101
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Perales IE, Jones SD, Duan T, Geyer PK. Maintenance of germline stem cell homeostasis despite severe nuclear distortion. Dev Biol 2024; 515:139-150. [PMID: 39038593 PMCID: PMC11317214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell loss in aging and disease is associated with nuclear deformation. Yet, how nuclear shape influences stem cell homeostasis is poorly understood. We investigated this connection using Drosophila germline stem cells, as survival of these stem cells is compromised by dysfunction of the nuclear lamina, the extensive protein network that lines the inner nuclear membrane and gives shape to the nucleus. To induce nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, we used the GAL4-UAS system to increase expression of the permanently farnesylated nuclear lamina protein, Kugelkern, a rate limiting factor for nuclear growth. We show that elevated Kugelkern levels cause severe nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, including extensive thickening and lobulation of the nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina, as well as alteration of internal nuclear compartments. Despite these changes, germline stem cell number, proliferation, and female fertility are preserved, even as females age. Collectively, these data demonstrate that disruption of nuclear architecture does not cause a failure of germline stem cell survival or homeostasis, revealing that nuclear deformation does not invariably promote stem cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella E Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Samuel D Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Tingting Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Pamela K Geyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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102
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Liu KE, Kucenas S. Rohon-beard neurons do not succumb to programmed cell death during zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2024; 515:186-198. [PMID: 38944329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
During neural development, sculpting of early formed circuits by cell death and synaptic pruning is necessary to generate a functional and efficient nervous system. This allows for the establishment of rudimentary circuits which necessitate early organism survival to later undergo subsequent refinement. These changes facilitate additional specificity to stimuli which can lead to increased behavioral complexity. In multiple species, Rohon-Beard neurons (RBs) are the earliest mechanosensory neurons specified and are critical in establishing a rudimentary motor response circuit. Sensory input from RBs gradually becomes redundant as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons develop and integrate into motor circuits. Previous studies demonstrate that RBs undergo a dramatic wave of cell death concurrent with development of the DRG. However, contrary to these studies, we show that neurogenin1+ (ngn1) RBs do not undergo a widespread wave of programmed cell death during early zebrafish development and instead persist until at least 15 days post fertilization (dpf). Starting at 2 dpf, we also observed a dramatic medialization and shrinkage of ngn1+ RB somas along with a gradual downregulation of ngn1 in RBs. This alters a fundamental premise of early zebrafish neural development and opens new avenues to explore mechanisms of RB function, persistence, and circuit refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Liu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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103
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Lei X, Wang X, Li Y, Liu H, Yan G, Jing J, Liang Z, Guo A, Hu M, Liu Y. Comparison of knee joint and temporomandibular joint development in pig embryos. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2337760. [PMID: 38656923 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2337760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Although the knee joint (KNJ) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) all belong to the synovial joint, there are many differences in developmental origin, joint structure and articular cartilage type. Studies of joint development in embryos have been performed, mainly using poultry and rodents. However, KNJ and TMJ in poultry and rodents differ from those in humans in several ways. Very little work has been done on the embryonic development of KNJ and TMJ in large mammals. Several studies have shown that pigs are ideal animals for embryonic development research. Embryonic day 30 (E30), E35, E45, E55, E75, E90, Postnatal day 0 (P0) and Postnatal day 30 (P30) embryos/fetuses from the pigs were used for this study. The results showed that KNJ develops earlier than TMJ. Only one mesenchymal condensate of KNJ is formed on E30, while two mesenchymal condensates of TMJ are present on E35. All structures of KNJ and TMJ were formed on E45. The growth plate of KNJ begins to develop on E45 and becomes more pronounced from E55 to P30. From E75 to E90, more and more vascular-rich cartilage canals form in the cartilage regions of both joints. The cartilaginous canal of the TMJ divides the condyle into sections along the longitudinal axis of the condyle. This arrangement of cartilaginous canal was not found in the KNJ. The chondrification of KNJ precedes that of TMJ. Ossification of the knee condyle occurs gradually from the middle to the periphery, while that of the TMJ occurs gradually from the base of the mandibular condyle. In the KNJ, the ossification of the articular condyle is evident from P0 to P30, and the growth plate is completely formed on P30. In the TMJ, the cartilage layer of condyle becomes thinner from P0 to P30. There is no growth plate formation in TMJ during its entire development. There is no growth plate formation in the TMJ throughout its development. The condyle may be the developmental center of the TMJ. The chondrocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate are densely arranged. The condylar chondrocytes of TMJ are scattered, while the hypertrophic chondrocytes are arranged. Embryonic development of KNJ and TMJ in pigs is an important bridge for translating the results of rodent studies to medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lei
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Jing
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anyi Guo
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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104
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da Cunha Menezes E, de Abreu FF, Davis JB, Maurer SV, Roshko VC, Richardson A, Dowell J, Cassella SN, Stevens HE. Effects of gestational hypothyroidism on mouse brain development: Gabaergic systems and oxidative stress. Dev Biol 2024; 515:112-120. [PMID: 39048051 PMCID: PMC11330572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hormonal imbalance during pregnancy is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric impairment in the offspring. It has been suggested that hypothyroidism leads to dysfunction of cortical GABAergic interneurons and inhibitory system development that in turn underlies impairment of the central nervous system. Here we investigated how gestational hypothyroidism affected offspring GABAergic system development as well as redox regulation parameters, because of previous links identified between the two. Experimental Gestational Hypothyroidism (EGH) was induced in CD-1 mice with 0.02% methimazole (MMI) in drinking water from embryonic day 9 (E9) until tissue collection at embryonic day 14 (E14) or E18. We examined GABAergic cell distribution and inhibitory system development gene expression as well as redox relevant gene expression and direct measures across all embryos regardless of sex. Intrauterine restriction of maternal thyroid hormones significantly impacted both of these outcomes in brain, as well as altering redox regulation in the placenta. GAD67+ neuronal migration was reduced, accompanied by a disruption in gene expression influencing GABAergic cell migration and cortical inhibitory neural system development. EGH also altered embryonic brain gene expression of Gpx1, Nfe2l2, Cat levels in the dorsal E14 brains. Additionally, EGH resulted in elevated TBARS, Gpx1 and Nfe2l2 in the ventral E18 brains. Furthermore, EGH downregulated placental Gpx1 gene expression at E14 and increased protein oxidation at E18. These findings support the hypothesis that sufficient maternal thyroid hormone supply to the fetus influences central nervous system development, including processes of GABAergic system development and redox equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edênia da Cunha Menezes
- Psychiatry Department, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Fabiula Francisca de Abreu
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jada B Davis
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sara V Maurer
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Venezia C Roshko
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Dowell
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sarah N Cassella
- Neuroscience Department, Loras College, Dubuque, IA, United States
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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105
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Zhu F, Yang M, Wang D, Jiang Y, Jia C, Fu Y, Yu A, Liu H, Wang M, Wang T, Liu H, Li J. Spatial distribution of maternal factors in pig mature oocytes. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2394692. [PMID: 39185998 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2394692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
It is known that asymmetrical maternal transcripts play an important role in the cell fate of the early embryo, but few studies are available in mammal oocytes especially in pig. To investigate the spatial factors in pig oocytes, the oriented bisection was established for collecting karyoplasts (NSOs) and cytoplasts (SSOs) with more than 95% efficiency. Subsequently, RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed on NSOs and SSOs. Although no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be detected between NSOs and SSOs, 89 of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected, that 58 proteins higher expressed but 31 proteins lower expressed in NSOs compared with SSOs. These DEPs mainly participated in the 'cell cycle' and 'ribosome' pathway, while the up-regulated DEPs were mainly GO in 'spindle' and 'positive regulation of translation', and the down-regulated DEPs were in 'cytosolic small ribosomal subunit' and 'mRNA binding'. The up-regulated DEP SIRT5 which are related to the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic were further detected and revealed. A spatial asymmetry of maternal factors at the protein level was firstly detected in pig mature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Fu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Aochen Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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106
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Branch MC, Weber M, Li MY, Flora P, Ezhkova E. Overview of chromatin regulatory processes during surface ectodermal development and homeostasis. Dev Biol 2024; 515:30-45. [PMID: 38971398 PMCID: PMC11317222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The ectoderm is the outermost of the three germ layers of the early embryo that arise during gastrulation. Once the germ layers are established, the complex interplay of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration results in organogenesis. The ectoderm is the progenitor of both the surface ectoderm and the neural ectoderm. Notably, the surface ectoderm develops into the epidermis and its associated appendages, nails, external exocrine glands, olfactory epithelium, and the anterior pituitary. Specification, development, and homeostasis of these organs demand a tightly orchestrated gene expression program that is often dictated by epigenetic regulation. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have highlighted the importance of chromatin regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcription factors, histone and DNA modifications that aid in the development of surface ectodermal organs and maintain their homeostasis post-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C Branch
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Weber
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Yen Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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107
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Larsen LJ, Østergaard E, Møller LB. mTORC1 hampers Hedgehog signaling in Tsc2 deficient cells. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302419. [PMID: 39187374 PMCID: PMC11349048 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1-complex is negatively regulated by TSC1 and TSC2. Activation of Hedgehog signaling is strictly dependent on communication between Smoothened and the Hedgehog-signaling effector and transcription factor, GLI2, in the primary cilium. Details about this communication are not known, and we wanted to explore this further. Here we report that in Tsc2 -/- MEFs constitutively activated mTORC1 led to mis-localization of Smoothened to the plasma membrane, combined with increased concentration of GLI2 in the cilia and reduced Hedgehog signaling, measured by reduced expression of the Hedgehog target gene, Gli1 Inhibition of mTORC1 rescued the cellular localization of Smoothened to the cilia, reduced the cilia concentration of GLI2, and restored Hedgehog signaling. Our results reveal evidence for a two-step activation process of GLI2. The first step includes GLI2 stabilization and cilium localization, whereas the second step includes communication with cilia-localized Smoothened. We found that mTORC1 inhibits the second step. This is the first demonstration that mTORC1 is involved in the regulation of Hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Jonsgaard Larsen
- https://ror.org/03mchdq19 Department of Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Elsebet Østergaard
- https://ror.org/03mchdq19 Department of Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Birk Møller
- https://ror.org/03mchdq19 Department of Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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108
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Wang T, Ma X, Zheng Q, Ma C, Zhang Z, Pan H, Guo X, Wu X, Chu M, Liang C, Yan P. A comprehensive study on the longissius dorsi muscle of Ashdan yaks under different feeding regimes based on transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2294785. [PMID: 38193799 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2294785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Yak is an important dominant livestock species at high altitude, and the growth performance of yak has obvious differences under different feeding methods. This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding practices on growth performance and meat quality of yaks through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. In terms of yak growth performance, compared with traditional grazing, in-house feeding can significantly improve the average daily weight gain, carcass weight and net meat weight of yaks; in terms of yak meat quality, in-house feeding can effectively improve the quality of yak meat. A combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed 31 co-enriched pathways, among which arginine metabolism, proline metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the development of the longissimus dorsi muscle of yak and the regulation of meat quality-related traits. The experimental results increased our understanding of yak meat quality and provided data materials for subsequent deep excavation of the mechanism of yak meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Life science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Zheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaofan Ma
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Life science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Heping Pan
- Life science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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109
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Medlock-Lanier T, Clay KB, Roberts-Galbraith RH. Planarian LDB and SSDP proteins scaffold transcriptional complexes for regeneration and patterning. Dev Biol 2024; 515:67-78. [PMID: 38968988 PMCID: PMC11361279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Sequence-specific transcription factors often function as components of large regulatory complexes. LIM-domain binding protein (LDB) and single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSDP) function as core scaffolds of transcriptional complexes in animals and plants. Little is known about potential partners and functions for LDB/SSDP complexes in the context of tissue regeneration. In this work, we find that planarian LDB1 and SSDP2 promote tissue regeneration, with a particular function in anterior regeneration and mediolateral polarity reestablishment. We find that LDB1 and SSDP2 interact with one another and with characterized planarian LIM-HD proteins Arrowhead, Islet1, and Lhx1/5-1. We also show that SSDP2 and LDB1 function with islet1 in polarity reestablishment and with lhx1/5-1 in serotonergic neuron maturation. Finally, we find new roles for LDB1 and SSDP2 in regulating gene expression in the planarian intestine and parenchyma; these functions are likely LIM-HD-independent. Together, our work provides insight into LDB/SSDP complexes in a highly regenerative organism. Further, our work provides a strong starting point for identifying and characterizing potential binding partners of LDB1 and SSDP2 and for exploring roles for these proteins in diverse aspects of planarian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kendall B Clay
- Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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110
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Autumn M, Hu Y, Zeng J, McMenamin SK. Growth patterns of caudal fin rays are informed by both external signals from the regenerating organ and remembered identity autonomous to the local tissue. Dev Biol 2024; 515:121-128. [PMID: 39029570 PMCID: PMC11361315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Regenerating tissues must remember or interpret their spatial position, using this information to restore original size and patterning. The external skeleton of the zebrafish caudal fin is composed of 18 rays; after any portion of the fin is amputated, position-dependent regenerative growth restores each ray to its original length. We tested for transcriptional differences during regeneration of proximal versus distal tissues and identified 489 genes that differed in proximodistal expression. Thyroid hormone directs multiple aspects of ray patterning along the proximodistal axis, and we identified 364 transcripts showing a proximodistal expression pattern that was dependent on thyroid hormone context. To test what aspects of ray positional identity are directed by extrinsic environental cues versus remembered identity autonomous to the tissue, we transplanted distal portions of rays to proximal environments and evaluated regeneration within the new location. Native regenerating proximal tissue showed robust expression of scpp7, a transcript with thyroid-regulated proximal enrichment; in contrast, regenerating rays originating from transplanted distal tissue showed reduced (distal-like) expression during outgrowth. These distal-to-proximal transplants regenerated far beyond the length of the graft itself, indicating that cues from the proximal environment promoted additional growth. Nonetheless, these transplants initiated regeneration at a much slower rate compared to controls, suggesting memory of distal identity was retained by the transplanted tissue. This early growth retardation caused rays that originated from transplants to grow noticeably shorter than neighboring native rays. While several aspects of fin ray morphology (bifurcation, segment length) were found to be determined by the environment, we found that both regeneration speed and ray length are remembered autonomously by tissues, and that persist through multiple rounds of amputation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Autumn
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Yinan Hu
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jenny Zeng
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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111
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Liu X, Huan P, Liu B. The small GTPase Cdc42 regulates shell field morphogenesis in a gastropod mollusk. Dev Biol 2024; 515:7-17. [PMID: 38942110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In most mollusks (conchiferans), the early tissue responsible for shell development, namely, the shell field, shows a common process of invagination during morphogenesis. Moreover, lines of evidence indicated that shell field invagination is not an independent event, but an integrated output reflecting the overall state of shell field morphogenesis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of this conserved process remain largely unknown. We previously found that actomyosin networks (regularly organized filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin) may play essential roles in this process by revealing the evident aggregation of F-actin in the invaginated region and demonstrating that nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is required for invagination in the gastropod Lottia peitaihoensis (= Lottia goshimai). Here, we investigated the roles of the Rho family of small GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) to explore the upstream regulators of actomyosin networks. Functional assays using small molecule inhibitors suggested that Cdc42 modulates key events of shell field morphogenesis, including invagination and cell rearrangements, while the roles of RhoA and Rac1 may be nonspecific or negligible. Further investigations revealed that the Cdc42 protein was concentrated on the apical side of shell field cells and colocalized with F-actin aggregation. The aggregation of these two molecules could be prevented by treatment with Cdc42 inhibitors. These findings suggest a possible regulatory cascade of shell field morphogenesis in which Cdc42 recruits F-actin (actomyosin networks) on the apical side of shell field cells, which then generates resultant mechanical forces that mediate correct shell field morphogenesis (cell shape changes, invagination and cell rearrangement). Our results emphasize the roles of the cytoskeleton in early shell development and provide new insights into molluscan shell evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Huan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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112
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Zhang Q, Li L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yan L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao S. Genetic circuitry controlling Drosophila female germline overgrowth. Dev Biol 2024; 515:160-168. [PMID: 39067502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells mutant for bam or bgcn are locked in a germline stem cell (GSC)-like state, leading to tumor-like overgrowth in Drosophila ovaries. Our previous studies have demonstrated that germline overgrowth in bam mutants can be suppressed by defects in the miRNA pathway but enhanced by a null mutation in hippo. However, the genetic epistasis between the miRNA and Hippo pathways still remains unknown. Here, we determined that the miRNA pathway acts downstream of the Hippo pathway in regulating this process. Germ cells mutant for bam or bgcn and defective in both pathways divide very slowly, phenocopying those defective only in the miRNA pathway. In addition, we found that Yki, a key oncoprotein in the Hippo pathway, promotes the growth of both wild-type germ cells and bam mutant GSC-like cells. Like wild-type GSCs, bam mutant GSC-like cells predominantly stay in the G2 phase. Remarkably, many of those defective in the miRNA pathway are arrested before entering this phase. Furthermore, our studies identified bantam as a critical miRNA promoting germline overgrowth in bam or bgcn mutants. Taken together, these findings establish a genetic circuitry controlling Drosophila female germline overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Yan
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejia Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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113
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Liu K, Liu Y, Chu M. Detection of polymorphisms in six genes and their association analysis with litter size in sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2309954. [PMID: 38294691 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2309954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Litter size in sheep is a complex trait controlled by micro-effective polygenes. APAF1, CLSTN2, CTH, PLCB1, PLCB4, and CHST11 are all involved in mammalian reproduction. However, the effects of these genes on litter size in sheep are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used Sequenom MassARRAY® SNP assay technology to type the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci of six genes in five sheep breeds. The results showed that most sheep breeds contain three genotypes at each locus. Then, we conducted population genetic analysis on the SNPs of six genes and found that the polymorphic information content in all sheep breeds ranged from 0 to 0.37, and most sheep breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). In addition, association analysis in Small Tail Han sheep indicated that the rs399534524 locus in CLSTN2 was highly associated with first parity litter size, and litter size in ewes with CT genotype was higher than that in ewes with CC genotype or TT genotype. Furthermore, the rs407142552 locus in CTH was highly associated with second parity litter size in Small Tail Han sheep, and litter size in ewes with CT genotype was higher than that in ewes with TT genotype. Finally, we predicted the CTH and CLSTN2 protein interaction network and found that HTR1E, NOM1, CCDC174 and ALPK3 interact with CLSTN2 and have been reported as candidate genes related to litter size in sheep. These results suggest that they may be useful genetic markers for increasing litter size in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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114
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Zeng H, Ali S, Sebastian A, Ramos-Medero AS, Albert I, Dean C, Liu A. CPLANE protein INTU regulates growth and patterning of the mouse lungs through cilia-dependent Hh signaling. Dev Biol 2024; 515:92-101. [PMID: 39029571 PMCID: PMC11361757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations are fatal at birth in their severe forms. Prevention and early intervention of these birth defects require a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lung development. We find that the loss of inturned (Intu), a cilia and planar polarity effector gene, severely disrupts growth and branching morphogenesis of the mouse embryonic lungs. Consistent with our previous results indicating an important role for Intu in ciliogenesis and hedgehog (Hh) signaling, we find greatly reduced number of primary cilia in both the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of the lungs. We also find significantly reduced expression of Gli1 and Ptch1, direct targets of Hh signaling, suggesting disruption of cilia-dependent Hh signaling in Intu mutant lungs. An agonist of the Hh pathway activator, smoothened, increases Hh target gene expression and tubulogenesis in explanted wild type, but not Intu mutant, lungs, suggesting impaired Hh signaling response underlying lung morphogenetic defects in Intu mutants. Furthermore, removing both Gli2 and Intu completely abolishes branching morphogenesis of the lung, strongly supporting a mechanism by which Intu regulates lung growth and patterning through cilia-dependent Hh signaling. Moreover, a transcriptomics analysis identifies around 200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Intu mutant lungs, including known Hh target genes Gli1, Ptch1/2 and Hhip. Genes involved in muscle differentiation and function are highly enriched among the DEGs, consistent with an important role of Hh signaling in airway smooth muscle differentiation. In addition, we find that the difference in gene expression between the left and right lungs diminishes in Intu mutants, suggesting an important role of Intu in asymmetrical growth and patterning of the mouse lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zeng
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shimaa Ali
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adriana Sophia Ramos-Medero
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Charlotte Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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115
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Chen T, Zhou X, Zhu M, Chen X, Chang D, Lin Y, Xu W, Zheng Y, Li S, Song J, Huang M. Phytochemical determination and mechanistic investigation of Polygala tenuifolia root (Yuanzhi) extract for bronchitis: UPLC-MS/MS analysis, network pharmacology and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118418. [PMID: 38838926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bronchitis is a respiratory disease characterized by a productive cough. Polygala tenuifolia Willd., commonly known as Yuan zhi, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for relieving cough and removing phlegm. Despite its historical use, studies are lacking on the effectiveness of P. tenuifolia in treating bronchitis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of its bioactive compounds remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the main bioactive compounds responsible for the effects of P. tenuifolia liquid extract (PLE) in treating bronchitis and to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical compounds in PLE were identified and determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory activities of PLE were evaluated in an ammonia-induced mouse cough model, a tracheal phenol red excretion mouse model, and a xylene-induced ear swelling mouse model, respectively. A network pharmacology analysis was conducted to investigate the associated gene targets, gene ontology, and KEGG pathways related to the main bioactives in PLE targeting bronchitis. PLE and its five bioactive compounds were assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-seven compounds in PLE were identified, and twelve main compounds were further quantified in PLE using UPLC-MS/MS. PLE oral gavage administrations (0.6 and 0.12 mg/kg) for 7 days markedly reduced cough frequency, prolonged latency period of cough, reduced phlegm and inflammation in mice. The network pharmacology analysis identified 57 gene targets of PLE against bronchitis. The PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways were the top two modulated pathways. In RAW264.7 cells, PLE (12.5-50 μg/mL) significantly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. PLE downregulated LPS-elevated protein targets in both PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In PLE, tenuifolin, polygalaxanthone ⅠⅠⅠ, polygalasaponin ⅩⅩⅤⅢ, tenuifoliside B, and 3,6'-Disinapoyl sucrose, were identified as the top five core components responsible for treating bronchitis. These compounds were also found to modulate the protein targets in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of PLE on bronchitis by reducing cough, phlegm and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory action and molecular mechanisms of the 5 main bioactive compounds in PLE were partly validated through the in vitro assays. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the traditional use of PLE for bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yifan Lin
- Fujian Institute for Food and Drug Quality Control, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jianyuan Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian province, 350001, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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116
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Vigneau J, Martinho C, Godfroy O, Zheng M, Haas FB, Borg M, Coelho SM. Interactions between U and V sex chromosomes during the life cycle of Ectocarpus. Development 2024; 151:dev202677. [PMID: 38512707 PMCID: PMC11057875 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In many animals and flowering plants, sex determination occurs in the diploid phase of the life cycle with XX/XY or ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes. However, in early diverging plants and most macroalgae, sex is determined by female (U) or male (V) sex chromosomes in a haploid phase called the gametophyte. Once the U and V chromosomes unite at fertilization to produce a diploid sporophyte, sex determination no longer occurs, raising key questions about the fate of the U and V sex chromosomes in the sporophyte phase. Here, we investigate genetic and molecular interactions of the UV sex chromosomes in both the haploid and diploid phases of the brown alga Ectocarpus. We reveal extensive developmental regulation of sex chromosome genes across its life cycle and implicate the TALE-HD transcription factor OUROBOROS in suppressing sex determination in the diploid phase. Small RNAs may also play a role in the repression of a female sex-linked gene, and transition to the diploid sporophyte coincides with major reconfiguration of histone H3K79me2, suggesting a more intricate role for this histone mark in Ectocarpus development than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Godfroy
- Roscoff Biological Station, CNRS-Sorbonne University, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff 29680, France
| | - Min Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian B. Haas
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Borg
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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117
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Wang Y, Fabuleux Tresor Baniakina L, Chai L. Response characteristic and potential molecular mechanism of tail resorption in Bufo gargarizans after exposure to lead and copper, alone or combined. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119505. [PMID: 38945509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tail resorption during amphibian metamorphosis is one of the most dramatic processes that is obligatorily dependent on thyroid hormone (TH). Heavy metals could result in thyroid gland damages and disturb TH homeostasis. Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) often co-exist in natural aquatic ecosystems. However, there is still little information on how tail resorption responds to alone or combined exposure to Pb and Cu. Our study investigated the effects of Pb and Cu alone or combined exposure on the morphological parameters of the tail, histological changes of thyroid gland and tail, and gene expression programs involved in cell death of the tail in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles at the climax of metamorphosis. Results demonstrated that Pb, Cu and Pb-Cu mixture exposure resulted in a significantly longer tail compared with control. Damages to notochord, muscle, skin and spinal cord of the tail were found in Pb and Cu exposure groups. The colloid area, the height of follicular cells and number of phagocytic vesicles of thyroid gland in Pb-Cu mixture exposure groups were significantly reduced. In addition, the expression levels of TH, apoptosis, autophagy, degradation of cellular components and oxidative stress-related genes in the tail were significantly altered following Pb and Cu exposure. The present work revealed the relationship between environmental pollutants and tail resorption, providing scientific basis for amphibian protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lod Fabuleux Tresor Baniakina
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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118
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Accorsi A, Guo L, Marshall WF, Mommersteeg MTM, Nakajima YI. Extraordinary model systems for regeneration. Development 2024; 151:dev203083. [PMID: 39012059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.203083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration is the remarkable phenomenon through which an organism can regrow lost or damaged parts with fully functional replacements, including complex anatomical structures, such as limbs. In 2019, Development launched its 'Model systems for regeneration' collection, a series of articles introducing some of the most popular model organisms for studying regeneration in vivo. To expand this topic further, this Perspective conveys the voices of five expert biologists from the field of regenerative biology, each of whom showcases some less well-known, but equally extraordinary, species for studying regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Accorsi
- University of California Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Longhua Guo
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Deptartment of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mathilda T M Mommersteeg
- Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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119
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Leclercq J, Torres-Paz J, Policarpo M, Agnès F, Rétaux S. Evolution of the regulation of developmental gene expression in blind Mexican cavefish. Development 2024; 151:dev202610. [PMID: 39007346 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Developmental evolution and diversification of morphology can arise through changes in the regulation of gene expression or protein-coding sequence. To unravel mechanisms underlying early developmental evolution in cavefish of the species Astyanax mexicanus, we compared transcriptomes of surface-dwelling and blind cave-adapted morphs at the end of gastrulation. Twenty percent of the transcriptome was differentially expressed. Allelic expression ratios in cave X surface hybrids showed that cis-regulatory changes are the quasi-exclusive contributors to inter-morph variations in gene expression. Among a list of 108 genes with change at the cis-regulatory level, we explored the control of expression of rx3, which is a master eye gene. We discovered that cellular rx3 levels are cis-regulated in a cell-autonomous manner, whereas rx3 domain size depends on non-autonomous Wnt and Bmp signalling. These results highlight how uncoupled mechanisms and regulatory modules control developmental gene expression and shape morphological changes. Finally, a transcriptome-wide search for fixed coding mutations and differential exon use suggested that variations in coding sequence have a minor contribution. Thus, during early embryogenesis, changes in gene expression regulation are the main drivers of cavefish developmental evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Leclercq
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Maxime Policarpo
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - François Agnès
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
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120
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Mody TA, Rolle A, Stucki N, Roll F, Bauer U, Schneitz K. Topological analysis of 3D digital ovules identifies cellular patterns associated with ovule shape diversity. Development 2024; 151:dev202590. [PMID: 38738635 PMCID: PMC11168579 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis remains poorly understood. In plants, a central problem is how the 3D cellular architecture of a developing organ contributes to its final shape. We address this question through a comparative analysis of ovule morphogenesis, taking advantage of the diversity in ovule shape across angiosperms. Here, we provide a 3D digital atlas of Cardamine hirsuta ovule development at single cell resolution and compare it with an equivalent atlas of Arabidopsis thaliana. We introduce nerve-based topological analysis as a tool for unbiased detection of differences in cellular architectures and corroborate identified topological differences between two homologous tissues by comparative morphometrics and visual inspection. We find that differences in topology, cell volume variation and tissue growth patterns in the sheet-like integuments and the bulbous chalaza are associated with differences in ovule curvature. In contrast, the radialized conical ovule primordia and nucelli exhibit similar shapes, despite differences in internal cellular topology and tissue growth patterns. Our results support the notion that the structural organization of a tissue is associated with its susceptibility to shape changes during evolutionary shifts in 3D cellular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasvinee Atul Mody
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Rolle
- Applied and Computational Topology, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Nico Stucki
- Applied and Computational Topology, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, Walther-von-Dyck Strasse 10, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Roll
- Applied and Computational Topology, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bauer
- Applied and Computational Topology, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, Walther-von-Dyck Strasse 10, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Bideau L, Velasquillo-Ramirez Z, Baduel L, Basso M, Gilardi-Hebenstreit P, Ribes V, Vervoort M, Gazave E. Variations in cell plasticity and proliferation underlie distinct modes of regeneration along the antero-posterior axis in the annelid Platynereis. Development 2024; 151:dev202452. [PMID: 38950937 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The capacity to regenerate lost tissues varies significantly among animals. Some phyla, such as the annelids, display substantial regenerating abilities, although little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying the process. To precisely determine the origin, plasticity and fate of the cells participating in blastema formation and posterior end regeneration after amputation in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we developed specific tools to track different cell populations. Using these tools, we find that regeneration is partly promoted by a population of proliferative gut cells whose regenerative potential varies as a function of their position along the antero-posterior axis of the worm. Gut progenitors from anterior differentiated tissues are lineage restricted, whereas gut progenitors from the less differentiated and more proliferative posterior tissues are much more plastic. However, they are unable to regenerate the stem cells responsible for the growth of the worms. Those stem cells are of local origin, deriving from the cells present in the segment abutting the amputation plane, as are most of the blastema cells. Our results favour a hybrid and flexible cellular model for posterior regeneration in Platynereis relying on different degrees of cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Bideau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Loeiza Baduel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Basso
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Vanessa Ribes
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vervoort
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eve Gazave
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
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Samant C, Kale R, Pai KSR, Nandakumar K, Bhonde M. Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer drug resistance: Insights into molecular aspects of major solid tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150348. [PMID: 38986260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to conventional and targeted therapies remains one of the major obstacles in the effective management of cancer. Aberrant activation of key signaling mechanisms plays a pivotal role in modulating resistance to drugs. An evolutionarily conserved Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the signaling cascades which regulate resistance to drugs. Elevated Wnt signaling confers resistance to anticancer therapies, either through direct activation of its target genes or via indirect mechanisms and crosstalk over other signaling pathways. Involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer hallmarks like inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of invasion and metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance makes this pathway a potential target to exploit for addressing drug resistance. Accumulating evidences suggest a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in imparting resistance across multiple cancers including PDAC, NSCLC, TNBC, etc. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of how Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates cancer drug resistance in majority of the solid tumors. We take a deep dive into the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated modulation of cellular and downstream molecular mechanisms and their impact on cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charudatt Samant
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ramesh Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
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123
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Matsuda K, Adachi H, Gotoh H, Inoue Y, Kondo S. Adhesion and shrinkage transform the rounded pupal horn into an angular adult horn in Japanese rhinoceros beetle. Development 2024; 151:dev202082. [PMID: 38477641 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Clarifying the mechanisms underlying shape alterations during insect metamorphosis is important for understanding exoskeletal morphogenesis. The large horn of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is the result of drastic metamorphosis, wherein it appears as a rounded shape during pupation and then undergoes remodeling into an angular adult shape. However, the mechanical mechanisms underlying this remodeling process remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the remodeling mechanisms of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle horn by developing a physical simulation. We identified three factors contributing to remodeling by biological experiments - ventral adhesion, uneven shrinkage, and volume reduction - which were demonstrated to be crucial for transformation using a physical simulation. Furthermore, we corroborated our findings by applying the simulation to the mandibular remodeling of stag beetles. These results indicated that physical simulation applies to pupal remodeling in other beetles, and the morphogenic mechanism could explain various exoskeletal shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Adachi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroki Gotoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 616-8540, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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124
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Su J, Yang X, Xu H, Pei Y, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Screening (ant)agonistic activities of xenobiotics on the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) using in vitro and in silico analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174717. [PMID: 38997027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are known as crucial endocrine receptors that could mediate a broad diversity of biological processes. However, the data on endocrine disrupting effects of emerging chemicals by targeting RAR (ant)agonism are far from sufficient. Herein, we investigated the RARα agonistic or antagonistic activities for 75 emerging chemicals of concern, and explored their interactions with this receptor. A recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay was used to examine the RARα activities of the test chemicals, wherein 7 showed effects of RARα agonism and 54 exerted potentials of RARα antagonism. The representative chemicals with RARα agonistic activities, i.e. 4-hydroxylphenol (4-HP) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), significantly increased the mRNA levels of CRABP2 and CYP26A1, while 4 select chemicals with RARα antagonistic potentials, including bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), conversely decreased the transcriptional levels of the test genes. The in silico molecular docking analysis using 3 different approaches further confirmed the substantial binding between the chemicals with RARα activities and this nuclear receptor protein. This work highlights the promising strategy for screening endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging chemicals of concern by targeting RARα (ant)agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Hanqing Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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125
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Rutowicz K, Lüthi J, de Groot R, Holtackers R, Yakimovich Y, Pazmiño DM, Gandrillon O, Pelkmans L, Baroux C. Multiscale chromatin dynamics and high entropy in plant iPSC ancestors. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261703. [PMID: 38738286 PMCID: PMC11234377 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant protoplasts provide starting material for of inducing pluripotent cell masses that are competent for tissue regeneration in vitro, analogous to animal induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Dedifferentiation is associated with large-scale chromatin reorganisation and massive transcriptome reprogramming, characterised by stochastic gene expression. How this cellular variability reflects on chromatin organisation in individual cells and what factors influence chromatin transitions during culturing are largely unknown. Here, we used high-throughput imaging and a custom supervised image analysis protocol extracting over 100 chromatin features of cultured protoplasts. The analysis revealed rapid, multiscale dynamics of chromatin patterns with a trajectory that strongly depended on nutrient availability. Decreased abundance in H1 (linker histones) is hallmark of chromatin transitions. We measured a high heterogeneity of chromatin patterns indicating intrinsic entropy as a hallmark of the initial cultures. We further measured an entropy decline over time, and an antagonistic influence by external and intrinsic factors, such as phytohormones and epigenetic modifiers, respectively. Collectively, our study benchmarks an approach to understand the variability and evolution of chromatin patterns underlying plant cell reprogramming in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rutowicz
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Lüthi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinoud de Groot
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Holtackers
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yauhen Yakimovich
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana M. Pazmiño
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon,69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Célia Baroux
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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126
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Jin C, Yan K, Wang M, Song W, Wang B, Men Y, Niu J, He Y, Zhang Q, Qi J. Dissecting the dynamic cellular transcriptional atlas of adult teleost testis development throughout the annual reproductive cycle. Development 2024; 151:dev202296. [PMID: 38477640 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Teleost testis development during the annual cycle involves dramatic changes in cellular compositions and molecular events. In this study, the testicular cells derived from adult black rockfish at distinct stages - regressed, regenerating and differentiating - were meticulously dissected via single-cell transcriptome sequencing. A continuous developmental trajectory of spermatogenic cells, from spermatogonia to spermatids, was delineated, elucidating the molecular events involved in spermatogenesis. Subsequently, the dynamic regulation of gene expression associated with spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation was observed across spermatogonia subgroups and developmental stages. A bioenergetic transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration of spermatogonia during the annual developmental cycle was demonstrated, and a deeper level of heterogeneity and molecular characteristics was revealed by re-clustering analysis. Additionally, the developmental trajectory of Sertoli cells was delineated, alongside the divergence of Leydig cells and macrophages. Moreover, the interaction network between testicular micro-environment somatic cells and spermatogenic cells was established. Overall, our study provides detailed information on both germ and somatic cells within teleost testes during the annual reproductive cycle, which lays the foundation for spermatogenesis regulation and germplasm preservation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Kai Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Weihao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yu Men
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jie Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
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127
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Barone V, Tagua A, Román JÁAS, Hamdoun A, Garrido-García J, Lyons DC, Escudero LM. Local and global changes in cell density induce reorganisation of 3D packing in a proliferating epithelium. Development 2024; 151:dev202362. [PMID: 38619327 PMCID: PMC11112164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is intimately linked to the changes in shape and organisation of individual cells. In curved epithelia, cells can intercalate along their own apicobasal axes, adopting a shape named 'scutoid' that allows energy minimization in the tissue. Although several geometric and biophysical factors have been associated with this 3D reorganisation, the dynamic changes underlying scutoid formation in 3D epithelial packing remain poorly understood. Here, we use live imaging of the sea star embryo coupled with deep learning-based segmentation to dissect the relative contributions of cell density, tissue compaction and cell proliferation on epithelial architecture. We find that tissue compaction, which naturally occurs in the embryo, is necessary for the appearance of scutoids. Physical compression experiments identify cell density as the factor promoting scutoid formation at a global level. Finally, the comparison of the developing embryo with computational models indicates that the increase in the proportion of scutoids is directly associated with cell divisions. Our results suggest that apico-basal intercalations appearing immediately after mitosis may help accommodate the new cells within the tissue. We propose that proliferation in a compact epithelium induces 3D cell rearrangements during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barone
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Jesus Á. Andrés-San Román
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juan Garrido-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Deirdre C. Lyons
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luis M. Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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128
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Jackson EW, Romero E, Kling S, Lee Y, Tjeerdema E, Hamdoun A. Stable germline transgenesis using the Minos Tc1/mariner element in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. Development 2024; 151:dev202991. [PMID: 39023164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Stable transgenesis is a transformative tool in model organism biology. Although the sea urchin is one of the oldest animal models in cell and developmental biology, studies in this animal have largely relied on transient manipulation of wild animals, without a strategy for stable transgenesis. Here, we build on recent progress to develop a more genetically tractable sea urchin species, Lytechinus pictus, and establish a robust transgene integration method. Three commonly used transposons (Minos, Tol2 and piggyBac) were tested for non-autonomous transposition, using plasmids containing a polyubiquitin promoter upstream of a H2B-mCerulean nuclear marker. Minos was the only transposable element that resulted in significant expression beyond metamorphosis. F0 animals were raised to sexual maturity, and spawned to determine germline integration and transgene inheritance frequency, and to characterize expression patterns of the transgene in F1 progeny. The results demonstrate transgene transmission through the germline, the first example of a germline transgenic sea urchin and, indeed, of any echinoderm. This milestone paves the way for the generation of diverse transgenic resources that will dramatically enhance the utility, reproducibility and efficiency of sea urchin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot W Jackson
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emilio Romero
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Svenja Kling
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoon Lee
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Evan Tjeerdema
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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129
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Garschall K, Pascual-Carreras E, García-Pascual B, Filimonova D, Guse A, Johnston IG, Steinmetz PRH. The cellular basis of feeding-dependent body size plasticity in sea anemones. Development 2024; 151:dev202926. [PMID: 38980277 PMCID: PMC11267454 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Many animals share a lifelong capacity to adapt their growth rates and body sizes to changing environmental food supplies. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying this plasticity remains only poorly understood. We therefore studied how the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) respond to feeding and starvation. Combining quantifications of body size and cell numbers with mathematical modelling, we observed that growth and shrinkage rates in Nematostella are exponential, stereotypic and accompanied by dramatic changes in cell numbers. Notably, shrinkage rates, but not growth rates, are independent of body size. In the facultatively symbiotic Aiptasia, we show that growth and cell proliferation rates are dependent on the symbiotic state. On a cellular level, we found that >7% of all cells in Nematostella juveniles reversibly shift between S/G2/M and G1/G0 cell cycle phases when fed or starved, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyp growth and cell proliferation are dependent on TOR signalling during feeding. Altogether, we provide a benchmark and resource for further investigating the nutritional regulation of body plasticity on multiple scales using the genetic toolkit available for Nematostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Garschall
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Belén García-Pascual
- Department for Mathematics, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daria Filimonova
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Guse
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iain G. Johnston
- Department for Mathematics, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
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Della Rosa G, Gostynska N, Ephraim JW, Marras S, Moroni M, Tirelli N, Panuccio G, Palazzolo G. Magnesium vs. sodium alginate as precursors of calcium alginate: Mechanical differences and advantages in the development of functional neuronal networks. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122375. [PMID: 39048194 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Calcium alginate is one of the most widely employed matrices in regenerative medicine. A downside is its heterogeneity, due to the poorly controllable character of the gelation of sodium alginate (NaAlg), i.e. the commonly used alginate salt, with calcium. Here, we have used magnesium alginate (MgAlg) as an alternative precursor of calcium alginate. MgAlg coils, more compact and thus less entangled than those of NaAlg, allow for an easier diffusion of calcium ions, whereas Mg is exchanged with calcium more slowly than Na; this allows for the formation of a material (Ca(Mg)Alg) with a more reversible creep behaviour than Ca(Na)Alg, due to a more homogeneous - albeit lower - density of elastically active cross-links. We also show that Ca(Mg)Alg supports better than Ca(Na)Alg the network development and function of embedded (rat cortical) neurons: they show greater neurite extension and branching at 7 and 21 days (Tubb3 and Map2 immunofluorescence) and better neuronal network functional maturation / more robust and longer-lasting activity, probed by calcium imaging and microelectrode array electrophysiology. Overall, our results unveil the potential of MgAlg as bioactive biomaterial for enabling the formation of functional neuron-based tissue analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Natalia Gostynska
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - John W Ephraim
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - Sergio Marras
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Characterization Facility, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Tirelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
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131
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Li Y, Ye Y, Zhu X, Liu X, Li X, Zhao Y, Che X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals nanoplastics-induced apoptosis, autophagy and immune response in Litopenaeus vannamei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174360. [PMID: 38960190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the toxic physiological effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic organisms. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the regulatory mechanisms of NPs on immune response in crustaceans. In this study, a 28-day chronic exposure experiment was conducted in which shrimps were exposed to various 80-nm polystyrene NPs concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L). Transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of NPs in immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. With increasing NPs concentration, the total hemocyte count (THC) content decreased, while phagocytosis rate (PR) and respiratory burst (RB) showed trends of first rising and then falling. High concentration (10 mg/L) of NPs caused the destruction of hepatopancreas tissue structure, the shedding of microvilli, the increase number of hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy structure. With increasing NPs concentration, the lysozyme (Lys), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities first increased and then decrease, while contents of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde increased; the expression levels of Toll, MyD88, GPx, SOD, proPO, Lys, and ALF generally increased at first and then decreased. Transcriptional sequencing analysis showed that the pathway of differentially expressed genes in KEGG enrichment mainly included lysosome (ko04142), apoptosis (ko04210) pathways, indicating that the NPs mainly affected the immune regulatory mechanism. Further analysis by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that the up-regulation pathways of NPs activation mainly included immune response-related pathways such as mitochondrial autophagy, DNA repair, autophagosomes signaling pathway. Our results indicated that NPs exposure induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in shrimps. This study provides a basis for further understanding of the mechanisms of antioxidant immune regulation by NPs in shrimp and may serve as a reference for healthy ecological culture of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
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132
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Kurtz BE, Landmeyer JE, Culter JK. Detection of periodic peaks in Karenia brevis concentration consistent with the time-delay logistic equation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174061. [PMID: 38908607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The logistic equation models single-species population growth with a sigmoid curve that begins as exponential and ends with an asymptotic approach to a final population determined by natural system carrying capacity. But the population of a natural system often does not stabilize as it approaches carrying capacity. Instead, it exhibits periodic change, sometimes with very large amplitudes. The time-delay modification of the logistic equation accounts for this behavior by connecting the present rate of population growth to conditions at an earlier time. The periodic change in population with time can progress from a monotonic approach to the carrying capacity; to oscillation around the carrying capacity; to limit-cycle periodic change; and, finally, to chaotic change. The presence of multiple species and inadequate sampling frequency and spatial coverage hinder the application of the time-delay logistic equation to real-world populations. Blooms of Karenia brevis along the southwest Florida Gulf Coast, however, provide a unique opportunity in that blooms are nearly monospecific and are sampled frequently over a wide geographic region; they are good candidates for testing the time-delay logistic equation. We show that these blooms exhibit peaks in concentration with periods in the range of 40-100 days, consistent with that predicted by the time-delay logistic equation. Cell concentrations in the valleys between the peaks are at least 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than peak values, offering predictable windows of opportunity for potential mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Kurtz
- New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd., Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
| | | | - James K Culter
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
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133
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Shin B, Chang SJ, MacNabb BW, Rothenberg EV. Transcriptional network dynamics in early T cell development. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230893. [PMID: 39167073 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The rate at which cells enter the T cell pathway depends not only on the immigration of hematopoietic precursors into the strong Notch signaling environment of the thymus but also on the kinetics with which each individual precursor cell reaches T-lineage commitment once it arrives. Notch triggers a complex, multistep gene regulatory network in the cells in which the steps are stereotyped but the transition speeds between steps are variable. Progenitor-associated transcription factors delay T-lineage differentiation even while Notch-induced transcription factors within the same cells push differentiation forward. Progress depends on regulator cross-repression, on breaching chromatin barriers, and on shifting, competitive collaborations between stage-specific and stably expressed transcription factors, as reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Shin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Samantha J Chang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Brendan W MacNabb
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, USA
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134
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Lee JY, Gala DS, Kiourlappou M, Olivares-Abril J, Joha J, Titlow JS, Teodoro RO, Davis I. Murine glial protrusion transcripts predict localized Drosophila glial mRNAs involved in plasticity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306152. [PMID: 39037431 PMCID: PMC11262410 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The polarization of cells often involves the transport of specific mRNAs and their localized translation in distal projections. Neurons and glia are both known to contain long cytoplasmic processes, while localized transcripts have only been studied extensively in neurons, not glia, especially in intact nervous systems. Here, we predict 1,740 localized Drosophila glial transcripts by extrapolating from our meta-analysis of seven existing studies characterizing the localized transcriptomes and translatomes of synaptically associated mammalian glia. We demonstrate that the localization of mRNAs in mammalian glial projections strongly predicts the localization of their high-confidence Drosophila homologs in larval motor neuron-associated glial projections and are highly statistically enriched for genes associated with neurological diseases. We further show that some of these localized glial transcripts are specifically required in glia for structural plasticity at the nearby neuromuscular junction synapses. We conclude that peripheral glial mRNA localization is a common and conserved phenomenon and propose that it is likely to be functionally important in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y. Lee
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dalia S. Gala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jana Joha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rita O. Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Davis
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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135
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Salvador-Garcia D, Jin L, Hensley A, Gölcük M, Gallaud E, Chaaban S, Port F, Vagnoni A, Planelles-Herrero VJ, McClintock MA, Derivery E, Carter AP, Giet R, Gür M, Yildiz A, Bullock SL. A force-sensitive mutation reveals a non-canonical role for dynein in anaphase progression. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310022. [PMID: 38949648 PMCID: PMC11215527 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The diverse roles of the dynein motor in shaping microtubule networks and cargo transport complicate in vivo analysis of its functions significantly. To address this issue, we have generated a series of missense mutations in Drosophila Dynein heavy chain. We show that mutations associated with human neurological disease cause a range of defects, including impaired cargo trafficking in neurons. We also describe a novel microtubule-binding domain mutation that specifically blocks the metaphase-anaphase transition during mitosis in the embryo. This effect is independent from dynein's canonical role in silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint. Optical trapping of purified dynein complexes reveals that this mutation only compromises motor performance under load, a finding rationalized by the results of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We propose that dynein has a novel function in anaphase progression that depends on it operating in a specific load regime. More broadly, our work illustrates how in vivo functions of motors can be dissected by manipulating their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salvador-Garcia
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Jin
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Hensley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mert Gölcük
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fillip Port
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mark A. McClintock
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Régis Giet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mert Gür
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Simon L. Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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136
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Park K, Garde A, Thendral SB, Soh AW, Chi Q, Sherwood DR. De novo lipid synthesis and polarized prenylation drive cell invasion through basement membrane. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202402035. [PMID: 39007804 PMCID: PMC11248228 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202402035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To breach the basement membrane, cells in development and cancer use large, transient, specialized lipid-rich membrane protrusions. Using live imaging, endogenous protein tagging, and cell-specific RNAi during Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion, we demonstrate that the lipogenic SREBP transcription factor SBP-1 drives the expression of the fatty acid synthesis enzymes POD-2 and FASN-1 prior to invasion. We show that phospholipid-producing LPIN-1 and sphingomyelin synthase SMS-1, which use fatty acids as substrates, produce lysosome stores that build the AC's invasive protrusion, and that SMS-1 also promotes protrusion localization of the lipid raft partitioning ZMP-1 matrix metalloproteinase. Finally, we discover that HMG-CoA reductase HMGR-1, which generates isoprenoids for prenylation, localizes to the ER and enriches in peroxisomes at the AC invasive front, and that the final transmembrane prenylation enzyme, ICMT-1, localizes to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites that dynamically polarize to deliver prenylated GTPases for protrusion formation. Together, these results reveal a collaboration between lipogenesis and a polarized lipid prenylation system that drives invasive protrusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieop Park
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aastha Garde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Adam W.J. Soh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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137
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Pala F, Notarangelo LD, Bosticardo M. Rediscovering the human thymus through cutting-edge technologies. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230892. [PMID: 39167072 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have transformed our understanding of the human thymus. Innovations such as high-resolution imaging, single-cell omics, and organoid cultures, including thymic epithelial cell (TEC) differentiation and culture, and improvements in biomaterials, have further elucidated the thymus architecture, cellular dynamics, and molecular mechanisms underlying T cell development, and have unraveled previously unrecognized levels of stromal cell heterogeneity. These advancements offer unprecedented insights into thymic biology and hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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138
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Angelis N, Baulies A, Hubl F, Kucharska A, Kelly G, Llorian M, Boeing S, Li VSW. Loss of ARID3A perturbs intestinal epithelial proliferation-differentiation ratio and regeneration. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232279. [PMID: 39150450 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells at the crypt divide and give rise to progenitor cells that proliferate and differentiate into various mature cell types in the transit-amplifying (TA) zone. Here, we showed that the transcription factor ARID3A regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation at the TA progenitors. ARID3A forms an expression gradient from the villus tip to the upper crypt mediated by TGF-β and WNT. Intestinal-specific deletion of Arid3a reduces crypt proliferation, predominantly in TA cells. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis shows increased enterocyte and reduced secretory differentiation in the Arid3a cKO intestine, accompanied by enriched upper-villus gene signatures of both cell lineages. We find that the enhanced epithelial differentiation in the Arid3a-deficient intestine is caused by increased binding and transcription of HNF1 and HNF4. Finally, we show that loss of Arid3a impairs irradiation-induced regeneration with sustained cell death and reprogramming. Our findings imply that Arid3a functions to fine-tune the proliferation-differentiation dynamics at the TA progenitors, which are essential for injury-induced regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Angelis
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Anna Baulies
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Florian Hubl
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, UK
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139
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Ott CM, Constable S, Nguyen TM, White K, Lee WCA, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Mukhopadhyay S. Permanent deconstruction of intracellular primary cilia in differentiating granule cell neurons. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404038. [PMID: 39137043 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia on granule cell neuron progenitors in the developing cerebellum detect sonic hedgehog to facilitate proliferation. Following differentiation, cerebellar granule cells become the most abundant neuronal cell type in the brain. While granule cell cilia are essential during early developmental stages, they become infrequent upon maturation. Here, we provide nanoscopic resolution of cilia in situ using large-scale electron microscopy volumes and immunostaining of mouse cerebella. In many granule cells, we found intracellular cilia, concealed from the external environment. Cilia were disassembled in differentiating granule cell neurons-in a process we call cilia deconstruction-distinct from premitotic cilia resorption in proliferating progenitors. In differentiating granule cells, cilia deconstruction involved unique disassembly intermediates, and, as maturation progressed, mother centriolar docking at the plasma membrane. Unlike ciliated neurons in other brain regions, our results show the deconstruction of concealed cilia in differentiating granule cells, which might prevent mitogenic hedgehog responsiveness. Ciliary deconstruction could be paradigmatic of cilia removal during differentiation in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Ott
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Sandii Constable
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tri M Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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140
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Tam R, Harris TJ. Centrosome-organized plasma membrane infoldings linked to growth of a cortical actin domain. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202403115. [PMID: 38935075 PMCID: PMC11215285 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell shape change requires the induction of cortical cytoskeletal domains. Often, local changes to plasma membrane (PM) topography are involved. Centrosomes organize cortical domains and can affect PM topography by locally pulling the PM inward. Are these centrosome effects coupled? At the syncytial Drosophila embryo cortex, centrosome-induced actin caps grow into dome-like compartments for mitoses. We found the nascent cap to be a collection of PM folds and tubules formed over the astral centrosomal MT array. The localized infoldings require centrosome and dynein activities, and myosin-based surface tension prevents them elsewhere. Centrosome-engaged PM infoldings become specifically enriched with an Arp2/3 induction pathway. Arp2/3 actin network growth between the infoldings counterbalances centrosomal pulling forces and disperses the folds for actin cap expansion. Abnormal domain topography with either centrosome or Arp2/3 disruption correlates with decreased exocytic vesicle association. Together, our data implicate centrosome-organized PM infoldings in coordinating Arp2/3 network growth and exocytosis for cortical domain assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tam
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony J.C. Harris
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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141
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Anderson G, Cosway EJ, James KD, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y. Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230894. [PMID: 38980292 PMCID: PMC11232892 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate immune system, thymus stromal microenvironments support the generation of αβT cells from immature thymocytes. Thymic epithelial cells are of particular importance, and the generation of cortical and medullary epithelial lineages from progenitor stages controls the initiation and maintenance of thymus function. Here, we discuss the developmental pathways that regulate thymic epithelial cell diversity during both the embryonic and postnatal periods. We also examine how thymus microenvironments respond to injury, with particular focus on mechanisms that ensure regeneration of thymic epithelial cells for the restoration of thymus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Emilie J Cosway
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Kieran D James
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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142
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Luo X, Ni X, Zhi J, Jiang X, Bai R. Small molecule agents against alopecia: Potential targets and related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116666. [PMID: 39002436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia has emerged as a global concern, extending beyond the middle-aged and elderly population and increasingly affecting younger individuals. Despite its growing prevalence, the treatment options and effective drugs for alopecia remain limited due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the pathogenesis of alopecia and discover novel and safer therapeutic agents. This review provided an overview of the prevailing clinical disorders of alopecia, and the key pathways and targets involved in hair growth process. Additionally, it discusses FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates for the treatment of alopecia, and explores small molecule compounds with anti-alopecia potential in the drug discovery phase. These endeavors are expected to provide researchers with valuable scientific insights and practical information for anti-alopecia drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinhua Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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143
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Ji W, Du G, Jiang J, Lu W, Mills CE, Yuan L, Jiang F, He Z, Bradshaw GA, Chung M, Jiang Z, Byun WS, Hinshaw SM, Zhang T, Gray NS. Discovery of bivalent small molecule degraders of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116613. [PMID: 39004018 PMCID: PMC11316633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, along with cyclin H and MAT1, forms the CDK-activating complex (CAK), which directs cell cycle progression via T-loop phosphorylation of cell cycle CDKs. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK7 leads to selective anti-cancer effects in cellular and in vivo models, motivating several ongoing clinical investigations of this target. Current CDK7 inhibitors are either reversible or covalent inhibitors of its catalytic activity. We hypothesized that small molecule targeted protein degradation (TPD) might result in differentiated pharmacology due to the loss of scaffolding functions. Here, we report the design and characterization of a potent CDK7 degrader that is comprised of an ATP-competitive CDK7 binder linked to a CRL2VHL recruiter. JWZ-5-13 effectively degrades CDK7 in multiple cancer cells and leads to a potent inhibition of cell proliferation. Additionally, compound JWZ-5-13 displayed bioavailability in a pharmacokinetic study conducted in mice. Therefore, JWZ-5-13 is a useful chemical probe to investigate the pharmacological consequences of CDK7 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ji
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Guangyan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin E Mills
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Linjie Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhixiang He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gary A Bradshaw
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mirra Chung
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zixuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Woong Sub Byun
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stephen M Hinshaw
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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144
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Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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145
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Butler JM, McKinney JE, Ludington SC, Mabogunje M, Baker P, Singh D, Edwards SV, O'Connell LA. Tadpoles rely on mechanosensory stimuli for communication when visual capabilities are poor. Dev Biol 2024; 514:66-77. [PMID: 38851558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The ways in which animals sense the world changes throughout development. For example, young of many species have limited visual capabilities, but still make social decisions, likely based on information gathered through other sensory modalities. Poison frog tadpoles display complex social behaviors that have been suggested to rely on vision despite a century of research indicating tadpoles have poorly-developed visual systems relative to adults. Alternatively, other sensory modalities, such as the lateral line system, are functional at hatching in frogs and may guide social decisions while other sensory systems mature. Here, we examined development of the mechanosensory lateral line and visual systems in tadpoles of the mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator) that use vibrational begging displays to stimulate egg feeding from their mothers. We found that tadpoles hatch with a fully developed lateral line system. While begging behavior increases with development, ablating the lateral line system inhibited begging in pre-metamorphic tadpoles, but not in metamorphic tadpoles. We also found that the increase in begging and decrease in reliance on the lateral line co-occurs with increased retinal neural activity and gene expression associated with eye development. Using the neural tracer neurobiotin, we found that axonal innervations from the eye to the brain proliferate during metamorphosis, with few retinotectal connections in recently-hatched tadpoles. We then tested visual function in a phototaxis assay and found tadpoles prefer darker environments. The strength of this preference increased with developmental stage, but eyes were not required for this behavior, possibly indicating a role for the pineal gland. Together, these data suggest that tadpoles rely on different sensory modalities for social interactions across development and that the development of sensory systems in socially complex poison frog tadpoles is similar to that of other frog species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Butler
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States.
| | | | | | - Moremi Mabogunje
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States; Foothill Community College, United States
| | - Penelope Baker
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Devraj Singh
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, United States; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, United States; Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, United States; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, United States
| | - Lauren A O'Connell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States; Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford University, United States.
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146
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Smith M, Lesperance M, Herrmann A, Vernooy S, Cherian A, Kivlehan E, Whipple L, Portman DS, Mason DA. Two C. elegans DM domain proteins, DMD-3 and MAB-3, function in late stages of male somatic gonad development. Dev Biol 2024; 514:50-65. [PMID: 38880276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
To bring about sexual dimorphism in form, information from the sex determination pathway must trigger sex-specific modifications in developmental programs. DM-domain encoding genes have been found to be involved in sex determination in a multitude of animals, often at the level of male somatic gonad formation. Here we report our findings that the DM-domain transcription factors MAB-3 and DMD-3 function together in multiple steps during the late stages of C. elegans male somatic gonad development. Both mab-3 and dmd-3 are expressed in the linker cell and hindgut of L4 males and dmd-3 is also expressed in presumptive vas deferens cells. Furthermore, dmd-3, but not mab-3, expression in the linker cell is downstream of nhr-67, a nuclear hormone receptor that was previously shown to control late stages of linker cell migration. In mab-3; dmd-3 double mutant males, the last stage of linker cell migration is partially defective, resulting in aberrant linker cell shapes and often a failure of the linker cell to complete its migration to the hindgut. When mab-3; dmd-3 double mutant linker cells do complete their migration, they fail to be engulfed by the hindgut, indicating that dmd-3 and mab-3 activity are essential for this process. Furthermore, linker cell death and clearance are delayed in mab-3; dmd-3 double mutants, resulting in the linker cell persisting into adulthood. Finally, DMD-3 and MAB-3 function to activate expression of the bZIP transcription factor encoding gene zip-5 and downregulate the expression of the zinc metalloprotease ZMP-1 in the linker cell. Taken together, these results demonstrate a requirement for DM-domain transcription factors in controlling C. elegans male gonad formation, supporting the notion that the earliest DM-domain genes were involved in male somatic gonad development in the last common ancestor of the bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Smith
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Herrmann
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | | | - Asher Cherian
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | - Emily Kivlehan
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | - Lauren Whipple
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | - Douglas S Portman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - D Adam Mason
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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147
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Li J, Zhang SX, Wang DL, Qi JJ, Bai CY, Sun H, Sun BX, Liang S. Thyroxine regulates pig Sertoli cell line proliferation and maturation through the IKK/NFκB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Theriogenology 2024; 227:1-8. [PMID: 38981313 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the proliferation and differentiation of pig Sertoli cells (SCs) mediated by thyroid hormone (T3) to provide a theoretical and practical basis for enhancing pig semen production. The effects of different concentrations of T3 on the proliferation of pig SCs were evaluated using the CCK8 assay. The impact of T3 on the proliferation and differentiation of pig SCs was further examined using RNA-seq, qPCR, and Western Blotting techniques. Additionally, the involvement of the p38 MAPK and NFκB pathways in mediating the effects of T3 on SCs proliferation and differentiation was investigated. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between the dosage of T3 and the inhibition of pig SCs proliferation and promotion of maturation. T3 regulated the activation state of the NFκB signaling pathway by upregulating IKKα, downregulating IKKβ, and promoting IκB phosphorylation. Furthermore, T3 facilitated SCs maturation by upregulating AR and FSHR expression while downregulating KRT-18. In conclusion, T3 inhibits pig SCs proliferation and promote pig SCs maturation through the IKK/NFκB and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which T3 influences the proliferation and maturation of pig SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shao-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Li Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Jia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yan Bai
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo-Xing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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148
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Lacouth P, Majer A, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Custódio MR, Queiroz V. Physiological responses of Holothuria grisea during a wound healing event: An integrated approach combining tissue, cellular and humoral evidence. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111695. [PMID: 38992416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to their tissue structure similar to mammalian skin and their close evolutionary relationship with chordates, holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are particularly interesting for studies on wound healing. However, previous studies dealing with holothuroid wound healing have had limited approaches, being restricted to tissue repair or perivisceral immune response. In this study, we combined tissue, cellular and humoral parameters to study the wound healing process of Holothuria grisea. The immune responses of the perivisceral coelom were assessed by analyzing the number, proportion and viability of coelomocytes and the volume and protein concentration of the coelomic fluid. Additionally, the morphology of the healing tissue and number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue of different body wall layers were examined over 30 days. Our results showed that perivisceral reactions started 3 h after injury and decreased to baseline levels within 24 h. In contrast, tissue responses were delayed, beginning after 12 h and returning to baseline levels only after day 10. The number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue suggests a potential cooperation between these cells during wound healing: phagocytes and acidophilic spherulocytes act together in tissue clearance/homeostasis, whereas fibroblast-like and morula cells cooperate in tissue remodeling. Finally, our results indicate that the major phases observed in mammalian wound healing are also observed in H. grisea, despite occurring at a different timing, which might provide insights for future studies. Based on these data, we propose a model that explains the entire healing process in H. grisea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lacouth
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Majer
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Márcio Reis Custódio
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Queiroz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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149
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Cunningham CB, Shelby EA, McKinney EC, Simmons AM, Moore AJ, Moore PJ. An association between Dnmt1 and Wnt in the production of oocytes in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:467-480. [PMID: 38335444 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The function of DNA methylation in insects and the DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) genes that influence methylation remains uncertain. We used RNA interference to reduce the gene expression of Dnmt1 within the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae; Gennadius), a hemipteran species that relies on Dnmt1 for proper gametogenesis. We then used RNA-seq to test an a priori hypothesis that meiosis-related genetic pathways would be perturbed. We generally did not find an overall effect on meiosis-related pathways. However, we found that genes in the Wnt pathway, genes associated with the entry into meiosis in vertebrates, were differentially expressed. Our results are consistent with Dnmt1 knockdown influencing specific pathways and not causing general transcriptional response. This is a finding that is also seen with other insect species. We also characterised the methylome of B. tabaci and assessed the influence of Dnmt1 knockdown on cytosine methylation. This species has methylome characteristics comparable to other hemipterans regarding overall level, enrichment within gene bodies, and a bimodal distribution of methylated/non-methylated genes. Very little differential methylation was observed, and difference in methylation were not associated with differences in gene expression. The effect on Wnt presents an interesting new candidate pathway for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily A Shelby
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Alvin M Simmons
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allen J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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150
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Farodoye OM, Otenaike TA, Loreto JS, Adedara AO, Silva MM, Barbosa NV, Rocha JBTD, Abolaji AO, Loreto ELS. Evidence of acrylamide-induced behavioral deficit, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 284:109971. [PMID: 38972620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), a ubiquitous compound with diverse route of exposure, has been demonstrated to have detrimental effects on human and animal health. The mechanisms underlying its toxicity is multifaceted and not fully elucidated. This study aims to provide further insight into novel pathways underlying ACR toxicity by leveraging on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. The concentrations of acrylamide (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and period of exposure (7-days) used in this study was established through a concentration response curve. ACR exposure demonstrably reduced organismal viability, evidenced by decline in survival rate, offspring emergence and deficits in activity, sleep and locomotory behaviors. Using a high-resolution respirometry assay, the role of mitochondria respiratory system in ACR-mediated toxicity in the flies was investigated. Acrylamide caused dysregulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics and respiratory capacity leading to an impaired OXPHOS activity and electron transport, ultimately contributing to the pathological process of ACR-toxicity. Furthermore, ACR exacerbated apoptosis and induced oxidative stress in D. melanogaster. The up-regulation of mRNA transcription of Reaper, Debcl and Dark genes and down-regulation of DIAP1, an ubiquitylation catalyzing enzyme, suggests that ACR promotes apoptosis through disruption of caspase and pro-apoptotic protein ubiquitination and a mitochondria-dependent pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Conclusively, this study provides valuable insights into the cellular mechanism underlying ACR-mediated toxicity. Additionally, our study reinforces the utility of D. melanogaster as a translational tool for elucidating the complex mechanisms of ACR toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola Mary Farodoye
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil. https://twitter.com/@Bukolarita
| | - Titilayomi Ayomide Otenaike
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil. https://twitter.com/@TITILAYOMIADE
| | - Julia Sepel Loreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Adeola Oluwatosin Adedara
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Monica Medeiros Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amos Olalekan Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. https://twitter.com/@amosabolaji
| | - Elgion Lucio Silva Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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