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Wang Z, Wei H, Li Y, Chen W, Lin Z, Lai Y, Ding L, Zhang L, Zeng H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes effectively ameliorate the outcomes of rats with acute graft-versus-host disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23751. [PMID: 38923701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302590rrrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reveal multifaceted immunoregulatory properties, which can be applied for diverse refractory and recurrent disease treatment including acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Distinguishing from MSCs with considerable challenges before clinical application, MSCs-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are cell-free microvesicles with therapeutic ingredients and serve as advantageous alternatives for ameliorating the outcomes of aGVHD. MSC-Exos were enriched and identified by western blotting analysis, NanoSight, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bone marrow-derived MSCs (denoted as MSCs) and exosomes (denoted as MSC-Exos) were infused into the aGVHD SD-Wister rat model via tail vein, and variations in general growth and survival of rats were observed. The level of inflammatory factors in serum was quantized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological conditions of the liver and intestine of rats were observed by frozen sectioning. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+ and Treg cell proportions in peripheral blood, together with the autophagy in the spleen and thymus, were analyzed by flow cytometry. After treatment with MSC-Exos, the survival time of aGVHD rats was prolonged, the clinical manifestations of aGVHD in rats were improved, whereas the pathological damage of aGVHD in the liver and intestine was reduced. According to ELISA, we found that MSC-Exos revealed ameliorative effect upon aGVHD inflammation (e.g., TNF-α, IL-2, INF-γ, IL-4, and TGF-β) compared to the MSC group. After MSC-Exo treatment, the ratio of Treg cells in peripheral blood was increased, whereas the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood and the autophagy in the spleen and thymus was decreased. MSC-Exos effectively suppressed the activation of immune cells and the manifestation of the inflammatory response in the aGVHD rat model. Our data would supply new references for MSC-Exo-based "cell-free" biotherapy for aGVHD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Cadres Health, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiting Lai
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huake Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Hao M, Xue L, Wen X, Sun L, Zhang L, Xing K, Hu X, Xu J, Xing D. Advancing bone regeneration: Unveiling the potential of 3D cell models in the evaluation of bone regenerative materials. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:1-29. [PMID: 38815683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Bone, a rigid yet regenerative tissue, has garnered extensive attention for its impressive healing abilities. Despite advancements in understanding bone repair and creating treatments for bone injuries, handling nonunions and large defects remains a major challenge in orthopedics. The rise of bone regenerative materials is transforming the approach to bone repair, offering innovative solutions for nonunions and significant defects, and thus reshaping orthopedic care. Evaluating these materials effectively is key to advancing bone tissue regeneration, especially in difficult healing scenarios, making it a critical research area. Traditional evaluation methods, including two-dimensional cell models and animal models, have limitations in predicting accurately. This has led to exploring alternative methods, like 3D cell models, which provide fresh perspectives for assessing bone materials' regenerative potential. This paper discusses various techniques for constructing 3D cell models, their pros and cons, and crucial factors to consider when using these models to evaluate bone regenerative materials. We also highlight the significance of 3D cell models in the in vitro assessments of these materials, discuss their current drawbacks and limitations, and suggest future research directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work addresses the challenge of evaluating bone regenerative materials (BRMs) crucial for bone tissue engineering. It explores the emerging role of 3D cell models as superior alternatives to traditional methods for assessing these materials. By dissecting the construction, key factors of evaluating, advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of 3D cell models, the paper elucidates their significance in overcoming current evaluation method shortcomings. It highlights how these models offer a more physiologically relevant and ethically preferable platform for the precise assessment of BRMs. This contribution is particularly significant for "Acta Biomaterialia" readership, as it not only synthesizes current knowledge but also propels the discourse forward in the search for advanced solutions in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Linyuan Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26600, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Chang S, Ren D, Zhang L, Liu S, Yang W, Cheng H, Zhang X, Hong E, Geng D, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Shi T, Guo Y, Ni X, Wang H, Jin Y. Therapeutic SHPRH-146aa encoded by circ-SHPRH dynamically upregulates P21 to inhibit CDKs in neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217120. [PMID: 39002691 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has underscored the significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancers, including neuroblastoma (NB). Specifically, circ-SHPRH, a unique circRNA, has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth by sequestering miRNAs or producing the SHPRH-146aa protein. To explore circ-SHPRH's involvement in NB and its potential application in gene therapy, this study examined circ-SHPRH expression in 94 NB tissues and cell lines (SK-N-BE(2), SH-SY5Y) using real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Functional assays encompassing both overexpression and knockdown experiments in NB cell lines, as well as in vivo investigations, were conducted. RNA-seq analysis revealed a correlation between circ-SHPRH and the pathway of P21 (CDKN1A), a pivotal cell cycle regulator. Validation through PCR and other techniques confirmed that circ-SHPRH upregulated P21 expression. Furthermore, the regulatory role of circ-SHPRH in the P21-CDK pathway was corroborated through SHPRH-146aa expression analysis. Notably, adenovirus-mediated circ-SHPRH overexpression effectively curbed NB tumor growth in NSG mice, while combining circ-SHPRH with everolimus exhibited potential for NB treatment. This study elucidates the remarkable significance of circ-SHPRH in NB and its prospective utility in gene therapy, thereby paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saishuo Chang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Dong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Enyu Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Di Geng
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yadi Wang
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chenghao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Yaqiong Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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104
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Chmykhalo VK, Deev RV, Tokarev AT, Polunina YA, Xue L, Shidlovskii YV. SWI/SNF Complex Connects Signaling and Epigenetic State in Cells of Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6. [PMID: 39002058 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
SWI/SNF protein complexes are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulators described in all eukaryotes. In metameric animals, the complexes are involved in all processes occurring in the nervous system, from neurogenesis to higher brain functions. On the one hand, the range of roles is wide because the SWI/SNF complexes act universally by mobilizing the nucleosomes in a chromatin template at multiple loci throughout the genome. On the other hand, the complexes mediate the action of multiple signaling pathways that control most aspects of neural tissue development and function. The issues are discussed to provide insight into the molecular basis of the multifaceted role of SWI/SNFs in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, activation of immediate-early genes, neurogenesis, and brain and connectome formation. An overview is additionally provided for the molecular basis of nervous system pathologies associated with the SWI/SNF complexes and their contribution to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss the idea that SWI/SNFs act as an integration platform to connect multiple signaling and genetic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Chmykhalo
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Roman V Deev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Artemiy T Tokarev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Yulia A Polunina
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulii V Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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105
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Liu S, Zhao H, Jiang T, Wan G, Yan C, Zhang C, Yang X, Chen Z. The Angiogenic Repertoire of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Demystifying the Molecular Underpinnings for Wound Healing Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10762-y. [PMID: 39001965 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for wound repair, recapitulating the biological effects of parent cells while mitigating immunogenic and tumorigenic risks. These EVs orchestrate wound healing processes, notably through modulating angiogenesis-a critical event in tissue revascularization and regeneration. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted mechanisms underpinning the pro-angiogenic capacity of EVs from various stem cell sources within the wound microenvironment. By elucidating the molecular intricacies governing their angiogenic prowess, we aim to unravel the mechanistic repertoire underlying their remarkable potential to accelerate wound healing. Additionally, methods to enhance the angiogenic effects of SC-EVs, current limitations, and future perspectives are highlighted, emphasizing the significant potential of this rapidly advancing field in revolutionizing wound healing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyuan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huayuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Chen HY, Huang YC, Yeh TH, Chang CW, Shen YJ, Chen YC, Sun MQ, Cheng YC. Dtx2 deficiency induces ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation and improves spinal cord motor function recovery. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 39001828 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord can lead to significant, permanent disability. Mammalian spinal cords are not capable of regeneration; in contrast, adult zebrafish are capable of such regeneration, fully recovering motor function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying zebrafish neuroregeneration may provide useful information regarding endogenous regenerative potential and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies in humans. DTXs regulate a variety of cellular processes. However, their role in neural regeneration has not been described. We found that zebrafish dtx2, encoding Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 2, is expressed in ependymo-radial glial cells in the adult spinal cord. After spinal cord injury, the heterozygous dtx2 mutant fish motor function recovered quicker than that of the wild-type controls. The mutant fish displayed increased ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation and augmented motor neuron formation. Moreover, her gene expression, downstream of Notch signaling, increased in Dtx2 mutants. Notch signaling inactivation by dominant-negative Rbpj abolished the increased ependymo-radial glia proliferation caused by Dtx2 deficiency. These results indicate that ependymo-radial glial proliferation is induced by Dtx2 deficiency, by activating Notch-Rbpj signaling to improve spinal cord regeneration and motor function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Taipei, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Jin Shen
- Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Mu-Qun Sun
- Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302;
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107
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Xu B, Peng C, Du Y, Li Q, Yang K. Effect of autophagy on aging-related changes in orthodontic tooth movement in rats. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:785. [PMID: 38997686 PMCID: PMC11245873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of adult orthodontic patients is increasing, and studies have shown that autophagy is involved in regulating orthodontic tooth movement and plays an important role in aging-related changes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of autophagy in aging-related changes during orthodontic tooth movement by establishing a rat orthodontic tooth movement model. METHODS Forty-five 6-week-old and sixty-five 8-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to represent adolescents and adults and establish orthodontic tooth movement model. They were sacrificed on days 0,1,3,7 and 14. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were applied to measure the expression level of osteogenesis, autophagy, aging factors and osteoclast number in periodontal membrane of left upper first molar during orthodontic tooth movement. Then, we regulated the autophagy level by injecting autophagy activator rapamycin during orthodontic tooth movement and measured these factors and tooth movement distance by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Aging factor levels in the periodontal membrane were higher in adult rats than in adolescent rats and the autophagy factor levels were lower. The levels of osteogenic factors were lower on the tension side in adult rats than in adolescent rats. The peak osteoclast number on the pressure side occurred later in adult rats than in adolescent rats. The injection of rapamycin increased autophagy, accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in adult rats, and reduced the levels of aging factors. The levels of osteogenic factors were higher and reached those in adolescent rats at some time points. The number of osteoclasts increased significantly in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy may play a substantial role in regulating aging-related changes in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhan Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yugui Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Alhajamee M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Babaei E, Mahdavi M. A biochemical assessment of apoptosis-inducing impact of Salinomycin in combination with ciprofloxacin on human leukemia KG1-a stem-like cells in the presence and absence of insulin. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:807. [PMID: 39002036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-developing invading cancer that impacts the blood and bone marrow, marked by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Chemotherapeutic agents, a primary treatment for AML, encounter clinical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability. Previous studies have highlighted antibiotics as effective in inducing cancer cell death and potentially preventing metastasis. Besides, insulin is known to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, often disrupted in cancers, leading to enhanced cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. In light of the above-mentioned points, we examined the anti-cancer impact of antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CP) and Salinomycin (SAL) and their combination on KG1-a cells in the presence and absence of insulin. METHODS This was accomplished by exposing KG1-a cells to different doses of CP and SAL alone, in combination, and with or without insulin for 24-72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Besides, apoptotic effects were examined using Hoechst staining and Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, p53, BIRC5, Akt, PTEN, and FOXO1 were analyzed through Real-Time PCR. RESULTS CP and SAL demonstrated cytotoxic and notable pro-apoptotic impact on KG1-a cells by upregulating Bax and p53 and downregulating BIRC5, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and prevention of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that combination of CP and SAL promote apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating BIRC5 and Akt, as well as up-regulating Bax, p53, PTEN, and FOXO1. Additionally, the findings strongly indicated that insulin effectively mitigates apoptosis by enhancing Akt expression and reducing FOXO1 and PTEN gene expression in the cells treated with CP and SAL. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the combined treatment of CP and SAL exhibit a strong anti-cancer effect on leukemia KG1-a cells. Moreover, it was discovered that the PI3K-Akt signaling can be a promising target in leukemia treatment particularly in hyperinsulinemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Alhajamee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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El-Badawy MA, Badawy M, El Shahawy M. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells restored GLUT1 expression in the submandibular salivary glands of ovariectomized rats. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 166:106048. [PMID: 39002180 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of ovarian function in menopause is commonly associated with salivary gland dysfunction. The aim is to study the possible therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the altered structure of the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) of ovariectomized rats. DESIGN Twenty-four female, adult, Wistar rats were used and distributed into three groups (8 rats/group). The control group included sham-operated rats. The ovariectomized group consisted of rats with removed ovaries. The third group consisted of ovariectomized rats received injections, via tail, of MSCs extracted from bone marrow of 3-weeks-old rat hind limb (BM-MSC group). Four weeks after BM-MSC transplantation, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur was detected. The SMG was dissected and processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS The ovariectomized rats depicted low BMD in the femur. The SMG acini revealed atrophy. The ductal and acinar cells depicted vacuolization and abnormal nuclear histology. GLUT1 immunostaining was decreased in SMG ducts. The BM-MSC group resumed the normal SMG histology and GLUT1 immunolabelling. CONCLUSIONS BM-MSC therapy restored the normal SMG structure and GLUT1 immunostaining in the treated ovariectomized rats, suggesting improved glucose transporting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Abdulqader El-Badawy
- Demonstrator at Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Maha El Shahawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Misr Aswan Road, Minia 61511, Egypt; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kafrelsheikh University, Elgiesh street, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Lv H, Feng Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhou T, Wei J, Feng L, Tao Y, Chen F, Lu S. Global scientific trends on exosomes therapy for osteoporosis from 2004 to 2023: A bibliometric and visualized analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38835. [PMID: 38996093 PMCID: PMC11245275 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have emerged as pivotal mediators in modulating physiological and pathological processes implicated in osteoporosis (OP) through their distinctive mode of intracellular communication. The use of exosomes has evoked considerable interest, catalyzing a surge in research endeavors on a global scale. This study endeavors to scrutinize contemporary landscapes and burgeoning trends in this realm. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve publications on exosomes therapy for OP within the time frame of January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023. The bibliometric methodology was applied to study and index the collected data. VOSviewer and citespace software were used to conduct visualization, co-authorship, co-occurrence, and publication trend analyses of exosome therapy in OP. RESULTS A total of 610 publications (443 articles and 167 reviews) from 51 countries and 911 institutions were included in this study. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Central South University, Sichuan University, and Zhejiang University are leading research institutions in this field. Stem Cell Research Therapy published the highest number of articles and has emerged as the most cited journal. Of the 4077 scholars who participated in the study, Xie, Hui, Zhang, Yan, Tan, and Yi-Juan had the largest number of articles. Furthermore, according to the cluster analysis of external keywords, future research hotspots can be categorized into 3 directions: research status of exosomes for the treatment of OP, treatment of OP through exosome-regulated signaling pathways, and exosomes as targeted drug delivery systems. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the number of future publications on exosome therapy for OP will increase, with a focus on fundamental investigations into drug-loading capacities and molecular mechanisms. In summary, this study presents the first systematic bibliometric analysis of exosome therapy publications in OP, providing an objective and comprehensive overview of the field and a valuable reference for researchers in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lv
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Joint & Sports Medicine Surgery Division, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Gynecology Department, Guangdong Medical University Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jihu Wei
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yizi Tao
- Faculty of Postgraduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Spine Surgery Division, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shijin Lu
- Centre for Translational Medical Research in Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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111
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Floryanzia S, Lee S, Nance E. Isolation methods and characterization of primary rat neurovascular cells. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:39. [PMID: 38992711 PMCID: PMC11241874 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant interest in isolating cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for use in in vitro screening of therapeutics and analyzing cell specific roles in neurovascular pathology. Primary brain cells play an advantageous role in BBB models; however, isolation procedures often do not produce cells at high enough yields for experiments. In addition, although numerous reports provide primary cell isolation methods, the field is lacking in documentation and detail of expected morphological changes that occur throughout culturing and there are minimal troubleshooting resources. Here, we present simplified, robust, and reproducible methodology for isolating astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells, and demonstrate several morphological benchmarks for each cell type throughout the process and culture timeframe. We also analyze common considerations for developing neurovascular cell isolation procedures and recommend solutions for troubleshooting. RESULTS The presented methodology isolated astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells and enabled cell attachment, maturation, and cell viability. We characterized milestones in cell maturation over 12 days in culture, a common timeline for applications of these cell types in BBB models. Phase contrast microscopy was used to show initial cell plating, attachment, and daily growth of isolated cells. Confocal microscopy images were analyzed to determine the identity of cell types and changes to cell morphology. Nuclear staining was also used to show the viability and proliferation of glial cells at four time points. Astrocyte branches became numerous and complex with increased culture time. Microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons were present in mixed glial cultures for 12 days, though the percentage of microglia and neurons expectedly decreased after passaging, with microglia demonstrating a less branched morphology. CONCLUSIONS Neurovascular cells can be isolated through our optimized protocols that minimize cell loss and encourage the adhesion and proliferation of isolated cells. By identifying timepoints of viable glia and neurons within an astrocyte-dominant mixed culture, these cells can be used to evaluate drug targeting, uptake studies, and response to pathological stimulus in the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Floryanzia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seoyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Molecular Engineering and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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112
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Shohda E, Sheta RA. Misconceptions about trigger finger: a scoping review. Definition, pathophysiology, site of lesion, etiology. Trigger finger solving a maze. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:53. [PMID: 38992697 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Trigger finger (TF) is a disorder characterized by snapping or locking a finger. It has a prevalence of greater than 3% in the general population; however, this estimate could be increased to 5% up to 20% in diabetic patients. Some unreal ambiguity about definition, pathophysiology, site of lesion, and etiology are found among researchers and clinicians, leading to a lack of understanding of all aspects of the disease and improper management as many clinicians proceed to anti-inflammatory medications or steroids injection without in-depth patient evaluation. Original articles cited up to 2022, found through a Google search using the specified keywords, have been used in this review. Close-access articles were accessed through our researcher account with the Egyptian Knowledge Bank. In this review, we will focus on pathophysiology to present all possible findings and etiology to represent all risk factors and associated diseases to assess and confirm a diagnosis and the exact location of pathology hence better treatment modalities and reducing the recurrence of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Shohda
- Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, 5Th Kamal eldeen Abaza Street from, Manshet Abaza, Zagazig, 44759, Al-Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Reda Ali Sheta
- Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, 1st Talaat Harb Street from El Salm Street. Beside Sednawey Hospital, Zagazig, 44759, Al-Sharkia, Egypt
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113
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Ou H, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Tang X, Xiao M, Li S, Lei L, Xie Z. The role of cells and their derivatives in otorhinolaryngologic diseases treatment. Life Sci 2024; 352:122898. [PMID: 38997061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Otolaryngology is an important specialty in the field of surgery that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the ear, nose, throat, trachea, as well as related anatomical structures. Various otolaryngological disorders are difficult to treat using established pharmacological and surgical approaches. The advent of molecular and cellular therapies led to further progress in this respect. This article reviews the therapeutic strategies of using stem cells, immune cells, and chondrocytes in otorhinolaryngology. As the most widely recognized cell derivatives, exosomes were also systematically reviewed for their therapeutic potential in head and neck cancer, otitis media, and allergic rhinitis. Finally, we summarize the limitations of stem cells, chondrocytes, and exosomes, as well as possible solutions, and provide an outlook on the future direction of cell- and derivative-based therapies in otorhinolaryngology, to offer a theoretical foundation for the clinical translation of this therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Minna Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zuozhong Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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114
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Hassanabad AF, Zarzycki AN, Patel VB, Fedak PWM. Current Concepts in the Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024:107673. [PMID: 38996851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant driver of congestive heart failure, a syndrome that continues to affect a growing patient population globally. Cardiac fibrosis results from a constellation of complex processes at the transcription, receptor, and signaling axes levels. Various mediators and signaling cascades, such as the transformation growth factor-beta pathway, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac tissue fibrosis. Our understanding of these markers and pathways has improved in recent years as more advanced technologies and assays have been developed, allowing for better delineation of the crosstalk between specific factors. There is mounting evidence suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of key pro- and anti-fibrotic pathways can accentuate or blunt the rate and extent of fibrosis at the tissue level. Exosomes, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs all belong to factors that can impact the epigenetic signature in cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest literature about exosomes, their contents, and cardiac fibrosis. In doing so, we highlight the specific transcriptional factors with pro- or anti-fibrotic properties. We also assimilate the data supporting these mediators' potential utility as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we offer insight into where further work can be done to fill existing gaps to translate pre-clinical findings better and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna N Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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115
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Sharifi M, Kamalabadi-Farahani M, Salehi M, Ebrahimi-Brough S, Alizadeh M. Recent perspectives on the synergy of mesenchymal stem cells with micro/nano strategies in peripheral nerve regeneration-a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1401512. [PMID: 39050683 PMCID: PMC11266111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1401512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the intrinsic repair of peripheral nerve injury (PNI), it is important to carefully monitor the process of peripheral nerve repair, as peripheral nerve regeneration is slow and incomplete in large traumatic lesions. Hence, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with protective and regenerative functions are utilized in synergy with innovative micro/nano technologies to enhance the regeneration process of peripheral nerves. Nonetheless, as MSCs are assessed using standard regenerative criteria including sensory-motor indices, structural features, and morphology, it is challenging to differentiate between the protective and regenerative impacts of MSCs on neural tissue. This study aims to analyze the process of nerve regeneration, particularly the performance of MSCs with and without synergistic approaches. It also focuses on the paracrine secretions of MSCs and their conversion into neurons with functional properties that influence nerve regeneration after PNI. Furthermore, the study explores new ideas for nerve regeneration after PNI by considering the synergistic effect of MSCs and therapeutic compounds, neuronal cell derivatives, biological or polymeric conduits, organic/inorganic nanoparticles, and electrical stimulation. Finally, the study highlights the main obstacles to developing synergy in nerve regeneration after PNI and aims to open new windows based on recent advances in neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalabadi-Farahani
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Health Technology Incubator Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Brough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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116
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Kwon T, Leroux AC, Zang H, Pollard D, Zehe C, Akbari S. Cell-based shear stress sensor for bioprocessing. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:71-79. [PMID: 38685415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Shear stress during bioreactor cultivation has significant impact on cell health, growth, and fate. Mammalian cells, such as T cells and stem cells, in next-generation cell therapies are especially more sensitive to shear stress present in their culture environment than bacteria. Therefore, a base knowledge about the shear stress imposed by the bioprocesses is needed to optimize the process parameters and enhance cell growth and yield. However, typical computational flow dynamics modeling or PCR-based assays have several limitations. Implementing and interpreting computational modeling often requires technical specialties and also relies on many simplifications in modeling. PCR-based assays evaluating changes in gene expression involve cumbersome sample preparation with the use of advanced lab equipment and technicians, hampering rapid and straightforward assessment of shear stress. Here, we developed a simple, cell-based shear stress sensor for measuring shear stress levels in different bioreactor types and operating conditions. We engineered a CHO-DG44 cell line to make its stress sensitive promoter EGR-1 control GFP expression. Subsequently, the stressed CHO cells were transferred into a 96 well plate, and their GFP levels (population mean fluorescence) were monitored using a cell analysis instrument (Incucyte®, Sartorius Stedim Biotech) over 24 hours. After conducting sensor characterization, which included chemical induced stress and fluid shear stress, and stability investigation, we tested the shear stress sensor in the Ambr® 250 bioreactor vessels (Sartorius Stedim Biotech) with different impeller and vessel designs. The results showed that the CHO cell-based shear stress sensors expressed higher GFP levels in response to higher shear stress magnitude or exposure time. These sensors are useful tools to assess shear stress imposed by bioreactor conditions and can facilitate the design of various bioreactor vessels with a low shear stress profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehong Kwon
- Sartorius Stedim North America Inc., United States
| | | | - Han Zang
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Samin Akbari
- Sartorius Stedim North America Inc., United States.
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117
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Jeising S, Nickel AC, Trübel J, Felsberg J, Picard D, Leprivier G, Wolter M, Huynh MK, Olivera MB, Kaulich K, Häberle L, Esposito I, Klau GW, Steinmann J, Beez T, Rapp M, Sabel M, Dietrich S, Remke M, Cornelius JF, Reifenberger G, Qin N. A clinically compatible in vitro drug-screening platform identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in primary cultures of brain metastases. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04763-7. [PMID: 38985431 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain metastases represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults and are associated with a poor prognosis. We used a personalized in vitro drug screening approach to characterize individual therapeutic vulnerabilities in brain metastases. METHODS Short-term cultures of cancer cells isolated from brain metastasis patients were molecularly characterized using next-generation sequencing and functionally evaluated using high-throughput in vitro drug screening to characterize pharmacological treatment sensitivities. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing identified matched genetic alterations in brain metastasis tissue samples and corresponding short-term cultures, suggesting that short-term cultures of brain metastases are suitable models for recapitulating the genetic profile of brain metastases that may determine their sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. Employing a high-throughput in vitro drug screening platform, we successfully screened the cultures of five brain metastases for response to 267 anticancer compounds and related drug response to genetic data. Among others, we found that targeted treatment with JAK3, HER2, or FGFR3 inhibitors showed anti-cancer effects in individual brain metastasis cultures. CONCLUSION Our preclinical study provides a proof-of-concept for combining molecular profiling with in vitro drug screening for predictive evaluation of therapeutic vulnerabilities in brain metastasis patients. This approach could advance the use of patient-derived cancer cells in clinical practice and might eventually facilitate decision-making for personalized drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jeising
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Trübel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Spatial & Functional Screening Core Facility, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marietta Wolter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - My Ky Huynh
- Department of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlene B Olivera
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Spatial & Functional Screening Core Facility, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Häberle
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunnar W Klau
- Department of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Steinmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jan F Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Spatial & Functional Screening Core Facility, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany.
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118
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Paw M, Sarna M, Kędracka-Krok S, Nit K, Błażowska N, Dobosz A, Hammad R, Cathomen T, Zuba-Surma E, Tyszka-Czochara M, Madeja Z. Hypoxic extracellular vesicles from hiPSCs protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage by transferring antioxidant proteins and enhancing Akt/Erk/NRF2 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:356. [PMID: 38982464 PMCID: PMC11232324 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging class of therapeutics with excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and pro-regenerative capacity. One of the potential targets for EV-based medicines are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this work we used EVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs; hiPS-EVs) cultured under different oxygen concentrations (21, 5 and 3% O2) to dissect the molecular mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection. METHODS EVs were isolated by ultrafiltration combined with size exclusion chromatography (UF + SEC), followed by characterization by nanoparticle tracking analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Western blot methods. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatic analyses were used to identify differentially enriched proteins in various oxygen conditions. We directly compared the cardioprotective effects of these EVs in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of cardiomyocyte (CM) injury. Using advanced molecular biology, fluorescence microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy and bioinformatics techniques, we investigated intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell survival, apoptosis and antioxidant response. The direct effect of EVs on NRF2-regulated signaling was evaluated in CMs following NRF2 inhibition with ML385. RESULTS We demonstrate that hiPS-EVs derived from physiological hypoxia at 5% O2 (EV-H5) exert enhanced cytoprotective function towards damaged CMs compared to EVs derived from other tested oxygen conditions (normoxia; EV-N and hypoxia 3% O2; EV-H3). This resulted from higher phosphorylation rates of Akt kinase in the recipient cells after transfer, modulation of AMPK activity and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence for improved calcium signaling and sustained contractility in CMs treated with EV-H5 using AFM measurements. Mechanistically, our mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses revealed differentially enriched proteins in EV-H5 associated with the antioxidant pathway regulated by NRF2. In this regard, EV-H5 increased the nuclear translocation of NRF2 protein and enhanced its transcription in CMs upon OGD/R. In contrast, inhibition of NRF2 with ML385 abolished the protective effect of EVs on CMs. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we demonstrate a superior cardioprotective function of EV-H5 compared to EV-N and EV-H3. Such EVs were most effective in restoring redox balance in stressed CMs, preserving their contractile function and preventing cell death. Our data support the potential use of hiPS-EVs derived from physiological hypoxia, as cell-free therapeutics with regenerative properties for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Nit
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Błażowska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Dobosz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruba Hammad
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Pimple SN, Pedler MG, Shieh B, Mandava A, McCourt E, Petrash JM. Human Breast Milk Enhances Cellular Proliferation in Cornea Wound Healing. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38979814 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2374836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal epithelial defects from trauma or surgery heal as new epithelial cells grow centripetally from the limbus and replenish the epithelium. Corneal wound healing requires cell signalling molecules. However, a topical treatment with these components is not available. Human breast milk (HBM) offers a potential, novel treatment as it contains bioactive molecules important in epithelial cell healing. This study seeks to investigate the potential of HBM in cornea wound healing. METHODS Balb/c mice, 8-12 weeks old, were anesthetized prior to creating a 2 mm central cornea epithelial defect. Mice were randomly assigned to a treatment group: HBM, ophthalmic ointment containing neomycin, polymyxin B, dexamethasone (RxTx), or saline and treated 4x/day for 2 days. Wound area was quantified by fluorescein and ImageJ at 0, 8, 24, and 48 h post wounding and eyes used for histology, RT-qPCR, and ELISA. RESULTS Wounded corneas treated with HBM demonstrated increased re-epithelialization at 8 h post injury compared to saline treatments. ELISA showed significantly higher Ki67 in HBM treated eyes vs. saline control at 8 h (p = 0.0278). Additionally, immunohistology revealed more Ki67 positive cells in the HBM group compared to saline at 8 h and 24 h (p = 0.0063 8 h; p = 0.0007 24 h). For inflammatory analysis, HBM group IL-1β levels were similar to the saline group, and higher than RxTx treated eyes (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for CD11b (macrophage marker) revealed HBM-treated eyes had significantly more positive cells vs. saline. RT-qPCR of limbal stem cell markers (LESCs) revealed upregulation of Integrin αV at 8 h with HBM vs. saline. CONCLUSIONS HBM treatment on corneas with debridement of epithelium demonstrated improved healing, cellular proliferation, and upregulation of the LESC gene transcript, integrin αV, after wounding. Future studies could investigate LESC response to different signalling molecules in HBM to better understand the efficacy of this potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Pimple
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michelle G Pedler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Biehuoy Shieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anjali Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily McCourt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Goushki MA, Kharat Z, Kehtari M, Sohi AN, Ahvaz HH, Rad I, HosseinZadeh S, Kouhkan F, Kabiri M. Applications of extraembryonic tissue-derived cells in vascular tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:205. [PMID: 38982541 PMCID: PMC11234723 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering is a promising approach for regenerating damaged blood vessels and developing new therapeutic approaches for heart disease treatment. To date, different sources of cells have been recognized that offer assistance within the recovery of heart supply routes and veins with distinctive capacities and are compelling for heart regeneration. However, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome to establish the full potential application of these cells. In this paper, we review the different cell sources used for vascular tissue engineering, focusing on extraembryonic tissue-derived cells (ESCs), and elucidate their roles in cardiovascular disease. In addition, we highlight the intricate interplay between mechanical and biochemical factors in regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, offering insights into optimizing their application in vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Amiri Goushki
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Zahra Kharat
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Alireza Naderi Sohi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran
| | | | - Iman Rad
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, 15856-36473, Iran
| | - Simzar HosseinZadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kouhkan
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, 15856-36473, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran.
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Wan S, Aregueta Robles U, Poole-Warren L, Esrafilzadeh D. Advances in 3D tissue models for neural engineering: self-assembled versus engineered tissue models. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3522-3549. [PMID: 38829222 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering has emerged as a promising field that aims to create functional neural tissue for therapeutic applications, drug screening, and disease modelling. It is becoming evident in the literature that this goal requires development of three-dimensional (3D) constructs that can mimic the complex microenvironment of native neural tissue, including its biochemical, mechanical, physical, and electrical properties. These 3D models can be broadly classified as self-assembled models, which include spheroids, organoids, and assembloids, and engineered models, such as those based on decellularized or polymeric scaffolds. Self-assembled models offer advantages such as the ability to recapitulate neural development and disease processes in vitro, and the capacity to study the behaviour and interactions of different cell types in a more realistic environment. However, self-assembled constructs have limitations such as lack of standardised protocols, inability to control the cellular microenvironment, difficulty in controlling structural characteristics, reproducibility, scalability, and lengthy developmental timeframes. Integrating biomimetic materials and advanced manufacturing approaches to present cells with relevant biochemical, mechanical, physical, and electrical cues in a controlled tissue architecture requires alternate engineering approaches. Engineered scaffolds, and specifically 3D hydrogel-based constructs, have desirable properties, lower cost, higher reproducibility, long-term stability, and they can be rapidly tailored to mimic the native microenvironment and structure. This review explores 3D models in neural tissue engineering, with a particular focus on analysing the benefits and limitations of self-assembled organoids compared with hydrogel-based engineered 3D models. Moreover, this paper will focus on hydrogel based engineered models and probe their biomaterial components, tuneable properties, and fabrication techniques that allow them to mimic native neural tissue structures and environment. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects of 3D neural models for both self-assembled and engineered models in neural tissue engineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Wan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ulises Aregueta Robles
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Laura Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Niknam B, Ayenehdeh JM, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M, Tajik N. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Inflammatory Response and Improve Allograft Islet Transplant in Mice Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Endocr Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38982737 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2024.2377286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease where immune cells attack insulin-producing beta cells. Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for T1DM. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) in combination with pancreatic islet transplantation using hydrogel. METHODS T1DM mouse model was established using streptozotocin (STZ). Islets and AT-MSCs were co-embedded in a hydrogel and transplanted into diabetic mice. Five groups with six animals in each (control, hydrogel alone, AT-MSCs embedded hydrogel, islet embedded in hydrogel, and islet + AT-MSCs co-imbedded into a hydrogel) were evaluated in terms of blood glucose, insulin levels and serum and lavage cytokine production. RESULTS During 32 days, blood glucose levels decreased from over 400 mg/dl to less than 150 mg/dl in the transplanted mice. Analysis showed increased transformation growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and IL-4 levels, while IL-17 and IFN-γ levels significantly decreased in the MSC-treated groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that using AT-MSCs with hydrogel could be a beneficial alternative for enhancing pancreatic islet engraftment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Niknam
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Mohammadi Ayenehdeh
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Tajik
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu B, Liu Y, Li S, Chen P, Zhang J, Feng L. Depletion of placental brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is attributed to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in mice offspring. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:141. [PMID: 38982490 PMCID: PMC11232340 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the causes of female infertility. Unexplained POI is increasingly affecting women in their reproductive years. However, the etiology of POI is diverse and remains elusive. We and others have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in adult ovarian function. Here, we report on a novel role of BDNF in the Developmental Origins of POI. METHODS Placental BDNF knockout mice were created using CRISPR/CAS9. Homozygous knockout (cKO(HO)) mice didn't survive, while heterozygous knockout (cKO(HE)) mice did. BDNF reduction in cKO(HE) mice was confirmed via immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Ovaries were collected from cKO(HE) mice at various ages, analyzing ovarian metrics, FSH expression, and litter sizes. In one-month-old mice, oocyte numbers were assessed using super-ovulation, and oocyte gene expression was analyzed with smart RNAseq. Ovaries of P7 mice were studied with SEM, and gene expression was confirmed with RT-qPCR. Alkaline phosphatase staining at E11.5 and immunofluorescence for cyclinD1 assessed germ cell number and cell proliferation. RESULTS cKO(HE) mice had decreased ovarian function and litter size in adulthood. They were insensitive to ovulation induction drugs manifested by lower oocyte release after superovulation in one-month-old cKO(HE) mice. The transcriptome and SEM results indicate that mitochondria-mediated cell death or aging might occur in cKO(HE) ovaries. Decreased placental BDNF led to diminished primordial germ cell proliferation at E11.5 and ovarian reserve which may underlie POI in adulthood. CONCLUSION The current results showed decreased placental BDNF diminished primordial germ cell proliferation in female fetuses during pregnancy and POI in adulthood. Our findings can provide insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Reproduction, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuman Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Reproduction, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Xu J, Fang L, Zhou J, Jiang H, Wu Y, Liang Y, Xiao C, Liu Q, Sun X, Lin Z. PEG 300 Promotes Mesodermal Differentiation in iPSC-Derived Embryoid Body Formation In Vitro. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400081. [PMID: 38977421 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EB) are sensitive to changes in the culture conditions. Recent studies show that the addition of PEG 300 to culture medium affects cell growth and differentiation; however, its effect on the embryoid body is unclear. This study aims to understand the role of PEG 300 in the process of EB formation and germ layer differentiation. EBs formed more efficiently and differentiated toward the mesoderm when cultured in a medium supplemented with appropriate concentrations of PEG 300. The expression of T/Bry, a marker of mesodermal differentiation, increases in EBs in the PEG group, and the expression of TUBB3 generally decreases, showing a quantitative relationship with PEG. Furthermore, further differentiation of PEG-pretreated EB into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by directional induction shows that PEG 300-pretreated induced VSMCs have higher expression of phenotypic markers and greater secretory and contractile functions. This study highlights the role of PEG 300 in the culture medium during EB differentiation, which can significantly enhance mesodermal gene expression and the efficiency of subsequent differentiation into smooth muscle cells and other target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Xu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lijun Fang
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hongjing Jiang
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yindi Wu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuanfeng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xuheng Sun
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China
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Cha Z, Qiao Y, Lu Q, Wang Q, Lu X, Zhou H, Li T. Research progress and challenges of stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410732. [PMID: 39040041 PMCID: PMC11260720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a significant global cause of death and disability. Currently, treatment options for acute ischemic stroke are limited to intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical recanalization. Therefore, novel neuroprotective strategies are imperative. Stem cell transplantation possesses the capabilities of differentiation, proliferation, neuronal replacement, nerve pathway reconstruction, secretion of nerve growth factors, and enhancement of the microenvironment; thus, it is a potential therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. In addition, the immunomodulatory function of stem cells and the combined treatment of stem cells and exosomes exhibit a favorable protective effect on brain injury and neurological dysfunction following stroke. Meanwhile, the theory of microbiota-gut-brain axis provides us with a novel perspective for comprehending and managing neurological diseases. Lastly, stem cell transplantation has demonstrated promising outcomes not only in treating ischemic stroke but also in dealing with other neurological disorders, such as brain tumors. Furthermore, challenges related to the tissue source, delivery method, immune response, and timing of transplantation still need to be addressed to optimize the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaihong Cha
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yisheng Qiao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qixiong Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Jiang Y, Yu Z, Zheng H, Zhou X, Zhou M, Geng X, Zhu Y, Huang S, Gong Y, Guo L. An immune biomarker associated with EMT serves as a predictor for prognosis and drug response in bladder cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10813-10831. [PMID: 38980253 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA), which develops from the upper endometrial of the bladder, is the sixth most prevalent cancer across the globe. WDHD1 (WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1 gene) directly affects signaling, the cell cycle, and the development of the cell skeleton. Uncertainty surrounds WDHD1's function in BLCA immunity and prognosis, though. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), initially, we first identified 32 risk factors in genes with differential expression for this investigation. Then, using a variety of bioinformatic techniques and experimental validation, we examined the connections between WDHD1 and BLCA expression, clinical pathological traits, WDHD1-related proteins, upper-skin-intermediate conversion (EMT), immune cell immersion, convergence factors, immune markers, and drug sensitivity. RESULT The findings demonstrated that we constructed a 32-gene risk-predicting model where WDHD1 was elevated as a representative gene expression in BLCA and related to a range of clinical traits. Furthermore, high WDHD1 expression was a standalone predictor associated with a worse survival rate. The most commonly recruited cells and their evolutionary patterns were highlighted to better comprehend WDHD1's function in cancer. High WDHD1 expression was associated with many aspects of immunology. Finally, the study found that individuals with high expression of WDHD1 were drug-sensitive to four different broad-spectrum anti-cancer drugs. CONCLUSION These results describe dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment in BLCA and provide evidence for the hypothesis that WDHD1 is a novel biomarker of tumor development. WDHD1 may therefore be a useful target for the detection and management of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zichuan Yu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Xuanrui Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Minqin Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Xitong Geng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Shuhan Huang
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Liangyun Guo
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
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Liu D, Guan Y. Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17662. [PMID: 38993979 PMCID: PMC11238725 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs are small, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNA that are typically transported by exosomes for their functional roles. The therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been explored in various diseases including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, skin diseases, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and glioma. Pathophysiological processes such as cellular inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, immune dysfunction, and oxidative stress are closely associated with miRNAs. Internal and external factors such as tissue ischemia, hypoxia, pathogen infection, and endotoxin exposure can trigger these reactions and are linked to miRNAs. Paraquat-induced fibrosis is a protracted process that may not manifest immediately after injury but develops during bodily recovery, providing insights into potential miRNA intervention treatments. Rationale These findings could potentially be applied for further pharmaceutical research and clinical therapy of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and are likely to be of great interest to clinicians involved in lung fibrosis research. Methodology Through a literature review, we identified an association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and their involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. This allowed us to deduce the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory interactions involved in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Results miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p play roles in body repair processes, and pulmonary fibrosis can be considered a form of reparative response by the body. Although the initial purpose of fibrotic repair is to restore normal body function, excessive tissue fibrosis, unlike scar formation following external skin trauma, can significantly and adversely affect the body. Modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is beneficial in alleviating tissue fibrosis in various diseases. Conclusions In this study, we delineate the association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, presenting a novel concept for addressing paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Zheng B, Liu Y. Regulation and mechanistic insights into tensile strain in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Bone 2024; 187:117197. [PMID: 38986825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are integral to bone remodeling and homeostasis, as they are capable of differentiating into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. This differentiation is substantially influenced by mechanosensitivity, particularly to tensile strain, which is a prevalent mechanical stimulus known to enhance osteogenic differentiation. This review specifically examines the effects of various cyclic tensile stress (CTS) conditions on BMSC osteogenesis. It delves into the effects of different loading devices, magnitudes, frequencies, elongation levels, dimensionalities, and coculture conditions, providing a comparative analysis that aids identification of the most conducive parameters for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Subsequently, this review delineates the signaling pathways activated by CTS, such as Wnt/β-catenin, BMP, Notch, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Hedgehog, which are instrumental in mediating the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Through a detailed examination of these pathways, this study elucidates the intricate mechanisms whereby tensile strain promotes osteogenic differentiation, offering valuable guidance for optimizing therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China.
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Beeraka NM, Basappa B, Nikolenko VN, Mahesh PA. Role of Neurotransmitters in Steady State Hematopoiesis, Aging, and Leukemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z. [PMID: 38976142 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) represents a complex and dynamic process intricately regulated by neural signaling pathways. This delicate orchestration is susceptible to disruption by factors such as aging, diabetes, and obesity, which can impair the BM niche and consequently affect haematopoiesis. Genetic mutations in Tet2, Dnmt3a, Asxl1, and Jak2 are known to give rise to clonal haematopoiesis of intermediate potential (CHIP), a condition linked to age-related haematological malignancies. Despite these insights, the exact roles of circadian rhythms, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), sterile inflammation, and the complement cascade on various BM niche cells remain inadequately understood. Further research is needed to elucidate how BM niche cells contribute to these malignancies through neural regulation and their potential in the development of gene-corrected stem cells. This literature review describes the updated functional aspects of BM niche cells in haematopoiesis within the context of haematological malignancies, with a particular focus on neural signaling and the potential of radiomitigators in acute radiation syndrome. Additionally, it underscores the pressing need for technological advancements in stem cell-based therapies to alleviate the impacts of immunological stressors. Recent studies have illuminated the microheterogeneity and temporal stochasticity of niche cells within the BM during haematopoiesis, emphasizing the updated roles of neural signaling and immunosurveillance. The development of gene-corrected stem cells capable of producing blood, immune cells, and tissue-resident progeny is essential for combating age-related haematological malignancies and overcoming immunological challenges. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these evolving insights and their implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-168, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India.
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Malakondaiah S, Pavithravedhavalli V, Kayal L, Ryntathiang I, Dharmalingam Jothinathan MK. Stem cell therapy: A new path in tackling oral cancer. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101967. [PMID: 38977216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Malakondaiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, 600073. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Pavithravedhavalli
- Department of Zoology, Adhiyaman Arts and Science College for Women, Uthangarai, Krishnagiri, 635207, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Kayal
- Govt.Stanley Medical College, The TN DR MGR Medical university, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Iadalin Ryntathiang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam Jothinathan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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131
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Li Y, Zhu Z, Li S, Xie X, Qin L, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhang Y. Exosomes: compositions, biogenesis, and mechanisms in diabetic wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:398. [PMID: 38970103 PMCID: PMC11225131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are characterized by incomplete healing and delayed healing, resulting in a considerable global health care burden. Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures secreted by nearly all cells and express characteristic conserved proteins and parent cell-associated proteins. Exosomes harbor a diverse range of biologically active macromolecules and small molecules that can act as messengers between different cells, triggering functional changes in recipient cells and thus endowing the ability to cure various diseases, including diabetic wounds. Exosomes accelerate diabetic wound healing by regulating cellular function, inhibiting oxidative stress damage, suppressing the inflammatory response, promoting vascular regeneration, accelerating epithelial regeneration, facilitating collagen remodeling, and reducing scarring. Exosomes from different tissues or cells potentially possess functions of varying levels and can promote wound healing. For example, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have favorable potential in the field of healing due to their superior stability, permeability, biocompatibility, and immunomodulatory properties. Exosomes, which are derived from skin cellular components, can modulate inflammation and promote the regeneration of key skin cells, which in turn promotes skin healing. Therefore, this review mainly emphasizes the roles and mechanisms of exosomes from different sources, represented by MSCs and skin sources, in improving diabetic wound healing. A deeper understanding of therapeutic exosomes will yield promising candidates and perspectives for diabetic wound healing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xiaohang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Elahimanesh M, Shokri N, Shabani R, Rahimi M, Najafi M. Exploring the potential of predicted miRNAs on the genes involved in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15551. [PMID: 38969714 PMCID: PMC11226654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in therapeutic approaches applying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the cell quantity. The primary objective of this study was to predict the miRNAs and anti-miRNAs using bioinformatics tools and investigate their effects on the expression levels of key genes predicted in the improvement of proliferation, and the inhibition of differentiation in HSCs isolated from Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB). A network including genes related to the differentiation and proliferation stages of HSCs was constructed by enriching data of text (PubMed) and StemChecker server with KEGG signaling pathways, and was improved using GEO datasets. Bioinformatics tools predicted a profile from miRNAs containing miR-20a-5p, miR-423-5p, and chimeric anti-miRNA constructed from 5'-miR-340/3'-miR-524 for the high-score genes (RB1, SMAD4, STAT1, CALML4, GNG13, and CDKN1A/CDKN1B genes) in the network. The miRNAs and anti-miRNA were transferred into HSCs using polyethylenimine (PEI). The gene expression levels were estimated using the RT-qPCR technique in the PEI + (miRNA/anti-miRNA)-contained cell groups (n = 6). Furthermore, CD markers (90, 16, and 45) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Strong relationships were found between the high-score genes, miRNAs, and chimeric anti-miRNA. The RB1, SMAD4, and STAT1 gene expression levels were decreased by miR-20a-5p (P < 0.05). Additionally, the anti-miRNA increased the gene expression level of GNG13 (P < 0.05), whereas the miR-423-5p decreased the CDKN1A gene expression level (P < 0.01). The cellular count also increased significantly (P < 0.05) but the CD45 differentiation marker did not change in the cell groups. The study revealed the predicted miRNA/anti-miRNA profile expands HSCs isolated from HUCB. While miR-20a-5p suppressed the RB1, SMAD4, and STAT1 genes involved in cellular differentiation, the anti-miRNA promoted the GNG13 gene related to the proliferation process. Notably, the mixed miRNA/anti-miRNA group exhibited the highest cellular expansion. This approach could hold promise for enhancing the cell quantity in HSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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134
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Cheng M, Ma C, Chen HD, Wu Y, Xu XG. The Roles of Exosomes in Regulating Hair Follicle Growth. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1603-1612. [PMID: 38984321 PMCID: PMC11232880 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s465963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia is considered a widespread yet troubling health issue, with limited treatment options. As membranous structures derived from cells carrying proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, exosomes functionally medicate intercellular communication and alter the responses of recipient cells, resulting in disease restraint or promotion. Exosomes have broad prospects in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Studies using animal models and at the cellular level have clearly shown that exosomes from several types of cells, including dermal papilla cells and mesenchymal stem cells, have a notable capacity to promote hair growth, suggesting that exosomes may provide a new option to treat alopecia. Here, we present a thorough review of the most recent progress in the application of exosomes to hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The First Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Gang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC; National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
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Bloch S, Hager-Mair FF, Bacher J, Tomek MB, Janesch B, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Investigating the role of a Tannerella forsythia HtrA protease in host protein degradation and inflammatory response. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1425937. [PMID: 39035711 PMCID: PMC11257890 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1425937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Degradation of host proteins by bacterial proteases leads to the subversion of the host response and disruption of oral epithelial integrity, which is considered an essential factor in the progression of periodontitis. High-temperature requirement A (HtrA) protease, which is critical for bacterial survival and environmental adaptation, is found in several oral bacteria, including the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. This study investigated the proteolytic activity of HtrA from T. forsythia and its ability to modulate the host response. Methods HtrA of T. forsythia was identified bioinformatically and produced as a recombinant protein. T. forsythia mutants with depleted and restored HtrA production were constructed. The effect of T. forsythia wild-type, mutants and recombinant HtrA on the degradation of casein and E-cadherin was tested in vitro. Additionally, the responses of human gingival fibroblasts and U937 macrophages to the different HtrA-stimuli were investigated and compared to those triggered by the HtrA-deficient mutant. Results T. forsythia wild-type producing HtrA as well as the recombinant enzyme exhibited proteolytic activity towards casein and E-cadherin. No cytotoxic effect of either the wild-type, T. forsythia mutants or rHtrA on the viability of host cells was found. In hGFB and U937 macrophages, both T. forsythia species induced an inflammatory response of similar magnitude, as indicated by gene and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Recombinant HtrA had no significant effect on the inflammatory response in hGFBs, whereas in U937 macrophages, it induced a transient inflammatory response at the early stage of infection. Conclusion HtrA of T. forsythia exhibit proteolytic activity towards the host adhesion molecule E-cadherin and has the potential to influence the host response. Its role in the progression of periodontitis needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bloch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiona F. Hager-Mair
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Bacher
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus B. Tomek
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Huang J, Hong X, Chen S, He Y, Xie L, Gao F, Zhu C, Jin X, Yan H, Ye Y, Shao M, Du X, Feng G. Biomimetic Metal-Organic Framework Gated Nanoplatform for Sonodynamic Therapy against Extensively Drug Resistant Bacterial Lung Infection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402473. [PMID: 38962911 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Novel antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed to treat extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections due to the high mortality rate and lack of effective therapeutic agents. Herein, nanoengineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), named PMZMU, are designed as a sonosensitizer for synergistic sonodynamic-nano-antimicrobial therapy against gram-negative XDR bacteria. PMZMU is composed of a bacterial targeting peptide (UBI29-41) modified hUC-MSCs membrane (MSCm), a sonosensitizer meso-tetra(4-car-boxyphenyl) porphine doped mesoporous organo-silica nanoparticle and an acidity-responsive metal-organic framework ZIF-8. This innovative formulation enables efficient loading of polymyxin B, reduces off-target drug release, increases circulation and targeting efficacy, and generates reactive oxygen species upon ultrasound irradiation. PMZMU exhibits remarkable in vitro inhibitory activity against four XDR bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Escherichia coli. Taking advantage of the bacterial targeting ability of UBI29-41 and the inflammatory chemotaxis of hUC-MSC, PMZMU can be precisely delivered to lung infection sites thereby augmenting polymyxin B concentration. PMZMU-mediated sonodynamic therapy significantly reduces bacterial burden, relieves inflammatory damage by promoting the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype, and improves survival rates without introducing adverse events. Overall, this study offers promising strategies for treating deep-tissue XDR bacterial infections, and guides the design and optimization of biomimetic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Xiuwen Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Sixi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Yucong He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Lixu Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Wen hua xi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fenglin Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Chenghua Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Haihao Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Yongxia Ye
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Mingyue Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Xingran Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
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Chang FC, James MM, Zhou Y, Ando Y, Zareie HM, Yang J, Zhang M. Human Neural Stem Cell Expansion in Natural Polymer Scaffolds Under Chemically Defined Condition. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400224. [PMID: 38963310 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance and expansion of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in 3D tissue scaffolds is a promising strategy in producing cost-effective hNSCs with quality and quantity applicable for clinical applications. A few biopolymers have been extensively used to fabricate 3D scaffolds, including hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginate, and chitosan, due to their bioactive nature and availability. However, these polymers are usually applied in combination with other biomolecules, leading to their responses difficult to ascribe to. Here, scaffolds made of chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, or collagen, are explored for hNSC expansion under xeno-free and chemically defined conditions and compared for hNSC multipotency maintenance. This study shows that the scaffolds made of pure chitosan support the highest adhesion and growth of hNSCs, yielding the most viable cells with NSC marker protein expression. In contrast, the presence of alginate, hyaluronic acid, or collagen induces differentiation toward immature neurons and astrocytes even in the maintenance medium and absence of differentiation factors. The cells in pure chitosan scaffolds preserve the level of transmembrane protein profile similar to that of standard culture. These findings point to the potential of using pure chitosan scaffolds as a base scaffolding material for hNSC expansion in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Chien Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthew Michael James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yoshiki Ando
- Materials Department, Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, Yasu, Shiga, 520-2362, Japan
| | - Hadi M Zareie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jihui Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Bhattacharjee A, Pereira B, Soares P, Popat KC. Titania (TiO 2) nanotube surfaces doped with zinc and strontium for improved cell compatibility. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12510-12522. [PMID: 38874593 PMCID: PMC11223589 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-based orthopedic implants are gaining popularity in recent years due to their excellent biocompatibility, superior corrosion resistance and lightweight properties. However, these implants often fail to perform effectively due to poor osseointegration. Nanosurface modification approaches may help to resolve this problem. In this work, TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays were fabricated on commercially available pure titanium (Ti) surfaces by anodization and annealing. Then, zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr), important for cell signaling, were doped on the NT surface by hydrothermal treatment. This very simple method of Zn and Sr doping takes less time and energy compared to other complicated techniques. Different surface characterization tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), static water contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation techniques were used to evaluate the modified surfaces. Then, adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured with the surfaces to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth on the surfaces. After that, the cells were differentiated towards osteogenic lineage to evaluate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin expression, and calcium phosphate mineralization. Results indicate that NT surfaces doped with Zn and Sr had significantly enhanced ADSC adhesion, proliferation, growth, and osteogenic differentiation compared to an unmodified surface, thus confirming the enhanced performance of these surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhattacharjee
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Fairfax, VA, USA.
- Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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139
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Shalaby AM, Hassan SMA, Abdelnour HM, Alnasser SM, Alorini M, Jaber FA, Alabiad MA, Abdullatif A, Elshaer MMA, Aziz SAMA, Abdelghany EMA. Ameliorative Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Prednisolone in a Rat Model of Lung Fibrosis: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:539-551. [PMID: 38758132 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown origin with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The encouraging findings from preclinical investigations utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) indicated that they could serve as a promising therapeutic alternative for managing chronic lung conditions, such as IPF. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) versus prednisolone, the standard anti-inflammatory medication, in rats with bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Four groups were created: a control group, a BLM group, a prednisolone-treated group, and a BM-MSCs-treated group. To induce lung fibrosis, 5 mg/kg of BLM was administered intratracheally. BLM significantly increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. The disturbed lung structure was also revealed by light and transmission electron microscopic studies. Upregulation in the immune expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta-1, and Bax was demonstrated. Interestingly, all findings significantly regressed on treatment with prednisolone and BM-MSCs. However, treatment with BM-MSCs showed better results than with prednisolone. In conclusion, BM-MSCs could be a promising approach for managing lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum 32511, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Aseer 61961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanim Magdy Abdelnour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519Egypt
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Yu B, Wang K, Hao H, Liu Y, Yue Y, Li X, Xing X, Zhang X. Small extracellular vesicles derived from microRNA-22-3p-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect retinal ganglion cells by regulating MAPK pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:807. [PMID: 38961177 PMCID: PMC11222527 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. Currently, no existing treatment is effective for the preservation of RGCs. MicroRNA-22-3p (miR22) and small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) have neuroprotective effects. In this study, we apply miR22-overexpressing MSC-sEVs in an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced RGC injury model to assess their short-term therapeutic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms. We find that mice in the miR22-sEVs-treated group have thicker retinas, fewer apoptotic cells, more reserved RGCs, better retinal function, and lower expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. MiR22-sEVs treatment promotes viability, inhibits apoptosis and inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression in RGC-5 cells. MiR22 targets mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 to inhibit apoptosis by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that miR22-sEVs ameliorate NMDA-induced RGC injury through the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis, providing a potential therapy for glaucoma and other diseases that involve RGC damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong, 256600, China
| | - Huijie Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yi Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoli Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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Lai Z, Shu Q, Song Y, Tang A, Tian J. Effect of DNA methylation on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: concise review. Front Genet 2024; 15:1429844. [PMID: 39015772 PMCID: PMC11250479 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1429844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promising potential for bone tissue engineering in bone healing and regeneration. They are regarded as such due to their capacity for self-renewal, multiple differentiation, and their ability to modulate the immune response. However, changes in the molecular pathways and transcription factors of MSCs in osteogenesis can lead to bone defects and metabolic bone diseases. DNA methylation is an epigenetic process that plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating gene expression. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), Ten-eleven translocation family proteins (TETs), and MSCs signaling pathways about osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. This review focuses on the progress of research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lu Y, Sun J, Wang L, Wang M, Wu Y, Getachew A, Matthews RC, Li H, Peng WG, Zhang J, Lu R, Zhou Y. ELM2-SANT Domain-Containing Scaffolding Protein 1 Regulates Differentiation and Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034816. [PMID: 38904247 PMCID: PMC11255699 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELMSAN1 (ELM2-SANT domain-containing scaffolding protein 1) is a newly identified scaffolding protein of the MiDAC (mitotic deacetylase complex), playing a pivotal role in early embryonic development. Studies on Elmsan1 knockout mice showed that its absence results in embryo lethality and heart malformation. However, the precise function of ELMSAN1 in heart development and formation remains elusive. To study its potential role in cardiac lineage, we employed human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model early cardiogenesis and investigated the function of ELMSAN1. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ELMSAN1-deficient hiPSCs through knockdown and knockout techniques. During cardiac differentiation, ELMSAN1 depletion inhibited pluripotency deactivation, decreased the expression of cardiac-specific markers, and reduced differentiation efficiency. The impaired expression of genes associated with contractile sarcomere structure, calcium handling, and ion channels was also noted in ELMSAN1-deficient cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs. Additionally, through a series of structural and functional assessments, we found that ELMSAN1-null hiPSC cardiomyocytes are immature, exhibiting incomplete sarcomere Z-line structure, decreased calcium handling, and impaired electrophysiological properties. Of note, we found that the cardiac-specific role of ELMSAN1 is likely associated with histone H3K27 acetylation level. The transcriptome analysis provided additional insights, indicating maturation reduction with the energy metabolism switch and restored cell proliferation in ELMSAN1 knockout cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we address the significance of the direct involvement of ELMSAN1 in the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC cardiomyocytes. We first report the impact of ELMSAN1 on multiple aspects of hiPSC cardiomyocyte generation, including cardiac differentiation, sarcomere formation, calcium handling, electrophysiological maturation, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐An Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Yalin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Rachel C. Matthews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - William Gao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Heersink School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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Yehya H, Raudins S, Padmanabhan R, Jensen J, Bukys MA. Addressing bioreactor hiPSC aggregate stability, maintenance and scaleup challenges using a design of experiment approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38956608 PMCID: PMC11218057 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-derived therapies hold the potential for treatment of regenerative clinical indications. Static culture has a limited ability to scale up thus restricting its use. Suspension culturing can be used to produce target cells in large quantities, but also presents challenges related to stress and aggregation stability. METHODS Utilizing a design of experiments (DoE) approach in vertical wheel bioreactors, we evaluated media additives that have versatile properties. The additives evaluated are Heparin sodium salt (HS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Pluronic F68 and dextran sulfate (DS). Multiple response variables were chosen to assess cell growth, pluripotency maintenance and aggregate stability in response to the additive inputs, and mathematical models were generated and tuned for maximal predictive power. RESULTS Expansion of iPSCs using 100 ml vertical wheel bioreactor assay for 4 days on 19 different media combinations resulted in models that can optimize pluripotency, stability, and expansion. The expansion optimization resulted in the combination of PA, PVA and PEG with E8. This mixture resulted in an expansion doubling time that was 40% shorter than that of E8 alone. Pluripotency optimizer highlighted the importance of adding 1% PEG to the E8 medium. Aggregate stability optimization that minimizes aggregate fusion in 3D culture indicated that the interaction of both Heparin and PEG can limit aggregation as well as increase the maintenance capacity and expansion of hiPSCs, suggesting that controlling fusion is a critical parameter for expansion and maintenance. Validation of optimized solution on two cell lines in bioreactors with decreased speed of 40 RPM, showed consistency and prolonged control over aggregates that have high frequency of pluripotency markers of OCT4 and SOX2 (> 90%). A doubling time of around 1-1.4 days was maintained after passaging as clumps in the optimized medium. Controlling aggregate fusion allowed for a decrease in bioreactor speed and therefore shear stress exerted on the cells in a large-scale expansion. CONCLUSION This study resulted in a control of aggregate size within suspension cultures, while informing about concomitant state control of the iPSC state. Wider application of this approach can address media optimization complexity and bioreactor scale-up challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Yehya
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
- Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Sofija Raudins
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | | | - Jan Jensen
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Michael A Bukys
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA.
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Yang Q, Chen Q, Li S, Luo J. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and pyroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the miRNA-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:146. [PMID: 38956716 PMCID: PMC11221100 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) stands as the primary cause of heart failure and mortality among patients with diabetes. Nevertheless, conventional treatment approaches are limited in their ability to effectively prevent myocardial tissue damage itself. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy exhibits immense potential for treating DCM; however, the precise mechanisms involved in regulating inflammatory responses and pyroptosis processes, an emerging form of cellular death, within myocardial cells remain elusive. Hence, it is imperative to further elucidate the precise underlying mechanisms to facilitate the clinical implementation of MSC therapy. METHODS In vivo, we established a DCM mouse model by administering streptozotocin and fed the mice a high-glucose and high-fat diet, followed by MSC therapy. Cardiac function and myocardial injury were evaluated through echocardiography and histological analysis. Furthermore, the levels of inflammation and pyroptosis were assessed using ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. In vitro experiments involved inducing H9C2 myocardial cell damage with high glucose treatment, followed by coculture with MSCs to investigate their role in modulating inflammation and pyroptosis mechanisms. RESULTS MSCs can maintain cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in mice with DCM. Moreover, they effectively suppress the activation of NLRP3 and reduce the release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β and ROS), thereby further downregulating the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins including NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. Additionally, we experimentally validated that MSCs exert their therapeutic effects by promoting the expression of miR-223-3p in cardiac myocytes; however, this effect can be reversed by an miR-223-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSION MSCs effectively mitigate the release of inflammatory factors and cell lysis caused by pyroptosis through the regulation of the miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway, thereby safeguarding cardiomyocytes against damage in DCM. This mechanism establishes a novel theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of cardiac conditions utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Sihui Li
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Goncharov EN, Koval OA, Nikolaevich Bezuglov E, Aleksandrovich Vetoshkin A, Gavriilovich Goncharov N, Encarnación Ramirez MDJ, Montemurro N. Conservative Treatment in Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: A Systematic Review. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 39051378 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a pressing orthopedic issue, leading to bone tissue death due to disrupted blood supply and affecting the quality of life of individuals significantly. This review focuses on conservative treatments, evaluating their efficacy as mainstay therapies. Enhanced understanding of AVN's pathophysiology and advancements in diagnostic tools have rekindled interest in non-surgical interventions, emphasizing personalized, multidisciplinary approaches for improved outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHOD A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases from January 2020 to August 2023, with the objective of focusing on conservative treatments for AVN of the femoral head. Eligible studies, including original research, case reports, and observational studies, were examined for relevant, well-documented patient outcomes post-conservative treatments, excluding non-English and surgically focused articles without comparative conservative data. RESULTS A systematic search yielded 376 records on AVN of the femoral head across multiple databases. After de-duplication and rigorous screening for relevance and quality, 11 full-text articles were ultimately included for a comprehensive qualitative synthesis, focusing on conservatively managing the condition. CONCLUSIONS This review evaluates the effectiveness of conservative treatments such as pharmacological interventions and physical modalities in managing AVN of the femoral head. Despite promising results in symptom alleviation and disease progression delay, variability in outcomes and methodological limitations in studies necessitate further rigorous, randomized controlled trials for a robust, patient-centric approach to optimize therapeutic outcomes in AVN management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduard Nikolaevich Bezuglov
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Yan J, Racaud-Sultan C, Pezier T, Edir A, Rolland C, Claverie C, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Olivier M, Velge P, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Vergnolle N, Wiedemann A. Intestinal organoids to model Salmonella infection and its impact on progenitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15160. [PMID: 38956132 PMCID: PMC11219929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to survive and replicate, Salmonella has evolved mechanisms to gain access to intestinal epithelial cells of the crypt. However, the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on stem cells and progenitors, which are responsible for the ability of the intestinal epithelium to renew and protect itself, remains unclear. Given that intestinal organoids growth is sustained by stem cells and progenitors activity, we have used this model to document the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection on epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and compared it to an in vivo model of Salmonella infection in mice. Among gut segments, the caecum was preferentially targeted by Salmonella. Analysis of infected crypts and organoids demonstrated increased length and size, respectively. mRNA transcription profiles of infected crypts and organoids pointed to upregulated EGFR-dependent signals, associated with a decrease in secretory cell lineage differentiation. To conclude, we show that organoids are suited to mimic the impact of Salmonella on stem cells and progenitors cells, carrying a great potential to drastically reduce the use of animals for scientific studies on that topic. In both models, the EGFR pathway, crucial to stem cells and progenitors proliferation and differentiation, is dysregulated by Salmonella, suggesting that repeated infections might have consequences on crypt integrity and further oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tiffany Pezier
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Claverie
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michel Olivier
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Sadeghsoltani F, Avci ÇB, Hassanpour P, Haiaty S, Rahmati M, Mota A, Rahbarghazi R, Nemati M, Mahdipour M, Talebi M, Takanlou LS, Takanlou MS, Mehdizadeh A. Autophagy modulation effect on homotypic transfer of intracellular components via tunneling nanotubes in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:189. [PMID: 38956646 PMCID: PMC11218273 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have proved the role of autophagy in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) function and regenerative properties. How and by which mechanism autophagy modulation can affect the juxtacrine interaction of MSCs should be addressed. Here, the role of autophagy was investigated in the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and homotypic mitochondrial donation. METHODS MSCs were incubated with 15 µM Metformin (Met) and/or 3 µM 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 48 h. The formation of TNTs was assessed using bright-field and SEM images. The mitochondria density and ΔΨ values were monitored using flow cytometry analysis. Using RT-PCR and protein array, the close interaction and shared mediators between autophagy, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling pathways were also monitored. The total fatty acid profile was assessed using gas chromatography. RESULT Data indicated the increase of TNT length and number, along with other cell projections after the induction of autophagy while these features were blunted in 3-MA-treated MSCs (p < 0.05). Western blotting revealed the significant reduction of Rab8 and p-FAK in 3-MA-treated MSCs (p < 0.05), indicating the inhibition of TNT assembly and vesicle transport. Likewise, the stimulation of autophagy increased autophagic flux and mitochondrial membrane integrity compared to 3-MA-treated MSCs. Despite these findings, protein levels of mitochondrial membrane Miro1 and 2 were unchanged after autophagy inhibition/stimulation (p > 0.05). We found that the inhibition/stimulation of autophagy can affect the protein, and transcription levels of several mediators related to Wnt and apoptosis signaling pathways involved in different cell bioactivities. Data confirmed the profound increase of mono and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio in MSCs exposed to autophagy stimulator. CONCLUSIONS In summary, autophagy modulation could affect TNT formation which is required for homotypic mitochondrial donation. Thus, the modulation of autophagy creates a promising perspective to increase the efficiency of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran
| | - Çığır Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Rahmati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Genetic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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148
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Zhang J, Zhao D, Zang Z, Ruan Z, Fu Q, Zhang K. miR-200a-3p-enriched MSC-derived extracellular vesicles reverse erectile function in diabetic rats by targeting Keap1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116964. [PMID: 38959607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through intracavernous injection is a potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). However, pulmonary embolism and tumorigenicity are fatal adverse events that limit the clinical application of MSCs. In this study, we examined the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). METHODS In this study, forty 8-week-old male SpragueDawley (SD) rats were utilised. In the control group, ten rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of PBS. STZ (60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the remaining rats to establish a diabetes mellitus (DM) model. Afterwards, the diabetic rats were divided into three groups at random: the DM group (intracavernosal injection of PBS), the EVs group (intracavernosal injection of MSC-EVs), and the EVs-200a group (intracavernosal injection of miR-200a-3p-enriched extracellular vesicles). Erectile function was determined by measuring intracavernous pressure in real time and utilising electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves. The smooth muscle content was evaluated through the investigation of penile tissue using immunofluorescence staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and western blotting after euthanasia. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels in the corpus cavernosum were measured via ELISA. In vitro, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress. The viability of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (ccSMCs) incubated with or without H2O2 was measured using a CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in ccSMCs. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the relationship between miR-200a-3p and Keap1. RESULTS Reversal of erectile function was observed in the EVs groups, especially in the EVs-200a group. DM increased the MDA level and decreased the SOD and GSH levels. In the DM group, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) was decreased, and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) was increased. Western blotting revealed decreased Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl2 expression and increased Keap1, Bax and cleaved caspase3 expression in the cavernous tissue. miR-200a-3p-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs-200a) reversed these changes and inhibited the loss of smooth muscle content and cavernous fibrosis. In vitro, H2O2 induced high ROS levels in ccSMCs and increased apoptosis, and these effects reversed by EVs-200a. H2O2 reduced Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl2 expression and increased Keap1, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and these effects were reversed by MSC-EVs, especially EVs-200a. The of dual-luciferase reporter assay results indicated that miR-200a-3p directly targeted Keap1 in a negative manner. CONCLUSION MSC-EVs, especially EVs-200a, alleviated erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats through the regulation of phenotypic switching, apoptosis and fibrosis. Mechanistically, miR-200a-3p targeted the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Danfeng Zhao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250199, China
| | - Zhenjie Zang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Urology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an 271099, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China; College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250199, China; Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China.
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149
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Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li YP. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38956429 PMCID: PMC11219878 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone formation and homeostasis and is regulated by two intricate processes: cell signal transduction and transcriptional gene expression. Various essential cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PTH, FGF, Ephrin, Notch, Hippo, and Piezo1/2, play a critical role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone homeostasis. Key transcriptional factors in this differentiation process include Runx2, Cbfβ, Runx1, Osterix, ATF4, SATB2, and TAZ/YAP. Furthermore, a diverse array of epigenetic factors also plays critical roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis at the transcriptional level. This review provides an overview of the latest developments and current comprehension concerning the pathways of cell signaling, regulation of hormones, and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of osteoblast lineage, as well as in bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis. The paper also reviews epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation via mechanisms, such as histone and DNA modifications. Additionally, we summarize the latest developments in osteoblast biology spurred by recent advancements in various modern technologies and bioinformatics. By synthesizing these insights into a comprehensive understanding of osteoblast differentiation, this review provides further clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, and bone formation, and highlights potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Alasdair Masson
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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150
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Ferrero R, Rainer PY, Rumpler M, Russeil J, Zachara M, Pezoldt J, van Mierlo G, Gardeux V, Saelens W, Alpern D, Favre L, Vionnet N, Mantziari S, Zingg T, Pitteloud N, Suter M, Matter M, Schlaudraff KU, Canto C, Deplancke B. A human omentum-specific mesothelial-like stromal population inhibits adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1566-1585.e9. [PMID: 38729152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plasticity is orchestrated by molecularly and functionally diverse cells within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Although several mouse and human adipose SVF cellular subpopulations have by now been identified, we still lack an understanding of the cellular and functional variability of adipose stem and progenitor cell (ASPC) populations across human fat depots. To address this, we performed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of >30 SVF/Lin- samples across four human adipose depots, revealing two ubiquitous human ASPC (hASPC) subpopulations with distinct proliferative and adipogenic properties but also depot- and BMI-dependent proportions. Furthermore, we identified an omental-specific, high IGFBP2-expressing stromal population that transitions between mesothelial and mesenchymal cell states and inhibits hASPC adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Our analyses highlight the molecular and cellular uniqueness of different adipose niches, while our discovery of an anti-adipogenic IGFBP2+ omental-specific population provides a new rationale for the biomedically relevant, limited adipogenic capacity of omental hASPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana Ferrero
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Yde Rainer
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Rumpler
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magda Zachara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Styliani Mantziari
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Zingg
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Michel Suter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Matter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | | | - Carles Canto
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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