151
|
González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Miller DM, Yadanapudi K, Rai V, Rai SN, Chen J, Frieboes HB, Masters A, McCallum A, Williams BJ. Untangling the web of glioblastoma treatment resistance using a multi-omic and multidisciplinary approach. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:185-198. [PMID: 37330006 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common human brain tumor, has been notoriously resistant to treatment. As a result, the dismal overall survival of GBM patients has not changed over the past three decades. GBM has been stubbornly resistant to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies, which have been remarkably effective in the treatment of other tumors. It is clear that GBM resistance to therapy is multifactorial. Although therapeutic transport into brain tumors is inhibited by the blood brain barrier, there is evolving evidence that overcoming this barrier is not the predominant factor. GBMs generally have a low mutation burden, exist in an immunosuppressed environment and they are inherently resistant to immune stimulation, all of which contribute to treatment resistance. In this review, we evaluate the contribution of multi-omic approaches (genomic and metabolomic) along with analyzing immune cell populations and tumor biophysical characteristics to better understand and overcome GBM multifactorial resistance to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Miller
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Kavitha Yadanapudi
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Veeresh Rai
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resources, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Cancer Data Science Center of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Center for Preventative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Adrianna Masters
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Abigail McCallum
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian J Williams
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Li L, Zeng X, Chao Z, Luo J, Guan W, Zhang Q, Ge Y, Wang Y, Xiong Z, Ma S, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Tian J, Horne D, Yuh B, Hu Z, Wei G, Wang B, Zhang X, Lan P, Wang Z. Targeting Alpha-Ketoglutarate Disruption Overcomes Immunoevasion and Improves PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301975. [PMID: 37526345 PMCID: PMC10520657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect-related metabolic dysfunction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has emerged as a hallmark of various solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is characterized by high immune infiltration and thus recommended for immunotherapeutic interventions at an advanced stage in clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, limited benefits of immunotherapy have prompted investigations into underlying mechanisms, leading to the proposal of metabolic dysregulation-induced immunoevasion as a crucial contributor. In this study, a significant decrease is found in the abundance of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG), a crucial intermediate metabolite in the TCA cycle, which is correlated with higher grades and a worse prognosis in clinical RCC samples. Elevated levels of αKG promote major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation, as well as the expression of β2-microglobulin (B2M). While αKG modulates broad-spectrum demethylation activities of histone, the transcriptional upregulation of B2M is dependent on the demethylation of H3K4me1 in its promoter region. Furthermore, the combination of αKG supplementation and PD-1 blockade leads to improved therapeutic efficacy and prolongs survival in murine models when compared to monotherapy. Overall, the findings elucidate the mechanisms of immune evasion in anti-tumor immunotherapies and suggest a potential combinatorial treatment strategy in RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive HealthCenter for Reproductive MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030P.R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zezhong Xiong
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular MedicineBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Bertram Yuh
- Department of Molecular MedicineBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Gong‐Hong Wei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urologythe Third Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalNo.39 Yongding RoadBeijing100039China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urologythe Third Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalNo.39 Yongding RoadBeijing100039China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Doroshow DB, Wei W, Mehrotra M, Sia D, Eder JP, Bindra R, Houldsworth J, LoRusso P, Walther Z. Platinum Sensitivity in IDH1/2 Mutated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Not All "BRCAness" Is Created Equal. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:646-655. [PMID: 37505929 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2242957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that IDH1/2 mutations result in defective homologous recombination repair (HRR). We hypothesized that patients with IDH1/2mt intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) would benefit more from 1 L platinum chemotherapy than patients with wildtype (WT) tumors. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of 81 patients with unresectable IHCC treated with 1 L platinum with a primary endpoint of clinical benefit rate (CBR). Patients with IDH1/2mt tumors had a similar CBR and objective response rate compared to those with IDH WT disease (59 versus 54%; p = 0.803), suggesting that a relationship between platinum sensitivity and HRR gene defects may be specific to tumor context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wei
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Daniella Sia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Paul Eder
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia LoRusso
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zenta Walther
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Palau A, Segerberg F, Lidschreiber M, Lidschreiber K, Naughton AJ, Needhamsen M, Jung LA, Jagodic M, Cramer P, Lehmann S, Carlsten M, Lennartsson A. Perturbed epigenetic transcriptional regulation in AML with IDH mutations causes increased susceptibility to NK cells. Leukemia 2023; 37:1830-1841. [PMID: 37495775 PMCID: PMC10457197 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are found in 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, only 30-40% of the patients respond to IDH inhibitors (IDHi). We aimed to identify a molecular vulnerability to tailor novel therapies for AML patients with IDH mutations. We characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape with the IDH2i AG-221, using an IDH2 mutated AML cell line model and AML patient cohorts, and discovered a perturbed transcriptional regulatory network involving myeloid transcription factors that were partly restored after AG-221 treatment. In addition, hypermethylation of the HLA cluster caused a down-regulation of HLA class I genes, triggering an enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activation and an increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated responses. Finally, analyses of DNA methylation data from IDHi-treated patients showed that non-responders still harbored hypermethylation in HLA class I genes. In conclusion, this study provides new insights suggesting that IDH mutated AML is particularly sensitive to NK cell-based personalized immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palau
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Lidschreiber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aonghus J Naughton
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lisa Anna Jung
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Gruber E, Kats LM. The curious case of IDH mutant acute myeloid leukaemia: biochemistry and therapeutic approaches. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1675-1686. [PMID: 37526143 PMCID: PMC10586776 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Of the many genetic alterations that occur in cancer, relatively few have proven to be suitable for the development of targeted therapies. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and -2 increase the capacity of cancer cells to produce a normally scarce metabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), by several orders of magnitude. The discovery of the unusual biochemistry of IDH mutations spurred a flurry of activity that revealed 2-HG as an 'oncometabolite' with pleiotropic effects in malignant cells and consequences for anti-tumour immunity. Over the next decade, we learned that 2-HG dysregulates a wide array of molecular pathways, among them a large family of dioxygenases that utilise the closely related metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as an essential co-substrate. 2-HG not only contributes to malignant transformation, but some cancer cells become addicted to it and sensitive to inhibitors that block its synthesis. Moreover, high 2-HG levels and loss of wild-type IDH1 or IDH2 activity gives rise to synthetic lethal vulnerabilities. Herein, we review the biology of IDH mutations with a particular focus on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), an aggressive disease where selective targeting of IDH-mutant cells is showing significant promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gruber
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lev M. Kats
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Sharma P, Borthakur G. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to overcome resistance to therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:567-589. [PMID: 37842232 PMCID: PMC10571063 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hematopoietic cells gain metabolic plasticity, reorganize anabolic mechanisms to improve anabolic output and prevent oxidative damage, and bypass cell cycle checkpoints, eventually outcompeting normal hematopoietic cells. Current therapeutic strategies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on prognostic stratification that includes mutation profile as the closest surrogate to disease biology. Clinical efficacy of targeted therapies, e.g., agents targeting mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2, are mostly limited to the presence of relevant mutations. Recent studies have not only demonstrated that specific mutations in AML create metabolic vulnerabilities but also highlighted the efficacy of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in combination with inhibitors of these mutations. Therefore, delineating the functional relationships between genetic stratification, metabolic dependencies, and response to specific inhibitors of these vulnerabilities is crucial for identifying more effective therapeutic regimens, understanding resistance mechanisms, and identifying early response markers, ultimately improving the likelihood of cure. In addition, metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment have also been reported as therapeutic targets. The metabolic profiles of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) differ, and relapsed/refractory LSCs switch to alternative metabolic pathways, fueling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), rendering them therapeutically resistant. In this review, we discuss the role of cancer metabolic pathways that contribute to the metabolic plasticity of AML and confer resistance to standard therapy; we also highlight the latest promising developments in the field in translating these important findings to the clinic and discuss the tumor microenvironment that supports metabolic plasticity and interplay with AML cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Mellinghoff IK, van den Bent MJ, Blumenthal DT, Touat M, Peters KB, Clarke J, Mendez J, Yust-Katz S, Welsh L, Mason WP, Ducray F, Umemura Y, Nabors B, Holdhoff M, Hottinger AF, Arakawa Y, Sepulveda JM, Wick W, Soffietti R, Perry JR, Giglio P, de la Fuente M, Maher EA, Schoenfeld S, Zhao D, Pandya SS, Steelman L, Hassan I, Wen PY, Cloughesy TF. Vorasidenib in IDH1- or IDH2-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:589-601. [PMID: 37272516 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2304194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant grade 2 gliomas are malignant brain tumors that cause considerable disability and premature death. Vorasidenib, an oral brain-penetrant inhibitor of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 enzymes, showed preliminary activity in IDH-mutant gliomas. METHODS In a double-blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with residual or recurrent grade 2 IDH-mutant glioma who had undergone no previous treatment other than surgery to receive either oral vorasidenib (40 mg once daily) or matched placebo in 28-day cycles. The primary end point was imaging-based progression-free survival according to blinded assessment by an independent review committee. The key secondary end point was the time to the next anticancer intervention. Crossover to vorasidenib from placebo was permitted on confirmation of imaging-based disease progression. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 331 patients were assigned to receive vorasidenib (168 patients) or placebo (163 patients). At a median follow-up of 14.2 months, 226 patients (68.3%) were continuing to receive vorasidenib or placebo. Progression-free survival was significantly improved in the vorasidenib group as compared with the placebo group (median progression-free survival, 27.7 months vs. 11.1 months; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.56; P<0.001). The time to the next intervention was significantly improved in the vorasidenib group as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.43; P<0.001). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 22.8% of the patients who received vorasidenib and in 13.5% of those who received placebo. An increased alanine aminotransferase level of grade 3 or higher occurred in 9.6% of the patients who received vorasidenib and in no patients who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS In patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant glioma, vorasidenib significantly improved progression-free survival and delayed the time to the next intervention. (Funded by Servier; INDIGO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04164901.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo K Mellinghoff
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Deborah T Blumenthal
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Mehdi Touat
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Katherine B Peters
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Joe Mendez
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Shlomit Yust-Katz
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Liam Welsh
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Warren P Mason
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - François Ducray
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Yoshie Umemura
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Burt Nabors
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Andreas F Hottinger
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Yoshiki Arakawa
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Juan M Sepulveda
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - James R Perry
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Pierre Giglio
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Macarena de la Fuente
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Steven Schoenfeld
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Shuchi S Pandya
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Lori Steelman
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Islam Hassan
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (I.K.M.); the Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.B.); Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (D.T.B., S.Y.-K.), and the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva (S.Y.-K.) - both in Israel; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires la Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris (M.T.), and Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon (F.D.) - both in France; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.B.P.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (J.C.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.M.); the Royal Marsden Hospital, London (L.W.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (W.P.M.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (J.R.P.), University of Toronto (W.P.M.) - both in Toronto; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (Y.U.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (B.N.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.H.); Lundin Family Brain Tumor Research Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, and the University of Lausanne - both in Lausanne, Switzerland (A.F.H.); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y.A.); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (J.M.S.); Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center - both in Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami (M.F.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.A.M.); Servier Pharmaceuticals (S.S., D.Z., S.S.P., L.S., I.H.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.Y.W.) - both in Boston; and the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (T.F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang X. TET (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins: structure, biological functions and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:297. [PMID: 37563110 PMCID: PMC10415333 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins (TETs), specifically, TET1, TET2 and TET3, can modify DNA by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) iteratively to yield 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), and then two of these intermediates (5fC and 5caC) can be excised and return to unmethylated cytosines by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Because DNA methylation and demethylation play an important role in numerous biological processes, including zygote formation, embryogenesis, spatial learning and immune homeostasis, the regulation of TETs functions is complicated, and dysregulation of their functions is implicated in many diseases such as myeloid malignancies. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that TET2 is able to catalyze the hydroxymethylation of RNA to perform post-transcriptional regulation. Notably, catalytic-independent functions of TETs in certain biological contexts have been identified, further highlighting their multifunctional roles. Interestingly, by reactivating the expression of selected target genes, accumulated evidences support the potential therapeutic use of TETs-based DNA methylation editing tools in disorders associated with epigenetic silencing. In this review, we summarize recent key findings in TETs functions, activity regulators at various levels, technological advances in the detection of 5hmC, the main TETs oxidative product, and TETs emerging applications in epigenetic editing. Furthermore, we discuss existing challenges and future directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
He J, Lin M, Zhang X, Zhang R, Tian T, Zhou Y, Dong W, Yang Y, Sun X, Dai Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Xu M, Lei QY, Xu Y, Lv L. TET2 is required to suppress mTORC1 signaling through urea cycle with therapeutic potential. Cell Discov 2023; 9:84. [PMID: 37550284 PMCID: PMC10406918 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development, involving both cell growth (mass accumulation) and cell proliferation, is a complex process governed by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways. TET2 mainly functions as a DNA dioxygenase, which modulates gene expression and biological functions via oxidation of 5mC in DNA, yet whether it plays a role in regulating cell growth remains unknown. Here we show that TET2 suppresses mTORC1 signaling, a major growth controller, to inhibit cell growth and promote autophagy. Mechanistically, TET2 functions as a 5mC "eraser" by mRNA oxidation, abolishes YBX1-HuR binding and promotes decay of urea cycle enzyme mRNAs, thus negatively regulating urea cycle and arginine production, which suppresses mTORC1 signaling. Therefore, TET2-deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition. Our results uncover a novel function for TET2 in suppressing mTORC1 signaling and inhibiting cell growth, linking TET2-mediated mRNA oxidation to cell metabolism and cell growth control. These findings demonstrate the potential of mTORC1 inhibition as a possible treatment for TET2-deficient tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingen Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongguan Tian
- Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefan Zhou
- Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenru Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Barbosa K, Deshpande AJ. Therapeutic targeting of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204895. [PMID: 37601659 PMCID: PMC10437214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the distinguishing properties of hematopoietic stem cells is their ability to self-renew. Since self-renewal is important for the continuous replenishment of the hematopoietic stem cell pool, this property is often hijacked in blood cancers. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is believed to be arranged in a hierarchy, with self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSCs) giving rise to the bulk tumor. Some of the earliest characterizations of LSCs were made in seminal studies that assessed the ability of prospectively isolated candidate AML stem cells to repopulate the entire heterogeneity of the tumor in mice. Further studies indicated that LSCs may be responsible for chemotherapy resistance and therefore act as a reservoir for secondary disease and leukemia relapse. In recent years, a number of studies have helped illuminate the complexity of clonality in bone marrow pathologies, including leukemias. Many features distinguishing LSCs from normal hematopoietic stem cells have been identified, and these studies have opened up diverse avenues for targeting LSCs, with an impact on the clinical management of AML patients. This review will discuss the role of self-renewal in AML and its implications, distinguishing characteristics between normal and leukemia stem cells, and opportunities for therapeutic targeting of AML LSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aniruddha J. Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Jo J, Diaz M, Horbinski C, Mackman N, Bagley S, Broekman M, Rak J, Perry J, Pabinger I, Key NS, Schiff D. Epidemiology, biology, and management of venous thromboembolism in gliomas: An interdisciplinary review. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1381-1394. [PMID: 37100086 PMCID: PMC10398809 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diffuse glioma are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) over the course of the disease, with up to 30% incidence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) and a lower but nonnegligible risk in lower-grade gliomas. Recent and ongoing efforts to identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers of patients at increased risk offer promise, but to date, there is no proven role for prophylaxis outside of the perioperative period. Emerging data suggest a higher risk of VTE in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioma and the potential mechanistic role of IDH mutation in the suppression of production of the procoagulants tissue factor and podoplanin. According to published guidelines, therapeutic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or alternatively, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients without increased risk of gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding is recommended for VTE treatment. Due to the elevated risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in GBM, anticoagulation treatment remains challenging and at times fraught. There are conflicting data on the risk of ICH with LMWH in patients with glioma; small retrospective studies suggest DOACs may convey lower ICH risk than LMWH. Investigational anticoagulants that prevent thrombosis without impairing hemostasis, such as factor XI inhibitors, may carry a better therapeutic index and are expected to enter clinical trials for cancer-associated thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Maria Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen Bagley
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Marika Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - James Perry
- Department of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Mahé M, Rios-Fuller TJ, Karolin A, Schneider RJ. Genetics of enzymatic dysfunctions in metabolic disorders and cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1230934. [PMID: 37601653 PMCID: PMC10433910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1230934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders arise from mutations in genes involved in the biogenesis, assembly, or activity of metabolic enzymes, leading to enzymatic deficiency and severe metabolic impairments. Metabolic enzymes are essential for the normal functioning of cells and are involved in the production of amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides, which are essential for cell growth, division and survival. When the activity of metabolic enzymes is disrupted due to mutations or changes in expression levels, it can result in various metabolic disorders that have also been linked to cancer development. However, there remains much to learn regarding the relationship between the dysregulation of metabolic enzymes and metabolic adaptations in cancer cells. In this review, we explore how dysregulated metabolism due to the alteration or change of metabolic enzymes in cancer cells plays a crucial role in tumor development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. In addition, these changes in metabolism provide cancer cells with a number of advantages, including increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and the ability to evade the immune system. The tumor microenvironment, genetic context, and different signaling pathways further influence this interplay between cancer and metabolism. This review aims to explore how the dysregulation of metabolic enzymes in specific pathways, including the urea cycle, glycogen storage, lysosome storage, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration, contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and cancer. Additionally, the review seeks to shed light on why these enzymes represent crucial potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, Grossman NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Garrett MC, Albano R, Carnwath T, Elahi L, Behrmann CA, Pemberton M, Woo D, O'Brien E, VanCauwenbergh B, Perentesis J, Shah S, Hagan M, Kendler A, Zhao C, Paranjpe A, Roskin K, Kornblum H, Plas DR, Lu QR. HDAC1 and HDAC6 are essential for driving growth in IDH1 mutant glioma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12433. [PMID: 37528157 PMCID: PMC10394035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade and secondary high-grade gliomas frequently contain mutations in the IDH1 or IDH2 metabolic enzymes that are hypothesized to drive tumorigenesis by inhibiting many of the chromatin-regulating enzymes that regulate DNA structure. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising anti-cancer agents and have already been used in clinical trials. However, a clear understanding of their mechanism or gene targets is lacking. In this study, the authors genetically dissect patient-derived IDH1 mutant cultures to determine which HDAC enzymes drive growth in IDH1 mutant gliomas. A panel of patient-derived gliomasphere cell lines (2 IDH1 mutant lines, 3 IDH1 wildtype lines) were subjected to a drug-screen of epigenetic modifying drugs from different epigenetic classes. The effect of LBH (panobinostat) on gene expression and chromatin structure was tested on patient-derived IDH1 mutant lines. The role of each of the highly expressed HDAC enzymes was molecularly dissected using lentiviral RNA interference knock-down vectors and a patient-derived IDH1 mutant in vitro model of glioblastoma (HK252). These results were then confirmed in an in vivo xenotransplant model (BT-142). The IDH1 mutation leads to gene down-regulation, DNA hypermethylation, increased DNA accessibility and H3K27 hypo-acetylation in two distinct IDH1 mutant over-expression models. The drug screen identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and panobinostat (LBH) more specifically as the most selective compounds to inhibit growth in IDH1 mutant glioma lines. Of the eleven annotated HDAC enzymes (HDAC1-11) only six are expressed in IDH1 mutant glioma tissue samples and patient-derived gliomasphere lines (HDAC1-4, HDAC6, and HDAC9). Lentiviral knock-down experiments revealed that HDAC1 and HDAC6 are the most consistently essential for growth both in vitro and in vivo and target very different gene modules. Knock-down of HDAC1 or HDAC6 in vivo led to a more circumscribed less invasive tumor. The gene dysregulation induced by the IDH1 mutation is wide-spread and only partially reversible by direct IDH1 inhibition. This study identifies HDAC1 and HDAC6 as important and drug-targetable enzymes that are necessary for growth and invasiveness in IDH1 mutant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Garrett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Rebecca Albano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Troy Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lubayna Elahi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine A Behrmann
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Merissa Pemberton
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brett VanCauwenbergh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Perentesis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sanjit Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew Hagan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Roskin
- Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harley Kornblum
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Wang SF, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of mitochondrial alterations in human cancer progression and cancer immunity. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:61. [PMID: 37525297 PMCID: PMC10392014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulating cellular metabolism is one of the emerging cancer hallmarks. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for numerous physiologic processes, such as energy production, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and calcium and redox homeostasis. Although the "Warburg effect," in which cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even under normal oxygen circumstances, was proposed a century ago, how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer progression is still unclear. This review discusses recent progress in the alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial dynamics in cancer malignant progression. Moreover, we integrate the possible regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways, including mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive oxygen species, calcium, oncometabolites, and mtDNA) and mitochondrial stress response pathways (mitochondrial unfolded protein response and integrated stress response) in cancer progression and provide the possible therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on the role of mitochondria in the immune regulatory function of immune cells and reveal the impact of the tumor microenvironment and metabolism remodeling on cancer immunity. Targeting the mitochondria and metabolism might improve cancer immunotherapy. These findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling in cancer malignancy and modulating metabolism and mitochondria in cancer immunity might be promising treatment strategies for cancer patients and provide precise and personalized medicine against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Sun X, Li Q, Tang Y, Hu W, Chen G, An H, Huang D, Tong T, Zhang Y. Epigenetic activation of secretory phenotypes in senescence by the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:481. [PMID: 37516739 PMCID: PMC10387070 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Although metabolic reprogramming is characterized as a hallmark of aging, implications of the crucial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in human senescence remain poorly understood. Here, we report that GDH activity is significantly increased in aged mice and senescent human diploid fibroblasts. This enzymatic potentiation is associated with de-repression of GDH from its functionally suppressive ADP-ribosylation modification catalyzed by NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase/deacetylase SIRT4. A series of transcription analyses led to the identification of FOXQ1, a forkhead family transcription factor (TF), responsible for the maintenance of SIRT4 expression levels in juvenile cells. However, this metabolically balanced FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis, is shifted in senescence with gradually decreasing expressions of FOXQ1 and SIRT4 and elevated GDH activity. Importantly, pharmaceutical inhibition of GDH suppresses the aberrantly activated transcription of IL-6 and IL-8, two major players in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this action is mechanistically associated with erasure of the repressive H3K9me3 (trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3) marks at IL-6 and IL-8 promoters, owing to the requirement of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) from GDH-mediated glutamate dehydrogenase reaction as a cofactor for histone demethylation. In supplement with the phenotypic evidence from FOXQ1/SIRT4/GDH manipulations, these data support the integration of metabolism alterations and epigenetic regulation in driving senescence progression and highlight the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis as a novel druggable target for improving human longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wanjin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gengyao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongguang An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Wang RC, Wang Z. Precision Medicine: Disease Subtyping and Tailored Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3837. [PMID: 37568653 PMCID: PMC10417651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomics-based concept of precision medicine began to emerge following the completion of the Human Genome Project. In contrast to evidence-based medicine, precision medicine will allow doctors and scientists to tailor the treatment of different subpopulations of patients who differ in their susceptibility to specific diseases or responsiveness to specific therapies. The current precision medicine model was proposed to precisely classify patients into subgroups sharing a common biological basis of diseases for more effective tailored treatment to achieve improved outcomes. Precision medicine has become a term that symbolizes the new age of medicine. In this review, we examine the history, development, and future perspective of precision medicine. We also discuss the concepts, principles, tools, and applications of precision medicine and related fields. In our view, for precision medicine to work, two essential objectives need to be achieved. First, diseases need to be classified into various subtypes. Second, targeted therapies must be available for each specific disease subtype. Therefore, we focused this review on the progress in meeting these two objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6J 5H4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Soukar I, Amarasinghe A, Pile LA. Coordination of cross-talk between metabolism and epigenetic regulation by the SIN3 complex. Enzymes 2023; 53:33-68. [PMID: 37748836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histone proteins control the expression of genes. Metabolites from central and one-carbon metabolism act as donor moieties to modify histones and regulate gene expression. Thus, histone modification and gene regulation are connected to the metabolite status of the cell. Histone modifiers, such as the SIN3 complex, regulate genes involved in proliferation and metabolism. The SIN3 complex contains a histone deacetylase and a histone demethylase, which regulate the chromatin landscape and gene expression. In this chapter, we review the cross-talk between metabolic pathways that produce donor moieties, and epigenetic complexes regulating proliferation and metabolic genes. This cross-talk between gene regulation and metabolism is tightly controlled, and disruption of this cross-talk leads to metabolic diseases. We discuss promising therapeutics that directly regulate histone modifiers, and can affect the metabolic status of the cell, alleviating some metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Soukar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anjalie Amarasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Xi C, Pang J, Zhi W, Chang CSS, Siddaramappa U, Shi H, Horuzsko A, Pace BS, Zhu X. Nrf2 sensitizes ferroptosis through l-2-hydroxyglutarate-mediated chromatin modifications in sickle cell disease. Blood 2023; 142:382-396. [PMID: 37267508 PMCID: PMC10485372 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hemolytic and systemic hypoxia condition with constant oxidative stress and significant metabolic alterations. However, little is known about the correlation between metabolic alterations and the pathophysiological symptoms. Here, we report that Nrf2, a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, regulates the production of the metabolite l-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) to mediate epigenetic histone hypermethylation for gene expression involved in metabolic, oxidative, and ferroptotic stress responses in SCD. Mechanistically, Nrf2 was found to regulate the expression of L2HG dehydrogenase (L2hgdh) to mediate L2HG production under hypoxia. Gene expression profile analysis indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis responses were the most significantly affected signaling pathways after Nrf2 ablation in SCD. Nrf2 silencing and L2HG supplementation sensitize human sickle erythroid cells to ROS and ferroptosis stress. The absence of Nrf2 and accumulation of L2HG significantly affect histone methylation for chromatin structure modification and reduce the assembly of transcription complexes on downstream target genes to regulate ROS and ferroptosis responses. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 was found to have protective effects against ROS and ferroptosis stress in SCD mice. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which Nrf2 regulates L2HG levels to mediate SCD severity through ROS and ferroptosis stress responses, suggesting that targeting Nrf2 is a viable therapeutic strategy for ameliorating SCD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Junfeng Pang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Consolidated Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Lab, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Chang-Sheng S. Chang
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource and Integrated Genomics, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Umapathy Siddaramappa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Betty S. Pace
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Fan W, Li X. The SIRT1-c-Myc axis in regulation of stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236968. [PMID: 37554307 PMCID: PMC10405831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. Through deacetylation of transcriptional factors and co-factors, this protein modification enzyme is critically involved in metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells, which is functionally important in maintaining their pluripotency and regulating their differentiation. C-Myc, a key member of Myc proton-oncogene family, is a pivotal factor for transcriptional regulation of genes that control acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Previous cancer research has revealed an intriguing positive feedback loop between SIRT1 and c-Myc that is crucial in tumorigenesis. Recent literature has uncovered important functions of this axis in regulation of maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells. This review highlights recent advances of the SIRT1-c-Myc axis in stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Yin WJ. A bacterial enzyme may correct 2-HG accumulation in human cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235191. [PMID: 37546420 PMCID: PMC10399246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of lower-grade glioma as well as many other types of human cancers are associated with neomorphic mutations in IDH1/2 genes (mIDH1/2). These mutations lead to an aberrant accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Interestingly, even cancers without mIDH1/2 can exhibit increased levels of 2-HG due to factors like hypoxia and extracellular acidity. Mounting evidence demonstrates that 2-HG competitively inhibits α-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes, such as JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylases (JHDMs), ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TETs), and various dioxygenases (e.g., RNA m6A demethylases and prolyl hydroxylases). Consequently, the hypermethylation of DNA, RNA, and histones, and the abnormal activities of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have profound impacts on the establishment of cancer metabolism and microenvironment, which promote tumor progression. This connection between the oncometabolite 2-HG and glioma holds crucial implications for treatments targeting this disease. Here, I hypothesize that an ectopic introduction of a bacterial 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase (2-HG synthase) enzyme into cancer cells with 2-HG accumulation could serve as a promising enzyme therapy for glioma and other types of cancers. While absent in human metabolism, 2-HG synthase in bacterial species catalyzes the conversion of 2-HG into propionyl-CoA and glyoxylate, two metabolites that potentially possess anti-tumor effects. For a broad spectrum of human cancers with 2-HG accumulation, 2-HG synthase-based enzyme therapy holds the potential to not only correct 2-HG induced cancer metabolism but also transform an oncometabolite into metabolic challenges within cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Yin
- Oconee County High School, Watkinsville, GA, United States
- Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Li X, Li F, Ye F, Guo H, Chen W, Jin J, Wang Y, Dai P, Shi H, Tao H, Dang W, Ding Y, Wang M, Jiang H, Chen K, Zhang N, Gao D, Zhang Y, Luo C. Spermine is a natural suppressor of AR signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112798. [PMID: 37453063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), clinical response to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists is limited mainly due to AR-variants expression and restored AR signaling. The metabolite spermine is most abundant in prostate and it decreases as prostate cancer progresses, but its functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show spermine inhibits full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) signaling and suppresses CRPC cell proliferation by directly binding and inhibiting protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1. Spermine reduces H4R3me2a modification at the AR locus and suppresses AR binding as well as H3K27ac modification levels at AR target genes. Spermine supplementation restrains CRPC growth in vivo. PRMT1 inhibition also suppresses AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling and reduces CRPC growth. Collectively, we demonstrate spermine as an anticancer metabolite by inhibiting PRMT1 to transcriptionally inhibit AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling in CRPC, and we indicate spermine and PRMT1 inhibition as powerful strategies overcoming limitations of current AR-based therapies in CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huili Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongru Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Huang F, Luo X, Ou Y, Gao Z, Tang Q, Chu Z, Zhu X, He Y. Control of histone demethylation by nuclear-localized α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Science 2023; 381:eadf8822. [PMID: 37440635 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylations on nucleosomal histones play fundamental roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Jumonji C domain-containing histone demethylases (JMJs) dynamically control the level of histone methylations. However, how JMJ activity is generally regulated is unknown. We found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzyme α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase (KGDH) entered the nucleus, where it interacted with various JMJs to regulate α-KG-dependent histone demethylations by JMJs, and thus controlled genome-wide gene expression in plants. We show that nuclear targeting is regulated by environmental signals and that KGDH is enriched at thousands of loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromatin-bound KGDH catalyzes α-KG decarboxylation and thus may limit its local availability to KGDH-coupled JMJs, inhibiting histone demethylation. Thus, our results uncover a regulatory mechanism for histone demethylations by JMJs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Yang Ou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiming Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuehui He
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Venneker S, Bovée JVMG. IDH Mutations in Chondrosarcoma: Case Closed or Not? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3603. [PMID: 37509266 PMCID: PMC10377514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-producing tumours that frequently harbour isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and -2 (IDH) gene mutations. Several studies have confirmed that these mutations are key players in the early stages of cartilage tumour development, but their role in later stages remains ambiguous. The prognostic value of IDH mutations remains unclear and preclinical studies have not identified effective treatment modalities (in)directly targeting these mutations. In contrast, the IDH mutation status is a prognostic factor in other cancers, and IDH mutant inhibitors as well as therapeutic strategies targeting the underlying vulnerabilities induced by IDH mutations seem effective in these tumour types. This discrepancy in findings might be ascribed to a difference in tumour type, elevated D-2-hydroxyglutarate levels, and the type of in vitro model (endogenous vs. genetically modified) used in preclinical studies. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the (epi)genetic landscape in which the IDH mutation functions is an important factor to consider when investigating potential therapeutic strategies or patient outcomes. These findings imply that the dichotomy between IDH wildtype and mutant is too simplistic and additional subgroups indeed exist within chondrosarcoma. Future studies should focus on the identification, characterisation, and tailoring of treatments towards these biological subgroups within IDH wildtype and mutant chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Venneker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Liu X, Yang J, Ran R, Long F, Yang Y, Dong X, Saffery R, Novakovic B, Mousa H, Wei Y, Hu L, Han TL. Chorionicity-associated variation in metabolic phenotype of cord blood in twin. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:31. [PMID: 37443030 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monochorionic (MC) twins present a higher incidence of unfavorable clinical perinatal outcomes than dichorionic (DC) twins, often in association with placental vascular anastomosis. In this study, we profiled the umbilical cord plasma metabolomes of uncomplicated MC and DC twin pregnancies and related these to several offspring outcomes, previously associated with birthweight. METHODS Umbilical vein blood samples were collected at birth from 25 pairs of uncomplicated MC twins and 24 pairs of uncomplicated DC twins. The samples were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. 152 metabolites were identified from the cord plasma samples of MC and DC twins. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and pathway analysis were performed to compare within DC/MC twin pairs and between DC and MC twins. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was utilized to explore the correlation between metabolic differences and birthweight discordance within and between twin pairs. RESULTS Our study revealed clear differences between the metabolite profiles of umbilical cord plasma of MC and DC twins. Metabolite profiles in MC within twin pairs and DC within twin pairs were characterized by the differences in 2 - hydroxyglutaramic acid levels and nicotinamide levels, respectively. The metabolic pathways of GSH, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism, were significantly downregulated in MC twins compared to DC twins. In addition, the concentration of caffeine and decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane (D5) was positively correlated with birthweight in MC and DC twins. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the altered metabolites in umbilical plasma made contributions to the different chorionicities between uncomplicated MC twins and DC twins. The chorionicity of twins seems to affect the metabolic cross-talk between co-twin pairs and be related to birthweight discordance of twins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hatem Mousa
- University of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Mass Spectrometry Centre of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Life Science Institution, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Nagai Y, Ambinder AJ. The Promise of Retinoids in the Treatment of Cancer: Neither Burnt Out Nor Fading Away. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3535. [PMID: 37509198 PMCID: PMC10377082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become a highly curable malignancy, especially in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO). ATRA's success has deepened our understanding of the role of the RARα pathway in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and it has influenced a generation of cancer drug development. Retinoids have also demonstrated some efficacy in a handful of other disease entities, including as a maintenance therapy for neuroblastoma and in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; nevertheless, the promise of retinoids as a differentiating therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more broadly, and as a cancer preventative, have largely gone unfulfilled. Recent research into the mechanisms of ATRA resistance and the biomarkers of RARα pathway dysregulation in AML have reinvigorated efforts to successfully deploy retinoid therapy in a broader subset of myeloid malignancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that the bone marrow environment is highly protected from exogenous ATRA via local homeostasis controlled by stromal cells expressing CYP26, a key enzyme responsible for ATRA inactivation. Synthetic CYP26-resistant retinoids such as tamibarotene bypass this stromal protection and have shown superior anti-leukemic effects. Furthermore, recent super-enhancer (SE) analysis has identified a novel AML subgroup characterized by high expression of RARα through strong SE levels in the gene locus and increased sensitivity to tamibarotene. Combined with a hypomethylating agent, synthetic retinoids have shown synergistic anti-leukemic effects in non-APL AML preclinical models and are now being studied in phase II and III clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagai
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Alexander J Ambinder
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Xu X, Zhou H, Wu H, Miao Z, Wan B, Ren H, Ge W, Wang G, Xu X. Tet2 acts in the lateral habenula to regulate social preference in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112695. [PMID: 37402169 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) has been considered a moderator of social behaviors. However, it remains unknown how LHb regulates social interaction. Here, we show that the hydroxymethylase Tet2 is highly expressed in the LHb. Tet2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice exhibit impaired social preference; however, replenishing Tet2 in the LHb rescues social preference impairment in Tet2 cKO mice. Tet2 cKO alters DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) modifications in genes that are related to neuronal functions, as is confirmed by miniature two-photon microscopy data. Further, Tet2 knockdown in the glutamatergic neurons of LHb causes impaired social behaviors, but the inhibition of glutamatergic excitability restores social preference. Mechanistically, we identify that Tet2 deficiency reduces 5hmC modifications on the Sh3rf2 promoter and Sh3rf2 mRNA expression. Interestingly, Sh3rf2 overexpression in the LHb rescues social preference in Tet2 cKO mice. Therefore, Tet2 in the LHb may be a potential therapeutic target for social behavior deficit-related disorders such as autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; PKU-Nanjing Joint Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hainan Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bo Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221600, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Macapagal SC, Bennani NN. Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma: Chemotherapy-free management, are we there yet? Blood Rev 2023; 60:101071. [PMID: 36898933 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a diverse and uncommon type of lymphoid malignancies with a dismal prognosis. Recent advances in genomic studies have shown recurring mutations that are changing our knowledge of the disease's molecular genetics and pathogenesis. As such, new targeted therapies and treatments to improve disease outcomes are currently being explored. In this review, we discussed the current understanding of the nodal PTCL biology with potential therapeutic implications and gave our insights on the promising novel therapies that are currently under study such as immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - N Nora Bennani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Qiao J, Wu H, Liu J, Kang H, Wang S, Fang J, Zhang J, Zhang W. Spectral Analysis Based on Hemodynamic Habitat Imaging Predicts Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Status and Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e520-e530. [PMID: 37028478 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intratumoral heterogeneity of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status and prognosis, which can be established by quantitative radioanalysis of spatial tumor habitats. Therefore, we designed a framework for tackling tumors based on spatial metabolism using the hemodynamic tissue signature (HTS), focusing on metabolic changes in tumor habitat to predict IDH status and assess prognosis in patients with HGG. METHODS Preoperative data for 121 patients with HGG with subsequent histologic confirmation of HGG were prospectively collected (January 2016 to December 2020). The HTS was mapped from the image data, chemical shift imaging voxels were selected from the HTS habitat as the region of interest, and the metabolic ratio of the HTS was calculated using weighted least square method fitting. The metabolic rate of the tumor enhancement area was used as a control to analyze the efficacy of each HTS metabolic rate in predicting the IDH status and prognosis of HGG. RESULTS Total choline (Cho)/total creatine and Cho/N-acetyl-aspartate showed significant differences between IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant in high- and low-angiogenic enhanced tumor sites (P < 0.05); Cho/total creatine was an independent risk factor for prognosis of HGG patients in high-angiogenic enhanced tumor habitats, with significant differences in survival time between groups (P < 0.05). The metabolic ratio in the tumor enhanced area could not predict IDH status or evaluate prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Spectral analysis based on hemodynamic habitat imaging can clearly distinguish IDH mutations and the prognosis assessment is more accurate, rendering it superior to traditional spectral analysis in tumor enhancement areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Houyi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingqin Fang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Centre of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Picca A, Bruno F, Nichelli L, Sanson M, Rudà R. Advances in molecular and imaging biomarkers in lower-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1217-1231. [PMID: 37982735 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2285472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower-grade (grade 2-3) gliomas (LGGs) constitutes a group of primary brain tumors with variable clinical behaviors and treatment responses. Recent advancements in molecular biology have redefined their classification, and novel imaging modalities emerged for the noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up. AREAS COVERED This review comprehensively analyses the current knowledge on molecular and imaging biomarkers in LGGs. Key molecular alterations, such as IDH mutations and 1p/19q codeletion, are discussed for their prognostic and predictive implications in guiding treatment decisions. Moreover, the authors explore theranostic biomarkers for the potential of tailored therapies. Additionally, they also describe the utility of advanced imaging modalities, including widely available techniques, as dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging and less validated, emerging approaches, for the noninvasive LGGs characterization and follow-up. EXPERT OPINION The integration of molecular markers enhanced the stratification of LGGs, leading to the new concept of integrated histomolecular classification. While the IDH mutation is an established key prognostic and predictive marker, recent results from IDH inhibitors trials showed its potential value as a theranostic marker. In this setting, advanced MRI techniques such as 2-D-hydroxyglutarate spectroscopy are very promising for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of LGGs. This progress offers exciting prospects for personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes in LGGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Picca
- Service de Neurologie 2 Mazarin, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMRS1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University and City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Nichelli
- Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Service de Neurologie 2 Mazarin, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMRS1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University and City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Bredel M, Espinosa L, Kim H, Scholtens DM, McElroy JP, Rajbhandari R, Meng W, Kollmeyer TM, Malta TM, Quezada MA, Harsh GR, Lobo-Jarne T, Solé L, Merati A, Nagaraja S, Nair S, White JJ, Thudi NK, Fleming JL, Webb A, Natsume A, Ogawa S, Weber RG, Bertran J, Haque SJ, Hentschel B, Miller CR, Furnari FB, Chan TA, Grosu AL, Weller M, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Monje M, Noushmehr H, Jenkins RB, Rogers CL, MacDonald DR, Pugh SL, Chakravarti A. Haploinsufficiency of NFKBIA reshapes the epigenome antipodal to the IDH mutation and imparts disease fate in diffuse gliomas. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101082. [PMID: 37343523 PMCID: PMC10314122 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations help predict the clinical behavior of diffuse gliomas, but some variability remains uncorrelated. Here, we demonstrate that haploinsufficient deletions of chromatin-bound tumor suppressor NFKB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) display distinct patterns of occurrence in relation to other genetic markers and are disproportionately present at recurrence. NFKBIA haploinsufficiency is associated with unfavorable patient outcomes, independent of genetic and clinicopathologic predictors. NFKBIA deletions reshape the DNA and histone methylome antipodal to the IDH mutation and induce a transcriptome landscape partly reminiscent of H3K27M mutant pediatric gliomas. In IDH mutant gliomas, NFKBIA deletions are common in tumors with a clinical course similar to that of IDH wild-type tumors. An externally validated nomogram model for estimating individual patient survival in IDH mutant gliomas confirms that NFKBIA deletions predict comparatively brief survival. Thus, NFKBIA haploinsufficiency aligns with distinct epigenome changes, portends a poor prognosis, and should be incorporated into models predicting the disease fate of diffuse gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Cancer Research Program, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Division of Biostatistics-Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics-Department of Biomedical Informatics, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas M Kollmeyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tathiane M Malta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Michael A Quezada
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Griffith R Harsh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Teresa Lobo-Jarne
- Cancer Research Program, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Solé
- Cancer Research Program, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aran Merati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Surya Nagaraja
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sindhu Nair
- Department of Radiation Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaclyn J White
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Nanda K Thudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessica L Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Center for Biostatistics-Department of Biomedical Informatics, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ruthild G Weber
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joan Bertran
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Technology, and Engineering. University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - S Jaharul Haque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bettina Hentschel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology-Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Division of Regenerative Medicine-Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics-National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - David R MacDonald
- London Regional Cancer Program, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Pugh
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Drumm MR, Wang W, Sears TK, Bell-Burdett K, Javier R, Cotton KY, Webb B, Byrne K, Unruh D, Thirunavu V, Walshon J, Steffens A, McCortney K, Lukas RV, Phillips JJ, Mohamed E, Finan JD, Santana-Santos L, Heimberger AB, Franz CK, Kurz J, Templer JW, Swanson GT, Horbinski C. Postoperative risk of IDH-mutant glioma-associated seizures and their potential management with IDH-mutant inhibitors. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168035. [PMID: 37104042 PMCID: PMC10266777 DOI: 10.1172/jci168035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a frequent complication of adult-type diffuse gliomas, and are often difficult to control with medications. Gliomas with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDHmut) are more likely than IDH-wild type (IDHwt) gliomas to cause seizures as part of their initial clinical presentation. However, whether IDHmut is also associated with seizures during the remaining disease course, and whether IDHmut inhibitors can reduce seizure risk, are unclear. Clinical multivariable analyses showed that preoperative seizures, glioma location, extent of resection, and glioma molecular subtype (including IDHmut status) all contributed to postoperative seizure risk in adult-type diffuse glioma patients, and that postoperative seizures were often associated with tumor recurrence. Experimentally, the metabolic product of IDHmut, d-2-hydroxyglutarate, rapidly synchronized neuronal spike firing in a seizure-like manner, but only when non-neoplastic glial cells were present. In vitro and in vivo models recapitulated IDHmut glioma-associated seizures, and IDHmut inhibitors currently being evaluated in glioma clinical trials inhibited seizures in those models, independent of their effects on glioma growth. These data show that postoperative seizure risk in adult-type diffuse gliomas varies in large part by molecular subtype, and that IDHmut inhibitors could play a key role in mitigating such risk in IDHmut glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kirsten Bell-Burdett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rodrigo Javier
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Brynna Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kayla Byrne
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John D. Finan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colin K. Franz
- Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Biologics Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jessica W. Templer
- Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology and
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Qin Y, Shen K, Liu T, Ma H. Prognostic value of IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:527. [PMID: 37291515 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) R140 and R172 gene mutations affect the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is controversial. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess their prognostic value. METHODS Eligible studies were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Chinese databases up to June 1, 2022. We extracted the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) to carry out a meta-analysis by a fixed effect model or random effect model according to the heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS A total of 12725 AML patients from 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 1111 (8.7%) and 305 (2.4%) had IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 mutations, respectively. The results revealed that both IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 mutations had no significant effect on OS (IDH2R140: HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, P = 0.365; IDH2R172: HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.65-1.28, P = 0.590) or PFS (IDH2R140: HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.75-1.40, P = 0.881; IDH2R172: HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.78-2.22, P = 0.306) in AML patients. Subgroup analysis of AML patients with IDH2R140 mutation revealed that studies from the USA (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.89, P = 0.010) and ≤ 50 years old (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80, P = 0.000) had longer OS. However, studies from Sweden (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.07-3.53, P = 0.030) had shorter OS. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis of AML patients with IDH2R172 mutation showed that studies from Germany/Austria (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94, P = 0.012) and from Sweden (HR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07-0.74, P = 0.014) had longer OS, whereas studies from the UK (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13-1.96, P = 0.005) and studies with nonmultivariate analysis of data type (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.73, P = 0.014) had shorter OS. In addition, our study also found that patients with IDH2R140 mutation had significantly longer OS (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.96, P = 0.032) and PFS (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18-0.52, P = 0.021) than patients with IDH2R172 mutation, despite some degree of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that IDH2R140 mutation improves OS in younger AML patients and that the prognostic value of IDH2R172 mutation is significantly heterogeneous. Differences in region and data type have a significant impact on the prognosis of AML patients with IDH2R140 and/or IDH2R172 mutations. Additionally, AML patients with IDH2R140 mutation have a better prognosis than those with IDH2R172 mutations, albeit with some degree of heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141851. [PMID: 37361580 PMCID: PMC10285382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that govern cellular bioenergetics are deregulated in tumor cells and represent a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells have the capacity to reprogram pathways that control nutrient acquisition, anabolism and catabolism to enhance their growth and survival. Tumorigenesis requires the autonomous reprogramming of key metabolic pathways that obtain, generate and produce metabolites from a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment to meet the increased bioenergetic demands of cancer cells. Intra- and extracellular factors also have a profound effect on gene expression to drive metabolic pathway reprogramming in not only cancer cells but also surrounding cell types that contribute to anti-tumor immunity. Despite a vast amount of genetic and histologic heterogeneity within and between cancer types, a finite set of pathways are commonly deregulated to support anabolism, catabolism and redox balance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults and remains incurable in the vast majority of patients. Genetic events and the hypoxic bone marrow milieu deregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in MM cells to promote their proliferation, survival, metastasis, drug resistance and evasion of immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss mechanisms that disrupt metabolic pathways in MM cells to support the development of therapeutic resistance and thwart the effects of anti-myeloma immunity. A better understanding of the events that reprogram metabolism in myeloma and immune cells may reveal unforeseen vulnerabilities and advance the rational design of drug cocktails that improve patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Goparaju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Griffin GK, Booth CAG, Togami K, Chung SS, Ssozi D, Verga JA, Bouyssou JM, Lee YS, Shanmugam V, Hornick JL, LeBoeuf NR, Morgan EA, Bernstein BE, Hovestadt V, van Galen P, Lane AA. Ultraviolet radiation shapes dendritic cell leukaemia transformation in the skin. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06156-8. [PMID: 37286599 PMCID: PMC10284703 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumours most often arise from progression of precursor clones within a single anatomical niche. In the bone marrow, clonal progenitors can undergo malignant transformation to acute leukaemia, or differentiate into immune cells that contribute to disease pathology in peripheral tissues1-4. Outside the marrow, these clones are potentially exposed to a variety of tissue-specific mutational processes, although the consequences of this are unclear. Here we investigate the development of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)-an unusual form of acute leukaemia that often presents with malignant cells isolated to the skin5. Using tumour phylogenomics and single-cell transcriptomics with genotyping, we find that BPDCN arises from clonal (premalignant) haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. We observe that BPDCN skin tumours first develop at sun-exposed anatomical sites and are distinguished by clonally expanded mutations induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A reconstruction of tumour phylogenies reveals that UV damage can precede the acquisition of alterations associated with malignant transformation, implicating sun exposure of plasmacytoid dendritic cells or committed precursors during BPDCN pathogenesis. Functionally, we find that loss-of-function mutations in Tet2, the most common premalignant alteration in BPDCN, confer resistance to UV-induced cell death in plasmacytoid, but not conventional, dendritic cells, suggesting a context-dependent tumour-suppressive role for TET2. These findings demonstrate how tissue-specific environmental exposures at distant anatomical sites can shape the evolution of premalignant clones to disseminated cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel K Griffin
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Katsuhiro Togami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Sook Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ssozi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia A Verga
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliette M Bouyssou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoke Seng Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vignesh Shanmugam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter van Galen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Kravitz CJ, Yan Q, Nguyen DX. Epigenetic markers and therapeutic targets for metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:427-443. [PMID: 37286865 PMCID: PMC10595046 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The last few years have seen an increasing number of discoveries which collectively demonstrate that histone and DNA modifying enzyme modulate different stages of metastasis. Moreover, epigenomic alterations can now be measured at multiple scales of analysis and are detectable in human tumors or liquid biopsies. Malignant cell clones with a proclivity for relapse in certain organs may arise in the primary tumor as a consequence of epigenomic alterations which cause a loss in lineage integrity. These alterations may occur due to genetic aberrations acquired during tumor progression or concomitant to therapeutic response. Moreover, evolution of the stroma can also alter the epigenome of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current knowledge with a particular emphasis on leveraging chromatin and DNA modifying mechanisms as biomarkers of disseminated disease and as therapeutic targets to treat metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Kravitz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Center for Immuno-Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Patrick S, Lathoria K, Suri V, Sen E. Reduced YAP1 and FOLR1 in gliomas predict better response to chemotherapeutics. Cell Signal 2023:110738. [PMID: 37269960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas harbouring mutations in IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) are characterized by greater sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. These mutants also exhibit diminished levels of transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1). Enhanced DNA damage in IDH1 mutant cells, as evidenced by γH2AX formation (phosphorylation of histone variant H2A.X) and ATM (serine/threonine kinase; ataxia telangiectasia mutated) phosphorylation, was accompanied by reduced FOLR1 (folate receptor 1) expression. Diminished FOLR1, concomitant with heightened γH2AX levels, was also observed in patient-derived IDH1 mutant glioma tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression of mutant YAP1, and treatment with YAP1-TEAD (TEA domain transcription factors) complex inhibitor verteporfin demonstrated regulation of FOLR1 expression by YAP1 and its partner transcription factor TEAD2. TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data analysis demonstrated better patient survival with reduced FOLR1 expression. Depletion of FOLR1 rendered IDH1 wild-type gliomas more susceptible to temozolomide-mediated death. Despite heightened DNA damage, IDH1 mutants exhibited reduced levels of IL6 (interleukin 6) and IL8 (interleukin 8) - pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be associated with persistent DNA damage. While both FOLR1 and YAP1 influenced DNA damage, only YAP1 was involved in regulating IL6 and IL8. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORTx analyses revealed the association between YAP1 expression and immune cell infiltration in gliomas. By identifying the influence of YAP1-FOLR1 link in DNA damage, our findings suggest that simultaneous depletion of both could amplify the potency of DNA damaging agents, while concomitantly reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and potentially affecting immune modulation. This study also highlights the novel role of FOLR1 as a probable prognostic marker in gliomas, predicting responsiveness to temozolomide and other DNA damaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali Suri
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Turkalj S, Radtke FA, Vyas P. An Overview of Targeted Therapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e914. [PMID: 37304938 PMCID: PMC10256410 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most aggressive adult leukemia, characterized by clonal differentiation arrest of progenitor or precursor hematopoietic cells. Intense preclinical and clinical research has led to regulatory approval of several targeted therapeutics, administered either as single agents or as combination therapies. However, the majority of patients still face a poor prognosis and disease relapse frequently occurs due to selection of therapy-resistant clones. Hence, more effective novel therapies, most likely as innovative, rational combination therapies, are urgently needed. Chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, and epigenetic alterations drive AML pathogenesis but concurrently provide vulnerabilities to specifically target leukemic cells. Other molecules, either aberrantly active and/or overexpressed in leukemic stem cells, may also be leveraged for therapeutic benefit. This concise review of targeted therapies for AML treatment, which are either approved or are being actively investigated in clinical trials or recent preclinical studies, provides a flavor of the direction of travel, but also highlights the current challenges in AML treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Turkalj
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Hematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Felix A. Radtke
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Hematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Hematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Li Z, Gu Z, Wang L, Guan Y, Lyu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Xiong J, Liu Y. Nuclear Translocation of LDHA Promotes the Catabolism of BCAAs to Sustain GBM Cell Proliferation through the TxN Antioxidant Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119365. [PMID: 37298317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is excitotoxic to neurons. The entry of glutamine or glutamate from the blood into the brain is limited. To overcome this, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism replenishes the glutamate in brain cells. Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) activity is silenced by epigenetic methylation in IDH mutant gliomas. However, glioblastomas (GBMs) express wild type IDH. Here, we investigated how oxidative stress promotes BCAAs' metabolism to maintain intracellular redox balance and, consequently, the rapid progression of GBMs. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation promoted the nuclear translocation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which triggered DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like)-mediated histone H3K79 hypermethylation and enhanced BCAA catabolism in GBM cells. Glutamate derived from BCAAs catabolism participates in antioxidant thioredoxin (TxN) production. The inhibition of BCAT1 decreased the tumorigenicity of GBM cells in orthotopically transplanted nude mice, and prolonged their survival time. In GBM samples, BCAT1 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival time (OS) of patients. These findings highlight the role of the non-canonical enzyme activity of LDHA on BCAT1 expression, which links the two major metabolic pathways in GBMs. Glutamate produced by the catabolism of BCAAs was involved in complementary antioxidant TxN synthesis to balance the redox state in tumor cells and promote the progression of GBMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Cyberknife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingying Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Oncology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cyberknife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Bianconi A, Palmieri G, Aruta G, Monticelli M, Zeppa P, Tartara F, Melcarne A, Garbossa D, Cofano F. Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1520. [PMID: 37371615 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive central nervous system tumor, requiring multimodal management. Due to its malignant behavior and infiltrative growth pattern, GBM is one of the most difficult tumors to treat and gross total resection is still considered to be the first crucial step. The deep understanding of GBM microenvironment and the possibility of manipulating the patient's innate and adaptive immune system to fight the neoplasm represent the base of immunotherapeutic strategies that currently express the future for the fight against GBM. Despite the immunotherapeutic approach having been successfully adopted in several solid and haematologic neoplasms, immune resistance and the immunosuppressive environment make the use of these strategies challenging in GBM treatment. We describe the most recent updates regarding new therapeutic strategies that target the immune system, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, peptide and oncolytic vaccines, and the relevant mechanism of immune resistance. However, no significant results have yet been obtained in studies targeting single molecules/pathways. The future direction of GBM therapy will include a combined approach that, in contrast to the inescapable current treatment modality of maximal resection followed by chemo- and radiotherapy, may combine a multifaceted immunotherapy treatment with the dual goals of directly killing tumor cells and activating the innate and adaptive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e per la Romagna, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Tartara
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Melcarne
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Humanitas Gradenigo, 10100 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Zara V, Assalve G, Ferramosca A. Insights into the malfunctioning of the mitochondrial citrate carrier: Implications for cell pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166758. [PMID: 37209873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family and is responsible for the transit of tricarboxylates and dicarboxylates across the inner membrane. By modulating the flux of these molecules, it represents the molecular link between catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in distinct cellular sub-compartments. Therefore, this transport protein represents an important element of investigation both in physiology and in pathology. In this review we critically analyze the involvement of the mitochondrial CIC in several human pathologies, which can be divided into two subgroups, one characterized by a decrease and the other by an increase in the flux of citrate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In particular, a decrease in the activity of the mitochondrial CIC is responsible for several congenital diseases of different severity, which are also characterized by the increase in urinary levels of L-2- and D-2-hydroxyglutaric acids. On the other hand, an increase in the activity of the mitochondrial CIC is involved, in various ways, in the onset of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Then, understanding the role of CIC and the mechanisms driving the flux of metabolic intermediates between mitochondria and cytosol would potentially allow for manipulation and control of metabolism in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Graziana Assalve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Tong Y, Qi Y, Xiong G, Li J, Scott TL, Chen J, He D, Li L, Wang C, Lane AN, Xu R. The PLOD2/succinate axis regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and cancer cell stemness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214942120. [PMID: 37155842 PMCID: PMC10194013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214942120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of succinate has been detected in many cancers. However, the cellular function and regulation of succinate in cancer progression is not completely understood. Using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics analysis, we showed that the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was associated with profound changes in metabolites, including elevation of cytoplasmic succinate levels. The treatment with cell-permeable succinate induced mesenchymal phenotypes in mammary epithelial cells and enhanced cancer cell stemness. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequence analysis showed that elevated cytoplasmic succinate levels were sufficient to reduce global 5-hydroxymethylcytosinene (5hmC) accumulation and induce transcriptional repression of EMT-related genes. We showed that expression of procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) was associated with elevation of cytoplasmic succinate during the EMT process. Silencing of PLOD2 expression in breast cancer cells reduced succinate levels and inhibited cancer cell mesenchymal phenotypes and stemness, which was accompanied by elevated 5hmC levels in chromatin. Importantly, exogenous succinate rescued cancer cell stemness and 5hmC levels in PLOD2-silenced cells, suggesting that PLOD2 promotes cancer progression at least partially through succinate. These results reveal the previously unidentified function of succinate in enhancing cancer cell plasticity and stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Yifei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Gaofeng Xiong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Junyan Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Timothy L. Scott
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Jie Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Linzhang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhuo R, Wang L, Qin Y, Han W, Peng X. G6PD drives glioma invasion by regulating SQSTM1 protein stability. Gene 2023; 874:147476. [PMID: 37187243 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is an incurable brain tumor with high recurrence due to the frequent invasion of neoplastic cells. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a critical enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) whose aberrant expression drives the pathogenesis of various cancers. Recent research has identified other moonlight modes of enzymes besides the well-known regulation of metabolic reprogramming. Here, we identified previously unexplored roles of G6PD in glioma via gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Furthermore, survival analyses revealed that glioma patients with high G6PD expression had a worse outcome than patients with low G6PD expression (Hazard Ratio (95%CI): 2.96 (2.41, 3.64), p = 3.5E-22). Combined with functional assays, G6PD was shown to be related with the migration and invasion in glioma. G6PD knockdown could inhibit the migration in LN229 cells. And G6PD overexpression enhanced LN229 cell migration and invasion. Mechanically, the knockdown of G6PD reduced sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) protein stability under cycloheximide (CHX) treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of SQSTM1 rescued the impaired migrated and invasive phenotypes in G6PD-silenced cells. Clinically, we validated the role of G6PD-SQSTM1 axis in glioma prognosis by constructing the multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model. These results define a pivotal function of G6PD in modulating SQSTM1 to promote glioma aggressiveness. And G6PD may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma. G6PD-SQSTM1 axis may be a potential prognostic biomarker in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Wang QX, Zhang PY, Li QQ, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Yu SP, Yu YC, Ding N, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xu JG, Sun SL, Yang Y, Li NG, Shi ZH. Challenges for the development of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 inhibitors to treat glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115464. [PMID: 37235998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors, and its high recurrence and mortality rates threaten human health. In 2008, the frequent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in glioma were reported, which brought a new strategy in the treatment of this challenging disease. In this perspective, we first discuss the possible gliomagenesis after IDH1 mutations (mIDH1). Subsequently, we systematically investigate the reported mIDH1 inhibitors and present a comparative analysis of the ligand-binding pocket in mIDH1. Additionally, we also discuss the binding features and physicochemical properties of different mIDH1 inhibitors to facilitate the future development of mIDH1 inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the possible selectivity features of mIDH1 inhibitors against WT-IDH1 and IDH2 by combining protein-based and ligand-based information. We hope that this perspective can inspire the development of mIDH1 inhibitors and bring potent mIDH1 inhibitors for the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shao-Peng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Guo Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Malayil R, Chhichholiya Y, Vasudeva K, Singh HV, Singh T, Singh S, Munshi A. Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer: focus on signaling pathways and mitochondrial genes. Med Oncol 2023; 40:174. [PMID: 37170010 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming impacts the abundance of key metabolites that regulate signaling and epigenetics. Metabolic vulnerability in the cancer cell is evident from the Warburg effect. The research on metabolism in the progression and survival of breast cancer (BC) is under focus. Oncogenic signal activation and loss of tumor suppressor are important regulators of tumor cell metabolism. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to metabolic reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic reprogramming in BC are extensive and only partially defined. Various signaling pathways involved in the metabolism play a significant role in the modulation of BC. Notably, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, lactate-ERK/STAT3 signaling, loss of the tumor suppressor Ras, Myc, oxidative stress, activation of the cellular hypoxic response and acidosis contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes linked to enhanced glycolysis. The alterations in mitochondrial genes have also been elaborated upon along with their functional implications. The outcome of these active research areas might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions and the remodeling of known drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhuthuparna Malayil
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harsh Vikram Singh
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Cordner R, Jhun M, Panwar A, Wang H, Gull N, Murali R, McAbee JH, Mardiros A, Sanchez-Takei A, Mazer MW, Fan X, Jouanneau E, Yu JS, Black KL, Wheeler CJ. Glioma immunotherapy enhancement and CD8-specific sialic acid cleavage by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02713-7. [PMID: 37161052 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The promise of adaptive cancer immunotherapy in treating highly malignant tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can only be realized through expanding its benefits to more patients. Alleviating various modes of immune suppression has so far failed to achieve such expansion, but exploiting endogenous immune enhancers among mutated cancer genes could represent a more direct approach to immunotherapy improvement. We found that Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1), which is commonly mutated in gliomas, enhances glioma vaccine efficacy in mice and discerns long from short survivors after vaccine therapy in GBM patients. Extracellular IDH1 directly enhanced T cell responses to multiple tumor antigens, and prolonged experimental glioma cell lysis. Moreover, IDH1 specifically bound to and exhibited sialidase activity against CD8. By contrast, mutant IDH1R132H lacked sialidase activity, delayed killing in glioma cells, and decreased host survival after immunotherapy. Overall, our findings identify IDH1 as an immunotherapeutic enhancer that mediates the known T cell-enhancing reaction of CD8 desialylation. This uncovers a new axis for immunotherapeutic improvement in GBM and other cancers, reveals novel physiological and molecular functions of IDH1, and hints at an unexpectedly direct link between lytic T cell function and metabolic activity in target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cordner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, UT, Provo, USA
| | - Michelle Jhun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akanksha Panwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - HongQiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Gull
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H McAbee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Armen Mardiros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- A2 Biotherapeutics, Agoura Hills, CA, USA
| | - Akane Sanchez-Takei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mia W Mazer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuemo Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital and INSERM 842 Research Unit, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Wheeler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- International Brain Mapping Foundation, Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, 860 Via De La Paz, Suite E-1, Pacific Palisades, CA, USA.
- StemVax Therapeutics (subsidiary of NovAccess Global), 8584 E. Washington St. #127, Chagrin Falls, OH, USA.
- T-Neuro Pharma, PO Box 781, Aptos, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Chang CM, Ramesh KK, Huang V, Gurbani S, Kleinberg LR, Weinberg BD, Shim H, Shu HKG. Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Expression Enhances Response of Gliomas to the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Belinostat. Tomography 2023; 9:942-954. [PMID: 37218937 PMCID: PMC10204413 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are drugs that target the epigenetic state of cells by modifying the compaction of chromatin through effects on histone acetylation. Gliomas often harbor a mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 that leads to changes in their epigenetic state presenting a hypermethylator phenotype. We postulated that glioma cells with IDH mutation, due to the presence of epigenetic changes, will show increased sensitivity to HDACis. This hypothesis was tested by expressing mutant IDH1 with a point alteration-converting arginine 132 to histidine-within glioma cell lines that contain wild-type IDH1. Glioma cells engineered to express mutant IDH1 produced D-2-hydroxyglutarate as expected. When assessed for response to the pan-HDACi drug belinostat, mutant IDH1-expressing glioma cells were subjected to more potent inhibition of growth than the corresponding control cells. Increased sensitivity to belinostat correlated with the increased induction of apoptosis. Finally, a phase I trial assessing the addition of belinostat to standard-of-care therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients included one patient with a mutant IDH1 tumor. This mutant IDH1 tumor appeared to display greater sensitivity to the addition of belinostat than the other cases with wild-type IDH tumors based on both standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced spectroscopic MRI criteria. These data together suggest that IDH mutation status within gliomas may serve as a biomarker of response to HDACis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karthik K. Ramesh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vicki Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Saumya Gurbani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Brent D. Weinberg
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui-Kuo G. Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|