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Jawitz NG, Raman V, Jawitz OK, Shimpi RA, Wood RK, Hartwig MG, D’Amico TA. Utilization Trends and Volume-outcomes Relationship of Endoscopic Resection for Early Stage Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e46-e52. [PMID: 33914478 PMCID: PMC8966412 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe utilization trends and center volume-outcomes relationship of ER of early stage esophageal cancer using a large hospitalbased registry. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA ER is increasingly accepted as the preferred treatment for early stage esophageal cancer, however its utilization and the center volume-outcomes relationship in the United States is unknown. METHODS The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer treated with ER or esophagectomy between 2004 and 2015. Relative frequencies were plotted over time. Restricted cubic splines and maximally selected rank statistics were used to identify an inflection point of center volume and survival. RESULTS A total of 1136 patients underwent ER and 2829 patients underwent esophagectomy during the study period. Overall utilization of ER, and relative use compared to esophagectomy, increased throughout the study period. Median annualized center ER volume was 1.9 cases per year (interquartile range 0.5-5.8). Multivariable Cox regression showed increasing annualized center volume by 1 case per year was associated with improved survival. Postoperative 30- or 90-day mortality, 30-day readmission, and pathologic T upstaging rates were similar irrespective of center volume. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of ER compared to esophagectomy for stage I esophageal cancer has increased over the past decade, though many individual centers perform fewer than 1 case annually. increasing annualized center volume by one procedure per year was associated with improved survival. increased volume beyond this was not associated with survival benefit. Referral to higher volume centers for treatment of superficial esophageal cancer should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G. Jawitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Vignesh Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Oliver K. Jawitz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Rahul A. Shimpi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Richard K. Wood
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew G. Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas A. D’Amico
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Guan X, Lan T, Wang Y, Cui Y, Duan J, Xu H. CircKRT14 upregulates E2F3 by interacting with miR-1256 to act as an oncogenic factor in esophageal cancer. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231155093. [PMID: 36738282 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231155093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have focused on the regulatory role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circRNA Keratin 14 (circKRT14) on the progression of esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS The levels of circKRT14, miR-1256 and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The circular structure of circKRT14 was confirmed by RNase R digestion assay. Cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by flow cytometry and transwell assay. The protein levels of related factors were determined by western blot. The relationship between miR-1256 and circKRT14 or E2F3 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of circKRT14 was studied by xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS CircKRT14 was significantly increased in EC tissues and cells. CircKRT14 silencing inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted EC cell apoptosis in vitro. CircKRT1 acted as a sponge for miR-1256 in EC, and in-miR-1256 abolished the inhibitory effect of circKRT14 suppression on EC cell progression. E2F3 was a target of miR-1256 and functioned as an oncogene in EC cells. MiR-1256 curbed EC progression by downregulating E2F3. CircKRT14 could affect E2F3 expression by targeting miR-1256. CircKRT14 regulated EC progression in vivo through miR-1256/E2F3 axis. CONCLUSIONS These results uncovered that circKRT14 up-regulated the expression of E2F3 and promoted the malignant development of EC through sponging miR-1256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhuo Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Tingzhu Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 604073The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Kogoe RML, Eklu KE, Alassani F, Simgban P, Bombone M, Sama B, Tchangai B, Bagny A, Napo-Koura G. Factors Associated With Esophagus Cancers in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231195238. [PMID: 37655069 PMCID: PMC10467178 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231195238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophagus cancer is cancer of poor prognosis, of often late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with esophagus cancers in the Togolese population. Methods It was a retrospective descriptive, cross-sectional study, on esophagus cancers histologically diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 31 years (1990-2021). Results We have collected 144 cases of esophagus cancer. The average age of patients was 57 ± 12 years, and the sex ratio was 2.34. The most applicant service was the service of Hepato Gastroenterology of CHU Campus (30.6%). Alcohol (57.6%), tobacco (45.8%) were the most present risk factors. Biopsies were the most addressed (97.2%). The average duration of symptom evolution was 6.42 months and the main symptom at the time of diagnosis was dysphagia (36.8%). The location of cancer was the lower third for 71.5% of cases. At histology, epidermoid carcinoma was the dominant type (90.3%). Male sex was statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma and female sex with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma (P < .001). Alcohol, smoking, and consumption of hot foods were statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma in this study (P < .05). Conclusion Esophagus cancer remains a serious condition for late diagnosis. These are mainly epidermoid carcinomas and having alcohol and tobacco as risk factors. The awareness of the population on the main risk factors would reduce the incidence of oesophagus cancers within the Togolese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Kodjo Eugene Eklu
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Fousseni Alassani
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mayi Bombone
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bagassam Sama
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Boyodi Tchangai
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Aklesso Bagny
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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104
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Tian X, Hou Y, Guo J, Wu H, Nie L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Lv Y. Effect of intensity modulated radiotherapy on lymphocytes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1096386. [PMID: 36959779 PMCID: PMC10028288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1096386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy usually leads to a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in patients with esophageal cancer. The factors that causing lymphopenia and the clinical significance of lymphopenia are studied in this article. Patients and methods 110 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had undergo intensity-modulated radiation therapy were enrolled. Statistical methods were used to analyze the correlation between lymphopenia and total survival in patients with esophageal cancer during radiotherapy, and analyze the correlations between nutritional factors and lymphopenia. Results There were 11 patients with the lowest lymphocyte value with level 1-2 during radiotherapy, accounting for 10% of all the patients, and 110 patients with level 3-4, accounting for 90% of all the patient. In all the enrolled patients, the incidence of lymphocyte nadir G1, G2, G3 and G4 MinALC during radiotherapy accounted for 0.91%, 9.09%, 62.73% and 27.27%, respectively.KM survival analysis showed that the overall survival of patients in the group (MinALC ≤ 0.41×109/L) was significantly lower than that of the patients in the other group (MinALC>0.43×109/L). Nutritional indicators were positively correlated with the decline degree of lymphocytes. The minimal value of lymphocyte can predict the occurrence of grade 3-4 radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion Lymphopenia induced by radiotherapy can predict survival and radiation pneumonitis. Nutritional factors such as hemoglobin and albumin were positively correlated with total lymphocytes numbers induced by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Nie
- Department of Pathology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Shandong, Heze, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Lv
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yajuan Lv,
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105
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Oncological outcomes of cervical esophageal cancer treated primarily with surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:373-390. [PMID: 35969248 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the oncological outcomes of cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) treated primarily with surgery. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 868 patients were included from 18 studies. Estimated pooled Overall Survival (OS) rates (95% Confidence Interval, CI) at 1 and 5 years were 74.4% (66.5-83.3), and 26.6% (20.3-34.7), respectively. Larynx non-preserving surgery (n = 229) showed an estimated pooled OS rates (95% CI) at 1 and 5 years of 59.3% (51.5-68.2) and 14.6% (8.8-24.3), respectively. On the other hand, larynx preserving surgery (n = 213) showed an estimated pooled OS rates (95% CI) at 1 and 5 years of 83.6% (78.2-89.4) and 35.1% (24.9-49.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Primary larynx-preserving surgery remains a valuable option for the management of CEC, with similar survival outcomes compared to primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT). On the other hand, larynx non-preserving surgery showed a significantly reduced survival, that may reflect the more advanced T classification of these tumors. Further studies are mandatory to directly compare primary surgery and primary CRT, distinguishing larynx preserving and non-preserving surgery.
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106
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Eyck BM, Jansen MP, Noordman BJ, Atmodimedjo PN, van der Wilk BJ, Martens JW, Helmijr JA, Beaufort CM, Mostert B, Doukas M, Wijnhoven BP, Lagarde SM, van Lanschot JJB, Dinjens WN. Detection of circulating tumour DNA after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer. J Pathol 2023; 259:35-45. [PMID: 36196486 PMCID: PMC10092085 DOI: 10.1002/path.6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance instead of standard surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been proposed for patients with oesophageal cancer. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be used to facilitate selection of patients for surgery. We show that detection of ctDNA after nCRT seems highly suggestive of major residual disease. Tumour biopsies and blood samples were taken before, and 6 and 12 weeks after, nCRT. Biopsies were analysed with regular targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was analysed using targeted NGS with unique molecular identifiers and digital polymerase chain reaction. cfDNA mutations matching pre-treatment biopsy mutations confirmed the presence of ctDNA. In total, 31 patients were included, of whom 24 had a biopsy mutation that was potentially detectable in cfDNA (77%). Pre-treatment ctDNA was detected in nine of 24 patients (38%), four of whom had incurable disease progression before surgery. Pre-treatment ctDNA detection had a sensitivity of 47% (95% CI 24-71) (8/17), specificity of 85% (95% CI 42-99) (6/7), positive predictive value (PPV) of 89% (95% CI 51-99) (8/9), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% (95% CI 17-67) (6/15) for detecting major residual disease (>10% residue in the resection specimen or progression before surgery). After nCRT, ctDNA was detected in three patients, two of whom had disease progression. Post-nCRT ctDNA detection had a sensitivity of 21% (95% CI 6-51) (3/14), specificity of 100% (95% CI 56-100) (7/7), PPV of 100% (95% CI 31-100) (3/3), and NPV of 39% (95% CI 18-64) (7/18) for detecting major residual disease. The addition of ctDNA to the current set of diagnostics did not lead to more patients being clinically identified with residual disease. These results indicate that pre-treatment and post-nCRT ctDNA detection may be useful in identifying patients at high risk of disease progression. The addition of ctDNA analysis to the current set of diagnostic modalities may not improve detection of residual disease after nCRT. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Eyck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Phm Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Jan Noordman
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peggy N Atmodimedjo
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berend J van der Wilk
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Wm Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean A Helmijr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corine M Beaufort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Mostert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pl Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Jan B van Lanschot
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winand Nm Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Martín-Aragón Baudel M, Hong J, Hell JW, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Mechanisms of Vascular Ca V1.2 Channel Regulation During Diabetic Hyperglycemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:41-58. [PMID: 36598607 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. A major underlying factor in diabetes is the excessive glucose levels in the bloodstream (e.g., hyperglycemia). Vascular complications directly result from this metabolic abnormality, leading to disabling and life-threatening conditions. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is a well-recognized factor mediating vascular complications during diabetic hyperglycemia. The function of vascular smooth muscle cells is exquisitely controlled by different ion channels. Among the ion channels, the L-type CaV1.2 channel plays a key role as it is the main Ca2+ entry pathway regulating vascular smooth muscle contractile state. The activity of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle is altered by diabetic hyperglycemia, which may contribute to vascular complications. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding of the regulation of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle by different signaling pathways. We place special attention on the regulation of CaV1.2 channel activity in vascular smooth muscle by a newly uncovered AKAP5/P2Y11/AC5/PKA/CaV1.2 axis that is engaged during diabetic hyperglycemia. We further describe the pathophysiological implications of activation of this axis as it relates to myogenic tone and vascular reactivity and propose that this complex may be targeted for developing therapies to treat diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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108
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Kundel Y, Kurman N, Sulimani O, Gavrielli S, Nachalon Y, Moore A, Kashtan H, Fenig E, Brenner B, Popovtzer A, Fredman E. The effect of gastric fundus radiation dose on postoperative anastomotic leakage in esophageal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080089. [PMID: 36925923 PMCID: PMC10011689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Standard-of-care treatment for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma (LAEC) includes neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. A potentially catastrophic surgical complication is the development of a postoperative anastomotic leak. To date, the association with radiation dose exposure had been inconclusive. We examined the correlation between radiation exposure to the gastric fundus and risk of postoperative leakage using contemporary radiation doses and fractionation. Methods A total of 69 consecutive patients with LAEC who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy in our tertiary center were prospectively followed (median, 27 months). Neoadjuvant regimen included 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin and 41.4 Gy in 23 fractions with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The gastric fundus was contoured and dosimetric and radiation technique parameters were retrospectively evaluated. Results Of the total number of patients, 71% and 29% had esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) tumors, respectively. Fourteen patients (20.3%) experienced anastomotic leaks within a median of 2 days postoperatively, 78.6% of whom had lower third esophagus or GEJ primaries. Mean and minimum fundus dose did not significantly differ between those with and those without leakage (p = 0.42, p = 0.51). Mean fundus V25, V30, and V35 doses were numerically but not statistically higher in those with anastomotic leak (p = 0.58, p = 0.39, and p = 0.30, respectively). No correlation with incidence of leakage was seen between 3D and IMRT treatment modalities. Conclusions In our comparatively large prospectively collected series of patients treated for LAEC, radiation dose to the gastric fundus during neoadjuvant combination therapy prior to surgery did not correlate with the risk of postoperative anastomotic leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kundel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Kurman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Omri Sulimani
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shlomo Gavrielli
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yuval Nachalon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Assaf Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kashtan
- Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eyal Fenig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisha Fredman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Galati JS, Duve RJ, O'Mara M, Gross SA. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A narrative review. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2022; 3:117-141. [DOI: 10.35712/aig.v3.i5.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a complex concept, broadly defined in medicine as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that require human intelligence. It has the capacity to revolutionize medicine by increasing efficiency, expediting data and image analysis and identifying patterns, trends and associations in large datasets. Within gastroenterology, recent research efforts have focused on using AI in esophagogastroduodenoscopy, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and colonoscopy to assist in diagnosis, disease monitoring, lesion detection and therapeutic intervention. The main objective of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research being performed within gastroenterology on AI in esophagogastroduodenoscopy, WCE and colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Galati
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Robert J Duve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Matthew O'Mara
- Division of Gastroenterology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Seth A Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Mahmoud DB, Schulz-Siegmund M. Utilizing 4D Printing to Design Smart Gastroretentive, Esophageal, and Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202631. [PMID: 36571721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The breakthrough of 3D printing in biomedical research has paved the way for the next evolutionary step referred to as four dimensional (4D) printing. This new concept utilizes the time as the fourth dimension in addition to the x, y, and z axes with the idea to change the configuration of a printed construct with time usually in response to an external stimulus. This can be attained through the incorporation of smart materials or through a preset smart design. The 4D printed constructs may be designed to exhibit expandability, flexibility, self-folding, self-repair or deformability. This review focuses on 4D printed devices for gastroretentive, esophageal, and intravesical delivery. The currently unmet needs and challenges for these application sites are tried to be defined and reported on published solution concepts involving 4D printing. In addition, other promising application sites that may similarly benefit from 4D printing approaches such as tracheal and intrauterine drug delivery are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, 12311, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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111
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Liu L, Bao GY, Zhang SS, Qin Y, Chen XP, Wang MD, Zhu JP, Yin H, Lin GQ, Feng CG, Zhang F, Guo YL. Analysis of the Amine Submetabolome Using Novel Isotope-Coded Pyrylium Salt Derivatization and LC-MS: Herbs and Cancer Tissues as Cases. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17606-17615. [PMID: 36473140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amine submetabolome, including amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines (BAs), is a class of small molecular compounds exhibiting important physiological activities. Here, a new pyrylium salt named 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate ([d0]-DMMIC) with stable isotope-labeled reagents ([d3]-/[d6]-DMMIC) was designed and synthesized for amino compounds. [d0]-/[d3]-/[d6]-DMMIC-derivatized had a charged tag and formed a set of molecular ions with an increase of 3.02 m/z and the characteristic fragment ions of m/z 204.1:207.1:210.1. When DMMIC coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a systematic methodology evaluation for quantitation proved to have good linearity (R2 between 0.9904 and 0.9998), precision (interday: 2.2-21.9%; intraday: 1.0-19.7%), and accuracy (recovery: 71.8-108.8%) through the test AAs. Finally, the methods based on DMMIC and LC-MS demonstrated the advantaged application by the nontargeted screening of BAs in a common medicinal herb Senecio scandens and an analysis of metabolic differences among the amine submetabolomes between the carcinoma and paracarcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 20 BA candidates were discovered in S. scandens as well as the finding of 13 amine metabolites might be the highest-potential differential metabolites in ESCC. The results showed the ability of DMMIC coupled with LC-MS to analyze the amine submetabolome in herbs and clinical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Yu Bao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dan Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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112
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Liu C, Ma Y, Qin Q, Wang P, Luo Y, Xu P, Cui Y. Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:3-11. [PMID: 36482832 PMCID: PMC9807450 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a familiar malignancy with high incidence and mortality, and the overall prognosis is poor. The numbers of cases of and deaths from esophageal cancer have risen rapidly in recent decades. It is one of the most malignant cancers, with more than 0.6 million new cases and 0.54 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Here, we present the global epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040 at different geographical levels of continents, regions and countries, and analyze them by gender, race, geographic region and human development index. We summarize the prospects for the esophageal cancer burden and risk factors in different areas, which will be useful for global esophageal cancer clinical therapy and cancer control planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Quan Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yun‐Lei Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pei‐Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peng‐Fei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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113
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Hosseini K, Beirami SM, Forouhandeh H, Vahed SZ, Eyvazi S, Ramazani F, Tarhriz V, Ardalan M. The role of circadian gene timeless in gastrointestinal cancers. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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114
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Haider SF, Ma S, Xia W, Wood KL, Matabele MM, Quinn PL, Merchant AM, Chokshi RJ. Racial disparities in minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastrectomy for upper GI malignancies. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:9355-9363. [PMID: 35411463 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are two important causes of upper GI malignancies. Literature has shown that minimally invasive esophagectomies (MIE) and gastrectomies (MIG), have shorter length of stay and fewer complications. However, limited literature exists about the association between race and access to MIE and MIG. This study aims to identify the racial disparities in the different approaches to esophagectomy and gastrectomy. We further evaluate the relationship between the race and postoperative complications. METHODS This IRB-approved retrospective study utilized data from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program. All recorded cases of MIE, MIG, open gastrectomy, and esophagectomy between 2012 and 2019 were isolated. Propensity score matching and univariate analysis was performed to assess the independent effect of black self-identified race on access and outcomes. p < 0.05 was required to achieve statistical significance. RESULTS 7891 cases of esophagectomy and 5,132 cases of gastrectomy cases were identified. Using Propensity and logistic regression, we identified that black self-reported race is an independent predictor of open approach to gastrectomy (OR 1.6871943, 95% CI 1.431464-1.989829, p < 0.001). Black self-reported race was not predictive of operative approach among esophagectomy patients (OR 0.7942576, 95% CI 0.5698645-1.124228, p = 0.183). In contrast, black self-reported is an independent predictor of postoperative complications among esophagectomy patients only. Esophagectomy patients of black self-reported race were more likely to experience any complication (OR 1.4373437, 95% CI 1.1129239-1.8557096, p = 0.00537), severe complications (OR 1.3818966, 95% CI 1.0653087-1.7888454, p = 0.0144), and death (OR 2.00779762, 95% CI 1.08034921-3.56117535, p = 0.0211) within 30 days of their surgeries. CONCLUSION Our analysis revealed a significant racial disparity in access to MIG and a higher incidence of post-operative complications amongst esophagectomy patients. Minimally invasive techniques are underutilized in racial minorities. The findings herein warrant further investigation to eliminate barriers and disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed F Haider
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, F122207103, USA.
| | - Sirui Ma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, F122207103, USA
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kasey L Wood
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mario M Matabele
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick L Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aziz M Merchant
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, F122207103, USA
| | - Ravi J Chokshi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, F122207103, USA
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Nag S, Mandal A, Joshi A, Jain N, Srivastava RS, Singh S, Khattri A. Sialyltransferases and Neuraminidases: Potential Targets for Cancer Treatment. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040114. [PMID: 36547200 PMCID: PMC9777960 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are the leading cause of death, causing around 10 million deaths annually by 2020. The most common cancers are those affecting the breast, lungs, colon, and rectum. However, it has been noted that cancer metastasis is more lethal than just cancer incidence and accounts for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Thus, early detection and prevention of cancer metastasis have the capability to save millions of lives. Finding novel biomarkers and targets for screening, determination of prognosis, targeted therapies, etc., are ways of doing so. In this review, we propose various sialyltransferases and neuraminidases as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of the most common cancers, along with a few rare ones, on the basis of existing experimental and in silico data. This compilation of available cancer studies aiming at sialyltransferases and neuraminidases will serve as a guide for scientists and researchers working on possible targets for various cancers and will also provide data about the existing drugs which inhibit the action of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagorika Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhimanyu Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aryaman Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravi Shanker Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Career Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow 226020, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arun Khattri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-70-6811-1755
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Destroying the Shield of Cancer Stem Cells: Natural Compounds as Promising Players in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236996. [PMID: 36498571 PMCID: PMC9737492 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a scenario where eco-sustainability and a reduction in chemotherapeutic drug waste are certainly a prerogative to safeguard the biosphere, the use of natural products (NPs) represents an alternative therapeutic approach to counteract cancer diseases. The presence of a heterogeneous cancer stem cell (CSC) population within a tumor bulk is related to disease recurrence and therapy resistance. For this reason, CSC targeting presents a promising strategy for hampering cancer recurrence. Increasing evidence shows that NPs can inhibit crucial signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of CSC stemness and sensitize CSCs to standard chemotherapeutic treatments. Moreover, their limited toxicity and low costs for large-scale production could accelerate the use of NPs in clinical settings. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant studies regarding the effects of NPs derived from major natural sources, e.g., food, botanical, and marine species, on CSCs, elucidating their use in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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117
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Dual-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy for esophageal cancer and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20152. [PMID: 36418422 PMCID: PMC9684531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a significant role in tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we used near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a next-generation cancer cell-targeted phototherapy, to establish CAF-targeted NIR-PIT. In this study, we investigated whether dual-targeted NIR-PIT, targeting cancer cells and CAFs, could be a therapeutic strategy. A total of 132 cases of esophageal cancer were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression using immunohistochemistry. Human esophageal cancer cells and CAFs were co-cultured and treated with single- or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vitro. These cells were co-inoculated into BALB/c-nu/nu mice and the tumors were treated with single-targeted NIR-PIT or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vivo. Survival analysis showed FAP- or EGFR-high patients had worse survival than patients with low expression of FAP or EGFR (log-rank, P < 0.001 and P = 0.074, respectively), while no difference was observed in HER2 status. In vitro, dual (EGFR/FAP)-targeted NIR-PIT induced specific therapeutic effects in cancer cells and CAFs along with suppressing tumor growth in vivo, whereas single-targeted NIR-PIT did not show any significance. Moreover, these experiments demonstrated that dual-targeted NIR-PIT could treat cancer cells and CAFs simultaneously with a single NIR light irradiation. We demonstrated the relationship between EGFR/FAP expression and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer and the stronger therapeutic effect of dual-targeted NIR-PIT than single-targeted NIR-PIT in experimental models. Thus, dual-targeted NIR-PIT might be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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118
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Hong MZ, Li JM, Chen ZJ, Lin XY, Pan JS, Gong LL. Global burden of major gastrointestinal cancers and its association with socioeconomics, 1990-2019. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942035. [PMID: 36387124 PMCID: PMC9664003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the impact of common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and help to formulate evidence-based policy, we evaluate the relationship between the burden of GI tract cancers and socioeconomics. METHODS Data on GI tract cancer burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 including mortality and incidence rates. According to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) level, country and territory, and sex, etc., the data were further stratified. The association between the burden of GI tract cancer and socioeconomics, indicated by SDI, was described. Uncertainty analysis was estimated using bootstrap draw. RESULTS In 2019, five major cancers of the gastrointestinal tract led to an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 61.9 (95% CI 56.1-67.6) per 100 000 person-years. From 1990 to 2019, five common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract related age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) decreased by -22.7% (-31.1 to -13.5). For the five common tumors, ASIRs and ASDRs were both higher in males than those in females. Globally, Mongolia, and several East Asia countries exhibited the highest ASIRs in 2019. The high SDI, and high-middle SDI locations recorded the highest incidence rate and death rate of colon and rectum cancer and pancreatic cancer. On the contrary, the low-middle SDI, and low SDI locations possessed the highest incidence rate and death rate of stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION There is a profound association between socioeconomics and burden of common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. It would be helpful for the high SDI, and high-middle SDI locations to pay special attention to the screening of colon and rectum cancer and pancreatic cancer while the low-middle SDI, and low SDI locations should pay more attention to the screening of stomach cancer and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhu Hong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Mao Li
- Department of Statistics, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Shui Pan
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Li Gong
- Department of Health Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Simitian GS, Hall DJ, Leverson G, Lushaj EB, Lewis EE, Musgrove KA, McCarthy DP, Maloney JD. Consequences of anastomotic leaks after minimally invasive esophagectomy: A single-center experience. Surg Open Sci 2022; 11:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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120
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Saadaat R, Abdul-Ghafar J, Hanifi AN, Khalid S, Khairy AL, Ibrahimkhil AS, Malakzai HA, Esmat E, Haidari M, Hussaini N, Nasir N, Noor S, Haidary AM. Risk factors associated with esophageal cancers, diagnosed at tertiary level in Afghanistan: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1112. [PMID: 36316690 PMCID: PMC9623968 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, esophageal cancer (EC) is a common cancer in term of incidence and mortality and is the 4th common cancer in Afghanistan. Current study aimed to evaluate the profile of risk factors for EC among patients diagnosed at tertiary level in Afghanistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2019 up to February 2021 including all esophageal cancers diagnosed at pathology department of French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Afghanistan. Result: 240 diagnosed cases were analyzed, in which 59.40% of squamous cell carcinoma and 41.07% Adenocarcinoma. Both histopathological type of were predominantly diagnosed in males. The majority of the patients were residents of rural areas. More than 80% of the patients were illiterate with only less than 2% completing higher education. Majority of the patients were laborers and farmers while less than 10% were employed. According to income assessment, more than 80% were from low-income household, the rest from middle-income and none from high-income family. Oral snuff consumption was noted in 33.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients and 40% adenocarcinoma patients whereas, family history of esophageal cancer was observed in 37.8% and 36.7% in both types of carcinomas, respectively. More than 60% of both types of carcinomas patients were hot tea drinkers. Conclusion: Current study demonstrated that most patients diagnosed with esophageal cancers were male, uneducated, belongs to low-income groups, lives in rural areas. These findings suggest distribution of esophageal cancer in specific socioeconomic groups, clearly demonstrating the need further analytical study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10228-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Saadaat
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmed Nasir Hanifi
- grid.490670.cCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | - Abdul Latif Khairy
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdul Sami Ibrahimkhil
- grid.490670.cCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Haider Ali Malakzai
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Esmatullah Esmat
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mujtaba Haidari
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Nasrin Hussaini
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Najla Nasir
- Gastro-enterology unit, Department of Medicine, Rabia Balkhi Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sarah Noor
- Department of Oncology, Ali Abad Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmed Maseh Haidary
- grid.512938.40000 0004 9128 0254Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
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Guo WH, Guo Q, Liu YL, Yan DD, Jin L, Zhang R, Yan J, Luo XH, Yang M. Mutated lncRNA increase the risk of type 2 diabetes by promoting β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:904. [PMID: 36302749 PMCID: PMC9613878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Islet β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the mechanism remains unclear. Here we identify a rs3819316 C > T mutation in lncRNA Reg1cp mainly expressed in islets associated with an increased risk of T2D. Analyses in 16,113 Chinese adults reveal that Mut-Reg1cp individuals had higher incidence of T2D and presented impaired insulin secretion as well as increased insulin resistance. Mice with islet β cell specific Mut-Reg1cp knock-in have more severe β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Mass spectrometry assay of proteins after RNA pulldown demonstrate that Mut-Reg1cp directly binds to polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), further immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, qPCR analysis and glucose stimulated insulin secretion test reveal that Mut-Reg1cp disrupts the stabilization of insulin mRNA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PTBP1 in β cells. Furthermore, islet derived exosomes transfer Mut-Reg1cp into peripheral tissue, which then promote insulin resistance by inhibiting AdipoR1 translation and adiponectin signaling. Our findings identify a novel mutation in lncRNA involved in the pathogenesis of T2D, and reveal a new mechanism for the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hui Guo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lin Liu
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Mi Yang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
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Gao RY, Gan RY, Huang JL, Liu TT, Wu BH, Wang LS, Li DF, Yao J. The influence of family support during endoscopic submucosal dissection on patient's anxiety. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992018. [PMID: 36388280 PMCID: PMC9643851 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological problems may promote peptic ulcers. Ulcer-like wounds can be formed after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The influence of family support on the healing of gastric ESD-induced ulcers remains largely undetermined. Objective In the present study, we aimed to assess the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores and the incidence of post-ESD complications in patients with family support in the care process and those in the non-relative group. Materials and methods A total of 191 patients aged between 30 and 70 years who received gastric ESD were evaluated with the Chinese version of HADS. Differences in depression and anxiety between the two groups were compared using the chi-square test and t-test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine whether anxiety and depression were the risk factors for post-ESD complications. Results The mean values of HADS-A (4.61 ± 2.89 vs. 5.56 ± 3.07, p = 0.042) and HADS-D (4.14 ± 3.03 vs. 4.97 ± 2.61, p = 0.048) scores were significantly lower in patients with accompanying relatives compared with those in the non-relative group. Besides, through the pre-ESD and post-ESD self-contrast, the scores of anxiety and depression in the relative-group were 0.57 and 0.56, respectively (p < 0.001), while those in the non-relative group were increased by 1.43 and 1.49, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that HADS-A, HADS-D scores, and age were significantly correlated with post-ESD abdominal pain (P < 0.05). Conclusions The occurrence and degree of adverse emotions such as psychological anxiety and depression in patients who received gastric ESD with accompanying relatives during hospitalization may were reduced, and the incidence of gastric post-ESD abdominal pain may was also decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ri-Yun Gan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Lan Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Hua Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Li-Sheng Wang
| | - De-Feng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,De-Feng Li
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Jun Yao
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Trisha AT, Shakil MH, Talukdar S, Rovina K, Huda N, Zzaman W. Tea Polyphenols and Their Preventive Measures against Cancer: Current Trends and Directions. Foods 2022; 11:3349. [PMID: 36359962 PMCID: PMC9658101 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is exerting an immense strain on the population and health systems all over the world. Green tea because of its higher simple catechin content (up to 30% on dry weight basis) is greatly popular as an anti-cancer agent which is found to reduce the risks of cancer as well as a range of other diseases. In addition, several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that green tea possesses copious health benefits like anti-diabetic, anti-obese, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, cardio-protective, etc. This review highlights the anti-carcinogenic effects of green tea catechins integrating the recent information to gain a clear concept. Special emphasis was given to the effectiveness of green tea polyphenols (GTP) in the prevention of cancer. Overall, green tea has been found to be effective to reduce the risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. However, sufficient information was not found to support that green tea consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, or stomach cancer. The exciting data integrated into this article will increase interest in future researchers to garner more fruitful information on the relevant topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuva Talukder Trisha
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mynul Hasan Shakil
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Talukdar
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kobun Rovina
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wahidu Zzaman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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Sabourin J, Beauvais A, Luo R, Montani D, Benitah JP, Masson B, Antigny F. The SOCE Machinery: An Unbalanced Knowledge between Left and Right Ventricular Pathophysiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203282. [PMID: 36291148 PMCID: PMC9600889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the most important prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left heart diseases. However, right ventricle (RV) remodeling is understudied and not targeted by specific therapies. This can be partly explained by the lack of basic knowledge of RV remodeling. Since the physiology and hemodynamic function of the RV differ from those of the left ventricle (LV), the mechanisms of LV dysfunction cannot be generalized to that of the RV, albeit a knowledge of these being helpful to understanding RV remodeling and dysfunction. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has recently emerged to participate in the LV cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and as a critical player in Ca2+ mishandling in a pathological context. In this paper, we highlight the current knowledge on the SOCE contribution to the LV and RV dysfunctions, as SOCE molecules are present in both compartments. he relative lack of studies on RV dysfunction indicates the necessity of further investigations, a significant challenge over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sabourin
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, 91400 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +(33)-180-006-302 (J.S.); +(33)-140-942-299 (F.A.)
| | - Antoine Beauvais
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 999, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rui Luo
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 999, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Bastien Masson
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 999, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 999, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +(33)-180-006-302 (J.S.); +(33)-140-942-299 (F.A.)
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Yago A, Ohkura Y, Ueno M, Fujisawa K, Ogawa Y, Shimoyama H, Haruta S, Udagawa H. Importance of long-term surveillance after curative esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6507829. [PMID: 35032162 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term outcomes after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer remain uncertain and the optimal surveillance strategy after curative surgery remains controversial. METHODS In this study, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients who underwent curative thoracic esophagectomy between 1991 and 2015 at Toranomon Hospital were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed until December 2020. We evaluated the accumulated data regarding the pattern and rates of recurrence and second malignancy. RESULTS A total of 1054 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Of these, 97% were followed up for 5 years, and the outcomes after 25 years could be determined in 65.5%. Recurrence was diagnosed in 318 patients (30.2%), and the most common pattern was lymph node metastasis (n = 168, 52.8%). Recurrence was diagnosed within 1 year in 174 patients (54.7%) and within 3 years in 289 (90.9%). Second malignancy possibly occurred through the entire study period after esophagectomy even in early-stage cancer, keeping 2%-5% of the incidental risk. There was no significant difference in the prognosis between 3-year survivors with and without a second malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Most recurrences after resection of esophageal cancer occurred within 3 years regardless of disease stage. However, these patients have an ongoing risk of developing a second malignancy after esophagectomy. Further consideration is required regarding the efficacy of long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Yago
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Yu Ohkura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Kentoku Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Hayato Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Shusuke Haruta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Harushi Udagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2, toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
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Vascular Ca V1.2 channels in diabetes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:65-93. [PMID: 36368875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vasculopathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. Hyperglycemia, one of the central metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, has been associated with vascular dysfunction due to endothelial cell damage. However, studies also point toward vascular smooth muscle as a locus for hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. Emerging evidence implicates hyperglycemia-induced regulation of vascular L-type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 as a potential mechanism for vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of vascular CaV1.2 channels and their regulation during physiological and hyperglycemia/diabetes conditions. We will emphasize the role of CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle, the effects of elevated glucose on CaV1.2 function, and the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conclude by examining future directions and gaps in knowledge regarding CaV1.2 regulation in health and during diabetes.
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127
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Rajput N, Gholap D, Mhatre S, Dikshit R. Epidemiological Review: Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWorldwide the incidence of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. ESCC is one of the leading types of cancer in the North and Northeast regions of India among both genders. Risk factors of ESCC include tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, hot beverages, low fruit diet, poor oral hygiene, unpiped water, and human papillomavirus infection. This review tries to elaborate on various modifiable risk factors for ESCC, which have been studied worldwide and need to be studied in India. PubMed was used as a search platform using keywords, such as “esophagus cancer,” “esophagus squamous cell carcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “India,” “incidence,” “mortality,” “risk factors,” “treatment,” “survival,” “prevention” and their corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms, were used in combination with Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” Studies from India are mostly hospital-based case-control studies from the North region. Further research is required in India to understand the etiology, to design large-scale screening and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Rajput
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devyani Gholap
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu Mhatre
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Perez Holguin RA, Olecki EJ, Stahl KA, Wong WG, Vining CC, Dixon MEB, Peng JS. Management of Clinical T2N0 Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: What Is the Optimal Treatment? J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:2050-2060. [PMID: 36042124 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard of care for locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma includes neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. The optimal treatment for clinical T2N0M0 (cT2N0) disease is debated. This study aims to determine the optimal treatment in these patients. METHODS The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients who underwent surgery for cT2N0 esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinoma from 2004 to 2017. Patients were grouped into surgery-alone, neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and adjuvant therapy (AT) groups. Subgroups of high-risk patients (tumor ≥ 3 cm, poor differentiation, or lymphovascular invasion) and patients upstaged after upfront surgery were identified. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to compare overall survival. RESULTS Of 2160 patients included, 957 (44.3%) underwent surgery-alone, 821 (38.0%) underwent NAT and surgery, and 382 (17.7%) underwent surgery and AT. One thousand six hundred nineteen (75.0%) patients had high-risk features. Six hundred fourteen (45.9%) patients were upstaged after upfront surgery. In the overall cohort, AT was associated with improved survival compared to NAT (HR 0.618, p < 0.001) and surgery-alone (HR 0.699, p < 0.001). There was no difference in survival between NAT and surgery-alone (HR 1.132, p = 0.112). Similar results were observed in high-risk patients. Patients upstaged after upfront surgery who received AT had improved survival compared to those initially treated with NAT (HR 0.613, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that cT2N0 esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinomas may not benefit from the intensive multimodality therapy utilized in locally advanced disease. Selective use of AT for patients who are upstaged pathologically, or have high-risk features, is associated with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolfy A Perez Holguin
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Olecki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelly A Stahl
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William G Wong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Charles C Vining
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, H07017033, USA
| | - Matthew E B Dixon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, H07017033, USA
| | - June S Peng
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, H07017033, USA.
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Kwon M, Rubio G, Wang H, Riedlinger G, Adem A, Zhong H, Slegowski D, Post-Zwicker L, Chidananda A, Schrump DS, Pine SR, Libutti SK. Smoking-associated Downregulation of FILIP1L Enhances Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression Through Mucin Production, Inflammation, and Fibrosis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1197-1213. [PMID: 36860703 PMCID: PMC9973389 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major subtype in lung cancer, and cigarette smoking is essentially linked to its pathogenesis. We show that downregulation of Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) is a driver of LUAD progression. Cigarette smoking causes its downregulation by promoter methylation in LUAD. Loss of FILIP1L increases xenograft growth, and, in lung-specific knockout mice, induces lung adenoma formation and mucin secretion. In syngeneic allograft tumors, reduction of FILIP1L and subsequent increase in its binding partner, prefoldin 1 (PFDN1) increases mucin secretion, proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, from the RNA-sequencing analysis of these tumors, reduction of FILIP1L is associated with upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which has been implicated in proliferation of cancer cells as well as inflammation and fibrosis within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these findings suggest that down-regulation of FILIP1L is clinically relevant in LUAD, and warrant further efforts to evaluate pharmacologic regimens that either directly or indirectly restore FILIP1L-mediated gene regulation for the treatment of these neoplasms. Significance This study identifies FILIP1L as a tumor suppressor in LUADs and demonstrates that downregulation of FILIP1L is a clinically relevant event in the pathogenesis and clinical course of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Genesaret Rubio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory Riedlinger
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Asha Adem
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hua Zhong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel Slegowski
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | - David S. Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon R. Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Bai J, Wang H, Yang S, Lu J, Li C, Sun Y, Huo T, Deng J, Zhang Q. Dust fall PM 2.5-induced lung inflammation in rats is associated with hypermethylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter via the PI3K-Akt-DNMT3b pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103942. [PMID: 35933082 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the lung system; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. Rats were exposed to different concentrations of PM2.5 to investigate the mechanism of short-term exposure-induced lung inflammation. The regulation of PI3K-Akt and DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was assessed by using a PI3K inhibitor and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. We found that PM2.5 could decrease interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and increase interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to promote eosinophil infiltration and eventually lead to allergic pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the CpG island methylation rate of the IFN-γ promoter and the protein expression of DNMT3b, PI3K and p-Akt were increased in lung tissues after PM2.5 exposure. Both inhibitors reversed the CpG island hypermethylation of IFN-γ. In conclusion, in PM2.5-induced lung injury, the activated PI3K-Akt pathway, via an increase in DNMT3b expression, is involved in CpG hypermethylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ji Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- School of Environmental and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Harrison PJ, Husain SM, Lee H, Los Angeles AD, Colbourne L, Mould A, Hall NAL, Haerty W, Tunbridge EM. CACNA1C (Ca V1.2) and other L-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders: Advances from functional genomics and pharmacoepidemiology. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109262. [PMID: 36154842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A role for voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in psychiatric disorders has long been postulated as part of a broader involvement of intracellular calcium signalling. However, the data were inconclusive and hard to interpret. We review three areas of research that have markedly advanced the field. First, there is now robust genomic evidence that common variants in VGCC subunit genes, notably CACNA1C which encodes the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) CaV1.2 subunit, are trans-diagnostically associated with psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Rare variants in these genes also contribute to the risk. Second, pharmacoepidemiological evidence supports the possibility that calcium channel blockers, which target LTCCs, might have beneficial effects on the onset or course of these disorders. This is especially true for calcium channel blockers that are brain penetrant. Third, long-range sequencing is revealing the repertoire of full-length LTCC transcript isoforms. Many novel and abundant CACNA1C isoforms have been identified in human and mouse brain, including some which are enriched compared to heart or aorta, and predicted to encode channels with differing functional and pharmacological properties. These isoforms may contribute to the molecular mechanisms of genetic association to psychiatric disorders. They may also enable development of therapeutic agents that can preferentially target brain LTCC isoforms and be of potential value for psychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Syed M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Hami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | | | - Lucy Colbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Arne Mould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Nicola A L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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Sridharan S, Day F, Loh J, Lynam J, Smart J, Holt B, Mandaliya H, Bonaventura A, Kumar M, Martin J. Phase I trial of hypofractionated chemoradiotherapy in the palliative management of esophageal and gastro-esophageal cancer. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:158. [PMID: 36104707 PMCID: PMC9472395 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with incurable esophageal cancer (ECa) present with dysphagia as their predominant symptom. Currently there is no consensus on how best to initially manage this scenario with multiple therapeutic options available. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of using hypofractionated radiotherapy given over a progressively shorter timeframe with concurrent carboplatin and paclitaxel in the management of patients with ECa and dysphagia. Methods In this phase I trial we enrolled patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or the gastro-esophageal junction with symptomatic dysphagia from local disease and not for curative treatment. Patients needed to be 18 years or older, have an ECOG performance status of 0–2 and be suitable to receive carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. Patients were placed in four progressively shorter radiation schedules culminating in 30 Gy in 10 fractions in a step wise manner, all with concurrent carboplatin AUC 2 and paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 chemotherapy delivered weekly with the radiation therapy. The primary endpoint was the development of the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) esophageal perforation or febrile neutropenia. Secondary endpoints were relief of dysphagia, time to improvement of dysphagia, dysphagia progression free survival and overall survival. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study between October 2014 and March 2019. There were no DLTs experienced during the trial. The most common grade 3 + acute toxicity experienced by patients were nausea and vomiting (both in 4/18 patients). The most common radiation specific acute toxicity experienced was esophagitis with 67% of patients experiencing grade 1–2 symptoms. All patients experienced improvement in dysphagia. The median time to dysphagia improvement was 3 weeks from the start of chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) (range 2–10 weeks). The median dysphagia free survival was 5.8 months with a median overall survival of 8.9 months. Conclusion Hypofractionated palliative CTRT with 30 Gy/10# of radiation therapy with concurrent weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy is well tolerated and provides a good response in improvement of dysphagia. Further studies need to be undertaken which provide both symptomatic improvement in the primary tumor but also control of the metastatic burden in these patients. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial was prospectively registered with www.anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12614000821695.
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133
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Zhang CY. REG4 promotes the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1012193. [PMID: 36172286 PMCID: PMC9511136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1012193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived 4 (REG4) gene was discovered by high-throughput sequencing of ulcerative colitis cDNA libraries. REG4 is involved in infection and inflammation by enhancing macrophage polarization to M2, via activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Akt/cAMP-responsive element binding and the killing inflammatory Escherichia coli, and closely linked to tumorigenesis. Its expression was transcriptionally activated by caudal type homeobox 2, GATA binding protein 6, GLI family zinc finger 1, SRY-box transcription factor 9, CD44 intracytoplasmic domain, activating transcription factor 2, and specificity protein 1, and translationally activated by miR-24. REG4 can interact with transmembrane CD44, G protein-coupled receptor 37, mannan and heparin on cancer cells. Its overexpression was observed in gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, ovarian and urothelial cancers, and is closely linked to their aggressive behaviors and a poor prognosis. Additionally, REG4 expression and recombinant REG4 aggravated such cellular phenotypes as tumorigenesis, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, chemoradioresistance, migration, invasion, peritoneal dissemination, tumor growth, and cancer stemness via EGFR/Akt/activator protein-1 and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase three β/β-catenin/transcription factor 4 pathways. Sorted REG4-positive deep crypt secretory cells promote organoid formation of single Lgr5 (+) colon stem cells by Notch inhibition and Wnt activation. Histologically, REG4 protein is specifically expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and signet ring cell carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, ovary, and lung. It might support the histogenesis of gastric intestinal–metaplasia–globoid dysplasia–signet ring cell carcinoma. In this review, we summarized the structure, biological functions, and effects of REG4 on inflammation and cancer. We conclude that REG4 may be employed as a biomarker of tumorigenesis, subsequent progression and poor prognosis of cancer, and may be a useful target for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Chuan Zheng,
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Uche-Anya E, Anyane-Yeboa A, Berzin TM, Ghassemi M, May FP. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology: how to advance clinical practice while ensuring health equity. Gut 2022; 71:1909-1915. [PMID: 35688612 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems are increasingly used in medicine to improve clinical decision-making and healthcare delivery. In gastroenterology and hepatology, studies have explored a myriad of opportunities for AI/ML applications which are already making the transition to bedside. Despite these advances, there is a risk that biases and health inequities can be introduced or exacerbated by these technologies. If unrecognised, these technologies could generate or worsen systematic racial, ethnic and sex disparities when deployed on a large scale. There are several mechanisms through which AI/ML could contribute to health inequities in gastroenterology and hepatology, including diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver transplantation, colorectal cancer screening and many others. This review adapts a framework for ethical AI/ML development and application to gastroenterology and hepatology such that clinical practice is advanced while minimising bias and optimising health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Uche-Anya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler M Berzin
- Center for Advanced Endoscopy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marzyeh Ghassemi
- Institute for Medical and Evaluative Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Akinlalu AO, Njoku PC, Nzekwe CV, Oni RO, Fojude T, Faniyi AJ, Olagunju AS. Recent developments in the significant effect of mRNA modification (M6A) in glioblastoma and esophageal cancer. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kitashiro S, Kuno I, Sugano T, Yamano Y, Shigeoka Y, Inaba M. Urethral metastasis from esophageal cancer: symptoms of dysuria and cystoscopic diagnosis. Oxf Med Case Reports 2022; 2022:omac099. [PMID: 36176944 PMCID: PMC9514107 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral malignant tumors are rare and can lead to stenosis, causing dysuria. We report a case of urethral metastasis secondary to esophageal cancer. At the time of diagnosis, a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma presented with voiding difficulties, feeble stream, terminal dribbling and incomplete voiding. The urethral tumor was diagnosed using cystoscopy, and biopsy was thereafter performed. Histopathology of the urethral tumor microscopically resembled to that of esophageal cancer. On immunohistochemistry, the urothelium markers uroplakin 2 and GATA3 were negative in the carcinomatous component; however, GATA3 was detected on the lesion’s surface. This case demonstrated that esophageal cancer metastasized to the urethra. Medical oncologists should consider this diagnosis in patients with cancer presenting with dysuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Kitashiro
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Medical Oncology, , Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kuno
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Medical Oncology, , Osaka, Japan
| | - Tenyu Sugano
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Diagnostic Pathology, , Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Yamano
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Urology, , Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeoka
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Medical Oncology, , Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Inaba
- Yodogawa Christian Hospital Department of Diagnostic Pathology, , Osaka, Japan
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Banerjee A, Singh LP, Ikuse T. Editorial: Cancer of gastrointestinal tract: Novel insight into the molecular mechanisms related to inflammation and therapeutic targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970491. [PMID: 36110540 PMCID: PMC9468969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Aditi Banerjee,
| | | | - Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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138
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Hung PC, Chen HY, Tu YK, Kao YS. A Comparison of Different Types of Esophageal Reconstructions: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175025. [PMID: 36078955 PMCID: PMC9457433 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A total esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction is the mainstream procedure for esophageal cancer. Colon interposition and free jejunal flap for esophageal reconstruction are the alternative choices when the gastric tube is not available. However, to date, a solution for the high anastomosis leakage rates among these three types of conduits has not been reported. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to investigate the rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) among the three procedures to determine the best esophageal substitute or the future direction for improving the conventional gastric pull-up (GPU). Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. We included esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy and excluded patients with other cancer. The random effect model was used in this network meta-analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the quality assessment of studies in the network meta-analysis, and funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. The primary outcome is anastomosis leakage; the secondary outcomes are stricture formation, length of hospital stays, and mortality rate. Results: Nine studies involving 1613 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. The trend results indicated the following. Regarding anastomosis leakage, free jejunal flap was the better procedure; regarding stricture formation, colon interposition was the better procedure; regarding mortality rate, free jejunal flap was the better procedure; regarding length of hospital stay, gastric pull-up was the better treatment. Discussion: Overall, if technically accessible, free jejunal flap is a better choice than colon interposition when gastric conduit cannot be used, but further study should be conducted to compare groups with equal supercharged patients. In addition, jejunal flap (JF) cannot replace traditional gastric pull-up (GPU) due to technical complexities, more anastomotic sites, and longer operation times. However, the GPU method with the supercharged procedure would be a possible solution to lower postoperative AL. The limitation of this meta-analysis is that the number of articles included was low; we aim to update the result when new data are available. Funding: None. Registration: N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Chieh Hung
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuo Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Fiesco-Roa MÓ, García-de Teresa B, Leal-Anaya P, van ‘t Hek R, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Frías S, Rodríguez A. Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders: Two inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with genomic instability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949435. [PMID: 36091172 PMCID: PMC9453478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic diseases. To date, at least 13 IBMFS have been characterized. Their pathophysiology is associated with germline pathogenic variants in genes that affect hematopoiesis. A couple of these diseases also have genomic instability, Fanconi anemia due to DNA damage repair deficiency and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders as a result of an alteration in telomere maintenance. Patients can have extramedullary manifestations, including cancer and functional or structural physical abnormalities. Furthermore, the phenotypic spectrum varies from cryptic features to patients with significantly evident manifestations. These diseases require a high index of suspicion and should be considered in any patient with abnormal hematopoiesis, even if extramedullary manifestations are not evident. This review describes the disrupted cellular processes that lead to the affected maintenance of the genome structure, contrasting the dysmorphological and oncological phenotypes of Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders. Through a dysmorphological analysis, we describe the phenotypic features that allow to make the differential diagnosis and the early identification of patients, even before the onset of hematological or oncological manifestations. From the oncological perspective, we analyzed the spectrum and risks of cancers in patients and carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Ó. Fiesco-Roa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Leal-Anaya
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Renée van ‘t Hek
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autoínoma de Meíxico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara Frías
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
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Transcriptome profiling of blood from common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico to enhance health assessment capabilities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272345. [PMID: 36001538 PMCID: PMC9401185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster and subsequent unusual mortality event, adverse health impacts have been reported in bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, LA including impaired stress response and reproductive, pulmonary, cardiac, and immune function. These conditions were primarily diagnosed through hands-on veterinary examinations and analysis of standard diagnostic panels. In human and veterinary medicine, gene expression profiling has been used to identify molecular mechanisms underlying toxic responses and disease states. Identification of molecular markers of exposure or disease may enable earlier detection of health effects or allow for health evaluation when the use of specialized methodologies is not feasible. To date this powerful tool has not been applied to augment the veterinary data collected concurrently during dolphin health assessments. This study examined transcriptomic profiles of blood from 76 dolphins sampled in health assessments during 2013–2018 in the waters near Barataria Bay, LA and Sarasota Bay, FL. Gene expression was analyzed in conjunction with the substantial suite of health data collected using principal component analysis, differential expression testing, over-representation analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Broadly, transcript profiles of Barataria Bay dolphins indicated a shift in immune response, cytoskeletal alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction, most pronounced in dolphins likely exposed to Deepwater Horizon oiling. While gene expression profiles in Barataria Bay dolphins were altered compared to Sarasota Bay for all years, profiles from 2013 exhibited the greatest alteration in gene expression. Differentially expressed transcripts included genes involved in immunity, inflammation, reproductive failure, and lung or cardiac dysfunction, all of which have been documented in dolphins from Barataria Bay following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The genes and pathways identified in this study may, with additional research and validation, prove useful as molecular markers of exposure or disease to assist wildlife veterinarians in evaluating the health of dolphins and other cetaceans.
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141
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Li R, Sun J, Wang T, Huang L, Wang S, Sun P, Yu C. Comparison of Secular Trends in Esophageal Cancer Mortality in China and Japan during 1990-2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610302. [PMID: 36011937 PMCID: PMC9408772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a prevalent and often fatal malignancy all over the world, with China and Japan bearing a disproportionately high burden. Consequently, we explored and compared the long-term changes in esophageal cancer mortality in China and Japan from 1990 to 2019 to see if there were any etiological clues. From 1990 to 2019, data on mortality in China and Japan were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to evaluate the effects of age, period, and cohort. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for esophageal cancer fell in both nations, with China showing a tremendous reduction after 2005. The overall net drifts per year were more impressive in China (-5.22% [95% CI, -5.77 to -4.68] for females, -1.98% [-2.22 to -1.74] for males) than in Japan (-0.50% [-0.91 to -0.08] for females, -1.86% [-2.12 to -1.59] for males), and the local drift values in both countries were less than zero in all age groups for both sexes. The longitudinal age curves of esophageal cancer mortality increased as age advances and the sex disparity gradually exacerbates with age. The period and cohort effects were uncovered to have similar declining patterns for both sexes in both nations; however, the improvement of cohort effects for China's younger generation has stagnated. The ASMRs, period effects, and cohort effects have decreased for both countries and sexes over the 1990-2019 period. The decline in cohort effects for China's younger generation has plateaued, possibly due to the rising rates of smoking and obesity among Chinese youngsters. Comprehensive population-level treatments aimed at smoking cessation, obesity prevention, and gastrointestinal endoscopy screening should be carried out immediately, particularly for men and older birth cohorts at a higher risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Panglin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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Szakó L, Németh D, Farkas N, Kiss S, Dömötör RZ, Engh MA, Hegyi P, Eross B, Papp A. Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on esophagectomies in esophageal cancer: The superiority of minimally invasive surgery. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4201-4210. [PMID: 36157121 PMCID: PMC9403425 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses, with many limitations, have described the beneficial nature of minimal invasive procedures.
AIM To compare all modalities of esophagectomies to each other from the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a network meta-analysis (NMA).
METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) and CENTRAL databases to identify RCTs according to the following population, intervention, control, outcome (commonly known as PICO): P: Patients with resectable esophageal cancer; I/C: Transthoracic, transhiatal, minimally invasive (thoracolaparoscopic), hybrid, and robot-assisted esophagectomy; O: Survival, total adverse events, adverse events in subgroups, length of hospital stay, and blood loss. We used the Bayesian approach and the random effects model. We presented the geometry of the network, results with probabilistic statements, estimated intervention effects and their 95% confidence interval (CI), and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve to rank the interventions.
RESULTS We included 11 studies in our analysis. We found a significant difference in postoperative pulmonary infection, which favored the minimally invasive intervention compared to transthoracic surgery (risk ratio 0.49; 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.99). The operation time was significantly shorter for the transhiatal approach compared to transthoracic surgery (mean difference -85 min; 95%CI: -150 to -29), hybrid intervention (mean difference -98 min; 95%CI: -190 to -9.4), minimally invasive technique (mean difference -130 min; 95%CI: -210 to -50), and robot-assisted esophagectomy (mean difference -150 min; 95%CI: -240 to -53). Other comparisons did not yield significant differences.
CONCLUSION Based on our results, the implication of minimally invasive esophagectomy should be favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Szakó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Dávid Németh
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kiss
- Insittute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Medical School, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Réka Zsuzsa Dömötör
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Marie Anne Engh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Medical School, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | - Balint Eross
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs 7624, Hungary
| | - András Papp
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
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Takasawa S, Tsuchida C, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Uchiyama T, Makino M, Yamauchi A, Itaya-Hironaka A. Upregulation of REG IV gene in human intestinal epithelial cells by lipopolysaccharide via downregulation of microRNA-24. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4710-4720. [PMID: 35946046 PMCID: PMC9443949 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) reflects a balance between mucosal injury and reparative mechanisms. Some regenerating gene (Reg) family members (REG Iα, REG Iβ and REG IV) are expressed in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and involved as proliferative mucosal factors in IBD. We revealed that REG Iα and REG Iβ were induced in cell culture system by IL‐6/IL‐22. Although REG IV was upregulated in IBD biopsy samples, the upregulation of REG IV was not at all induced in cell culture by autoimmune‐related cytokines such as IL‐6, IL‐22 and TNFα. Here, we analysed REG IV expression in LS‐174 T and HT‐29 human intestinal epithelial cells by real‐time RT–PCR and elisa. REG IV expression was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, LPS did not activate REG IV promoter activity. As the LPS‐induced upregulation of REG IV was considered to be regulated post‐transcriptionally, we searched targeted microRNA (miR), which revealed that REG IV mRNA has a potential target sequence for miR‐24. We measured the miR‐24 level of LPS‐treated cells and found that the level was significantly lower. The LPS‐induced increase of REG IV mRNA was abolished by the introduction of miR‐24 mimic but not by non‐specific control RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Mai Makino
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Wang Y, Wang G, Liu X, Yun D, Cui Q, Wu X, Lu W, Yang X, Zhang M. Inhibition of APLN suppresses cell proliferation and migration and promotes cell apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells <em>in vitro</em>, through activating PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35920446 PMCID: PMC9422863 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer mortalities globally with a high incidence rate. Apelin (APLN) plays regulatory roles in different organs. However, its role in esophageal cancer remains unknown. Therefore, our study aims to explore the effect of APLN on esophageal cancer. One hundred and eighty-four (184) esophageal tumor tissues samples from patients with esophageal cancer, and 11 esophageal tissues samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed for the expression of APLN. APLN was highly expressed in the tumor of patients with esophageal cancer and esophageal cancer cells. Patients with high expressions of APLN had a lower survival rate than the ones with low to medium expressions of APLN. Human esophageal carcinoma cell lines, TE-1 and ECA-109 cells were transfected with APLN siRNA to knockdown APLN, or transfected with pcDNA-APLN to overexpress APLN. Inhibition of APLN by siRNA-APLN reduced proliferative, migrative, and invasive abilities of esophageal cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis, which could be all restored by pcDNA-APLN. Moreover, knocking down APLN by siRNA-APLN suppressed the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings identify that APLN inhibition might ameliorate esophageal cancer through activating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, thus APLN could be a potential target for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
| | - Gang Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Puai District of Huangshi Central Hospital. Wuhan.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Puai District of Huangshi Central Hospital, Wuhan.
| | - Dong Yun
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Shanghai Literature Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
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145
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Holguin RAP, Wong WG, Shen C, Go PH, Reed MF, Taylor MD. Esophagectomy vs Gastrectomy for Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: What is the Optimal Oncologic Surgical Treatment? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:807-819. [PMID: 35926763 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines for the management of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma recommend esophagectomy as the preferred surgical treatment. Gastrectomy has been proposed as an equivalent procedure. This study aims to compare the oncologic outcomes of these operations. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with clinical T1N0M0 (all sizes) and T2N0M0 (≤2cm) GEJ adenocarcinoma from 2004-2017. Patients treated with surgery-only were included and were stratified by surgical treatment. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to create a balanced cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate for factors predictive of treatment. Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall survival (OS). 2,446 patients were identified. 75.1% received esophagectomy, while 24.9% were treated with gastrectomy. Patients at high volume facilities were more likely to undergo esophagectomy (OR 1.750, P < 0.001). Factors associated with lower likelihood of undergoing esophagectomy included age ≥75 years (OR 0.588, P = 0.001), female sex (OR 0.706, P = 0.003), and non-White race (OR 0.430, P < 0.001), compared to age ≤50 years, male, and White race, respectively. In the unmatched cohort, gastrectomy was associated with a higher rate of positive margins (4.1% vs 2.3%, P = 0.022). PSM yielded 591 pairs. In the matched cohort, patients treated with esophagectomy had improved 5-year OS compared to gastrectomy (70.6% vs 66.5%, P = 0.030). Multivariable analysis showed improved OS in patients treated with esophagectomy compared to gastrectomy (HR 0.767, P = 0.010). Esophagectomy is associatedwith improved survival and a lower incidence of positive margins in patients with early-stage GEJ adenocarcinoma when compared to gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolfy A Perez Holguin
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania..
| | - William G Wong
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Chan Shen
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Pauline H Go
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael F Reed
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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van der Zijden CJ, Eyck BM, van der Gaast A, van Doorn L, Nuyttens JJ, van Lanschot JJB, Wijnhoven BP, Mostert B, Lagarde SM. Chemotherapy aNd chemoradiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the OESophagus and esophagogastric junction with oligometastases: Protocol of the TNT-OES-1 trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100934. [PMID: 35669486 PMCID: PMC9163410 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FLOT and CROSS are effective neoadjuvant regimens for esophageal cancer patients. Chemotherapy (FLOT) is aimed to have merely a systemic effect whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CROSS) achieves good locoregional response with clinically complete response (cCR) rates up to 33% [1]. The aim of the present study is to assess safety and feasibility of dual therapy (FLOT-CROSS) in patients with oligometastases. Methods This phase-II single-center, single-arm, intervention study includes patients with oligometastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction. Patients will be treated with four biweekly cycles of FLOT, consisting of intravenous fluorouracil (2600 mg/m2), leucovorin (200 mg/m2), oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) and docetaxel (50 mg/m2). Response evaluation by CT-scan will be performed 4-6 weeks after completion of FLOT. In case of regression or stable disease according to RECIST criteria (v.1.1), patients will receive additional CROSS, consisting of five weekly cycles of intravenous carboplatin (AUC 2) and paclitaxel (50 mg/m2), with concurrent 41.4 Gy radiotherapy, in 23 daily fractions of 1.8 Gy [2]. Response evaluation by endoscopy with biopsies, endoscopic ultrasonography and CT-scan will be performed 4-6 weeks after completion of CROSS. Primary endpoint is tolerability of FLOT-CROSS, defined as the proportion of patients who complete the full regimen. Secondary endpoints include disease control rate, objective response rate, overall survival and progression-free survival. In total, 20 patients will be included. Discussion If patients are able to complete and tolerate FLOT-CROSS, this regimen should be tested in a phase-III trial and as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced non-metastatic esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène J. van der Zijden
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben M. Eyck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ate van der Gaast
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leni van Doorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J.M.E. Nuyttens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Jan B. van Lanschot
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas P.L. Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Mostert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M. Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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147
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Impact of Blood Parameters and Normal Tissue Dose on Treatment Outcome in Esophageal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143504. [PMID: 35884564 PMCID: PMC9320742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite technological advances, normal tissue sparing in photon beam irradiation is still challenging. Since in esophageal cancer this may inflict damage on the lungs, heart and bone marrow, possibly impacting on outcome, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of normal tissue dose and blood parameters on the survival of patients having undergone neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCTx) followed by surgery. This retrospective study included 125 patients irradiated to 40−41.4 Gy with photons or protons combined with concurrent chemotherapy. On initial and restaging 18F-FDG-PET/CT, the lungs and heart were contoured as organs at risk for which standardized uptake values (SUV) were evaluated. The mean radiation dose (Dmean) to the lungs and heart, the volume of the lungs receiving at least 20 Gy (V20Gy_lung) and various pre- and per-treatment blood parameters were included in the Cox regression analyses. Results: The median follow-up time was 19.8 months and median overall survival 37 months (95% confidence interval: 16−58.9 months). In multivariate analysis, higher radiation doses to the lungs and heart were statistically significantly associated with decreased overall survival (Dmean_lung: p < 0.001; V20Gy_lung: p < 0.002; Dmean_heart: p = 0.005). Neither the 18F-FDG-PET nor blood parameters were predictive for overall survival. In patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with RCTx, the radiation dose to the heart and lungs was significantly associated with overall survival.
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148
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Varela L, Hendry AC, Cassar J, Martin-Escolano R, Cantoni D, Ossa F, Edwards JC, Abdul-Salam V, Ortega-Roldan JL. Zn2+ triggered two-step mechanism of CLIC1 membrane insertion and activation into chloride channels. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276009. [PMID: 35833483 PMCID: PMC9511705 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) protein family displays the unique feature of altering its structure from a soluble form to a membrane-bound chloride channel. CLIC1, a member of this family, is found in the cytoplasm or in internal and plasma membranes, with membrane relocalisation linked to endothelial disfunction, tumour proliferation and metastasis. The molecular switch promoting CLIC1 activation remains under investigation. Here, cellular Cl− efflux assays and immunofluorescence microscopy studies have identified intracellular Zn2+ release as the trigger for CLIC1 activation and membrane insertion. Biophysical assays confirmed specific binding to Zn2+, inducing membrane association and enhancing Cl− efflux in a pH-dependent manner. Together, our results identify a two-step mechanism with Zn2+ binding as the molecular switch promoting CLIC1 membrane insertion, followed by pH-mediated activation of Cl− efflux. Summary: Identification of a two-step mechanism of CLIC1 membrane insertion based on Zn2+ binding and pH activation of Cl− efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | - Alex C Hendry
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | - Joseph Cassar
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Diego Cantoni
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7 4TB, UK
| | - Felipe Ossa
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Edwards
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vahitha Abdul-Salam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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149
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Lim RZM, Mahendran HA. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in Malaysia - Pooled data from upper gastrointestinal centers in a multiethnic Asian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102211. [PMID: 35834857 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide with considerable geographical histological variation There is a paucity of data in esophageal cancer in demographics, histology, and survival among the multi-ethnic Malaysian population. This paper is a review of esophageal cancer epidemiology and survival among esophageal cancer patients from data collected by the Malaysian Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Society. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective observational study of esophageal cancer patients from six upper gastrointestinal surgical centers in Malaysia between 2005 and 2019. Patient characteristics, histological type and stage were compared and survival analyzed. RESULTS There were 820 patients with esophageal cancer included, where 442 (53.9 %) cases had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 378 (46.1 %) had adenocarcinomas (AC). Malays were the predominant ethnicity with AC (66.7 %) while Indians were the ethnic majority (74.6 %) with SCC. Majority of patients (56.8 %) presented as stage IV disease. Overall, the 1-, 3-, and 5-years' survival were 35.8 %, 13.8 % and 11.0 %, respectively. Surgical resection with curative intent yielded the best 5-year survival (29.4 %). Intervention in stage IV AC yielded superior survival when compared to SCC (median survival, 7.9 months vs 4.8 months; p, 0.018) Our series demonstrated an increase in AC to SCC over the last 15 years. CONCLUSIONS There was an ethnic preponderance seen between different histology in this region, not previously discussed. An increase in AC was observed over the last 15 years. Late diagnosis seen in most patients imparts poor prognosis as curative surgery affords the best outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Zhun Ming Lim
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia.
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150
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Bai R, Yuan C. Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 (KK-LC-1): A Promising Cancer Testis Antigen. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1267-1277. [PMID: 35855340 PMCID: PMC9286905 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been a huge problem in the field of human health, and its early diagnosis and treatment are the key to solving this problem. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a family of multifunctional proteins that are specifically expressed in male spermatozoa and tumor cells but not in healthy somatic cells. Studies have found that CTAs are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, and some CTAs trigger immunogenicity, which suggests a possibility of tumor immunotherapy. The differential expression and function of CTAs in normal tissues and tumor cells can promote the screening of tumor markers and the development of new immunotherapies. This article introduces the expression of Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1), a new member of the CTA family, in different types of tumors and its role in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bai
- 1Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- 2Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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