in the hippocampus was determined through immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS TLR4/NF Kappa B pathway was suggested to be closely correlated with TBI by bioinformatic analysis. DHA could improve the neurological function and learning and memory ability of rats after TBI as well as promote neurocytes from apoptosis. TLR4 expression and the expression of inflammatory mediator NF-Kappa B were also repressed by DHA treatment. CONCLUSIONS DHA exerted a neuron-protective influence in a rat model of TBI via repressing TLR4/NF-Kappa B pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ri Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China
| | - Yi-Mei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fuqing City Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuqing, 350300, Fujian, China
| | - Hong-Xing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Er-Song Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer M, Nürnberg G, Schmicke M, Kanitz E. Sea Buckthorn Pomace Supplementation in the Diet of Growing Pigs-Effects on Fatty Acid Metabolism, HPA Activity and Immune Status. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020596. [PMID: 29466282 PMCID: PMC5855818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that sea buckthorn, as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), possesses health-enhancing properties and may modulate neuroendocrine and immune functions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) supplementation in the diet of growing German Landrace pigs on fatty acids in the blood and hypothalamus, peripheral immune parameters and mRNA expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hypothalamus and spleen. Pigs were fed diets supplemented with 12% of dried SBP or 0% SBP (control group) over an intervention period of eight weeks. The fatty acid profiles in blood plasma were significantly affected by SBP supplementation only for C18:2n-6 and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio compared with the control group. SBP supplementation did not significantly affect the fatty acid concentrations in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression of CRH, MR and GR in the hypothalamus or of GR mRNA expression in the spleen. Concerning the immune status, the plasma IgG levels tended to be higher in SBP pigs, whereas the leukocyte distribution, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and serum IgM levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, the SBP supplementation of the diet only caused moderate effects on fatty acid metabolism, but no significant effects on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) activity and immunity in growing pigs. It seems that a beneficial effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on health and welfare is more likely to be expected during stressful situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institutes of Muscle Biology and Growth, Behavioural Physiology, and Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany.
| | - Margret Tuchscherer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institutes of Muscle Biology and Growth, Behavioural Physiology, and Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany.
| | - Gerd Nürnberg
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institutes of Muscle Biology and Growth, Behavioural Physiology, and Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany.
| | - Marion Schmicke
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Cattle Endocrinology Laboratory, 30173 Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Germany.
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institutes of Muscle Biology and Growth, Behavioural Physiology, and Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Hellwing C, Schoeniger A, Roessler C, Leimert A, Schumann J. Lipid raft localization of TLR2 and its co-receptors is independent of membrane lipid composition. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4212. [PMID: 29312832 PMCID: PMC5757419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll like receptors (TLRs) are an important and evolutionary conserved class of pattern recognition receptors associated with innate immunity. The recognition of Gram-positive cell wall constituents strongly depends on TLR2. In order to be functional, TLR2 predominantly forms a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 within specialized membrane microdomains, the lipid rafts. The membrane lipid composition and the physicochemical properties of lipid rafts are subject to modification by exogenous fatty acids. Previous investigations of our group provide evidence that macrophage enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induces a reordering of lipid rafts and non-rafts based on the incorporation of supplemented PUFA as well as their elongation and desaturation products. METHODS In the present study we investigated potential constraining effects of membrane microdomain reorganization on the clustering of TLR2 with its co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6 within lipid rafts. To this end, RAW264.7 macrophages were supplemented with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (AA) and analyzed for receptor expression and microdomain localization in context of TLR stimulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that receptor levels and microdomain localization were unchanged by PUFA supplementation. The TLR2 pathway, in contrast to the TLR4 signaling cascade, is not affected by exogenous PUFA at the membrane level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hellwing
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Roessler
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Leimert
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Schumann
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Alginate oligosaccharide enhances intestinal integrity of weaned pigs through altering intestinal inflammatory responses and antioxidant status. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13482-13492. [PMID: 35542522 PMCID: PMC9079839 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01943f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), prepared from depolymerised alginate, a natural polysaccharide occurring in the cell walls of brown algae, provides beneficial effects for intestinal health. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AOS supplementation maintains the intestinal integrity of weaned pigs remain obscure. Here, we aimed to determine how AOS modulates the intestinal integrity of weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were assigned to two treatments: a control group (basal diet) and an AOS group (the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg−1 AOS). On day 15, eight pigs per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for serum and intestinal samples. We observed that AOS supplementation enhanced the intestinal integrity, as evidenced by the increased (P < 0.05) intestinal occludin protein abundance. Compared to the control group, AOS ingestion both elevated (P < 0.05) the jejunal and ileal catalase activity and decreased (P < 0.05) the duodenal and jejunal tumour necrosis factor-α concentration and mast cell tryptase expression. Furthermore, AOS down-regulated (P < 0.05) the duodenal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its down-stream signals, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mRNA levels, as well as jejunal nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein 1 (NOD1) and its adaptor molecule, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), mRNA levels. Additionally, phospho-nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB) p65 protein abundance in the duodenum and jejunum was down-regulated (P < 0.05) following AOS supplementation. According to the above results, the enhanced intestinal integrity in AOS-supplemented pigs appears to be associated with the elevated antioxidant capacity and the reduced mast cell degranulation, as well as the inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines production via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and NOD1/NF-κB signalling pathways. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), prepared from depolymerised alginate, a natural polysaccharide occurring in the cell walls of brown algae, provides beneficial effects for intestinal health.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Zhang LL, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang T. Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on intestinal morphology and energy metabolism of intrauterine growth retarded weanling piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:231-245. [PMID: 28429991 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1312812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that there is a relationship between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and postnatal intestinal damage involved in energy deficits. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on the intestinal morphology, intestinal function and energy metabolism of piglets with IUGR. At weaning (21 ± 1.1 d of age), 24 IUGR piglets and 24 normal birth weight (NBW) piglets were selected according to their birth weights (BW) (IUGR: 0.95 ± 0.04 kg BW; NBW: 1.58 ± 0.04 kg BW) and their weights at the time of weaning (IUGR: 5.26 ± 0.15 kg BW; NBW: 6.98 ± 0.19 kg BW). The piglets were fed a diet of either long-chain triglycerides (LCT) (containing 5% LCT) or MCT (containing 1% LCT and 4% MCT) for 28 d. Then, the piglets' intestinal morphology, biochemical parameters and mRNA abundance related to intestinal damage and energy metabolism were determined. IUGR was found to impair intestinal morphology, with evidence of decreased villus height and increased crypt depth; however, these negative effects of IUGR were ameliorated by MCT treatment. IUGR piglets showed compromised intestinal digestion and absorption functions when compared with NBW piglets. However, feeding MCT increased the maltase activity in the jejunum and alleviated IUGR-induced reductions in plasma d-xylose concentrations and jejunal sucrase activity. IUGR decreased the efficiency of the piglets' intestinal energy metabolism; however, piglets fed an MCT diet exhibited increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and ATP synthase F1 complex beta polypeptide expression, as well as decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase alpha 1 expression in the jejunum of piglets. In addition, up-regulation of the piglets' citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase levels was found to occur following MCT treatment at both the activity and the transcriptional levels of the jejunum. Therefore, it can be postulated that MCT treatment has beneficial effects in alleviating IUGR-induced intestinal morphologic damage, which is associated with improved intestinal energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hao Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Tian Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zhou X, Zhang Y, He L, Wan D, Liu G, Wu X, Yin Y. Serine prevents LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage via p53-dependent glutathione synthesis and AMPK activation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
146
|
Wang CC, Wu H, Lin FH, Gong R, Xie F, Peng Y, Feng J, Hu CH. Sodium butyrate enhances intestinal integrity, inhibits mast cell activation, inflammatory mediator production and JNK signaling pathway in weaned pigs. Innate Immun 2017; 24:40-46. [PMID: 29183244 PMCID: PMC6830759 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917741970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate on the intestinal barrier and mast cell activation, as well as inflammatory mediator production, and determine whether mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways are involved in these processes. A total of 72 piglets, weaned at 28 ± 1 d age, were allotted to two dietary treatments (control vs. 450 mg/kg sodium butyrate) for 2 wk. The results showed that supplemental sodium butyrate increased daily gain, improved intestinal morphology, as indicated by greater villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio, and intestinal barrier function reflected by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular flux of dextran (4 kDa). Moreover, sodium butyrate reduced the percentage of degranulated mast cells and its inflammatory mediator content (histamine, tryptase, TNF-α and IL-6) in the jejunum mucosa. Sodium butyrate also decreased the expression of mast cell-specific tryptase, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA. Sodium butyrate significantly decreased the phosphorylated ratio of JNK whereas not affecting the phosphorylated ratios of ERK and p38. The results indicated that the protective effects of sodium butyrate on intestinal integrity were closely related to inhibition of mast cell activation and inflammatory mediator production, and that the JNK signaling pathway was likely involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chun Wang
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wu
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Hui Lin
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Gong
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xie
- 2 Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Peng
- 2 Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai Hong Hu
- 1 Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Lee SI, Kang KS. Function of capric acid in cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and barrier function in pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16530. [PMID: 29184078 PMCID: PMC5705592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is not only critical for nutrient absorption, but also serves as an important immune organ. Medium-chain fatty acids have nutritional and metabolic effects and support the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. However, their roles in intestinal immunity in pigs are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of a medium-chain fatty acid, capric acid, on intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier function in porcine epithelial cells and miniature pigs after treatment with the immune suppressant cyclophosphamide. Capric acid alleviated inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) and related gene expression (NF-κB, TNF-α, IFN-γ), alleviated oxidative stress (GSSG/GSH ratio, H2O2, and malondialdehyde), and increased oxidative stress-related gene expression (SOD1 and GCLC) in cyclophosphamide-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The permeability of FD-4 and expression of ZO-1 and OCLN in cyclophosphamide-treated IPEC-J2 cells were reduced by capric acid. Dietary capric acid reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels and increased SOD, GPx, and the expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier functions in cyclophosphamide-treated miniature pigs. These results revealed that capric acid has protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced small intestinal dysfunction in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kang
- Bio Division, Medikinetics, Inc., Hansan-gil, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Jiao L, Wang CC, Wu H, Gong R, Lin FH, Feng J, Hu C. Copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite influences intestinal integrity, the expression of genes associated with inflammation, TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge. Innate Immun 2017; 23:648-655. [PMID: 28958208 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917733033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether dietary copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) could alleviate Escherichia coli LPS-induced intestinal injury through pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways (TLRs, NLRs and TGF-β1) in weaned piglets. Eighteen 21-d-old pigs were randomly divided into three groups (control, LPS and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt). After 21 d of feeding, pigs in the LPS group and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt group received i.p. administration of LPS, whereas pigs in the control group received saline. At 4 h post-injection, jejunum samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that, compared with the LPS group, supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt increased transepithelial electrical resistance, the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1) in mRNA and protein levels, and decreased FD4 and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β). The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways results demonstrated that Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream signals (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) but had no effect on NOD1 and NOD2 signals. Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation did not affect NF-κB p65 mRNA abundance, but down-regulated its protein expression. The anti-inflammatory signaling pathways results showed supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt also increased TβRII, Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions. These findings suggested dietary Cu/Zn-Mt attenuated LPS-induced intestinal injury by alleviating intestinal inflammation, influencing TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pig.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Chun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Hui Lin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Glutamate alleviates muscle protein loss by modulating TLR4, NODs, Akt/FOXO and mTOR signaling pathways in LPS-challenged piglets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182246. [PMID: 28783736 PMCID: PMC5544224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of the glutamate (Glu) on muscle protein loss through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (NODs), Akt/Forkhead Box O (Akt/FOXO) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways in LPS-challenged piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were assigned into four treatments: (1) Control; (2) LPS+0% Glu; (3) LPS + 1.0% Glu; (4) LPS + 2.0% Glu. The experiment was lasted for 28 days. On d 28, the piglets in the LPS challenged groups were injected with LPS on 100 μg/kg body weight (BW), and the piglets in the control group were injected with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. After 4 h LPS or saline injection, the piglets were slaughtered and the muscle samples were collected. Glu supplementation increased the protein/DNA ratio in gastrocnemius muscle, and the protein content in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle after LPS challenge (P<0.05). In addition, Glu supplementation decreased TLR4, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIPK) 2, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscle (P<0.05), MyD88 mRNA expression in LD muscle, and FOXO1 mRNA expression in LD muscle (P<0.05). Moreover, Glu supplementation increased p-Akt/t-Akt ratio (P<0.05) in gastrocnemius muscle, and p-4EBP1/t-4EBP1 ratio in both gastrocnemius and LD muscles (P<0.05). Glu supplementation in the piglets' diets might be an effective strategy to alleviate LPS-induced muscle protein loss, which might be due to suppressing the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NODs signaling-related genes, and modulating Akt/FOXO and mTOR signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
150
|
Statovci D, Aguilera M, MacSharry J, Melgar S. The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front Immunol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28804483 PMCID: PMC5532387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host’s physiological responses or by directly targeting the host response. The microbial community in the mammalian gut is a complex and dynamic system crucial for the development and maturation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the complex interaction between available nutrients, the microbiota, and the immune system are central regulators in maintaining homeostasis and fighting against invading pathogens at mucosal sites. Westernized diet, defined as high dietary intake of saturated fats and sucrose and low intake of fiber, represent a growing health risk contributing to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes and obesity in countries adapting a westernized lifestyle. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma are chronic mucosal inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology with increasing prevalence worldwide. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses. Their increased prevalence cannot solely be attributed to genetic considerations implying that other factors such as diet can be a major contributor. Recent reports indicate that the gut microbiota and modifications thereof, due to a consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and low in fibers, can trigger factors regulating the development and/or progression of both conditions. While asthma is a disease of the airways, increasing evidence indicates a link between the gut and airways in disease development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the impact of westernized diet and associated nutrients on immune cell responses and the microbiota and how these can influence the pathology of IBD and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donjete Statovci
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|