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Bravo-Riquelme D, Lizama-Allende K. Mathematical modeling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands performance for arsenic removal: Review and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175061. [PMID: 39067586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are nature-based solutions able to remove different pollutants from water, including arsenic. Arsenic is a pollutant of concern given its toxicity and its presence in water sources worldwide. Despite the increased interest in investigating the performance of constructed wetlands in the treatment of arsenic-contaminated water at the laboratory scale, the application of these solutions at the pilot and full scale is still limited. To understand and predict the removal of arsenic in constructed wetlands, some numerical models have been developed. Among black box models, only first-order models have been proposed, with unsuccessful results. The model that best describes arsenic retention processes in constructed wetlands is RCB-ARSENIC, a mechanistic model adapted from Retraso-CodeBright that simulates arsenic reactive transport. This model includes arsenic precipitation, arsenic sorption on supporting media, arsenic sorption on plants roots and arsenic uptake by plants; represented in the reactive term of the reactive transport equation. Thus, it includes two of the three main processes that remove arsenic in constructed wetlands: precipitation, sorption, and coprecipitation. Despite this, and what is known about arsenic geochemistry, the formulation of these reactive rates requires improvement. In addition, this model was calibrated and validated using data from a single horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system, which treated one type of synthetic water. Therefore, it cannot be applied to other types of arsenic-contaminated water or other constructed wetland systems. Moreover, the reactive transport of relevant species -especially iron- and their role in arsenic removal, along with relevant redox reactions associated to the presence of organic matter, oxides or bacteria-, must be included. A comprehensive mechanistic model able to simulate different design, environmental and operation conditions may be used to guide the design of constructed wetlands targeting the removal of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bravo-Riquelme
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
| | - Katherine Lizama-Allende
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
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102
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Cox T, Wieland A, Greule M, Keppler F, Einbock A, Alewell C. Isotopic analysis (δ 13C and δ 2H) of lignin methoxy groups in forest soils to identify and quantify lignin sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175025. [PMID: 39059652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The relative apportion of above and below ground carbon sources is known to be an important factor in soil organic matter formation. Although lignin is the most abundant aromatic plant material in the terrestrial biosphere, our understanding of lignin source contributions to soil organic matter (SOM) is limited due to the complex molecular structure and analysis of lignin. In this study, we novelly apply the dual isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ2H values) of lignin methoxy groups (LMeO) with the Bayesian mixing model, MixSIAR, to apportion lignin sources in two contrasting soil types, a podzol and a stagnosol. Results of the isotopic analysis of LMeO demonstrate the ability of δ2H LMeO values to discriminate between above and below ground lignin sources, while δ13C LMeO values discriminated between photosynthesising and non-photosynthesising tissues. In the stagnosol subsurface horizons, a decreasing proportion of the leaf litter lignin was observed with increasing organic matter degradation, cumulating in the Ah horizon being dominated by lignin from roots. The podzol sites indicated a similar reduction in leaf litter lignin with an increase in organic matter degradation and depth. However, the Ah horizon was shown to accumulate lignin from the above ground woody material. Furthermore, given the significant abundance of LMeO groups in the terrestrial biosphere and the extremely depleted δ13C LMeO values in leaf litter, we employed a mass balance approach to determine the extent in which the 13C bulk enrichment generally associated with isotopic fractionation during organic matter decomposition can be attributed to the shift in lignin sources. Analysis reveals that 14 % and 11 % of bulk 13C enrichment can be attributed to the transition in LMeO sources from leaf litter to roots in the stagnosol and podzol, respectively. Thus, models relying on 13C enrichment with depth as an indicator of carbon turnover may be partially overestimating rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Cox
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Wieland
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Annika Einbock
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Alewell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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103
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Feng X, Huai Y, Kang S, Yang L, Li Y, Feng J, Zhang Z, Maw MJW, Cui Z, Ning P. Reproductive resilience of growth and nitrogen uptake underpins yield improvement in winter wheat with forced delay of sowing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175108. [PMID: 39089377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Winter wheat production is influenced by climate extremes worldwide. Heavy precipitation induced delay of sowing generates limited photothermal resources for wheat early growth. However, how wheat build resilience from stunted seedling growth has not been fully explored. Here, a twelve-year farmers' survey of wheat yield was recorded and four-year field experiments of wheat grown in normal and late-sowing were performed under zero nitrogen (N0) and optimum nitrogen (Opt.N) supply. Wheat growth and N uptake were measured at both vegetative and reproductive stages alongside photothermal resource-use efficiency. Farmers' survey showed 10.4 % yield losses due to delayed sowing compared to the normal. However, four-year field trials revealed that the combination of increasing seeding rates and Opt.N application recovered grain yield of sowing-delayed wheat and even increased by 13.2 % compared to plants in the normal seasons. Although delayed sowing substantially suppressed seedling growth and tillering before winter dormancy, the Opt.N application increased spring tillers by 2.4-fold which were productive at maturity. Further, plant growth and N uptake from jointing to anthesis of sowing-delayed wheat were accelerated by Opt.N, but not by N0 treatment. Delayed sowing significantly shortened the duration of lag phase of grain filling by 3.5 days and by 183 growing degree days compared with the normal, which initiated the linear and fast filling earlier. Increased leaf photosynthesis by 27.4 % during grain filling further supported the fast recovery of grain filling in the sowing-delayed wheat. Concomitantly, the physiological N-use efficiency increased by 46.7 % during grain filling and by 41.5 % at maturity by enhancing N availability and seeding rates, and photothermal resource-use efficiency increased by 1.3- to 1.7-fold for wheat with delayed vs. normal sowing. Overall, these findings highlight the integrated management of nutrient and cultivation to mitigate the impacts of climate extremes on crop productivity through building plant reproductive resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangbo Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suoqian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michael J W Maw
- Agriculture Department, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Zhenling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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104
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Choi JH, Lee S, Le QT, Yang S, Lee H. The Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Ct-1 achieves higher salt tolerance relative to Col-0 via higher tissue retention of K + and NO 3. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154321. [PMID: 39116627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture is vital for global food security, and irrigation is essential for improving crop yields. However, irrigation can pose challenges such as mineral scarcity and salt accumulation in the soil, which negatively impact plant growth and crop productivity. While numerous studies have focused on enhancing plant tolerance to high salinity, research targeting various ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana has been relatively limited. In this study, we aimed to identify salt-tolerant ecotypes among the diverse wild types of Arabidopsis thaliana and elucidate their characteristics at the molecular level. As a result, we found that Catania-1 (Ct-1), one of the ecotypes of Arabidopsis, exhibits greater salt tolerance compared to Col-0. Specifically, Ct-1 exhibited less damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) than Col-0, despite not accumulating antioxidants like anthocyanins. Additionally, Ct-1 accumulated more potassium ions (K+) in its shoots and roots than Col-0 under high salinity, which is crucial for water balance and preventing dehydration. In contrast, Ct-1 plants were observed to accumulate slightly lower levels of Na+ than Col-0 in both root and shoot tissues, regardless of salt treatment. These findings suggest that Ct-1 plants achieve high salinity resistance not by extruding more Na+ than Col-0, but rather by absorbing more K+ or releasing less K+. Ct-1 exhibited higher nitrate (NO3-) levels than Col-0 under high salinity conditions, which is associated with enhanced retention of K+ ions. Additionally, genes involved in NO3- transport and uptake, such as NRT1.5 and NPF2.3, showed higher transcript levels in Ct-1 compared to Col-0 when exposed to high salinity. However, Ct-1 did not demonstrate significantly greater resistance to osmotic stress compared to Col-0. These findings suggest that enhancing plant tolerance to salt stress could involve targeting the cellular processes responsible for regulating the transport of NO3- and K+. Overall, our study sheds light on the mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance, emphasizing the importance of K+ and NO3- transport in crop improvement and food security in regions facing salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyoung Yang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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105
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Walker RM, Zhang M, Burnap RL. Elucidating the role of primary and secondary sphere Zn 2+ ligands in the cyanobacterial CO 2 uptake complex NDH-1 4: The essentiality of arginine in zinc coordination and catalysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149149. [PMID: 38906312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic carbon uptake in cyanobacteria is facilitated by an energetically intensive CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Specialized Type-1 NDH complexes function as a part of this mechanism to couple photosynthetic energy generated by redox reactions of the electron transport chain (ETC) to CO2 hydration. This active site of CO2 hydration incorporates an arginine side chain as a Zn ligand, diverging from the typical histidine and/or cysteine residues found in standard CAs. In this study, we focused on mutating three amino acids in the active site of the constitutively expressed NDH-14 CO2 hydration complex in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942: CupB-R91, which acts as a zinc ligand, and CupB-E95 and CupB-H89, both of which closely interact with the arginine ligand. These mutations aimed to explore how they affect the unusual metal ligation by CupB-R91 and potentially influence the unusual catalytic process. The most severe defects in activity among the targeted residues are due to a substitution of CupB-R91 and the ionically interacting E95 since both proved essential for the structural stability of the CupB protein. On the other hand, CupB-H89 mutations show a range of catalytic phenotypes indicating a role of this residue in the catalytic mechanism of CO2-hydration, but no evidence was obtained for aberrant carbonic anhydrase activity that would have indicated uncoupling of the CO2-hydration activity from proton pumping. The results are discussed in terms of possible alternative CO2 hydration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Minquan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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106
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Feng M, Liu Y, He B, Zhong H, Qu-Bie A, Li M, Luo M, Bao X, Li Y, Yan X, Sheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang S. An efficient flavonoid glycosyltransferase NjUGT73B1 from Nardostachys jatamansi of alpine Himalayas discovered by structure-based protein clustering. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 227:114228. [PMID: 39074762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Tilianin and linarin, two rare glycosylated flavonoids in the aromatic endangered medicinal plant Nardostachys jatamansi (D.on)DC., play an important role in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, food and dye industries. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of N. jatamansi resulted in the isolation of linarin. With help of AlphaFold2 to cluster the entire glycosyltransferase family based on predicted structure similarities, we successfully identified a flavonoid glycosyltransferase NjUGT73B1, which could efficiently catalyze the glucosylation of acacetin at 7-OH to produce tilianin, also the key precursor in the biosynthesis of linarin. Additionally, NjUGT73B1 displayed a high degree of substrate promiscuity, enabling glucosylation at 7-OH of many flavonoids. Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that H19, H21, H370, F126, and F127 play the crucial roles in the glycosylation ability of NjUGT73B1. Notably, comparation with the wild NjUGT73B1, mutant H19K led to a 50% increase in the activity of producing tilianin from acacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Feng
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Bin He
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairong Zhong
- Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Axiang Qu-Bie
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Li
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengting Luo
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610063, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinjia Yan
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Huachun Sheng
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Shaoshan Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 610225, China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225, China.
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107
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Pang Y, Peng Z, Ding K. An in-depth review: Unraveling the extraction, structure, bio-functionalities, target molecules, and applications of pectic polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122457. [PMID: 39174094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides have long been a challenging subject of research in the field of macromolecular science, given their complex structures and wide range of biological effects. However, the extensive exploration of pectic polysaccharides has been limited due to the intricacy of their structures. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a thorough summary of the existing knowledge on pectic polysaccharides, with a particular focus on aspects such as classification, extraction methodologies, structural analysis, elucidation of biological activities, and exploration of target molecules and signaling pathways. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and research achievements, we strive to establish a comprehensive and systematic framework that can serve as a reference and guide for further investigations into pectic polysaccharides. Furthermore, this review delves into the applications of pectic polysaccharides beyond their fundamental attributes and characteristics, exploring their potential in fields such as materials, food, and pharmaceuticals. We pay special attention to the promising opportunities for pectic polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical domain and provide an overview of related drug development research. The aim of this review is to facilitate a holistic understanding of pectic polysaccharides by incorporating multifaceted research, providing valuable insights for further in-depth investigations into this significant polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Pang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhigang Peng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; China School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Kan Ding
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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108
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Wei W, Shi Z, Yuan M, Yang S, Gao J. Mycorrhizal status regulates plant phenological mismatch caused by warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175117. [PMID: 39084389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhiza is an important functional feature of plants, which plays a vital role in regulating plant phenology in response to environmental changes. However, the effect of mycorrhiza on plant phenological asymmetry in response to climate changes is still rarely reported. Based on a global database of mycorrhizal statuses (obligately mycorrhizal, OM and facultatively mycorrhizal, FM) and phenology, we demonstrated that mycorrhizas reduce the phenological mismatches between above- and below-ground plant responses to climate warming under OM status. The mismatch of above- and below-ground growing season length of FM plants to warming was as high as 10.65 days, 9.1925 days and 12.36 days in total, herbaceous and woody plants, respectively. The mismatch of growing season length of OM plants was only 2.12 days, -0.61 days and 7.64 days among plant groups, which was much lower than that of FM plants. Correlation analysis indicated that OM plants stabilized plant phenology by regulating the relationship between the start of the growing season and the length of the growing season. Path analysis found that herbaceous plants and woody plants reduced phenological mismatches by stabilizing below-ground and above-ground phenology, respectively. In exploring the effects of mycorrhizal status on early- or late-season phenophases, we found that different mycorrhizal statuses affected the response of early- or late-season phenophase to warming. OM promoted the advance of early-season phenophase, and FM promoted the delay of late-season phenophase among different plant groups. In different regions, OM and FM promoted the advance of early-season phenophase in temperate and boreal regions, respectively. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal status mediates plant phenological response to warming, so the potential effects of mycorrhizal status should be considered when studying plant phenology changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China.
| | - Mingli Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiakai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
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109
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Mamun MA, Lee BR, Park SH, Muchlas M, Bae DW, Kim TH. Interactive regulation of immune-related resistance genes with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in systemic acquired resistance in the Xanthomonas-Brassica pathosystem. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154323. [PMID: 39106735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen-responsive immune-related genes (resistance genes [R-genes]) and hormones are crucial mediators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, their integrated functions in regulating SAR signaling components in local and distal leaves remain largely unknown. To characterize SAR in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)-Brassica napus pathosystem, the responses of R-genes, (leaf and phloem) hormone levels, H2O2 levels, and Ca2+ signaling-related genes were assessed in local and distal leaves of plants exposed to four Xcc-treatments: Non-inoculation (control), only secondary Xcc-inoculation in distal leaves (C-Xcc), only primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves (Xcc), and both primary and secondary Xcc-inoculation (X-Xcc). The primary Xcc-inoculation provoked disease symptoms as evidenced by enlarged destructive necrosis in the local leaves of Xcc and X-Xcc plants 7 days post-inoculation. Comparing visual symptoms in distal leaves 5 days post-secondary inoculation, yellowish necrotic lesions were clearly observed in non Xcc-primed plants (C-Xcc), whereas no visual symptom was developed in Xcc-primed plants (X-Xcc), demonstrating SAR. Pathogen resistance in X-Xcc plants was characterized by distinct upregulations in expression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)-related kinase-encoding gene, BIK1, the (CC-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, ZAR1, and its signaling-related gene, NDR1, with a concurrent enhancement of the kinase-encoding gene, MAPK6, and a depression of the (TIR-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, TAO1, and its signaling-related gene, SGT1, in distal leaves. Further, in X-Xcc plants, higher salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, both in phloem and distal leaves, were accompanied by enhanced expressions of the SA-signaling gene, NPR3, the JA-signaling genes, LOX2 and PDF1.2, and the Ca2+-signaling genes, CAS and CBP60g. However, in distal leaves of C-Xcc plants, an increase in SA level resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which enhanced only SA-dependent signaling, EDS1 and NPR1. These results demonstrate that primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves induces resistance to subsequent pathogen attack by upregulating BIK1-ZAR1-mediated synergistic interactions with SA and JA signaling as a crucial component of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Muchamad Muchlas
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Core-Facility Center for High-Tech Materials Analysis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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He C, Du W, Ma Z, Jiang W, Pang Y. Identification and analysis of flavonoid pathway genes in responsive to drought and salinity stress in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154320. [PMID: 39111193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds are widely present in various organs and tissues of different plants, playing important roles when plants are exposed to abiotic stresses. Different types of flavonoids are biosynthesized by a series of enzymes that are encoded by a range of gene families. In this study, a total of 63 flavonoid pathway genes were identified from the genome of Medicago truncatula. Gene structure analysis revealed that they all have different gene structure, with most CHS genes containing only one intron. Additionally, analysis of promoter sequences revealed that many cis-acting elements responsive to abiotic stress are located in the promoter region of flavonoid pathway genes. Furthermore, analysis on M. truncatula gene chip data revealed significant changes in expression level of most flavonoid pathway genes under the induction of salt or drought treatment. qRT-PCR further confirmed significant increase in expression level of several flavonoid pathway genes under NaCl and mannitol treatments, with CHS1, CHS9, CHS10, F3'H4 and F3'H5 genes showing significant up-regulation, indicating they are key genes in response to abiotic stress in M. truncatula. In summary, our study identified key flavonoid pathway genes that were involved in salt and drought response, which provides important insights into possible modification of flavonoid pathway genes for molecular breeding of forage grass with improved abiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zelong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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111
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Shah K, Zhu X, Zhang T, Chen J, Chen J, Qin Y. The poetry of nitrogen and carbon metabolic shifts: The role of C/N in pitaya phase change. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112240. [PMID: 39208994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pitaya, a desert plant, has an underexplored flowering mechanism due to a lack of functional validation assays. This study reveals that the transition from vegetative to generative growth in pitaya is regulated by significant metabolic shift, underscoring the importance of understanding and address the challenging issue pitaya's phase change. Lateral buds from 6-years-old 'Guanhuahong' pitaya (Hylocereus monacanthus) plants were collected on April 8th, 18th, and 28th 2023, representing early, middle, and late stages of phase transition, respectively. Results showed diminished nitrogen levels concurrent with increased carbon levels and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios during pitaya phase transition. Transcriptomic analysis identified batches of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in downregulating nitrogen metabolism and upregulating carbon metabolism. These batches of genes play a central role in the metabolic shifts that predominantly regulate the transition to the generative phase in pitaya. This study unveils the intricate regulatory network involving 6 sugar synthesis and transport, 11 photoperiod (e.g., PHY, CRY, PIF) and 6 vernalization (e.g., VIN3) pathways, alongside 11 structural flowering genes (FCA, FLK, LFY, AGL) out of a vast array of potential candidates in pitaya phase change. These findings provide insights into the metabolic pathways involved in pitaya's phase transition, offering a theoretical framework for managing flowering, guiding breeding strategies to optimize flowering timing and improve crop yields under varied nitrogen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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112
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Bhardwaj E, Pokhriyal E, Jain A, Lal M, Khari M, Jalan K, Das S. The non-canonically organized members of MIR395 gene family in Brassica juncea are associated with developmentally regulated, sulfate-stress responsive bidirectional promoters that exhibit orientation-dependent differential transcriptional activity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112214. [PMID: 39127349 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Several MICRORNA genes belonging to same family or different families are often found in homologous or non-homologous clusters. Among the various classes, head-to-head arranged genes form one of the largest categories of non-canonically organized genes. Such head-to-head arranged, non-canonically organized genes possibly share cis-regulatory region with the intergenic sequence having the potential to function as bi-directional promoter (BDP). The transcriptional regulation of head-to-head arranged genes, especially with bidirectional promoters, remains an enigma. In the past, bidirectional promoters have been characterized for a small set of protein-coding gene pairs in plants; however, to the best of our knowledge, no such study has been carried so far for MICRORNA genes. The present study thus functionally characterizes bidirectional promoters associated with members of MIR395 family, which is evolutionary conserved and is most frequently occurring cluster across plant kingdom. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the MIR395 gene family contains six members with two head-to-head arranged gene pairs- MIR395A-B and MIR395E-F. This organization was found to be conserved at seven loci for MIR395A-B, and eleven loci for MIR395E-F in five Brassica sps. Sequence analysis of the putative bidirectional promoters revealed variation in length, GC content and distribution of strict TATA-box. Comparatively higher level of conservation at both the ends of the bidirectional promoters, corresponding to ca. 250 bp upstream of 5'end of the respective MIRNA precursor, was observed. These conserved regions harbour several abiotic stress (nutrient, salt, drought) and hormone (ABA, ethylene) responsive cis-motifs. Functional characterization of putative bidirectional promoters associated with MIR395A-B and MIR395E-F from Arabidopsis and their respective orthologs from Brassica juncea (Bj_A08 MIR395A-B, Bj_B03 MIR395A-B, Bj_A07.1 MIR395E-F and Bj_A07.2 MIR395E-F) was carried out using a dual-reporter vector with β-glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Analysis of transcriptional regulation of the two reporter genes - GUS and GFP during developmental stages confirmed their bidirectional nature. Orientation-dependent differential reporter activity indicated asymmetric nature of the promoters. Comparison of the reporter activity amongst orthologs, paralogs and homeologs revealed regulatory diversification, an outcome expected in polyploid genomes. Interestingly, reporter gene activities driven by selected bidirectional promoters were also observed in anther and siliques apart vegetative tissues indicating role of miR395 in anther and fruit development. Finally, we evaluated the activity of reporter genes driven under transcriptional regulation of bidirectional promoters under normal and sulfate-deprived conditions which revealed asymmetric inducibility under sulfate-starvation, in agreement with the known role of miR395 in sulfate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ekta Pokhriyal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mukund Lal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Megha Khari
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Komal Jalan
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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113
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Yan Y, Zhu X, Qi H, Wang Y, Zhang H, He J. Rice seed storability: From molecular mechanisms to agricultural practices. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112215. [PMID: 39151802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The storability of rice seeds is crucial for ensuring flexible planting options, agricultural seed security, and global food safety. With the intensification of global climate change and the constant fluctuations in agricultural production conditions, enhancing the storability of rice seeds has become particularly important. Seed storability is a complex quantitative trait regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. This article reviews the main regulatory mechanisms of rice seed storability, including the accumulation of seed storage proteins, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock proteins, sugar signaling, hormonal regulation by gibberellins and abscisic acid, and the role of the ubiquitination pathway. Additionally, this article explores the improvement of storability using wild rice genes, molecular marker-assisted selection, and gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 in rice breeding. By providing a comprehensive scientific foundation and practical guidance, this review aims to promote the development of rice varieties with enhanced storability to meet evolving agricultural demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Yan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Hui Qi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China; Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Jiwai He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China.
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114
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Yu S, Zhang S, Lu L, Liu L, Liang J, Lang S, Wang C, Wang L, Li Z. Effects of combined ultrasound and calcium ion pretreatments on polyphenols during mung bean germination: Exploring underlying mechanisms. Food Res Int 2024; 195:114947. [PMID: 39277225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Mung beans were pretreated with a combination of ultrasonic and calcium ion to enhance the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity during germination. Changes in polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity during germination, along with underlying mechanisms, were investigated. Both single ultrasound and combined ultrasound-Ca2+ pretreatments significantly increased the polyphenol content and enhanced the antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) of mung beans depending on germination period. Among 74 polyphenolic metabolites identified in germinated mung beans, 50 were differential. Notably, 23 of these metabolites showed a significant positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Ultrasound pretreatment promoted flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas ultrasound-Ca2+ pretreatment favored the tyrosine synthesis pathway. Polyphenol composition and accumulation changes were mainly influenced by metabolic pathways like flavonoid, isoflavonoid, anthocyanin, and flavone/flavonol biosynthesis. The results suggest that ultrasound alone or combined with calcium ion pretreatments effectively enhance mung bean polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Yu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Lele Lu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shuangjing Lang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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115
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Mrnjavac N, Degli Esposti M, Mizrahi I, Martin WF, Allen JF. Three enzymes governed the rise of O 2 on Earth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149495. [PMID: 39004113 PMCID: PMC7616410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Current views of O2 accumulation in Earth history depict three phases: The onset of O2 production by ∼2.4 billion years ago; 2 billion years of stasis at ∼1 % of modern atmospheric levels; and a rising phase, starting about 500 million years ago, in which oxygen eventually reached modern values. Purely geochemical mechanisms have been proposed to account for this tripartite time course of Earth oxygenation. In particular the second phase, the long period of stasis between the advent of O2 and the late rise to modern levels, has posed a puzzle. Proposed solutions involve Earth processes (geochemical, ecosystem, day length). Here we suggest that Earth oxygenation was not determined by geochemical processes. Rather it resulted from emergent biological innovations associated with photosynthesis and the activity of only three enzymes: 1) The oxygen evolving complex of cyanobacteria that makes O2; 2) Nitrogenase, with its inhibition by O2 causing two billion years of oxygen level stasis; 3) Cellulose synthase of land plants, which caused mass deposition and burial of carbon, thus removing an oxygen sink and therefore increasing atmospheric O2. These three enzymes are endogenously produced by, and contained within, cells that have the capacity for exponential growth. The catalytic properties of these three enzymes paved the path of Earth's atmospheric oxygenation, requiring no help from Earth other than the provision of water, CO2, salts, colonizable habitats, and sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mrnjavac
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Marcus Family Campus, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - William F Martin
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - John F Allen
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.
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Biswas S, Khaing EP, Zhong V, Eaton-Rye JJ. Arg24 and 26 of the D2 protein are important for photosystem II assembly and plastoquinol exchange in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149150. [PMID: 38906313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) assembly is a stepwise process involving preassembly complexes or modules focused around four core PS II proteins. The current model of PS II assembly in cyanobacteria is derived from studies involving the deletion of one or more of these core subunits. Such deletions may destabilize other PS II assembly intermediates, making constructing a clear picture of the intermediate events difficult. Information on plastoquinone exchange pathways operating within PS II is also unclear and relies heavily on computer-aided simulations. Deletion of PsbX in [S. Biswas, J.J. Eaton-Rye, Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenerg. 1863 (2022) 148519] suggested modified QB binding in PS II lacking this subunit. This study has indicated the phenotype of the ∆PsbX mutant arose by disrupting a conserved hydrogen bond between PsbX and the D2 (PsbD) protein. We mutated two conserved arginine residues (D2:Arg24 and D2:Arg26) to further understand the observations made with the ∆PsbX mutant. Mutating Arg24 disrupted the interaction between PsbX and D2, replicating the high-light sensitivity and altered fluorescence decay kinetics observed in the ∆PsbX strain. The Arg26 residue, on the other hand, was more important for either PS II assembly or for stabilizing the fully assembled complex. The effects of mutating both arginine residues to alanine or aspartate were severe enough to render the corresponding double mutants non-photoautotrophic. Our study furthers our knowledge of the amino-acid interactions stabilizing plastoquinone-exchange pathways while providing a platform to study PS II assembly and repair without the actual deletion of any proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ei Phyo Khaing
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Victor Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Rob MM, Akhter D, Islam T, Bhattacharjya DK, Shoaib Khan MS, Islam F, Chen J. Copper stress in rice: Perception, signaling, bioremediation and future prospects. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154314. [PMID: 39033671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays a vital role in different physiological processes. However, excessive Cu accumulation in agricultural soil, often through anthropogenic action, poses a potential risk to plant health and crop productivity. This review article provided a comprehensive overview of the available information regarding Cu dynamics in agricultural soils, major sources of Cu contamination, factors influencing its mobility and bioavailability, and mechanisms of Cu uptake and translocation in rice plants. This review examined the impact of Cu toxicity on the germination, growth, and photosynthesis of rice plants. It also highlighted molecular mechanisms underlying Cu stress signaling and the plant defense strategy, involving chelation, compartmentalization, and antioxidant responses. This review also identified significant areas that need further research, such as Cu uptake mechanism in rice, Cu signaling process, and the assessment of Cu-polluted paddy soil and rice toxicity under diverse environmental conditions. The development of rice varieties with reduced Cu accumulation through comprehensive breeding programs is also necessary. Regulatory measures, fungicide management, plant selection, soil and environmental investigation are recommended to prevent Cu buildup in agricultural lands to achieve sustainable agricultural goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rob
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhe, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Delara Akhter
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Debu Kumar Bhattacharjya
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sherebangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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118
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Yan W, Lu P, Liu Y, Hou Z, Fu L, Shi J, Zhenfei G, Zhu H. Comprehensive evaluation of phosphate deficiency tolerance in common vetch germplasms and the adaption mechanism to phosphate deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154317. [PMID: 39068773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is widely planted as forage, green manure and food. Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is an important constraint for legume crop production. In this study, P-deficiency tolerance in 40 common vetch collections was evaluated under hydroponic condition. The collections were clustered into three groups based on the tolerance level. Physiological responses to P-deficiency in two tolerant collections (418 and 426) in comparison with one sensitive collection (415) were investigated. Greater growth inhibition was observed in sensitive collection compared with two tolerant collections, although the inorganic phosphorus (P) content in sensitive collection was higher than those in tolerant collections. The internal and external purple acid phosphatase activity in plants showed no significant difference between 418 and 415 under low phosphate condition. Transcriptomic analysis in the tolerant collection 426 in response to Pi starvation showed that many common adaptive strategies were applied and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE (PHR)-related Pi signaling and transporter genes were altered. VsPHT1.2 had the highest expression level in root among all VsPHT1s, and it was remarkably upregulated after short time of P-deficiency treatment in tolerant collections compared with sensitive collection. In conclusion, common vetch response to P starvation by altering the expressions of core genes involved in Pi transport and signaling, and the elevated expression of VsPHT1.2 gene might contribute to higher Pi acquisition efficiency in P-deficiency tolerant collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yan
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zigang Hou
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liran Fu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo Zhenfei
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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119
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Han M, Chen Z, Sun G, Feng Y, Guo Y, Bai S, Yan X. Nano-Fe 3O 4: Enhancing the tolerance of Elymus nutans to Cd stress through regulating programmed cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124711. [PMID: 39128602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) poses a significant threat to plant growth and the environment. Nano-Fe3O4 is effective in alleviating Cd stress in plants. Elymus nutans Griseb. is an important fodder crop on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, the potential mechanism by which nano-Fe3O4 alleviates Cd stress in E. nutans is not well understood. E. nutans were subjected to single Cd, single nano-Fe3O4, and co-treatment with nano-Fe3O4 and Cd, and the effects on morphology, Cd uptake, antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and programmed cell death (PCD) were studied to clarify the regulatory mechanism of nano-Fe3O4. The results showed that Cd stress significantly decreased the germination percentage and biomass of E. nutans. The photosynthetic pigment content decreased significantly under Cd stress. Cd stress also caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, accumulation of excessive ROS, resulting in PCD, but the effect of nano-Fe3O4 was different. Seed germination, seedling growth, and physiological processes were analyzed to elucidate the regulatory role of nano-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in promoting photosynthesis, reducing Cd accumulation, scavenging ROS, and regulating PCD, to promote seed germination and seedling growth in E. nutans. This report provides a scientific basis for improving the tolerance of Elymus to Cd stress by using nano-Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yuxi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuxia Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Voland RW, Coleman RE, Lancaster KM. The structure of Mn(II)-bound Rubisco from Spinacia oleracea. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 260:112682. [PMID: 39094246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The rate of photosynthesis and, thus, CO2 fixation, is limited by the rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Not only does Rubisco have a relatively low catalytic rate, but it also is promiscuous regarding the metal identity in the active site of the large subunit. In Nature, Rubisco binds either Mg(II) or Mn(II), depending on the chloroplastic ratio of these metal ions; most studies performed with Rubisco have focused on Mg-bound Rubisco. Herein, we report the first crystal structure of a Mn-bound Rubisco, and we compare its structural properties to those of its Mg-bound analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Voland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, 162 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rachael E Coleman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, 162 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, 162 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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121
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Zhang Y, Ku YS, Cheung TY, Cheng SS, Xin D, Gombeau K, Cai Y, Lam HM, Chan TF. Challenges to rhizobial adaptability in a changing climate: Genetic engineering solutions for stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2024; 288:127886. [PMID: 39232483 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Rhizobia interact with leguminous plants in the soil to form nitrogen fixing nodules in which rhizobia and plant cells coexist. Although there are emerging studies on rhizobium-associated nitrogen fixation in cereals, the legume-rhizobium interaction is more well-studied and usually serves as the model to study rhizobium-mediated nitrogen fixation in plants. Rhizobia play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle in many ecosystems. However, rhizobia are highly sensitive to variations in soil conditions and physicochemical properties (i.e. moisture, temperature, salinity, pH, and oxygen availability). Such variations directly caused by global climate change are challenging the adaptive capabilities of rhizobia in both natural and agricultural environments. Although a few studies have identified rhizobial genes that confer adaptation to different environmental conditions, the genetic basis of rhizobial stress tolerance remains poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the importance of improving the survival of rhizobia in soil to enhance their symbiosis with plants, which can increase crop yields and facilitate the establishment of sustainable agricultural systems. To achieve this goal, we summarize the key challenges imposed by global climate change on rhizobium-plant symbiosis and collate current knowledge of stress tolerance-related genes and pathways in rhizobia. And finally, we present the latest genetic engineering approaches, such as synthetic biology, implemented to improve the adaptability of rhizobia to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yee-Shan Ku
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz-Yan Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kewin Gombeau
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Tiemblo-Martín M, Pistorio V, Saake P, Mahdi L, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Di Girolamo R, Di Carluccio C, Marchetti R, Molinaro A, Solís D, Zuccaro A, Silipo A. Structure and properties of the exopolysaccharide isolated from Flavobacterium sp. Root935. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122433. [PMID: 39174078 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Flavobacterium strains exert a substantial influence on roots and leaves of plants. However, there is still limited understanding of how the specific interactions between Flavobacterium and their plant hosts are and how these bacteria thrive in this competitive environment. A crucial step in understanding Flavobacterium - plant interactions is to unravel the structure of bacterial envelope components and the molecular features that facilitate initial contact with the host environment. Here, we have revealed structure and properties of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Flavobacterium sp. Root935. Chemical analyses revealed a complex and interesting branched heptasaccharidic repeating unit, containing a variety of sugar moieties, including Rha, Fuc, GlcN, Fuc4N, Gal, Man and QuiN and an important and extended substitution pattern, including acetyl and lactyl groups. Additionally, conformational analysis using molecular dynamics simulation showed an extended hydrophobic interface and a distinctly elongated, left-handed helicoidal arrangement. Furthermore, properties of the saccharide chain, and likely the huge substitution pattern prevented interaction and recognition by host lectins and possessed a low immunogenic potential, highlighting a potential role of Flavobacterium sp. Root935 in plant-microbial crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tiemblo-Martín
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Saake
- University of Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Mahdi
- University of Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - María Asunción Campanero-Rhodes
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Carluccio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- University of Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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123
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Beringue A, Queffelec J, Le Lann C, Sulmon C. Sublethal pesticide exposure in non-target terrestrial ecosystems: From known effects on individuals to potential consequences on trophic interactions and network functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119620. [PMID: 39032619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the intensification of agriculture has resulted in an increasing use of pesticides, which has led to widespread contamination of non-target ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Plants and arthropods inhabiting these systems are therefore chronically exposed to, at least, low levels of pesticides through direct pesticide drift, but also through the contamination of their nutrient sources (e.g. soil water or host/prey tissues). Pesticides (herbicides, acaricides/insecticides and fungicides) are chemical substances used to control pests, such as weeds, phytophagous arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms. These molecules are designed to disturb specific physiological mechanisms and induce mortality in targeted organisms. However, under sublethal exposure, pesticides also affect biological processes including metabolism, development, reproduction or inter-specific interactions even in organisms that do not possess the molecular target of the pesticide. Despite the broad current knowledge on sublethal effects of pesticides on organisms, their adverse effects on trophic interactions are less investigated, especially within terrestrial trophic networks. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects, both target and non-target, of sublethal exposures to pesticides on traits involved in trophic interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We also discuss how these effects may impact ecosystem functioning by analyzing studies investigating the responses of Plant-Phytophage-Natural enemy trophic networks to pesticides. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and research prospects in the understanding of the effects of pesticides on trophic interactions and networks in non-target terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Beringue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France.
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124
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Khodayari A, Hirn U, Spirk S, Ogawa Y, Seveno D, Thielemans W. Advancing plant cell wall modelling: Atomistic insights into cellulose, disordered cellulose, and hemicelluloses - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122415. [PMID: 39174111 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of plant cell walls on different hierarchical levels still impedes the detailed understanding of biosynthetic pathways, interferes with processing in industry and finally limits applicability of cellulose materials. While there exist many challenges to readily accessing these hierarchies at (sub-) angström resolution, the development of advanced computational methods has the potential to unravel important questions in this field. Here, we summarize the contributions of molecular dynamics simulations in advancing the understanding of the physico-chemical properties of natural fibres. We aim to present a comprehensive view of the advancements and insights gained from molecular dynamics simulations in the field of carbohydrate polymers research. The review holds immense value as a vital reference for researchers seeking to undertake atomistic simulations of plant cell wall constituents. Its significance extends beyond the realm of molecular modeling and chemistry, as it offers a pathway to develop a more profound comprehension of plant cell wall chemistry, interactions, and behavior. By delving into these fundamental aspects, the review provides invaluable insights into future perspectives for exploration. Researchers within the molecular modeling and carbohydrates community can greatly benefit from this resource, enabling them to make significant strides in unraveling the intricacies of plant cell wall dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Centre de recherches sur les macromolécules végétales, CERMAV-CNRS, CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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125
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Pfleger A, Arc E, Grings M, Gnaiger E, Roach T. Flavodiiron proteins prevent the Mehler reaction in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149497. [PMID: 39048034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pfleger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Austria
| | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Austria
| | - Mateus Grings
- Oroboros Instruments GmbH, Schöpfstraße 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments GmbH, Schöpfstraße 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Austria.
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126
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Birgersson PS, Chahal AS, Klau LJ, Holte HB, Arlov Ø, Aachmann FL. Structural characterization and immunomodulating assessment of ultra-purified water extracted fucoidans from Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta and Laminaria hyperborea. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122448. [PMID: 39174088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Fucoidans, a group of high molecular weight polysaccharides derived mainly from brown algae, are characterized by their high fucose content, degree of sulfation (DS), and intra- and interspecific structural variation. Fucoidans are increasingly recognized due to various reported bioactivities, potentially beneficial for human health. To unlock their potential use within biomedical applications, a better understanding of their structure-functional relationship is needed. To achieve this, systematic bioactivity studies based on well-defined, pure fucoidans, and the establishment of standardized, satisfactory purification protocols are required. We performed a comprehensive compositional and structural characterization of crude and ultra-purified fucoidans from three kelps: Saccharina latissima (SL), Alaria esculenta (AE) and Laminaria hyperborea (LH). Further, the complement-inhibiting activity of the purified fucoidans was assessed in a human whole blood model. The purification process led to fucoidans with higher DS and fucose and lower concentrations of other monosaccharides. Fucoidans from SL and LH resembles homofucans, while AE is a heterofucan rich in galactose with comparably lower DS. Fucoidans from SL and LH showed complement-inhibiting activity in blood and blood plasma, while no inhibition was observed for AE under the same conditions. The results emphasize the importance of high DS and possibly fucose content for fucoidans' bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Birgersson
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Aman S Chahal
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands vei 3 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Leesa J Klau
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Process Technology, SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helle Bratsberg Holte
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands vei 3 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Arlov
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands vei 3 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Zhu L, Li X, Yang Z, Hao C, Li H, Qin X. The yellow-cotyledon gene (ATYCO) is a crucial factor for thylakoid formation and photosynthesis regulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112208. [PMID: 39089330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplast development underpins plant growth, by facilitating not only photosynthesis but also other essential biochemical processes. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms and functional components of chloroplast development remain largely uncharacterized due to their complexity. In our study, we identified a plastid-targeted gene, ATYCO/RP8/CDB1, as a critical factor in early chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana. YCO knock-out mutant (yco) exhibited a seedling-lethal, albino phenotype, resulting from dysfunctional chloroplasts lacking thylakoid membranes. Conversely, YCO knock-down mutants produced a chlorophyll-deficient cotyledon and normal leaves when supplemented with sucrose. Transcription analysis also revealed that YCO deficiency could be partially compensated by sucrose supplementation, and that YCO played different roles in the cotyledons and the true leaves. In YCO knock-down mutants, the transcript levels of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent genes and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes, as well as the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins, were significantly reduced in the cotyledons. Moreover, the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype in YCO knock-down line can be effectively suppressed by inhibition of PSI cyclic electron transport activity, implying an interaction between YCO and PSI cyclic electron transport. Taken together, our findings de underscore the vital role of YCO in early chloroplast development and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zonghui Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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128
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Bai X, Tang M, Hu X, Huang P, Wu Y, Chen T, He H, Xu ZF. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus with contrasting oil contents in tubers defines genes and regulatory networks involved in oil accumulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112230. [PMID: 39154894 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Plant vegetative organs present great potential for lipid storage, with tubers of Cyperus esculentus as a unique example. To investigate the genome and transcriptomic features of C. esculentus and related species, we sequenced and assembled the C. esculentus genome at the contig level. Through a comparative study of high-quality transcriptomes across 36 tissues from high-oil and intermediate-oil C. esculentus and low-oil Cyperus rotundus, we identified potential genes and regulatory networks related to tuber oil accumulation. First, we identified tuber-specific genes in two C. esculentus cultivars. Second, genes involved in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, triacylglycerol synthesis, and TAG packaging presented increased activity in the later stages of tuber development. Notably, tubers with high oil contents presented higher levels of these genes than those with intermediate oil contents did, whereas tubers with low oil contents presented minimal gene expression. Notably, a large fragment of the FA biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme-encoding gene BCCP1 was missing from the C. rotundus transcript, which might be responsible for blocking FA biosynthesis in its tubers. WGCNA pinpointed a gene module linked to tuber oil accumulation, with a coexpression network involving the transcription factors WRI1, MYB4, and bHLH68. The ethylene-related genes in this module suggest a role for ethylene signaling in oil accumulation, which is supported by the finding that ethylene (ETH) treatment increases the oil content in C. esculentus tubers. This study identified potential genes and networks associated with tuber oil accumulation in C. esculentus, highlighting the role of specific genes, transcription factors, and ethylene signaling in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China.
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Tao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Hiya HJ, Nakashima Y, Takeuchi A, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Murata Y, Munemasa S. Outward-rectifying potassium channels GORK and SKOR function in regulation of root growth under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154322. [PMID: 39137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants often face high salinity as a significant environmental challenge with roots being the first responders to this stress. Maintaining K+/Na+ ratio within plant cells is crucial for survival, as the intracellular K+ level decreases and the intracellular Na+ level increases under saline conditions. However, knowledge about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of K+ loss in response to salt stress through outward-rectifying K+ channels in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis double mutant gorkskor, in which the GORK and SKOR genes are disrupted, showed an improved primary root growth under salt stress compared to wild-type (WT) and the gork and skor single-mutant plants. No significant differences in the sensitivity to mannitol stress between the WT and gorkskor mutant were observed. Accumulation of ROS induced by salt stress was reduced in the gorkskor roots. The gorkskor mutant seedlings had significantly higher K+ content, lower Na+ content, and a greater resultant K+/Na+ ratio than the WT under salt stress. Moreover, salt-stress-induced elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was reduced in the gorkskor roots. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis Shaker-type outward-rectifying K+ channels GORK and SKOR may redundantly function in regulation of primary root growth under salt stress and are involved in not only the late-stage response (e.g. K+ leakage) but also the early response including ROS production and [Ca2+]cyt elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Jahan Hiya
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakashima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Airi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Farooq MA, Ayyaz A, Zou HX, Zhou W, Hannan F, Yan X. Jasmonic acid mediates Ca 2+ dependent signal transduction and plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112239. [PMID: 39197534 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen attacks can cause significant damage to plants, posing a threaten to global food production. Plants have developed exquisite methods to rapidly store a key defensive hormone jasmonate (JA), which stimulates their entire evolutionary adaptive response to pathogen attack. However, understanding how plants initiate JA biosynthesis in response to pathogen attacks has remained elusive. In this review, we discuss the newly discovered JAV1-JAZ8-WRKY51 (JJW) complex, which plays a crucial role in regulating JA production to deter insect attacks. The JJW complex inhibits JA production in plants, maintaining a low baseline level of JA that promotes optimal plant development. However, when plants are attacked by insects, a rapid influx of calcium stimulates the JAV1 calcium-dependent protein phosphate, leading to the breakdown of the JJW complex and the activation of JA production. This surge in JA levels, initiates plant defense mechanisms against the invading insects. These findings shed light on the intricate defense system that plants have evolved to combat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Xi Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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131
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Liu Q, Chen Z, He D, Pan A, Yuan J, Liu Y, Huang L, Feng Y. Assembly of root-associated bacterial community and soil health in cadmium-contaminated soil affected by nano/bulk-biochar compost associations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124619. [PMID: 39067738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has been proven effective in promoting the production of safety food in cadmium (Cd)-polluted soil and the impact can be further enhanced through interaction with compost (CM). However, there existed unclear impacts of biochar with varying particle sizes in conjunction with compost on microbiome composition, rhizosphere functions, and soil health. Hence, in this study, two bulk-biochar derived from wood chips and pig manure were fabricated into nano-biochar using a ball-milling method. Subsequently, in a field experiment, the root-associated bacterial community and microbial functions of lettuce were evaluated in respond to Cd-contaminated soil remediated with nano/bulk-BCCM. The results showed that compared to bulk-BCCM, nano-BCCM significantly reduced the Cd concentration in the edible part of lettuce and the available Cd in the soil. Both nano-BCCM and bulk-BCCM strongly influenced the composition of bacterial communities in the four root-associated niches, and enhanced rhizosphere functions involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon cycling, as well as the relative abundance and biodiversity of keystone modules in rhizosphere soil. Furthermore, soil quality index analysis indicated that nano-BCCM exhibited greater potential than bulk-BCCM in maintaining soil health. The data revealed that nano-BCCM could regulate the Cd concentration in lettuce shoot by promoting microbial biodiversity of keystone modules in soil-root continuum and rhizosphere bacterial functions. These findings suggest that nano-biochar compost associations can be a superior strategy for enhancing microbial functions, maintaining soil health, and ensuring crop production safety in the Cd-contaminated soil compared to the mix of bulk-biochar and compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan He
- Zhuji Economic Specialty Station, 311899, Zhuji, China
| | - Ancao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lukuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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132
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Wang Z, Li L, Han J, Bai X, Wei B, Fan R. Combined metabolomics and bioactivity assays kernelby-productsof two native Chinese cherry species: The sources of bioactive nutraceutical compounds. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101625. [PMID: 39100251 PMCID: PMC11296007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cherry kernels are a by-product of cherries that are usually discarded, leading to waste and pollution. In this study, the chemical composition of 21 batches of cherry kernels from two different cherry species was analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. The in vitro antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of these kernel extracts were also determined, and a correlation analysis was conducted between differential compounds and biological activity. A total of 49 differential compounds were screened. The kernels of Prunus tomentosa were found to have significantly higher total phenol, total flavonoid content, and biological activity than those of Prunus pseudocerasus (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that flavonoids had the greatest contribution to biological activity. The study suggests that both species of cherry kernel, particularly Prunus tomentosa, could be a potential source of bioactive compounds that could be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lin Li
- Developing Pediatric department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University,No.36Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jiaqi Han
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ronghua Fan
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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133
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Zhu M, Li F, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wei Y, Gao X. Preparation, bioactivities, and food industry applications of tuber and tuberous roots peptides: A review. Food Chem 2024; 456:140027. [PMID: 38870819 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tuber and tuberous roots proteins are important sources for producing bioactive peptides. The objective of this review is to present the current research status of tubers and tuberous roots bioactive peptides (TTRBP), including its preparation methods, purification techniques, structure identification approaches, biological functions, and applications in the food industry. Moreover, the current challenges and future development trends of TTRBP are elucidated. Currently, TTRBP are mainly produced by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Pretreatment like high static pressure, ultrasound and microwave can assist enzymatic hydrolysis and facilitate TTRBP production. In addition, TTRBP are structurally diverse, which is related to the molecular weight, amino acids composition, and linkage mode. Accordingly, they have various biological activities (such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic) and have been utilized in the food industry as functional ingredients and food additives. This review will provide valuable insights for the optimal utilization of tuber and tuberous roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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134
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Pavlović M, Šokarda Slavić M, Kojić M, Margetić A, Ristović M, Drulović N, Vujčić Z. Unveiling novel insights into Bacillus velezensis 16B pectin lyase for improved fruit juice processing. Food Chem 2024; 456:140030. [PMID: 38909459 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Microbial pectinolytic enzymes are important in various industries, particularly food processing. This study focuses on uncovering insights into a novel pectin lyase, BvPelB, from Bacillus velezensis 16B, with the aim of enhancing fruit juice processing. The study examines the structural and functional characteristics of pectinolytic enzyme, underscoring the critical nature of substrate specificity and enzymatic reaction mechanisms. BvPelB was successfully expressed and purified, exhibiting robust activity under alkaline conditions and thermal stability. Structural analysis revealed similarities with other pectin lyases, despite limited sequence identity. Biochemical characterization showed BvPelB's preference for highly methylated pectins and its endo-acting mode of cleavage. Treatment with BvPelB significantly increased juice yield and clarity without generating excessive methanol, making it a promising candidate for fruit juice processing. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the enzymatic properties of BvPelB and its potential industrial applications in improving fruit juice processing efficiency and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pavlović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marinela Šokarda Slavić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Margetić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Ristović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Drulović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade -Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- University of Belgrade -Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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135
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Li YT, Liu DH, Luo Y, Abbas Khan M, Mahmood Alam S, Liu YZ. Transcriptome analysis reveals the key network of axillary bud outgrowth modulated by topping in citrus. Gene 2024; 926:148623. [PMID: 38821328 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Topping, an important tree shaping and pruning technique, can promote the outgrowth of citrus axillary buds. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, spring shoots of Citrus reticulata 'Huagan No.2' were topped and transcriptome was compared between axillary buds of topped and untopped shoots at 6 and 11 days after topping (DAT). 1944 and 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at 6 and 11 DAT, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that many DEGs were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, signal transduction of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. Specially, transcript levels of auxin synthesis, transport, and signaling-related genes (SAURs and ARF5), cytokinin signal transduction related genes (CRE1, AHP and Type-A ARRs), ABA signal responsive genes (PYL and ABF) were up-regulated by topping; while transcript levels of auxin receptor TIR1, auxin responsive genes AUX/IAAs, ABA signal transduction related gene PP2Cs and synthesis related genes NCED3 were down-regulated. On the other hand, the contents of sucrose and fructose in axillary buds of topped shoots were significantly higher than those in untopped shoots; transcript levels of 16 genes related to sucrose synthase, hexokinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, endoglucanase and glucosidase, were up-regulated in axillary buds after topping. In addition, transcript levels of genes related to trehalose 6-phosphate metabolism and glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well to some transcription factors including Pkinase, Pkinase_Tyr, Kinesin, AP2/ERF, P450, MYB, NAC and Cyclin_c, significantly responded to topping. Taken together, the present results suggested that topping promoted citrus axillary bud outgrowth through comprehensively regulating plant hormone and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as signal transduction. These results deepened our understanding of citrus axillary bud outgrowth by topping and laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms of citrus axillary bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Hai Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yin Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shariq Mahmood Alam
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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136
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Liang ZW, Guan YH, Lv Z, Yang SC, Zhang GH, Zhao YH, Zhao M, Chen JW. Optimization of saponin extraction from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium and evaluation of their antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101642. [PMID: 39113743 PMCID: PMC11304882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium are important economic plants that utilize dried roots for medicinal and food dual purposes; there is still insufficient research of their stems and leaves, which also contain triterpenoid saponins. The extraction process was developed with a total saponin content of 12.30 ± 0.34% and 12.19 ± 0.64% for P. notoginseng leaves (PNL) and P. quinquefolium leaves (PQL) extracts, respectively. PNL and PQL saponin extracts showed good antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and RAW264.7 cells. A total of 699 metabolites were identified in PNL and PQL saponin extracts, with the majority being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and amino acids. Fourteen ginsenosides, 18 flavonoids or alkaloids, and 16 amino acids were enriched in both saponin extracts. Overall, the utilization of saponins from medicinal plants PNL and PQL has been developed to facilitate systematic research in the functional food and natural product industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-He Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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137
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Yin X, Ren Z, Jia R, Wang X, Yu Q, Zhang L, Liu L, Shen W, Fang Z, Liang J, Liu B. Metabolic profiling and spatial metabolite distribution in wild soybean ( G. soja) and cultivated soybean ( G. max) seeds. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101717. [PMID: 39229612 PMCID: PMC11369396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild soybeans retain many substances significantly reduced or lost in cultivars during domestication. This study utilized LC-MS to analyze metabolites in the seed coats and embryos of wild and cultivated soybeans. 866 and 815 metabolites were identified in the seed extracts of both soybean types, with 35 and 10 significantly differing metabolites in the seed coat and embryos, respectively. The upregulated metabolites in wild soybeans are linked to plant defense, stress responses, and nitrogen cycling. MALDI-MSI results further elucidated the distribution of these differential metabolites in the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles. In addition to their role in physiological processes like growth and response to environmental stimuli, the prevalent terpenoids, lipids, and flavonoids present in wild soybeans exhibit beneficial bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and cardiovascular disease prevention properties. These findings underscore the potential of wild soybeans as a valuable resource for enhancing the nutritional and ecological adaptability of cultivated soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhentao Ren
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ruizong Jia
- Sanya Research Institution/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572011, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Laipan Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
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138
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Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang B, Song Z, Jiao F, Wu X, Feng Z, Chen X, Gao L, Li Y. A tonoplast-localized TPK-type K + transporter (TPKa) regulates potassium accumulation in tobacco. Gene 2024; 926:148576. [PMID: 38763364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) is one of the most essential nutrients for the growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), however, the molecular regulation of K+ concentration in tobacco remains unclear. In this study, a two-pore K (TPK) channel gene NtTPKa was cloned from tobacco, and NtTPKa protein contains the unique K+ selection motif GYGD and its transmembrane region primarily locates in the tonoplast membrane. The expression of NtTPKa gene was significantly increased under low-potassium stress conditions. The concentrations of K+ in tobacco were significantly increased in the NtTPKa RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants. In addition, the transport of K+ by NtTPKa was validated using patch clamp technique, and the results showed that NtTPKa channel protein exclusively transported K+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, our results strongly suggested that NtTPKa is a key gene in maintaining K+ homeostasis in tobacco, and it could provide a new genetic resource for increasing the concentration of K+ in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Fangchan Jiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xingfu Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China.
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139
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Zou R, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Preparation, pungency and bioactivity transduction of piperine from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2024; 456:139980. [PMID: 38850607 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Piperine, derived from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), is responsible for the pungent sensation. The diverse bioactivities of piperine underscores its promising potential as a functional food ingredient. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research progress in extraction, synthesis, pungency transduction mechanism and bioactivities of piperine. Piperine can be extracted through various methods, such as traditional, modern, and innovative extraction techniques. Its synthesis mainly included both chemical and biosynthetic approaches. It exhibits a diverse range of bioactivities, including anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities. Piperine can bind to TRPV1 receptor to elicit pungent sensation. Overall, the present review can provide a theoretical reference for advancing the potential application of piperine in the field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Zou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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140
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Ziroldo JC, Torres LMB, Gamberini MT. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) induces psychostimulant, anxiolytic-like effects and improvement of motor performance in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118476. [PMID: 38908491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is reported by traditional medicine as tonic, stimulating and beneficial in increasing resistance to fatigue. Previous preclinical studies in rats using aqueous extract of sugarcane leaves (AE) revealed pharmacological effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems involving the participation of dopaminergic pathways. This neurotransmission system is also related to motor, emotional and cognitive activities, which could, in part, justify the ethnopharmacological information. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the motor, emotional and cognitive activities of rats submitted to AE treatment using behavioral tests in order to correlate the pharmacological effects with the therapeutic benefits postulated by traditional medicine. Additionally, the chemical profile of AE was evaluated by HPLC-UV/Vis, and the presence of shikimic acid, vitexin, and ferulic acid, as possible chemical markers, was investigated through comparisons of chemical parameters with the authentic patterns, and a UV-Vis scan of known spectra. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats received water (1.5 mL/kg, p.o.) and AE (0.5, 10 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) in the absence and presence of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), 90 min before open field; rotarod; elevated plus maze and inhibitory avoidance tests for investigation of motor; emotional and cognitive responses. As a positive control was used apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.). The chemical profile of AE was evaluated by HPLC-UV/Vis and the presence of shikimic acid, vitexin and ferulic acid, as possible chemical markers, was investigated through comparisons with the retention times, an increase of the integral of the peak area determined by co-injection of AE with the authentic patterns, and a UV-Vis scan of known spectra. RESULTS In open field, it revealed that AE increased locomotion; reduced rearing but did not change freezing and grooming. Besides, AE increased motor performance in rotarod and reduced anxiety in elevated plus maze. A relation dose-response was observed in these tests where the lowest dose of AE was more effective in developing pharmacological responses. Previous administration of haloperidol inhibited the responses of AE. Inhibitory avoidance test revealed that AE did not modify fast-learning and associative memory. CONCLUSIONS Sugarcane induced psychostimulant, anxiolytic-like effects, and improvement of motor performance in rats, with the involvement of dopaminergic pathways. The present study points to AE as a potential adaptogen but, in addition to behavioral assessments, metabolic and molecular aspects, that involve the participation of a variety of regulatory systems, will be investigated in futures studies. Phytochemical analyses showed that AE is a complex matrix and revealed shikimic acid, vitexin, and ferulic acid as potential chemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Corsini Ziroldo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Thereza Gamberini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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141
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Bhattarai H, Tai APK, Val Martin M, Yung DHY. Responses of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air quality to future climate, land use, and emission changes: Insights from modeling across shared socioeconomic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174611. [PMID: 38992356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution induced by fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) poses a significant challenge for global air quality management. Understanding how factors such as climate change, land use and land cover change (LULCC), and changing emissions interact to impact PM2.5 remains limited. To address this gap, we employed the Community Earth System Model and examined both the individual and combined effects of these factors on global surface PM2.5 in 2010 and projected scenarios for 2050 under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Our results reveal biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions as the primary drivers of surface PM2.5 across all SSPs. Less polluted regions like the US and Europe are expected to experience substantial PM2.5 reduction in all future scenarios, reaching up to ~5 μg m-3 (70 %) in SSP1. However, heavily polluted regions like India and China may experience varied outcomes, with a potential decrease in SSP1 and increase under SSP3. Eastern China witness ~20 % rise in PM2.5 under SSP3, while northern India may experience ~70 % increase under same scenario. Depending on the region, climate change alone is expected to change PM2.5 up to ±5 μg m-3, while the influence of LULCC appears even weaker. The modest changes in PM2.5 attributable to LULCC and climate change are associated with aerosol chemistry and meteorological effects, including biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, SO2 oxidation, and NH4NO3 formation. Despite their comparatively minor role, LULCC and climate change can still significantly shape future air quality in specific regions, potentially counteracting the benefits of emission control initiatives. This study underscores the pivotal role of changes in anthropogenic emissions in shaping future PM2.5 across all SSP scenarios. Thus, addressing all contributing factors, with a primary focus on reducing anthropogenic emissions, is crucial for achieving sustainable reduction in surface PM2.5 levels and meeting sustainable pollution mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David H Y Yung
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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142
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Vigneau J, Martinho C, Godfroy O, Zheng M, Haas FB, Borg M, Coelho SM. Interactions between U and V sex chromosomes during the life cycle of Ectocarpus. Development 2024; 151:dev202677. [PMID: 38512707 PMCID: PMC11057875 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In many animals and flowering plants, sex determination occurs in the diploid phase of the life cycle with XX/XY or ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes. However, in early diverging plants and most macroalgae, sex is determined by female (U) or male (V) sex chromosomes in a haploid phase called the gametophyte. Once the U and V chromosomes unite at fertilization to produce a diploid sporophyte, sex determination no longer occurs, raising key questions about the fate of the U and V sex chromosomes in the sporophyte phase. Here, we investigate genetic and molecular interactions of the UV sex chromosomes in both the haploid and diploid phases of the brown alga Ectocarpus. We reveal extensive developmental regulation of sex chromosome genes across its life cycle and implicate the TALE-HD transcription factor OUROBOROS in suppressing sex determination in the diploid phase. Small RNAs may also play a role in the repression of a female sex-linked gene, and transition to the diploid sporophyte coincides with major reconfiguration of histone H3K79me2, suggesting a more intricate role for this histone mark in Ectocarpus development than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Godfroy
- Roscoff Biological Station, CNRS-Sorbonne University, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff 29680, France
| | - Min Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian B. Haas
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Borg
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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143
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Miran M, Salami M, Yarmand MS, Ferreira-Lazarte A, Ariaeenejad S, Montilla A, Moreno FJ. Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides production from unexploited agro-industrial sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) hulls waste. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122399. [PMID: 39048235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) hull, an unexploited food industrial waste, can be used as an efficient source for the extraction of hemicellulose and/or pectin polysaccharides to further obtain functional oligosaccharides. Different polysaccharides extraction methods were surveyed including alkaline and several enzymatic treatments. Based on the enzymatic release of xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid from sesame hull by using different enzymes, Celluclast®1.5 L, Pectinex®Ultra SP-L, and a combination of them were selected for the enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides at 50 °C, pH 5 up to 24 h. Once the polysaccharides were extracted, Ultraflo®L was selected to produce arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) at 40 °C up to 24 h. Apart from oligosaccharides production from extracted polysaccharides, alternative approaches for obtaining oligosaccharides were also explored. These were based on the analysis of the supernatants resulting from the polysaccharide extraction, alongside a sequential hydrolysis performed with Celluclast®1.5 L and Ultraflo®L of the starting raw sesame hull. The different fractions obtained were comprehensively characterized by determining low molecular weight carbohydrates and monomeric compositions, average Mw and dispersity, and oligosaccharide structure by MALDI-TOF-MS. The results indicated that sesame hull can be a useful source for polysaccharides extraction (pectin and hemicellulose) and derived oligosaccharides, especially AXOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Miran
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salami
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran; Functional Food Research Core, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Yarmand
- Department of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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144
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Kumar A, Bhattacharya T, Shaikh WA, Roy A. Sustainable soil management under drought stress through biochar application: Immobilizing arsenic, ameliorating soil quality, and augmenting plant growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119531. [PMID: 38960358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rise in climate change-induced drought occurrences have amplified pollution of metal(loid)s, deteriorated soil quality, and deterred growth of crops. Rice straw-derived biochars (RSB) and cow manure-enriched biochars (CEB) were used in the investigation (at doses of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) to ameliorate the negative impacts of drought, improve soil fertility, minimize arsenic pollution, replace agro-chemical application, and maximize crop yields. Even in soils exposed to severe droughts, 3 months of RSB and CEB amendment (at 7.5% dose) revealed decreased bulk density (13.7% and 8.9%), and increased cation exchange capacity (6.0% and 6.3%), anion exchange capacity (56.3% and 28.0%), porosity (12.3% and 7.9%), water holding capacity (37.5% and 12.5%), soil respiration (17.8% and 21.8%), and nutrient contents (especially N and P). Additionally, RSB and CEB decreased mobile (30.3% and 35.7%), bio-available (54.7% and 45.3%), and leachable (55.0% and 56.5%) fractions of arsenic. Further, pot experiments with Bengal gram and coriander plants showed enhanced growth (62-188% biomass and 90-277% length) and reduced arsenic accumulation (49-54%) in above ground parts of the plants. Therefore, biochar application was found to improve physico-chemical properties of soil, minimize arsenic contamination, and augment crop growth even in drought-stressed soils. The investigation suggests utilisation of cow manure for eco-friendly fabrication of nutrient-rich CEB, which could eventually promote sustainable agriculture and circular economy. With the increasing need for sustainable agricultural practices, the use of biochar could provide a long-term solution to enhance soil quality, mitigate the effects of climate change, and ensure food security for future generations. Future research should focus on optimizing biochar application across various soil types and climatic conditions, as well as assessing its long-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Wasim Akram Shaikh
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Road, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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Rutowicz K, Lüthi J, de Groot R, Holtackers R, Yakimovich Y, Pazmiño DM, Gandrillon O, Pelkmans L, Baroux C. Multiscale chromatin dynamics and high entropy in plant iPSC ancestors. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261703. [PMID: 38738286 PMCID: PMC11234377 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant protoplasts provide starting material for of inducing pluripotent cell masses that are competent for tissue regeneration in vitro, analogous to animal induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Dedifferentiation is associated with large-scale chromatin reorganisation and massive transcriptome reprogramming, characterised by stochastic gene expression. How this cellular variability reflects on chromatin organisation in individual cells and what factors influence chromatin transitions during culturing are largely unknown. Here, we used high-throughput imaging and a custom supervised image analysis protocol extracting over 100 chromatin features of cultured protoplasts. The analysis revealed rapid, multiscale dynamics of chromatin patterns with a trajectory that strongly depended on nutrient availability. Decreased abundance in H1 (linker histones) is hallmark of chromatin transitions. We measured a high heterogeneity of chromatin patterns indicating intrinsic entropy as a hallmark of the initial cultures. We further measured an entropy decline over time, and an antagonistic influence by external and intrinsic factors, such as phytohormones and epigenetic modifiers, respectively. Collectively, our study benchmarks an approach to understand the variability and evolution of chromatin patterns underlying plant cell reprogramming in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rutowicz
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Lüthi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinoud de Groot
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Holtackers
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yauhen Yakimovich
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana M. Pazmiño
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon,69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Célia Baroux
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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146
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Chorozian K, Karnaouri A, Tryfona T, Kondyli NG, Karantonis A, Topakas E. Characterization of a novel AA16 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Thermothelomyces thermophilus and comparison of biochemical properties with an LPMO from AA9 family. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122387. [PMID: 39048228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes which are categorized in the CAZy database under auxiliary activities families AA9-11, 13, 14-17. Secreted by various microorganisms, they play a crucial role in carbon recycling, particularly in fungal saprotrophs. LPMOs oxidize polysaccharides through monooxygenase/peroxygenase activities and exhibit peroxidase and oxidase activities, with variations among different families. AA16, a newly identified LPMO family, is noteworthy due to limited studies on its members, thus rendering the characterization of AA16 enzymes vital for addressing controversies around their functions. This study focused on heterologous expression and biochemical study of an AA16 LPMO from Thermothelomyces thermophilus (formerly known as Myceliophthora thermophila), namely MtLPMO16A. Substrate specificity evaluation of MtLPMO16A showed oxidative cleavage of hemicellulosic substrates and no activity on cellulose, accompanied by a strong oxidase activity. A comparative analysis with an LPMO from AA9 family explored correlations between these families, while MtLPMO16A was shown to boost the activity of some AA9 family LPMOs. The results offer new insights into the AA16 family's action mode and microbial hemicellulose decomposition mechanisms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koar Chorozian
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Theodora Tryfona
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Nefeli Georgaki Kondyli
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Greece
| | - Antonis Karantonis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Ιndustrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772, Greece.
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147
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Zhong Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wei L, Liu Y. The roles of nitric oxide in improving postharvest fruits quality: Crosstalk with phytohormones. Food Chem 2024; 455:139977. [PMID: 38850982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, improving the quality of postharvest fruits has become a hot research topic. Nitric oxide (NO) is often regarded as a signaling molecule that delays the postharvest senescence of fruits. Moreover, phytohormones affect the postharvest senescence of fruits. This review mainly describes how NO improves the postharvest quality of fruits by delaying postharvest fruit senescence, mitigating fruit cold damage and controlling postharvest diseases. Furthermore, the crosstalk of NO and multiple plant hormones effectively delays the postharvest senescence of fruits, and the major crosstalk mechanisms include (1) mediating phytohormone signaling. (2) inhibiting ETH production. (3) stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity. (4) decreasing membrane lipid peroxidation. (5) maintaining membrane integrity. (6) inhibiting respiration rate. (7) regulating gene expression related to fruit senescence. This review concluded the roles and mechanisms of NO in delaying postharvest fruit senescence. In addition, the crosstalk mechanisms between NO and various phytohormones on the regulation of postharvest fruit quality are also highlighted, which provides new ideas for the subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhong
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiuqiao Wu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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148
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Qi J, Liu C, Wang Q, Shi Y, Xia X, Wang H, Sun L, Men H. Clivia biosensor: Soil moisture identification based on electrophysiology signals with deep learning. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116525. [PMID: 38936168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that plants have the ability to detect environmental changes and generate electrical signals in response. These electrical signals can regulate the physiological state of plants and produce corresponding feedback. This suggests that plants have the potential to be used as biosensors for monitoring environmental information. However, there are current challenges in linking environmental information with plant electrical signals, especially in collecting and classifying the corresponding electrical signals under soil moisture gradients. This study documented the electrical signals of clivia under different soil moisture gradients and created a dataset for classifying electrical signals. Subsequently, we proposed a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model (PlantNet) for classifying the electrical signal dataset. Compared to traditional CNN models, our model achieved optimal classification performance with the lowest computational resource consumption. The model achieved an accuracy of 99.26%, precision of 99.31%, recall of 92.26%, F1-score of 99.21%, with 0.17M parameters, a size of 7.17MB, and 14.66M FLOPs. Therefore, this research provides scientific evidence for the future development of plants as biosensors for detecting soil moisture, and offers insight into developing plants as biosensors for detecting signals such as ozone, PM2.5, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), and more. These studies are expected to drive the development of environmental monitoring technology and provide new pathways for better understanding the interaction between plants and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China; College of Mechatronics, Changchun Polytechnic, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Chenrui Liu
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Qiuping Wang
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China; Bionic Sensing and Pattern Recognition Team, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China; Institute of Advanced Sensor Technology, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Xiuxin Xia
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Lingfang Sun
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Hong Men
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
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149
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Liu Z, Yin X, Xiao N, Wan X, Hu J, Hua Y, Liu G, Zhao J. Organic acids released by submerged macrophytes with damaged leaves alter the denitrification microbial community in rhizosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174059. [PMID: 38906286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes have important impacts on the denitrification and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) processes. Leaf damage in these plants probably changes the rhizosphere environment, affecting organic acid release and denitrifying bacteria. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the specific changes. This study investigated these changes in the rhizosphere of Potamogeton crispus with four degrees of leaf excision. When 0 %, 30 %, 50 % and 70 % of leaves were excised, the concentrations of total organic acid were 31.45, 32.67, 38.26, and 35.16 mg/L, respectively. The abundances of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria were 2.10 × 1010, 1.59 × 1010, 2.54 × 1010, and 4.67 × 1010 copies/g dry sediment, respectively. The abundances of anammox bacteria were 7.58 × 109, 4.59 × 109, 3.81 × 109, and 3.90 × 109 copies/g dry sediment, respectively. The concentration of total organic acids and the abundance of two denitrification microorganisms in the rhizosphere zone were higher than those in the root zone and non-rhizosphere zone. With increasing leaf damage, the number of OTUs in the Pseudomonas genus of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria first increased and then decreased, while that of the Thauera genus was relatively stable. The overall increase in the OTU number of anammox bacteria indicated that leaf damage promotes root exudates release, thereby leading to an increase in their diversity. The co-occurrence network revealed that the two denitrification microorganisms had about 60.52 % positive connections in rhizosphere while 64.73 % negative connections in non-rhizosphere. The abundance and community composition of both denitrification microorganisms were positively correlated with the concentrations of various substances such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, total organic acids and NO2--N. These findings demonstrate that submerged plant damage has significantly impacts on the structure of denitrification microbial community in the rhizosphere, which may alter the nitrogen cycling process in the deposit sediment. SYNOPSIS: This study reveals leaf damage of macrophyte changed the rhizosphere denitrification microbial community, which is helpful to further understand the process of nitrogen cycle in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingjia Yin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Naidong Xiao
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wan
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yumei Hua
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanglong Liu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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150
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Caravaca F, Torres P, Díaz G, Roldán A. Selective shifts in the rhizosphere microbiome during the drought season could explain the success of the invader Nicotiana glauca in semiarid ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174444. [PMID: 38964394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in the ability of plants to colonize and thrive in stressful conditions such as drought, which could be decisive for the success of exotic plant invasion in the context of global climate change. The aim of this investigation was to examine differences in the composition, structure, and functional traits of the microbial community of the invader Nicotiana glauca R.C. Graham and native species growing at seven different Mediterranean semiarid locations under two distinct levels of water availability, corresponding to the wet and dry seasons. The results show that the phylum Actinobacteriota was an indicator phylum of the dry season as well as for the community of N. glauca. The dominant indicator bacterial families of the dry season were 67-14 (unclassified family), Pseudonocardiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, being relatively more abundant in the invasive rhizosphere. The relative abundances of the indicator fungal families Aspergillaceae (particularly the indicator genus Aspergillus), Glomeraceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae were higher in the invasive rhizosphere. The relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi was higher in the invasive rhizosphere in the dry season (by about 40 % in comparison to that of native plants), without significant differences between invasive and native plants in the wet season. Bacterial potential functional traits related to energy and precursor metabolites production and also biosynthesis of cell wall, cofactors, vitamins, and amino acids as well as catabolic enzymes involved in the P cycle prevailed in the invasive rhizosphere under drought conditions. This study shows that the pronounced and beneficial shifts in the microbiome assembly and functions in the rhizosphere of N. glauca under conditions of low soil water availability can represent a clear advantage for its establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caravaca
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - P Torres
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Department of Applied Biology, Avda. Ferrocarril, s/n. Edf. Laboratorios-03202-Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - G Díaz
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Department of Applied Biology, Avda. Ferrocarril, s/n. Edf. Laboratorios-03202-Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Roldán
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
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