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Hillary RF, Stevenson AJ, McCartney DL, Campbell A, Walker RM, Howard DM, Ritchie CW, Horvath S, Hayward C, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, Evans KL, Marioni RE. Epigenetic measures of ageing predict the prevalence and incidence of leading causes of death and disease burden. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:115. [PMID: 32736664 PMCID: PMC7394682 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals of the same chronological age display different rates of biological ageing. A number of measures of biological age have been proposed which harness age-related changes in DNA methylation profiles. These measures include five 'epigenetic clocks' which provide an index of how much an individual's biological age differs from their chronological age at the time of measurement. The five clocks encompass methylation-based predictors of chronological age (HorvathAge, HannumAge), all-cause mortality (DNAm PhenoAge, DNAm GrimAge) and telomere length (DNAm Telomere Length). A sixth epigenetic measure of ageing differs from these clocks in that it acts as a speedometer providing a single time-point measurement of the pace of an individual's biological ageing. This measure of ageing is termed DunedinPoAm. In this study, we test the association between these six epigenetic measures of ageing and the prevalence and incidence of the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in high-income countries (n ≤ 9537, Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study). RESULTS DNAm GrimAge predicted incidence of clinically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease after 13 years of follow-up (hazard ratios = 2.22, 1.52 and 1.41, respectively). DunedinPoAm predicted the incidence of COPD and lung cancer (hazard ratios = 2.02 and 1.45, respectively). DNAm PhenoAge predicted incidence of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.54). DNAm Telomere Length associated with the incidence of ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio = 0.80). DNAm GrimAge associated with all-cause mortality, the prevalence of COPD and spirometry measures at the study baseline. These associations were present after adjusting for possible confounding risk factors including alcohol consumption, body mass index, deprivation, education and tobacco smoking and surpassed stringent Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that epigenetic measures of ageing may have utility in clinical settings to complement gold-standard methods for disease assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095-7088, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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152
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Cuevas AG, Greatorex-Voith S, Abuelezam N, Eckert N, Assari S. Educational mobility and telomere length in middle-aged and older adults: testing three alternative hypotheses. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2020; 66:220-235. [PMID: 34583600 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2021.1983760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical period, social mobility, and social accumulation are three hypotheses that may explain how educational mobility impacts health. Thus far, there is little evidence on how these processes are associated with biological aging as measured by telomere length. Using cross-sectional data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study, we examined the association between educational mobility (parental education and contemporaneous education) and telomere length. The final model is adjusted for sociodemographic factors and socioeconomic status, childhood adversity, and health behaviors/risk factors, as well as depressive symptoms. A total of 1,894 participants were included in the main analyses. High parental education was associated with longer telomere length in a fully adjusted model (B = 0.03, CI [0.002,0.07]). Downwardly mobile individuals (high parental education and low contemporaneous education) had longer telomere length compared to stably low individuals in a fully adjusted model (B = 0.05, CI [0.004,0.09]). There was support for the critical period hypothesis and partial support for the change hypothesis. There was no evidence to support the social accumulation hypothesis. Prospective studies are needed to understand the mechanism that can help further explain the association between educational mobility and telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Cuevas
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | | | - Nadia Abuelezam
- Boston College William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Ma, USA
| | - Natalie Eckert
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
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153
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Vaiciulis P, Liutkeviciene R, Liutkevicius V, Vilkeviciute A, Gedvilaite G, Uloza V. Association of Relative Leucocyte Telomere Length and Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ( TERT, TRF1, TNKS2) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:431-439. [PMID: 32576588 PMCID: PMC7367600 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The study aimed to evaluate associations of relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and polymorphisms of telomere length-associated genes TERT (rs2736098), TERT-CLPTM1L (rs401681), TRF1 (rs1545827, rs10107605) and TNKS2 (rs10509637, rs10509639) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 300 patients with LSCC and 369 healthy control subjects. Genotyping and relative LTL measuring were carried out using qPCR. RESULTS Relative LTL was statistically significantly shorter in the G3 (tumor differentiation grade) subgroup of patients with LSCC compared to the G1 and G2 subgroups. Significant differences were found in genotype distributions of TERT rs401681 and TNKS2 rs10509639 between the study groups. TERT rs401681 C/T and T/T genotypes were associated with approximately 30% decreased odds of LSCC development. CONCLUSION LTL was shorter in the G3 subgroup compared to the G2 and G1 subgroups of LSCC patients. TERT rs401681 and its C/T and T/T genotypes were associated with decreased odds of overall LSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Vaiciulis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vykintas Liutkevicius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Virgilijus Uloza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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154
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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155
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Moslem A, Rad A, de Prado Bert P, Alahabadi A, Ebrahimi Aval H, Miri M, Gholizadeh A, Ehrampoush MH, Sunyer J, Nawrot TS, Miri M, Dadvand P. Association of exposure to air pollution and telomere length in preschool children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137933. [PMID: 32213432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects; however, the available evidence of its association with telomere length (TL), an early marker of ageing, in children is still scarce with no study available for preschool children. This study aimed to investigate the association of exposure to air pollution and traffic indicators at home and kindergarten with relative leukocyte TL (LTL) in preschool children. This cross-sectional study included 200 preschool children (5-7 years old) recruited from 27 kindergartens in Sabzevar, Iran (2017). Outdoor annual average levels PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 at residential address and kindergartens were estimated applying land use regression (LUR) models. Moreover, indoor levels of PMs at kindergartens were measured for four days in each season resulting in a total of 16 days of measurements for each kindergarten. Total streets length in different buffers and distance to major road were calculated as traffic indicators at residential address and kindergartens. We applied quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure relative LTL in blood samples obtained from children. Mixed linear regression models were developed with qPCR plate and kindergarten as random effects, to estimate association of each pollutant and traffic indicator with LTL, controlled for relevant covariates. Higher concentrations of outdoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, at home and kindergartens were associated with shorter relative LTL. Similarly, increase in indoor PM2.5 concentrations at kindergartens was associated with shorter relative LTL (β = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.01, P-value < 0.01). Moreover, higher total street length in 100 m buffer around residence and lower residential distance to major roads were associated with shorter relative LTL (β = -0.25, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.13, P-value < 0.01, and 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.44, P-value < 0.01, respectively). Overall, our study suggested that higher exposure to air pollution and traffic at kindergarten and residential home were associated with shorter relative LTL in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moslem
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Paula de Prado Bert
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non-communicable diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Miri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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156
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Kuraszkiewicz B, Goszczyńska H, Podsiadły-Marczykowska T, Piotrkiewicz M, Andersen P, Gromicho M, Grosskreutz J, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Petri S, Stubbendorf B, Szacka K, Uysal H, de Carvalho M. Potential Preventive Strategies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:428. [PMID: 32528241 PMCID: PMC7264408 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It may seem useless to propose preventive measures for a disease without established pathogenesis and successful therapy, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, we will show that ALS shares essential molecular mechanisms with aging and that established anti-aging strategies, such as healthy diet or individually adjusted exercise, may be successfully applied to ameliorate the condition of ALS patients. These strategies might be applied for prevention if persons at ALS risk could be identified early enough. Recent research advances indicate that this may happen soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuraszkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Goszczyńska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Podsiadły-Marczykowska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Piotrkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Gromicho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Grosskreutz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - S Petri
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - B Stubbendorf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - K Szacka
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Uysal
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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157
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Telomere-based risk models for the early diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 24:88-95. [PMID: 32367011 PMCID: PMC8012205 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to explore telomere-associated variables (TAV) as complementary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), analyzing their application in risk models for significant PCa (Gleason score > 6). Methods As part of a larger prospective longitudinal study of patients with suspicion of PCa undergoing prostate biopsy according to clinical practice, a subgroup of patients (n = 401) with PSA 3–10 ng/ml and no prior biopsies was used to evaluate the contribution of TAV to discern non-significant PCa from significant PCa. The cohort was randomly split for training (2/3) and validation (1/3) of the models. High-throughput quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization was used to evaluate TAV in peripheral blood mononucleated cells. Models were generated following principal component analysis and random forest and their utility as risk predictors was evaluated by analyzing their predictive capacity and accuracy, summarized by ROC curves, and their clinical benefit with decision curves analysis. Results The median age of the patients was 63 years, with a median PSA of 5 ng/ml and a percentage of PCa diagnosis of 40.6% and significant PCa of 19.2%. Two TAV-based risk models were selected (TAV models 1 and 2) with an AUC ≥ 0.83 in the full study cohort, and AUC > 0.76 in the internal validation cohort. Both models showed an improvement in decision capacity when compared to the application of the PCPT-RC in the low-risk probabilities range. In the validation cohort, with TAV models 1 and 2, 33% /48% of biopsies would have been avoided losing 0/10.3% of significant PCa, respectively. The models were also tested and validated on an independent, retrospective, non contemporary cohort. Conclusions Telomere analysis through TAV should be considered as a new risk-score biomarker with potential to increase the prediction capacity of significant PCa in patients with PSA between 3–10 ng/ml.
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158
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Bersani FS, Canevelli M, Cesari M, Maggioni E, Pasquini M, Wolkowitz OM, Ferracuti S, Biondi M, Bruno G. Frailty Index as a clinical measure of biological age in psychiatry. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:183-187. [PMID: 32174476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious mental illnesses may be characterized by accelerated biological aging, and over the last years the research on the topic has been stimulated by studies exploring the molecular underpinnings of senescence. METHODS In the present manuscript we propose that measuring frailty, a general product of organismal ageing, through the "Frailty Index" (FI), a recently-emerged macroscopic indicator of functional status and biological age, adds an important marker to the measurements currently implemented in the study of accelerated biological age in psychiatric illnesses. RESULTS The FI quantifies functional negative health attributes and measures their cumulative effect, thus providing a useful estimate of the individual's biological age and risk profile. Recent studies in older adults have observed significant associations between FI and molecular measures of aging. LIMITATIONS High FI values can be driven by causes different from aging per se, so FI may be a sensitive but not specific measure of biological aging. CONCLUSIONS FI, which is extensively used in geriatrics and gerontology but it has rarely been used in relation to mental health, may be of relevance in the evaluation of age-related phenomena associated with psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca, Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Biondi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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159
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Fazzini F, Lamina C, Raschenberger J, Schultheiss UT, Kotsis F, Schönherr S, Weissensteiner H, Forer L, Steinbrenner I, Meiselbach H, Bärthlein B, Wanner C, Eckardt KU, Köttgen A, Kronenberg F. Results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study support association of relative telomere length with mortality in a large cohort of patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 98:488-497. [PMID: 32641227 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is known to be inversely associated with aging and has been proposed as a marker for aging-related diseases. Telomere attrition can be accelerated by oxidative stress and inflammation, both commonly present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated whether relative telomere length is associated with mortality in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease stage G3 and A1-3 or G1-2 with overt proteinuria (A3) at enrollment. Relative telomere length was quantified in peripheral blood by a quantitative PCR method in 4,955 patients from the GCKD study, an ongoing prospective observational cohort. Complete four-year follow-up was available from 4,926 patients in whom we recorded 354 deaths. Relative telomere length was a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Each decrease of 0.1 relative telomere length unit was highly associated with a 14% increased risk of death (hazard ratio1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.06-1.22]) in a model adjusted for age, sex, baseline eGFR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, diabetes mellitus, prevalent cardiovascular disease, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein and serum albumin. This translated to a 75% higher risk for those in the lowest compared to the highest quartile of relative telomere length. The association was mainly driven by 117 cardiovascular deaths (1.20 [1.05-1.35]) as well as 67 deaths due to infections (1.27 [1.07-1.50]). Thus, our findings support an association of shorter telomere length with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and death due to infections in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fazzini
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Raschenberger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bärthlein
- Medical Centre for Information and Communication Technology (MIK), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Erusalimsky JD. Oxidative stress, telomeres and cellular senescence: What non-drug interventions might break the link? Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:87-95. [PMID: 32061901 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are higher order structures that cap and protect chromosome ends. Telomeric DNA naturally shortens during somatic cell division and as a result of oxidative stress. Excessive shortening disrupts the integrity of the telomere, causing cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of organismal ageing. The accumulation of senescent cells with ageing contributes to the loss of tissue homeostasis and the development of age-related pathologies. Hence, counteracting telomere shortening may be one relevant approach to develop strategies for healthier ageing. In this review I present the case for the existence of a link between oxidative stress, accelerated telomere shortening and cellular senescence. I also examine findings from human observational studies exploring associations between telomere length and oxidative stress-related parameters. Finally, I discuss results from randomised control trials testing the impact of non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions on the maintenance of telomere length, considering the potential mechanisms that might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D Erusalimsky
- The Cellular Senescence and Pathophysiology Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, United Kingdom.
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161
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Nemirovich-Danchenko NM, Khodanovich MY. Telomerase Gene Editing in the Neural Stem Cells in vivo as a Possible New Approach against Brain Aging. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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162
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Rej PH, Bondy MH, Lin J, Prather AA, Kohrt BA, Worthman CM, Eisenberg DTA. Telomere length analysis from minimally-invasively collected samples: Methods development and meta-analysis of the validity of different sampling techniques: American Journal of Human Biology. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23410. [PMID: 32189404 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Telomeres are the protective caps of chromosomes. They shorten with cell replication, age, and possibly environmental stimuli (eg, infection and stress). Short telomere length (TL) predicts subsequent worse health. Although venous whole blood (VWB) is most commonly used for TL measurement, other, more minimally invasive, sampling techniques are becoming increasingly common due to their field-friendliness, allowing for feasible measurement in low-resource contexts. We conducted statistical validation work for measuring TL in dried blood spots (DBS) and incorporated our results into a meta-analysis evaluating minimally invasive sampling techniques to measure TL. METHODS We isolated DNA extracts from DBS using a modified extraction protocol and tested how they endured different shipping conditions and long-term cryostorage. We then included our in-house DBS TL validation statistics (correlation values with VWB TL and age) in a series of meta-analyses of results from 24 other studies that published similar associations for values between TL measured in DBS, saliva, and buccal cells. RESULTS Our modified DBS extraction technique produced DNA yields that were roughly twice as large as previously recorded. Partially extracted DBS DNA was stable for 7 days at room temperature, and still provided reliable TL measurements, as determined by external validation statistics. In our meta-analysis, DBS TL had the highest external validity, followed by saliva, and then buccal cells-possibly reflecting similarities/differences in cellular composition vs VWB. CONCLUSIONS DBS DNA is the best proxy for VWB from the three minimally-invasively specimen types evaluated and can be used to expand TL research to diverse settings and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Rej
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Madison H Bondy
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carol M Worthman
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dan T A Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Telomere length has been hypothesized as a putative biomarker for cardiovascular disease. However, the findings are mixed and shared confounding factors may explain these associations. The current review aims to summarize the recent literature on the role of telomere length in cardiovascular disease and give directions for future potential as a predictive biomarker. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we outline the biology of telomeres as a biomarker of aging through its shortening capacity across the life course. Recent epidemiological evidence for its associations with cardiovascular risk factors and disease is discussed. Then we highlight the possible causal role of telomeres in coronary heart disease and summarize the potential biological mechanisms and pathways known. SUMMARY The current research and results presented on telomere length may implicate that short telomeres are causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease, partially through insulin-mediated pathways. Nevertheless, further studies with refined quantification methods and larger populations are needed to clarify the added role of telomere length in predicting future risks of cardiovascular disease on top of existing risk biomarkers, and whether it may be amenable for intervention.
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164
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Li X, Ploner A, Wang Y, Magnusson PKE, Reynolds C, Finkel D, Pedersen NL, Jylhävä J, Hägg S. Longitudinal trajectories, correlations and mortality associations of nine biological ages across 20-years follow-up. eLife 2020; 9:e51507. [PMID: 32041686 PMCID: PMC7012595 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological age measurements (BAs) assess aging-related physiological change and predict health risks among individuals of the same chronological age (CA). Multiple BAs have been proposed and are well studied individually but not jointly. We included 845 individuals and 3973 repeated measurements from a Swedish population-based cohort and examined longitudinal trajectories, correlations, and mortality associations of nine BAs across 20 years follow-up. We found the longitudinal growth of functional BAs accelerated around age 70; average levels of BA curves differed by sex across the age span (50-90 years). All BAs were correlated to varying degrees; correlations were mostly explained by CA. Individually, all BAs except for telomere length were associated with mortality risk independently of CA. The largest effects were seen for methylation age estimators (GrimAge) and the frailty index (FI). In joint models, two methylation age estimators (Horvath and GrimAge) and FI remained predictive, suggesting they are complementary in predicting mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Chandra Reynolds
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Department of PsychologyIndiana University SoutheastNew AlbanyUnited States
- Institute for GerontologyJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Beijers R, Hartman S, Shalev I, Hastings W, Mattern BC, de Weerth C, Belsky J. Testing three hypotheses about effects of sensitive-insensitive parenting on telomeres. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:237-250. [PMID: 31961192 PMCID: PMC7391860 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the protective DNA-protein sequences appearing at the ends of chromosomes; they shorten with each cell division and are considered a biomarker of aging. Shorter telomere length and greater erosion have been associated with compromised physical and mental health and are hypothesized to be affected by early life stress. In the latter case, most work has relied on retrospective measures of early life stressors. The Dutch research (n = 193) presented herein tested 3 hypotheses prospectively regarding effects of sensitive-insensitive parenting during the first 2.5 years on telomere length at age 6, when first measured, and change over the following 4 years. It was predicted that (1) less sensitive parenting would predict shorter telomeres and greater erosion and that such effects would be most pronounced in children (2) exposed to prenatal stress and/or (3) who were highly negatively emotional as infants. Results revealed, only, that prenatal stress amplified parenting effects on telomere change-in a differential-susceptibility-related manner: Prenatally stressed children displayed more erosion when they experienced insensitive parenting and less erosion when they experienced sensitive parenting. Mechanisms that might initiate greater postnatal plasticity as a result of prenatal stress are highlighted and future work outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies
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166
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de Pedro N, Díez M, García I, García J, Otero L, Fernández L, García B, González R, Rincón S, Pérez D, Rodríguez E, Segovia E, Najarro P. Analytical Validation of Telomere Analysis Technology® for the High-Throughput Analysis of Multiple Telomere-Associated Variables. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:2. [PMID: 31956299 PMCID: PMC6961256 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of studies have suggested a correlation between the status of telomeres and disease risk. High-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (HT Q-FISH) is a highly accurate telomere measurement technique that can be applied to the study of large cell populations. Here we describe the analytical performance testing and validation of Telomere Analysis Technology (TAT®), a laboratory-developed HT Q-FISH-based methodology that includes HT imaging and software workflows that provide a highly detailed view of telomere populations. Methods TAT was developed for the analysis of telomeres in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). TAT was compared with Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) length analysis, and tested for accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LOD) and specificity, reportable range and reference range. Results Using 6 different lymphocyte cell lines, we found a high correlation between TAT and TRF for telomere length (R2 ≥ 0.99). The standard variation (assay error) of TAT was 454 base pairs, and the limit of detection of 800 base pairs. A standard curve was constructed to cover human median reportable range values and defined its lower limit at 4700 bp and upper limits at 14,400 bp. Using TAT, up to 223 telomere associated variables (TAVs) can be obtained from a single sample. A pilot, population study, of telomere analysis using TAT revealed high accuracy and reliability of the methodology. Conclusions Analytical validation of TAT shows that is a robust and reliable technique for the characterization of a detailed telomere profile in large cell populations. The combination of high-throughput imaging and software workflows allows for the collection of a large number of telomere-associated variables from each sample, which can then be used in epidemiological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Díez
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge García
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rut González
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rincón
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Pérez
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Najarro
- Life Length SL, Miguel Ángel 11, 28010 Madrid, Spain
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167
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Pineda-Pampliega J, Herrera-Dueñas A, Mulder E, Aguirre JI, Höfle U, Verhulst S. Antioxidant supplementation slows telomere shortening in free-living white stork chicks. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20191917. [PMID: 31937223 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) and shortening is increasingly shown to predict variation in survival and lifespan, raising the question of what causes variation in these traits. Oxidative stress is well known to accelerate telomere attrition in vitro, but its importance in vivo is largely hypothetical. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by supplementing white stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks with antioxidants. Individuals received either a control treatment, or a supply of tocopherol (vitamin E) and selenium, which both have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant treatment increased the concentration of tocopherol for up to two weeks after treatment but did not affect growth. Using the telomere restriction fragment technique, we evaluated erythrocyte TL and its dynamics. Telomeres shortened significantly over the 21 days between the baseline and final sample, independent of sex, mass, size and hatching order. The antioxidant treatment significantly mitigated shortening rate of average TL (-31% in shorter telomeres; percentiles 10th, 20th and 30th). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress shortens telomeres in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Herrera-Dueñas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Mulder
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José I Aguirre
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ursula Höfle
- SaBio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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168
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Abstract
Objective: Telomeres are the caps at the end of chromosomes. Short telomeres are a biomarker for worsening health and early death.Design: The present study consolidated research on meditation and telomere length through a meta-analysis of results of studies examining the effect of meditation on telomere length by comparing the telomere length of meditating participants with participants in control conditions.Results: A search of the literature identified 11 studies reporting 12 comparisons of meditating individuals with individuals in control conditions. An overall significant weighted effect size of g =.40 indicated that the individuals in meditation conditions had longer telomeres. When an outlier effect size was trimmed from the analysis, the effect size was smaller, g =.16. Across studies, a greater number of hours of meditation among participants in meditation conditions was associated with larger effect sizes.Conclusion: These findings provide tentative support for the hypothesis that participants in meditation conditions have longer telomeres than participants in comparison conditions, and that a greater number of hours of meditation is associated with a greater impact on telomere biology. The results of the meta-analysis have potential clinical significance in that they suggest that meditation-based interventions may prevent telomere attrition or increase telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Malouff
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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169
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Gampawar P, Schmidt R, Schmidt H. Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Related to Brain Parenchymal Fraction and Attention/Speed in the Elderly: Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:100. [PMID: 32180739 PMCID: PMC7059269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are controversial results if leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is related to structural brain changes and cognitive decline in aging. Here, we investigated the association between LTL and 1) global MRI correlates of brain aging such as brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) load and Fazekas score as well as 2) global (g-factor) and domain-specific cognition such as attention/speed, conceptualization, memory, and visuopractical skills. In total, 909 participants of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study with LTL, MRI, and cognitive tests were included. There were 388 (42.7%) men, and the mean age was 65.9 years. Longer LTL was significantly associated with larger BPF (β = 0.43, p < 0.001), larger WMH load (β = 0.03, p = 0.04), and score (β = 0.05, p = 0.04) after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, and ApoE4 carrier status. The effect on BPF was more significant in the subgroups of women (β = 0.51, p = 0.001), age >65 years (β = 0.58, p = 0.002), BMI ≥ 25 (β = 0.40, p = 0.004), education ≤10 years (β = 0.42, p = 0.002), hypertensives (β = 0.51, p = 0.001), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (β = 0.58, p = 0.005), non-diabetics (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), and Apoe4 non-carriers (β = 0.49, p < 0.001). The effect on WMH was significant within the hypertensives (load: β = 0.04, p = 0.02), non-diabetics (load:β = 0.03, p = 0.01; score: β = 0.06, p = 0.02), in those with education ≤10 years (load: β = 0.03, p = 0.04; score: β = 0.07, p = 0.02), in ApoE4 non-carriers (load: β = 0.03, p = 0.02; score: β = 0.07, p = 0.01) and in subjects without CVD (score: β = 0.06, p = 0.05). We only observed a significant association between LTL and the cognitive domain of attention/speed, which was confined to the subgroups of BMI ≥ 25 (β = 0.04, p = 0.05) and education ≤10 years (β = 0.04, p = 0.05). The effect of LTL on attention/speed was partly mediated in both subgroups by BPF (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01:0.03) when tested by bootstrapping. Our results support a strong protective role of longer LTL on global brain volume which in turn may contribute to better cognitive functions, especially in the attention/speed domain in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gampawar
- Research Unit-Genetic Epidemiology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Research Unit-Genetic Epidemiology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Epel ES. Can Childhood Adversity Affect Telomeres of the Next Generation? Possible Mechanisms, Implications, and Next-Generation Research. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:7-9. [PMID: 31892296 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa S Epel
- Dr. Epel is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
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171
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Wang L, Koenig HG, Al Shohaib S, Wang Z. Religiosity, depression and telomere length in Chinese older adults. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:624-628. [PMID: 31541974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism explaining how religiosity is linked to telomere length (TL) is unclear. The current study examines depression as a possible mediator. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 1,742 community-dwelling residents aged 55 or over, the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were administrated during a routine health check. Peripheral blood leukocyte TL was determined using a q-PCR procedure. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program was used to detect mediation. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic variables, the religiosity was positively correlated with TL (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with depressive symptom (p<0.001). Depressive symptoms, in turn, was negatively correlated with TL (p<0.05) in the overall sample. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between religiosity and TL (explaining 31.8% of the total variance) in the 65 years and older subgroup (p = 0.015). No significant mediation was found in the 55-64 age subgroup. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design prevents making causal inferences. The non-random sampling method used in selecting participants may affect the external validity of the findings in terms of generalizing to Muslims throughout China or other religious groups. Potential mediators of the relationship between religiosity and TL and confounders such as physical health status, were not assessed. CONCLUSION Religiosity was positively associated with TL in older mainland Chinese adults, and this association was partially mediated by depressive symptom in the 65 or older age group. This finding helps to explain why religiosity is related to cellular aging in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al Shohaib
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health of Zunyi Medical University, China.
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Lever-van Milligen BA, Verhoeven JE, Schmaal L, van Velzen LS, Révész D, Black CN, Han LKM, Horsfall M, Batelaan NM, van Balkom AJLM, van Schaik DJF, van Oppen P, Penninx BWJH. The impact of depression and anxiety treatment on biological aging and metabolic stress: study protocol of the MOod treatment with antidepressants or running (MOTAR) study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:425. [PMID: 31888565 PMCID: PMC6937704 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders have shown to be associated to premature or advanced biological aging and consequently to adversely impact somatic health. Treatments with antidepressant medication or running therapy are both found to be effective for many but not all patients with mood and anxiety disorders. These interventions may, however, work through different pathophysiological mechanisms and could differ in their impact on biological aging and somatic health. This study protocol describes the design of an unique intervention study that examines whether both treatments are similarly effective in reducing or reversing biological aging (primary outcome), psychiatric status, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators (secondary outcomes). METHODS The MOod Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study will recruit a total of 160 patients with a current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder in a mental health care setting. Patients will receive a 16-week treatment with either antidepressant medication or running therapy (3 times/week). Patients will undergo the treatment of their preference and a subsample will be randomized (1:1) to overcome preference bias. An additional no-disease-no-treatment group of 60 healthy controls without lifetime psychopathology, will be included as comparison group for primary and secondary outcomes at baseline. Assessments are done at week 0 for patients and controls, and at week 16 and week 52 for patients only, including written questionnaires, a psychiatric and medical examination, blood, urine and saliva collection and a cycle ergometer test, to gather information about biological aging (telomere length and telomerase activity), mental health (depression and anxiety disorder characteristics), general fitness, metabolic stress-related biomarkers (inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cortisol) and genetic determinants. In addition, neurobiological alterations in brain processes will be assessed using structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a subsample of at least 25 patients per treatment arm and in all controls. DISCUSSION This intervention study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of antidepressant medication and running therapy on biological aging, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders in order to guide a more personalized medicine treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trialregister.nl Number of identification: NTR3460, May 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. Lever-van Milligen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josine E. Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. van Velzen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine N. Black
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Horsfall
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. L. M. van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Digna J. F. van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Navarro-Mateu F, Rubio-Aparicio M, Cayuela P, Álvarez FJ, Roca-Vega A, Chirlaque MD, Cayuela ML, Husky M, Martínez S, Sánchez-Meca J. The association of telomere length with substance use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:298. [PMID: 31787100 PMCID: PMC6886210 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present protocol was designed for a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the association of telomere length with substance use disorders with the exclusion of nicotine addiction, and to identify potential moderators of the effect of telomere length. Such methodological information may provide guidance to improve the quality of future research on this important topic. METHODS Potential studies will be identified through electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) up from inception onwards. The inclusion criteria will include published or unpublished observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies) reporting telomere length in adult patients with substance use disorder compared with a control group. Non-human studies or other study designs such as reviews, case-only, family-based, and/or population studies with only healthy participants will be excluded, as well as those focused solely on nicotine addiction. The main outcome will be telomere length in adults with substance use disorder (primary) and, specifically, in those with alcohol use disorder (secondary). Two investigators will independently evaluate the preselected studies for possible inclusion and will extract data following a standardized protocol. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus. The risk of bias of all included studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for non-randomized studies. Data will be converted into standardized mean differences as effect size index, and random-effects models will be used for the meta-analysis. Cochran's Q statistic, I2 index, and visual inspection of the forest plot will be used to verify study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions will be conducted to ascertain heterogeneity. Several sensitivity analyses will be conducted to address the influence of potential confounding factors. Publication bias will be examined using the "funnel plot" method with Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method and Egger test. DISCUSSION This systematic review will assess the association of telomere length with substance use disorders aside from nicotine addiction. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42019119785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, c/ Lorca, n° 58, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. .,Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Pedro Cayuela
- Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Cartagena, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Álvarez
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, c/ Lorca, n° 58, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Roca-Vega
- Biblioteca Virtual MurciaSalud, Centro Tecnológico de Información y Documentación Sanitaria, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Cayuela
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mathilde Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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174
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Biological embedding of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: The potential role of cortisol and telomere length. Biol Psychol 2019; 150:107809. [PMID: 31734351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although maternal postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are associated with child behavior problems, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Thus, the current study focused on 193 healthy mother-child dyads and investigated child cortisol and telomere length as potential mediating factors. At 3 and 6 months postpartum, mothers reported on PDS. At age 6, children provided saliva and buccal swab samples. At age 10, mothers and children reported on child behavior problems. Structural equation modelling revealed (a) no association between PDS and child behavior problems and thus no possibility of mediation, but that (b) lower cortisol forecast more child-reported internalizing problems, and (c) shorter telomere length predicted more child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings raise mediational questions about the determinants of these biomarkers.
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175
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The association of mean telomere length with all-cause, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:220736. [PMID: 31647542 PMCID: PMC6822529 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mean telomere length (MLT) is a marker of cell aging and may associate with age-related diseases. However, the relationship between MLT and mortality risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MLT and all-cause, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality among adults in United States. We analyzed data were from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2002) with follow-up data through 31 December 2015. Based on MLT, participants were categorized into low, middle and high groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, subgroup analysis and generalized additive model (GAM) were performed by using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 7827 participants were included in analysis (48.18% male). After 158.26 months of follow-up on average, there were 1876 (23.97%), 87 (1.11%) and 243 (3.10%) onset of all-cause, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality. After adjustment for potential confounders, using the low group as the reference, HRs for all-cause (0.87 and 0.86), cerebrovascular (0.75 and 0.75) and cardiovascular mortality (1.01 and 0.69) for the middle to high groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05 for trend). MLT was non-linearly related to all-cause mortality but not to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality. It was the first study to demonstrate the non-linear relationship between MLT and all-cause mortality.
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176
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Serum and Dietary Folate and Vitamin B 12 Levels Account for Differences in Cellular Aging: Evidence Based on Telomere Findings in 5581 U.S. Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4358717. [PMID: 31687079 PMCID: PMC6800923 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4358717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Folate and vitamin B12 are essential for a variety of metabolic processes. Both micronutrients have been shown to reduce oxidative stress significantly. The present cross-sectional investigation evaluated the association between serum and dietary folate and vitamin B12 levels and leukocyte telomere length, an index of cellular aging influenced by oxidative stress. The study included 5581 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Because participants were randomly selected, results are generalizable to all civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. A blood draw provided DNA and serum folate and B12 information. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure telomere length. The Bio-Rad Quantaphase II folate and vitamin B12 radioassay kit was used to quantify levels of folate and vitamin B12. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 were assessed using a multipass 24 h recall. In some models, age, race, smoking pack-years, alcohol use, body mass index, total physical activity, hours fasted before the blood draw, and diabetes status were employed as covariates to minimize their influence. Findings showed that for each additional year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter, on average (F = 378.8, p < 0.0001). Men had shorter telomeres than women after adjusting for all the covariates (F = 6.8, p = 0.0146). Serum (F = 10.5, p = 0.0030) and dietary (F = 5.0, p = 0.0325) folate concentrations were each linearly related to telomere length in women, but not in men, after controlling for age and race. Serum vitamin B12 and telomere length had a nonsignificant, inverse relationship in women, with age and race controlled (F = 2.8, p = 0.1056), but no relation in men. Dietary vitamin B12 was linearly related to telomere length in women, after adjusting for age and race (F = 4.3, p = 0.0468), but not in men. Overall, evidence indicates that folate and vitamin B12 levels, especially folate, account for meaningful differences in cell aging in women, but not in men.
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177
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Saenen ND, Martens DS, Neven KY, Alfano R, Bové H, Janssen BG, Roels HA, Plusquin M, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS. Air pollution-induced placental alterations: an interplay of oxidative stress, epigenetics, and the aging phenotype? Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:124. [PMID: 31530287 PMCID: PMC6749657 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" (DOHaD) concept, the early-life environment is a critical period for fetal programming. Given the epidemiological evidence that air pollution exposure during pregnancy adversely affects newborn outcomes such as birth weight and preterm birth, there is a need to pay attention to underlying modes of action to better understand not only these air pollution-induced early health effects but also its later-life consequences. In this review, we give an overview of air pollution-induced placental molecular alterations observed in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort and evaluate the existing evidence. In general, we showed that prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with nitrosative stress and epigenetic alterations in the placenta. Adversely affected CpG targets were involved in cellular processes including DNA repair, circadian rhythm, and energy metabolism. For miRNA expression, specific air pollution exposure windows were associated with altered miR-20a, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-222 expression. Early-life aging markers including telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content are associated with air pollution exposure during pregnancy. Previously, we proposed the air pollution-induced telomere-mitochondrial aging hypothesis with a direct link between telomeres and mitochondria. Here, we extend this view with a potential co-interaction of different biological mechanisms on the level of placental oxidative stress, epigenetics, aging, and energy metabolism. Investigating the placenta is an opportunity for future research as it may help to understand the fundamental biology underpinning the DOHaD concept through the interactions between the underlying modes of action, prenatal environment, and disease risk in later life. To prevent lasting consequences from early-life exposures of air pollution, policy makers should get a basic understanding of biomolecular consequences and transgenerational risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - D. S. Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - K. Y. Neven
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - R. Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - H. Bové
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - B. G. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - H. A. Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - M. Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - K. Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - T. S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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178
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Socio-Economic Position Under the Microscope: Getting ‘Under the Skin’ and into the Cells. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-019-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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179
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinical, epidemiological, and biological evidence raises the possibility that serious mental disorders (SMDs) are associated with accelerated biological aging. To the extent this is true; SMDs should not simply be considered in terms of mental illness or brain dysfunction, but also as 'whole body' and multisystem illnesses, or else as conditions with significant somatic concomitants. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of accelerated biological aging in SMDs is supported by reports of accelerated changes in certain biomarkers normally associated with the aging process. SUMMARY We define and discuss several proposed biological aging markers that have been examined in SMDs, we review the most recent findings, and we conclude with opinions regarding the merits and meanings of these markers, their usefulness in understanding and treating SMDs, and remaining questions and future directions in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Saverio Bersani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
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180
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Araújo Carvalho AC, Tavares Mendes ML, da Silva Reis MC, Santos VS, Tanajura DM, Martins-Filho PRS. Telomere length and frailty in older adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100914. [PMID: 31170457 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening has been proposed as a potentially useful biomarker of human ageing and age-related morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize results from individual studies on the telomere length according to the frailty status and frailty index in older adults. We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases to identify studies that evaluated the telomere length in frail and non-frail older adults and the relationship between telomere length and frailty index score. We used the base pairs (bp) as a measure of the telomere length. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Nine studies were included in the present systematic review and a total of 10,079 older adults were analyzed. We found that the frail older adults (n = 355) had shorter telomeres than the non-frail (n = 1894) (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] -0.41; 95% CI -0.73 to -0.09; P = 0.01; I2 = 82%). Significant differences in telomere length between frail and non-frail older adults were identified in Hispanic (SMD -1.31; 95% CI -1.71 to -0.92; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) but not in Non-Hispanic countries (SMD -0.13; 95% CI -0.26 to 0.00; P = 0.06; I2 = 0%). Similar results were found in the adjusted meta-analysis (SMD -0.56; 95% -1.12 to 0.00; P = 0.05; I2 = 85%). A significant but weak relationship was found between telomere length and frailty index analyzing 8244 individuals (SMD -0.06; 95% IC -0.10 to 0.01; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%). The current available evidence suggests that telomere length may be not a meaningful biomarker for frailty. Because the potential influence of ethnicity in shortening of telomeres and decline in physiologic reserves associated with aging, additional multiethnic studies are needed.
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181
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The protective function of non-coding DNA in DNA damage accumulation with age and its roles in age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:741-761. [PMID: 31473864 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive decline of physiological function in tissue and organ accompanying both accumulation of DNA damage and reduction of non-coding DNA. Peripheral non-coding DNA/heterochromatin has been proposed to protect the genome and centrally-located protein-coding sequences in soma and male germ cells against radiation and the invasion of exogenous nucleic acids. Therefore, this review summarizes the reduction of non-coding DNA/heterochromatin (including telomeric DNA and rDNA) and DNA damage accumulation during normal physiological aging and in various aging-related diseases. Based on analysis of data, it is found that DNA damage accumulation is roughly negatively correlated with the reduction of non-coding DNA and therefore speculated that DNA damage accumulation is likely due to the reduction of non-coding DNA protection in genome defense during aging. Therefore, it is proposed here that means to increase the total amount of non-coding DNA and/or heterochromatin prior to the onset of these diseases could potentially better protect the genome and protein-coding DNA, reduce the incidence of aging-related diseases, and thus lead to better health during aging.
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182
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Han LKM, Verhoeven JE, Tyrka AR, Penninx BWJH, Wolkowitz OM, Månsson KNT, Lindqvist D, Boks MP, Révész D, Mellon SH, Picard M. Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: Current challenges and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:293-311. [PMID: 31154264 PMCID: PMC6589133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with complex biological changes that can be accelerated, slowed, or even temporarily reversed by biological and non-biological factors. This article focuses on the link between biological aging, psychological stressors, and mental illness. Rather than comprehensively reviewing this rapidly expanding field, we highlight challenges in this area of research and propose potential strategies to accelerate progress in this field. This effort requires the interaction of scientists across disciplines - including biology, psychiatry, psychology, and epidemiology; and across levels of analysis that emphasize different outcome measures - functional capacity, physiological, cellular, and molecular. Dialogues across disciplines and levels of analysis naturally lead to new opportunities for discovery but also to stimulating challenges. Some important challenges consist of 1) establishing the best objective and predictive biological age indicators or combinations of indicators, 2) identifying the basis for inter-individual differences in the rate of biological aging, and 3) examining to what extent interventions can delay, halt or temporarily reverse aging trajectories. Discovering how psychological states influence biological aging, and vice versa, has the potential to create novel and exciting opportunities for healthcare and possibly yield insights into the fundamental mechanisms that drive human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K M Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine E Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Butler Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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183
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Cañadas-Garre M, Anderson K, Cappa R, Skelly R, Smyth LJ, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP. Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease - Some More Pieces for the Heritability Puzzle. Front Genet 2019; 10:453. [PMID: 31214239 PMCID: PMC6554557 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem with an increasing prevalence partly driven by aging population structure. Both genomic and environmental factors contribute to this complex heterogeneous disease. CKD heritability is estimated to be high (30-75%). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GWAS meta-analyses have identified several genetic loci associated with CKD, including variants in UMOD, SHROOM3, solute carriers, and E3 ubiquitin ligases. However, these genetic markers do not account for all the susceptibility to CKD, and the causal pathways remain incompletely understood; other factors must be contributing to the missing heritability. Less investigated biological factors such as telomere length; mitochondrial proteins, encoded by nuclear genes or specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded genes; structural variants, such as copy number variants (CNVs), insertions, deletions, inversions and translocations are poorly covered and may explain some of the missing heritability. The sex chromosomes, often excluded from GWAS studies, may also help explain gender imbalances in CKD. In this review, we outline recent findings on molecular biomarkers for CKD (telomeres, CNVs, mtDNA variants, sex chromosomes) that typically have received less attention than gene polymorphisms. Shorter telomere length has been associated with renal dysfunction and CKD progression, however, most publications report small numbers of subjects with conflicting findings. CNVs have been linked to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, posterior urethral valves, nephronophthisis and immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Information on mtDNA biomarkers for CKD comes primarily from case reports, therefore the data are scarce and diverse. The most consistent finding is the A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene, mainly associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Only one GWAS has found associations between X-chromosome and renal function (rs12845465 and rs5987107). No loci in the Y-chromosome have reached genome-wide significance. In conclusion, despite the efforts to find the genetic basis of CKD, it remains challenging to explain all of the heritability with currently available methods and datasets. Although additional biomarkers have been investigated in less common suspects such as telomeres, CNVs, mtDNA and sex chromosomes, hidden heritability in CKD remains elusive, and more comprehensive approaches, particularly through the integration of multiple -"omics" data, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Anderson
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ruaidhri Cappa
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Skelly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jane Smyth
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Peter Maxwell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
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184
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Eisenberg DTA, Lee NR, Rej PH, Hayes MG, Kuzawa CW. Older paternal ages and grandpaternal ages at conception predict longer telomeres in human descendants. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190800. [PMID: 31138065 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) declines with age in most human tissues, and shorter TL appears to accelerate senescence. By contrast, men's sperm TL is positively correlated with age. Correspondingly, in humans, older paternal age at conception (PAC) predicts longer offspring TL. We have hypothesized that this PAC effect could persist across multiple generations, and thereby contribute to a transgenerational genetic plasticity that increases expenditures on somatic maintenance as the average age at reproduction is delayed within a lineage. Here, we examine TL data from 3282 humans together with PAC data across four generations. In this sample, the PAC effect is detectable in children and grandchildren. The PAC effect is transmitted through the matriline and patriline with similar strength and is characterized by a generational decay. PACs of more distant male ancestors were not significant predictors, although statistical power was limited in these analyses. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the PAC effect is linear, not moderated by offspring age, or maternal age, and is robust to controls for income, urbanicity and ancestry. These findings show that TL reflects the age at the reproduction of recent male matrilineal and patrilineal ancestors, with an effect that decays across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan T A Eisenberg
- 1 Department of Anthropology, University of Washington , Campus Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195 , USA.,2 Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington , Campus Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- 3 USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos , Cebu City , Philippines.,4 Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos , Cebu City , Philippines
| | - Peter H Rej
- 1 Department of Anthropology, University of Washington , Campus Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- 5 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.,6 Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.,7 Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- 7 Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA.,8 Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
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185
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Years of caregiving for chronically ill and disabled family members is not associated with telomere length in the Philippines. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:188-194. [PMID: 30711895 PMCID: PMC6506163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring for chronically disabled family members is a stressful experience. In turn, psychosocial stress is linked to premature aging. Telomere length (TL) is a plastic genetic trait that is a biomarker of aging, and a possible mechanism linking psychosocial stress and accelerated aging. METHODS TL was measured using qPCR method from blood samples in 1233 Filipino adults from Cebu, Philippines. Caregiving was measured as chronicity of care, or the sum total number of years an individual was the primary caregiver for any household member with a chronic illness or disability. Linear regression models were used to test for associations between chronicity of care and TL. Interaction terms were used to test whether or not the association between chronicity of care and TL differed by sex, age, and relationship to the caregiver. Specific statistical designs were publicly pre-registered before analysis began. RESULTS Chronicity of care was not associated with TL. Neither did we find any evidence for caregiving varying in its effect on TL by caregiver sex, age, or relationship to the chronically ill/disabled. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of an association between chronicity of care and TL. This result coupled with a recent study of a similarly sized cohort suggests that previous significant results linking caregiving and TL may be due to very particular types of caregiving populations or are possibly artifacts of small sample sizes.
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186
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Nettle D, Seeker L, Nussey D, Froy H, Bateson M. Consequences of measurement error in qPCR telomere data: A simulation study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216118. [PMID: 31042766 PMCID: PMC6493763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The qPCR method provides an inexpensive, rapid method for estimating relative telomere length across a set of biological samples. Like all laboratory methods, it involves some degree of measurement error. The estimation of relative telomere length is done subjecting the actual measurements made (the Cq values for telomere and a control gene) to non-linear transformations and combining them into a ratio (the TS ratio). Here, we use computer simulations, supported by mathematical analysis, to explore how errors in measurement affect qPCR estimates of relative telomere length, both in cross-sectional and longitudinal data. We show that errors introduced at the level of Cq values are magnified when the TS ratio is calculated. If the errors at the Cq level are normally distributed and independent of true telomere length, those in the TS ratio are positively skewed and proportional to true telomere length. The repeatability of the TS ratio declines sharply with increasing error in measurement of the Cq values for telomere and/or control gene. In simulated longitudinal data, measurement error alone can produce a pattern of low correlation between successive measures of relative telomere length, coupled with a strong negative dependency of the rate of change on initial relative telomere length. Our results illustrate the importance of reducing measurement error: a small increase in error in Cq values can have large consequences for the power and interpretability of qPCR estimates of relative telomere length. The findings also illustrate the importance of characterising the measurement error in each dataset-coefficients of variation are generally unhelpful, and researchers should report standard deviations of Cq values and/or repeatabilities of TS ratios-and allowing for the known effects of measurement error when interpreting patterns of TS ratio change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Luise Seeker
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Froy
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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187
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Mensà E, Latini S, Ramini D, Storci G, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. The telomere world and aging: Analytical challenges and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:27-42. [PMID: 30615937 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, the terminal nucleoprotein structures of eukaryotic chromosomes, play pleiotropic functions in cellular and organismal aging. Telomere length (TL) varies throughout life due to the influence of genetic factors and to a complex balancing between "shortening" and "elongation" signals. Telomerase, the only enzyme that can elongate a telomeric DNA chain, and telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), a long non-coding RNA involved in looping maintenance, play key roles in TL during life. Despite recent advances in the knowledge of TL, TERRA and telomerase activity (TA) biology and their measurement techniques, the experimental and theoretical issues involved raise a number of problems that should carefully be considered by researchers approaching the "telomere world". The increasing use of such parameters - hailed as promising clinically relevant biomarkers - has failed to be paralleled by the development of automated and standardized measurement technology. Consequently, associating given TL values to specific pathological conditions involves on the one hand technological issues and on the other clinical-biological issues related to the planning of clinically relevant association studies. Addressing these issues would help avoid major biases in association studies involving TL and a number of outcomes, especially those focusing on psychological and bio-behavioral variables. The main challenge in telomere research is the development of accurate and reliable measurement methods to achieve simple and sensitive TL, TERRA, and TA detection. The discovery of the localization of telomeres and TERRA in cellular and extracellular compartments had added an additional layer of complexity to the measurement of these age-related biomarkers. Since combined analysis of TL, TERRA and TA may well provide more exhaustive clinical information than a single parameter, we feel it is important for researchers in the various fields to become familiar with their most common measurement techniques and to be aware of the respective merits and drawbacks of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Latini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Storci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Biosciences Laboratory, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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188
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Cao W, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Sun Q, Xu X, Sun M, Tian Q, Li Q, Wang H, Liu J, Meng X, Wu L, Song M, Hou H, Wang Y, Wang W. No Causal Effect of Telomere Length on Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020159. [PMID: 30769869 PMCID: PMC6407010 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies observing inconsistent associations of telomere length (TL) with ischemic stroke (IS) are susceptible to bias according to reverse causation and residual confounding. We aimed to assess the causal association between TL, IS, and the subtypes of IS, including large artery stroke (LAS), small vessel stroke (SVS), and cardioembolic stroke (CES) by performing a series of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Methods: Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were involved as candidate instrumental variables (IVs), summarized from a genome-wide meta-analysis including 37,684 participants of European descent. We analyzed the largest ever genome-wide association studies of stroke in Europe from the MEGASTROKE collaboration with 40,585 stroke cases and 406,111 controls. The weighted median (WM), the penalized weighted median (PWM), the inverse variance weighted (IVW), the penalized inverse variance weighted (PIVW), the robust inverse variance weighted (RIVW), and the Mendelian randomization-Egger (MR-Egger) methods were conducted for the MR analysis to estimate a causal effect and detect the directional pleiotropy. Results: No significant association between genetically determined TL with overall IS, LAS, or CES were found (all p > 0.05). SVS was associated with TL by the RIVW method (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–0.97, p = 0.028), after excluding rs9420907, rs10936599, and rs2736100. Conclusions: By a series of causal inference approaches using SNPs as IVs, no strong evidence to support the causal effect of shorter TL on IS and its subtypes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qihuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia.
| | - Jiaonan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
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189
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Scarabino D, Peconi M, Pelliccia F, Corbo RM. Analysis of the Association Between TERC and TERT Genetic Variation and Leukocyte Telomere Length and Human Lifespan-A Follow-Up Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020082. [PMID: 30691026 PMCID: PMC6409517 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possible influence of TERC and TERT genetic variation and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) on human lifespan. Four polymorphisms of TERT and three polymorphisms of TERC were examined in a sample of elderly subjects (70⁻100 years). After nine years of follow-up, mortality data were collected, and sub-samples of long-lived/not long-lived were defined. TERT VNTR MNS16A L/L genotype and TERT rs2853691 A/G or G/G genotypes were found to be associated with a significantly higher risk to die before the age of 90 years, and with a significantly lower age at death. The association between lifespan and LTL at baseline was analyzed in a subsample of 163 subjects. Age at baseline was inversely associated with LTL (p < 0.0001). Mean LTL was greater in the subjects still living than in those no longer living at follow-up (0.79 T/S ± 0.09 vs 0.63 T/S ± 0.08, p < 0.0001). Comparison of age classes showed that, among the 70⁻79-year-olds, the difference in mean LTL between those still living and those no longer living at follow-up was greater than among the 80⁻90-year-olds. Our data provide evidence that shorter LTL at baseline may predict a shorter lifespan, but the reliability of LTL as a lifespan biomarker seems to be limited to a specific age (70⁻79 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scarabino
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Martina Peconi
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franca Pelliccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, La Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Corbo
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, La Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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190
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Zhan Y, Song H. Editorial: Telomeres and Epigenetics in Endocrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:257. [PMID: 31110492 PMCID: PMC6499193 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Song
- Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- *Correspondence: Huan Song
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191
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Xu K, Guo Y, Li Z, Wang Z. Aging Biomarkers and Novel Targets for Anti-Aging Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:39-56. [PMID: 31493221 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging population worldwide is expanding at an increasing rate. By 2050, approximately a quarter of the world population will consist of the elderly. To slow down the aging process, exploration of aging biomarkers and the search for novel antiaging targets have attracted much interest. Nonetheless, because aging research is costly and time-consuming and the aging process is complicated, aging research is considered one of the most difficult biological fields. Here, providing a broader definition of aging biomarkers, we review cutting-edge research on aging biomarkers at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels, thus shedding light on the relations between aging and telomeres, longevity proteins, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, the gut microbiota and metabolic patterns. Furthermore, we evaluate the suitability of these aging biomarkers for the development of novel antiaging targets on the basis of the most recent research on this topic. We also discuss the possible implications and some controversies regarding these biomarkers for therapeutic interventions in aging and age-related disease processes. We have attempted to cover all of the latest research on aging biomarkers in our review but there are countless studies on aging biomarkers, and the topic of aging interventions will continue to deepen even further. We hope that our review can serve as a reference for better characterization of aging and as inspiration for the screening of antiaging drugs as well as give some clues to further research into aging biomarkers and antiaging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Guo
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongchi Li
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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