1601
|
Wang Q, Huang SQ, Li CQ, Xu Q, Zeng QP. Akkermansia muciniphila May Determine Chondroitin Sulfate Ameliorating or Aggravating Osteoarthritis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1955. [PMID: 29062308 PMCID: PMC5640718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has shown either ameliorating or aggravating effects on osteoarthritis (OA) in separately conducted clinical trials. Because CS is usually administered orally, it should be affected by or would impact on the individual gut microbiota. Evidence is accumulating that CS can nourish sulfatase-secreting bacteria (SSB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). To decipher how can an individual gut microbiota determine the clinical values of CS for treatment on OA, we suggest here that CS would give distinct outcomes for OA treatment depending on Akkermansia muciniphila, a gut commensal probiotic bacterial species as optimal presence albeit also behaving as mucus-eroding bacteria (MEB) when abundant presence. Briefly, CS would ameliorate OA if A. muciniphila is present due to without overgrowth of SSB and SRB, whereas CS would aggravate OA if A. muciniphila is absent because of failure in or lack of competition with abundant SSB and SRB. By noting such a frequently ignored phenomenon, we urge the development of non-orally administering CS to minimize its side-effects and extend it to other medicinal applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Qing Huang
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ping Zeng
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
1602
|
Al-Saedi F, Vaz DP, Stones DH, Krachler AM. 3-Sulfogalactosyl-dependent adhesion of Escherichia coli HS multivalent adhesion molecule is attenuated by sulfatase activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19792-19803. [PMID: 28982977 PMCID: PMC5712619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to host receptors is an early and essential step in bacterial colonization, and the nature of adhesin–receptor interactions determines bacterial localization and thus the outcome of these interactions. Here, we determined the host receptors for the multivalent adhesion molecule (MAM) from the gut commensal Escherichia coli HS (MAMHS), which contains an array of seven mammalian cell entry domains. The MAMHS adhesin interacted with a range of host receptors, through recognition of a shared 3-O-sulfogalactosyl moiety. This functional group is also found in mucin, a component of the intestinal mucus layer and thus one of the prime adherence targets for commensal E. coli. Mucin gels impeded the motility of E. coli by acting as a physical barrier, and the barrier effect was enhanced by specific interactions between mucin and MAMHS in a sulfation-dependent manner. Desulfation of mucin by pure sulfatase or the sulfatase-producing commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron decreased binding of E. coli to mucin and increased the attachment of bacteria to the epithelial surface via interactions with surface-localized sulfated lipid and protein receptors. Together, our results demonstrate that the E. coli adhesin MAMHS facilitates retention of a gut commensal by attachment to mucin. They further suggest that the amount of sulfatase secreted by mucin-foraging bacteria such as B. thetaiotaomicron, inhabiting the same niche, may affect the capacity of the mucus barrier to retain commensal E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fitua Al-Saedi
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom and
| | - Diana Pereira Vaz
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom and.,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Daniel H Stones
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom and
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
1603
|
Sommer F, Rühlemann MC, Bang C, Höppner M, Rehman A, Kaleta C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Dempfle A, Weidinger S, Ellinghaus E, Krauss-Etschmann S, Schmidt-Arras D, Aden K, Schulte D, Ellinghaus D, Schreiber S, Tholey A, Rupp J, Laudes M, Baines JF, Rosenstiel P, Franke A. Microbiomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases: caveats come with caviar. Gut 2017; 66:1734-1738. [PMID: 28733278 PMCID: PMC5595102 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Höppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Phillippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plon, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1604
|
Weiss E, Katta R. Diet and rosacea: the role of dietary change in the management of rosacea. Dermatol Pract Concept 2017; 7:31-37. [PMID: 29214107 PMCID: PMC5718124 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0704a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary change may play a role in the therapy of rosacea. Certain foods and beverages may act as "triggers" for rosacea exacerbations. These may be divided into heat-related, alcohol-related, capsaicin-related, and cinnamaldehyde-related. One potential pathogenic mechanism may be via the activation of transient receptor potential cation channels, which result in neurogenic vasodilatation. Further research is needed on the role of the gut skin connection in rosacea. Epidemiologic studies suggest that patients with rosacea have a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disease, and one study reported improvement in rosacea following successful treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. While further research is required in this area, patients may be advised on measures to support a healthy gut microbiome, including the consumption of a fiber-rich (prebiotic) diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Weiss
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
1605
|
Regulation of inflammation by microbiota interactions with the host. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:851-860. [PMID: 28722709 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of the intestinal microbiota has begun to shift from cataloging individual members of the commensal community to understanding their contributions to the physiology of the host organism in health and disease. Here, we review the effects of the microbiome on innate and adaptive immunological players from epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells to innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells. We discuss recent studies that have identified diverse microbiota-derived bioactive molecules and their effects on inflammation within the intestine and distally at sites as anatomically remote as the brain. Finally, we highlight new insights into how the microbiome influences the host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as susceptibility to autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
1606
|
Abstract
The human intestine harbors a dense microbial ecosystem (microbiota) that is different between individuals, dynamic over time, and critical for aspects of health and disease. Dietary polysaccharides directly shape the microbiota because of a gap in human digestive physiology, which is equipped to assimilate only proteins, lipids, simple sugars, and starch, leaving nonstarch polysaccharides as major nutrients reaching the microbiota. A mutualistic role of gut microbes is to digest dietary complex carbohydrates, liberating host-absorbable energy via fermentation products. Emerging data indicate that polysaccharides play extensive roles in host-gut microbiota symbiosis beyond dietary polysaccharide digestion, including microbial interactions with endogenous host glycans and the importance of microbial polysaccharides. In this review, we consider multiple mechanisms through which polysaccharides mediate aspects of host-microbe symbiosis in the gut, including some affecting health. As host and microbial metabolic pathways are intimately connected with diet, we highlight the potential to manipulate this system for health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Porter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
| |
Collapse
|
1607
|
van den Hoogen WJ, Laman JD, 't Hart BA. Modulation of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Model Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Food and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1081. [PMID: 28928747 PMCID: PMC5591889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination, axonal damage, and symptoms such as fatigue and disability. Although the cause of MS is not known, the infiltration of peripherally activated immune cells into the CNS has a key pathogenic role. Accumulating evidence supports an important role of diet and gut microbiota in immune-mediated diseases. Preclinical as well as clinical studies suggest a role for gut microbiota and dietary components in MS. Here, we review these recent studies on gut microbiota and dietary interventions in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We also propose directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
1608
|
Arkan MC. The intricate connection between diet, microbiota, and cancer: A jigsaw puzzle. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:35-42. [PMID: 28870704 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community has a decisive role in determining our health and disease susceptibility. Presumably, this is closely associated with the complex community network of bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses that reside our guts. This dynamic ecosystem exists in a symbiotic relationship with its host and plays a fundamental role in the hosts' physiological functions. The microbial community is highly personalized and therefore exhibits a high degree of inter-individual variability, which is dependent on host specifics such as genetic background, physiology and lifestyle. Although the gut microbiota is shaped early on during birth, there are several factors that affect the composition of microbiota during childhood and adulthood. Among them diet appears to be a consistent and prominent one. The metabolic activity of bacteria affects food digestion, absorption, energy production, and immunity. Thus, definition of the microbiota composition and functional profiles in response to a particular diet may lead to critical information on the direct and indirect role/use of the bacterial community during health and disease. In this review, I discuss gut microbiota and its potential link to cancer with specific emphasis on metabolism and diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melek Canan Arkan
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany; Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer Haus, Frankfurt, 60596, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
1609
|
Genome-Scale Model and Omics Analysis of Metabolic Capacities of Akkermansia muciniphila Reveal a Preferential Mucin-Degrading Lifestyle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01014-17. [PMID: 28687644 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01014-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and activity of the microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract are primarily shaped by nutrients derived from either food or the host. Bacteria colonizing the mucus layer have evolved to use mucin as a carbon and energy source. One of the members of the mucosa-associated microbiota is Akkermansia muciniphila, which is capable of producing an extensive repertoire of mucin-degrading enzymes. To further study the substrate utilization abilities of A. muciniphila, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model to test amino acid auxotrophy, vitamin biosynthesis, and sugar-degrading capacities. The model-supported predictions were validated by in vitro experiments, which showed A. muciniphila to be able to utilize the mucin-derived monosaccharides fucose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Growth was also observed on N-acetylgalactosamine, even though the metabolic model did not predict this. The uptake of these sugars, as well as the nonmucin sugar glucose, was enhanced in the presence of mucin, indicating that additional mucin-derived components are needed for optimal growth. An analysis of whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) comparing the gene expression of A. muciniphila grown on mucin with that of the same bacterium grown on glucose confirmed the activity of the genes involved in mucin degradation and revealed most of these to be upregulated in the presence of mucin. The transcriptional response was confirmed by a proteome analysis, altogether revealing a hierarchy in the use of sugars and reflecting the adaptation of A. muciniphila to the mucosal environment. In conclusion, these findings provide molecular insights into the lifestyle of A. muciniphila and further confirm its role as a mucin specialist in the gut.IMPORTANCEAkkermansia muciniphila is among the most abundant mucosal bacteria in humans and in a wide range of other animals. Recently, A. muciniphila has attracted considerable attention because of its capacity to protect against diet-induced obesity in mouse models. However, the physiology of A. muciniphila has not been studied in detail. Hence, we constructed a genome-scale model and describe its validation by transcriptomic and proteomic approaches on bacterial cells grown on mucus and glucose, a nonmucus sugar. The results provide detailed molecular insight into the mucus-degrading lifestyle of A. muciniphila and further confirm the role of this mucin specialist in producing propionate and acetate under conditions of the intestinal tract.
Collapse
|
1610
|
Ravcheev DA, Thiele I. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. Front Genet 2017; 8:111. [PMID: 28912798 PMCID: PMC5583593 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. Both commensals and pathogens can utilize mucin glycans. Commensals are mostly involved in the cleavage of glycans, while pathogens mostly utilize monosaccharides released by commensals. This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Ravcheev
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ines Thiele
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
1611
|
Heintz-Buschart A, Pandey U, Wicke T, Sixel-Döring F, Janzen A, Sittig-Wiegand E, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH, Mollenhauer B, Wilmes P. The nasal and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 2017; 33:88-98. [PMID: 28843021 PMCID: PMC5811909 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence connects the gut microbiota and the onset and/or phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD). Differences in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa have been reported in PD patients. It is, however, unknown whether these differences can be observed in individuals at high risk, for example, with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, a prodromal condition of α‐synuclein aggregation disorders including PD. Objectives To compare microbiota in carefully preserved nasal wash and stool samples of subjects with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, manifest PD, and healthy individuals. Methods Microbiota of flash‐frozen stool and nasal wash samples from 76 PD patients, 21 idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients, and 78 healthy controls were assessed by 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Seventy variables, related to demographics, clinical parameters including nonmotor symptoms, and sample processing, were analyzed in relation to microbiome variability and controlled differential analyses were performed. Results Differentially abundant gut microbes, such as Akkermansia, were observed in PD, but no strong differences in nasal microbiota. Eighty percent of the differential gut microbes in PD versus healthy controls showed similar trends in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, for example, Anaerotruncus and several Bacteroides spp., and correlated with nonmotor symptoms. Metagenomic sequencing of select samples enabled the reconstruction of genomes of so far uncharacterized differentially abundant organisms. Conclusion Our study reveals differential abundances of gut microbial taxa in PD and its prodrome idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in comparison to the healthy controls, and highlights the potential of metagenomics to identify and characterize microbial taxa, which are enriched or depleted in PD and/or idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Urvashi Pandey
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara Wicke
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Neurosurgery, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Neurology, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
1612
|
Butyrate Supplementation at High Concentrations Alters Enteric Bacterial Communities and Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in Mice Infected with Citrobacter rodentium. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00243-17. [PMID: 28861518 PMCID: PMC5566833 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00243-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study findings provide evidence that administration of butyrate in a dose-dependent manner can improve the weight gain of infected mice, enhance clearance of the infection, reduce inflammation through altered cytokine expression, and enhance tissue repair and mucus secretion. Moreover, butyrate treatment also affected the abundance of bacterial populations in both noninflamed and inflamed intestines. Notably, this investigation provides foundational information that can be used to determine the effects of prebiotics and other functional foods on the production of butyrate by enteric bacteria and their impact on intestinal health and host well-being. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid by-product of the microbial fermentation of dietary fermentable materials in the large intestine; it is the main energy source for enterocyte regeneration, modulates the enteric microbial community, and contributes to increasing host health via mechanisms that are relatively poorly defined. Limited research has examined the therapeutic potential of butyrate using models of enteric inflammation incited by pathogenic organisms. We used Citrobacter rodentium to incite acute Th1/Th17 inflammation to ascertain the impact of butyrate on the host-microbiota relationship. Rectal administration of 140 mM butyrate to mice increased fecal concentrations of butyrate and increased food consumption and weight gain in mice infected with C. rodentium. Histological scores of colonic inflammation were lower in infected mice administered 140 mM butyrate. Expression of Il10, Tgfβ, and Muc2 was elevated in noninfected mice administered butyrate in comparison to mice not administered butyrate. Infected mice administered butyrate displayed elevated expression of genes necessary for pathogen clearance (i.e., Il17A and Il1β) and of genes involved in epithelial barrier repair and restoration (i.e., Relmβ, Tff3, and Myd88). Butyrate supplemented to inflamed colons increased the abundances of Proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae and reduced the abundance of Clostridiaceae species. Mice with enteritis that were administered butyrate also exhibited an increased abundance of mucus-associated bacteria. In summary, rectal administration of butyrate increased feed consumption and weight gain, ameliorated C. rodentium-induced cell injury through enhanced expression of immune regulation and tissue repair mechanisms, and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in mice with enteritis. IMPORTANCE The study findings provide evidence that administration of butyrate in a dose-dependent manner can increase weight gain in infected mice, enhance clearance of the infection, reduce inflammation through altered cytokine expression, and enhance tissue repair and mucus secretion. Moreover, butyrate treatment also affected the abundance of bacterial populations in both noninflamed and inflamed intestines. Notably, this investigation provides foundational information that can be used to determine the effects of prebiotics and other functional foods on the production of butyrate by enteric bacteria and their impact on intestinal health and host well-being.
Collapse
|
1613
|
Wong WF, Santiago M. Microbial approaches for targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1047-1053. [PMID: 28771951 PMCID: PMC5609231 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacterial infections are a global public health challenge that has been increasing in severity and scope for the last few decades. Without creative solutions to this problem, treatment of injuries and infections will become progressively more challenging. A better understanding of the human microbiome has led to a new appreciation for the role commensal microbes play in protecting us from pathogens, especially in the gut. Antibiotics lead to disruption of the gut microbial ecosystem, enabling colonization by antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. Many different lines of research have identified specific bacterial taxa and mechanisms that play a role in colonization resistance, and these lines of research may one day lead to microbial therapeutics targeting antibiotic resistant bacteria. Here, we discuss a few of these strategies and the challenges they will need to overcome in order to become an effective therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Fei Wong
- OpenBiome, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Marina Santiago
- Finch Therapeutics, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1614
|
Flynn JM, Phan C, Hunter RC. Genome-Wide Survey of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 Reveals a Role for the Glyoxylate Pathway and Extracellular Proteases in the Utilization of Mucin. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00182-17. [PMID: 28507068 PMCID: PMC5520445 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00182-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway infections by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Although this bacterium has been extensively studied for its virulence determinants, biofilm growth, and immune evasion mechanisms, comparatively little is known about the nutrient sources that sustain its growth in vivo Respiratory mucins represent a potentially abundant bioavailable nutrient source, although we have recently shown that canonical pathogens inefficiently use these host glycoproteins as a growth substrate. However, given that P. aeruginosa, particularly in its biofilm mode of growth, is thought to grow slowly in vivo, the inefficient use of mucin glycoproteins may be relevant to its persistence within the CF airways. To this end, we used whole-genome fitness analysis, combining transposon mutagenesis with high-throughput sequencing, to identify genetic determinants required for P. aeruginosa growth using intact purified mucins as a sole carbon source. Our analysis reveals a biphasic growth phenotype, during which the glyoxylate pathway and amino acid biosynthetic machinery are required for mucin utilization. Secondary analyses confirmed the simultaneous liberation and consumption of acetate during mucin degradation and revealed a central role for the extracellular proteases LasB and AprA. Together, these studies describe a molecular basis for mucin-based nutrient acquisition by P. aeruginosa and reveal a host-pathogen dynamic that may contribute to its persistence within the CF airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chi Phan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan C Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1615
|
Kerr J, Anderson C, Lippman SM. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e457-e471. [PMID: 28759385 PMCID: PMC10441558 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lifestyle factors of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and diet are increasingly being studied for their associations with cancer. Physical activity is inversely associated with and sedentary behaviour is positively (and independently) associated with an increased risk of more than ten types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (and advanced adenomas), endometrial cancers, and breast cancer. The most consistent dietary risk factor for premalignant and invasive breast cancer is alcohol, whether consumed during early or late adult life, even at low levels. Epidemiological studies show that the inclusion of wholegrain, fibre, fruits, and vegetables within diets are associated with reduced cancer risk, with diet during early life (age <8 years) having the strongest apparent association with cancer incidence. However, randomised controlled trials of diet-related factors have not yet shown any conclusive associations between diet and cancer incidence. Obesity is a key contributory factor associated with cancer risk and mortality, including in dose-response associations in endometrial and post-menopausal breast cancer, and in degree and duration of fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Obesity produces an inflammatory state, characterised by macrophages clustered around enlarged hypertrophied, dead, and dying adipocytes, forming crown-like structures. Increased concentrations of aromatase and interleukin 6 in inflamed breast tissue and an increased number of macrophages, compared with healthy tissue, are also observed in women with normal body mass index, suggesting a metabolic obesity state. Emerging randomised controlled trials of physical activity and dietary factors and mechanistic studies of immunity, inflammation, extracellular matrix mechanics, epigenetic or transcriptional regulation, protein translation, circadian disruption, and interactions of the multibiome with lifestyle factors will be crucial to advance this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kerr
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Anderson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1616
|
Galloway-Peña J, Brumlow C, Shelburne S. Impact of the Microbiota on Bacterial Infections during Cancer Treatment. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:992-1004. [PMID: 28728967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients being treated for cancer are at high risk for infectious complications, generally due to colonizing organisms that gain access to sterile sites via disrupted epithelial barriers. There is an emerging understanding that the ability of bacterial pathogens, including multidrug-resistant organisms, to colonize and subsequently infect humans is largely dependent on protective bacterial species present in the microbiome. Thus, herein we review recent studies demonstrating strong correlations between the microbiome of the oncology patient and infections occurring during chemotherapy. An increased knowledge of the interplay between potential pathogens, protective commensals, and the host immune system may facilitate the development of novel biomarkers or therapeutics that could help ameliorate the toll that infections take during the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Galloway-Peña
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chelcy Brumlow
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Shelburne
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1617
|
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The human body harbors enormous numbers of microbiota that influence cancer susceptibility, in part through their prodigious metabolic capacity and their profound influence on immune cell function. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15% to 20% of cancer cases. Even larger numbers of malignancies are associated with an altered composition of commensal microbiota (dysbiosis) based on microbiome studies using metagenomic sequencing. Although association studies cannot distinguish whether changes in microbiota are causes or effects of cancer, a causative role is supported by rigorously controlled preclinical studies using gnotobiotic mouse models colonized with one or more specific bacteria. These studies demonstrate that microbiota can alter cancer susceptibility and progression by diverse mechanisms, such as modulating inflammation, inducing DNA damage, and producing metabolites involved in oncogenesis or tumor suppression. Evidence is emerging that microbiota can be manipulated for improving cancer treatment. By incorporating probiotics as adjuvants for checkpoint immunotherapy or by designing small molecules that target microbial enzymes, microbiota can be harnessed to improve cancer care. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:326-344. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadra P. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott J. Bultman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1618
|
Wu H, Esteve E, Tremaroli V, Khan MT, Caesar R, Mannerås-Holm L, Ståhlman M, Olsson LM, Serino M, Planas-Fèlix M, Xifra G, Mercader JM, Torrents D, Burcelin R, Ricart W, Perkins R, Fernàndez-Real JM, Bäckhed F. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med 2017; 23:850-858. [PMID: 28530702 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4345`1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its mechanism of action is poorly defined. Recent evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a site of metformin action. In a double-blind study, we randomized individuals with treatment-naive T2D to placebo or metformin for 4 months and showed that metformin had strong effects on the gut microbiome. These results were verified in a subset of the placebo group that switched to metformin 6 months after the start of the trial. Transfer of fecal samples (obtained before and 4 months after treatment) from metformin-treated donors to germ-free mice showed that glucose tolerance was improved in mice that received metformin-altered microbiota. By directly investigating metformin-microbiota interactions in a gut simulator, we showed that metformin affected pathways with common biological functions in species from two different phyla, and many of the metformin-regulated genes in these species encoded metalloproteins or metal transporters. Our findings provide support for the notion that altered gut microbiota mediates some of metformin's antidiabetic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Esteve
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Tanweer Khan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Mannerås-Holm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Olsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matteo Serino
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mercè Planas-Fèlix
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José Manuel Fernàndez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
1619
|
Effects of Non-Starch Polysaccharides on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071372. [PMID: 28654020 PMCID: PMC5535865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased considerably over the past few decades. In the present review, we discuss several disadvantages existing in the treatment of IBD and current understandings of the structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Available evidences for the use of different sources of NSPs in IBD treatment both in vitro and in vivo are analyzed, including glucan from oat bran, mushroom, seaweed, pectin, gum, prebiotics, etc. Their potential mechanisms, especially their related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of IBD, are also summarized, covering the anti-inflammation, immune-stimulating, and gut microbiota-modulating activities, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, anti-oxidative stress accompanied with inflammation, the promotion of gastric epithelial cell proliferation and tissue healing, and the reduction of the absorption of toxins of NSPs, thus ameliorating the symptoms and reducing the reoccurrence rate of IBD. In summary, NSPs exhibit the potential to be promising agents for an adjuvant therapy and for the prevention of IBD. Further investigating of the crosstalk between immune cells, epithelial cells, and gut microorganisms in addition to evaluating the effects of different kinds and different molecular weights of NSPs will lead to well-designed clinical intervention trials and eventually improve the treatment and prevention of IBD.
Collapse
|
1620
|
Abstract
During the past decade, scientists have made great strides in understanding the microbiome's role in human health. Today, the microbiome has become key in scientific research, therapeutic development, medical treatment, and as a news feature in the media. Most studies have focused on the microbiome of our gut, but recently researchers have turned their attention to other microbiomes, including that of the skin. These studies of gut and skin microbiomes are yielding very informative results, new treatment strategies, and the development of new prebiotic and probiotic products for the treatment of many skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Maguire
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc., 505 Coast Blvd South #208, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Greg Maguire
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc., 505 Coast Blvd South #208, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1621
|
McKenney EA, Greene LK, Drea CM, Yoder AD. Down for the count: Cryptosporidium infection depletes the gut microbiome in Coquerel's sifakas. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2017; 28:1335165. [PMID: 28740461 PMCID: PMC5508644 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome (GMB) is the first line of defense against enteric pathogens, which are a leading cause of disease and mortality worldwide. One such pathogen, the protozoan Cryptosporidium, causes a variety of digestive disorders that can be devastating and even lethal. The Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) – an endangered, folivorous primate endemic to Madagascar – is precariously susceptible to cryptosporidiosis under captive conditions. If left untreated, infection can rapidly advance to morbidity and death. Objective: To gain a richer understanding of the pathophysiology of this pathogen while also improving captive management of endangered species, we examine the impact of cryptosporidiosis on the GMB of a flagship species known to experience a debilitating disease state upon infection. Design: Using 16S sequencing of DNA extracted from sifaka fecal samples, we compared the microbial communities of healthy sifakas to those of infected individuals, across infection and recovery periods. Results: Over the course of infection, we found that the sifaka GMB responds with decreased microbial diversity and increased community dissimilarity. Compared to the GMB of unaffected individuals, as well as during pre-infection and recovery periods, the GMB during active infection was enriched for microbial taxa associated with dysbiosis and rapid transit time. Time to recovery was inversely related to age, with young animals being slowest to recover GMB diversity and full community membership. Antimicrobial treatment during infection caused a significant depletion in GMB diversity. Conclusions: Although individual sifakas show unique trajectories of microbial loss and recolonization in response to infection, recovering sifakas exhibit remarkably consistent patterns, similar to initial community assembly of the GMB in infants. This observation, in particular, provides biological insight into the rules by which the GMB recovers from the disease state. Fecal transfaunation may prove effective in restoring a healthy GMB in animals with specialized diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia K Greene
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Christine M Drea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1622
|
Tabrizian T, Wang D, Guan F, Hu Z, Beck AP, Delahaye F, Huffman DM. Apc inactivation, but not obesity, synergizes with Pten deficiency to drive intestinal stem cell-derived tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:253-265. [PMID: 28351943 PMCID: PMC5505256 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer and can accelerate Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell (ISC)-derived tumorigenesis after the inactivation of Apc However, whether non-canonical pathways involving PI3K-Akt signaling in ISCs can lead to tumor formation, and if this can be further exacerbated by obesity is unknown. Despite the synergy between Pten and Apc inactivation in epithelial cells on intestinal tumor formation, their combined role in Lgr5+-ISCs, which are the most rapidly dividing ISC population in the intestine, is unknown. Lgr5+-GFP mice were provided low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 months, and the transcriptome was evaluated in Lgr5+-ISCs. For tumor studies, Lgr5+-GFP and Lgr5+-GFP-Ptenflox/flox mice were tamoxifen treated to inactivate Pten in ISCs and provided LFD or HFD until 14-15 months of age. Finally, various combinations of Lgr5+-ISC-specific, Apc- and Pten-deleted mice were generated and evaluated for histopathology and survival. HFD did not overtly alter Akt signaling in ISCs, but did increase other metabolic pathways. Pten deficiency, but not HFD, increased BrdU-positive cells in the small intestine (P < 0.05). However, combining Pten and Apc deficiency synergistically increased proliferative markers, tumor pathology and mortality, in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.05). In summary, we show that HFD alone fails to drive Akt signaling in ISCs and that Pten deficiency is dispensable as a tumor suppressor in Lgr5+-ISCs. However, combining Pten and Apc deficiency in ISCs synergistically increases proliferation, tumor formation and mortality. Thus, aberrant Wnt/β-catenin, rather than PI3K-Akt signaling, is requisite for obesity to drive Lgr5+ ISC-derived tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Tabrizian
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Fangxia Guan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zunju Hu
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's HealthAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of PathologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1623
|
Karl JP, Margolis LM, Madslien EH, Murphy NE, Castellani JW, Gundersen Y, Hoke AV, Levangie MW, Kumar R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Martini S, Montain SJ, Pasiakos SM. Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism coincide with increased intestinal permeability in young adults under prolonged physiological stress. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G559-G571. [PMID: 28336545 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude, temporal dynamics, and physiological effects of intestinal microbiome responses to physiological stress are poorly characterized. This study used a systems biology approach and a multiple-stressor military training environment to determine the effects of physiological stress on intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic activity, as well as intestinal permeability (IP). Soldiers (n = 73) were provided three rations per day with or without protein- or carbohydrate-based supplements during a 4-day cross-country ski-march (STRESS). IP was measured before and during STRESS. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after STRESS to measure inflammation, stool microbiota, and stool and plasma global metabolite profiles. IP increased 62 ± 57% (mean ± SD, P < 0.001) during STRESS independent of diet group and was associated with increased inflammation. Intestinal microbiota responses were characterized by increased α-diversity and changes in the relative abundance of >50% of identified genera, including increased abundance of less dominant taxa at the expense of more dominant taxa such as Bacteroides Changes in intestinal microbiota composition were linked to 23% of metabolites that were significantly altered in stool after STRESS. Together, pre-STRESS Actinobacteria relative abundance and changes in serum IL-6 and stool cysteine concentrations accounted for 84% of the variability in the change in IP. Findings demonstrate that a multiple-stressor military training environment induced increases in IP that were associated with alterations in markers of inflammation and with intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Associations between IP, the pre-STRESS microbiota, and microbiota metabolites suggest that targeting the intestinal microbiota could provide novel strategies for preserving IP during physiological stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Military training, a unique model for studying temporal dynamics of intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota responses to stress, resulted in increased intestinal permeability concomitant with changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Prestress intestinal microbiota composition and changes in fecal concentrations of metabolites linked to the microbiota were associated with increased intestinal permeability. Findings suggest that targeting the intestinal microbiota could provide novel strategies for mitigating increases in intestinal permeability during stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - John W Castellani
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | | | - Allison V Hoke
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland.,Geneva Foundation, Fort Detrick, Maryland; and
| | - Michael W Levangie
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland.,Geneva Foundation, Fort Detrick, Maryland; and
| | - Raina Kumar
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland.,Geneva Foundation, Fort Detrick, Maryland; and
| | - Aarti Gautam
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Svein Martini
- Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Scott J Montain
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
1624
|
Okumura R, Takeda K. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e338. [PMID: 28546564 PMCID: PMC5454438 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a unique organ inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms. Intestinal epithelial cells greatly contribute to the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host by constructing mucosal barriers, secreting various immunological mediators and delivering bacterial antigens. Mucosal barriers, including physical barriers and chemical barriers, spatially segregate gut microbiota and the host immune system to avoid unnecessary immune responses to gut microbes, leading to the intestinal inflammation. In addition, various immunological mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, secreted from intestinal epithelial cells stimulated by gut microbiota modulate host immune responses, maintaining a well-balanced relationship between gut microbes and the host immune system. Therefore, impairment of the innate immune functions of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1625
|
Suez J, Elinav E. The path towards microbiome-based metabolite treatment. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17075. [PMID: 28540921 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evidence pointing towards the involvement of the gut microbiome in multiple diseases, as well as its plasticity, renders it a desirable potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, classical therapies based on the consumption of live probiotic bacteria, or their enrichment by prebiotics, exhibit limited efficacy. Recently, a novel therapeutic approach has been suggested based on metabolites secreted, modulated or degraded by the microbiome. As many of the host-microorganism interactions pertaining to human health are mediated by metabolites, this approach may be able to provide therapeutic efficacy while overcoming caveats of current microbiome-targeting therapies, such as colonization resistance and inter-individual variation in microbial composition. In this Perspective, we will discuss the evidence that supports pursuing the metabolite-based therapeutic approach as well as issues critical for its implementation. In a broader context, we will discuss how recent advances in microbiome research may improve and refine current treatment modalities, and the potential of combining them with metabolite-based interventions as a means of achieving a person-specific, integrated and efficient therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jotham Suez
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
1626
|
Sato M, Liebschner D, Yamada Y, Matsugaki N, Arakawa T, Wills SS, Hattie M, Stubbs KA, Ito T, Senda T, Ashida H, Fushinobu S. The first crystal structure of a family 129 glycoside hydrolase from a probiotic bacterium reveals critical residues and metal cofactors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12126-12138. [PMID: 28546425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (NagBb) belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 129 and hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond of Tn-antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). NagBb is involved in assimilation of O-glycans on mucin glycoproteins by B. bifidum in the human gastrointestinal tract, but its catalytic mechanism has remained elusive because of a lack of sequence homology around putative catalytic residues and of other structural information. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of NagBb, representing the first GH129 family structure, solved by the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method based on sulfur atoms of the native protein. We determined ligand-free, GalNAc, and inhibitor complex forms of NagBb and found that Asp-435 and Glu-478 are located in the catalytic domain at appropriate positions for direct nucleophilic attack at the anomeric carbon and proton donation for the glycosidic bond oxygen, respectively. A highly conserved Asp-330 forms a hydrogen bond with the O4 hydroxyl of GalNAc in the -1 subsite, and Trp-398 provides a stacking platform for the GalNAc pyranose ring. Interestingly, a metal ion, presumably Ca2+, is involved in the recognition of the GalNAc N-acetyl group. Mutations at Asp-435, Glu-478, Asp-330, and Trp-398 and residues involved in metal coordination (including an all-Ala quadruple mutant) significantly reduced the activity, indicating that these residues and the metal ion play important roles in substrate recognition and catalysis. Interestingly, NagBb exhibited some structural similarities to the GH101 endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, but several critical differences in substrate recognition and reaction mechanism account for the different activities of these two enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dorothee Liebschner
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Naohiro Matsugaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Siobhán S Wills
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Mitchell Hattie
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa-shi, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
1627
|
Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:598. [PMID: 28588585 PMCID: PMC5440529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial lining, together with factors secreted from it, forms a barrier that separates the host from the environment. In pathologic conditions, the permeability of the epithelial lining may be compromised allowing the passage of toxins, antigens, and bacteria in the lumen to enter the blood stream creating a “leaky gut.” In individuals with a genetic predisposition, a leaky gut may allow environmental factors to enter the body and trigger the initiation and development of autoimmune disease. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota is important in supporting the epithelial barrier and therefore plays a key role in the regulation of environmental factors that enter the body. Several recent reports have shown that probiotics can reverse the leaky gut by enhancing the production of tight junction proteins; however, additional and longer term studies are still required. Conversely, pathogenic bacteria that can facilitate a leaky gut and induce autoimmune symptoms can be ameliorated with the use of antibiotic treatment. Therefore, it is hypothesized that modulating the gut microbiota can serve as a potential method for regulating intestinal permeability and may help to alter the course of autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Mu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jay Kirby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1628
|
Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med 2017; 23:850-858. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
1629
|
Mima K, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Baba H. The microbiome and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:9-15. [PMID: 28527946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome encompasses at least 100 trillion microorganisms that can influence host immunity and disease conditions, including cancer. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers have been associated with poor prognosis owing to their high level of tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that specific microbes and microbial dysbiosis can potentiate hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor development by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, and producing tumor-promoting metabolites. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence not only the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies but also the occurrence of postoperative complications after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, which have been associated with tumor recurrence and worse patient survival in hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Hence, a better understanding of roles of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumors may open opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer through manipulating the gut microbiota by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro- and prebiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
1630
|
Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 2017; 474:1823-1836. [PMID: 28512250 PMCID: PMC5433529 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1651] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota during infancy. Diet is considered as one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the life time. Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. The interpretation of these studies relies on a better understanding of inter-individual variations, heterogeneity of bacterial communities along and across the GI tract, functional redundancy and the need to distinguish cause from effect in states of dysbiosis. This review summarises our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thursby
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
1631
|
Andersen V, Holmskov U, Sørensen SB, Jawhara M, Andersen KW, Bygum A, Hvid L, Grauslund J, Wied J, Glerup H, Fredberg U, Villadsen JA, Kjær SG, Fallingborg J, Moghadd SAGR, Knudsen T, Brodersen J, Frøjk J, Dahlerup JF, Nielsen OH, Christensen R, Bojesen AB, Sorensen GL, Thiel S, Færgeman NJ, Brandslund I, Stensballe A, Schmidt EB, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Rosenstiel P, Raes J, Heitmann B, Boye M, Nielsen CL, Werner L, Kjeldsen J, Ellingsen T. A Proposal for a Study on Treatment Selection and Lifestyle Recommendations in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Danish Multidisciplinary Collaboration on Prognostic Factors and Personalised Medicine. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050499. [PMID: 28505128 PMCID: PMC5452229 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthritides, hidradenitis suppurativa, and immune-mediated uveitis, are treated with biologics targeting the pro-inflammatory molecule tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) (i.e., TNF inhibitors). Approximately one-third of the patients do not respond to the treatment. Genetics and lifestyle may affect the treatment results. The aims of this multidisciplinary collaboration are to identify (1) molecular signatures of prognostic value to help tailor treatment decisions to an individual likely to initiate TNF inhibitor therapy, followed by (2) lifestyle factors that support achievement of optimised treatment outcome. This report describes the establishment of a cohort that aims to obtain this information. Clinical data including lifestyle and treatment response and biological specimens (blood, faeces, urine, and, in IBD patients, intestinal biopsies) are sampled prior to and while on TNF inhibitor therapy. Both hypothesis-driven and data-driven analyses will be performed according to pre-specified protocols including pathway analyses resulting from candidate gene expression analyses and global approaches (e.g., metabolomics, metagenomics, proteomics). The final purpose is to improve the lives of patients suffering from CIDs, by providing tools facilitating treatment selection and dietary recommendations likely to improve the clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | - Mohamad Jawhara
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | - Karina W Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lone Hvid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jimmi Wied
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Henning Glerup
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, University of Aarhus, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Ulrich Fredberg
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, University of Aarhus, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jan Alexander Villadsen
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, University of Aarhus, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren Geill Kjær
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, University of Aarhus, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jan Fallingborg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Seyed A G R Moghadd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Herning, 7400 Herning, Denmark.
| | - Torben Knudsen
- Department of Gastroenterology Hospital of South West Jutland, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Brodersen
- Department of Gastroenterology Hospital of South West Jutland, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Frøjk
- Department of Gastroenterology Hospital of South West Jutland, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Jens F Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology D112, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anders Bo Bojesen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Berit Heitmann
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Part of the Copenhagen University Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Mette Boye
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark.
| | | | - Lars Werner
- The Danish Psoriasis Association, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark.
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
1632
|
Daïen CI, Pinget GV, Tan JK, Macia L. Detrimental Impact of Microbiota-Accessible Carbohydrate-Deprived Diet on Gut and Immune Homeostasis: An Overview. Front Immunol 2017; 8:548. [PMID: 28553291 PMCID: PMC5427073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers are non-digestible polysaccharides functionally known as microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), present in inadequate amounts in the Western diet. MACs are a main source of energy for gut bacteria so the abundance and variety of MACs can modulate gut microbial composition and function. This, in turn, impacts host immunity and health. In preclinical studies, MAC-deprived diet and disruption of gut homeostasis aggravate the development of inflammatory diseases, such as allergies, infections, and autoimmune diseases. The present review provides a synopsis on the impact of a low-MAC diet on gut homeostasis or, more specifically, on gut microbiota, gut epithelium, and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Immediato Daïen
- Nutritional Immunometabolism Node Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- Nutritional Immunometabolism Node Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Kai Tan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Nutritional Immunometabolism Node Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
1633
|
Caballero S, Kim S, Carter RA, Leiner IM, Sušac B, Miller L, Kim GJ, Ling L, Pamer EG. Cooperating Commensals Restore Colonization Resistance to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:592-602.e4. [PMID: 28494240 PMCID: PMC5494988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-mediated microbiota destruction and the consequent loss of colonization resistance can result in intestinal domination with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), leading to bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients. Clearance of VRE remains a challenging goal that, if achieved, would reduce systemic VRE infections and patient-to-patient transmission. Although obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria have been associated with colonization resistance to VRE, the specific bacterial species involved remain undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that a precisely defined consortium of commensal bacteria containing the Clostridium cluster XIVa species Blautia producta and Clostridium bolteae restores colonization resistance against VRE and clears VRE from the intestines of mice. While C. bolteae did not directly mediate VRE clearance, it enabled intestinal colonization with B. producta, which directly inhibited VRE growth. These findings suggest that therapeutic or prophylactic administration of defined bacterial consortia to individuals with compromised microbiota composition may reduce inter-patient transmission and intra-patient dissemination of highly antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caballero
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohn Kim
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca A Carter
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ingrid M Leiner
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bože Sušac
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Liza Miller
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Grace J Kim
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lilan Ling
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1634
|
Kang M, Martin A. Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Unraveling host-microbiota interactions in colitis-associated colorectal cancer development. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:3-13. [PMID: 28465070 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota occurs in many human chronic immune-mediated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Reciprocally, uncontrolled immune responses, that may or may not be induced by dysbiosis, are central to the development of IBD and CAC. There has been a surge of interest in investigating the relationship between microbiota, inflammation and CAC. In this review, we discuss recent findings related to gut microbiota and chronic immune-mediated diseases, such as IBD and CAC. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of chronic inflammation in CAC are examined. Finally, we discuss the development of novel microbiota-based therapeutics for IBD and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Kang
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
1635
|
Tuncil YE, Nakatsu CH, Kazem AE, Arioglu-Tuncil S, Reuhs B, Martens EC, Hamaker BR. Delayed utilization of some fast-fermenting soluble dietary fibers by human gut microbiota when presented in a mixture. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
1636
|
Tropini C, Earle KA, Huang KC, Sonnenburg JL. The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Spatial Organization to Function. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:433-442. [PMID: 28407481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first rudimentary evidence that the human body harbors a microbiota hinted at the complexity of host-associated microbial ecosystems. Now, almost 400 years later, a renaissance in the study of microbiota spatial organization, driven by coincident revolutions in imaging and sequencing technologies, is revealing functional relationships between biogeography and health, particularly in the vertebrate gut. In this Review, we present our current understanding of principles governing the localization of intestinal bacteria, and spatial relationships between bacteria and their hosts. We further discuss important emerging directions that will enable progressing from the inherently descriptive nature of localization and -omics technologies to provide functional, quantitative, and mechanistic insight into this complex ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tropini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristen A Earle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
1637
|
Raninen K, Lappi J, Kolehmainen M, Kolehmainen M, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Raatikainen O. Diet-derived changes by sourdough-fermented rye bread in exhaled breath aspiration ion mobility spectrometry profiles in individuals with mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:987-996. [PMID: 28391735 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1312296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of utilising exhaled breath volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in studying diet-derived metabolic changes was examined. After a four-week initial diet period with white wheat bread (WW), seven participants received in randomised order high-fibre diets containing sourdough whole grain rye bread (WGR) or white wheat bread enriched with bioprocessed rye bran (WW + BRB), both for 4 weeks. Alveolar exhaled breath samples were analysed with ChemPro®100i analyser (Environics OY, Mikkeli, Finland) at the end of each diet period in fasting state and after a standardised meal. The AIMS signal intensities in fasting state were different after the WGR diet as compared to other diets. The result suggests that WGR has metabolic effects not completely explained by the rye fibre content of the diet. This study encourages to utilise the exhaled breath VOC profile analysis as an early screening tool in studying physiological functionality of foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Raninen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Ita-Suomen Yliopisto Kuopion Kampus , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Lappi
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Ita-Suomen Yliopisto Kuopion Kampus , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kolehmainen
- b Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Ita-Suomen Yliopisto Kuopion Kampus , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Ita-Suomen Yliopisto Kuopion Kampus , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- c VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo, Finland
| | - Olavi Raatikainen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Ita-Suomen Yliopisto Kuopion Kampus , Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
1638
|
Chiriac MT, Mahapatro M, Neurath MF, Becker C. The Microbiome in Visceral Medicine: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity and Beyond. Visc Med 2017; 33:153-162. [PMID: 28560232 DOI: 10.1159/000470892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident over the past two decades that the microbiota plays a nurturing role in the development of the immune system. This appears to be important since the amplitude of immune responses has a crucial regulatory function in homeostasis and the prevention of unwanted inflammation. Hence, a malfunctioning gut flora has been shown to play a key role in visceral medicine. Strong evidence demonstrates for example that intestinal inflammation can develop as a result of a dysregulated microbiota, deficient antimicrobial responses, and aberrant bacterial translocation into the bowel wall. In healthy individuals, the bacterial translocation is blocked by a single layer of highly specialized intestinal epithelial cells which forms a strong barrier that lines the gut wall. This structure is responsible for an efficient absorption of nutrients while keeping the luminal flora at bay. In susceptible individuals, for yet incompletely understood reasons, either defective epithelial barrier function or dysregulated microbial composition or microbial pathogens drive intestinal inflammation. Many therapeutic strategies focusing on the modulation of the microbiota have been proposed recently but future research including prospective human studies and gnotobiotic mouse models are still needed to evaluate the contribution and potential therapeutic value of individual bacteria to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea T Chiriac
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1639
|
Lung Homeostasis: Influence of Age, Microbes, and the Immune System. Immunity 2017; 46:549-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
1640
|
Abstract
In this issue of Cell, Desai et al. compare how dietary fiber affects the gut microbiota and susceptibility to disease. They find that a fiber-free diet promotes mucus-degrading bacteria and susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S Gazzaniga
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1641
|
Andersen V, Hansen AK, Heitmann BL. Potential Impact of Diet on Treatment Effect from Anti-TNF Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E286. [PMID: 28294972 PMCID: PMC5372949 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We wanted to investigate the current knowledge on the impact of diet on anti-TNF response in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), to identify dietary factors that warrant further investigations in relation to anti-TNF treatment response, and, finally, to discuss potential strategies for such investigations. PubMed was searched using specified search terms. One small prospective study on diet and anti-TNF treatment in 56 patients with CD found similar remission rates after 56 weeks among 32 patients with good compliance that received concomitant enteral nutrition and 24 with poor compliance that had no dietary restrictions (78% versus 67%, p = 0.51). A meta-analysis of 295 patients found higher odds of achieving clinical remission and remaining in clinical remission among patients on combination therapy with specialised enteral nutrition and Infliximab (IFX) compared with IFX monotherapy (OR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.73-4.31, p < 0.01, OR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.66-5.17, p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, evidence-based knowledge on impact of diet on anti-TNF treatment response for clinical use is scarce. Here we propose a mechanism by which Western style diet high in meat and low in fibre may promote colonic inflammation and potentially impact treatment response to anti-TNF drugs. Further studies using hypothesis-driven and data-driven strategies in prospective observational, animal and interventional studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Centre Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Åbenrå 6200, Denmark.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark.
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark.
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark.
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark.
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
1642
|
de Groot PF, Frissen MN, de Clercq NC, Nieuwdorp M. Fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome: History, present and future. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:253-267. [PMID: 28609252 PMCID: PMC5479392 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1293224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) dates back even to ancient China. Recently, scientific studies have been looking into FMT as a promising treatment of various diseases, while in the process teaching us about the interaction between the human host and its resident microbial communities. Current research focuses mainly on Clostridium difficile infections, however interest is rising in other areas such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the metabolic syndrome. With regard to the latter, the intestinal microbiota might be causally related to the progression of insulin resistance and diabetes. FMT in metabolic syndrome has proven to be an intriguing method to study the role of the gut microbiota and open the way to new therapies by dissecting in whom insulin resistance is driven by microbiota. In this article we review the history of FMT, the present evidence on its role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and its efficacy, limitations and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. F. de Groot
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. N. Frissen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. C. de Clercq
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,ICAR, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT M. Nieuwdorp , Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Meibergdreef 9, room F4–159.2, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
1643
|
Casterline BW, Hecht AL, Choi VM, Bubeck Wardenburg J. The Bacteroides fragilis pathogenicity island links virulence and strain competition. Gut Microbes 2017; 8. [PMID: 28632016 PMCID: PMC5570422 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1290758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature microbiome is a stable ecosystem that resists perturbation despite constant host exposure to exogenous microbes. However, the microbial mechanisms determining microbiome development and composition are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that a non-toxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) strain restricts enteric colonization by an enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strain dependent on a type VI secretion system (T6SS). We show here that a second enterotoxigenic strain is competent to colonize, dependent on the Bacteroides fragilis pathogenicity island (BFPAI). Additional data showing complex environmental regulation of the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) suggest that virulence factors may be adapted to modify the colonic niche to provide a strain-specific colonization advantage. We conclude that more complex models of host-microbe-microbiome interactions are needed to investigate this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Casterline
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron L. Hecht
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivian M. Choi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,CONTACT Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, 4938 Parkview Place Rm 6107, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
1644
|
Lynch JP, Sikder MAA, Curren BF, Werder RB, Simpson J, Cuív PÓ, Dennis PG, Everard ML, Phipps S. The Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Severe Viral Lower Respiratory Infections and Asthma-Food for Thought? Front Immunol 2017; 8:156. [PMID: 28261214 PMCID: PMC5311067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe viral lower respiratory infections are a major cause of infant morbidity. In developing countries, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis induces significant mortality, whereas in developed nations the disease represents a major risk factor for subsequent asthma. Susceptibility to severe RSV-bronchiolitis is governed by gene-environmental interactions that affect the host response to RSV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that the excessive inflammatory response and ensuing immunopathology, typically as a consequence of insufficient immunoregulation, leads to long-term changes in immune cells and structural cells that render the host susceptible to subsequent environmental incursions. Thus, the initial host response to RSV may represent a tipping point in the balance between long-term respiratory health or chronic disease (e.g., asthma). The composition and diversity of the microbiota, which in humans stabilizes in the first year of life, critically affects the development and function of the immune system. Hence, perturbations to the maternal and/or infant microbiota are likely to have a profound impact on the host response to RSV and susceptibility to childhood asthma. Here, we review recent insights describing the effects of the microbiota on immune system homeostasis and respiratory disease and discuss the environmental factors that promote microbial dysbiosis in infancy. Ultimately, this knowledge will be harnessed for the prevention and treatment of severe viral bronchiolitis as a strategy to prevent the onset and development of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Lynch
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Md. Al Amin Sikder
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bodie F. Curren
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B. Werder
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Páraic Ó Cuív
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul G. Dennis
- The School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark L. Everard
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Laboratory of Respiratory Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
1645
|
Abstract
Chemists demonstrate in Cell that intestinal microbes are capable of synthesizing metabolites that look like clinical drugs and inhibit human targets. These results provide molecular resolution to the field of mammalian-microbial mutualism and highlight the potential for natural product discovery from the multitudes within us.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1646
|
von Martels JZH, Sadaghian Sadabad M, Bourgonje AR, Blokzijl T, Dijkstra G, Faber KN, Harmsen HJM. The role of gut microbiota in health and disease: In vitro modeling of host-microbe interactions at the aerobe-anaerobe interphase of the human gut. Anaerobe 2017; 44:3-12. [PMID: 28062270 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of the gut has many crucial functions in human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiota has been correlated to a large and still increasing number of diseases. Recent studies have mostly focused on analyzing the associations between disease and an aberrant microbiota composition. Functional studies using (in vitro) gut models are required to investigate the precise interactions that occur between specific bacteria (or bacterial mixtures) and gut epithelial cells. As most gut bacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, studying their effect on oxygen-requiring human gut epithelial cells is technically challenging. Still, several (anaerobic) bacterial-epithelial co-culture systems have recently been developed that mimic host-microbe interactions occurring in the human gut, including 1) the Transwell "apical anaerobic model of the intestinal epithelial barrier", 2) the Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module, 3) the "Human oxygen-Bacteria anaerobic" (HoxBan) system, 4) the human gut-on-a-chip and 5) the HuMiX model. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in health and disease and gives an overview of the characteristics and applications of these novel host-microbe co-culture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Z H von Martels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mehdi Sadaghian Sadabad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
1647
|
|
1648
|
|
1649
|
Fabbiano S, Suárez-Zamorano N, Trajkovski M. Host-Microbiota Mutualism in Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:267. [PMID: 29056925 PMCID: PMC5635267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a plastic ecosystem that is shaped by environmental and genetic factors, interacting with virtually all tissues of the host. Many signals result from the interplay between the microbiota with its mammalian symbiont that can lead to altered metabolism. Disruptions in the microbial composition are associated with a number of comorbidities linked to the metabolic syndrome. Promoting the niche expansion of beneficial bacteria through diet and supplements can improve metabolic disorders. Reintroducing bacteria through probiotic treatment or fecal transplant is a strategy under active investigation for multiple pathological conditions. Here, we review the recent knowledge of microbiota's contribution to host pathology, the modulation of the microbiota by dietary habits, and the potential therapeutic benefits of reshaping the gut bacterial landscape in context of metabolic disorders such as obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fabbiano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Diabetes Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Diabetes Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Diabetes Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mirko Trajkovski,
| |
Collapse
|
1650
|
Shang W, Si X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Strappe P, Blanchard C. Characterization of fecal fat composition and gut derived fecal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats following intervention with chito-oligosaccharide and resistant starch complexes. Food Funct 2017; 8:4374-4383. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study analyzed the different effects of intervention in high-fat diet fed rats using chito-oligosaccharides (CO group), resistant starch (RS group) and their complexes (CO–RS group), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Xu Si
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences
- Central Queensland University
- Rockhampton
- Australia
| | - Chris Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains
- Charles Sturt University
- Wagga Wagga
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|