151
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Behrmann L, Wellbrock J, Fiedler W. Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Bone Marrow Niche-Take a Closer Look. Front Oncol 2018; 8:444. [PMID: 30370251 PMCID: PMC6195156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is the home of hematopoiesis and is therefore a hotspot for the development of hematopoietic diseases. Complex interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and hematopoietic stem cells must find a balance between proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis of the stem cell compartment. Changes in this tightly regulated network can provoke malignant transformation, leading to hematopoietic diseases. Here we focus on acute myeloid leukemia (AML), since this is the most frequent acute leukemia in adulthood with very poor overall survival rates and where relapse after chemotherapy continues to be a major challenge, driving demand for new therapeutic strategies. Current research is focusing on the identification of specific interactions between leukemic blasts and their niche components, which may be exploited as novel treatment targets along with induction chemotherapy. Significant progress has been gained over the last few years in the field of high-resolution imaging. Confocal ex vivo and intravital microscopy have revealed a detailed map of bone marrow structures and components; as well as identifying numerous alterations in the stem cell niche that correspond to disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood and due to the complexity, their elucidation remains a challenging. This review discusses the constitution of the AML niche in the bone marrow, the improvement in visualization of the complex three-dimensional niche structures and points out new therapeutic strategies to increase the overall survival of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Behrmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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152
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Rissone A, Burgess SM. Rare Genetic Blood Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. Front Genet 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 30233640 PMCID: PMC6127601 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis results in the correct formation of all the different blood cell types. In mammals, it starts from specific hematopoietic stem and precursor cells residing in the bone marrow. Mature blood cells are responsible for supplying oxygen to every cell of the organism and for the protection against pathogens. Therefore, inherited or de novo genetic mutations affecting blood cell formation or the regulation of their activity are responsible for numerous diseases including anemia, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, hyper- or hypo-inflammation, and cancer. By definition, an animal disease model is an analogous version of a specific clinical condition developed by researchers to gain information about its pathophysiology. Among all the model species used in comparative medicine, mice continue to be the most common and accepted model for biomedical research. However, because of the complexity of human diseases and the intrinsic differences between humans and other species, the use of several models (possibly in distinct species) can often be more helpful and informative than the use of a single model. In recent decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become increasingly popular among researchers, because it represents an inexpensive alternative compared to mammalian models, such as mice. Numerous advantages make it an excellent animal model to be used in genetic studies and in particular in modeling human blood diseases. Comparing zebrafish hematopoiesis to mammals, it is highly conserved with few, significant differences. In addition, the zebrafish model has a high-quality, complete genomic sequence available that shows a high level of evolutionary conservation with the human genome, empowering genetic and genomic approaches. Moreover, the external fertilization, the high fecundity and the transparency of their embryos facilitate rapid, in vivo analysis of phenotypes. In addition, the ability to manipulate its genome using the last genome editing technologies, provides powerful tools for developing new disease models and understanding the pathophysiology of human disorders. This review provides an overview of the different approaches and techniques that can be used to model genetic diseases in zebrafish, discussing how this animal model has contributed to the understanding of genetic diseases, with a specific focus on the blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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153
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Lancino M, Majello S, Herbert S, De Chaumont F, Tinevez JY, Olivo-Marin JC, Herbomel P, Schmidt A. Anisotropic organization of circumferential actomyosin characterizes hematopoietic stem cells emergence in the zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:37355. [PMID: 30132756 PMCID: PMC6105311 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis leads to the formation of blood and immune cells. Hematopoietic stem cells emerge during development, from vascular components, via a process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Here, we reveal essential biomechanical features of the EHT, using the zebrafish embryo imaged at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution and an algorithm to unwrap the aorta into 2D-cartography. We show that the transition involves anisotropic contraction along the antero-posterior axis, with heterogenous organization of contractile circumferential actomyosin. The biomechanics of the contraction is oscillatory, with unusually long periods in comparison to other apical constriction mechanisms described so far in morphogenesis, and is supported by the anisotropic reinforcement of junctional contacts. Finally, we show that abrogation of blood flow impairs the actin cytoskeleton, the morphodynamics of EHT cells, and the orientation of the emergence. Overall, our results underline the peculiarities of the EHT biomechanics and the influence of the mechanical forces exerted by blood flow. As humans, we have two major types of blood cell: our red blood cells transport oxygen around the body, while our white blood cells fight disease. Both types of cell come from the same stem cells, which first appear early in embryonic development. These stem cells emerge from the walls of major blood vessels, including the aorta – which carries blood from the heart. Stem cells have not yet decided which adult cell to become. Given the right signals, blood stem cells can form red blood cells or any of the different types of white blood cell. Understanding this process could allow scientists to recreate it in the laboratory, making blood stem cells that can give rise to all blood cells found in the body. But, this is not yet possible because we do not know all the conditions needed to make the cells and ensure they survive. One crucial gap in our understanding concerns the importance of blood flow. As the main blood vessel leaving the heart, the aorta experiences mechanical stress every time the heart beats. Lancino et al. wanted to find out whether this influences the development of the blood stem cells. Zebrafish embryos are transparent, making it easy to see their bodies developing under a microscope. Like humans, they also produce both red blood cells and white blood cells meaning Lancino et al. could watch the birth of blood stem cells in these embryos from a part of the aorta called the aortic floor. A new software tool unwrapped pictures of the tube-shaped blood vessel into flat, two-dimensional maps, making it possible to see how the aorta changed over time. This revealed that, as blood stem cells leave the aortic floor, they bend and contract with the direction of the blood flow. Rings of actin and myosin proteins that formed around the stem cells as they are born helped the process along, while stopping the heartbeat changed the way the blood cells emerged. Without any blood flow, the actin proteins did not assemble properly; the stem cells also emerged in the wrong direction and some of them even died. These findings show that physical forces play a role in the formation of blood stem cells. Understanding this process brings scientists a step closer to recreating the conditions for making different kinds of blood cells outside of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Lancino
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
| | - Sara Majello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Herbert
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.,Image Analysis Hub, UTechSPhotonic BioImaging (Imagopole), Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice De Chaumont
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, UTechSPhotonic BioImaging (Imagopole), Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Herbomel
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schmidt
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
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154
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A metabolic interplay coordinated by HLX regulates myeloid differentiation and AML through partly overlapping pathways. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3090. [PMID: 30082823 PMCID: PMC6078963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The H2.0-like homeobox transcription factor (HLX) regulates hematopoietic differentiation and is overexpressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), but the mechanisms underlying these functions remain unclear. We demonstrate here that HLX overexpression leads to a myeloid differentiation block both in zebrafish and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We show that HLX overexpression leads to downregulation of genes encoding electron transport chain (ETC) components and upregulation of PPARδ gene expression in zebrafish and human HSPCs. HLX overexpression also results in AMPK activation. Pharmacological modulation of PPARδ signaling relieves the HLX-induced myeloid differentiation block and rescues HSPC loss upon HLX knockdown but it has no effect on AML cell lines. In contrast, AMPK inhibition results in reduced viability of AML cell lines, but minimally affects myeloid progenitors. This newly described role of HLX in regulating the metabolic state of hematopoietic cells may have important therapeutic implications. HLX transcription factor regulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation and is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia. Here the authors show that HLX overexpression leads to myeloid differentiation block in zebrafish and human HSPCs by direct regulation of metabolic pathways.
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155
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Shen J, Zhang T, Cheng Z, Zhu N, Wang H, Lin L, Wang Z, Yi H, Hu M. Lycorine inhibits glioblastoma multiforme growth through EGFR suppression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:157. [PMID: 30016965 PMCID: PMC6050662 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Lycorine has been revealed to inhibit the development of many kinds of malignant tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Although compelling evidences demonstrated Lycorine’s inhibition on cancers through some peripheral mechanism, in-depth mechanism studies of Lycotine’s anti-GBM effects still call for further exploration. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene amplification and mutations are the most common oncogenic events in GBM. Targeting EGFR by small molecular inhibitors is a rational strategy for GBM treatment. Methods The molecular docking modeling and in vitro EGFR kinase activity system were employed to identify the potential inhibitory effects of Lycorine on EGFR. And the Biacore assay was used to confirm the direct binding status between Lycorine and the intracellular EGFR (696–1022) domain. In vitro assays were conducted to test the suppression of Lycorine on the biological behavior of GBM cells. By RNA interference, EGFR expression was reduced then cells underwent proliferation assay to investigate whether Lycorine’s inhibition on GBM cells was EGFR-dependent or not. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis were carried out to investigate the underlined molecular mechanism that Lycorine exerted on EGFR itself and EGFR signaling pathway. Three different xenograft models (an U251-luc intracranially orthotopic transplantation model, an EGFR stably knockdown U251 subcutaneous xenograft model and a patient-derived xenograft model) were performed to verify Lycorine’s therapeutic potential on GBM in vivo. Results We identified a novel small natural molecule Lycorine binding to the intracellular EGFR (696–1022) domain as an inhibitor of EGFR. Lycorine decreased GBM cell proliferation, migration and colony formation by inducing cell apoptosis in an EGFR-mediated manner. Furthermore, Lycorine inhibited the xenograft tumor growths in three animal models in vivo. Besides, Lycorine impaired the phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, which were mechanistically associated with expression alteration of a series of cell survival and death regulators and metastasis-related MMP9 protein. Conclusions Our findings identify Lycorine directly interacts with EGFR and inhibits EGFR activation. The most significant result is that Lycorine displays satisfactory therapeutic effect in our patient-derived GBM tumor xenograft, thus supporting the conclusion that Lycorine may be considered as a promising candidate in clinical therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Li Lin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Zexia Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Haotian Yi
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437000, China.
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156
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Hamidi S, Sheng G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in haematopoietic stem cell development and homeostasis. J Biochem 2018; 164:265-275. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- Laboratory of Developmental Morphogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Morphogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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157
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Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis is a hematopoietic program of stem cell-driven neutrophil production used to counteract immune cell exhaustion following infection. Shigella flexneri is a Gram-negative enteroinvasive pathogen controlled by neutrophils. In this study, we use a Shigella-zebrafish (Danio rerio) infection model to investigate emergency granulopoiesis in vivo. We show that stem cell-driven neutrophil production occurs in response to Shigella infection and requires macrophage-independent signaling by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Gcsf). To test whether emergency granulopoiesis can function beyond homoeostasis to enhance innate immunity, we developed a reinfection assay using zebrafish larvae that have not yet developed an adaptive immune system. Strikingly, larvae primed with a sublethal dose of Shigella are protected against a secondary lethal dose of Shigella in a type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent manner. Collectively, these results highlight a new role for emergency granulopoiesis in boosting host defense and demonstrate that zebrafish larvae can be a valuable in vivo model to investigate innate immune memory. Shigella is an important human pathogen of the gut. Emergency granulopoiesis is the enhanced production of neutrophils by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) upon infection and is widely considered a homoeostatic mechanism for replacing exhausted leukocytes. In this study, we developed a Shigella-zebrafish infection model to investigate stem cell-driven emergency granulopoiesis. We discovered that zebrafish initiate granulopoiesis in response to Shigella infection, via macrophage-independent signaling of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Gcsf). Strikingly, larvae primed with a sublethal dose of Shigella are protected against a secondary lethal dose of Shigella in a type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent manner. Taken together, we show that zebrafish infection can be used to capture Shigella-mediated stem cell-driven granulopoiesis and provide a new model system to study stem cell biology in vivo. Our results also highlight the potential of manipulating stem cell-driven granulopoiesis to boost innate immunity and combat infectious disease.
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158
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Zhan Y, Huang Y, Chen J, Cao Z, He J, Zhang J, Huang H, Ruan H, Luo L, Li L. The caudal dorsal artery generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:S1673-8527(18)30099-7. [PMID: 29929848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endothelium of the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA) through the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) from approximately 30 to 60 hours post fertilization (hpf). However, whether other artery sites can generate HSPCs de novo remains unclear. In this study, using live imaging and lineage tracing, we found that the caudal dorsal artery (CDA) in the caudal hematopoietic tissue directly gave rise to HSPCs through EHT. This process initiated from approximately 60 hpf and terminated at approximately 156 hpf. Compared with that in the DA, fewer EHT events were observed in the CDA. The EHT events in the DA and CDA were similarly regulated by Runx1 but differentially influenced by blood flow (i.e., the EHT frequency in CDA was affected to a lesser extent when circulation was compromised in the tnnt2a-/- mutant). Therefore, the whole artery, including both DA and CDA, was endowed with the ability to produce HSPCs during a much longer time period. Coincidently, the lineage tracing results indicated that adult hematopoietic cells originated from the embryonic endothelium, and those produced later preferentially colonized the adult thymus. Collectively, our study revealed that the CDA serves as an additional source of hematopoiesis, and it shows similar but not identical properties with the DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Youkui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hua Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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159
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Kapp FG, Perlin JR, Hagedorn EJ, Gansner JM, Schwarz DE, O'Connell LA, Johnson NS, Amemiya C, Fisher DE, Wölfle U, Trompouki E, Niemeyer CM, Driever W, Zon LI. Protection from UV light is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the haematopoietic niche. Nature 2018; 558:445-448. [PMID: 29899448 PMCID: PMC6093292 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC behaviour1,2. The location of this niche varies across species, but the evolutionary pressures that drive HSPCs to different microenvironments remain unknown. The niche is located in the bone marrow in adult mammals, whereas it is found in other locations in non-mammalian vertebrates, for example, in the kidney marrow in teleost fish. Here we show that a melanocyte umbrella above the kidney marrow protects HSPCs against ultraviolet light in zebrafish. Because mutants that lack melanocytes have normal steady-state haematopoiesis under standard laboratory conditions, we hypothesized that melanocytes above the stem cell niche protect HSPCs against ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage. Indeed, after ultraviolet-light irradiation, unpigmented larvae show higher levels of DNA damage in HSPCs, as indicated by staining of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and have reduced numbers of HSPCs, as shown by cmyb (also known as myb) expression. The umbrella of melanocytes associated with the haematopoietic niche is highly evolutionarily conserved in aquatic animals, including the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. During the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, HSPCs relocated into the bone marrow, which is protected from ultraviolet light by the cortical bone around the marrow. Our studies reveal that melanocytes above the haematopoietic niche protect HSPCs from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates and suggest that during the transition to terrestrial life, ultraviolet light was an evolutionary pressure affecting the location of the haematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich G Kapp
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julie R Perlin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Schwarz
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Private John Allen National Fish Hatchery, Tupelo, MS, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Johnson
- US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, USA
| | - Chris Amemiya
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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160
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Agarwala S, Tamplin OJ. Neural Crossroads in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:987-998. [PMID: 29857963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche supports steady-state hematopoiesis and responds to changing needs during stress and disease. The nervous system is an important regulator of the niche, and its influence is established early in development when stem cells are specified. Most research has focused on direct innervation of the niche, however recent findings show there are different modes of neural control, including globally by the central nervous system (CNS) and hormone release, locally by neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and intrinsically by hematopoietic cells that express neural receptors and neurotransmitters. Dysregulation between neural and hematopoietic systems can contribute to disease, however new therapeutic opportunities may be found among neuroregulator drugs repurposed to support hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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161
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Mahony CB, Pasche C, Bertrand JY. Oncostatin M and Kit-Ligand Control Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate during Zebrafish Embryogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1920-1934. [PMID: 29779898 PMCID: PMC5993650 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways controlling hematopoietic stem cell specification and expansion is a necessary milestone to perform regenerative medicine. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study the role of the ckit signaling pathway in this process. We show the importance of kitb/kitlgb signaling in the specification and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in the hemogenic endothelium and caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), respectively. Moreover, we identified the zebrafish ortholog of Oncostatin M (osm) in the zebrafish genome. We show that the osm/osmr pathway acts upstream of kitb during specification of the hemogenic endothelium, while both pathways act synergistically to expand HSCs in the CHT. Moreover, we found that osm, in addition to its role in promoting HSC proliferation, inhibits HSC commitment to the lymphoid fate. Altogether, our data identified two cytokines, kitlgb and osm, secreted by the vascular niche, that control HSCs during early embryonic development. kitb/kitlgb signaling is necessary for HSCs in the zebrafish model osm is a new cytokine important for HSCs in the zebrafish model osmr and kitb signaling are required sequentially for HSC specification osmr and kitb synergize to expand HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Pasche
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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162
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Uenishi GI, Jung HS, Kumar A, Park MA, Hadland BK, McLeod E, Raymond M, Moskvin O, Zimmerman CE, Theisen DJ, Swanson S, J Tamplin O, Zon LI, Thomson JA, Bernstein ID, Slukvin II. NOTCH signaling specifies arterial-type definitive hemogenic endothelium from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1828. [PMID: 29739946 PMCID: PMC5940870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling is required for the arterial specification and formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lympho-myeloid progenitors in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and extraembryonic vasculature from a distinct lineage of vascular endothelial cells with hemogenic potential. However, the role of NOTCH signaling in hemogenic endothelium (HE) specification from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) has not been studied. Here, using a chemically defined hPSC differentiation system combined with the use of DLL1-Fc and DAPT to manipulate NOTCH, we discover that NOTCH activation in hPSC-derived immature HE progenitors leads to formation of CD144+CD43−CD73−DLL4+Runx1 + 23-GFP+ arterial-type HE, which requires NOTCH signaling to undergo endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and produce definitive lympho-myeloid and erythroid cells. These findings demonstrate that NOTCH-mediated arterialization of HE is an essential prerequisite for establishing definitive lympho-myeloid program and suggest that exploring molecular pathways that lead to arterial specification may aid in vitro approaches to enhance definitive hematopoiesis from hPSCs. It is unclear whether arterial specification is required for hematopoietic stem cell formation. Here, the authors use a chemically defined human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system to show the role of NOTCH signaling in forming arterial-type hemogenic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene I Uenishi
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Brandon K Hadland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ethan McLeod
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew Raymond
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Oleg Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Catherine E Zimmerman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Derek J Theisen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA. .,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.
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163
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Ge Y, Fuchs E. Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:311-325. [PMID: 29479084 PMCID: PMC6301069 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) govern tissue homeostasis and wound repair. They reside within niches, the special microenvironments within tissues that control SC lineage outputs. Upon injury or stress, new signals emanating from damaged tissue can divert nearby cells into adopting behaviours that are not part of their homeostatic repertoire. This behaviour, known as SC plasticity, typically resolves as wounds heal. However, in cancer, it can endure. Recent studies have yielded insights into the orchestrators of maintenance and lineage commitment for SCs belonging to three mammalian tissues: the haematopoietic system, the skin epithelium and the intestinal epithelium. We delineate the multifactorial determinants and general principles underlying the remarkable facets of SC plasticity, which lend promise for regenerative medicine and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Ge
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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164
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Liu C, Han T, Stachura DL, Wang H, Vaisman BL, Kim J, Klemke RL, Remaley AT, Rana TM, Traver D, Miller YI. Lipoprotein lipase regulates hematopoietic stem progenitor cell maintenance through DHA supply. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1310. [PMID: 29615667 PMCID: PMC5882990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediates hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) to supply free fatty acids (FFAs) to tissues. Here, we show that LPL activity is also required for hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance. Knockout of Lpl or its obligatory cofactor Apoc2 results in significantly reduced HSPC expansion during definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. A human APOC2 mimetic peptide or the human very low-density lipoprotein, which carries APOC2, rescues the phenotype in apoc2 but not in lpl mutant zebrafish. Creating parabiotic apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish rescues the hematopoietic defect in both. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is identified as an important factor in HSPC expansion. FFA-DHA, but not TG-DHA, rescues the HSPC defects in apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish. Reduced blood cell counts are also observed in Apoc2 mutant mice at the time of weaning. These results indicate that LPL-mediated release of the essential fatty acid DHA regulates HSPC expansion and definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tianxu Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Boris L Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 31 Center St, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard L Klemke
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 31 Center St, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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165
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Bubenheimer RK, Tamplin OJ. Investigating the Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Driven Perivascular Niche Remodeling. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.843.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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166
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Kotha SS, Hayes BJ, Phong KT, Redd MA, Bomsztyk K, Ramakrishnan A, Torok-Storb B, Zheng Y. Engineering a multicellular vascular niche to model hematopoietic cell trafficking. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:77. [PMID: 29566751 PMCID: PMC5865379 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marrow microenvironment and vasculature plays a critical role in regulating hematopoietic cell recruitment, residence, and maturation. Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have aimed to understand the marrow cell types that contribute to hematopoiesis and the stem cell environment. Nonetheless, in vitro models are limited by a lack of complex multicellular interactions, and cellular interactions are not easily manipulated in vivo. Here, we develop an engineered human vascular marrow niche to examine the three-dimensional cell interactions that direct hematopoietic cell trafficking. METHODS Using soft lithography and injection molding techniques, fully endothelialized vascular networks were fabricated in type I collagen matrix, and co-cultured under flow with embedded marrow fibroblast cells in the matrix. Marrow fibroblast (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), HS27a, or HS5) interactions with the endothelium were imaged via confocal microscopy and altered endothelial gene expression was analyzed with RT-PCR. Monocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and leukemic cells were perfused through the network and their adhesion and migration was evaluated. RESULTS HS27a cells and MSCs interact directly with the vessel wall more than HS5 cells, which are not seen to make contact with the endothelial cells. In both HS27a and HS5 co-cultures, endothelial expression of junctional markers was reduced. HS27a co-cultures promote perfused monocytes to adhere and migrate within the vessel network. Hematopoietic progenitors rely on monocyte-fibroblast crosstalk to facilitate preferential recruitment within HS27a co-cultured vessels. In contrast, leukemic cells sense fibroblast differences and are recruited preferentially to HS5 and HS27a co-cultures, but monocytes are able to block this sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the use of a microvascular platform that incorporates a tunable, multicellular composition to examine differences in hematopoietic cell trafficking. Differential recruitment of hematopoietic cell types to distinct fibroblast microenvironments highlights the complexity of cell-cell interactions within the marrow. This system allows for step-wise incorporation of cellular components to reveal the dynamic spatial and temporal interactions between endothelial cells, marrow-derived fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cells that comprise the marrow vascular niche. Furthermore, this platform has potential for use in testing therapeutics and personalized medicine in both normal and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya S Kotha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Brotman Building, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Brian J Hayes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kiet T Phong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Brotman Building, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aravind Ramakrishnan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Beverly Torok-Storb
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Brotman Building, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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167
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Sarkaria SM, Decker M, Ding L. Bone Marrow Micro-Environment in Normal and Deranged Hematopoiesis: Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine and Therapies. Bioessays 2018; 40:10.1002/bies.201700190. [PMID: 29384206 PMCID: PMC5872840 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various cell types cooperate to create a highly organized and dynamic micro-environmental niche in the bone marrow. Over the past several years, the field has increasingly recognized the critical roles of the interplay between bone marrow environment and hematopoietic cells in normal and deranged hematopoiesis. These advances rely on several new technologies that have allowed us to characterize the identity and roles of these niches in great detail. Here, we review the progress of the last several years, list some of the outstanding questions in the field and propose ways to target the diseased environment to better treat hematologic diseases. Understanding the extrinsic regulation by the niche will help boost hematopoiesis for regenerative medicine. Based on natural development of hematologic malignancies, we propose that combinatory targeting the niche and hematopoietic intrinsic mechanisms in early stages of hematopoietic malignancies may help eliminate minimal residual disease and have the highest efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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168
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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169
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Gao X, Xu C, Asada N, Frenette PS. The hematopoietic stem cell niche: from embryo to adult. Development 2018; 145:145/2/dev139691. [PMID: 29358215 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop in discrete anatomical niches, migrating during embryogenesis from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region to the fetal liver, and finally to the bone marrow, where most HSCs reside throughout adult life. These niches provide supportive microenvironments that specify, expand and maintain HSCs. Understanding the constituents and molecular regulation of HSC niches is of considerable importance as it could shed new light on the mechanistic principles of HSC emergence and maintenance, and provide novel strategies for regenerative medicine. However, controversy exists concerning the cellular complexity of the bone marrow niche, and our understanding of the different HSC niches during development remains limited. In this Review, we summarize and discuss what is known about the heterogeneity of the HSC niches at distinct stages of their ontogeny, from the embryo to the adult bone marrow, drawing predominantly on data from mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Asada
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA .,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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170
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Hamilton N, Sabroe I, Renshaw SA. A method for transplantation of human HSCs into zebrafish, to replace humanised murine transplantation models. F1000Res 2018; 7:594. [PMID: 29946444 PMCID: PMC6008850 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14507.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a critical therapy for haematopoietic malignancies and immune disorders. Incomplete or delayed engraftment of HSCs in the host results in increased risk of infection and morbidity. The mechanisms of HSC engraftment are poorly understood and understanding these processes will increase transplantation success on many levels. Current animal models are immunocompromised 'humanised' mice transplanted with human HSCs. Harmful procedures include genetic manipulations and irradiation to ablate the mouse immune system, and opaque mouse tissues make visualisation of the early steps of HSC engraftment impossible. There is a need for new models to offer alternatives to humanised mice in the study of HSC transplantation. Here we described a detailed method for transplantation of human HSCs into zebrafish, before the onset of adaptive immunity. Human HSCs were purified from whole blood by enrichment of the CD34 cell population using a positive magnetic selection and further purified using an anti-CD34 antibody and cell sorting. Sorted CD34 cells were transplanted into the blood stream of 52 hour old zebrafish larvae. Human HSCs home into the zebrafish haematopoietic niche, where they engage with endothelial cells and undergo cell division. Our model offers the opportunities to image in vivo human HSC engraftment in a transparent organism, without the myeloablative strategies used in mice, and provides a unique system to understand the dynamic process of engraftment and replace current murine models. This technique can be applied to current engraftment protocols to validate the viability and efficiency of cryofrozen HSC grafts. This humanised zebrafish model will be instrumental to develop the 3Rs values in stem cell transplantation research and our detailed protocol will increase the chances of uptake of this zebrafish model by the mouse community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Hamilton
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2PT, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2PT, UK
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2PT, UK
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2PT, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2PT, UK
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171
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Kurre P. Hematopoietic development: a gap in our understanding of inherited bone marrow failure. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:1-8. [PMID: 29248612 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) represent a heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders that typically present with cytopenia in early childhood. Efforts to understand the underlying hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) losses have generally focused on postnatal hematopoiesis. However, reflecting the role of many of the involved genes in core cellular functions and the diverse nonhematologic abnormalities seen in patients at birth, studies have begun to explore IBMFS manifestations during fetal development. Here, I consider the current evidence for fetal deficits in the HSC pool and highlight emerging concepts regarding the origins and unique pathophysiology of hematopoietic failure in IBMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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172
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Guo XL, Chu L, Ke F, Mu LL, Li Z, Cai JJ, Li HF, Hong DL. Recipient bone marrow assimilates the myeloid/lymphoid reconstitution of distinct fetal hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108981-108988. [PMID: 29312584 PMCID: PMC5752497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal liver (FL) is a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation. However, whether FL-HSPCs collected at distinct developmental stages reconstitute similarly or differently in the recipient bone marrow (BM) remains undetermined. We examined this problem in a congeneic mouse transplantation model. We first analyzed the lineage components of FL from 12.5 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 18.5 dpf. The myeloid and lymphoid cells were dynamic in absolute number and ratio. The largest difference was between 12.5 and 16.5 dpf. The FL-HSPCs (Lin−CD150+CD48−) at these two time points were then respectively transplanted into the recipients. The difference in lineage reconstitution was undetectable at week 4 or 6 post-transplantation and afterward, indicating that the BM environment assimilated the transplanted cells. Profiling lineage-regulation genes of input and output HSPCs showed that the expression levels were much different in the former and almost the same in the engrafted HSPCs. Therefore, the recipient BM microenvironment could determine the developmental lineage-trends of FL-HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Chu
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie-Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huai-Fang Li
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Deng-Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
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173
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Athanasiadis EI, Botthof JG, Andres H, Ferreira L, Lio P, Cvejic A. Single-cell RNA-sequencing uncovers transcriptional states and fate decisions in haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2045. [PMID: 29229905 PMCID: PMC5725498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of marker-based approaches for dissecting haematopoiesis in mouse and human is reliant on the presence of well-defined cell surface markers specific for diverse progenitor populations. An inherent problem with this approach is that the presence of specific cell surface markers does not directly reflect the transcriptional state of a cell. Here, we used a marker-free approach to computationally reconstruct the blood lineage tree in zebrafish and order cells along their differentiation trajectory, based on their global transcriptional differences. Within the population of transcriptionally similar stem and progenitor cells, our analysis reveals considerable cell-to-cell differences in their probability to transition to another committed state. Once fate decision is executed, the suppression of transcription of ribosomal genes and upregulation of lineage-specific factors coordinately controls lineage differentiation. Evolutionary analysis further demonstrates that this haematopoietic programme is highly conserved between zebrafish and higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jan G Botthof
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Helena Andres
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Lauren Ferreira
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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174
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Sacchetti B, Fatica A, Sorci M, Sorrentino A, Signore M, Cerio A, Felicetti F, Feo AD, Pelosi E, Caré A, Pescarmona E, Gordeladze JO, Valtieri M. Effect of miR-204&211 and RUNX2 control on the fate of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Regen Med Res 2017; 5:2. [PMID: 29206625 DOI: 10.1051/rmr/170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-204 and 211 enforced expression in murine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to induce adipogenesis and impair osteogenesis, through RUNX2 down-modulation. This mechanism has been suggested to play a role in osteoporosis associated with obesity. However, two further fundamental MSC functions, chondrogenesis and hematopoietic supporting activity, have not yet been explored. To this end, we transduced, by a lenti-viral vector, miR-204 and 211 in a model primary human MSC line, opportunely chosen among our MSC collection for displaying all properties of canonical bone marrow MSCs, except adipogenesis. Enforced expression of miR-204&211 in these cells, rescued adipogenesis, and inhibited osteogenesis, as previously reported in murine MSCs, but, surprisingly, also damaged cartilage formation and hematopoietic supporting activity, which were never explored before. RUNX2 has been previously indicated as the target of miR-204&211, whose down modulation is responsible for the switch from osteogenesis to adipogenesis. However, the additional disruption of chondrogenesis and hematopoietic supporting activity, which we report here, might depend on diverse miR-204&211 targets. To investigate this hypothesis, permanent RUNX2 knock-down was performed. Sh-RUNX2 fully reproduced the phenotypes induced by miR-204&211, confirming that RUNX2 down modulation is the major event leading to the reported functional modification on our MSCs. It seems thus apparent that RUNX2, a recognized master gene for osteogenesis, might rule all four MSC commitment and differentiation processes. Hence, the formerly reported role of miR204&211 and RUNX2 in osteoporosis and obesity, coupled with our novel observation showing inhibition of cartilage differentiation and hematopoietic support, strikingly resemble the clinical traits of metabolic syndrome, where osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, anaemia and obesity occur together. Our observations, corroborating and extending previous observations, suggest that miR-204&211-RUNX2 axis in human MSCs is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of this rapidly growing disease in industrialized countries, for possible therapeutic intervention to regenerate former homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Melissa Sorci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Signore
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cerio
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Caré
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jan Oxholm Gordeladze
- Institute of basic Medical Science, Department for Molecular Medicine, Section for Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mauro Valtieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy - Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine & Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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175
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Medwig TN, Matus DQ. Breaking down barriers: the evolution of cell invasion. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 47:33-40. [PMID: 28881331 PMCID: PMC5716887 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell invasion is a specialized cell behavior that likely co-evolved with the emergence of basement membranes in metazoans as a mechanism to break down the barriers that separate tissues. A variety of conserved and lineage-specific biological processes that occur during development and homeostasis rely on cell invasive behavior. Recent innovations in genome editing and live-cell imaging have shed some light on the programs that mediate acquisition of an invasive phenotype; however, comparative approaches among species are necessary to understand how this cell behavior evolved. Here, we discuss the contexts of cell invasion, highlighting both established and emerging model systems, and underscore gaps in our understanding of the evolution of this key cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Medwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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176
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Berrun AC, Stachura DL. Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in Developing Zebrafish Embryos. J Vis Exp 2017:56836. [PMID: 29286381 PMCID: PMC5755513 DOI: 10.3791/56836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential cellular process in which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate into the multitude of different cell lineages that comprise mature blood. Isolation and identification of these HSPCs is difficult because they are defined ex post facto; they can only be defined after their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Over the past few decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a model organism to study hematopoiesis. Zebrafish embryos develop ex utero, and by 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) have generated definitive HSPCs. Assays to assess HSPC differentiation and proliferation capabilities have been developed, utilizing transplantation and subsequent reconstitution of the hematopoietic system in addition to visualizing specialized transgenic lines with confocal microscopy. However, these assays are cost prohibitive, technically difficult, and time consuming for many laboratories. Development of an in vitro model to assess HSPCs would be cost effective, quicker, and present fewer difficulties compared to previously described methods, allowing laboratories to quickly assess mutagenesis and drug screens that affect HSPC biology. This novel in vitro assay to assess HSPCs is performed by plating dissociated whole zebrafish embryos and adding exogenous factors that promote only HSPC differentiation and proliferation. Embryos are dissociated into single cells and plated with HSPC-supportive colony stimulating factors that cause them to generate colony forming units (CFUs) that arise from a single progenitor cell. These assays should allow more careful examination of the molecular pathways responsible for HSPC proliferation, differentiation, and regulation, which will allow researchers to understand the underpinnings of vertebrate hematopoiesis and its dysregulation during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Berrun
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico
| | - D L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico;
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177
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Wnt9a Is Required for the Aortic Amplification of Nascent Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1595-1606. [PMID: 27806298 PMCID: PMC6309681 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All mature blood cell types in the adult animal arise from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the developmental cues regulating HSPC ontogeny are incompletely understood. In particular, the details surrounding a requirement for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the development of mature HSPCs are controversial and difficult to consolidate. Using zebrafish, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling is required to direct an amplification of HSPCs in the aorta. Wnt9a is specifically required for this process and cannot be replaced by Wnt9b or Wnt3a. This proliferative event occurs independently of initial HSPC fate specification, and the Wnt9a input is required prior to aorta formation. HSPC arterial amplification occurs prior to seeding of secondary hematopoietic tissues and proceeds, in part, through the cell cycle regulator myca (c-myc). Our results support a general paradigm, in which early signaling events, including Wnt, direct later HSPC developmental processes. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all of the blood cells of the adult organism; however, how these cells are derived in vivo is still incompletely understood. Using zebrafish, Grainger et al. find that Wnt9a mediates amplification of HSPCs prior to their migration to secondary hematopoietic sites.
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178
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Intravital longitudinal wide-area imaging of dynamic bone marrow engraftment and multilineage differentiation through nuclear-cytoplasmic labeling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187660. [PMID: 29099870 PMCID: PMC5669471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is a vital tissue that produces the majority of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and immune cells. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been widely performed in patients with blood disorders and cancers. However, the cellular-level behaviors of the transplanted bone marrow cells over wide-areas of the host bone marrow after the BMT are not fully understood yet. In this work, we performed a longitudinal wide-area cellular-level observation of the calvarial bone marrow after the BMT in vivo. Using a H2B-GFP/β-actin-DsRed double-transgenic mouse model as a donor, a subcellular-level nuclear-cytoplasmic visualization of the transplanted bone marrow cells was achieved, which enabled a direct in vivo dynamic monitoring of the distribution and proliferation of the transplanted bone marrow cells. The same spots in the wide-area of the calvarial bone marrow were repeatedly identified using fluorescently labeled vasculature as a distinct landmark. It revealed various dynamic cellular-level behaviors of the transplanted BM cells in early stage such as cluster formation, migration, and active proliferation in vivo.
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179
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Perlin JR, Robertson AL, Zon LI. Efforts to enhance blood stem cell engraftment: Recent insights from zebrafish hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2817-2827. [PMID: 28830909 PMCID: PMC5626407 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapy for patients with a variety of hematological malignancies. HSCT would be greatly improved if patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. There is an incomplete understanding of the genes and signals involved in HSC induction, migration, maintenance, and niche engraftment. Recent studies in zebrafish have revealed novel genes that are required for HSC induction and niche regulation of HSC homeostasis. Manipulation of these signaling pathways and cell types may improve HSC bioengineering, which could significantly advance critical, lifesaving HSCT therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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180
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Seleit A, Krämer I, Riebesehl BF, Ambrosio EM, Stolper JS, Lischik CQ, Dross N, Centanin L. Neural stem cells induce the formation of their physical niche during organogenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28950935 PMCID: PMC5617629 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organs rely on stem cells to maintain homeostasis during post-embryonic life. Typically, stem cells of independent lineages work coordinately within mature organs to ensure proper ratios of cell types. Little is known, however, on how these different stem cells locate to forming organs during development. Here we show that neuromasts of the posterior lateral line in medaka are composed of two independent life-long lineages with different embryonic origins. Clonal analysis and 4D imaging revealed a hierarchical organisation with instructing and responding roles: an inner, neural lineage induces the formation of an outer, border cell lineage (nBC) from the skin epithelium. Our results demonstrate that the neural lineage is necessary and sufficient to generate nBCs highlighting self-organisation principles at the level of the entire embryo. We hypothesise that induction of surrounding tissues plays a major role during the establishment of vertebrate stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Krämer
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bea F Riebesehl
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Ambrosio
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian S Stolper
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin Q Lischik
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dross
- Nikon Imaging Center at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lazaro Centanin
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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181
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MacLean AL, Smith MA, Liepe J, Sim A, Khorshed R, Rashidi NM, Scherf N, Krinner A, Roeder I, Lo Celso C, Stumpf MPH. Single Cell Phenotyping Reveals Heterogeneity Among Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Infection. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2292-2304. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Maia A. Smith
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Sim
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Reema Khorshed
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Narges M. Rashidi
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Nico Scherf
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universitat Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Axel Krinner
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universitat Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universitat Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. H. Stumpf
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
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182
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Tian Y, Xu J, Feng S, He S, Zhao S, Zhu L, Jin W, Dai Y, Luo L, Qu JY, Wen Z. The first wave of T lymphopoiesis in zebrafish arises from aorta endothelium independent of hematopoietic stem cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3347-3360. [PMID: 28931624 PMCID: PMC5679161 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tian et al. demonstrate that, in addition to giving rise to hematopoietic stem cells, the ventral endothelium of aorta in zebrafish also directly converts to non–hematopoietic stem cell hematopoietic precursors capable of generating a transient wave of CD4 Tαβ lymphocytes. T lymphocytes are key cellular components of the adaptive immune system and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates. Despite their heterogeneities, it is believed that all different types of T lymphocytes are generated exclusively via the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using temporal–spatial resolved fate-mapping analysis and time-lapse imaging, here we show that the ventral endothelium in the zebrafish aorta–gonad–mesonephros and posterior blood island, the hematopoietic tissues previously known to generate HSCs and erythromyeloid progenitors, respectively, gives rise to a transient wave of T lymphopoiesis independent of HSCs. This HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis occurs early and generates predominantly CD4 Tαβ cells in the larval but not juvenile and adult stages, whereas HSC-dependent T lymphopoiesis emerges late and produces various subtypes of T lymphocytes continuously from the larval stage to adulthood. Our study unveils the existence, origin, and ontogeny of HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis in vivo and reveals the complexity of the endothelial-hematopoietic transition of the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shachuan Feng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sicong He
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shizheng Zhao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wan Jin
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Dai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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183
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Abstract
Not all hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are alike. They differ in their physical characteristics such as cell cycle status and cell surface marker phenotype, they respond to different extrinsic signals, and they have different lineage outputs following transplantation. The growing body of evidence that supports heterogeneity within HSCs, which constitute the most robust cell fraction at the foundation of the adult hematopoietic system, is currently of great interest and raises questions as to why HSC subtypes exist, how they are generated and whether HSC heterogeneity affects leukemogenesis or treatment options. This Review provides a developmental overview of HSC subtypes during embryonic, fetal and adult stages of hematopoiesis and discusses the possible origins and consequences of HSC heterogeneity. Summary: This Review takes a close look at hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity during development and in the adult, and discusses several different ways in which this heterogeneity may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Crisan
- University of Edinburgh, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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184
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Tang Q, Iyer S, Lobbardi R, Moore JC, Chen H, Lareau C, Hebert C, Shaw ML, Neftel C, Suva ML, Ceol CJ, Bernards A, Aryee M, Pinello L, Drummond IA, Langenau DM. Dissecting hematopoietic and renal cell heterogeneity in adult zebrafish at single-cell resolution using RNA sequencing. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2875-2887. [PMID: 28878000 PMCID: PMC5626406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The work by Tang et al. provides a comprehensive, single-cell, transcriptomic analysis of kidney and blood cells from the adult zebrafish, identifying novel cell types, including two classes of NK immune cells, classically defined and erythroid-primed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, mucin-secreting kidney cells, and kidney stem/progenitor cells. Recent advances in single-cell, transcriptomic profiling have provided unprecedented access to investigate cell heterogeneity during tissue and organ development. In this study, we used massively parallel, single-cell RNA sequencing to define cell heterogeneity within the zebrafish kidney marrow, constructing a comprehensive molecular atlas of definitive hematopoiesis and functionally distinct renal cells found in adult zebrafish. Because our method analyzed blood and kidney cells in an unbiased manner, our approach was useful in characterizing immune-cell deficiencies within DNA–protein kinase catalytic subunit (prkdc), interleukin-2 receptor γ a (il2rga), and double-homozygous–mutant fish, identifying blood cell losses in T, B, and natural killer cells within specific genetic mutants. Our analysis also uncovered novel cell types, including two classes of natural killer immune cells, classically defined and erythroid-primed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, mucin-secreting kidney cells, and kidney stem/progenitor cells. In total, our work provides the first, comprehensive, single-cell, transcriptomic analysis of kidney and marrow cells in the adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - John C Moore
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caleb Lareau
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Christine Hebert
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - McKenzie L Shaw
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cyril Neftel
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mario L Suva
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Craig J Ceol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Andre Bernards
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Martin Aryee
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA .,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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185
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Winkler F. Hostile takeover: how tumours hijack pre-existing vascular environments to thrive. J Pathol 2017; 242:267-272. [PMID: 28390068 DOI: 10.1002/path.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that solid tumours do not require the generation of new blood vessels, i.e. angiogenesis, to successfully grow, and to colonize normal tissue. Instead, many tumour cells make the best use of what they find: pre-existing blood vessels of the host. In these cases, the host vasculature is incorporated by the growing tumour, resulting in a new organ consisting of malignant and non-malignant cell types. In consequence, pre-existing vessels are exploited by the tumour for optimal access to oxygen and nutrients. In this perspective article, the argument is made that tumour cells might gain even more: that is, access to the very special microenvironment of the perivascular niche. Here, specific cues for invasion, metastasis, survival, stem-like features, dormancy and, potentially, also immune escape exist - for non-malignant and malignant cells alike. The consequence of the hijacking of normal blood vessels and their perivascular niches by tumours is that antiangiogenic agents have little chance to work, and that tumour cells are better protected from the adverse effects of cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Thus, disturbing vascular hijacking could make tumours less resistant to established therapies. Concepts of how to do this are just starting to be explored. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Unversity of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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186
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Xue Y, Lv J, Zhang C, Wang L, Ma D, Liu F. The Vascular Niche Regulates Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Lodgment and Expansion via klf6a-ccl25b. Dev Cell 2017; 42:349-362.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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187
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Klaus A, Robin C. Embryonic hematopoiesis under microscopic observation. Dev Biol 2017; 428:318-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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188
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Ando W, Yokomori H, Otori K, Oda M. The Apelin Receptor APJ in Hematopoietic Stem Cells/Progenitor Cells in the Early Stage of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:809-811. [PMID: 28811860 PMCID: PMC5544488 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3103w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with or without fibrosis. The apelin receptor (APJ) is related to angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (AGTRL1). The present study aimed to evaluate APJ as an indicator of the pathophysiology of early-stage NASH. Methods APJ expression was evaluated in six tissue samples with histologically proven early-stage NASH using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Results On IHC, in control liver tissue, APJ was mainly localized in the aortic artery, although APJ was detected only slightly in the sinusoids. In early NASH liver tissue, on IEM, APJ was observed mainly at the sites of sinusoidal lining cells around the central vein and periportal regions, and at arterial capillaries in the portal tract. With regard to endothelial cells (ECs), one sample showed a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/progenitor cell (HPC) partially wrapped with an EC. Conclusion HSCs/HPCs expressing APJ may contribute to the angiogenesis of liver tissue in early-stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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189
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Rowe RG, Mandelbaum J, Zon LI, Daley GQ. Engineering Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Lessons from Development. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 18:707-720. [PMID: 27257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell engineering has brought us tantalizingly close to the goal of deriving patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While directed differentiation and transcription factor-mediated conversion strategies have generated progenitor cells with multilineage potential, to date, therapy-grade engineered HSCs remain elusive due to insufficient long-term self-renewal and inadequate differentiated progeny functionality. A cross-species approach involving zebrafish and mammalian systems offers complementary methodologies to improve understanding of native HSCs. Here, we discuss the role of conserved developmental timing processes in vertebrate hematopoiesis, highlighting how identification and manipulation of stage-specific factors that specify HSC developmental state must be harnessed to engineer HSCs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Mandelbaum
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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190
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Blood on the tracks: hematopoietic stem cell-endothelial cell interactions in homing and engraftment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:809-819. [PMID: 28702683 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the hematopoietic system undergo rapid turnover. Each day, humans require the production of about one hundred billion new blood cells for proper function. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells that reside in specialized niches and are required throughout life to produce specific progenitor cells that will replenish all blood lineages. There is, however, an incomplete understanding of the molecular and physical properties that regulate HSC migration, homing, engraftment, and maintenance in the niche. Endothelial cells (ECs) are intimately associated with HSCs throughout the life of the stem cell, from the specialized endothelial cells that give rise to HSCs, to the perivascular niche endothelial cells that regulate HSC homeostasis. Recent studies have dissected the unique molecular and physical properties of the endothelial cells in the HSC vascular niche and their role in HSC biology, which may be manipulated to enhance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapies.
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191
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Habbsa S, McKinstry M, Bowman TV. “Sea”-ing Is Believing: In Vivo Imaging of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Cancer Using Zebrafish. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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192
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Shared hemocyte- and intestine-dominant expression profiles of intelectin genes in ascidian Ciona intestinalis: insight into the evolution of the innate immune system in chordates. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:129-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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193
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Abstract
Many stem cell niches contain support cells that increase contact with stem cells by enwrapping them in cellular processes. One example is the germ stem cell niche in C. elegans, which is composed of a single niche cell termed the distal tip cell (DTC) that extends cellular processes, constructing an elaborate plexus that enwraps germ stem cells. To identify genes required for plexus formation and to explore the function of this specialized enwrapping behavior, a series of targeted and tissue-specific RNAi screens were performed. Here we identify genes that promote stem cell enwrapment by the DTC plexus, including a set that specifically functions within the DTC, such as the chromatin modifier lin-40/MTA1, and others that act within the germline, such as the 14-3-3 signaling protein par-5. Analysis of genes that function within the germline to mediate plexus development reveal that they are required for expansion of the germ progenitor zone, supporting the emerging idea that germ stem cells signal to the niche to stimulate enwrapping behavior. Examination of wild-type animals with asymmetric plexus formation and animals with reduced DTC plexus elaboration via loss of two candidates including lin-40 indicate that cellular enwrapment promotes GLP-1/Notch signaling and germ stem cell fate. Together, our work identifies novel regulators of cellular enwrapment and suggests that reciprocal signaling between the DTC niche and the germ stem cells promotes enwrapment behavior and stem cell fate.
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194
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Zhao F, Shi Y, Huang Y, Zhan Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Wan Y, Li H, Huang H, Ruan H, Luo L, Li L. Irf8 regulates the progression of myeloproliferative neoplasm-like syndrome via Mertk signaling in zebrafish. Leukemia 2017. [PMID: 28626217 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-8 is a critical transcription factor involved in the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasia. However, the underlying mechanisms in vivo are not well known. Investigation of irf8-mutant zebrafish in this study indicated that Irf8 is evolutionarily conserved as an essential neoplastic suppressor through tight control of the proliferation and longevity of myeloid cells. Surviving irf8 mutants quickly developed a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-like disease with enhanced output of the myeloid precursors, which recurred after transplantation. Multiple molecules presented notable alteration and Mertk signaling was aberrantly activated in the hematopoietic cells in irf8 mutants. Transgenic mertk overexpression in Tg(coro1a:mertk) zebrafish recapitulated the myeloid neoplasia-like syndrome in irf8 mutants. Moreover, functional interference with Mertk, via morpholino knockdown or genetic disruption, attenuated the myeloid expansion phenotype caused by Irf8 deficiency. Therefore, Mertk signaling is a critical downstream player in the Irf8-mediated regulation of the progression of myeloid neoplasia. Our study extends the understanding of the mechanisms underlying leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Li
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Key Laboratory of Cytomics, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Key Laboratory of Cytomics, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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195
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Morikawa T, Takubo K. Use of Imaging Techniques to Illuminate Dynamics of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:62. [PMID: 28660186 PMCID: PMC5468376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous generation of blood cells over an organism's lifetime is supported by hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) capable of producing all hematopoietic cell subtypes. Adult mammalian HSPCs are localized to bone marrow and regulated by their neighboring microenvironment, or "niche." Because interactions of HSPCs with their niches are highly dynamic and complex, the recent development of imaging technologies provides a powerful new tool to understand stem cell/niche biology. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of dynamic HSPC/niche interactions during development, homeostasis, disease states or aging with a focus on studies advanced by imaging analysis. We also summarize methods to visualize HSPCs and niche cells in vivo, including use of HSPC reporter mice and chemical probes. Findings emerging from these investigations could suggest novel therapies for diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo, Japan
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196
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Abstract
Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments that promote the maintenance of stem cells and regulate their function. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the niches that maintain adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These advances include new markers for HSCs and niche cells, systematic analyses of the expression patterns of niche factors, genetic tools for functionally identifying niche cells in vivo, and improved imaging techniques. Together, they have shown that HSC niches are perivascular in the bone marrow and spleen. Endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells secrete factors that promote HSC maintenance in these niches, but other cell types also directly or indirectly regulate HSC niches.
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197
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Choudhuri A, Fast EM, Zon LI. Using Zebrafish to Study Pathways that Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Migration. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1465-1471. [PMID: 28591648 PMCID: PMC5470329 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective describes the usefulness of zebrafish as a model to study interaction of hematopoietic stem cells with the associated niche in vivo, explains how such interactions influence regeneration, migration, and clonality of HSCs, and defines their fate during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva M Fast
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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198
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Venero Galanternik M, Castranova D, Gore AV, Blewett NH, Jung HM, Stratman AN, Kirby MR, Iben J, Miller MF, Kawakami K, Maraia RJ, Weinstein BM. A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28395729 PMCID: PMC5423774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or 'Mato Cells' in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a perivascular cell population in the brain derived from vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nathan H Blewett
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Martha R Kirby
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - James Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mayumi F Miller
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Richard J Maraia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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199
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Yap/Taz transcriptional activity is essential for vascular regression via Ctgf expression and actin polymerization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174633. [PMID: 28369143 PMCID: PMC5378338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular regression is essential to remove redundant vessels during the formation of an efficient vascular network that can transport oxygen and nutrient to every corner of the body. However, no mechanism is known to explain how major blood vessels regress during development. Here we use the dorsal part of the caudal vein plexus (dCVP) in Zebrafish to investigate the mechanism of regression and discover a new role of Yap/Taz in vascular regression. During regression, Yap/Taz is activated by blood circulation in the endothelial cells. This leads to induction of Ctgf and actin polymerization. Interference with Yap/Taz activation decreased Ctgf production, which decreased actin polymerization and vascular regression. These results implicate a novel role of Yap/Taz in vascular regression.
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200
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Jiang XY, Sarsons CD, Gomez-Garcia MJ, Cramb DT, Rinker KD, Childs SJ. Quantum dot interactions and flow effects in angiogenic zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) vessels and human endothelial cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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