1501
|
Hryckowian AJ, Van Treuren W, Smits SA, Davis NM, Gardner JO, Bouley DM, Sonnenburg JL. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates suppress Clostridium difficile infection in a murine model. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:662-669. [PMID: 29686297 PMCID: PMC6126909 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is an opportunistic diarrhoeal pathogen, and C. difficile infection (CDI) represents a major health care concern, causing an estimated 15,000 deaths per year in the United States alone 1 . Several enteric pathogens, including C. difficile, leverage inflammation and the accompanying microbial dysbiosis to thrive in the distal gut 2 . Although diet is among the most powerful available tools for affecting the health of humans and their relationship with their microbiota, investigation into the effects of diet on CDI has been limited. Here, we show in mice that the consumption of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) found in dietary plant polysaccharides has a significant effect on CDI. Specifically, using a model of antibiotic-induced CDI that typically resolves within 12 days of infection, we demonstrate that MAC-deficient diets perpetuate CDI. We show that C. difficile burdens are suppressed through the addition of either a diet containing a complex mixture of MACs or a simplified diet containing inulin as the sole MAC source. We show that switches between these dietary conditions are coincident with changes to microbiota membership, its metabolic output and C. difficile-mediated inflammation. Together, our data demonstrate the outgrowth of MAC-utilizing taxa and the associated end products of MAC metabolism, namely, the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, are associated with decreased C. difficile fitness despite increased C. difficile toxin expression in the gut. Our findings, when placed into the context of the known fibre deficiencies of a human Western diet, provide rationale for pursuing MAC-centric dietary strategies as an alternate line of investigation for mitigating CDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William Van Treuren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jackson O Gardner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Bouley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1502
|
Samadi N, Klems M, Untersmayr E. The role of gastrointestinal permeability in food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:168-173. [PMID: 29803708 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Samadi
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Klems
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
1503
|
Santilli AD, Dawson EM, Whitehead KJ, Whitehead DC. Nonmicrobicidal Small Molecule Inhibition of Polysaccharide Metabolism in Human Gut Microbes: A Potential Therapeutic Avenue. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1165-1172. [PMID: 29660284 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the nonmicrobicidal phenotypic manipulation of prominent gastrointestinal microbes is presented. Low micromolar concentrations of a chemical probe, acarbose, can selectively inhibit the Starch Utilization System and ablate the ability of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains to metabolize potato starch and pullulan. This strategy has potential therapeutic relevance for the selective modulation of the GI microbiota in a nonmicrobicidal manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Santilli
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Kristi J. Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Daniel C. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
1504
|
Shang Q, Wang Y, Pan L, Niu Q, Li C, Jiang H, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha Clathrata Modulates Gut Microbiota and Promotes the Growth of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E167. [PMID: 29772753 PMCID: PMC5983298 DOI: 10.3390/md16050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that Enteromorpha clathrata polysaccharide (ECP) could contribute to the treatment of diseases. However, as a promising candidate for marine drug development, although ECP has been extensively studied, less consideration has been given to exploring its effect on gut microbiota. In this light, given the critical role of gut microbiota in health and disease, we investigated here the effect of ECP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. As revealed by bioinformatic analyses, ECP considerably changed the structure of the gut microbiota and significantly promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria in C57BL/6J mice. However, interestingly, ECP exerted different effects on male and female microbiota. In females, ECP increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila, a next-generation probiotic bacterium, whereas in males, ECP increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. Moreover, by shaping a more balanced structure of the microbiota, ECP remarkably reduced the antigen load from the gut in females. Altogether, our study demonstrates for the first time a prebiotic effect of ECP on gut microbiota and forms the basis for the development of ECP as a novel gut microbiota modulator for health promotion and disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
1505
|
Masuko K. A Potential Benefit of "Balanced Diet" for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:141. [PMID: 29868593 PMCID: PMC5962728 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is largely unknown how diet might modulate rheumatoid arthritis (RA), dietary interventions, including so-called “low-carbohydrate” diets, may be considered for RA patients because of the high incidence of cardiovascular comorbidity. However, it has been shown that restriction or skewed intake of particular nutrient may alter the components of the intestinal flora. Changes to the gut microbiota or dysbiosis may be relevant to the pathogenesis of RA because the gut microbiota is reported to regulate the T cell phenotype and T cell-mediated immunity. RA patients should be advised that a balanced diet that includes appropriate amounts of carbohydrate, especially dietary fiber, is important for maintaining the symbiosis of intestinal flora, which could be beneficial for preventing autoimmunity. The review attempts to focus current findings regarding the suggested relationship between diet-derived carbohydrate, gut microbiota, and the pathogenesis of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Masuko
- Health Evaluation and Promotion Center, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1506
|
Mendes MCS, Paulino DSM, Brambilla SR, Camargo JA, Persinoti GF, Carvalheira JBC. Microbiota modification by probiotic supplementation reduces colitis associated colon cancer in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1995-2008. [PMID: 29760543 PMCID: PMC5949713 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i18.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).
METHODS C57BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water (5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis. Tumor cytokines was assessed by Real Time-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction); and serum cytokines by Multiplex assay. All tests were two-sided. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software GraphPad Prism 5.0. The project was approved by the institutional review board committee.
RESULTS At day 60 after azoxymethane injection, the mean number of tumours in the probiotic group was 40% lower than that in the control group, and the probiotic group exhibited tumours of smaller size (< 2 mm) (P < 0.05). There was no difference in richness and diversity between groups. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity in the multidimensional scaling analysis. The abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Clostridium XI and Clostridium XVIII increased in the probiotic group (P < 0.05). The microbial change was accompanied by reduced colitis, demonstrated by a 46% reduction in the colon inflammatory index; reduced expression of the serum chemokines RANTES and Eotaxin; decreased p-IKK and TNF-α and increased IL-10 expression in the colon.
CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. Probiotic supplementation changes microbiota structure and regulates the inflammatory response, reducing colitis and preventing CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina S Mendes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Daiane SM Paulino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Brambilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Camargo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Persinoti
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Barreto C Carvalheira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1507
|
Li D, Wang P, Wang P, Hu X, Chen F. Gut microbiota promotes production of aromatic metabolites through degradation of barley leaf fiber. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:49-58. [PMID: 29879614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Barley leaf (BL) contains abundant plant fibers, which are important substrates for the metabolism and degradation by the gut microbiota. Here we show that mice fed a diet supplemented with BL exhibited altered gut bacterial composition characterized by the enrichment of fiber-degrading bacteria Lachnospiraceae and Prevotella. Gut microbiota-mediated BL degradation promoted butyrate and propionate production. Metabolomic analysis showed increased aromatic metabolites such as ferulic acid, 3-phenylpropanoic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in feces of mice fed with BL. Finally, antibiotic treatment and anaerobic fermentation confirmed the obligate role of gut microbiota in the production of aromatic metabolites during BL degradation. Together, these findings provide insights into a gut microbiota-mediated degradation process of BL fiber components, which results in the production of microbial-associated metabolites that may exert potential active effects on host physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daotong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
1508
|
Modulation of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome with Nondigestible Fermentable Carbohydrates To Improve Human Health. Microbiol Spectr 2018; 5. [PMID: 28936943 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0019-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a clear association between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, providing a rationale for the development of strategies that target the GI microbiota to improve human health. In this article, we discuss the potential of supplementing the human diet with nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates (NDFCs) to modulate the composition, structure, diversity, and metabolic potential of the GI microbiome in an attempt to prevent or treat human disease. The current concepts by which NDFCs can be administered to humans, including prebiotics, fermentable dietary fibers, and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates, as well as the mechanisms by which these carbohydrates exert their health benefits, are discussed. Epidemiological research presents compelling evidence for the health effects of NDFCs, with clinical studies providing further support for some of these benefits. However, rigorously designed human intervention studies with well-established clinical markers and microbial endpoints are still essential to establish (i) the clinical efficiency of specific NDFCs, (ii) the causal role of the GI microbiota in these effects, (iii) the underlying mechanisms involved, and (iv) the degree by which inter-individual differences between GI microbiomes influence these effects. Such studies would provide the mechanistic understanding needed for a systematic application of NDFCs to improve human health via GI microbiota modulation while also allowing the personalization of these dietary strategies.
Collapse
|
1509
|
Gut microbiomes of wild great apes fluctuate seasonally in response to diet. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1786. [PMID: 29725011 PMCID: PMC5934369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is essential for extraction of energy and nutrition from plant-based diets and may have facilitated primate adaptation to new dietary niches in response to rapid environmental shifts. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota of wild western lowland gorillas and sympatric central chimpanzees and demonstrate compositional divergence between the microbiotas of gorillas, chimpanzees, Old World monkeys, and modern humans. We show that gorilla and chimpanzee microbiomes fluctuate with seasonal rainfall patterns and frugivory. Metagenomic sequencing of gorilla microbiomes demonstrates distinctions in functional metabolic pathways, archaea, and dietary plants among enterotypes, suggesting that dietary seasonality dictates shifts in the microbiome and its capacity for microbial plant fiber digestion versus growth on mucus glycans. These data indicate that great ape microbiomes are malleable in response to dietary shifts, suggesting a role for microbiome plasticity in driving dietary flexibility, which may provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms by which diet has driven the evolution of human gut microbiomes. Microbiota composition fluctuates in response to changes in environmental and lifestyle factors. Here, Hicks et al. show that the faecal microbiota of wild gorillas and chimpanzees is temporally dynamic, with shifts that correlate with seasonal rainfall patterns and periods of high and low frugivory.
Collapse
|
1510
|
van de Guchte M, Blottière HM, Doré J. Humans as holobionts: implications for prevention and therapy. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:81. [PMID: 29716650 PMCID: PMC5928587 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for its important or even decisive role in health. As it becomes clear that microbiota and host mutually affect and depend on each other in an intimate relationship, a holistic view of the gut microbiota-host association imposes itself. Ideally, a stable state of equilibrium, homeostasis, is maintained and serves health, but signs are that perturbation of this equilibrium beyond the limits of resilience can propel the system into an alternative stable state, a pre-disease state, more susceptible to the development of chronic diseases. The microbiota-host equilibrium of a large and growing proportion of individuals in Western society may represent such a pre-disease state and explain the explosive development of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and other inflammatory diseases. These diseases themselves represent other alternative stable states again and are therefore hard to cure. The holistic view of the microbiota-host association where feedback loops between microbiota and host are thought to maintain the system in a stable state-be it a healthy, pre-disease, or disease state-implies that integrated approaches, addressing host processes and microbiota, should be used to treat or prevent (pre-)disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van de Guchte
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
1511
|
Nie Y, Luo F, Lin Q. Dietary nutrition and gut microflora: A promising target for treating diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
1512
|
Abstract
While metabolic tissues such as adipose, liver, muscle, and pancreas have been extensively studied in dysmetabolism, the contribution of the gut remains poorly understood. In a recent Science article, Thaiss et al. (2018) unravel mechanisms underlying intestinal permeability observed in obesity and link barrier dysfunction and risk for infection with hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Martin
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1513
|
Duret A, de Gracia Hahn D, Hunter H, Im YR, Mann JP. The intricacies of the Mediterranean diet in NAFLD. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:775. [PMID: 29453380 DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Duret
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work
| | - D de Gracia Hahn
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work
| | - H Hunter
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work
| | - Y R Im
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work
| | - J P Mann
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Amedine Duret, Dana de Gracia Hahn, Harriet Hunter and Yu Ri Im contributed equally to this work. Jake P. Mann supervised this work
| |
Collapse
|
1514
|
Li B, Selmi C, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Ma X. The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut-liver axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:595-609. [PMID: 29706647 PMCID: PMC6079090 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells significantly outnumber human cells in the body, and the microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and, less intuitively, act on host immune responses, as demonstrated by experimental data in germ-free and gnotobiotic studies. Our understanding of this link stems from the established connection between infectious bacteria and immune tolerance breakdown, as observed in rheumatic fever triggered by Streptococci via molecular mimicry, epitope spread and bystander effects. The availability of high-throughput techniques has significantly advanced our capacity to sequence the microbiome and demonstrated variable degrees of dysbiosis in numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver disease. It remains unknown whether the observed differences are related to the disease pathogenesis or follow the therapeutic and inflammatory changes and are thus mere epiphenomena. In fact, there are only limited data on the molecular mechanisms linking the microbiota to autoimmunity, and microbial therapeutics is being investigated to prevent or halt autoimmune diseases. As a putative mechanism, it is of particular interest that the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in response to microbial stimuli enables the presentation of self-antigens, giving rise to the differentiation of autoreactive Th17 cells and other T helper cells. This comprehensive review will illustrate the data demonstrating the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and host innate and adaptive immunity, with an emphasis on how dysbiosis may influence systemic autoimmunity. In particular, a gut–liver axis involving the intestinal microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity is elucidated as a paradigm, considering its anatomic and physiological connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
1515
|
Trindade L, Martins V, Rodrigues N, Souza E, Martins F, Costa G, Almeida-Leite C, Faria A, Cardoso V, Maioli T, Generoso S. Oral administration of Simbioflora® (synbiotic) attenuates intestinal damage in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:477-486. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics to prevent or treat mucosal inflammation has been studied; however, the combined effect of probiotics and prebiotics is unclear. The aim of this study was to test whether oral administration of a synbiotic (Simbioflora®) preparation containing Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis plus fructooligosaccharide could help control mucosal inflammation in experimental mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control (CTL), control + prebiotic (CTL+P), control + synbiotic (CTL+S), mucositis (MUC), mucositis + prebiotic (MUC+P), and mucositis + synbiotic (MUC+S). Mice from the CTL+S, MUC+S, CTL+P, and MUC+P groups received synbiotic or prebiotic daily by oral gavage for 13 days. Mice in the CTL and MUC groups received the same volume of saline. On day 11, mice in the MUC, MUC+P, and MUC+S groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-FU to induce mucositis. After 72 h, all mice were euthanised. Intestinal permeability, intestinal histology, and biochemical parameters were analysed. Group MUC showed a greater weight loss and increased intestinal permeability (0.020 counts per min [cpm]/g) compared to the CTL group (0.01 cpm/g) P<0.05. Both treatments attenuated weight loss compared to the MUC group. Nonetheless, the synbiotic caused a greater reduction in intestinal permeability (0.012 cpm/g) compared to the MUC (0.020 cpm/g) and MUC+P (0.016 cpm/g) groups P<0.05. Mice in groups MUC+P and MUC+S displayed significant recovery of lesions and maintenance of the mucus layer. There were no differences in the short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the faeces between the MUC and CTL groups (P>0.05). Increased acetate and propionate concentrations were evidenced in the faeces of the MUC+P and MUC+S groups. Only the synbiotic treatment increased the butyrate concentration (P<0.05). The results indicate that administration of synbiotic can decrease mucosal damage caused by mucositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Trindade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - V.D. Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - N.M. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - E.L.S. Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - F.S. Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - G.M.F. Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - C.M. Almeida-Leite
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - A.M.C. Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - V.N. Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T.U. Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - S.V. Generoso
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1516
|
Zhai X, Lin D, Zhao Y, Yang X. Bacterial Cellulose Relieves Diphenoxylate-Induced Constipation in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4106-4117. [PMID: 29627986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was to probe the effects of bacterial cellulose (BC) on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in rats. Administration with BC at 500 mg/kg of body weight in diphenoxylate-induced constipation rats distinctly improved the carmine propulsion rate (83.5 ± 5.2%), shortened the defecating time of the first red feces (249.0 ± 23.3 min), and increased the weight of carmine red feces within 5 h (2.7 ± 1.3 g). The levels of aquaporins (AQP-2, AQP-3, and AQP-4) and inhibitory neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and arginine vasopressin) in the BC-treated groups reduced by 31.9-40.0% ( p < 0.01) and 21.1-67.7% ( p < 0.01) compared to those in the constipation group, respectively. However, the secretion of excitability neurotransmitters (substance P and motilin) in the BC-treated groups was increased by 20.0-39.9% ( p < 0.01). The activities of ATPases in the colon of constipation rats were significantly weakened by BC administration ( p < 0.01). Histological morphology of the colon showed that BC supplementation could effectively increase the length of villus cells and the thickness of colonic mucosa and muscle ( p < 0.01). Moreover, BC supplementation could protect colonic smooth muscle cells against apoptosis. All of the findings suggest that BC supplementation effectively relieves constipation in rats and BC would be used as a great promising dietary fiber for alleviating constipation.
Collapse
|
1517
|
Healey GR, Murphy R, Brough L, Butts CA, Coad J. Interindividual variability in gut microbiota and host response to dietary interventions. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:1059-1080. [PMID: 29190368 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis is linked to human disease; therefore, gut microbiota modulation strategies provide an attractive means of correcting microbial imbalance to enhance human health. Because diet has a major influence on the composition, diversity, and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota, numerous dietary intervention studies have been conducted to manipulate the gut microbiota to improve host outcomes and reduce disease risk. Emerging evidence suggests that interindividual variability in gut microbiota and host responsiveness exists, making it difficult to predict gut microbiota and host response to a given dietary intervention. This may, in turn, have implications on the consistency of results among studies and the perceived success or true efficacy of a dietary intervention in eliciting beneficial changes to the gut microbiota and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genelle R Healey
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food, Nutrition & Health Group, New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise Brough
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christine A Butts
- Food, Nutrition & Health Group, New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
1518
|
Martin CR, Osadchiy V, Kalani A, Mayer EA. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:133-148. [PMID: 30023410 PMCID: PMC6047317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions within the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Gut microbes communicate to the central nervous system through at least 3 parallel and interacting channels involving nervous, endocrine, and immune signaling mechanisms. The brain can affect the community structure and function of the gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system, by modulating regional gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability, and potentially through the luminal secretion of hormones that directly modulate microbial gene expression. A systems biological model is proposed that posits circular communication loops amid the brain, gut, and gut microbiome, and in which perturbation at any level can propagate dysregulation throughout the circuit. A series of largely preclinical observations implicates alterations in brain-gut-microbiome communication in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Continued research holds the promise of identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing treatment strategies to address some of the most debilitating, costly, and poorly understood diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2BA, secondary bile acid
- 5-HT, serotonin
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- ASD, autism spectrum disorder
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BGM, brain-gut-microbiome
- CNS, central nervous system
- ECC, enterochromaffin cell
- EEC, enteroendocrine cell
- FFAR, free fatty acid receptor
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GF, germ-free
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- GPR, G-protein–coupled receptor
- IBS, irritable bowel syndrome
- Intestinal Permeability
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- SPF, specific-pathogen-free
- Serotonin
- Stress
- TGR5, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor
- Trp, tryptophan
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emeran A. Mayer
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Emeran A. Mayer, MD, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California at Los Angeles, MC737818-10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-7378. fax: (310) 825-1919.
| |
Collapse
|
1519
|
Leth ML, Ejby M, Workman C, Ewald DA, Pedersen SS, Sternberg C, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Aachmann FL, Westereng B, Abou Hachem M. Differential bacterial capture and transport preferences facilitate co-growth on dietary xylan in the human gut. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:570-580. [PMID: 29610517 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of dietary glycans is pivotal in shaping the human gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms that promote competition for glycans among gut commensals remain unclear. Roseburia intestinalis, an abundant butyrate-producing Firmicute, is a key degrader of the major dietary fibre xylan. Despite the association of this taxon to a healthy microbiota, insight is lacking into its glycan utilization machinery. Here, we investigate the apparatus that confers R. intestinalis growth on different xylans. R. intestinalis displays a large cell-attached modular xylanase that promotes multivalent and dynamic association to xylan via four xylan-binding modules. This xylanase operates in concert with an ATP-binding cassette transporter to mediate breakdown and selective internalization of xylan fragments. The transport protein of R. intestinalis prefers oligomers of 4-5 xylosyl units, whereas the counterpart from a model xylan-degrading Bacteroides commensal targets larger ligands. Although R. intestinalis and the Bacteroides competitor co-grew in a mixed culture on xylan, R. intestinalis dominated on the preferred transport substrate xylotetraose. These findings highlight the differentiation of capture and transport preferences as a possible strategy to facilitate co-growth on abundant dietary fibres and may offer a unique route to manipulate the microbiota based on glycan transport preferences in therapeutic interventions to boost distinct taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Louise Leth
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Ejby
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christopher Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Adrian Ewald
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Signe Schultz Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Sternberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørge Westereng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
1520
|
Okumura R, Takeda K. Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by mucosal barriers. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:5. [PMID: 29619131 PMCID: PMC5879757 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestine is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms, which provide many benefits to nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Mucosal barriers by intestinal epithelial cells make it possible to maintain the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host by separating them. Recent evidence indicates that mucosal barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we focus on the mechanisms by which mucosal barriers maintain gut homeostasis. Main text Gut mucosal barriers are classified into chemical and physical barriers. Chemical barriers, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are chemical agents that attack invading microorganisms, and physical barriers, including the mucus layer and the cell junction, are walls that physically repel invading microorganisms. These barriers, which are ingeniously modulated by gut microbiota and host immune cells, spatially segregate gut microbiota and the host immunity to avoid unnecessary immune responses to gut commensal microbes. Therefore, mucosal barrier dysfunction allows gut bacteria to invade gut mucosa, inducing excessive immune responses of the host immune cells, which result in intestinal inflammation. Conclusion Gut mucosal barriers constructed by intestinal epithelial cells maintain gut homeostasis by segregating gut microbiota and host immune cells. Impaired mucosal barrier function contributes to the development of IBD. However, the mechanism by which the mucosal barrier is regulated by gut microbiota remains unclear. Thus, it should be further elucidated in the future to develop a novel therapeutic approach to IBD by targeting the mucosal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Okumura
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,2WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,2WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1521
|
Beyond Structure: Defining the Function of the Gut Using Omic Approaches for Rational Design of Personalized Therapeutics. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00173-17. [PMID: 29556548 PMCID: PMC5853185 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00173-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, microbiome research has focused on defining the structures associated with different disease states in multiple systems, but has fallen short on showing causation. Prior omic studies have generated many new hypotheses, but moving forward we need to start dissecting the function of each bacterium alone and in concert with complex bacterial communities in well-characterized systems. Over the next 5 years, we need a merging of new omic technologies for exploratory studies with classical bacterial genetics, bacterial physiology, protein engineering, and biochemistry to further define the biochemical mechanisms of the gut microbiota. The future of the systems microbiology field will focus on targeted engineering and editing of the microbiome to alter function, which will be leveraged to prevent and/or treat human diseases. This perspective will focus on my contribution to the microbiome field, both past and present, and where I think research in the field is headed in the near future.
Collapse
|
1522
|
Gomez-Arango LF, Barrett HL, Wilkinson SA, Callaway LK, McIntyre HD, Morrison M, Dekker Nitert M. Low dietary fiber intake increases Collinsella abundance in the gut microbiota of overweight and obese pregnant women. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:189-201. [PMID: 29144833 PMCID: PMC6219589 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1406584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Abundance of the genus Collinsella is positively correlated with circulating insulin; however, it is unclear what determines Collinsella abundance. This study aims to validate the correlation between Collinsella and insulin and to elucidate if macronutrient intake alters Collinsella abundance and gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing in 57 overweight and 73 obese pregnant women from the SPRING (Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes) trial at 16 weeks gestation and correlated with metabolic hormone levels and macronutrient intake. Gut microbiota composition in the top and bottom 10% of dietary fiber intake was evaluated through network analysis. Collinsella abundance correlated positively with circulating insulin (rho = 0.30, p = 0.0006), independent of maternal BMI, but negatively with dietary fiber intake (rho = -0.20, p = 0.025) in this cohort. Low dietary fiber intake was associated with a gut microbiota favoring lactate fermentation while high fiber intake promotes short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Low dietary fiber may enable overgrowth of Collinsella and alter the overall fermentation pattern in gut microbiota. This suggests that dietary choices during pregnancy can modify the nutritional ecology of the gut microbiota, with potential deleterious effects on the metabolic and inflammatory health of the host. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR 12611001208998, registered 23/11/2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F. Gomez-Arango
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen L. Barrett
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shelley A. Wilkinson
- Mater Health Services, Nutrition and Dietetics, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Mater Research Institute –University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leonie K. Callaway
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H. David McIntyre
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Mater Research Institute –University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,CONTACT: Marloes Dekker Nitert School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Building 76–452. The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
1523
|
Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29531080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720696115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unresolved. Here, we found chronic stress to sensitize mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis; to increase the infiltration of B cells, neutrophils, and proinflammatory ly6Chi macrophages in colonic lamina propria; and to present with decreased thymus and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) coefficients. Circulating total white blood cells were significantly increased after stress, and the proportion of MLN-associated immune cells were largely changed. Results showed a marked activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling by stress. The detrimental action of stress was not terminated in IL-6-/- mice. Interestingly, the composition of gut microbiota was dramatically changed after stress, with expansion of inflammation-promoting bacteria. Furthermore, results showed stress-induced deficient expression of mucin-2 and lysozyme, which may contribute to the disorder of gut microbiota. Of note is that, in the case of cohousing, the stress-induced immune reaction and decreased body weight were abrogated, and transferred gut microbiota from stressed mice to control mice was sufficient to facilitate DSS-induced colitis. The important role of gut microbiota was further reinforced by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic stress disturbs gut microbiota, triggering immune system response and facilitating DSS-induced colitis.
Collapse
|
1524
|
Abstract
The inner colon mucus layer capacity to separate bacteria from the epithelium is dependent on bacterial colonizers signaling to the host epithelium. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wlodarska et al. (2017) demonstrate that the mucin-utilizing Peptostreptococcus russellii protects the host from inflammatory disease via metabolite signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
1525
|
Wlodarska M, Luo C, Kolde R, d'Hennezel E, Annand JW, Heim CE, Krastel P, Schmitt EK, Omar AS, Creasey EA, Garner AL, Mohammadi S, O'Connell DJ, Abubucker S, Arthur TD, Franzosa EA, Huttenhower C, Murphy LO, Haiser HJ, Vlamakis H, Porter JA, Xavier RJ. Indoleacrylic Acid Produced by Commensal Peptostreptococcus Species Suppresses Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:25-37.e6. [PMID: 28704649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Host factors in the intestine help select for bacteria that promote health. Certain commensals can utilize mucins as an energy source, thus promoting their colonization. However, health conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with a reduced mucus layer, potentially leading to dysbiosis associated with this disease. We characterize the capability of commensal species to cleave and transport mucin-associated monosaccharides and identify several Clostridiales members that utilize intestinal mucins. One such mucin utilizer, Peptostreptococcus russellii, reduces susceptibility to epithelial injury in mice. Several Peptostreptococcus species contain a gene cluster enabling production of the tryptophan metabolite indoleacrylic acid (IA), which promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function and mitigates inflammatory responses. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis of human stool samples reveals that the genetic capability of microbes to utilize mucins and metabolize tryptophan is diminished in IBD patients. Our data suggest that stimulating IA production could promote anti-inflammatory responses and have therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wlodarska
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chengwei Luo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John W Annand
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cortney E Heim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther K Schmitt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abdifatah S Omar
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashley L Garner
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sina Mohammadi
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sahar Abubucker
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy D Arthur
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leon O Murphy
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Henry J Haiser
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Porter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1526
|
Obanda D, Page R, Guice J, Raggio AM, Husseneder C, Marx B, Stout RW, Welsh DA, Taylor CM, Luo M, Blanchard EE, Bendiks Z, Coulon D, Keenan MJ. CD Obesity-Prone Rats, but not Obesity-Resistant Rats, Robustly Ferment Resistant Starch Without Increased Weight or Fat Accretion. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:570-577. [PMID: 29464911 PMCID: PMC5826621 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used CD obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats to examine how weight gain and fat accretion relate to fermentation levels and microbiota composition after feeding resistant starch (RS). METHODS After feeding OP rats and OR rats a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks, rats were stratified into three groups: they were fed either an HF diet (group 1: HF-HF) or were switched to a low-fat (LF) diet (group 2: HF-LF) or an LF diet supplemented with 20% RS by weight for 4 weeks (group 3: HF-LFRS). Energy intake, body weight, fermentation variables, and microbiota composition were determined. RESULTS In OP rats, RS elicited robust fermentation (increased cecal contents, short-chain fatty acids, and serum glucagon-like peptide 1). Total bacteria, species of the Bacteroidales family S24-7, and the archaean Methanobrevibacter smithii increased. The robust fermentation did not elicit higher weight or fat accretion when compared with that of control rats fed the same isocaloric diets (HF-LF ± RS). In OR rats, body weight and fat accretion were also not different between HF-LF ± RS diets, but RS elicited minimal changes in fermentation and microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS Robust fermentation did not contribute to greater weight. Fermentation levels and changes in microbiota composition in response to dietary RS differed by obesity phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obanda
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Ryan Page
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Justin Guice
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Anne M Raggio
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | | | - Brian Marx
- Department of Experimental Statistics, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Rhett W Stout
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - David A Welsh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eugene E Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Diana Coulon
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Michael J Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge LA
- Corresponding author: Michael J Keenan, 209 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803,
| |
Collapse
|
1527
|
Kopp TI, Vogel U, Tjonneland A, Andersen V. Meat and fiber intake and interaction with pattern recognition receptors (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR10) in relation to colorectal cancer in a Danish prospective, case-cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:465-479. [PMID: 29566186 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat and dietary fiber are associated with increased and decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), respectively. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the intestinal immune response in a complex interplay between the mucosal epithelium and the microbiota and may therefore be important modulators of diet-induced CRC together with other inflammatory mediators. Objective Our aim was to investigate the association between functional TLR polymorphisms and risk of CRC and the interaction with dietary factors. Additionally, interactions with previously studied polymorphisms in IL10, IL1B, PTGS2, and NFKB1 were assessed in order to examine possible biological pathways in meat-induced CRC. Design A nested case-cohort study of 897 CRC cases and 1689 randomly selected participants from the Danish prospective "Diet, Cancer and Health" study encompassing 57,053 persons was performed using Cox proportional hazard models and the likelihood ratio test. Results We found associations between polymorphisms in TLR2 (P = 0.018) and TLR4 (P = 0.044) and risk of CRC per se, interactions between intake of red and processed meat (10 g/d) and polymorphisms in TLR1 (P-interaction = 0.032) and TLR10 (P-interaction = 0.026 and 0.036), and intake of cereals (50 g/d) and TLR4 (P-interaction = 0.044) in relation to risk of CRC. Intake of red and processed meat also interacted with combinations of polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR10 and polymorphisms in NFKB1, IL10, IL1B, and PTGS2 (P-interaction; TLR1/rs4833095 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.021, TLR10/rs11096955 × IL10/rs3024505 = 0.047, TLR10/rs11096955 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.017, TLR10/rs4129009 × NFKB1/rs28362491 = 0.027, TLR10/rs4129009 × IL1B/rs4848306 = 0.020, TLR10/rs4129009 × IL1B/rs1143623 = 0.021, TLR10/rs4129009 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.027), whereas intake of dietary fiber (10 g/d) interacted with combinations of polymorphisms in TLR4, IL10, and PTGS2 (P-interaction; TLR4/rs1554973 × IL10/rs3024505 = 0.0012, TLR4/rs1554973 × PTGS2/rs20417 = 0.0041, TLR4/rs1554973 × PTGS2/rs5275 = 0.0064). Conclusions Our study suggests that meat intake may activate TLRs at the epithelial surface, leading to CRC via inflammation by nuclear transcription factor-κB-initiated transcription of inflammatory genes, whereas intake of fiber may protect against CRC via TLR4-mediated secretion of interleukin-10 and cyclooxygenase-2. Our results should be replicated in other prospective cohorts with well-characterized participants. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03250637.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Iskov Kopp
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Laboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research-Center Sønderjylland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
1528
|
Llewellyn SR, Britton GJ, Contijoch EJ, Vennaro OH, Mortha A, Colombel JF, Grinspan A, Clemente JC, Merad M, Faith JJ. Interactions Between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Intestinal Permeability and Colitis Severity in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1037-1046.e2. [PMID: 29174952 PMCID: PMC5847454 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiota affect development of mucosal inflammation or inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated interactions between dietary ingredients, nutrients, and the microbiota in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice given more than 40 unique diets; we quantified individual and synergistic effects of dietary macronutrients and the microbiota on intestinal health and development of colitis. METHODS C56BL/6J SPF and GF mice were placed on custom diets containing different concentrations and sources of protein, fat, digestible carbohydrates, and indigestible carbohydrates (fiber). After 1 week, SPF and GF mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Disease severity was determined based on the percent weight change from baseline, and modeled as a function of the concentration of each macronutrient in the diet. In unchallenged mice, we measured intestinal permeability by feeding mice labeled dextran and measuring levels in blood. Feces were collected and microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We collected colons from mice and performed transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Fecal microbiota varied with diet; the concentration of protein and fiber had the strongest effect on colitis development. Among 9 fiber sources tested, psyllium, pectin, and cellulose fiber reduced the severity of colitis in SPF mice, whereas methylcellulose increased severity. Increasing dietary protein increased the density of the fecal microbiota and the severity of colitis in SPF mice, but not in GF mice or mice given antibiotics. Psyllium fiber reduced the severity of colitis through microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms. Combinatorial perturbations to dietary casein protein and psyllium fiber in parallel accounted for most variation in gut microbial density and intestinal permeability in unchallenged mice, as well as the severity of DSS-induced colitis; changes in 1 ingredient could be offset by changes in another. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of the effects of different dietary components and the gut microbiota on mice with and without DSS-induced colitis, we found complex mixtures of nutrients affect intestinal permeability, gut microbial density, and development of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Llewellyn
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Graham J. Britton
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Eduardo J. Contijoch
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Olivia H. Vennaro
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ari Grinspan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Miriam Merad
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jeremiah J. Faith
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
1529
|
Troll JV, Hamilton MK, Abel ML, Ganz J, Bates JM, Stephens WZ, Melancon E, van der Vaart M, Meijer AH, Distel M, Eisen JS, Guillemin K. Microbiota promote secretory cell determination in the intestinal epithelium by modulating host Notch signaling. Development 2018; 145:145/4/dev155317. [PMID: 29475973 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resident microbes promote many aspects of host development, although the mechanisms by which microbiota influence host tissues remain unclear. We showed previously that the microbiota is required for allocation of appropriate numbers of secretory cells in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Because Notch signaling is crucial for secretory fate determination, we conducted epistasis experiments to establish whether the microbiota modulates host Notch signaling. We also investigated whether innate immune signaling transduces microbiota cues via the Myd88 adaptor protein. We provide the first evidence that microbiota-induced, Myd88-dependent signaling inhibits host Notch signaling in the intestinal epithelium, thereby promoting secretory cell fate determination. These results connect microbiota activity via innate immune signaling to the Notch pathway, which also plays crucial roles in intestinal homeostasis throughout life and when impaired can result in chronic inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua V Troll
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - M Kristina Hamilton
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Melissa L Abel
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Julia Ganz
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bates
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - W Zac Stephens
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Ellie Melancon
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Distel
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith S Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA .,Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| |
Collapse
|
1530
|
Galvão I, Tavares LP, Corrêa RO, Fachi JL, Rocha VM, Rungue M, Garcia CC, Cassali G, Ferreira CM, Martins FS, Oliveira SC, Mackay CR, Teixeira MM, Vinolo MAR, Vieira AT. The Metabolic Sensor GPR43 Receptor Plays a Role in the Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in the Lung. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515566 PMCID: PMC5826235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and mortality worldwide. The inflammatory responses that follow respiratory infections are protective leading to pathogen clearance but can also be deleterious if unregulated. The microbiota is known to be an important protective barrier against infections, mediating both direct inhibitory effects against the potential pathogen and also regulating the immune responses contributing to a proper clearance of the pathogen and return to homeostasis. GPR43 is one receptor for acetate, a microbiota metabolite shown to induce and to regulate important immune functions. Here, we addressed the role of GPR43 signaling during pulmonary bacterial infections. We have shown for the first time that the absence of GPR43 leads to increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, which was associated to both uncontrolled proliferation of bacteria and to increased inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that GPR43 expression especially in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is important for bacterial phagocytosis and killing. In addition, treatment with the GPR43 ligand, acetate, is protective during bacterial lung infection. This was associated to reduction in the number of bacteria in the airways and to the control of the inflammatory responses. Altogether, GPR43 plays an important role in the “gut–lung axis” as a sensor of the host gut microbiota activity through acetate binding promoting a proper immune response in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renan O Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor Melo Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Rungue
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1531
|
Barrett's esophagus is associated with a distinct oral microbiome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:135. [PMID: 29491399 PMCID: PMC5862155 DOI: 10.1038/s41424-018-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The esophageal microbiome is composed of predominantly oral flora and is altered in reflux-related conditions including Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Changes to the esophageal microbiome may be reflected in the oral cavity. Assessing the oral microbiome thus represents a potential non-invasive method to identify patients with BE. Methods Patients with and without BE undergoing upper endoscopy were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, clinical data, medications, and dietary intake were assessed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on saliva samples collected prior to endoscopy. Taxonomic differences between groups were assessed via linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Logit models were used to develop microbiome signatures to distinguish BE from non-BE, assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Results A total of 49 patients were enrolled (control = 17, BE = 32). There was no significant difference in alpha diversity comparing all BE patients vs. controls. At the phylum level, the oral microbiome in BE patients had significantly increased relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.005) and decreased Proteobacteria (p = 0.02). There were numerous taxonomic differences in the oral microbiome between BE and controls. A model including relative abundance of Lautropia, Streptococcus, and a genus in the order Bacteroidales distinguished BE from controls with an AUROC 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00). The optimal cutoff identified BE patients with 96.9% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. Conclusions The oral microbiome in BE patients was markedly altered and distinguished BE with relatively high accuracy. The oral microbiome represents a potential screening marker for BE, and validation studies in larger and distinct populations are warranted.
Collapse
|
1532
|
Round JL, Palm NW. Causal effects of the microbiota on immune-mediated diseases. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/20/eaao1603. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
1533
|
Christensen R, Heitmann BL, Andersen KW, Nielsen OH, Sørensen SB, Jawhara M, Bygum A, Hvid L, Grauslund J, Wied J, Glerup H, Fredberg U, Villadsen JA, Kjær SG, Fallingborg J, Moghadd SAGR, Knudsen T, Brodersen J, Frøjk J, Dahlerup JF, Bojesen AB, Sorensen GL, Thiel S, Færgeman NJ, Brandslund I, Bennike TB, Stensballe A, Schmidt EB, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Rosenstiel P, Raes J, Boye M, Werner L, Nielsen CL, Munk HL, Nexøe AB, Ellingsen T, Holmskov U, Kjeldsen J, Andersen V. Impact of red and processed meat and fibre intake on treatment outcomes among patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: protocol for a prospective cohort study of prognostic factors and personalised medicine. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018166. [PMID: 29439003 PMCID: PMC5829767 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are frequently treated with biological medications, specifically tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi)). These medications inhibit the pro-inflammatory molecule TNF alpha, which has been strongly implicated in the aetiology of these diseases. Up to one-third of patients do not, however, respond to biologics, and lifestyle factors are assumed to affect treatment outcomes. Little is known about the effects of dietary lifestyle as a prognostic factor that may enable personalised medicine. The primary outcome of this multidisciplinary collaborative study will be to identify dietary lifestyle factors that support optimal treatment outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective cohort study will enrol 320 patients with CID who are prescribed a TNFi between June 2017 and March 2019. Included among the patients with CID will be patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), rheumatic disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis), inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa) and non-infectious uveitis. At baseline (pretreatment), patient characteristics will be assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, clinical assessments of disease activity, quality of life and lifestyle, in addition to registry data on comorbidity and concomitant medication(s). In accordance with current Danish standards, follow-up will be conducted 14-16 weeks after treatment initiation. For each disease, evaluation of successful treatment response will be based on established primary and secondary endpoints, including disease-specific core outcome sets. The major outcome of the analyses will be to detect variability in treatment effectiveness between patients with different lifestyle characteristics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The principle goal of this project is to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from CID by providing evidence to support dietary and other lifestyle recommendations that may improve clinical outcomes. The study is approved by the Ethics Committee (S-20160124) and the Danish Data Protecting Agency (2008-58-035). Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, patient associations and presentations at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03173144; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karina Winther Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Organ Centre, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology D112, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohamad Jawhara
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Organ Centre, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Hvid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jimmi Wied
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henning Glerup
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Fredberg
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Geill Kjær
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Fallingborg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Seyed A G R Moghadd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Herning Regional Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Torben Knudsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Brodersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Frøjk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jens Frederik Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Bo Bojesen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Ålborg, Denmark
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Departmentof Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mette Boye
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Lars Werner
- The Danish Psoriasis Association, The Danish Psoriasis Association, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | | | - Heidi Lausten Munk
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
1534
|
Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Gel-forming mucin interactome drives mucus viscoelasticity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:69-82. [PMID: 29329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that constitutes the first innate defense in all mammals. The main organic component of mucus, gel-forming mucins, forms a complex network through both reversible and irreversible interactions that drive mucus gel formation. Significant advances in the understanding of irreversible gel-forming mucins assembly have been made using recombinant protein approaches. However, little is known about the reversible interactions that may finely modulate mucus viscoelasticity, which can be characterized using rheology. This approach can be used to investigate both the nature of gel-forming mucins interactions and factors that influence hydrogel formation. This knowledge is directly relevant to the development of new drugs to modulate mucus viscoelasticity and to restore normal mucus functions in diseases such as in cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the mucus protein matrix and its functions, with emphasis on mucus viscoelasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
1535
|
Carlson-Banning KM, Sperandio V. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli outwits hosts through sensing small molecules. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 41:83-88. [PMID: 29258058 PMCID: PMC5862742 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules help intestinal pathogens navigate the complex human gastrointestinal tract to exploit favorable microhabitats. These small molecules provide spatial landmarks for pathogens to regulate synthesis of virulence caches and are derived from the host, ingested plant and animal material, and the microbiota. Their concentrations and fluxes vary along the length of the gut and provide molecular signatures that are beginning to be explored through metabolomics and genetics. However, while many small molecules have been identified and are reviewed here, there are undoubtedly others that may also profoundly affect how enteric pathogens infect their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Carlson-Banning
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1536
|
van der Ark KCH, Aalvink S, Suarez-Diez M, Schaap PJ, de Vos WM, Belzer C. Model-driven design of a minimal medium for Akkermansia muciniphila confirms mucus adaptation. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:476-485. [PMID: 29377524 PMCID: PMC5902328 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance of the human intestinal symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila has found to be inversely correlated with several diseases, including metabolic syndrome and obesity. A. muciniphila is known to use mucin as sole carbon and nitrogen source. To study the physiology and the potential for therapeutic applications of this bacterium, we designed a defined minimal medium. The composition of the medium was based on the genome‐scale metabolic model of A. muciniphila and the composition of mucin. Our results indicate that A. muciniphila does not code for GlmS, the enzyme that mediates the conversion of fructose‐6‐phosphate (Fru6P) to glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (GlcN6P), which is essential in peptidoglycan formation. The only annotated enzyme that could mediate this conversion is Amuc‐NagB on locus Amuc_1822. We found that Amuc‐NagB was unable to form GlcN6P from Fru6P at physiological conditions, while it efficiently catalyzed the reverse reaction. To overcome this inability, N‐acetylglucosamine needs to be present in the medium for A. muciniphila growth. With these findings, the genome‐scale metabolic model was updated and used to accurately predict growth of A. muciniphila on synthetic media. The finding that A. muciniphila has a necessity for GlcNAc, which is present in mucin further prompts the adaptation to its mucosal niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kees C H van der Ark
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, RPU Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Haartmanikatu 4, 002940, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
1537
|
D'hoe K, Conterno L, Fava F, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Vermeiren J, Tuohy K, Raes J. Prebiotic Wheat Bran Fractions Induce Specific Microbiota Changes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:31. [PMID: 29416529 PMCID: PMC5787670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran fibers are considered beneficial to human health through their impact on gut microbiota composition and activity. Here, we assessed the prebiotic potential of selected bran fractions by performing a series of fecal slurry anaerobic fermentation experiments using aleurone as well as total, ultrafine, and soluble wheat bran (swb) as carbon sources. By combining amplicon-based community profiling with a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approach, we found that incubation conditions favor the growth of Proteobacteria such as Escherichia and Bilophila. These effects were countered in all but one [total wheat bran (twb)] fermentation experiments. Growth of Bifidobacterium species was stimulated after fermentation using ultrafine, soluble, and twb, in the latter two as part of a general increase in bacterial load. Both ultrafine and swb fermentation resulted in a trade-off between Bifidobacterium and Bilophila, as previously observed in human dietary supplementation studies looking at the effect of inulin-type fructans on the human gut microbiota. Aleurone selectively stimulated growth of Dorea and butyrate-producing Roseburia. All fermentation experiments induced enhanced gas production; increased butyrate concentrations were only observed following soluble bran incubation. Our results open perspectives for the development of aleurone as a complementary prebiotic selectively targeting colon butyrate producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D'hoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Jeroen Raes Lab, VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenza Conterno
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy.,Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Centre, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Gwen Falony
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Jeroen Raes Lab, VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Jeroen Raes Lab, VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Jeroen Raes Lab, VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
1538
|
Ma N, Guo P, Zhang J, He T, Kim SW, Zhang G, Ma X. Nutrients Mediate Intestinal Bacteria-Mucosal Immune Crosstalk. Front Immunol 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29416535 PMCID: PMC5787545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the shared site of nutrient digestion, microbiota colonization and immune cell location and this geographic proximity contributes to a large extent to their interaction. The onset and development of a great many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome, will be caused due to the imbalance of body immune. As competent assistants, the intestinal bacteria are also critical in disease prevention and control. Moreover, the gut commensal bacteria are essential for development and normal operation of immune system and the pathogens are also closely bound up with physiological disorders and diseases mediated by immune imbalance. Understanding how our diet and nutrient affect bacterial composition and dynamic function, and the innate and adaptive status of our immune system, represents not only a research need but also an opportunity or challenge to improve health. Herein, this review focuses on the recent discoveries about intestinal bacteria–immune crosstalk and nutritional regulation on their interplay, with an aim to provide novel insights that can aid in understanding their interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
1539
|
Mullineaux-Sanders C, Suez J, Elinav E, Frankel G. Sieving through gut models of colonization resistance. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:132-140. [PMID: 29358683 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative high-throughput genomics and metabolomics technologies has considerably expanded our understanding of the commensal microorganisms residing within the human body, collectively termed the microbiota. In recent years, the microbiota has been reported to have important roles in multiple aspects of human health, pathology and host-pathogen interactions. One function of commensals that has attracted particular interest is their role in protection against pathogens and pathobionts, a concept known as colonization resistance. However, pathogens are also able to sense and exploit the microbiota during infection. Therefore, obtaining a holistic understanding of colonization resistance mechanisms is essential for the development of microbiome-based and microbiome-targeting therapies for humans and animals. Achieving this is dependent on utilizing physiologically relevant animal models. In this Perspective, we discuss the colonization resistance functions of the gut microbiota and sieve through the advantages and limitations of murine models commonly used to study such mechanisms within the context of enteric bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mullineaux-Sanders
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jotham Suez
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gad Frankel
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
1540
|
Alfa MJ, Strang D, Tappia PS, Olson N, DeGagne P, Bray D, Murray BL, Hiebert B. A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch MSPrebiotic® on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:260. [PMID: 29410955 PMCID: PMC5787146 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions in North America. Recent evidence suggests that prebiotics can modulate the gut microbiome, which then plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism, blood glucose, and insulin sensitivity. As such, prebiotics are appealing potential therapeutic strategies for prediabetes and T2D. The key objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability as well as the glucose and insulin modulating ability of MSPrebiotic® digestion resistant starch (DRS) in healthy mid-age (MID) and elderly (ELD) adults. Materials and methods This was a prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study. Prediabetes and diabetes were among the exclusion factors. ELD (>70 years) and MID (30–50 years) Canadian adults were recruited and, after 2 weeks of consuming placebo, they were randomized to consume 30 g of either MSPrebiotic® or placebo per day for 12 weeks. In total, 42 ELD and 42 MID participants completed the study. Blood samples were collected over the 14-week study and analyzed for glucose, lipid profile, and CRP, lipid particles, TNF-α, IL-10, insulin, and insulin resistance (IR). Results At baseline, the ELD population had a significantly higher percentage (p < 0.01) with elevated glucose and significantly higher TNF-α (p < 0.01) compared to MID adults. MSPrebiotic® DRS was well tolerated in both MID and ELD adults. There was a significant difference over time in blood glucose (p = 0.0301) and insulin levels (p = 0.009), as well as IR (HOMA-IR; p = 0.009) in ELD adults who consumed MSPrebiotic® compared to placebo. No significant changes were found in MID adults. Conclusion Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with prebiotics such as MSPrebiotic® may be part of an effective strategy to reduce IR, a major risk factor for developing T2D, in the ELD. Clinical Trial Registration NCT01977183 listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov, The metadata generated in this study have been submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/381931).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Alfa
- St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Nancy Olson
- St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pat DeGagne
- St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David Bray
- St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Brett Hiebert
- Cardiac Sciences Program, I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
1541
|
A slippery slope: On the origin, role and physiology of mucus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:16-33. [PMID: 29108861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, nose, lungs, cervix and vagina is lined by epithelium interspersed with mucus-secreting goblet cells, all of which contribute to their unique functions. This mucus provides an integral defence to the epithelium against noxious agents and pathogens. However, it can equally act as a barrier to drugs and delivery systems targeting epithelial passive and active transport mechanisms. This review highlights the various mucins expressed at different mucosal surfaces on the human body, and their role in creating a mucoid architecture to protect epithelia with specialized functions. Various factors compromising the barrier properties of mucus have been discussed, with an emphasis on how disease states and microbiota can alter the physical properties of mucus. For instance, Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium found in higher levels in the gut of lean individuals induces the production of a thickened gut mucus layer. The aims of this article are to elucidate the different physiological, biochemical and physical properties of bodily mucus, a keen appreciation of which will help circumvent the slippery slope of challenges faced in achieving effective mucosal drug and gene delivery.
Collapse
|
1542
|
Pellizzon MA, Ricci MR. The common use of improper control diets in diet-induced metabolic disease research confounds data interpretation: the fiber factor. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29371873 PMCID: PMC5769545 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets used to induce metabolic disease are generally high in fat and refined carbohydrates and importantly, are usually made with refined, purified ingredients. However, researchers will often use a low fat grain-based (GB) diet containing unrefined ingredients as the control diet. Such a comparison between two completely different diet types makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the phenotypic differences driven by diet. While many compositional differences can account for this, one major difference that could have the greatest impact between GB and purified diets is the fiber content, both in terms of the level and composition. We will review recent data showing how fiber differences between GB diets and purified diets can significantly influence gut health and microbiota, which itself can affect metabolic disease development. Researchers need to consider the control diet carefully in order to make the best use of precious experimental resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Ricci
- Research Diets, Inc, 20 Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| |
Collapse
|
1543
|
Barko P, McMichael M, Swanson K, Williams D. The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:9-25. [PMID: 29171095 PMCID: PMC5787212 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome is a diverse consortium of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that inhabit the gut of all mammals. Studies in humans and other mammals have implicated the microbiome in a range of physiologic processes that are vital to host health including energy homeostasis, metabolism, gut epithelial health, immunologic activity, and neurobehavioral development. The microbial genome confers metabolic capabilities exceeding those of the host organism alone, making the gut microbiome an active participant in host physiology. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational biology have revolutionized the field of microbiomics, permitting mechanistic evaluation of the relationships between an animal and its microbial symbionts. Changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with diseases in humans and animals including inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, immune-mediated conditions, and neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. While there remains a paucity of data regarding the intestinal microbiome in small animals, recent studies have helped to characterize its role in host animal health and associated disease states. This review is intended to familiarize small animal veterinarians with recent advances in the field of microbiomics and to prime them for a future in which diagnostic tests and therapies will incorporate these developments into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.C. Barko
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL
| | - M.A. McMichael
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL
| | - K.S. Swanson
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL
| | - D.A. Williams
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL
| |
Collapse
|
1544
|
Fu L, Geng S, Chen H, Yang Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Extraction of Deoiled Walnut Dietary Fibers and Effects of Particle Sizes on the Physiochemical Properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luying Fu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Shuwen Geng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Runguang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
| |
Collapse
|
1545
|
Alterations in the amounts of microbial metabolites in different regions of the mouse large intestine using variably fermentable fibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
1546
|
Moran-Ramos S, López-Contreras BE, Canizales-Quinteros S. Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Matter of Composition or Functionality? Arch Med Res 2017; 48:735-753. [PMID: 29292011 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic and the metabolic complications derived from it represent a major public health challenge worldwide. Although obesity is a multifactorial disease, research from the past decade suggests that the gut microbiota interacts with host genetics and diet, as well as with other environmental factors, and thus contributes to the development of obesity and related complications. Despite abundant research on animal models, substantial evidence from humans has only started to accumulate over the past few years. Thus, the aim of the present review is to discuss structural and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome in human obesity, challenges associated with multi-omic technologies, and advances in identifying microbial metabolites with a direct link to obesity and metabolic complications. To date, studies suggests that obesity is related to low microbial diversity and taxon depletion sometimes resulting from an interaction with host dietary habits and genotype. These findings support the idea that the depletion or absence of certain taxa leaves an empty niche, likely leading to compromised functionality and thus promoting dysbiosis. Although the role of altered gut microbiota as cause or consequence of obesity remains controversial, research on microbial genomes and metabolites points towards an increased extraction of energy from the diet in obesity and suggests that metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide or branched-chain amino acids, participate in metabolic complications. Future research should be focused on structural and functional levels to unravel the mechanism linking gut microbiota and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moran-Ramos
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Ciudad de México, México; Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Blanca E López-Contreras
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
1547
|
Bik EM, Ugalde JA, Cousins J, Goddard AD, Richman J, Apte ZS. Microbial biotransformations in the human distal gut. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:4404-4414. [PMID: 29116650 PMCID: PMC6255956 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human distal gut is home to a rich and dense microbial community with representatives of all three domains of life which are intricately connected with our physiology and health. The combined genomes of these microbes, collectively called the human microbiome, vastly expand the metabolic capacities of our own genome, allowing us to break down and extract energy from dietary compounds that human enzymes cannot digest. In addition, the variable composition of these communities and their biotransformations might explain inter-individual differences in toxicities, tolerances and efficacies for certain drugs. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have provided exciting new insights into the genomes of our microbial symbionts, their functional capacities and the interactions between these microbes and their human host. This review summarizes the metabolic conversions of dietary components and pharmaceuticals that take place in the human distal gut, as well as their implications for human health. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zachary S Apte
- uBiome, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1548
|
Liu P, Zhao J, Guo P, Lu W, Geng Z, Levesque CL, Johnston LJ, Wang C, Liu L, Zhang J, Ma N, Qiao S, Ma X. Dietary Corn Bran Fermented by Bacillus subtilis MA139 Decreased Gut Cellulolytic Bacteria and Microbiota Diversity in Finishing Pigs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:526. [PMID: 29312900 PMCID: PMC5744180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation of feedstuffs by Bacillus subtilis MA139 can reduce insoluble dietary fiber content in vitro and improve growth performance in pigs. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn bran (CB) fermented by B. subtilis on growth performance and gut microbiota composition in finishing pigs. A total of 60 finishing pigs were allocated to 3 dietary treatments consisting of a control (CON) diet, a 10% CB diet, and a 10% fermented CB (FCB) diet in a 21 d feeding trial. Growth performance and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Fecal samples were determined for bacterial community diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The dietary CB and FCB did not affect growth performance of finishing pigs. The digestibility of organic matter was decreased in both CB and FCB treatments compared with CON group (P < 0.05). The α-diversity for bacterial community analysis of Chao 1 in FCB treatment was lower than CON treatment (P < 0.05). The Fibrobacteres phylum belongs to cellulolytic bacteria was isolated, and their relative abundance in CB group showed no difference between CON and FCB treatments. The abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group in CB treatment was higher than CON and FCB groups (P < 0.05), whereas the population of norank_f_Prevotellaceae was higher in FCB group compared to CON and CB groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary FCB decreased the abundance of bacterial communities, particularly the population of bacteria related to cellulolytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengying Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, United States
| | - Chunlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
1549
|
Abstract
It has become apparent that the intestinal microbiota orchestrates important aspects of our metabolism, immunity, and development. Recent work has demonstrated that the microbiota also influences brain function in healthy and diseased individuals. Of great interest are reports that intestinal bacteria play a role in the pathogenic cascade of both Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. These neurodegenerative disorders both involve misfolding of endogenous proteins that spreads from one region of the body to another in a manner analogous to prions. The mechanisms of how the microbiota influences or is correlated with disease require elaboration. Microbial proteins or metabolites may influence neurodegeneration through the promotion of amyloid formation by human proteins or by enhancing inflammatory responses to endogenous neuronal amyloids. We review the current knowledge concerning bacterial amyloids and their potential to influence cerebral amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation. We propose the term “mapranosis” to describe the process of microbiota-associated proteopathy and neuroinflammation. The study of amyloid proteins made by the microbiota and their influence on health and disease is in its infancy. This is a promising area for therapeutic intervention because there are many ways to alter our microbial partners and their products, including amyloid proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
1550
|
Schroeder BO, Birchenough GMH, Ståhlman M, Arike L, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC, Bäckhed F. Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 23:27-40.e7. [PMID: 29276171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern O Schroeder
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George M H Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liisa Arike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|