101
|
The Immunomodulatory Small Molecule Imiquimod Induces Apoptosis in Devil Facial Tumour Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168068. [PMID: 27936237 PMCID: PMC5148113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is threatened by devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). This transmissible cancer is usually fatal, and no successful treatments have been developed. In human studies, the small immunomodulatory molecule imiquimod is a successful immunotherapy, activating anti-tumour immunity via stimulation of toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) signaling pathways. In addition, imiquimod is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human tumour cell lines via TLR7 independent mechanisms. Here we investigate the potential of imiquimod as a DFTD therapy through analysis of treated DFTD cell lines and Tasmanian devil fibroblasts. WST-8 proliferation assays and annexin V apoptosis assays were performed to monitor apoptosis, and changes to the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were analysed using qRT-PCR. Our results show that DFTD cell lines, but not Tasmanian devil fibroblasts, are sensitive to imiquimod-induced apoptosis in a time and concentration dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis was accompanied by down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and BCLXL genes, and up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic BIM gene. Continuous imiquimod treatment was required for these effects to occur. These results demonstrate that imiquimod can deregulate DFTD cell growth and survival in direct and targeted manner. In vivo, this may increase DFTD vulnerability to imiquimod-induced TLR7-mediated immune responses. Our findings have improved the current knowledge of imiquimod action in tumour cells for application to both DFTD and human cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
102
|
Klein JC, Wild CA, Lang S, Brandau S. Differential immunomodulatory activity of tumor cell death induced by cancer therapeutic toll-like receptor ligands. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:689-700. [PMID: 27034235 PMCID: PMC11029710 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands stimulate defined immune cell subsets and are currently tested as novel immunotherapeutic agents against cancer with, however, varying clinical efficacy. Recent data showed the expression of TLR receptors also on tumor cells. In this study we investigated immunological events associated with the induction of tumor cell death by poly(I:C) and imiquimod. A human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line was exposed to poly(I:C) and imiquimod, which were delivered exogenously via culture medium or via electroporation. Cell death and cell biological consequences thereof were analyzed. For in vivo analyses, a human xenograft and a syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model were used. Poly(I:C) induced cell death only if delivered by electroporation into the cytosol. Cell death induced by poly(I:C) resulted in cytokine release and activation of monocytes in vitro. Monocytes activated by the supernatant of cancer cells previously exposed to poly(I:C) recruited significantly more Th1 cells than monocytes exposed to control supernatants. If delivered exogenously, imiquimod also induced tumor cell death and some release of interleukin-6, but cell death was not associated with release of Th1 cytokines, interferons, monocyte activation and Th1 recruitment. Interestingly, intratumoral injection of poly(I:C) triggered tumor cell death in tumor-bearing mice and reduced tumor growth independent of TLR signaling on host cells. Imiquimod did not affect tumor size. Our data suggest that common cancer therapeutic RNA compounds can induce functionally diverse types of cell death in tumor cells with implications for the use of TLR ligands in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Klein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Research Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Clarissa A Wild
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Research Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
- Research Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Yang J, Qin N, Zhang H, Yang R, Xiang B, Wei Q. Cellular uptake of exogenous calcineurin B is dependent on TLR4/MD2/CD14 complexes, and CnB is an endogenous ligand of TLR4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24346. [PMID: 27090571 PMCID: PMC4835703 DOI: 10.1038/srep24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that recombinant calcineurin B (rhCnB) stimulates cytokine secretion by immune cells, probably through TLR4. Exogenous CnB can be incorporated into many different tumour cells in vitro, but the mode of uptake and receptors required remain unknown. Here, we report that exogenous CnB is taken up by cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated internalization. Our findings further confirm that uptake is mediated by the TLR4/MD2 complex together with the co-receptor CD14. The MST results revealed a high affinity between CnB and the TLR4 receptor complex. No binding was detected between CnB and LPS. CnB inhibited the uptake of LPS, and LPS also inhibited the uptake of CnB. These results indicate that the uptake of exogenous CnB did not occur through LPS and that CnB was not a chaperone of LPS. Thus, we conclude that TLR4 receptor complexes were required for the recognition and internalization of exogenous CnB. CnB could be a potential endogenous ligand of TLR4 and function as an agonist of TLR4. These properties of CnB support its potential for development as an anti-cancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Yu DS, Wu CL, Ping SY, Keng C, Shen KH. Bacille Calmette-Guerin can induce cellular apoptosis of urothelial cancer directly through toll-like receptor 7 activation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 31:391-7. [PMID: 26228277 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation is the mainstay treatment modality for superficial urothelial cancer (UC) through toll-like receptor (TLR) activation of cognitive immune response. We investigated the roles of TLR7 in the activation of apoptosis in UC cells after BCG treatment. The in vitro cytotoxicity effect of BCG on UC cells was measured by a modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay. Expressions of TLR7 mRNA and protein in native UC cells prior to and after BCG treatment were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot methods. Phagocytotic processes after BCG treatment in UC cells were observed microscopically using a specific immunostain, subsequent cellular apoptosis-related signals induced by TLR7 were analyzed by western blot. Low-grade UC cells, TSGH8301, showed significant cellular death (4.23-fold higher than the high-grade UC cells T24 and J82) when treated with BCG and the BCG cytotoxicity was displayed in a dose-time-dependent manner. TSGH8301 cells had the highest content of TLR7 mRNA, 7.2- and 4.5-fold higher than that of T24 and J82 cells, respectively. TLR7 protein expression was also significantly increased in TSGH8301 cells. Phagocytosis-related markers, including beclin 1, ATG2, and LC3, were increased when TSGH8301 cells were treated by BCG. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 2 and 4 were also increased markedly in TSGH8301 cells. On the contrary, cellular apoptosis of TSGH8301 cells decreased by 34% when TLR7 activation was suppressed by the TLR antagonist IRS661 after BCG treatment. Our findings suggest that well differentiated TCC cells have higher expression of TLR7 and BCG can drive cellular death of TCC cells directly via TLR7 activation and related apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Shyong Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Ping
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Keng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Ayari C, Besançon M, Bergeron A, LaRue H, Bussières V, Fradet Y. Poly(I:C) potentiates Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:223-34. [PMID: 26759009 PMCID: PMC11029542 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific immunotherapy consisting of intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the best available treatment to prevent non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor recurrence and progression. This treatment however is suboptimal, and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in the activation of the immune system in response to pathogens and danger signals but also in anti-tumor responses. We previously showed that human urothelial cells express functional TLRs and respond to TLR2 and TLR3 agonists. In this study, we analyzed the potential of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a TLR3 agonist, to replace or complement BCG in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We observed that poly(I:C) had an anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effect in vitro on two low-grade human bladder cancer cell lines, MGH-U3 and RT4. In MGH-U3 cells, poly(I:C) induced growth arrest at the G1-S transition. Poly(I:C) also increased the immunogenicity of MGH-U3 and RT4 cells, inducing the secretion of MHC class I molecules and of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By comparison, poly(I:C) had less in vitro impact on two high-grade human bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and T24, and on MBT-2 murine high-grade bladder cancer cells. The latter can be used as an immunocompetent model of bladder cancer. The combination poly(I:C)/BCG was much more effective in reducing MBT-2 tumor growth in mice than either treatment alone. It completely cured 29% of mice and also induced an immunological memory response. In conclusion, our study suggests that adding poly(I:C) to BCG may enhance the therapeutic effect of BCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherifa Ayari
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Marjorie Besançon
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Hélène LaRue
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Bussières
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Papakostas D, Stockfleth E. Topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma with the immune response modifier imiquimod. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2985-90. [PMID: 26450707 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, is a novel immune response modifier currently widely used in the treatment of actinic keratoses (in situ squamous cell carcinoma). Imiquimod has revolutionized the treatment of field cancerization and has been approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma with the recommendation of a 6-week treatment strategy, offering an alternative to surgery or other destructive treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papakostas
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, A Syggros Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 5, I. Dragoumi Str. 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Allergology, Catholic Clinic Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44971 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Iribarren K, Bloy N, Buqué A, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Špíšek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunostimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1088631. [PMID: 27141345 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1088631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists efficiently boost tumor-targeting immune responses (re)initiated by most, if not all, paradigms of anticancer immunotherapy. Moreover, TLR agonists have been successfully employed to ameliorate the efficacy of various chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents, at least in rodent tumor models. So far, only three TLR agonists have been approved by regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Moreover, over the past decade, the interest of scientists and clinicians in these immunostimulatory agents has been fluctuating. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Iribarren
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Radek Špíšek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Shinchi H, Crain B, Yao S, Chan M, Zhang SS, Ahmadiiveli A, Suda Y, Hayashi T, Cottam HB, Carson DA. Enhancement of the Immunostimulatory Activity of a TLR7 Ligand by Conjugation to Polysaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1713-23. [PMID: 26193334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from microbes. Synthetic small molecule TLR7 agonists have been extensively evaluated as topical agents for antiviral and anticancer therapy, and as adjuvants for vaccine. However, safe and reproducible administration of synthetic TLR7 ligands has been difficult to achieve due to undesirable pharmacokinetics and unacceptable side effects. Here, we conjugated a versatile low molecular weight TLR7 ligand to various polysaccharides in order to improve its water solubility, enhance its potency, and maintain low toxicity. The synthetic TLR7 ligand, 2-methoxyethoxy-8-oxo-9-(4-carboxy benzyl)adenine, designated 1V209, was stably conjugated to primary amine functionalized Ficoll or dextran using benzoic acid functional groups. The conjugation ratios using specified equivalents of TLR7 ligand were dose responsive and reproducible. The zeta potential value of the polysaccharides was decreased in inverse proportion to the ratio of conjugated TLR7 ligand. These conjugates were highly water-soluble, stable for at least 6 months at room temperature in aqueous solution, and easy to lyophilize and reconstitute without altering potency. In vitro studies with murine mononuclear leukocytes showed that the TLR7 agonist conjugated to polysaccharides had 10- to 1000-fold higher potencies than the unconjugated TLR7 ligand. In vivo pharmacodynamics studies after injection indicate that the conjugates induced systemic cytokine production. When the conjugates were used as vaccine adjuvants, they enhanced antigen specific humoral and cellular immune responses to a much greater extent than did unconjugated TLR7 ligands. These results indicated that small molecule TLR7 ligands conjugated to polysaccharides have improved immunostimulatory potency and pharmacodynamics. Polysaccharides can be conjugated to a variety of molecules such as antigens, peptides, and TLR ligands. Therefore, such conjugates could represent a versatile platform for the development of vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Brian Crain
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Michael Chan
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shannon S Zhang
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Alast Ahmadiiveli
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Yasuo Suda
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Howard B Cottam
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Dennis A Carson
- †Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Madera L, Greenshields A, Coombs MRP, Hoskin DW. 4T1 Murine Mammary Carcinoma Cells Enhance Macrophage-Mediated Innate Inflammatory Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133385. [PMID: 26177198 PMCID: PMC4503418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and the immune response are intricately linked. While it is known that cancers alter macrophage inflammatory responses to promote tumor progression, little is known regarding how cancers affect macrophage-dependent innate host defense. In this study, murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were exposed to murine carcinoma-conditioned media prior to assessment of the macrophage inflammatory response. BMDMs exposed to 4T1 mammary carcinoma-conditioned medium demonstrated enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and CCL2 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while production of interleukin-10 remained unchanged. The increased LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was transient and correlated with enhanced cytokine production in response to other Toll-like receptor agonists, including peptidoglycan and flagellin. In addition, 4T1-conditioned BMDMs exhibited strengthened LPS-induced nitric oxide production and enhanced phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. 4T1-mediated augmentation of macrophage responses to LPS was partially dependent on the NFκB pathway, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and actin polymerization, as well as the presence of 4T1-secreted extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages obtained from 4T1 tumor-bearing mice displayed enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS. These results suggest that uptake of 4T1-secreted factors and actin-mediated ingestion of 4T1-secreted exosomes by macrophages cause a transient enhancement of innate inflammatory responses. Mammary carcinoma-mediated regulation of innate immunity may have significant implications for our understanding of host defense and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Madera
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Greenshields
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Scott ME, Ma Y, Farhat S, Moscicki AB. Expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors predicts HPV16 clearance associated with an E6-directed cell-mediated response. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:2402-8. [PMID: 25346143 PMCID: PMC4355215 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), important in rapid clearance of incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, may also be important in shaping the adaptive response to persistent infections. We examined here the association between TLR expression and clearance of HPV16 infections following periods of persistence, using longitudinal TLR measurements and a time-to-clearance analysis, as well as the interaction between TLRs and adaptive, cell-mediated responses involved in clearance. TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 mRNA expression were measured in cervical cytobrush samples by quantitative PCR. Responses to the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins were measured by an interferon-γ immunospot assay. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of TLRs on HPV16 clearance. Higher expression of TLR3 or TLR7 at an HPV16-positive visit was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) predictor of clearance by the following visit, in both unadjusted and adjusted (for smoking and oral contraceptive use) models. In women with, but not those without, a positive response to E6, higher expression of TLR3 (hazard ratio: 1.2 [95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.39], p = 0.012), TLR7 (1.39 [1.14-1.7], p = 0.001), TLR8 (1.37 [1.11-1.69], p = 0.003), or TLR9 (1.53 [1.13-2.08], p = 0.006) was significantly associated with clearance, revealing an important link between innate and adaptive immunity in the control of HPV infections following periods of persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Scott
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Rajasekaran N, Chester C, Yonezawa A, Zhao X, Kohrt HE. Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: a new era in cancer treatment. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:91-100. [PMID: 27471715 PMCID: PMC4918249 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s61292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of some anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) depends on the capacity of the mAb to recognize the tumor-associated antigen and induce cytotoxicity via a network of immune effector cells. This process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells is triggered by the interaction of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of the mAb with the Fc receptors on effector cells like natural killer cells, macrophages, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. By augmenting ADCC, the antitumor activity of mAbs can be significantly increased. Currently, identifying and developing therapeutic agents that enhance ADCC is a growing area of research. Combining existing tumor-targeting mAbs and ADCC-promoting agents that stimulate effector cells will translate to greater clinical responses. In this review, we discuss strategies for enhancing ADCC and emphasize the potential of combination treatments that include US Food and Drug Administration-approved mAbs and immunostimulatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cariad Chester
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xing Zhao
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Immunology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Holbrook E Kohrt
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Aranda F, Buqué A, Bloy N, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Adoptive cell transfer for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1046673. [PMID: 26451319 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1046673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One particular paradigm of anticancer immunotherapy relies on the administration of (potentially) tumor-reactive immune effector cells. Generally, these cells are obtained from autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) ex vivo (in the context of appropriate expansion, activation and targeting protocols), and re-infused into lymphodepleted patients along with immunostimulatory agents. In spite of the consistent progress achieved throughout the past two decades in this field, no adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapeutic regimen is currently approved by regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Nonetheless, the interest of oncologists in ACT-based immunotherapy continues to increase. Accumulating clinical evidence indicates indeed that specific paradigms of ACT, such as the infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing autologous T cells, are associated with elevated rates of durable responses in patients affected by various neoplasms. In line with this notion, clinical trials investigating the safety and therapeutic activity of ACT in cancer patients are being initiated at an ever increasing pace. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of ACT-based immunotherapy for oncological indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune Receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI ; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM; U970 ; Paris, France ; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) ; Paris, France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Combe P, de Guillebon E, Thibault C, Granier C, Tartour E, Oudard S. Trial Watch: Therapeutic vaccines in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1001236. [PMID: 26155388 PMCID: PMC4485845 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the renaissance of cancer immunotherapy, no novel immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) since the availability of recombinant cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-α). All vaccine trials have failed to meet their endpoints although they have highlighted potential predictive biomarkers (e.g., pre-existing immune response, hematological parameters, tumor burden). Recent advances in immunomodulatory therapies have prompted the study of combination treatments targeting the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment consisting of regulatory T-cells (Treg), myeloid suppressor cells, and cytokines. Approaches under investigation are use of inhibitors to curb the overexpression of immune checkpoint ligands by tumor cells (e.g., anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1/PD-L1) and exploiting the immunomodulatory effects of anti-angiogenic agents that are the current standard of metastatic RCC care. Phase III trials are focusing on the possible synergy between therapeutic vaccines (e.g., IMA-901 and AGS-003) and anti-angiogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Combe
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Eleonore de Guillebon
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology; Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology; Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Farnebo L, Shahangian A, Lee Y, Shin JH, Scheeren FA, Sunwoo JB. Targeting Toll-like receptor 2 inhibits growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9897-907. [PMID: 25846753 PMCID: PMC4496405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection-driven inflammation has been proposed to be involved in the tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oral HNSCC is often colonized with microbes such as gram-positive bacteria and yeast, where ligands derived from their wall components have been shown to specifically bind to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Although TLR2 has been described to be expressed in oral HNSCC, its function has not been well characterized. Here, we show the expression of TLR2 in both HNSCC cell lines and primary patient-derived HNSCC xenograft tumors. Activation of TLR2 with a yeast-derived ligand of TLR2, zymosan, promoted organoid formation in an ex vivo model of tumor growth, while blockade with anti-TLR2 antibodies inhibited organoid formation. Zymosan also induced phosphorylation of ERK and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, which was inhibited in the presence of anti-TLR2 antibodies, indicating that this receptor is functional in HNSCC and that the signaling through these pathways is intact. TLR2 blockade also inhibited growth of human xenografted tumors in immunodeficient mice. In summary, our data show that TLR2 is a functional receptor expressed in human HNSCC that plays a direct pro-tumorigenic role, and that it can be therapeutically targeted with blocking antibodies to reduce tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Farnebo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arash Shahangian
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunqin Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ferenc A. Scheeren
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B. Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Capitini CM, Otto M, DeSantes KB, Sondel PM. Immunotherapy in pediatric malignancies: current status and future perspectives. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1659-78. [PMID: 25145434 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel immune-based therapies are becoming available as additions to, and in some cases as alternatives to, the traditional treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiation that have improved outcomes for childhood cancer for decades. In this article, we will discuss what immunotherapies are being tested in the clinic, barriers to widespread application, and the future of immuno-oncology for childhood cancer. While in many cases, these therapies have shown dramatic responses in the setting of refractory or relapsed cancer, much remains to be learned about how to integrate these therapies into existing upfront regimens. The progress and challenges of developing immunotherapies for childhood cancer in a timely and cost-effective fashion will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics & Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 4137, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Peek EM, Song W, Zhang H, Huang J, Chin AI. Loss of MyD88 leads to more aggressive TRAMP prostate cancer and influences tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Prostate 2015; 75:463-73. [PMID: 25597486 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling in the prostate tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Although there may be a role for PRR agonists as adjuvants to therapy, prior evidence suggests tumor promoting as well as tumor inhibiting mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the key Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in prostate cancer development. METHODS MyD88(-/-) mice in a C57Bl6 background were crossed with transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice to create MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) animals, which were compared to MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) animals and their non-transgenic counterparts at 30 weeks. Prostates were examined histologically, by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, and by qPCR, to characterize tumor-infiltrating immune populations as well as activation of the downstream NF-κB pathway and androgen receptor (AR) expression. Splenocytes were examined for development of distinct immune cell populations. RESULTS Absence of MyD88 led to increased prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN) and areas of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in TRAMP transgenic mice. Analysis of infiltrating immune populations revealed an increase in CD11b(+) Gr1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as evidenced by increased expression of prostatic arginase-1 and iNOS as well as the cytokine IL-10, and a deficiency in NK cells in prostates from MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) compared to MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) mice, whereas a decrease in splenocytic NK cell differentiation was observed in MyD88(-/-) mice. Prostate tumors revealed no significant differences in NF-κB or AR expression in MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) compared to MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS During prostate cancer development in the TRAMP model, MyD88 may play a role in limiting prostate tumorigenesis by altering tumor-infiltrating immune populations. This suggests that in the context of specific cancers, distinct PRRs and signaling pathways of innate immune signaling may influence the tumor microenvironment and represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
117
|
Infection-mimicking poly(γ-glutamic acid) as adjuvant material for effective anti-tumor immune response. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:495-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
118
|
Chauhan M, Rana A, Alex JM, Negi A, Singh S, Kumar R. Design, microwave-mediated synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-aryl(alkyl)amino-3-nitroquinoline and 2,4-diaryl(dialkyl)amino-3-nitroquinolines as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2015; 58:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
119
|
Van der Jeught K, Bialkowski L, Daszkiewicz L, Broos K, Goyvaerts C, Renmans D, Van Lint S, Heirman C, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. Targeting the tumor microenvironment to enhance antitumor immune responses. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1359-81. [PMID: 25682197 PMCID: PMC4359300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of tumor-specific antigens and the immune responses directed against them has instigated the development of therapies to enhance antitumor immune responses. Most of these cancer immunotherapies are administered systemically rather than directly to tumors. Nonetheless, numerous studies have demonstrated that intratumoral therapy is an attractive approach, both for immunization and immunomodulation purposes. Injection, recruitment and/or activation of antigen-presenting cells in the tumor nest have been extensively studied as strategies to cross-prime immune responses. Moreover, delivery of stimulatory cytokines, blockade of inhibitory cytokines and immune checkpoint blockade have been explored to restore immunological fitness at the tumor site. These tumor-targeted therapies have the potential to induce systemic immunity without the toxicity that is often associated with systemic treatments. We review the most promising intratumoral immunotherapies, how these affect systemic antitumor immunity such that disseminated tumor cells are eliminated, and which approaches have been proven successful in animal models and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van der Jeught
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Lukasz Bialkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Lidia Daszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Broos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Dries Renmans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Jette, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Makkouk A, Joshi VB, Lemke CD, Wongrakpanich A, Olivier AK, Blackwell SE, Salem AK, Weiner GJ. Three steps to breaking immune tolerance to lymphoma: a microparticle approach. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:389-98. [PMID: 25627654 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In situ immunization aims at generating antitumor immune responses through manipulating the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of recent advances in the understanding of antitumor immunity, we designed a three-step approach to in situ immunization to lymphoma: (i) inducing immunogenic tumor cell death with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Doxorubicin enhances the expression of "eat-me" signals by dying tumor cells, facilitating their phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DC). Because of the vesicant activity of doxorubicin, microparticles made of biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or PLGA can safely deliver doxorubicin intratumorally and are effective vaccine adjuvants, (ii) enhancing T-cell activation using anti-OX40 and (iii) sustaining T-cell responses by checkpoint blockade using anti-CTLA-4. In vitro, doxorubicin microparticles were less cytotoxic to DCs than to B lymphoma cells, did not require internalization by tumor cells, and significantly enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells by DCs as compared with soluble doxorubicin. In mice, this three-step therapy induced CD4- and CD8-dependent systemic immune responses that enhanced T-cell infiltration into distant tumors, leading to their eradication and significantly improving survival. Our findings demonstrate that systemic antitumor immune responses can be generated locally by three-step therapy and merit further investigation as an immunotherapy for patients with lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Makkouk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vijaya B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Caitlin D Lemke
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sue E Blackwell
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George J Weiner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Heidenreich R, Jasny E, Kowalczyk A, Lutz J, Probst J, Baumhof P, Scheel B, Voss S, Kallen KJ, Fotin-Mleczek M. A novel RNA-based adjuvant combines strong immunostimulatory capacities with a favorable safety profile. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:372-84. [PMID: 25530186 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein- and peptide-based tumor vaccines depend on strong adjuvants to induce potent immune responses. Here, we demonstrated that a recently developed novel adjuvant based on a non-coding, long-chain RNA molecule, termed RNAdjuvant(®) , profoundly increased immunogenicity of both antigen formats. RNAdjuvant(®) induced balanced, long-lasting immune responses that resulted in a strong anti-tumor activity. A direct comparison to Poly(I:C) showed superior efficacy of our adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific multifunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses and mediate anti-tumor responses induced by peptide derived from HPV-16 E7 protein in the syngeneic TC-1 tumor, a murine model of human HPV-induced cervical cancer. Moreover, the adjuvant was able to induce functional memory responses that mediated complete tumor remission. Despite its remarkable immunostimulatory activity, our RNA-based adjuvant exhibited an excellent pre-clinical safety profile. It acted only locally at the injection site where it elicited a transient but strong up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines as well as cytoplasmic RNA sensors without systemic cytokine release. This was followed by the activation of immune cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our data indicate that our RNA-based adjuvant is a safe and potent immunostimulator that may profoundly improve the efficacy of a variety of cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Heidenreich
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Edith Jasny
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Lutz
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jochen Probst
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Quality Unit Vaccines, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Patrick Baumhof
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Birgit Scheel
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Söhnke Voss
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Kallen
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Mariola Fotin-Mleczek
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Wang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Dong L, Sun J. Total synthesis of Sparstolonin B, a potent anti-inflammatory agent. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two concise routes for the first total synthesis of Sparstolonin B have been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Yuanxun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Lijin Dong
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jian Sun
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Pedro JMBS, Buqué A, Senovilla L, Baracco EE, Bloy N, Castoldi F, Abastado JP, Agostinis P, Apte RN, Aranda F, Ayyoub M, Beckhove P, Blay JY, Bracci L, Caignard A, Castelli C, Cavallo F, Celis E, Cerundolo V, Clayton A, Colombo MP, Coussens L, Dhodapkar MV, Eggermont AM, Fearon DT, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Gabrilovich DI, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giaccone G, Gilboa E, Gnjatic S, Hoos A, Hosmalin A, Jäger D, Kalinski P, Kärre K, Kepp O, Kiessling R, Kirkwood JM, Klein E, Knuth A, Lewis CE, Liblau R, Lotze MT, Lugli E, Mach JP, Mattei F, Mavilio D, Melero I, Melief CJ, Mittendorf EA, Moretta L, Odunsi A, Okada H, Palucka AK, Peter ME, Pienta KJ, Porgador A, Prendergast GC, Rabinovich GA, Restifo NP, Rizvi N, Sautès-Fridman C, Schreiber H, Seliger B, Shiku H, Silva-Santos B, Smyth MJ, Speiser DE, Spisek R, Srivastava PK, Talmadge JE, Tartour E, Van Der Burg SH, Van Den Eynde BJ, Vile R, Wagner H, Weber JS, Whiteside TL, Wolchok JD, Zitvogel L, Zou W, Kroemer G. Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies. Oncotarget 2014; 5:12472-508. [PMID: 25537519 PMCID: PMC4350348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into "passive" and "active" based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - José-Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Elisa Elena Baracco
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Abastado
- Pole d'innovation thérapeutique en oncologie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- INSERM, U1102, Saint Herblain, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Equipe 11, Centre Léon Bérard (CLR), Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Bracci
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERM, U1160, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis-Lariboisière - F. Vidal, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Estaban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Lisa Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Sect. of Hematology and Immunobiology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Wolf H. Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Sect. of Hematology/Oncology, Immunology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Glaxo Smith Kline, Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Dept. of Oncology, Karolinska Institute Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Klein
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Knuth
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Claire E. Lewis
- Academic Unit of Inflammation and Tumour Targeting, Dept. of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Dept. of Immunology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Dept. of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelis J. Melief
- ISA Therapeutics, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Research Dept. of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adekunke Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcus E. Peter
- Div. of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - George C. Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naiyer Rizvi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Dept. of Pathology, The Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Dept. of Immuno-GeneTherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Dept. of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pramod K. Srivastava
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James E. Talmadge
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoît J. Van Den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard Vile
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Weber
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Dept. of Medicine and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507 (CICBT507), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Weiping Zou
- University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Makkouk A, Weiner GJ. Cancer immunotherapy and breaking immune tolerance: new approaches to an old challenge. Cancer Res 2014; 75:5-10. [PMID: 25524899 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has proven to be challenging as it depends on overcoming multiple mechanisms that mediate immune tolerance to self-antigens. A growing understanding of immune tolerance has been the foundation for new approaches to cancer immunotherapy. Adoptive transfer of immune effectors such as antitumor mAb and chimeric antigen receptor T cells bypasses many of the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance by allowing for expansion of tumor-specific effectors ex vivo. Vaccination with whole tumor cells, protein, peptide, or dendritic cells has proven challenging, yet may be more useful when combined with other cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Immunomodulatory approaches to cancer immunotherapy include treatment with agents that enhance and maintain T-cell activation. Recent advances in the use of checkpoint blockade to block negative signals and to maintain the antitumor response are particularly exciting. With our growing knowledge of immune tolerance and ways to overcome it, combination treatments are being developed, tested, and have particular promise. One example is in situ immunization that is designed to break tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Progress in all these areas is continuing based on clear evidence that cancer immunotherapy designed to overcome immune tolerance can be useful for a growing number of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Makkouk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George J Weiner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Khong A, Cleaver AL, Fahmi Alatas M, Wylie BC, Connor T, Fisher SA, Broomfield S, Lesterhuis WJ, Currie AJ, Lake RA, Robinson BW. The efficacy of tumor debulking surgery is improved by adjuvant immunotherapy using imiquimod and anti-CD40. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:969. [PMID: 25518732 PMCID: PMC4320570 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many solid malignancies. Although this approach can be effective, it often has limited success against recurrent or metastatic cancers and new multimodality approaches are needed. Adjuvant immunotherapy is another potentially effective approach. We therefore tested the efficacy of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) combined with agonistic anti-CD40 in an incomplete debulking model of malignant mesothelioma. Methods Established subcutaneous murine ABA-HA mesothelioma tumors in BALB/c mice were surgically debulked by 75% and treated with either: i) saline; ii) intratumoral IMQ; iii) systemic anti-CD40 antibody, or using a combination of IMQ and anti-CD40. Tumour growth and survival were monitored, and the role of anti-tumor CD4 and CD8 T cells in therapeutic responses was determined. Results The combination therapy of partial debulking surgery, IMQ and anti-CD40 significantly delayed tumor growth in a CD8 T cell dependent manner, and promoted tumor regression in 25% of animals with establishment of immunological memory. This response was associated with an increase in ICOS+ CD8 T cells and tumor-specific CTL activity in tumor draining lymph nodes along with an increase in ICOS+ CD8 T cells in responding tumours. Conclusions We show that the post-surgical environment can be significantly altered by the co-administration of adjuvant IMQ and anti-CD40, resulting in strong, systemic anti-tumor activity. Both adjuvants are available for clinical use/trial, hence this treatment regimen has clear translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce W Robinson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Perth, Western Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Kennedy EP, Platten M, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e957994. [PMID: 25941578 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.957994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of the so-called "kynurenine pathway", i.e., the metabolic cascade that converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (Kyn). IDO1, which is expressed constitutively by some tissues and in an inducible manner by specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells, has been shown to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. At least in part, this reflects the capacity of IDO1 to restrict the microenvironmental availability of Trp and to favor the accumulation of Kyn and some of its derivatives. Also, several neoplastic lesions express IDO1, providing them with a means to evade anticancer immunosurveillance. This consideration has driven the development of several IDO1 inhibitors, some of which (including 1-methyltryptophan) have nowadays entered clinical evaluation. In animal tumor models, the inhibition of IDO1 by chemical or genetic interventions is indeed associated with the (re)activation of therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses. This said, several immunotherapeutic regimens exert robust clinical activity in spite of their ability to promote the expression of IDO1. Moreover, 1-methyltryptophan has recently been shown to exert IDO1-independent immunostimulatory effects. Here, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies testing the antineoplastic activity of IDO1-targeting interventions.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1-methyl-D-tryptophan
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- BIN1, bridging integrator 1
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4
- DC, dendritic cell
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GCN2, general control non-derepressible 2
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase
- IFNγ, interferon γ
- INCB024360
- Kyn, L-kynurenine
- NK, natural killer
- NLG919
- ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide
- TDO2, tryptophan 2,3-dioxigenase
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Trp, L-tryptophan
- indoximod
- interferon γ
- peptide-based anticancer vaccines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Orsay , Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM U970 ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | | | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurooncology; University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases ; Heidelberg, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
P5 HER2/neu-derived peptide conjugated to liposomes containing MPL adjuvant as an effective prophylactic vaccine formulation for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
128
|
Menger L, Vacchelli E, Kepp O, Eggermont A, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Cardiac glycosides and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23082. [PMID: 23525565 PMCID: PMC3601180 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds sharing the ability to operate as potent inhibitors of the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase, hence promoting—via an indirect mechanism—the intracellular accumulation of Ca2+ ions. In cardiomyocytes, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations exert prominent positive inotropic effects, that is, they increase myocardial contractility. Owing to this feature, two CGs, namely digoxin and digitoxin, have extensively been used in the past for the treatment of several cardiac conditions, including distinct types of arrhythmia as well as contractility disorders. Nowadays, digoxin is approved by the FDA and indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter with rapid ventricular response, whereas the use of digitoxin has been discontinued in several Western countries. Recently, CGs have been suggested to exert potent antineoplastic effects, notably as they appear to increase the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. In this Trial Watch, we summarize the mechanisms that underpin the unsuspected anticancer potential of CGs and discuss the progress of clinical studies that have evaluated/are evaluating the safety and efficacy of CGs for oncological indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Menger
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Mavilio D, Galluzzi L, Lugli E. Novel multifunctional antibody approved for the treatment of breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e24567. [PMID: 23802090 PMCID: PMC3661175 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Galluzzi L. Victories and deceptions in tumor immunology: Stimuvax ®. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23687. [PMID: 23483762 PMCID: PMC3583943 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e22789. [PMID: 23482847 PMCID: PMC3583934 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 20 years, dozens-if not hundreds-of monoclonal antibodies have been developed and characterized for their capacity to mediate antineoplastic effects, either as they activate/enhance tumor-specific immune responses, either as they interrupt cancer cell-intrinsic signal transduction cascades, either as they specifically delivery toxins to malignant cells or as they block the tumor-stroma interaction. Such an intense research effort has lead to the approval by FDA of no less than 14 distinct molecules for use in humans affected by hematological or solid malignancies. In the inaugural issue of OncoImmunology, we briefly described the scientific rationale behind the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy and discussed recent, ongoing clinical studies investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach in patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of clinical research, focusing on high impact studies that have been published during the last 15 months and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the therapeutic profile of promising, yet hitherto investigational, monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Galluzzi L, Senovilla L, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based interventions for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:1111-1134. [PMID: 23170259 PMCID: PMC3494625 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) occupy a central position in the immune system, orchestrating a wide repertoire of responses that span from the development of self-tolerance to the elicitation of potent cellular and humoral immunity. Accordingly, DCs are involved in the etiology of conditions as diverse as infectious diseases, allergic and autoimmune disorders, graft rejection and cancer. During the last decade, several methods have been developed to load DCs with tumor-associated antigens, ex vivo or in vivo, in the attempt to use them as therapeutic anticancer vaccines that would elicit clinically relevant immune responses. While this has not always been the case, several clinical studies have demonstrated that DC-based anticancer vaccines are capable of activating tumor-specific immune responses that increase overall survival, at least in a subset of patients. In 2010, this branch of clinical research has culminated with the approval by FDA of a DC-based therapeutic vaccine (sipuleucel-T, Provenge®) for use in patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Intense research efforts are currently dedicated to the identification of the immunological features of patients that best respond to DC-based anticancer vaccines. This knowledge may indeed lead to personalized combination strategies that would extend the benefit of DC-based immunotherapy to a larger patient population. In addition, widespread enthusiasm has been generated by the results of the first clinical trials based on in vivo DC targeting, an approach that holds great promises for the future of DC-based immunotherapy. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recently completed clinical trials and discuss the progress of ongoing studies that have evaluated/are evaluating DC-based interventions for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Senovilla L, Vacchelli E, Garcia P, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA vaccines for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23803. [PMID: 23734328 PMCID: PMC3654598 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The foundation of modern vaccinology dates back to the 1790s, when the English physician Edward Jenner uncovered the tremendous medical potential of prophylactic vaccination. Jenner’s work ignited a wave of nationwide vaccination campaigns abating the incidence of multiple life-threatening infectious diseases and culminating with the eradication of natural smallpox virus, which was definitively certified by the WHO in 1980. The possibility of using vaccines against cancer was first proposed at the end of the 19th century by Paul Ehrlich and William Coley. However, it was not until the 1990s that such a hypothesis began to be intensively investigated, following the realization that the immune system is not completely unresponsive to tumors and that neoplastic cells express immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Nowadays, anticancer vaccines are rapidly moving from the bench to the bedside, and a few prophylactic and therapeutic preparations have already been approved by FDA for use in humans. In this setting, one interesting approach is constituted by DNA vaccines, i.e., TAA-encoding circularized DNA constructs, often of bacterial origin, that are delivered to patients as such or by means of specific vectors, including (but not limited to) liposomal preparations, nanoparticles, bacteria and viruses. The administration of DNA vaccines is most often performed via the intramuscular or subcutaneous route and is expected to cause (1) the endogenous synthesis of the TAA by myocytes and/or resident antigen-presenting cells; (2) the presentation of TAA-derived peptides on the cell surface, in association with MHC class I molecules; and (3) the activation of potentially therapeutic tumor-specific immune responses. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recent clinical trials that have evaluated/are evaluating DNA vaccines as therapeutic interventions against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senovilla
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1015 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Vacchelli E, Senovilla L, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23510. [PMID: 23687621 PMCID: PMC3655739 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that the immune system plays a critical role not only during oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also as established neoplastic lesions respond to therapy. Selected cytotoxic chemicals can indeed elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar type of apoptosis that stimulates tumor-specific cognate immune responses. Such immunogenic chemotherapeutics include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin (which are approved by FDA for the treatment of various hematological and solid malignancies), mitoxantrone (which is currently employed both as an anticancer agent and against multiple sclerosis) and patupilone (a microtubular poison in clinical development). One year ago, in the second issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the scientific rationale behind immunogenic chemotherapy and reviewed the status of recent clinical trials investigating the off-label use of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin and mitoxantrone in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this area of clinical research, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 months and clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the antineoplastic profile of immunogenic chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Lan F, Yue X, Ren G, Wang Y, Xia T. Serum toll-like receptors are potential biomarkers of radiation pneumonia in locally advanced NSCLC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8087-8095. [PMID: 25550856 PMCID: PMC4270563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly or lowly expressed in a wide variety of tumors and exhibit either pro-tumor or anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigate whether there are relationships between the expressions of TLRs and the occurrence of radiation pneumonia in advanced NSCLC patients treated with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 76 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and 50 healthy controls were recruited from Oct 2012 to Jan 2014. The expressions of serum TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were detected by ELISA techniques. Fisher exact test, χ(2) test, ROC working curve and Cox regression model were applied to analyze all data. RESULTS serum TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 exhibited a relative high expression level in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls. Importantly, pre-neutrophil granulocyte ratio was associated with the expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4. Moreover, the patients with high ratio of neutrophil granulocyte significantly increased the occurrence of fever in comparison to normal neutrophil ratio in NSCLC patients during the course of radiotherapy. We further evaluated the containing of TLRs when patients had temperatures and found serum TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 were over-expressed. Finally, 26 of 76 patients were diagnosed with different stages of radiation induced pneumonia; as a result, the contents of TLR1 and TLR4 before radiotherapy were identified as independent significances with pneumonia occurrence. CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment levels of TLR1 and TLR4 have the predictive value to be clinically potential biomarkers of pneumonia risk in locally advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin HospitalTianjin 300190, China
| | - Xiao Yue
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery InstituteTianjin 300060, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
| | - Tingyi Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Nguyen T, Urban J, Kalinski P. Therapeutic cancer vaccines and combination immunotherapies involving vaccination. Immunotargets Ther 2014; 3:135-50. [PMID: 27471705 PMCID: PMC4918241 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s40264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent US Food and Drug Administration approvals of Provenge(®) (sipuleucel-T) as the first cell-based cancer therapeutic factor and ipilimumab (Yervoy(®)/anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) as the first "checkpoint blocker" highlight recent advances in cancer immunotherapy. Positive results of the clinical trials evaluating additional checkpoint blocking agents (blockade of programmed death [PD]-1, and its ligands, PD-1 ligand 1 and 2) and of several types of cancer vaccines suggest that cancer immunotherapy may soon enter the center stage of comprehensive cancer care, supplementing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This review discusses the current status of the clinical evaluation of different classes of therapeutic cancer vaccines and possible avenues for future development, focusing on enhancing the magnitude and quality of cancer-specific immunity by either the functional reprogramming of patients' endogenous dendritic cells or the use of ex vivo-manipulated dendritic cells as autologous cellular transplants. This review further discusses the available strategies aimed at promoting the entry of vaccination-induced T-cells into tumor tissues and prolonging their local antitumor activity. Finally, the recent improvements to the above three modalities for cancer immunotherapy (inducing tumor-specific T-cells, prolonging their persistence and functionality, and enhancing tumor homing of effector T-cells) and rationale for their combined application in order to achieve clinically effective anticancer responses are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie Urban
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Kepp O, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Apetoh L, Aranda F, Barnaba V, Bloy N, Bracci L, Breckpot K, Brough D, Buqué A, Castro MG, Cirone M, Colombo MI, Cremer I, Demaria S, Dini L, Eliopoulos AG, Faggioni A, Formenti SC, Fučíková J, Gabriele L, Gaipl US, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giese NA, Guo ZS, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Holdenrieder S, Honeychurch J, Hu HM, Huang X, Illidge TM, Kono K, Korbelik M, Krysko DV, Loi S, Lowenstein PR, Lugli E, Ma Y, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Martins I, Mavilio D, Menger L, Merendino N, Michaud M, Mignot G, Mossman KL, Multhoff G, Oehler R, Palombo F, Panaretakis T, Pol J, Proietti E, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Rovere-Querini P, Rubartelli A, Sistigu A, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Sukkurwala AQ, Tartour E, Thorburn A, Thorne SH, Vandenabeele P, Velotti F, Workenhe ST, Yang H, Zong WX, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955691. [PMID: 25941621 PMCID: PMC4292729 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can trigger a functionally peculiar type of apoptotic demise that does not go unnoticed by the adaptive arm of the immune system, which we named "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). ICD is preceded or accompanied by the emission of a series of immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in a precise spatiotemporal configuration. Several anticancer agents that have been successfully employed in the clinic for decades, including various chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, can elicit ICD. Moreover, defects in the components that underlie the capacity of the immune system to perceive cell death as immunogenic negatively influence disease outcome among cancer patients treated with ICD inducers. Thus, ICD has profound clinical and therapeutic implications. Unfortunately, the gold-standard approach to detect ICD relies on vaccination experiments involving immunocompetent murine models and syngeneic cancer cells, an approach that is incompatible with large screening campaigns. Here, we outline strategies conceived to detect surrogate markers of ICD in vitro and to screen large chemical libraries for putative ICD inducers, based on a high-content, high-throughput platform that we recently developed. Such a platform allows for the detection of multiple DAMPs, like cell surface-exposed calreticulin, extracellular ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and/or the processes that underlie their emission, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and necrotic plasma membrane permeabilization. We surmise that this technology will facilitate the development of next-generation anticancer regimens, which kill malignant cells and simultaneously convert them into a cancer-specific therapeutic vaccine.
Collapse
Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATP release
- BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 protein
- CALR, calreticulin
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DiOC6(3), 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide
- EIF2A, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FLT3LG, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
- G3BP1, GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- H2B, histone 2B
- HMGB1
- HMGB1, high mobility group box 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type I
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- PDIA3, protein disulfide isomerase family A
- PI, propidium iodide
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- autophagy
- calreticulin
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- immunotherapy
- member 3
- Δψm, mitochondrial transmembrane potential
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM; U1015; Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory; Department of Immunology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM; UMR866; Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; Dijon, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Departement of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur; Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Bracci
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT); Department of Biomedical Sciences Medical School of the Free University of Brussels (VUB); Jette, Belgium
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Maria I. Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; CONICET; Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DiSTeBA); University of Salento; Lecce, Italy
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory; Division of Basic Sciences; University of Crete Medical School; Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas; Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology; NewYork University School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Erlangen; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM; UMR866; Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; Dijon, France
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- European Pancreas Center; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group; Transplantation laboratory; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen, Germany
| | - James W. Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Cancer Studies; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Hong-Min Hu
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center; Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiology; Earle A. Chiles Research Institute; Providence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR USA
| | - Xing Huang
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Tim M. Illidge
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Cancer Studies; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Center; East Melbourne; Victoria, Australia
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan; Rozzano, Italy
| | - Yuting Ma
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Graz, Austria
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1030; Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan; Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laurie Menger
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology; University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute; London, UK
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University; Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michael Michaud
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Gregoire Mignot
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology and Endocrinology, Oniris; Nantes, France
| | - Karen L. Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Center; Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research; McMaster University; Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Palombo
- Departement of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur; Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Pol
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM; U1065; Nice, France
- Equipe “Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires,” Center Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M); Nice, France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice; Nice, France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology and Subalpine Center for Research and Experimental Medicine (CeRMS); University of Turin; Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino; Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genova, Italy
| | | | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland; Herston, Australia
| | - Juergen Sonnemann
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology; Jena University Hospital, Children's Clinic; Jena, Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Center Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal; Montréal, Canada
| | - Abdul Qader Sukkurwala
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College; Dow University of Health Sciences; Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM; U970; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO USA
| | | | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University; Viterbo, Italy
| | - Samuel T. Workenhe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Center; Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research; McMaster University; Hamilton, Canada
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM; U1015; Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507 (CICBT507); Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of agents which exhibit the ability to potently activate the innate immune response has gained significant interest as therapeutics to treat cancer. We will review the history and the current applications of these agents to treat skin cancer and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. RECENT FINDINGS Particular attention has been focused upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including imidazoquinolines, which can trigger TLR 7 and TLR 8, and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides, which activate TLR 9-expressing cells. Imiquimod, a TLR 7 agonist, has been found to be efficacious for basal cell and squamous cell cancers, as well as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lentigo maligna melanoma. CpGs have demonstrated efficacy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Additional more potent compounds, including resiquimod, are presently in clinical trials for several types of skin cancers. SUMMARY TLR agonists that can activate the innate immune response have been used to treat a variety of skin cancers including basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer, lentigo maligna melanoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Significant clinical efficacy has been observed for all of these conditions. It is anticipated that additional members of the TLR agonist family will be available in the clinic for the future treatment of skin cancers as well as other malignancies.
Collapse
|
139
|
Abstract
During the past two decades, several interventions have been shown to increase the healthy lifespan of model organisms as evolutionarily distant from each other as yeast, worms, flies and mammals. These anti-aging maneuvers include (but are not limited to) cycles of caloric restriction, physical exercise as well as the administration of multiple, chemically unrelated agents, such as resveratrol, spermidine and various rapamycin-like compounds collectively known as rapalogs. Most, if not all, lifespan-extending agents promote macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), an evolutionarily old mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the adaptive response of cells to stress. In line with this notion, the activation of autophagy appears to mediate significant anti-ageing effects in several organisms, including mice. Here, we focus on rapalogs to discuss the possibility that part of the beneficial activity of lifespan-extending agents stems from their ability to exert immunostimulatory effects. Accumulating evidence indicates indeed that the immune system can recognize and eliminate not only cells that are prone to undergo malignant transformation, but also senescent cells, thus playing a significant role in the control of organismal aging. In addition, it has recently become clear that rapamycin and other rapalogs, which for a long time have been viewed (and used in the clinic) as pure immunosuppressants, can mediate robust immunostimulatory functions, at least in some circumstances.
Collapse
|
140
|
Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Obrist F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Cremer I, Henrik ter Meulen J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e29179. [PMID: 25083332 PMCID: PMC4091055 DOI: 10.4161/onci.29179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved group of enzymatically inactive, single membrane-spanning proteins that recognize a wide panel of exogenous and endogenous danger signals. Besides constituting a crucial component of the innate immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens, TLRs appear to play a major role in anticancer immunosurveillance. In line with this notion, several natural and synthetic TLR ligands have been intensively investigated for their ability to boost tumor-targeting immune responses elicited by a variety of immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic interventions. Three of these agents are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or equivalent regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients: the so-called bacillus Calmette-Guérin, monophosphoryl lipid A, and imiquimod. However, the number of clinical trials testing the therapeutic potential of both FDA-approved and experimental TLR agonists in cancer patients is stably decreasing, suggesting that drug developers and oncologists are refocusing their interest on alternative immunostimulatory agents. Here, we summarize recent findings on the use of TLR agonists in cancer patients and discuss how the clinical evaluation of FDA-approved and experimental TLR ligands has evolved since the publication of our first Trial Watch dealing with this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Wang JQ, Jeelall YS, Ferguson LL, Horikawa K. Toll-Like Receptors and Cancer: MYD88 Mutation and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:367. [PMID: 25132836 PMCID: PMC4116802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on immune cells are crucial for the early detection of invading pathogens, in initiating early innate immune response and in orchestrating the adaptive immune response. PRRs are activated by specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are present in pathogenic microbes or nucleic acids of viruses or bacteria. However, inappropriate activation of these PRRs, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), due to genetic lesions or chronic inflammation has been demonstrated to be a major cause of many hematological malignancies. Gain-of-function mutations in the TLR adaptor protein MYD88 found in 39% of the activated B cell type of diffuse large B cell lymphomas and almost 100% of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia further highlight the involvement of TLRs in these malignancies. MYD88 mutations result in the chronic activation of TLR signaling pathways, thus the constitutive activation of the transcription factor NFκB to promote cell survival and proliferation. These recent insights into TLR pathway driven malignancies warrant the need for a better understanding of TLRs in cancers and the development of novel anti-cancer therapies targeting TLRs. This review focuses on TLR function and signaling in normal or inflammatory conditions, and how mutations can hijack the TLR signaling pathways to give rise to cancer. Finally, we discuss how potential therapeutic agents could be used to restore normal responses to TLRs and have long lasting anti-tumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Q Wang
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Yogesh S Jeelall
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Laura L Ferguson
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Chatterjee S, Crozet L, Damotte D, Iribarren K, Schramm C, Alifano M, Lupo A, Cherfils-Vicini J, Goc J, Katsahian S, Younes M, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Cremer I. TLR7 promotes tumor progression, chemotherapy resistance, and poor clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5008-18. [PMID: 25074614 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize pathogen molecules and danger-associated signals that stimulate inflammatory processes. TLRs have been studied mainly in antigen-presenting cells, where they exert important immune regulatory functions, but they are also expressed by epithelial tumor cells, where they have been implicated in tumor progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the injection of TLR7 agonist in NOD/SCID mice, in C57BL/6 wild-type, and TLR7-deficient mice grafted with lung adenocarcinoma tumor cells leads to increased tumor progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, expression analyses revealed that high TLR7 expression was strongly associated with resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and poor clinical outcomes. Our findings delineate a crucial role for TLR7 in lung cancer physiopathology. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5008-18. ©2014 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saradiya Chatterjee
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Crozet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Services d'anatomie-pathologie et de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Services d'anatomie-pathologie et de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Services d'anatomie-pathologie et de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Cherfils-Vicini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Goc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Katsahian
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad Younes
- Services d'anatomie-pathologie et de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS1138, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, UMRS1138, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Zhao S, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang F, Zhang D. Toll-like receptors and prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2014; 5:352. [PMID: 25101092 PMCID: PMC4107957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men after lung cancer. Immune responses clearly play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and in the efficacy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in prostate cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in host immune system. Recent studies demonstrate that there are links between TLRs and cancer; however, the function and biological importance of TLRs in prostate cancer seems complex. To elucidate the role of TLRs and innate immunity in prostate cancer might provide us with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this disease. Moreover, utilizing the agonists or antagonists of TLRs might represent a promising new strategy against prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the studies of association between TLR signaling and prostate cancer, TLR polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk, and provide some insights about TLRs as potential targets for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhao
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Houston, TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Van den Bergh JMJ, Guerti K, Willemen Y, Lion E, Cools N, Goossens H, Vorsters A, Van Tendeloo VFI, Anguille S, Van Damme P, Smits ELJM. HPV vaccine stimulates cytotoxic activity of killer dendritic cells and natural killer cells against HPV-positive tumour cells. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1372-80. [PMID: 24979331 PMCID: PMC4124021 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervarix™ is approved as a preventive vaccine against infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) strains 16 and 18, which are causally related to the development of cervical cancer. We are the first to investigate in vitro the effects of this HPV vaccine on interleukin (IL)-15 dendritic cells (DC) as proxy of a naturally occurring subset of blood DC, and natural killer (NK) cells, two innate immune cell types that play an important role in antitumour immunity. Our results show that exposure of IL-15 DC to the HPV vaccine results in increased expression of phenotypic maturation markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxic activity against HPV-positive tumour cells. These effects are mediated by the vaccine adjuvant, partly through Toll-like receptor 4 activation. Next, we demonstrate that vaccine-exposed IL-15 DC in turn induce phenotypic activation of NK cells, resulting in a synergistic cytotoxic action against HPV-infected tumour cells. Our study thus identifies a novel mode of action of the HPV vaccine in boosting innate immunity, including killing of HPV-infected cells by DC and NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan M J Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Seth A, Heo MB, Lim YT. Poly (γ-glutamic acid) based combination of water-insoluble paclitaxel and TLR7 agonist for chemo-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7992-8001. [PMID: 24954733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced anti-cancer regimens are being introduced for more effective cancer treatment with improved life expectancy. In this research, immuno-stimulating agent toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) agonist-imiquimod and low dose chemotherapeutic agent-paclitaxel were synergized to demonstrate tumor therapy along with anti-tumor memory effect. Both therapeutic agents being water insoluble were dispersed in water with the help of water soluble polymer: poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) using a co-solvent systems leading to formation of micro-dispersions of drugs. Paclitaxel and imiquimod formed crystalline microstructures in the size range of 2-3 μm and were stably dispersed in γ-PGA matrix for more than 6 months. Paclitaxel and combination of paclitaxel and imiquimod had significant tumor killing effect in-vitro on various tumor cell lines, while antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells-DCs) treated with the same concentration of imiquimod along with the combination led to enhanced proliferation (250%). In DCs, enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines was observed in cells co-treated with paclitaxel and imiquimod dispersed in γ-PGA. When administered by intra-tumoral injection in mouse melanoma tumor model, the treatment with combination exemplified drastic inhibition of tumor growth leading to 70% survival as compared to individual components with 0% survival at day 41. The anti-tumor response generated was also found to have systemic memory response since the vaccinated mice significantly deferred secondary tumor development at distant site 6 weeks after treatment. The relative number and activation status of DCs in-vivo was found to be dramatically increased in case of mice treated with combination. The dramatic inhibition of tumor treated with combination is expected to be mediated by both chemotherapeutic killing of tumor cells followed by uptake of released antigen by the DCs and due to enhanced proliferation and activation of the DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stevens
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Keri B Vartanian
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Mary P Stenzel-Poore
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are master regulators of innate immunity and play an integral role in the activation of inflammatory response during infections. In addition, TLRs influence the body's response to numerous forms of injury. Recent data have shown that TLRs play a modulating role in ischemic brain damage after stroke. Interestingly, their stimulation before ischemia induces a tolerant state that is neuroprotective. This phenomenon, referred to as TLR preconditioning, is the result of the reprogramming of TLR response to ischemic injury. This review addresses the role of TLRs in brain ischemia and the activation of endogenous neuroprotective pathways in the setting of preconditioning. We highlight the protective role of interferon-related response and the potential site of action for TLR preconditioning involving the blood-brain barrier. Pharmacologic modulation of TLR activation to promote protection against stroke is a promising approach for the development of prophylactic and immediate therapies targeting ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
|
148
|
Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Obrist F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Cremer I, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immunostimulatory cytokines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e29030. [PMID: 25083328 PMCID: PMC4091551 DOI: 10.4161/onci.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting immune responses provide a significant contribution to (when they do not entirely account for) the clinical activity of diverse antineoplastic regimens, encompassing not only a large panel of immunotherapeutic strategies but also conventional cytotoxic molecules, targeted anticancer agents and irradiation. In line with this notion, several approaches have been devised to elicit novel or boost existing anticancer immune responses, including the administration of immunomodulatory cytokines. Such a relatively unspecific intervention suffices to mediate clinical effects in (at least a subset of) patients bearing particularly immunogenic tumors, like melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. More often, however, immunostimulatory cytokines are administered to boost the immunogenic potential of other agents, including (but not limited to) immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies, anticancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and immunogenic chemotherapeutics. Here, we summarize the latest advances in the clinical development of recombinant cytokines as an immunomodulatory intervention for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Pol J, Bloy N, Obrist F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Cremer I, Erbs P, Limacher JM, Preville X, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch:: Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28694. [PMID: 25097804 PMCID: PMC4091053 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are natural or genetically modified viral species that selectively infect and kill neoplastic cells. Such an innate or exogenously conferred specificity has generated considerable interest around the possibility to employ oncolytic viruses as highly targeted agents that would mediate cancer cell-autonomous anticancer effects. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy is not a simple consequence of the cytopathic effect, but strongly relies on the induction of an endogenous immune response against transformed cells. In line with this notion, superior anticancer effects are being observed when oncolytic viruses are engineered to express (or co-administered with) immunostimulatory molecules. Although multiple studies have shown that oncolytic viruses are well tolerated by cancer patients, the full-blown therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy, especially when implemented in the absence of immunostimulatory interventions, remains unclear. Here, we cover the latest advances in this active area of translational investigation, summarizing high-impact studies that have been published during the last 12 months and discussing clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy in oncological indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Galon J, Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Angell H, Lagorce C, Todosi AM, Berger A, Pagès F. Microenvironnement immunitaire et cancer. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:439-44. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143004020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|