151
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Banavar SP, Trogdon M, Drawert B, Yi TM, Petzold LR, Campàs O. Coordinating cell polarization and morphogenesis through mechanical feedback. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1007971. [PMID: 33507956 PMCID: PMC7872284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes require cell polarization to be maintained as the cell changes shape, grows or moves. Without feedback mechanisms relaying information about cell shape to the polarity molecular machinery, the coordination between cell polarization and morphogenesis, movement or growth would not be possible. Here we theoretically and computationally study the role of a genetically-encoded mechanical feedback (in the Cell Wall Integrity pathway) as a potential coordination mechanism between cell morphogenesis and polarity during budding yeast mating projection growth. We developed a coarse-grained continuum description of the coupled dynamics of cell polarization and morphogenesis as well as 3D stochastic simulations of the molecular polarization machinery in the evolving cell shape. Both theoretical approaches show that in the absence of mechanical feedback (or in the presence of weak feedback), cell polarity cannot be maintained at the projection tip during growth, with the polarization cap wandering off the projection tip, arresting morphogenesis. In contrast, for mechanical feedback strengths above a threshold, cells can robustly maintain cell polarization at the tip and simultaneously sustain mating projection growth. These results indicate that the mechanical feedback encoded in the Cell Wall Integrity pathway can provide important positional information to the molecular machinery in the cell, thereby enabling the coordination of cell polarization and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita P. Banavar
- Department of Physics, University of California, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Trogdon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Drawert
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tau-Mu Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Linda R. Petzold
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Otger Campàs
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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152
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DiNapoli KT, Robinson DN, Iglesias PA. Tools for computational analysis of moving boundary problems in cellular mechanobiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 13:e1514. [PMID: 33305503 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A cell's ability to change shape is one of the most fundamental biological processes and is essential for maintaining healthy organisms. When the ability to control shape goes awry, it often results in a diseased system. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms that allow a cell to sense and respond to its environment so as to maintain cellular shape homeostasis. Because of the inherent complexity of the system, computational models that are based on sound theoretical understanding of the biochemistry and biomechanics and that use experimentally measured parameters are an essential tool. These models involve an inherent feedback, whereby shape is determined by the action of regulatory signals whose spatial distribution depends on the shape. To carry out computational simulations of these moving boundary problems requires special computational techniques. A variety of alternative approaches, depending on the type and scale of question being asked, have been used to simulate various biological processes, including cell motility, division, mechanosensation, and cell engulfment. In general, these models consider the forces that act on the system (both internally generated, or externally imposed) and the mechanical properties of the cell that resist these forces. Moving forward, making these techniques more accessible to the non-expert will help improve interdisciplinary research thereby providing new insight into important biological processes that affect human health. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Cancer>Computational Models Cancer > Cancer>Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T DiNapoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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153
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Lammerding J, Hsia CR. Feeling Stressed? Piezo1-Mediated Loss of Heterochromatin Buys Time for Long-Term Adaptation. Cell 2020; 181:760-762. [PMID: 32413297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin and other epithelial cell layers are frequently subjected to extensive deformations, yet sustain such mechanical stress without damage. In this issue of Cell, Nava and colleagues show that stretch induces rapid loss of heterochromatin that leads to transient softening of the nucleus, which, together with long-term cytoskeletal and supracellular rearrangements, protects nuclei from DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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154
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Kasendra M, Wells JM. A Window into Your Gut: Biologically Inspired Engineering of Mini-gut Tubes In Vitro. Dev Cell 2020; 55:522-524. [PMID: 33290692 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently in Nature, using biologically inspired design principles to recapitulate native crypt-villi topography and luminal flow, Nikolaev et al. engineered an intestinal organotypic culture system that is capable of long-term epithelial homeostasis. Mini-gut tubes were used in month-long studies of parasite-host interactions and completely regenerated following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kasendra
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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155
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Gross-Thebing S, Truszkowski L, Tenbrinck D, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Camelo C, Westerich KJ, Singh A, Maier P, Prengel J, Lange P, Hüwel J, Gaede F, Sasse R, Vos BE, Betz T, Matis M, Prevedel R, Luschnig S, Diz-Muñoz A, Burger M, Raz E. Using migrating cells as probes to illuminate features in live embryonic tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc5546. [PMID: 33277250 PMCID: PMC7821905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical and biochemical properties of live tissues are important in the context of development and disease. Methods for evaluating these properties typically involve destroying the tissue or require specialized technology and complicated analyses. Here, we present a novel, noninvasive methodology for determining the spatial distribution of tissue features within embryos, making use of nondirectionally migrating cells and software we termed "Landscape," which performs automatized high-throughput three-dimensional image registration. Using the live migrating cells as bioprobes, we identified structures within the zebrafish embryo that affect the distribution of the cells and studied one such structure constituting a physical barrier, which, in turn, influences amoeboid cell polarity. Overall, this work provides a unique approach for detecting tissue properties without interfering with animal's development. In addition, Landscape allows for integrating data from multiple samples, providing detailed and reliable quantitative evaluation of variable biological phenotypes in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargon Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Lukasz Truszkowski
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel Tenbrinck
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina Camelo
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kim J Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Amrita Singh
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Paul Maier
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jonas Prengel
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Pia Lange
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Hüwel
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Fjedor Gaede
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ramona Sasse
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bart E Vos
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mechanics of Cellular Systems Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mechanics of Cellular Systems Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Burger
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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156
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Sapoznik E, Chang BJ, Huh J, Ju RJ, Azarova EV, Pohlkamp T, Welf ES, Broadbent D, Carisey AF, Stehbens SJ, Lee KM, Marín A, Hanker AB, Schmidt JC, Arteaga CL, Yang B, Kobayashi Y, Tata PR, Kruithoff R, Doubrovinski K, Shepherd DP, Millett-Sikking A, York AG, Dean KM, Fiolka RP. A versatile oblique plane microscope for large-scale and high-resolution imaging of subcellular dynamics. eLife 2020; 9:e57681. [PMID: 33179596 PMCID: PMC7707824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an oblique plane microscope (OPM) that uses a bespoke glass-tipped tertiary objective to improve the resolution, field of view, and usability over previous variants. Owing to its high numerical aperture optics, this microscope achieves lateral and axial resolutions that are comparable to the square illumination mode of lattice light-sheet microscopy, but in a user friendly and versatile format. Given this performance, we demonstrate high-resolution imaging of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, vimentin, the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane dynamics, and Natural Killer-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we image biological phenomena that would be otherwise challenging or impossible to perform in a traditional light-sheet microscope geometry, including cell migration through confined spaces within a microfluidic device, subcellular photoactivation of Rac1, diffusion of cytoplasmic rheological tracers at a volumetric rate of 14 Hz, and large field of view imaging of neurons, developing embryos, and centimeter-scale tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etai Sapoznik
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jaewon Huh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Robert J Ju
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Evgenia V Azarova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Erik S Welf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - David Broadbent
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Alexandre F Carisey
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Arnaldo Marín
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jens C Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bin Yang
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Rory Kruithoff
- Center for Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Konstantin Doubrovinski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Comprehensive Center for Molecular, Computational and Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Douglas P Shepherd
- Center for Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | | | - Andrew G York
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Reto P Fiolka
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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157
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Sellitto M. Fluctuation-induced forces in driven systems with a diffusivity anomaly. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:050101. [PMID: 33327205 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that Casimir-like forces in boundary-driven systems with a bulk diffusivity anomaly are enhanced by cooperative dynamical effects and can be made locally attractive or repulsive depending on the boundary densities. Theoretical predictions based on mean-field arguments and the explicit evaluation of the Casimir force in the fluctuating hydrodynamics framework are supported by Monte Carlo simulation of a two-dimensional (2D) exclusion process with selective kinetic constraints. Consistent with the entropic interpretation of the Casimir effect, we find that local repulsive forces do appear whenever finite-size transverse density fluctuations exceed their infinite-size value. Our results suggest that the bulk diffusivity anomaly is a crucial ingredient in the small-scale design of driven soft-matter systems with tunable fluctuation-induced forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sellitto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy and Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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158
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Naganathan S, Oates A. Patterning and mechanics of somite boundaries in zebrafish embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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159
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López-Gay JM, Nunley H, Spencer M, di Pietro F, Guirao B, Bosveld F, Markova O, Gaugue I, Pelletier S, Lubensky DK, Bellaïche Y. Apical stress fibers enable a scaling between cell mechanical response and area in epithelial tissue. Science 2020; 370:370/6514/eabb2169. [PMID: 33060329 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems tailor their properties and behavior to their size throughout development and in numerous aspects of physiology. However, such size scaling remains poorly understood as it applies to cell mechanics and mechanosensing. By examining how the Drosophila pupal dorsal thorax epithelium responds to morphogenetic forces, we found that the number of apical stress fibers (aSFs) anchored to adherens junctions scales with cell apical area to limit larger cell elongation under mechanical stress. aSFs cluster Hippo pathway components, thereby scaling Hippo signaling and proliferation with area. This scaling is promoted by tricellular junctions mediating an increase in aSF nucleation rate and lifetime in larger cells. Development, homeostasis, and repair entail epithelial cell size changes driven by mechanical forces; our work highlights how, in turn, mechanosensitivity scales with cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López-Gay
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hayden Nunley
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meryl Spencer
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Florencia di Pietro
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Boris Guirao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Floris Bosveld
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olga Markova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Gaugue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelletier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David K Lubensky
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005 Paris, France
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160
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Tang KM, Chen W, Tang ZH, Yu XY, Zhu WQ, Zhang SM, Qiu J. Role of the Hippo-YAP/NF-κB signaling pathway crosstalk in regulating biological behaviors of macrophages under titanium ion exposure. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:561-571. [PMID: 33058278 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of metal ions, such as titanium (Ti) ions, is toxic to adjacent tissues of implants. Indeed, Ti ions may induce an inflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway, thus causing damage to soft and hard tissues. The involvement of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key factor of the Hippo pathway, in an immuno-inflammatory response has been confirmed, whereas its role in Ti ion-mediated inflammation has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of signal crosstalk between the Hippo/YAP and NF-κB signaling pathways in the pro-inflammatory effect of Ti ions on macrophages. In our work, RAW264.7 cells were cocultured with Ti ions. The migration capacity of macrophages under Ti ion exposure was measured by transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of related proteins. Polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The nucleus translocation of YAP and P65 was visualized and analyzed via immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the migration of macrophages was promoted under Ti ion exposure. Ten parts per million Ti ions induced nuclear expression of YAP and activated the NF-κB pathway, which finally upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Moreover, the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway rescued the reduction of YAP expression under Ti ion exposure. Most importantly, the overexpression of YAP exacerbated the inflammatory response mediated by Ti ions through the NF-κB pathway. In summary, this study explored the mechanism of Hippo-YAP/NF-κB pathway crosstalk involved in the regulation of macrophage behaviors under Ti ion exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Tang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Hua Tang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Mei Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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161
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Venturini V, Pezzano F, Català Castro F, Häkkinen HM, Jiménez-Delgado S, Colomer-Rosell M, Marro M, Tolosa-Ramon Q, Paz-López S, Valverde MA, Weghuber J, Loza-Alvarez P, Krieg M, Wieser S, Ruprecht V. The nucleus measures shape changes for cellular proprioception to control
dynamic cell behavior. Science 2020; 370:370/6514/eaba2644. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physical microenvironment regulates cell behavior during tissue
development and homeostasis. How single cells decode information about their
geometrical shape under mechanical stress and physical space constraints
within tissues remains largely unknown. Here, using a zebrafish model, we
show that the nucleus, the biggest cellular organelle, functions as an
elastic deformation gauge that enables cells to measure cell shape
deformations. Inner nuclear membrane unfolding upon nucleus stretching
provides physical information on cellular shape changes and adaptively
activates a calcium-dependent mechanotransduction pathway, controlling
actomyosin contractility and migration plasticity. Our data support that the
nucleus establishes a functional module for cellular proprioception that
enables cells to sense shape variations for adapting cellular behavior to
their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Venturini
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Pezzano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Català Castro
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Hanna-Maria Häkkinen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Colomer-Rosell
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Monica Marro
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Queralt Tolosa-Ramon
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Paz-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Michael Krieg
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Verena Ruprecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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162
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Martin AC. Self-organized cytoskeletal alignment during Drosophila mesoderm invagination. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190551. [PMID: 32829683 PMCID: PMC7482211 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, mechanical forces are propagated across tissues, resulting in tissue shape changes. These forces in turn can influence cell behaviour, leading to a feedback process that can be described as self-organizing. Here, I discuss cytoskeletal self-organization and point to evidence that suggests its role in directing force during morphogenesis. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, the shape of the region of cells that initiates constriction creates a mechanical pattern that in turn aligns the cytoskeleton with the axis of greatest resistance to contraction. The wild-type direction of the force controls the shape and orientation of the invaginating mesoderm. Given the ability of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to self-organize, these types of feedback mechanisms are likely to play important roles in a range of different morphogenetic events. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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163
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Gubieda AG, Packer JR, Squires I, Martin J, Rodriguez J. Going with the flow: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans zygote polarization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190555. [PMID: 32829680 PMCID: PMC7482210 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular components along a defined axis. Polarity relies on complex signalling networks between conserved patterning proteins, including the PAR (partitioning defective) proteins, which become segregated in response to upstream symmetry breaking cues. Although the mechanisms that drive the asymmetric localization of these proteins are dependent upon cell type and context, in many cases the regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton dynamics is central to the transport, recruitment and/or stabilization of these polarity effectors into defined subcellular domains. The transport or advection of PAR proteins by an actomyosin flow was first observed in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote more than a decade ago. Since then a multifaceted approach, using molecular methods, high-throughput screens, and biophysical and computational models, has revealed further aspects of this flow and how polarity regulators respond to and modulate it. Here, we review recent findings on the interplay between actomyosin flow and the PAR patterning networks in the polarization of the C. elegans zygote. We also discuss how these discoveries and developed methods are shaping our understanding of other flow-dependent polarizing systems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Josana Rodriguez
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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164
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Misteli T. The Self-Organizing Genome: Principles of Genome Architecture and Function. Cell 2020; 183:28-45. [PMID: 32976797 PMCID: PMC7541718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genomes have complex three-dimensional architectures. The recent convergence of genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological methods has uncovered several fundamental principles of genome organization. They highlight that genome function is a major driver of genome architecture and that structural features of chromatin act as modulators, rather than binary determinants, of genome activity. The interplay of these principles in the context of self-organization can account for the emergence of structural chromatin features, the diversity and single-cell heterogeneity of nuclear architecture in cell types and tissues, and explains evolutionarily conserved functional features of genomes, including plasticity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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165
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Strippoli R, Sandoval P, Moreno-Vicente R, Rossi L, Battistelli C, Terri M, Pascual-Antón L, Loureiro M, Matteini F, Calvo E, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Gómez MJ, Jiménez-Jiménez V, Sánchez-Cabo F, Vázquez J, Tripodi M, López-Cabrera M, Del Pozo MÁ. Caveolin1 and YAP drive mechanically induced mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32811813 PMCID: PMC7435273 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite their emerging relevance to fully understand disease pathogenesis, we have as yet a poor understanding as to how biomechanical signals are integrated with specific biochemical pathways to determine cell behaviour. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) markers colocalized with TGF-β1-dependent signaling and yes-associated protein (YAP) activation across biopsies from different pathologies exhibiting peritoneal fibrosis, supporting mechanotransduction as a central driving component of these class of fibrotic lesions and its crosstalk with specific signaling pathways. Transcriptome and proteome profiling of the response of mesothelial cells (MCs) to linear cyclic stretch revealed molecular changes compatible with bona fide MMT, which (i) overlapped with established YAP target gene subsets, and were largely dependent on endogenous TGF-β1 signaling. Importantly, TGF-β1 blockade blunts the transcriptional upregulation of these gene signatures, but not the mechanical activation and nuclear translocation of YAP per se. We studied the role therein of caveolin-1 (CAV1), a plasma membrane mechanotransducer. Exposure of CAV1-deficient MCs to cyclic stretch led to a robust upregulation of MMT-related gene programs, which was blunted upon TGF-β1 inhibition. Conversely, CAV1 depletion enhanced both TGF-β1 and TGFBRI expression, whereas its re-expression blunted mechanical stretching-induced MMT. CAV1 genetic deficiency exacerbated MMT and adhesion formation in an experimental murine model of peritoneal ischaemic buttons. Taken together, these results support that CAV1-YAP/TAZ fine-tune the fibrotic response through the modulation of MMT, onto which TGF-β1-dependent signaling coordinately converges. Our findings reveal a cooperation between biomechanical and biochemical signals in the triggering of MMT, representing a novel potential opportunity to intervene mechanically induced disorders coursing with peritoneal fibrosis, such as post-surgical adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy. .,Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Moreno-Vicente
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Loureiro
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Jiménez-Heffernan
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Jiménez-Jiménez
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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166
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Singh SP, Thomason PA, Lilla S, Schaks M, Tang Q, Goode BL, Machesky LM, Rottner K, Insall RH. Cell-substrate adhesion drives Scar/WAVE activation and phosphorylation by a Ste20-family kinase, which controls pseudopod lifetime. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000774. [PMID: 32745097 PMCID: PMC7425996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Scar/WAVE complex is the principal catalyst of pseudopod and lamellipod formation. Here we show that Scar/WAVE's proline-rich domain is polyphosphorylated after the complex is activated. Blocking Scar/WAVE activation stops phosphorylation in both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, implying that phosphorylation modulates pseudopods after they have been formed, rather than controlling whether they are initiated. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation is not promoted by chemotactic signaling but is greatly stimulated by cell:substrate adhesion and diminished when cells deadhere. Phosphorylation-deficient or phosphomimetic Scar/WAVE mutants are both normally functional and rescue the phenotype of knockout cells, demonstrating that phosphorylation is dispensable for activation and actin regulation. However, pseudopods and patches of phosphorylation-deficient Scar/WAVE last substantially longer in mutants, altering the dynamics and size of pseudopods and lamellipods and thus changing migration speed. Scar/WAVE phosphorylation does not require ERK2 in Dictyostelium or mammalian cells. However, the MAPKKK homologue SepA contributes substantially-sepA mutants have less steady-state phosphorylation, which does not increase in response to adhesion. The mutants also behave similarly to cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient Scar, with longer-lived pseudopods and patches of Scar recruitment. We conclude that pseudopod engagement with substratum is more important than extracellular signals at regulating Scar/WAVE's activity and that phosphorylation acts as a pseudopod timer by promoting Scar/WAVE turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Schaks
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qing Tang
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Goode
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert H. Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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167
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Steinway SN, Saleh J, Koo BK, Delacour D, Kim DH. Human Microphysiological Models of Intestinal Tissue and Gut Microbiome. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:725. [PMID: 32850690 PMCID: PMC7411353 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system responsible for nutrient absorption, digestion, secretion, and elimination of waste products that also hosts immune surveillance, the intestinal microbiome, and interfaces with the nervous system. Traditional in vitro systems cannot harness the architectural and functional complexity of the GI tract. Recent advances in organoid engineering, microfluidic organs-on-a-chip technology, and microfabrication allows us to create better in vitro models of human organs/tissues. These micro-physiological systems could integrate the numerous cell types involved in GI development and physiology, including intestinal epithelium, endothelium (vascular), nerve cells, immune cells, and their interplay/cooperativity with the microbiome. In this review, we report recent progress in developing micro-physiological models of the GI systems. We also discuss how these models could be used to study normal intestinal physiology such as nutrient absorption, digestion, and secretion as well as GI infection, inflammation, cancer, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Steinway
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jad Saleh
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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168
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Abstract
Gene regulatory networks and tissue morphogenetic events drive the emergence of shape and function: the pillars of embryo development. Although model systems offer a window into the molecular biology of cell fate and tissue shape, mechanistic studies of our own development have so far been technically and ethically challenging. However, recent technical developments provide the tools to describe, manipulate and mimic human embryos in a dish, thus opening a new avenue to exploring human development. Here, I discuss the evidence that supports a role for the crosstalk between cell fate and tissue shape during early human embryogenesis. This is a critical developmental period, when the body plan is laid out and many pregnancies fail. Dissecting the basic mechanisms that coordinate cell fate and tissue shape will generate an integrated understanding of early embryogenesis and new strategies for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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169
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Uncovering mutation-specific morphogenic phenotypes and paracrine-mediated vessel dysfunction in a biomimetic vascularized mammary duct platform. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3377. [PMID: 32632100 PMCID: PMC7338408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly vascularized tissue capable of expansion and regression during development and disease. To enable mechanistic insight into the coordinated morphogenic crosstalk between the epithelium and vasculature, we introduce a 3D microfluidic platform that juxtaposes a human mammary duct in proximity to a perfused endothelial vessel. Both compartments recapitulate stable architectural features of native tissue and the ability to undergo distinct forms of branching morphogenesis. Modeling HER2/ERBB2 amplification or activating PIK3CA(H1047R) mutation each produces ductal changes observed in invasive progression, yet with striking morphogenic and behavioral differences. Interestingly, PI3KαH1047R ducts also elicit increased permeability and structural disorganization of the endothelium, and we identify the distinct secretion of IL-6 as the paracrine cause of PI3KαH1047R-associated vascular dysfunction. These results demonstrate the functionality of a model system that facilitates the dissection of 3D morphogenic behaviors and bidirectional signaling between mammary epithelium and endothelium during homeostasis and pathogenesis.
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170
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Abstract
Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École normale supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon (UCBL), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | - T E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411; .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Proteos, Singapore 138673
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171
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Abstract
Understanding to what extent stem cell potential is a cell-intrinsic property or an emergent behavior coming from global tissue dynamics and geometry is a key outstanding question of systems and stem cell biology. Here, we propose a theory of stem cell dynamics as a stochastic competition for access to a spatially localized niche, giving rise to a stochastic conveyor-belt model. Cell divisions produce a steady cellular stream which advects cells away from the niche, while random rearrangements enable cells away from the niche to be favorably repositioned. Importantly, even when assuming that all cells in a tissue are molecularly equivalent, we predict a common ("universal") functional dependence of the long-term clonal survival probability on distance from the niche, as well as the emergence of a well-defined number of functional stem cells, dependent only on the rate of random movements vs. mitosis-driven advection. We test the predictions of this theory on datasets of pubertal mammary gland tips and embryonic kidney tips, as well as homeostatic intestinal crypts. Importantly, we find good agreement for the predicted functional dependency of the competition as a function of position, and thus functional stem cell number in each organ. This argues for a key role of positional fluctuations in dictating stem cell number and dynamics, and we discuss the applicability of this theory to other settings.
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172
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Hartmann MJ, Singh Y, Vanden-Eijnden E, Hocky GM. Infinite switch simulated tempering in force (FISST). J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244120. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuvraj Singh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Eric Vanden-Eijnden
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Glen M. Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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173
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Nuclear mechanotransduction in stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 64:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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174
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Schwayer C, Shamipour S, Pranjic-Ferscha K, Schauer A, Balda M, Tada M, Matter K, Heisenberg CP. Mechanosensation of Tight Junctions Depends on ZO-1 Phase Separation and Flow. Cell 2020; 179:937-952.e18. [PMID: 31675500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions respond to mechanical forces by changing their organization and function. To gain insight into the mechanochemical basis underlying junction mechanosensitivity, we analyzed tight junction (TJ) formation between the enveloping cell layer (EVL) and the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the gastrulating zebrafish embryo. We found that the accumulation of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) at TJs closely scales with tension of the adjacent actomyosin network, revealing that these junctions are mechanosensitive. Actomyosin tension triggers ZO-1 junctional accumulation by driving retrograde actomyosin flow within the YSL, which transports non-junctional ZO-1 clusters toward the TJ. Non-junctional ZO-1 clusters form by phase separation, and direct actin binding of ZO-1 is required for stable incorporation of retrogradely flowing ZO-1 clusters into TJs. If the formation and/or junctional incorporation of ZO-1 clusters is impaired, then TJs lose their mechanosensitivity, and consequently, EVL-YSL movement is delayed. Thus, phase separation and flow of non-junctional ZO-1 confer mechanosensitivity to TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schwayer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Alexandra Schauer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Balda
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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175
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Chan CJ, Hiiragi T. Integration of luminal pressure and signalling in tissue self-organization. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev181297. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Many developmental processes involve the emergence of intercellular fluid-filled lumina. This process of luminogenesis results in a build up of hydrostatic pressure and signalling molecules in the lumen. However, the potential roles of lumina in cellular functions, tissue morphogenesis and patterning have yet to be fully explored. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that describe how pressurized fluid expansion can provide both mechanical and biochemical cues to influence cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. We also review emerging techniques that allow for precise quantification of fluid pressure in vivo and in situ. Finally, we discuss the intricate interplay between luminogenesis, tissue mechanics and signalling, which provide a new dimension for understanding the principles governing tissue self-organization in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii J. Chan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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176
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Martin AC. The Physical Mechanisms of Drosophila Gastrulation: Mesoderm and Endoderm Invagination. Genetics 2020; 214:543-560. [PMID: 32132154 PMCID: PMC7054018 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.301292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical juncture in early development is the partitioning of cells that will adopt different fates into three germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm. This step is achieved through the internalization of specified cells from the outermost surface layer, through a process called gastrulation. In Drosophila, gastrulation is achieved through cell shape changes (i.e., apical constriction) that change tissue curvature and lead to the folding of a surface epithelium. Folding of embryonic tissue results in mesoderm and endoderm invagination, not as individual cells, but as collective tissue units. The tractability of Drosophila as a model system is best exemplified by how much we know about Drosophila gastrulation, from the signals that pattern the embryo to the molecular components that generate force, and how these components are organized to promote cell and tissue shape changes. For mesoderm invagination, graded signaling by the morphogen, Spätzle, sets up a gradient in transcriptional activity that leads to the expression of a secreted ligand (Folded gastrulation) and a transmembrane protein (T48). Together with the GPCR Mist, which is expressed in the mesoderm, and the GPCR Smog, which is expressed uniformly, these signals activate heterotrimeric G-protein and small Rho-family G-protein signaling to promote apical contractility and changes in cell and tissue shape. A notable feature of this signaling pathway is its intricate organization in both space and time. At the cellular level, signaling components and the cytoskeleton exhibit striking polarity, not only along the apical-basal cell axis, but also within the apical domain. Furthermore, gene expression controls a highly choreographed chain of events, the dynamics of which are critical for primordium invagination; it does not simply throw the cytoskeletal "on" switch. Finally, studies of Drosophila gastrulation have provided insight into how global tissue mechanics and movements are intertwined as multiple tissues simultaneously change shape. Overall, these studies have contributed to the view that cells respond to forces that propagate over great distances, demonstrating that cellular decisions, and, ultimately, tissue shape changes, proceed by integrating cues across an entire embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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Abstract
The EMBO/EMBL Symposium 'Mechanical Forces in Development' was held in Heidelberg, Germany, on 3-6 July 2019. This interdisciplinary symposium brought together an impressive and diverse line-up of speakers seeking to address the origin and role of mechanical forces in development. Emphasising the importance of integrative approaches and theoretical simulations to obtain comprehensive mechanistic insights into complex morphogenetic processes, the meeting provided an ideal platform to discuss the concepts and methods of developmental mechanobiology in an era of fast technical and conceptual progress. Here, we summarise the concepts and findings discussed during the meeting, as well as the agenda it sets for the future of developmental mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Hallou
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Thibaut Brunet
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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178
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Hirashima T, Adachi T. Polarized cellular mechano-response system for maintaining radial size in developing epithelial tubes. Development 2019; 146:dev.181206. [PMID: 31619390 PMCID: PMC6918744 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Size control in biological tissues involves multicellular communication via mechanical forces during development. Although fundamental cellular behaviours in response to mechanical stimuli underlie size maintenance during morphogenetic processes, the mechanisms underpinning the cellular mechano-response system that maintains size along an axis of a polarized tissue remain elusive. Here, we show how the diameter of an epithelial tube is maintained during murine epididymal development by combining quantitative imaging, mechanical perturbation and mathematical modelling. We found that epithelial cells counteract compressive forces caused by cell division exclusively along the circumferential axis of the tube to produce polarized contractile forces, eventually leading to an oriented cell rearrangement. Moreover, a mathematical model that includes the polarized mechano-responsive regime explains how the diameter of proliferating tubes is maintained. Our findings pave the way for an improved understanding of the cellular response to mechanical forces that involves collective multicellular behaviours for organizing diverse tissue morphologies. Summary: Polarized cellular constriction responding to mechanical stress controls the diameter of a developing epithelial tube during murine epididymal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 6068501, Kyoto, Japan .,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 6068501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 6068501, Kyoto, Japan
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179
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Tomancak P. Evolutionary history of tissue bending. Science 2019; 366:300-301. [PMID: 31624195 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tomancak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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180
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Petridou NI, Heisenberg C. Tissue rheology in embryonic organization. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102497. [PMID: 31512749 PMCID: PMC6792012 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis in multicellular organisms is brought about by spatiotemporal coordination of mechanical and chemical signals. Extensive work on how mechanical forces together with the well-established morphogen signalling pathways can actively shape living tissues has revealed evolutionary conserved mechanochemical features of embryonic development. More recently, attention has been drawn to the description of tissue material properties and how they can influence certain morphogenetic processes. Interestingly, besides the role of tissue material properties in determining how much tissues deform in response to force application, there is increasing theoretical and experimental evidence, suggesting that tissue material properties can abruptly and drastically change in development. These changes resemble phase transitions, pointing at the intriguing possibility that important morphogenetic processes in development, such as symmetry breaking and self-organization, might be mediated by tissue phase transitions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulation and role of tissue material properties in the context of the developing embryo. We posit that abrupt changes of tissue rheological properties may have important implications in maintaining the balance between robustness and adaptability during embryonic development.
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181
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Zhang Z, Zwick S, Loew E, Grimley JS, Ramanathan S. Mouse embryo geometry drives formation of robust signaling gradients through receptor localization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4516. [PMID: 31586065 PMCID: PMC6778081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogen signals are essential for cell fate specification during embryogenesis. Some receptors that sense these morphogens are known to localize to only the apical or basolateral membrane of polarized cell lines in vitro. How such localization affects morphogen sensing and patterning in the developing embryo remains unknown. Here, we show that the formation of a robust BMP signaling gradient in the early mouse embryo depends on the restricted, basolateral localization of BMP receptors. The mis-localization of receptors to the apical membrane results in ectopic BMP signaling in the mouse epiblast in vivo. With evidence from mathematical modeling, human embryonic stem cells in vitro, and mouse embryos in vivo, we find that the geometric compartmentalization of BMP receptors and ligands creates a signaling gradient that is buffered against fluctuations. Our results demonstrate the importance of receptor localization and embryo geometry in shaping morphogen signaling during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Steven Zwick
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ethan Loew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joshua S Grimley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Universal Cells, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Sharad Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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