151
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Koganti PP, Wang J, Cleveland B, Ma H, Weber GM, Yao J. Estradiol regulates expression of miRNAs associated with myogenesis in rainbow trout. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:1-14. [PMID: 28011237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone that negatively affects muscle growth in rainbow trout, but the mechanism associated with this response is not fully understood. To better characterize the effects of E2 on muscle, we identified differentially regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and muscle atrophy-related transcripts in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to E2. Small RNA-Seq analysis of E2-treated vs. control muscle identified 36 differentially expressed miRNAs including those known to be involved in myogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell death. Some important myogenic miRNAs, such as miR-133 and miR-206, are upregulated while others like miR-145 and miR-499, are downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis of the target genes regulated by the miRNAs involved in atrophy and cell cycle indicates that E2 influence leads to expansion of quiescent myogenic precursor cell population to address atrophying mature muscle in rainbow trout during sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi P Koganti
- Genetics and Developmental Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Genetics and Developmental Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Beth Cleveland
- USDA/ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture Research, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Hao Ma
- USDA/ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture Research, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Gregory M Weber
- USDA/ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture Research, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Jianbo Yao
- Genetics and Developmental Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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152
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Witt R, Weigand A, Boos AM, Cai A, Dippold D, Boccaccini AR, Schubert DW, Hardt M, Lange C, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Beier JP. Mesenchymal stem cells and myoblast differentiation under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation for 3D skeletal muscle tissue engineering. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28245809 PMCID: PMC5331627 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Volumetric muscle loss caused by trauma or after tumour surgery exceeds the natural regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle. Hence, the future goal of tissue engineering (TE) is the replacement and repair of lost muscle tissue by newly generating skeletal muscle combining different cell sources, such as myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), within a three-dimensional matrix. Latest research showed that seeding skeletal muscle cells on aligned constructs enhance the formation of myotubes as well as cell alignment and may provide a further step towards the clinical application of engineered skeletal muscle. In this study the myogenic differentiation potential of MSCs upon co-cultivation with myoblasts and under stimulation with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was evaluated. We further analysed the behaviour of MSC-myoblast co-cultures in different 3D matrices. Results Primary rat myoblasts and rat MSCs were mono- and co-cultivated for 2, 7 or 14 days. The effect of different concentrations of HGF and IGF-1 alone, as well as in combination, on myogenic differentiation was analysed using microscopy, multicolour flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Furthermore, the influence of different three-dimensional culture models, such as fibrin, fibrin-collagen-I gels and parallel aligned electrospun poly-ε-caprolacton collagen-I nanofibers, on myogenic differentiation was analysed. MSCs could be successfully differentiated into the myogenic lineage both in mono- and in co-cultures independent of HGF and IGF-1 stimulation by expressing desmin, myocyte enhancer factor 2, myosin heavy chain 2 and alpha-sarcomeric actinin. An increased expression of different myogenic key markers could be observed under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation. Even though, stimulation with HGF/IGF-1 does not seem essential for sufficient myogenic differentiation. Three-dimensional cultivation in fibrin-collagen-I gels induced higher levels of myogenic differentiation compared with two-dimensional experiments. Cultivation on poly-ε-caprolacton-collagen-I nanofibers induced parallel alignment of cells and positive expression of desmin. Conclusions In this study, we were able to myogenically differentiate MSC upon mono- and co-cultivation with myoblasts. The addition of HGF/IGF-1 might not be essential for achieving successful myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, with the development of a biocompatible nanofiber scaffold we established the basis for further experiments aiming at the generation of functional muscle tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-017-0131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Witt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Cai
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Dippold
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Interdisciplinary Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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153
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Vélez EJ, Azizi S, Lutfi E, Capilla E, Moya A, Navarro I, Fernández-Borràs J, Blasco J, Gutiérrez J. Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R643-R653. [PMID: 28228414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00308.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Swimming activity primarily accelerates growth in fish by increasing protein synthesis and energy efficiency. The role of muscle in this process is remarkable and especially important in teleosts, where muscle represents a high percentage of body weight and because many fish species present continuous growth. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of 5 wk of moderate and sustained swimming in gene and protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, proliferation markers, and proteolytic molecules in two muscle regions (anterior and caudal) of gilthead sea bream fingerlings. Western blot results showed an increase in the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteolytic system members calpain 1 and cathepsin D, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR data showed that exercise increased the gene expression of proteases (calpains, cathepsins, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the anterior muscle region) and the gene expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the myogenic factor MyoD in the caudal area compared with control fish. Overall, these data suggest a differential response of the two muscle regions during swimming adaptation, with tissue remodeling and new vessel formation occurring in the anterior muscle and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation occurring in the caudal area. In summary, the present study contributes to improving the knowledge of the role of proteolytic molecules and other myogenic factors in the adaptation of muscle to moderate sustained swimming in gilthead sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheida Azizi
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Moya
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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154
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The biology of rotator cuff healing. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:S1-S10. [PMID: 28043853 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical reconstruction of chronic rotator cuff (RC) tears leading to improved clinical outcomes, failure rates of 13-94% have been reported. Reasons for this rather high failure rate include compromised healing at the bone-tendon interface, as well as the musculo-tendinous changes that occur after RC tears, namely retraction and muscle atrophy, as well as fatty infiltration. Significant research efforts have focused on gaining a better understanding of these pathological changes in order to design effective therapeutic solutions. Biological augmentation, including the application of different growth factors, platelet concentrates, cells, scaffolds and various drugs, or a combination of the above have been studied. It is important to note that instead of a physiological enthesis, an abundance of scar tissue is formed. Even though cytokines have demonstrated the potential to improve rotator cuff healing in animal models, there is little information about the correct concentration and timing of the more than 1500 cytokines that interact during the healing process. There is only minimal evidence that platelet concentrates may lead to improvement in radiographic, but not clinical outcome. Using stem cells to biologically augment the reconstruction of the tears might have a great potential since these cells can differentiate into various cell types that are integral for healing. However, further studies are necessary to understand how to enhance the potential of these stem cells in a safe and efficient way. This article intends to give an overview of the biological augmentation options found in the literature.
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155
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Terena SML, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK, Deana AM, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Systematic review of the synergist muscle ablation model for compensatory hypertrophy. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 63:164-172. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental synergists muscle ablation model to promote muscle hypertrophy, determine the period of greatest hypertrophy and its influence on muscle fiber types and determine differences in bilateral and unilateral removal to reduce the number of animals used in this model. Method: Following the application of the eligibility criteria for the mechanical overload of the plantar muscle in rats, nineteen papers were included in the review. Results: The results reveal a greatest hypertrophy occurring between days 12 and 15, and based on the findings, synergist muscle ablation is an efficient model for achieving rapid hypertrophy and the contralateral limb can be used as there was no difference between unilateral and bilateral surgery, which reduces the number of animals used in this model. Conclusion: This model differs from other overload models (exercise and training) regarding the characteristics involved in the hypertrophy process (acute) and result in a chronic muscle adaptation with selective regulation and modification of fast-twitch fibers in skeletal muscle. This is an efficient and rapid model for compensatory hypertrophy.
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156
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zeng Z, Xiao W, Chen P. Macrophage depletion impairs skeletal muscle regeneration: The roles of regulatory factors for muscle regeneration. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:228-238. [PMID: 27888539 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Though macrophages are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration, which is a complex process, the roles and mechanisms of the macrophages in the process of muscle regeneration are still not fully understood. The objective of this study is to explore the roles of macrophages and the mechanisms involved in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. One hundred and twelve C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into muscle contusion and macrophages depleted groups. Their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested at the time points of 12 h, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 d post-injury. The changes in skeletal muscle morphology were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. The gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data showed that CL-liposomes treatment did affect the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin) after injury. In addition, CL-liposomes treatment decreased the expression of regulatory factors of muscle regeneration (HGF, uPA, COX-2, IGF-1, MGF, FGF6) and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-1β, RANTES) in the late stage of regeneration. Moreover, there were significant correlations between macrophages and some regulatory factors (such as HGF, uPA) for muscle regeneration. These results suggested that macrophages depletion impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and that the regulatory factors for muscle regeneration may play important roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Exercise Science, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
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157
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Kalbe C, Lösel D, Block J, Lefaucheur L, Brüssow KP, Bellmann O, Pfuhl R, Puppe B, Otten W, Metges CC, Rehfeldt C. Moderate high or low maternal protein diets change gene expression but not the phenotype of skeletal muscle from porcine fetuses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:63-75. [PMID: 27664381 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to characterize the immediate phenotypic and adaptive regulatory responses of fetuses to different in utero conditions reflecting inadequate maternal protein supply during gestation. The gilts fed high- (250% above control) or low- (50% under control) protein diets isoenergetically adjusted at the expense of carbohydrates from the day of insemination until the fetuses were collected at day 64 or 94 of gestation. We analyzed body composition, histomorphology, biochemistry, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of fetal skeletal muscle. Both diets had only marginal effects on body composition and muscular cellularity of fetuses including an unchanged total number of myofibers. However, mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MYOG, MRF4, P ≤ 0.1), IGF system (IGF1, IGF1R, P ≤ 0.05) and myostatin antagonist FST (P = 0.6, in males only) was reduced in the fetal muscle exposed to a maternal low-protein diet. As a result of excess protein, MYOD, MYOG, IGF1R, and IGFBP5 mRNA expression (P ≤ 0.05) was upregulated in fetal muscle. Differences in muscular mRNA expression indicate in utero regulatory adaptive responses to maternal diet. Modulation of gene expression immediately contributes to the maintenance of an appropriate fetal phenotype that would be similar to that observed in the control fetuses. Moreover, we suggest that the modified gene expression in fetal skeletal muscle can be viewed as the origin of developmental muscular plasticity involved in the concept of fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - D Lösel
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Block
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Lefaucheur
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1348 sur la Physiologie, l'Environnement et la Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - K-P Brüssow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - O Bellmann
- Institutional Veterinarian of the Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - R Pfuhl
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Puppe
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - W Otten
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Rehfeldt
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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158
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Souza BBD, Consoli ÉZ, Freire APCF, Oliveira GLFD, Pacagnelli FL, Freitas CEAD. High energy Gallium Arsenide laser does not facilitate collagen alteration in muscle skeletal extracellular matrix: experimental study. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ao29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Low intensity laser therapy has proven effective in treating different tissues, reducing inflammation, preventing the formation of fibrous tissue, and promoting muscle regeneration. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low intensity laser therapy, seven days after the injury, and verify whether the radiated energy chosen influences the formation of fibrous tissue. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats, adult male, average body weight 210-340 g were used. The animals were randomized into three groups: control group, untreated injured group (L), and injured and treated group (LT). After anesthetizing the animals, muscle injury was induced by freezing (cryoinjury) in the central region of the tibialis anterior muscle belly (TA) on the left hind limb, through an iron rod previously immersed in liquid nitrogen. A Gallium Arsenide laser, wavelength 904 nm was used. The applications were initiated 24 hours after injury, daily, for five days, at two points in the lesion area. After 7 days, the animals were euthanized; the TA muscle of the left hind limb was removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen and the obtained histological sections were subjected to Sirius Red staining. Results: Histological analysis showed no significant difference in relation to the area of fibrosis in the LT and L groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that the energy density of 69 J/cm² and final energy (4.8 joules) did not promote alterations in the area of collagen in the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix.
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159
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Chen KW, Chang YJ, Yeh CM, Lian YL, Chan MWY, Kao CF, Chen L. SH2B1 modulates chromatin state and MyoD occupancy to enhance expressions of myogenic genes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:270-281. [PMID: 28039048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As mesoderm-derived cell lineage commits to myogenesis, a spectrum of signaling molecules, including insulin growth factor (IGF), activate signaling pathways and ultimately instruct chromatin remodeling and the transcription of myogenic genes. MyoD is a key transcription factor during myogenesis. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel myogenic regulator, SH2B1. Knocking down SH2B1 delays global chromatin condensation and decreases the formation of myotubes. SH2B1 interacts with histone H1 and is required for the removal of histone H1 from active transcription sites, allowing for the expressions of myogenic genes, IGF2 and MYOG. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest the requirement of SH2B1 for the induction of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation as well as the reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation at the promoters and/or enhancers of IGF2 and MYOG genes during myogenesis. Furthermore, SH2B1 is required for the transcriptional activity of MyoD and MyoD occupancy at the enhancer/promoter regions of IGF2 and MYOG during myogenesis. Together, this study demonstrates that SH2B1 fine-tunes global-local chromatin states, expressions of myogenic genes and ultimately promotes myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jung Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ming Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Ling Lian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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160
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Armakolas N, Armakolas A, Antonopoulos A, Dimakakos A, Stathaki M, Koutsilieris M. The role of the IGF-1 Ec in myoskeletal system and osteosarcoma pathophysiology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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161
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Zak RB, Shute RJ, Heesch MWS, La Salle DT, Bubak MP, Dinan NE, Laursen TL, Slivka DR. Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:319-325. [PMID: 28177744 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many human diseases lead to a loss of skeletal muscle metabolic function and mass. Local and environmental temperature can modulate the exercise-stimulated response of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle function in a human model. However, the impact of environmental temperature, independent of exercise, has not been addressed in a human model. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exposure to hot, cold, and room temperature conditions on skeletal muscle gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle mass. Recreationally trained male subjects (n = 12) had muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 3 h of exposure to hot (33 °C), cold (7 °C), or room temperature (20 °C) conditions. Temperature had no effect on most of the genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, or proteolysis (p > 0.05). Core temperature was significantly higher in hot and cold environments compared with room temperature (37.2 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.001; 37.1 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.013; 36.9 ± 0.1 °C, respectively). Whole-body oxygen consumption was also significantly higher in hot and cold compared with room temperature (0.38 ± 0.01 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.52 ± 0.03 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.35 ± 0.01 L·min-1, respectively). In conclusion, these data show that acute temperature exposure alone does not elicit significant changes in skeletal muscle gene expression. When considered in conjunction with previous research, exercise appears to be a necessary component to observe gene expression alterations between different environmental temperatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana B Zak
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Robert J Shute
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Matthew W S Heesch
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - D Taylor La Salle
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Matthew P Bubak
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Nicholas E Dinan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Terence L Laursen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Dustin R Slivka
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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162
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Divari S, Berio E, Pregel P, Sereno A, Chiesa L, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Bovee TFH, Biolatti B, Cannizzo FT. Effects and detection of Nandrosol and ractopamine administration in veal calves. Food Chem 2016; 221:706-713. [PMID: 27979262 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes different effects of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) nandrolone phenylpropionate (Nandrosol) and the β-agonist ractopamine administration in veal calves, and it investigates different strategies applied to trace these molecules. Morphological changes of gonads and accessory glands attributed to androgen effects, such as testicular atrophy, seminiferous tubule diameter reduction and hyperplasia of prostate epithelium, were detected, although SARMs are not described to cause these lesions. The gene expression analysis showed an anabolic activity of Nandrosol in Longissimus dorsi muscle, where myosin heavy chain (MYH) was significantly up-regulated. An IGF1 increase was weakly significant only in Vastus lateralis muscle. In conclusion, the anatomo-histopathological observations and the MYH mRNA up-regulation in Longissimus dorsi muscle confirm the androgenic treatment in experimental animals. The biosensor assay was not enough sensitive to detect residues in urines and only the direct chemical analysis of urine samples confirmed both β-agonist and SARM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
| | - Enrica Berio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Paola Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Alessandra Sereno
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, PO Box 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartolomeo Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Francesca T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
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163
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Lim NJ, Shin JH, Kim HJ, Lim Y, Kim JY, Lee WJ, Han SJ, Kwon O. A combination of Korean mistletoe extract and resistance exercise retarded the decline in muscle mass and strength in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:48-56. [PMID: 27845200 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the increased concerns about the degenerative decline in the physical performance of the elderly, there is a need for developing effective strategies to suppress the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and functional capacity through a lifestyle intervention. This randomized controlled trial examined whether a combination of Korean mistletoe extract (KME) supplement and exercise affected muscle mass, muscle function, and targeted molecular expressions. Sixty-seven subjects aged 55-75years were assigned to placebo, low-dose (1g/d), or high-dose (2g/d) of KME for 12weeks. The body composition was significantly changed in the high-dose group during the intervention period as determined by skeletal muscle mass (P=0.040), fat free mass (P=0.042), soft lean mass (P=0.023), skeletal muscle index (P=0.041), fat-free mass index (P=0.030), percent body fat (P=0.044), and fat mass to lean mass ratio (P=0.030). Knee strength was measured by Cybex, demonstrating a significant effect in the KME groups compared to the placebo group (P=0.026 for peak torque and P=0.057 for set total work), which was more pronounced after adjusting for age, gender, protein, and energy intake (P=0.009 for peak torque and P=0.033 for set total work). The dynamic balance ability was remarkably improved in the high-dose group over a 12-week period as determined by Timed "Up and Go" (P=0.005 for fast walk test and P=0.024 for ordinary walk test). Consistent with these results, RT-PCR, multiplex analyses, and immunocytofluorescence staining revealed that a high-dose KME supplementation was effective for suppressing intracellular pathways related to muscle protein degradation, but stimulating those related to myogenesis. In particular, significant differences were found in atrogin-1 mRNA (P=0.002 at a single administration and P=0.001 at a 12-week administration), myogenin mRNA (P<0.0001 at a single administration and P=0.040 at a 12-week administration), and insulin growth factor 1 receptor phosphorylation (P=0.002 at a 12-week administration). These results suggest that KME supplementation together with resistance exercise may be useful in suppressing the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ju Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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164
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Syverud BC, VanDusen KW, Larkin LM. Growth Factors for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:169-179. [PMID: 27825154 DOI: 10.1159/000444671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle holds promise as a source of graft tissue for repair of volumetric muscle loss and as a model system for pharmaceutical testing. To reach this potential, engineered tissues must advance past the neonatal phenotype that characterizes the current state of the art. In this review, we describe native skeletal muscle development and identify important growth factors controlling this process. By comparing in vivo myogenesis to in vitro satellite cell cultures and tissue engineering approaches, several key similarities and differences that may potentially advance tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were identified. In particular, hepatocyte and fibroblast growth factors used to accelerate satellite cell activation and proliferation, followed by addition of insulin-like growth factor as a potent inducer of differentiation, are proven methods for increased myogenesis in engineered muscle. Additionally, we review our recent novel application of dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid that stimulates myoblast differentiation, in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Using our established skeletal muscle unit (SMU) fabrication protocol, timing- and dose-dependent effects of DEX were measured. The supplemented SMUs demonstrated advanced sarcomeric structure and significantly increased myotube diameter and myotube fusion compared to untreated controls. Most significantly, these SMUs exhibited a fivefold rise in force production. Thus, we concluded that DEX may serve to improve myogenesis, advance muscle structure, and increase force production in engineered skeletal muscle.
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165
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Layne AS, Larkin-Kaiser K, MacNeil RG, Dirain M, Sandesara B, Manini TM, Buford TW. Effects of blood-flow restriction on biomarkers of myogenesis in response to resistance exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:89-92. [PMID: 28002685 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the acute myogenic response to resistance exercise with and without blood-flow restriction (BFR). Six men and women (age, 22 ± 1 years) performed unilateral knee extensions at 40% of 1-repetition maximum with or without (CNTRL) BFR applied via pressure cuff inflated to 220 mm Hg. Muscle biopsies were collected at 4 h and 24 h postexercise. Addition of BFR increased myoD and c-Met messenger RNA expression relative to CNTRL. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor protein was significantly higher following CNTRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Layne
- a University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd. Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kelly Larkin-Kaiser
- b University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW. Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R Gavin MacNeil
- c NOVA Southeastern Medical School, 3301 College Ave. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Marvin Dirain
- a University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd. Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- a University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd. Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- a University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd. Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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166
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Reduced Appendicular Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Size of Type II Muscle Fibers in Patients with Spondyloarthritis versus Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:6507692. [PMID: 27672678 PMCID: PMC5031855 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6507692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, muscle function, and muscle morphology in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods. Ten male SpA patients (mean ± SD age 39 ± 4.1 years) were compared with ten healthy controls matched for sex, age, body mass index, and self-reported level of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Musculus quadriceps femoris (QF) strength was assessed by maximal isometric contractions prior to test of muscular endurance. Magnetic resonance imaging of QF was used to measure muscle size and calculate specific muscle strength. Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were taken from m. vastus lateralis. Results. SpA patients presented with significantly lower appendicular lean body mass (LBM) (p = 0.02), but there was no difference in bone mineral density, fat mass, or total LBM. Absolute QF strength was significantly lower in SpA patients (p = 0.03) with a parallel trend for specific strength (p = 0.08). Biopsy samples from the SpA patients revealed significantly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of type II muscle fibers (p = 0.04), but no difference in CSA type I fibers. Conclusions. Results indicate that the presence of SpA disease is associated with reduced appendicular LBM, muscle strength, and type II fiber CSA.
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167
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Xu H, Zhang J, Lei Y, Han Z, Rong D, Yu Q, Zhao M, Tian J. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes C2C12 myoblasts proliferation via activation of MAPK/ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:97-102. [PMID: 27629357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been shown to affect the activity of various cell types and promote them proliferation. However, its effect on skeletal muscle cells remains to be determined. In our study, we confirmed that PEMF (100 Hz, 1 mT) could promote C2C12 myoblasts proliferation by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, yet hardly any distinction was found in the rate of cell apoptosis between PEMF and control groups by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method). To further study the mechanism of action of PEMF, Western blot was utilized to detect the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. After exposing C2C12 myoblasts to PEMF, we found the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly increased, while p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were not affected. Pretreating the cells with the ERK kinase1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor U0126 obviously inhibited the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Taken together, our research for the first time demonstrated that PEMF promoted C2C12 myoblasts proliferation via activating MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yutian Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dongming Rong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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168
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Qaisar R, Bhaskaran S, Van Remmen H. Muscle fiber type diversification during exercise and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:56-67. [PMID: 27032709 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of skeletal muscle can be traced down to extensive metabolic, structural and molecular remodeling at the single fiber level. Skeletal muscle is comprised of different fiber types that are the basis of muscle plasticity in response to various functional demands. Resistance and endurance exercises are two external stimuli that differ in their duration and intensity of contraction and elicit markedly different responses in muscles adaptation. Further, eccentric contractions that are associated with exercise-induced injuries, elicit varied muscle adaptation and regenerative responses. Most adaptive changes are fiber type-specific and are highly influenced by diverse structural, metabolic and functional characteristics of individual fiber types. Regulation of signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress also plays an important role in muscle fiber adaptation during exercise. This review focuses on cellular and molecular responses that regulate the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise and exercise-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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169
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Liu J, Fu R, Liu R, Zhao G, Zheng M, Cui H, Li Q, Song J, Wang J, Wen J. Protein Profiles for Muscle Development and Intramuscular Fat Accumulation at Different Post-Hatching Ages in Chickens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159722. [PMID: 27508388 PMCID: PMC4980056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle development and growth influences the efficiency of poultry meat production, and is closely related to deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF), which is crucial in meat quality. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development and IMF deposition in chickens, protein expression profiles were examined in the breast muscle of Beijing-You chickens at ages 1, 56, 98 and 140 days, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Two hundred and four of 494 proteins were expressed differentially. The expression profile at day 1 differed greatly from those at day 56, 98 and 140. KEGG pathway analysis of differential protein expression from pair-wise comparisons (day 1 vs. 56; 56 vs. 98; 98 vs. 140), showed that the fatty acid degradation pathway was more active during the stage from day 1 to 56 than at other periods. This was consistent with the change in IMF content, which was highest at day 1 and declined dramatically thereafter. When muscle growth was most rapid (days 56-98), pathways involved in muscle development were dominant, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac muscle contraction, tight junctions and focal adhesion. In contrast with hatchlings, the fatty acid degradation pathway was downregulated from day 98 to 140, which was consistent with the period for IMF deposition following rapid muscle growth. Changes in some key specific proteins, including fast skeletal muscle troponin T isoform, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and apolipoprotein A1, were verified by Western blotting, and could be potential biomarkers for IMF deposition in chickens. Protein-protein interaction networks showed that ribosome-related functional modules were clustered in all three stages. However, the functional module involved in the metabolic pathway was only clustered in the first stage (day 1 vs. 56). This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development and IMF deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Fu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Song
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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170
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Eftestøl E, Egner IM, Lunde IG, Ellefsen S, Andersen T, Sjåland C, Gundersen K, Bruusgaard JC. Increased hypertrophic response with increased mechanical load in skeletal muscles receiving identical activity patterns. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C616-C629. [PMID: 27488660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is often assumed that mechanical factors are important for effects of exercise on muscle, but during voluntary training and most experimental conditions the effects could solely be attributed to differences in electrical activity, and direct evidence for a mechanosensory pathway has been scarce. We here show that, in rat muscles stimulated in vivo under deep anesthesia with identical electrical activity patterns, isometric contractions induced twofold more hypertrophy than contractions with 50-60% of the isometric force. The number of myonuclei and the RNA levels of myogenin and myogenic regulatory factor 4 were increased with high load, suggesting that activation of satellite cells is mechano dependent. On the other hand, training induced a major shift in fiber type distribution from type 2b to 2x that was load independent, indicating that the electrical signaling rather than mechanosignaling controls fiber type. RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1) were not significantly differentially activated by load, suggesting that the differences in mechanical factors were not important for activating the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/S6K1 pathway. The transmembrane molecule syndecan-4 implied in overload hypertrophy in cardiac muscle was not load dependent, suggesting that mechanosignaling in skeletal muscle is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid M Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Sport Sciences, Lillehammer University College, Lillehammer, Norway; and
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jo C Bruusgaard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
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171
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Baumert P, Lake MJ, Stewart CE, Drust B, Erskine RM. Genetic variation and exercise-induced muscle damage: implications for athletic performance, injury and ageing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1595-625. [PMID: 27294501 PMCID: PMC4983298 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged unaccustomed exercise involving muscle lengthening (eccentric) actions can result in ultrastructural muscle disruption, impaired excitation-contraction coupling, inflammation and muscle protein degradation. This process is associated with delayed onset muscle soreness and is referred to as exercise-induced muscle damage. Although a certain amount of muscle damage may be necessary for adaptation to occur, excessive damage or inadequate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage can increase injury risk, particularly in older individuals, who experience more damage and require longer to recover from muscle damaging exercise than younger adults. Furthermore, it is apparent that inter-individual variation exists in the response to exercise-induced muscle damage, and there is evidence that genetic variability may play a key role. Although this area of research is in its infancy, certain gene variations, or polymorphisms have been associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (i.e. individuals with certain genotypes experience greater muscle damage, and require longer recovery, following strenuous exercise). These polymorphisms include ACTN3 (R577X, rs1815739), TNF (-308 G>A, rs1800629), IL6 (-174 G>C, rs1800795), and IGF2 (ApaI, 17200 G>A, rs680). Knowing how someone is likely to respond to a particular type of exercise could help coaches/practitioners individualise the exercise training of their athletes/patients, thus maximising recovery and adaptation, while reducing overload-associated injury risk. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the literature concerning gene polymorphisms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage, both in young and older individuals, and to highlight the potential mechanisms underpinning these associations, thus providing a better understanding of exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark J Lake
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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172
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Azizi S, Nematollahi MA, Mojazi Amiri B, Vélez EJ, Salmerón C, Chan SJ, Navarro I, Capilla E, Gutiérrez J. IGF-I and IGF-II effects on local IGF system and signaling pathways in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured myocytes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 232:7-16. [PMID: 26602376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have a fundamental role in a vast range of functions acting through a tyrosine-kinase receptor (IGF-IR). IGFs in muscle can affect the expression of components of the local IGF system, myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), proliferating (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) or differentiating molecules (myosin heavy chain, MHC) and, lead to the activation of different signaling pathways. The response of all these genes to IGFs incubation at two different times in day 4 cultured myocytes of gilthead sea bream was analyzed. Both IGFs increased the expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-5, but showed different effects on the receptors, with IGF-I suppressing the expression of both isoforms (IGF-IRa and IGF-IRb) and IGF-II up-regulating only IGF-IRb. Moreover, the protein levels of PCNA and target of rapamycin (TOR) increased after IGF-II incubation, although a decline in Myf5 and a rise in MHC gene expression was caused by IGF-I. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the importance of IGFs on controlling muscle development and growth in gilthead sea bream and suggest that each IGF may be preferentially acting through a specific IGF-IR. Moreover, the data support the hypothesis that IGF-II has a more important role during proliferation, whereas IGF-I seems to be relevant for the differentiation phase of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Azizi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Ali Nematollahi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Bagher Mojazi Amiri
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shu Jin Chan
- Departments of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology and Medicine, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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van der Meijden K, Bravenboer N, Dirks NF, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Wit GMJ, Offringa C, Lips P, Jaspers RT. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Myotube Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2517-28. [PMID: 27018098 PMCID: PMC5111790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adequate vitamin D status is essential to optimize muscle strength. However, whether vitamin D directly reduces muscle fiber atrophy or stimulates muscle fiber hypertrophy remains subject of debate. A mechanism that may affect the role of vitamin D in the regulation of muscle fiber size is the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2 D by 1α-hydroxylase. Therefore, we investigated in a murine C2C12 myoblast culture whether both 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 affect myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size and whether these cells are able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . We show that myoblasts not only responded to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , but also to the precursor 25(OH)D3 by increasing their VDR mRNA expression and reducing their proliferation. In differentiating myoblasts and myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 as well as 25(OH)D3 stimulated VDR mRNA expression and in myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 also stimulated MHC mRNA expression. However, this occurred without notable effects on myotube size. Moreover, no effects on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels were observed. Interestingly, both myoblasts and myotubes expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA which are required for vitamin D3 metabolism. Although 1α-hydroxylase activity could not be shown in myotubes, after treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or 25(OH)D3 myotubes showed strongly elevated CYP24 mRNA levels compared to untreated cells. Moreover, myotubes were able to convert 25(OH)D3 to 24R,25(OH)2 D3 which may play a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that skeletal muscle is not only a direct target for vitamin D3 metabolites, but is also able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2517-2528, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Offringa
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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174
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De Brandt J, Spruit MA, Derave W, Hansen D, Vanfleteren LEGW, Burtin C. Changes in structural and metabolic muscle characteristics following exercise-based interventions in patients with COPD: a systematic review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:521-45. [PMID: 26901573 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1157472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with COPD suffer from lower-limb muscle dysfunction characterized by lower muscle oxidative capacity and muscle mass. Exercise-based training is expected to attenuate lower-limb intramuscular characteristics, but a detailed systematic approach to review the available evidence has not been performed yet. PUBMED and PEDro databases were searched. Twenty-five studies that implemented an exercise-based training program (aerobic and/or resistance training, high intensity interval training, electrical or magnetic stimulation) and reported muscle biopsy data of patients with COPD were critically appraised. The coverage of results includes changes in muscle structure, muscle protein turnover regulation, mitochondrial enzyme activity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and inflammation after exercise-based training interventions. Study design and training modalities varied among studies, which partly explains the observed heterogeneous response in muscle characteristics. Gaps in the current knowledge are identified and recommendations for future research are made to enhance our knowledge on exercise training effects in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Brandt
- a REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- a REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium.,b Department of Research and Education , CIRO, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure , Horn , The Netherlands
| | - Wim Derave
- c Department of Movement and Sports Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- a REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- b Department of Research and Education , CIRO, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure , Horn , The Netherlands
| | - Chris Burtin
- a REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
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175
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D'Hulst G, Ferri A, Naslain D, Bertrand L, Horman S, Francaux M, Bishop DJ, Deldicque L. Fifteen days of 3,200 m simulated hypoxia marginally regulates markers for protein synthesis and degradation in human skeletal muscle. HYPOXIA 2016; 4:1-14. [PMID: 27800505 PMCID: PMC5085286 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not well defined in vivo. We sought to determine how chronic hypoxia regulates molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation in human skeletal muscle and whether these regulations were related to the regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Eight young male subjects lived in a normobaric hypoxic hotel (FiO2 14.1%, 3,200 m) for 15 days in well-controlled conditions for nutrition and physical activity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained in the musculus vastus lateralis before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) hypoxic exposure. Intramuscular hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein expression decreased (-49%, P=0.03), whereas hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) remained unaffected from PRE to POST hypoxic exposure. Also, downstream HIF-1α target genes VEGF-A (-66%, P=0.006) and BNIP3 (-24%, P=0.002) were downregulated, and a tendency was measured for neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally Nedd4 (-47%, P=0.07), suggesting lowered HIF-1α transcriptional activity after 15 days of exposure to environmental hypoxia. No difference was found on microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type II/I (LC3b-II/I) ratio, and P62 protein expression tended to increase (+45%, P=0.07) compared to PRE exposure levels, suggesting that autophagy was not modulated after chronic hypoxia. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway was not altered as Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase 1, and 4E-binding protein 1 phosphorylation did not change between PRE and POST. Finally, myofiber cross-sectional area was unchanged between PRE and POST. In summary, our data indicate that moderate chronic hypoxia differentially regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α, marginally affects markers of protein degradation, and does not modify markers of protein synthesis or myofiber cross-sectional area in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Damien Naslain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
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176
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Sato H, Funaki A, Kimura Y, Sumitomo M, Yoshida H, Fukata H, Ueno K. Ethanol extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don (palo azul) induces formation of myotubes, which involves differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells. Nutr Res 2016; 36:731-41. [PMID: 27262535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cell differentiation effect of an ethanol extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don, a herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Asteraceae (vernacular name: palo azul). Palo azul has numerous physiological effects that contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndromes, although the mechanism remains unclear. We previously suggested that palo azul has antidiabetic activity via an adipose differentiation effect. Here, we focused on whether palo azul promoted the differentiation of myoblasts. The mouse muscle myoblast cell line C2C12 was cultured and differentiated using horse serum with or without an ethanol extract of palo azul (12.5-200 μg/mL). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate differentiation markers, including insulin-like growth factor-1 and myogenin. To evaluate myotube formation, myosin heavy-chain (MHC) expression and localization were detected by immunohistochemistry. Palo azul increased the expression of the differentiation markers. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased formation of MHC myotubes after palo azul treatment along with increased diameter and fusion indices of the myotubes. The expression level of MHC was also increased. In conclusion, palo azul may increase muscle mass in the body and improve insulin resistance conditions by facilitating the formation of myotubes by promoting myocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Asami Funaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mai Sumitomo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yoshida
- IHM Inc, 7-22-17, Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukata
- JPD Co. Ltd, 7-98, Kitaitami, Itami-shi, Hyogo 664-0831, Japan
| | - Koichi Ueno
- Center of Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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177
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von Grabowiecki Y, Abreu P, Blanchard O, Palamiuc L, Benosman S, Mériaux S, Devignot V, Gross I, Mellitzer G, Gonzalez de Aguilar JL, Gaiddon C. Transcriptional activator TAp63 is upregulated in muscular atrophy during ALS and induces the pro-atrophic ubiquitin ligase Trim63. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26919175 PMCID: PMC4786414 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of muscle atrophy are complex and their understanding might help finding therapeutic solutions for pathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We meta-analyzed transcriptomic experiments of muscles of ALS patients and mouse models, uncovering a p53 deregulation as common denominator. We then characterized the induction of several p53 family members (p53, p63, p73) and a correlation between the levels of p53 family target genes and the severity of muscle atrophy in ALS patients and mice. In particular, we observed increased p63 protein levels in the fibers of atrophic muscles via denervation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. At a functional level, we demonstrated that TAp63 and p53 transactivate the promoter and increased the expression of Trim63 (MuRF1), an effector of muscle atrophy. Altogether, these results suggest a novel function for p63 as a contributor to muscular atrophic processes via the regulation of multiple genes, including the muscle atrophy gene Trim63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick von Grabowiecki
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paula Abreu
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Orphee Blanchard
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lavinia Palamiuc
- Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, United States
| | - Samir Benosman
- Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, United States
| | - Sophie Mériaux
- Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, United States
| | - Véronique Devignot
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - José L Gonzalez de Aguilar
- Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Laboratoire SMN, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- UMR_S 1113, Molecular mechanisms of stress response and pathologies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Recherche Translationnelle, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
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178
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Luo W, Lin S, Li G, Nie Q, Zhang X. Integrative Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Interactions Reveal let-7b, miR-128 and MAPK Pathway Involvement in Muscle Mass Loss in Sex-Linked Dwarf Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:276. [PMID: 26927061 PMCID: PMC4813140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken is an ideal model system for understanding growth hormone (GH)-action and growth hormone receptor (GHR) function because of its recessive mutation in the GHR gene. Skeletal muscle mass is reduced in the SLD chicken with a smaller muscle fiber diameter. Our previous study has presented the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of the SLD chicken and normal chicken between embryo day 14 and seven weeks of age. However, the molecular mechanism of GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss is still unclear, and the key molecules and pathways underlying the GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss also remain to be illustrated. Here, by functional network analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs between the SLD and normal chickens, we revealed that let-7b, miR-128 and the MAPK pathway might play key roles in the GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss, and that the reduced cell division and growth are potential cellular processes during the SLD chicken skeletal muscle development. Additionally, we also found some genes and miRNAs involved in chicken skeletal muscle development, through the MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Wnt and Insulin signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying muscle mass loss in the SLD chickens, and some regulatory networks that are crucial for chicken skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shumao Lin
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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179
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180
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Lee ES, Kim SHL, Lee H, Hwang NS. Non-viral approaches for direct conversion into mesenchymal cell types: Potential application in tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 104:686-97. [PMID: 26729213 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring adequate number of cells is one of the crucial factors to apply tissue engineering strategies in order to recover critical-sized defects. While the reprogramming technology used for inducing pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened up a direct path for generating pluripotent stem cells, a direct conversion strategy may provide another possibility to obtain desired cells for tissue engineering. In order to convert a somatic cell into any other cell type, diverse approaches have been investigated. Conspicuously, in contrast to traditional viral transduction method, non-viral delivery of conversion factors has the merit of lowering immune responses and provides safer genetic manipulation, thus revolutionizing the generation of directly converted cells and its application in therapeutics. In addition, applying various microenvironmental modulations have potential to ameliorate the conversion of somatic cells into different lineages. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in direct conversion technologies, specifically focusing on generating mesenchymal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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181
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Frias FDT, de Mendonça M, Martins AR, Gindro AF, Cogliati B, Curi R, Rodrigues AC. MyomiRs as Markers of Insulin Resistance and Decreased Myogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:76. [PMID: 27445979 PMCID: PMC4921801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle of mice, which affects skeletal muscle metabolism and function. The involvement of muscle-specific microRNAs in the evolution of skeletal muscle IR during 4, 8, and 12 weeks in HFD-induced obese mice was investigated. After 4 weeks in HFD, mice were obese, hyperglycemic, and hyperinsulinemic; however, their muscles were responsive to insulin stimuli. Expressions of MyomiRs (miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206) measured in soleus muscles were not different from those found in control mice. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, glucose uptake was lower in skeletal muscle from obese mice compared to control mice, and we observed a significant decrease in miR-1a in soleus muscle when compared to HFD for 4 weeks. miR-1a expression continued to decay within time. After 12 weeks of HFD, miR-133a expression was upregulated when compared to the control group. Expression of miR-1a was negatively correlated with glycemia and positively correlated with the constant rate of plasma glucose disappearance. Pioglitazone treatment could not reverse decreases of miR-1a levels induced by HFD. Targets of myomiRs involved in insulin-growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, such as Igf-1, Irs-1, Rheb, and follistatin, were reduced after 12 weeks in HFD and Mtor increased, when compared to the control or HFD for 4 or 8 weeks. These findings suggest for the first time that miR-1 may be a marker of the development of IR in skeletal muscle. Evidence was also presented that impairment in myomiRs expression contributes to decreased myogenesis and skeletal muscle growth reported in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Toledo Frias
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mendonça
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Roque Martins
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gindro
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alice Cristina Rodrigues,
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182
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Vélez EJ, Lutfi E, Azizi S, Montserrat N, Riera-Codina M, Capilla E, Navarro I, Gutiérrez J. Contribution of in vitro myocytes studies to understanding fish muscle physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 199:67-73. [PMID: 26688542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on the regulation of fish muscle physiology and growth was addressed originally by classical in vivo approaches; however, systemic interactions resulted in many questions that could be better considered through in vitro myocyte studies. The first paper published by our group in this field was with Tom Moon on brown trout cardiomyocytes, where the insulin and IGF-I receptors were characterized and the down-regulatory effects of an excess of peptides demonstrated. We followed the research on cultured skeletal muscle cells through the collaboration with INRA focused on the characterization of IGF-I receptors and its signaling pathways through in vitro development. Later on, we showed the important metabolic role of IGFs, although these studies were only the first stage of a prolific area of work that has offered a useful tool to advance in our knowledge of the endocrine and nutritional regulation of fish growth and metabolism. Obviously, the findings obtained in vitro serve the purpose to propose the scenario that will need confirmation in vivo, but this technique has made possible many different, easy, fast and better controlled studies. In this review, we have summarized the main advances that the use of cultured muscle cells has permitted, focusing mainly in the role of IGFs regulating fish metabolism and growth. Although many articles have already appeared using this model system in salmonids, gilthead sea bream or zebrafish, it is reasonable to expect new studies with cultured cells using innovative approaches that will help to understand fish physiology and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheida Azizi
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Montserrat
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Riera-Codina
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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183
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Meyer SU, Krebs S, Thirion C, Blum H, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Induced Modifications of the Gene Expression Kinetics of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139520. [PMID: 26447881 PMCID: PMC4598026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF-α levels are increased during muscle wasting and chronic muscle degeneration and regeneration processes, which are characteristic for primary muscle disorders. Pathologically increased TNF-α levels have a negative effect on muscle cell differentiation efficiency, while IGF1 can have a positive effect; therefore, we intended to elucidate the impact of TNF-α and IGF1 on gene expression during the early stages of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study presents gene expression data of the murine skeletal muscle cells PMI28 during myogenic differentiation or differentiation with TNF-α or IGF1 exposure at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after induction. Our study detected significant coregulation of gene sets involved in myoblast differentiation or in the response to TNF-α. Gene expression data revealed a time- and treatment-dependent regulation of signaling pathways, which are prominent in myogenic differentiation. We identified enrichment of pathways, which have not been specifically linked to myoblast differentiation such as doublecortin-like kinase pathway associations as well as enrichment of specific semaphorin isoforms. Moreover to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific inverse regulation of the following genes in myoblast differentiation and response to TNF-α: Aknad1, Cmbl, Sepp1, Ndst4, Tecrl, Unc13c, Spats2l, Lix1, Csdc2, Cpa1, Parm1, Serpinb2, Aspn, Fibin, Slc40a1, Nrk, and Mybpc1. We identified a gene subset (Nfkbia, Nfkb2, Mmp9, Mef2c, Gpx, and Pgam2), which is robustly regulated by TNF-α across independent myogenic differentiation studies. Conclusions This is the largest dataset revealing the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on gene expression kinetics of early in vitro skeletal myoblast differentiation. We identified novel mRNAs, which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α. Results of this study may facilitate the understanding of transcriptomic networks underlying inhibited muscle differentiation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Oishi Y, Roy RR, Ogata T, Ohira Y. Heat-Stress effects on the myosin heavy chain phenotype of rat soleus fibers during the early stages of regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:1047-56. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Oishi
- Laboratory of Muscle Physiology; Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Roland R. Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Brain Research Institute; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Tomonori Ogata
- Faculty of Human Environmental Studies; Hiroshima-Shudo University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Research Center for Adipocyte & Muscle Science; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe City Kyoto Japan
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185
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Ma J, Wang H, Liu R, Jin L, Tang Q, Wang X, Jiang A, Hu Y, Li Z, Zhu L, Li R, Li M, Li X. The miRNA Transcriptome Directly Reflects the Physiological and Biochemical Differences between Red, White, and Intermediate Muscle Fiber Types. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9635-53. [PMID: 25938964 PMCID: PMC4463610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types that can be broadly classified as red, intermediate, and white. Recently, a set of miRNAs was found expressed in a fiber type-specific manner in red and white fiber types. However, an in-depth analysis of the miRNA transcriptome differences between all three fiber types has not been undertaken. Herein, we collected 15 porcine skeletal muscles from different anatomical locations, which were then clearly divided into red, white, and intermediate fiber type based on the ratios of myosin heavy chain isoforms. We further illustrated that three muscles, which typically represented each muscle fiber type (i.e., red: peroneal longus (PL), intermediate: psoas major muscle (PMM), white: longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM)), have distinct metabolic patterns of mitochondrial and glycolytic enzyme levels. Furthermore, we constructed small RNA libraries for PL, PMM, and LDM using a deep sequencing approach. Results showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in PL and played a vital role in myogenesis and energy metabolism. Overall, this comprehensive analysis will contribute to a better understanding of the miRNA regulatory mechanism that achieves the phenotypic diversity of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zongwen Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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Yu M, Wang H, Xu Y, Yu D, Li D, Liu X, Du W. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes myoblast proliferation and skeletal muscle growth of embryonic chickens via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:910-22. [PMID: 25808997 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, IGF-1 fulfils crucial roles in skeletal myogenesis. However, the involvement of IGF-1-induced myoblast proliferation in muscle growth is still unclear. In the present study, we have characterised the role of IGF-1 in myoblast proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and have revealed novel details of how exogenous IGF-1 influences myogenic genes in chicken embryos. The results show that IGF-1 significantly induces the proliferation of cultured myoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the IGF-1 treatment significantly promoted myoblasts entering a new cell cycle and increasing the mRNA expression levels of cell cycle-dependent genes. However, these effects were inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the Akt inhibitor KP372-1. These data indicated that the pro-proliferative effect of IGF-1 was mediated in response to the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Moreover, we also showed that exogenous IGF-1 stimulated myoblast proliferation in vivo. IGF-1 administration obviously promoted the incorporation of BrdU and remarkably increased the number of PAX7-positive cells in the skeletal muscle of chicken embryos. Administration of IGF-1 also significantly induced the upregulation of myogenic factors gene, the enhancement of c-Myc and the inhibition of myostatin (Mstn) expression. These findings demonstrate that IGF-1 has strong activity as a promoter of myoblast expansion and muscle fiber formation during early myogenesis. Therefore, this study offers insight into the mechanisms responsible for IGF-1-mediated stimulation of embryonic skeletal muscle development, which could have important implications for the improvement of chicken meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenxing Du
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Kozakowska M, Kotlinowski J, Grochot-Przeczek A, Ciesla M, Pilecki B, Derlacz R, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Myoblast-conditioned media improve regeneration and revascularization of ischemic muscles in diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:61. [PMID: 25889676 PMCID: PMC4431532 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is associated with reduced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a heme-degrading enzyme with cytoprotective and proangiogenic properties. In myoblasts and muscle satellite cells HO-1 improves survival, proliferation and production of proangiogenic growth factors. Induction of HO-1 in injured tissues facilitates neovascularization, the process impaired in diabetes. We aimed to examine whether conditioned media from the HO-1 overexpressing myoblast cell line can improve a blood-flow recovery in ischemic muscles of diabetic mice. Methods Analysis of myogenic markers was performed at the mRNA level in primary muscle satellite cells, isolated by a pre-plate technique from diabetic db/db and normoglycemic wild-type mice, and then cultured under growth or differentiation conditions. Hind limb ischemia was performed by femoral artery ligation in db/db mice and blood recovery was monitored by laser Doppler measurements. Mice were treated with a single intramuscular injection of conditioned media harvested from wild-type C2C12 myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells stably transduced with HO-1 cDNA, or with unconditioned media. Results Expression of HO-1 was lower in muscle satellite cells isolated from muscles of diabetic db/db mice when compared to their wild-type counterparts, what was accompanied by increased levels of Myf5 or CXCR4, and decreased Mef2 or Pax7. Such cells also displayed diminished differentiation potential when cultured in vitro, as shown by less effective formation of myotubes and reduced expression of myogenic markers (myogenic differentiation antigen - myoD, myogenin and myosin). Blood flow recovery after induction of severe hind limb ischemia was delayed in db/db mice compared to that in normoglycemic individuals. To improve muscle regeneration after ischemia, conditioned media collected from differentiating C2C12 cells (control and HO-1 overexpressing) were injected into hind limbs of diabetic mice. Analysis of blood flow revealed that media from HO-1 overexpressing cells accelerated blood-flow recovery, while immunohistochemical staining assessment of vessel density in injected muscle confirmed increased angiogenesis. The effect might be mediated by stromal-cell derived factor-1α proangiogenic factor, as its secretion is elevated in HO-1 overexpressing cells. Conclusions In conclusion, paracrine stimulation of angiogenesis in ischemic skeletal muscle using conditioned media may be a safe approach exploiting protective and proangiogenic properties of HO-1 in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kozakowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Anna Grochot-Przeczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Maciej Ciesla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Rafal Derlacz
- R&D Department, Adamed Ltd, Pienkow 149, Czosnow, 05-152, Poland. .,Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland.
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland. .,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
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de Freitas CEA, Bertaglia RS, Vechetti Júnior IJ, Mareco EA, Salomão RAS, de Paula TG, Nai GA, Carvalho RF, Pacagnelli FL, Dal-Pai-Silva M. High Final Energy of Low-Level Gallium Arsenide Laser Therapy Enhances Skeletal Muscle Recovery without a Positive Effect on Collagen Remodeling. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:957-65. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Assumpção de Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy; University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Raquel Santilone Bertaglia
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Ivan José Vechetti Júnior
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Edson Assunção Mareco
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Rondinelle Artur Simões Salomão
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Tassiana Gutierrez de Paula
- Post Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology; Bioscience Institute; State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology; University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Morphology; Bioscience Institute State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Department of Physiotherapy; University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE); Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Morphology; Bioscience Institute State University of São Paulo; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
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Zhou N, Lee WR, Abasht B. Messenger RNA sequencing and pathway analysis provide novel insights into the biological basis of chickens' feed efficiency. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:195. [PMID: 25886891 PMCID: PMC4414306 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced selection technologies have been developed and continually optimized to improve traits of agricultural importance; however, these methods have been primarily applied without knowledge of underlying biological changes that may be induced by selection. This study aims to characterize the biological basis of differences between chickens with low and high feed efficiency (FE) with a long-term goal of improving the ability to select for FE. Results High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed on 23 breast muscle samples from commercial broiler chickens with extremely high (n = 10) and low (n = 13) FE. An average of 34 million paired-end reads (75 bp) were produced for each sample, 80% of which were properly mapped to the chicken reference genome (Ensembl Galgal4). Differential expression analysis identified 1,059 genes (FDR < 0.05) that significantly divergently expressed in breast muscle between the high- and low-FE chickens. Gene function analysis revealed that genes involved in muscle remodeling, inflammatory response and free radical scavenging were mostly up-regulated in the high-FE birds. Additionally, growth hormone and IGFs/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were enriched in differentially expressed genes, which might contribute to the high breast muscle yield in high-FE birds and partly explain the FE advantage of high-FE chickens. Conclusions This study provides novel insights into transcriptional differences in breast muscle between high- and low-FE broiler chickens. Our results show that feed efficiency is associated with breast muscle growth in these birds; furthermore, some physiological changes, e.g., inflammatory response and oxidative stress, may occur in the breast muscle of the high-FE chickens, which may be of concern for continued selection for both of these traits together in modern broiler chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1364-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | | | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Fu X, Wang H, Hu P. Stem cell activation in skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1663-77. [PMID: 25572293 PMCID: PMC4412728 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cell (satellite cell) activation post muscle injury is a transient and critical step in muscle regeneration. It is regulated by physiological cues, signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulatory factors. The mechanisms that coherently turn on the complex activation process shortly after trauma are just beginning to be illuminated. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of satellite cell activation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Abstract
Skeletal muscles in vertebrates have a phenomenal regenerative capacity. A muscle that has been crushed can regenerate fully both structurally and functionally within a month. Remarkably, efficient regeneration continues to occur following repeated injuries. Thousands of muscle precursor cells are needed to accomplish regeneration following acute injury. The differentiated muscle cells, the multinucleated contractile myofibers, are terminally withdrawn from mitosis. The source of the regenerative precursors is the skeletal muscle stem cells-the mononucleated cells closely associated with myofibers, which are known as satellite cells. Satellite cells are mitotically quiescent or slow-cycling, committed to myogenesis, but undifferentiated. Disruption of the niche after muscle damage results in their exit from quiescence and progression towards commitment. They eventually arrest proliferation, differentiate, and fuse to damaged myofibers or make de novo myofibers. Satellite cells are one of the well-studied adult tissue-specific stem cells and have served as an excellent model for investigating adult stem cells. They have also emerged as an important standard in the field of ageing and stem cells. Several recent reviews have highlighted the importance of these cells as a model to understand stem cell biology. This chapter begins with the discovery of satellite cells as skeletal muscle stem cells and their developmental origin. We discuss transcription factors and signalling cues governing stem cell function of satellite cells and heterogeneity in the satellite cell pool. Apart from satellite cells, a number of other stem cells have been shown to make muscle and are being considered as candidate stem cells for amelioration of muscle degenerative diseases. We discuss these "offbeat" muscle stem cells and their status as adult skeletal muscle stem cells vis-a-vis satellite cells. The ageing context is highlighted in the concluding section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India,
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Walker N, Kahamba T, Woudberg N, Goetsch K, Niesler C. Dose-dependent modulation of myogenesis by HGF: implications for c-Met expression and downstream signalling pathways. Growth Factors 2015; 33:229-41. [PMID: 26135603 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1058260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. We analyzed the dose-dependent effects of HGF on myogenesis. Murine C2C12 and human donor-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts were treated with 0, 2, or 10 ng/ml HGF followed by assessment of proliferation and differentiation. HGF (2 ng/ml) significantly promoted cell division, but reduced myogenic commitment and fusion. Conversely, 10 ng/ml HGF reduced proliferative capability, but increased differentiation. c-Met expression analysis revealed significantly decreased expression in differentiating cells cultured with 2 ng/ml HGF, but increased expression in proliferating cells with 10 ng/ml HGF. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs: ERK, JNK, or p38K) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition abrogated the HGF-stimulated increase in cell number. Interestingly, PI3K and p38 kinase facilitated the negative effect of HGF on proliferation, while ERK inhibition abrogated the HGF-mediated decrease in differentiation. Dose-dependent effects of HGF are mediated by changes in c-Met expression and downstream MAPK and PI3K signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Walker
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Trish Kahamba
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Kyle Goetsch
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Carola Niesler
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
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Gelfand RA, Vernet D, Kovanecz I, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. The transcriptional signatures of cells from the human Peyronie's disease plaque and the ability of these cells to generate a plaque in a rat model suggest potential therapeutic targets. J Sex Med 2014; 12:313-27. [PMID: 25496134 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of medical therapies for Peyronie's disease (PD) has not been optimal, possibly because many of them went directly to clinical application without sufficient preclinical scientific research. Previous studies revealed cellular and molecular pathways involved in the formation of the PD plaque and in particular the role of the myofibroblast. AIMS The current work aimed to determine under normal and fibrotic conditions what differentiates PD cells from tunica albuginea (TA) and corpora cavernosa (CC) cells by defining their global transcriptional signatures and testing in vivo whether PD cells can generate a PD-like plaque. METHODS Human TA, PD, and CC cells were grown with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1; TA+, PD+, CC+) or without it (TA-, PD-, CC-) and assayed by (i) immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR for myofibroblast, smooth muscle cell and stem cell markers; (ii) collagen content; and (iii) DNA microarray analysis. The ability of PD+ cells to induce a PD-like plaque in an immuno-suppressed rat model was assessed by Masson trichrome and Picrosirius Red stainings. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Fibroproliferative features of PD cells and identification of related key genes as novel targets to reduce plaque size. RESULTS Upon TGFβ1stimulation, collagen levels were increased by myofibroblasts in the PD+ but not in the CC+ cells. The transcriptional signature of the PD- cells identified fibroproliferative, myogenic (myofibroblasts), inflammatory, and collagen turnover genes that differentiate them from TA- or CC- cells and respond to TGFβ1 with a PD+ fibrotic phenotype, by upregulation of IGF-1, ACTG2, MYF5, ACTC1, PSTN, COL III, MMP3, and others. The PD+ cells injected into the TA of the rat induce a PD-like plaque. CONCLUSIONS This suggests a novel combination therapy to eliminate a PD plaque by targeting the identified genes to (i) improve collagenase action by stimulating endogenous metalloproteinases specific to key collagen types and (ii) counteract fibromatosis by inhibiting myofibroblast generation, proliferation, and/or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Gelfand
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Muscle-specific GSK-3β ablation accelerates regeneration of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:490-506. [PMID: 25496993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting impairs physical performance, increases mortality and reduces medical intervention efficacy in chronic diseases and cancer. Developing proficient intervention strategies requires improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing muscle mass wasting and recovery. Involvement of muscle protein- and myonuclear turnover during recovery from muscle atrophy has received limited attention. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I signaling pathway has been implicated in muscle mass regulation. As glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is inhibited by IGF-I signaling, we hypothesized that muscle-specific GSK-3β deletion facilitates the recovery of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Wild-type mice and mice lacking muscle GSK-3β (MGSK-3β KO) were subjected to a hindlimb suspension model of reversible disuse-induced muscle atrophy and followed during recovery. Indices of muscle mass, protein synthesis and proteolysis, and post-natal myogenesis which contribute to myonuclear accretion, were monitored during the reloading of atrophied muscle. Early muscle mass recovery occurred more rapidly in MGSK-3β KO muscle. Reloading-associated changes in muscle protein turnover were not affected by GSK-3β ablation. However, coherent effects were observed in the extent and kinetics of satellite cell activation, proliferation and myogenic differentiation observed during reloading, suggestive of increased myonuclear accretion in regenerating skeletal muscle lacking GSK-3β. This study demonstrates that muscle mass recovery and post-natal myogenesis from disuse-atrophy are accelerated in the absence of GSK-3β.
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195
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Cao J, Huang T, Li X, Zhao S. Interactome mapping reveals important pathways in skeletal muscle development of pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21788-802. [PMID: 25431924 PMCID: PMC4284678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory relationship and connectivity among genes involved in myogenesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in pigs still remain large challenges. Presentation of gene interactions is a potential way to understand the mechanisms of developmental events in skeletal muscle. In this study, genome-wide transcripts and miRNA profiling was determined for Landrace pigs at four time points using microarray chips. A comprehensive method integrating gene ontology annotation and interactome network mapping was conducted to analyze the biological patterns and interaction modules of muscle development events based on differentially expressed genes and miRNAs. Our results showed that in total 484 genes and 34 miRNAs were detected for the duration from embryonic stage to adult in pigs, which composed two linear expression patterns with consensus changes. Moreover, the gene ontology analysis also disclosed that there were three typical biological events i.e., microstructure assembly of sarcomere at early embryonic stage, myofibril formation at later embryonic stage and function establishments of myoblast cells at postnatal stage. The interactome mappings of different time points also found the down-regulated trend of gene expression existed across the whole duration, which brought a possibility to introduce the myogenesis related miRNAs into the interactome regulatory networks of skeletal muscle in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhong Zhao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-27-8738-7480; Fax: +86-27-8728-0408
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196
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Hernandez-Torres F, Aranega AE, Franco D. Identification of regulatory elements directing miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 transcriptional regulation in response to muscle hypertrophic stimuli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:885-97. [PMID: 25050919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that significantly regulate the translation of protein coding genes in higher organisms. MicroRNAs are involved in almost every biological process, including early development, lineage commitment, growth and differentiation, cell death, and metabolic control. Misregulation of miRNAs belonging to the intergenic miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster has been recently associated to cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases, and they are up-regulated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle atrophy. Despite these facts, the basal transcriptional regulation of miR-23a/miR-27-a/miR-24-2 cluster and how it is altered under pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized conserved upstream and downstream regulatory sequences from the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 locus that are implicated on its transcriptional control. Our data demonstrate that Srf plays a pivotal role in modulating miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster proximal promoter activity. Importantly, pro-hypertrophic signalling pathways such as those driven by angiotensin II and norepinephrine also regulate miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster proximal promoter activity. Taking together, our results provide new insights into the regulatory networks driving miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia E Aranega
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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197
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Wagatsuma A, Sakuma K. Vitamin D signaling in myogenesis: potential for treatment of sarcopenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:121254. [PMID: 25197630 PMCID: PMC4147791 DOI: 10.1155/2014/121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Muscle mass and strength progressively decrease with age, which results in a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia would lead to physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. Therefore, much is expected of an effective intervention for sarcopenia. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory evidence suggest an effect of vitamin D on muscle function. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be expressed in muscle fibers and vitamin D signaling via VDR plays a role in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Understanding how vitamin D signaling contributes to myogenesis will provide a valuable insight into an effective nutritional strategy to moderate sarcopenia. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the effect of vitamin D on skeletal muscle and myogenic cells and discuss the potential for treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wagatsuma
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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198
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Van Thienen R, D'Hulst G, Deldicque L, Hespel P. Biochemical artifacts in experiments involving repeated biopsies in the same muscle. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00286. [PMID: 24819751 PMCID: PMC4098731 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Needle biopsies are being extensively used in clinical trials addressing muscular adaptation to exercise and diet. Still, the potential artifacts due to biopsy sampling are often overlooked. Healthy volunteers (n = 9) underwent two biopsies through a single skin incision in a pretest. Two days later (posttest) another biopsy was taken 3 cm proximally and 3 cm distally to the pretest incision. Muscle oxygenation status (tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) was measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Biopsy samples were analyzed for 40 key markers (mRNA and protein contents) of myocellular O2 sensing, inflammation, cell proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis and breakdown, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. In the pretest, all measurements were identical between proximal and distal biopsies. However, compared with the pretest, TOI in the posttest was reduced in the proximal (−10%, P < 0.05), but not in the distal area. Conversely, most inflammatory markers were upregulated at the distal (100–500%, P < 0.05), but not at the proximal site. Overall, 29 of the 40 markers measured, equally distributed over all pathways studied, were either up‐ or downregulated by 50–500% (P < 0.05). In addition, 19 markers yielded conflicting results between the proximal and distal measurements (P < 0.05). This study clearly documents that prior muscle biopsies can cause major disturbances in myocellular signaling pathways in needle biopsies specimens sampled 48 h later. In addition, different biopsy sites within identical experimental conditions yielded conflicting results. This study clearly demonstrates that skeletal muscle biopsying per se, at least by causing local tissue inflammation and/or topical deoxygenation, can substantially alter biochemical events happening in needle biopsy specimens sampled at a later day in the same muscle belly. It is crucial to take into account these potential artifacts whenever investigating the cellular mechanisms implicated in adaptation to exercise, recovery, or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group - Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
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199
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Posey AD, Swanson KE, Alvarez MG, Krishnan S, Earley JU, Band H, Pytel P, McNally EM, Demonbreun AR. EHD1 mediates vesicle trafficking required for normal muscle growth and transverse tubule development. Dev Biol 2014; 387:179-90. [PMID: 24440153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
EHD proteins have been implicated in intracellular trafficking, especially endocytic recycling, where they mediate receptor and lipid recycling back to the plasma membrane. Additionally, EHDs help regulate cytoskeletal reorganization and induce tubule formation. It was previously shown that EHD proteins bind directly to the C2 domains in myoferlin, a protein that regulates myoblast fusion. Loss of myoferlin impairs normal myoblast fusion leading to smaller muscles in vivo but the intracellular pathways perturbed by loss of myoferlin function are not well known. We now characterized muscle development in EHD1-null mice. EHD1-null myoblasts display defective receptor recycling and mislocalization of key muscle proteins, including caveolin-3 and Fer1L5, a related ferlin protein homologous to myoferlin. Additionally, EHD1-null myoblast fusion is reduced. We found that loss of EHD1 leads to smaller muscles and myofibers in vivo. In wildtype skeletal muscle EHD1 localizes to the transverse tubule (T-tubule), and loss of EHD1 results in overgrowth of T-tubules with excess vesicle accumulation in skeletal muscle. We provide evidence that tubule formation in myoblasts relies on a functional EHD1 ATPase domain. Moreover, we extended our studies to show EHD1 regulates BIN1 induced tubule formation. These data, taken together and with the known interaction between EHD and ferlin proteins, suggests that the EHD proteins coordinate growth and development likely through mediating vesicle recycling and the ability to reorganize the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Posey
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Swanson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Manuel G Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Swathi Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Judy U Earley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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200
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Gill LC, Ross HH, Lee KZ, Gonzalez-Rothi EJ, Dougherty BJ, Judge AR, Fuller DD. Rapid diaphragm atrophy following cervical spinal cord hemisection. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 192:66-73. [PMID: 24341999 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A cervical (C2) hemilesion (C2Hx), which disrupts ipsilateral bulbospinal inputs to the phrenic nucleus, was used to study diaphragm plasticity after acute spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that C2Hx would result in rapid atrophy of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm and increases in mRNA expression of proteolytic biomarkers. Diaphragm tissue was harvested from male Sprague-Dawley rats at 1 or 7 days following C2Hx. Histological analysis demonstrated reduction in cross-sectional area (CSA) of type I and IIa fibers in the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm at 1 but not 7 days. Type IIb/x fibers, however, had reduced CSA at 1 and 7 days. A targeted gene array was used to screen mRNA changes for genes associated with skeletal muscle myopathy and myogenesis; this was followed by qRT-PCR validation. Changes in diaphragm gene expression suggested that profound myoplasticity is initiated immediately following C2Hx including activation of both proteolytic and myogenic pathways. We conclude that an immediate myoplastic response occurs in the diaphragm after C2Hx with atrophy occurring in ipsilateral myofibers within 1 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gill
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - H H Ross
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - K Z Lee
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - E J Gonzalez-Rothi
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - B J Dougherty
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - A R Judge
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - D D Fuller
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 100154, 100 S. Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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