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151
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Jin K, He M, Wei W, Chen X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Pang W, Ren X, Duan X. Self-adaptive virtual microchannel for continuous enrichment and separation of nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8440. [PMID: 35905179 PMCID: PMC9337757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transport, enrichment, and purification of nanoparticles are fundamental activities in the fields of biology, chemistry, material science, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate an approach for manipulating nanospecimens in which a virtual channel with a diameter that can be spontaneously self-adjusted from dozens to a few micrometers based on the concentration of samples is formed by acoustic waves and streams that are triggered and stabilized by a gigahertz bulk acoustic resonator and microfluidics, respectively. By combining a specially designed arc-shaped resonator and lateral flow, the in situ enrichment, focusing, displacement, and continuous size-based separation of nanoparticles were achieved, with the ability to capture 30-nm polystyrene nanoparticles and continuously focus 150-nm polystyrene nanoparticles. Furthermore, exosome separation was also demonstrated. This technology overcomes the limitation of continuously manipulating particles under 200 nm and has the potential to be useful for a wide range of applications in chemistry, life sciences, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meihang He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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152
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Zhang Y, Zheng X, Sheng W, Liang H, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Dong X, Li W, Pei F, Ding L, Chang Z, Deng L, Yuan G, Yang Z, Zhu D, Yang X, Wang H. Alum/CpG Adjuvanted Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine with Protective Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081208. [PMID: 36016098 PMCID: PMC9413105 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, including five variants of concern (VOC) strains listed by the WHO: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Extensive studies have shown that most of these VOC strains, especially the currently dominant variant Omicron, can escape the host immune response induced by existing COVID-19 vaccines to different extents, which poses considerable risk to the health of human beings around the world. In the present study, we developed a vaccine based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and an adjuvant consisting of aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine were investigated in rats. The candidate vaccine elicited high titers of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in immunized rats, which not only neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2, but also showed great cross-neutralization activity against the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Hongyang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yadan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weidong Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Fei Pei
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ling Ding
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhen Chang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhaona Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Di Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
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153
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Ye ZW, Fan Y, Tang K, Ong CP, Luo C, Chung HL, Leong TL, Liang R, Lui WY, Zhou R, Cheng Y, Lu L, Cheung PHH, Chan JFW, Chen Z, Yuen KY, Yuan S, To KKW, Jin DY. Cross-variant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters immunized with monovalent and bivalent inactivated vaccines. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4781-4791. [PMID: 35874942 PMCID: PMC9305277 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development and successful use of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 might hold the key to curb the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Emergence of vaccine-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has posed a new challenge to vaccine design and development. One urgent need is to determine what types of variant-specific and bivalent vaccines should be developed. Here, we compared homotypic and heterotypic protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters with monovalent and bivalent whole-virion inactivated vaccines derived from representative VOCs. In addition to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, Delta (B.1.617.2; δ) and Theta (P.3; θ) variants were used in vaccine preparation. Additional VOCs including Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Alpha (B.1.1.7) variants were employed in the challenge experiment. Consistent with previous findings, Omicron variant exhibited the highest degree of immune evasion, rendering all different forms of inactivated vaccines substantially less efficacious. Notably, monovalent and bivalent Delta variant-specific inactivated vaccines provided optimal protection against challenge with Delta variant. Yet, some cross-variant protection against Omicron and Alpha variants was seen with all monovalent and bivalent inactivated vaccines tested. Taken together, our findings support the notion that an optimal next-generation inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 should contain the predominant VOC in circulation. Further investigations are underway to test whether a bivalent vaccine for Delta and Omicron variants can serve this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yilan Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kaiming Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chon Phin Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Lam Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tsun-Lam Leong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ronghui Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Yin Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Hin Hinson Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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154
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Mei S, Fan Z, Liu X, Zhao F, Huang Y, Wei L, Hu Y, Xie Y, Wang L, Ai B, Liang C, Xu F, Guo F. Immunogenicity of a vaccinia virus-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine candidate. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911164. [PMID: 35935962 PMCID: PMC9353262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines provide essential tools for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of technologies have been employed to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles, mRNA to express viral spike protein, recombinant spike proteins, and viral vectors. Here, we report the use of the vaccinia virus Tiantan strain as a vector to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. When it was used to inoculate mice, robust SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody response and T-cell response were detected. Sera from the vaccinated mice showed strong neutralizing activity against the ancestral Wuhan SARS-CoV-2, the variants of concern (VOCs) B.1.351, B.1.617.2, and the emerging B.1.1.529 (omicron). This finding supports the possibility of developing a new type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine using the vaccinia virus vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangling Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fengwen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengwen Xu, ; Fei Guo,
| | - Fei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengwen Xu, ; Fei Guo,
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155
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Yan LN, Zhao ZX, Wang ZD, Xiao X, Liu PP, Zhang WK, Gu XL, Li B, Yu LP, Yu XJ. Neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response after two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in China. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1465-1473. [PMID: 35861138 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of 2022, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines had been used in more than 91 countries. However, limited information was available on the immune responses of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the real world. METHODS We used SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus to determine neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to wild type and several global variants and utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate IFN-γ-secreting T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 among 240 vaccinees after two doses of inactivated vaccine in China. RESULTS A majority of vaccinees (>90%) have developed robust NAbs and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months after the second dose. After six months, only 37.0% and 44.0% of vaccinees had NAbs and T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Immune serum retained most of neutralizing potency against Alpha and Iota variants, but significantly lost neutralizing potency against Beta, Kappa, Delta, and Omicron variants. Only 40% vaccine-sera remained low-level neutralization activities to Omicron, with a 14.7-fold decrease compared to wild type. CONCLUSION The inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine stimulated robust NAbs and T-cell immune responses in the first two months after the second dose but the immune effect drops rapidly, which highlights that a third or more dose boost shot may be required to boost immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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156
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Gracheva AV, Korchevaya ER, Ammour YI, Smirnova DI, Sokolova OS, Glukhov GS, Moiseenko AV, Zubarev IV, Samoilikov RV, Leneva IA, Svitich OA, Zverev VV, Faizuloev EB. Immunogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated by ultraviolet light. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2181-2191. [PMID: 35857146 PMCID: PMC9296761 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 is the most effective method of controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and reducing mortality from this disease. The development of vaccines with high protective activity against a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic variants remains relevant. In this regard, evaluation of the effectiveness of physical methods of virus inactivation, such as ultraviolet irradiation (UV) of the virus stock, remains relevant. This study demonstrates that the UV treatment of SARS-CoV-2 completely inactivates its infectivity while preserving its morphology, antigenic properties, and ability to induce the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice through immunization. Thus, the UV inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 makes it possible to obtain viral material similar in its antigenic and immunogenic properties to the native antigen, which can be used both for the development of diagnostic test systems and for the development of an inactivated vaccine against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gracheva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - E R Korchevaya
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Yu I Ammour
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - D I Smirnova
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - O S Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G S Glukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - A V Moiseenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I V Zubarev
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - R V Samoilikov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - I A Leneva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - O A Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia.,F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V V Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia.,F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny B Faizuloev
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
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157
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Vaccination with Omicron Inactivated Vaccine in Pre-vaccinated Mice Protects against SARS-CoV-2 Prototype and Omicron Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071149. [PMID: 35891313 PMCID: PMC9318641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the fast-waning immune response and the great threat of the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) to the public, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated Omicron vaccine candidate that induces high levels of neutralizing antibody titers to protect against the Omicron virus. Here, we demonstrate that the inactivated Omicron vaccine is safe and effective in recalling immune responses to the HB02, Omicron, and Delta viruses after one or two doses of BBIBP-CorV. In addition, the efficient productivity and good genetic stability of the manufactured inactivated vaccine is proved. These results support the further evaluation of the Omicron vaccine in a clinical trial.
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158
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Chen J, Xu W, Li L, Yi L, Jiang Y, Hao P, Xu Z, Zou W, Li P, Gao Z, Tian M, Jin N, Ren L, Li C. Immunogenicity and protective potential of chimeric virus-like particles containing SARS-CoV-2 spike and H5N1 matrix 1 proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967493. [PMID: 35923799 PMCID: PMC9339902 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a constant threat to human beings and the world economy for more than two years. Vaccination is the first choice to control and prevent the pandemic. However, an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against the virus infection is still needed. This study designed and prepared four kinds of virus-like particles (VLPs) using an insect expression system. Two constructs encoded wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) fused with or without H5N1 matrix 1 (M1) (S and SM). The other two constructs contained a codon-optimized spike gene and/or M1 gene (mS and mSM) based on protein expression, stability, and ADE avoidance. The results showed that the VLP-based vaccine could induce high SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in mice, including specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. Moreover, the mSM group has the most robust ability to stimulate humoral immunity and cellular immunity than the other VLPs, suggesting the mSM is the best immunogen. Further studies showed that the mSM combined with Al/CpG adjuvant could stimulate animals to produce sustained high-level antibodies and establish an effective protective barrier to protect mice from challenges with mouse-adapted strain. The vaccine based on mSM and Al/CpG adjuvant is a promising candidate vaccine to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary medicine, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lichao Yi
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wancheng Zou
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peiheng Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Linzhu Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Li, ; Linzhu Ren, ; Ningyi Jin,
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Paul K, Sibbertsen F, Weiskopf D, Lütgehetmann M, Barroso M, Danecka MK, Glau L, Hecher L, Hermann K, Kohl A, Oh J, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Sette A, Tolosa E, Vettorazzi E, Woidy M, Zapf A, Zazara DE, Mir TS, Muntau AC, Gersting SW, Dunay GA. Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses to Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in Children Increase With Age and Show Cross-Reactivity to Beta Variant. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867577. [PMID: 35911689 PMCID: PMC9336222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is still a major burden for global health despite effective vaccines. With the reduction of social distancing measures, infection rates are increasing in children, while data on the pediatric immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking. Although the typical disease course in children has been mild, emerging variants may present new challenges in this age group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 51 convalescent children, 24 seronegative siblings from early 2020, and 51 unexposed controls were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide MegaPools from the ancestral and beta variants. Flow cytometric determination of activation-induced markers and secreted cytokines were used to quantify the CD4+ T cell response. The average time after infection was over 80 days. CD4+ T cell responses were detected in 61% of convalescent children and were markedly reduced in preschool children. Cross-reactive T cells for the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant were identified in 45% of cases after infection with an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variant. The CD4+ T cell response was accompanied most predominantly by IFN-γ and Granzyme B secretion. An antiviral CD4+ T cell response was present in children after ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was reduced in the youngest age group. We detected significant cross-reactivity of CD4+ T cell responses to the more recently evolved immune-escaping beta variant. Our findings have epidemiologic relevance for children regarding novel viral variants of concern and vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Paul
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Sibbertsen
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta K. Danecka
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Glau
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hecher
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hermann
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aloisa Kohl
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Woidy
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E. Zazara
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Mir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ania C. Muntau
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Søren W. Gersting
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabor A. Dunay
- University Children’s Research - UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics - Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabor A. Dunay,
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160
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Yu Y, Zhou JXY, Li B, Ji M, Wang Y, Carnaby E, Andersson MI, Huang WE, Cui Z. A quantitative RT-qLAMP for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and human gene in clinical application. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2619-2630. [PMID: 35830452 PMCID: PMC9349938 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription (RT) - loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a rapid and one-step method to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the pandemic. Quantitative estimation of the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples could help physicians make decisions on clinical treatment and patient management. Here, we propose to use a quantitative LAMP (qLAMP) method to evaluate the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in samples. We used threshold time (TT) values of qLAMP, the isothermal incubation time required for the fluorescent or colorimetric signal to reach the threshold, to indicate the viral load of clinical samples. Similar to the cycle threshold (Ct ) values in conventional qPCR, TT values of qLAMP show a linear relationship to the copy numbers of SARS-CoV-2. The higher the viral loadings, the lower qLAMP TT values are. The RT-qLAMP assay was demonstrated to quantify the viral loads of synthesized full-length RNA, inactivated viral particles (BBIBP-CorV), and clinical samples within 15 min by fluorescent reading and 25 min by colorimetric reading. The RT-qLAMP has been applied to detect Alpha, Beta, Kappa, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the human beta-actin gene, and their TT values showed the linear patterns. The RT-qLAMP assays were evaluated by 64 clinical samples (25 positives and 39 negatives) for the assessment of viral loads, and it was also used to quantify the human beta-actin gene, which was used as a control and an indicator of sampling quality in clinical swab samples. The result of RT-qLAMP was in good agreement with the result of RT-qPCR. The RT-qLAMP assay detected all clinical samples, including those with Ct = 35, within 10 min using fluorescent reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejiong Yu
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johnny X Y Zhou
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Binbin Li
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, China
| | - Emma Carnaby
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Monique I Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, China
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161
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Wu F, Luo S, Zhang Y, Hairui Wang Zhaofei Guo Chunting He Shuting Bai Penghui He Min Jiang Xiaoyan Chen Guangsheng Du Xun Sun YO. Single-shot AAV-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with fast and long-lasting immunity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:2219-2233. [PMID: 35846427 PMCID: PMC9273293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the insufficient long-term protection and significant efficacy reduction to new variants of current COVID-19 vaccines, the epidemic prevention and control are still challenging. Here, we employ a capsid and antigen structure engineering (CASE) strategy to manufacture an adeno-associated viral serotype 6-based vaccine (S663V-RBD), which expresses trimeric receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein fused with a biological adjuvant RS09. Impressively, the engineered S663V-RBD could rapidly induce a satisfactory RBD-specific IgG titer within 2 weeks and maintain the titer for more than 4 months. Compared to the licensed BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, China), a single-dose S663V-RBD induced more endurable and robust immune responses in mice and elicited superior neutralizing antibodies against three typical SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses including wild type, C.37 (Lambda) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). More interestingly, the intramuscular injection of S663V-RBD could overcome pre-existing immunity against the capsid. Given its effectiveness, the CASE-based S663V-RBD may provide a new solution for the current and next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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The Role of Cellular Immunity in the Protective Efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071103. [PMID: 35891267 PMCID: PMC9324880 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been approved for clinical use. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers after immunization are widely used as an evaluation indicator, and the roles of cellular immune responses in the protective efficacy of vaccines are rarely mentioned. However, therapeutic monoclonal neutralizing antibodies have shown limited efficacy in improving the outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggesting a passive role of cellular immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The synergistic effect of virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses helps the host to fight against viral infection. In fact, it has been observed that the early appearance of specific T-cell responses is strongly correlated with mild symptoms of COVID-19 patients and that individuals with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural-protein-specific T cells are more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest the important contribution of the cellular immune response to the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Nowadays, new SARS-CoV-2 variants that can escape from the neutralization of antibodies are rapidly increasing. However, the epitopes of these variants recognized by T cells are largely preserved. Paying more attention to cellular immune responses may provide new instructions for designing effective vaccines for the prevention of severe disease induced by the break-through infection of new variants and the sequelae caused by virus latency. In this review, we deliberate on the role of cellular immunity against COVID-19 and summarize recent advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the immune responses induced by vaccines to improve the design of new vaccines and immunization strategies.
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163
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Dadras O, Mehraeen E, Karimi A, Tantuoyir MM, Afzalian A, Nazarian N, Mojdeganlou H, Mirzapour P, Shamsabadi A, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Vahedi F, Shobeiri P, Pashaei Z, SeyedAlinaghi S. Safety and Adverse Events Related to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines and Novavax;a Systematic Review. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022; 10:e54. [PMID: 36033990 PMCID: PMC9397598 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Knowledge of the safety of vaccines is crucial, both to prevent and cure them and to decrease the public hesitation in receiving vaccines. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the adverse events reported for inactivated vaccines and Novavax. Methods In this systematic review, the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched on September 15, 2021. Then we identified the eligible studies using a two-step title/abstract and full-text screening process. Data on the subjects, studies, and types of adverse events were extracted and entered in a word table, including serious, mild, local, and systemic adverse events as well as the timing of side effects' appearance. Results Adverse effects of inactivated coronavirus vaccines side effects were reported from phases 1, 2, and 3 of the vaccine trials. The most common local side effects included injection site pain and swelling, redness, and pruritus. Meanwhile, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain and diarrhea were among the most common systemic adverse effects. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, including Sinovac, Sinopharm, and Bharat Biotech, as well as the protein subunit vaccines (Novavax) can be considered as safe choices due to having milder side effects and fewer severe life-threatening adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: , , ,School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. E-mail:
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-66947984, E-mail: , , ,
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-66947984, E-mail: , , , ,Biomedical Engineering Unit, University of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC), Accra, Ghana. E-mail:
| | - Arian Afzalian
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-66947984, E-mail: , , ,
| | - Newsha Nazarian
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hengameh Mojdeganlou
- Department of Pathology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: , ,
| | - Ahmadreza Shamsabadi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohsen Dashti
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: ,
| | - Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: ,
| | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-66947984, E-mail: , , ,
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-66947984, E-mail: , , ,
| | - Zahra Pashaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: , ,
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: , , ,Corresponding Author: SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , Tel: 0098 (021) 66581583, ORCID:0000-0003-3210-7905
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164
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Yin Z, Zhou M, Xu J, Wang K, Hao X, Tan X, Li H, Wang F, Dai C, Ma G, Wang Z, Duan L, Jin Y. Predictive Risk Factors at Admission and a “Burning Point” During Hospitalization Serve as Sequential Alerts for Critical Illness in Patients With COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:816314. [PMID: 35860737 PMCID: PMC9291637 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.816314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe intended to establish a novel critical illness prediction system combining baseline risk factors with dynamic laboratory tests for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe evaluated patients with COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan West Union Hospital between 12 January and 25 February 2020. The data of patients were collected, and the illness severity was assessed.ResultsAmong 1,150 enrolled patients, 296 (25.7%) patients developed into critical illness. A baseline nomogram model consists of seven variables including age [odds ratio (OR), 1.028; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.004–1.052], sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (OR, 4.367; 95% CI, 3.230–5.903), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; OR, 1.094; 95% CI, 1.024–1.168), D-dimer (OR, 1.476; 95% CI, 1.107–1.968), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001–1.006), international normalised ratio (INR; OR, 1.027; 95% CI, 0.999–1.055), and pneumonia area interpreted from computed tomography (CT) images (medium vs. small [OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.188–8.678], and large vs. small [OR, 9.567; 95% CI, 3.982–22.986]) were established to predict the risk for critical illness at admission. The differentiating power of this nomogram scoring system was perfect with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.960 (95% CI, 0.941–0.972) in the training set and an AUC of 0.958 (95% CI, 0.936–0.980) in the testing set. In addition, a linear mixed model (LMM) based on dynamic change of seven variables consisting of SOFA score (value, 2; increase per day [I/d], +0.49), NLR (value, 10.61; I/d, +2.07), C-reactive protein (CRP; value, 46.9 mg/L; I/d, +4.95), glucose (value, 7.83 mmol/L; I/d, +0.2), D-dimer (value, 6.08 μg/L; I/d, +0.28), LDH (value, 461 U/L; I/d, +13.95), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN value, 6.51 mmol/L; I/d, +0.55) were established to assist in predicting occurrence time of critical illness onset during hospitalization.ConclusionThe two-checkpoint system could assist in accurately and dynamically predicting critical illness and timely adjusting the treatment regimen for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguqiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanzhou Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jin,
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Hao M, Wang D, Xia Q, Kan S, Chang L, Liu H, Yang Z, Liu W. Pathogenic Mechanism and Multi-omics Analysis of Oral Manifestations in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879792. [PMID: 35860279 PMCID: PMC9290522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease that seriously threatens human life. The clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19, spreads through contaminated droplets. SARS-CoV-2 particles have been detected in the saliva of COVID-19 patients, implying that the virus can infect and damage the oral cavity. The oral manifestations of COVID-19 include xerostomia and gustatory dysfunction. Numerous studies showed that the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are its potential pathogenic factors, especially the S protein, which binds to human ACE2 receptors facilitating the entry of the virus into the host cells. Usually, upon entry into the host cell, a pathogen triggers the host’s immune response. However, a mount of multi-omics and immunological analyses revealed that COVID-19 is caused by immune dysregulation. A decrease in the number and phenotypes of immune cells, IFN-1 production and excessive release of certain cytokines have also been reported. In conclusion, this review summarizes the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and multi-omics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyun Xia
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu,
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Immunogenicity Following Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine and a Third Booster Dose with a Viral Vector and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta and Omicron Variants in Prime Immunized Adults with Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071071. [PMID: 35891235 PMCID: PMC9317843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination is being comprehensively evaluated globally due to waning immunity and the emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antibody responses in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine and to explore the boosting effect of the different vaccine platforms in BBIBP-CorV-primed healthy adults, including a viral vector vaccine (AZD122) and mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273). The results showed that in the BBIBP-CorV prime group, the total receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) and anti-RBD IgG levels waned significantly at three months after receiving the second dose. However, after the booster, RBD-specific binding antibody levels increased. Neutralizing antibody measured by a surrogate neutralization test showed inhibition over 90% against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant but less than 70% against the omicron variant after the third dose on day 28. All booster vaccines could induce the total IFN-ɣ T-cell response. The reactogenicity was acceptable and well-tolerated without serious adverse events. This study supports the administration of the third dose with either a viral vector or mRNA vaccine for BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals to stimulate antibody and T-cell responses.
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SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity of the Kyrgyz population in 2021. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:195-210. [PMID: 35780233 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the fight against coronavirus infection, control of the immune response is of decisive importance, an important component of which is the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is formed either naturally or artificially through vaccination. The purpose of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional randomized study of seroprevalence was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The ethics committees of the Association of Preventive Medicine (Kyrgyzstan) and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia) approved the study. Volunteers (9471) were recruited, representing 0.15% (95% CI 0.14-0.15) of the total population, randomized by age and region. Plasma antibodies (Abs) to the nucleocapsid antigen (Nag) were determined. In vaccinated individuals, Abs to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antigen (RBDag) were determined. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The SARS-CoV-2 Nag Ab seroprevalence was 48.7% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), with a maximum in the 60-69 age group [59.2% (95% CI 56.6-61.7)] and a minimum in group 1-17 years old [32.7% (95 CI: 29.4-36.1)]. The highest proportion of seropositive individuals was in the Naryn region [53.3% (95% CI 49.8-56.8)]. The lowest share was in Osh City [38.1% (95% CI 32.6-43.9)]. The maximum SARS-CoV-2 Nag seropositivity was found in the health-care sector [57.1% (95% CI 55.4-58.8)]; the minimum was seen among artists [38.6% (95% CI 26.0-52.4)]. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Nag seropositivity was 77.1% (95% CI 75.6-78.5). Vaccination with Sputnik V or Sinopharm produced comparable Ab seroprevalence. SARS-CoV-2 Nag seropositivity in the Kyrgyz population was 48.75% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), with the mass vaccination campaign undoubtedly benefitting the overall situation.
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Bao Q, Yang T, Yang M, Mao C. Detection, prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and opportunities for nanobiotechnology. VIEW 2022; 3:20200181. [PMID: 35600668 PMCID: PMC9111118 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has increased globally at a dramatic speed. In view of the serious health threat to humans, this review discusses the state-of-the-art studies about fighting this disease. It summarizes the current strategies and recent advances in detecting, preventing, and treating COVID-19 and interprets the underlying mechanisms in detail. Detection of COVID-19 can be successfully achieved by multiple techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, computed tomography imaging, and nano-biosensing. Inactivated virus vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, and different nanoparticles have been employed to effectively prevent COVID-19. A variety of agents such as antiviral agents, neutralizing antibodies, and nanotherapeutics have been developed to treat COVID-19 with exciting efficacy. Although nanobiotechnology has shown great potential in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19, efforts should be made to explore new biocompatible nano-biomaterials to advance this field to clinical applications. Hence, nanobiotechnology paves a new way to detect, prevent, and treat COVID-19 effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal ScienceInstitute of Applied Bioresource ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
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169
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Lin Q, Lu C, Hong Y, Li R, Chen J, Chen W, Chen J. Animal models for studying coronavirus infections and developing antiviral agents and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105345. [PMID: 35605699 PMCID: PMC9122840 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has become the third deadly coronavirus that infects humans and causes the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has already caused more than six million deaths worldwide and it is likely the biggest pandemic of this century faced by mankind. Although many studies on SARS-CoV-2 have been conducted, a detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is still lacking. Animal models are indispensable for studying its pathogenesis and developing vaccines and antivirals. In this review, we analyze animal models of coronavirus infections and explore their applications on antivirals and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunni Lu
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yuqi Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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170
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Hadj Hassine I. Covid-19 vaccines and variants of concern: A review. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2313. [PMID: 34755408 PMCID: PMC8646685 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in December 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of confirmed infections has risen to more than 242 million worldwide, with nearly 5 million deaths. Currently, nine Covid-19 vaccine candidates based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 strain are at the forefront of vaccine research. All nine had an efficacy over 50% against symptomatic Covid-19 disease: NVX-CoV2373 (∼96%), BNT162b2 (∼95%), mRNA-1273 (∼94%), Sputnik V (∼92%), AZD1222 (∼81%), BBIBP-CorV (∼79%), Covaxin (∼78%), Ad26.CoV.S (∼66%) and CoronaVac (∼51%). However, vaccine efficacy (VE) can be jeopardised by the rapid emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that could escape from neutralising antibodies and/or cell-mediated immunity. Rare adverse events have also been reported soon after administration of viral vector and mRNA vaccines. Although many Covid-19 vaccines have been developed, additional effective vaccines are still needed to meet the global demand. Promising Covid-19 vaccines such as WIBP-CorV, AD5-nCOV, ZyCoV-D, CVnCoV, EpiVacCorona and ZF2001 have advanced to clinical studies. This review describes the most relevant mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, discusses VE against VOCs, presents rare adverse events after Covid-19 vaccination and introduces some promising Covid-19 vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbel Hadj Hassine
- Unité de Recherche UR17ES30 ‘Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales‘Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de MonastirMonastirTunisia
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171
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dos-Santos JS, Firmino-Cruz L, da Fonseca-Martins AM, Oliveira-Maciel D, Perez GG, Roncaglia-Pereira VA, Dumard CH, Guedes-da-Silva FH, Santos ACV, Leandro MDS, Ferreira JRM, Guimarães-Pinto K, Conde L, Rodrigues DAS, Silva MVDM, Alvim RGF, Lima TM, Marsili FF, Abreu DPB, Ferreira Jr. OC, Mohana Borges RDS, Tanuri A, Souza TML, Rossi-Bergmann B, Vale AM, Silva JL, de Oliveira AC, Filardy AD, Gomes AMO, de Matos Guedes HL. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric Spike Protein Associated to Poly(I:C) Plus Alum. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884760. [PMID: 35844561 PMCID: PMC9281395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a social and economic impact worldwide, and vaccination is an efficient strategy for diminishing those damages. New adjuvant formulations are required for the high vaccine demands, especially adjuvant formulations that induce a Th1 phenotype. Herein we assess a vaccination strategy using a combination of Alum and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] adjuvants plus the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a prefusion trimeric conformation by an intradermal (ID) route. We found high levels of IgG anti-spike antibodies in the serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by neutralization assay, after two or three immunizations. By evaluating the production of IgG subtypes, as expected, we found that formulations containing Poly(I:C) induced IgG2a whereas Alum did not. The combination of these two adjuvants induced high levels of both IgG1 and IgG2a. In addition, cellular immune responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interferon-gamma were equivalent, demonstrating that the Alum + Poly(I:C) combination supported a Th1 profile. Based on the high neutralizing titers, we evaluated B cells in the germinal centers, which are specific for receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike, and observed that more positive B cells were induced upon the Alum + Poly(I:C) combination. Moreover, these B cells produced antibodies against both RBD and non-RBD sites. We also studied the impact of this vaccination preparation [spike protein with Alum + Poly(I:C)] in the lungs of mice challenged with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. We found a production of IgG, but not IgA, and a reduction in neutrophil recruitment in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice, suggesting that our immunization scheme reduced lung inflammation. Altogether, our data suggest that Alum and Poly(I:C) together is a possible adjuvant combination for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 by the intradermal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Souza dos-Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca-Martins
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Maciel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Guadagnini Perez
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Roncaglia-Pereira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Dumard
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca H. Guedes-da-Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Vicente Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique dos Santos Leandro
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle A. S. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata G. F. Alvim
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Federico F. Marsili
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. B. Abreu
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André M. Vale
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson Lima Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cheble de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andre M. O. Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes, ;
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Zang J, Yin Y, Xu S, Qiao W, Liu Q, Lavillette D, Zhang C, Wang H, Huang Z. Neutralizing Potency of Prototype and Omicron RBD mRNA Vaccines Against Omicron Variant. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908478. [PMID: 35844601 PMCID: PMC9280631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contains more than 30 mutations on the spike protein, 15 of which are located within the receptor binding domain (RBD). Consequently, Omicron is able to extensively escape existing neutralizing antibodies and may therefore compromise the efficacy of current vaccines based on the original strain, highlighting the importance and urgency of developing effective vaccines against Omicron. Here we report the rapid generation and evaluation of an mRNA vaccine candidate specific to Omicron, and explore the feasibility of heterologous immunization with WT and Omicron RBD vaccines. This mRNA vaccine encodes the RBD of Omicron (designated as RBD-O) and is formulated with lipid nanoparticle. Two doses of the RBD-O mRNA vaccine efficiently induce neutralizing antibodies in mice; however, the antisera are effective only on the Omicron variant but not on the wildtype and Delta strains, indicating a narrow neutralization spectrum. It is noted that the neutralization profile of the RBD-O mRNA vaccine is opposite to that observed for the mRNA vaccine expressing the wildtype RBD (RBD-WT). Importantly, booster with RBD-O mRNA vaccine after two doses of RBD-WT mRNA vaccine can significantly increase neutralization titers against Omicron. Additionally, an obvious increase in IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α-expressing RBD-specific CD4+ T cell responses was observed after immunization with the RBD-WT and/or RBD-O mRNA vaccine. Together, our work demonstrates the feasibility and potency of an RBD-based mRNA vaccine specific to Omicron, providing important information for further development of heterologous immunization program or bivalent/multivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with broad-spectrum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Zhang
- *Correspondence: Zhong Huang, ; Haikun Wang, ; Chao Zhang,
| | - Haikun Wang
- *Correspondence: Zhong Huang, ; Haikun Wang, ; Chao Zhang,
| | - Zhong Huang
- *Correspondence: Zhong Huang, ; Haikun Wang, ; Chao Zhang,
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173
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Safety and immunogenicity of a hybrid-type vaccine booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients in a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3654. [PMID: 35760812 PMCID: PMC9237056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
NVSI-06-08 is a potential broad-spectrum recombinant COVID-19 vaccine that integrates the antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen. Here, we evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of NVSI-06-08 as a heterologous booster dose in BBIBP-CorV recipients in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial conducted in the United Arab Emirates (NCT05069129). Three groups of healthy adults over 18 years of age (600 participants per group) who have administered two doses of BBIBP-CorV 4-6-month, 7-9-month and >9-month earlier, respectively, are randomized 1:1 to receive either a homologous booster of BBIBP-CorV or a heterologous booster of NVSI-06-08. The incidence of adverse reactions is low, and the overall safety profile is quite similar between two booster regimens. Both Neutralizing and IgG antibodies elicited by NVSI-06-08 booster are significantly higher than those by BBIBP-CorV booster against not only SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain but also multiple variants of concerns (VOCs). Especially, the neutralizing antibody GMT against Omicron variant induced by heterologous NVSI-06-08 booster reaches 367.67, which is substantially greater than that boosted by BBIBP-CorV (GMT: 45.03). In summary, NVSI-06-08 is safe and immunogenic as a booster dose following two doses of BBIBP-CorV, which is immunogenically superior to the homologous boost with another dose of BBIBP-CorV.
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174
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Bellamkonda N, Lambe UP, Sawant S, Nandi SS, Chakraborty C, Shukla D. Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1464. [PMID: 35884770 PMCID: PMC9312515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. In addition to this, vaccines for various Coronaviruses were available for veterinary use. This knowledge supported the creation of various vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2. Before COVID-19 there are no reports of a vaccine being developed in under a year and no vaccine for preventing coronavirus infection in humans had ever been developed. Approximately nine different technologies are being researched and developed at various levels in order to design an effective COVID-19 vaccine. As the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for generating substantial adaptive immune response, mostly all the vaccine candidates have been targeting the whole spike protein or epitopes of spike protein as a vaccine candidate. In this review, we have compiled the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed by the mechanism of action of various vaccine platforms such as mRNA vaccines, Adenoviral vectored vaccine, inactivated virus vaccines and subunit vaccines in the market. In the end we have also summarized the various adjuvants used in the COVID-19 vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Bellamkonda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | | | - Sonali Sawant
- ICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; (U.P.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- ICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; (U.P.L.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Sollberg L, Bawolt M, Berens C, Kovačević P, Trudić A, Parcina M, Hoerauf A. Comparison of IgA, IgG, and Neutralizing Antibody Responses Following Immunization With Moderna, BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sputnik-V, Johnson and Johnson, and Sinopharm's COVID-19 Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917905. [PMID: 35799790 PMCID: PMC9254618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing multinational trial, we obtained blood samples from 365 volunteers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (Moderna, BioNTech), viral DNA-vectored vaccines (AstraZeneca, Sputnik-V, and Johnson and Johnson), or the attenuated virus vaccine from Sinopharm. After collecting reactogenicity data, the expression of S-Protein binding IgG and IgA was analyzed using an automated sandwich ELISA system. Serum neutralizing potentials were then investigated using an ACE-2-RBD neutralizing assay. Moderna's vaccine induced the highest amounts of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies compared to the other groups. In contrast, Sinopharm and Johnson and Johnson's vaccinees presented the lowest SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers. Interestingly, moderate to high negative correlations between age and virus-specific IgG expression were observed in the Johnson and Johnson (ρ =-0.3936) and Sinopharm (ρ =-0.6977) groups according to Spearman's rank correlation analysis. A negative correlation was seen between age and IgA expression in the Sputnik-V group (ρ =-0.3917). The analysis of virus neutralization potentials in age categories demonstrated that no significant neutralization potential was observed in older vaccinees (61and 80 years old) in the Sputnik-V Johnson and Johnson and Sinopharm vaccinees' groups. In contrast, neutralization potentials in sera of Moderna, BioNTech, and AstraZeneca vaccinees were statistically comparable in all age categories. Furthermore, while the AstraZeneca vaccine alone induced moderate IgG and IgA expression, the combination with Moderna or BioNTech mRNA vaccines induced significantly higher antibody levels than a double dose of AstraZeneca and similar IgG expression and neutralization potential compared to Moderna or BioNTech vaccines used alone. These results suggest that mRNA vaccines are the most immunogenic after two doses. DNA vectored vaccines from AstraZeneca and Sputnik-V presented lower but significant antibody expression and virus neutralizing properties after two doses. The lowest antibody and neutralization potential were observed in the Sinopharm or Johnson and Johnson vaccinees. Especially elderly over 60 presented no significant increase in neutralizing antibodies after vaccination. The data also indicate that heterologous vaccination strategies combining the AstraZeneca DNA vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines are more effective in the induction of neutralizing antibodies compared to their homologous counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leander Sollberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Bawolt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Berens
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peđa Kovačević
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anika Trudić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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176
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Li FP, Shi GF, Lin ZZ, Zhu XL, Wang LJ, Tung TH, Zhang MX. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among hospitalized patients in China: a case-control study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2088966. [PMID: 35708313 PMCID: PMC9621078 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2088966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of confidence on the vaccination drive hinders the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among hospitalized patients in China. This case-control study was based on SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance during hospitalization. From April to June 2021, hospitalized patients without documented COVID-19 infection from the Department of Urology were routinely assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history of each participant was obtained from their vaccination records. Of the 405 participants, there were 37 seropositive participants (case group) and 368 seronegative participants (control group); 68 participants (16.8%) had received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including 54 who received the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine and 14 received the Sinopharm vaccine. All seropositive participants who had received one or two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were assessed for at least 16 days, while 31 (8.4%) of 368 seronegative controls who had received the vaccine were tested for 1–94 days. The overall seroconversion rate was 54.4% (37/68) in the vaccinated participants who received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for seropositivity was 6.20 (95% CI: 2.05–18.71) in those received full vaccination with two doses versus those partially vaccinated participants with one dose after adjusting for sex and age. These findings imply that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could have a protective antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ping Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gui-Feng Shi
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lin
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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177
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Zhang Y, Tan W, Lou Z, Huang B, Zhou W, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Liang H, Li N, Zhu X, Ding L, Guo Y, He Z, He Y, Wang Z, Ma B, Ma M, Zhao S, Chang Z, Zhao X, Zheng X, Wu G, Wang H, Yang X. Immunogenicity Evaluating of the Multivalent COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060956. [PMID: 35746564 PMCID: PMC9228943 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused more than 286 million cases and 5.4 million deaths to date. Several strategies have been implemented globally, such as social distancing and the development of the vaccines. Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have appeared, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. With the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus and the rapidly changing mutants, the development of a broad-spectrum multivalent vaccine is considered to be the most effective way to defend against the constantly mutating virus. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the multivalent COVID-19 inactivated vaccine. Mice were immunized by multivalent COVID-19 inactivated vaccine, and the neutralizing antibodies in serum were analyzed. The results show that HB02 + Delta + Omicron trivalent vaccine could provide broad spectrum protection against HB02, Beta, Delta, and Omicron virus. Additionally, the different multivalent COVID-19 inactivated vaccines could enhance cellular immunity. Together, our findings suggest that the multivalent COVID-19 inactivated vaccine can provide broad spectrum protection against HB02 and other virus variants in humoral and cellular immunity, providing new ideas for the development of a broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China;
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; (W.T.); (B.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; (W.T.); (B.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weimin Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; (W.T.); (B.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongyang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Na Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ling Ding
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yancen Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhenyu He
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yao He
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bo Ma
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Meng Ma
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Suhua Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhen Chang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xue Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; (W.T.); (B.H.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (H.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (N.L.); (X.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (H.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China;
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (H.W.); (X.Y.)
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178
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Kovpak AA, Piniaeva AN, Gerasimov OA, Tcelykh IO, Ermakova MY, Zyrina AN, Danilov DV, Ivin YY, Kozlovskaya LI, Ishmukhametov AA. Methodology of Purification of Inactivated Cell-Culture-Grown SARS-CoV-2 Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060949. [PMID: 35746557 PMCID: PMC9228843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of COVID-19 vaccines, including adenovirus, mRNA, and inactivated ones, have been developed and approved for clinical use worldwide. Inactivated vaccines are produced using a proven technology that is widely used for the production of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including influenza and poliomyelitis. The development of inactivated whole-virion vaccines commonly includes several stages: the production of cellular and viral biomass in cell culture; inactivation of the virus; filtration and ultrafiltration; chromatographic purification of the viral antigen; and formulation with stabilizers and adjuvants. In this study, the suitability of four resins for Size-Exclusion Chromatography was investigated for the purification of a viral antigen for the human COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Oleg A. Gerasimov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Irina O. Tcelykh
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Mayya Y. Ermakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Anna N. Zyrina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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179
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Bommireddy R, Stone S, Bhatnagar N, Kumari P, Munoz LE, Oh J, Kim KH, Berry JTL, Jacobsen KM, Jaafar L, Naing SH, Blackerby AN, der Gaag TV, Wright CN, Lai L, Pack CD, Ramachandiran S, Suthar MS, Kang SM, Kumar M, Reddy SJC, Selvaraj P. Influenza Virus-like Particle-Based Hybrid Vaccine Containing RBD Induces Immunity against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:944. [PMID: 35746552 PMCID: PMC9230705 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several approaches have produced an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since millions of people are exposed to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, it is of great interest to develop a two-in-one vaccine that will be able to protect against infection of both viruses. We have developed a hybrid vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses using influenza virus-like particles (VLP) incorporated by protein transfer with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored SARS-CoV-2 RBD fused to GM-CSF as an adjuvant. GPI-RBD-GM-CSF fusion protein was expressed in CHO-S cells, purified and incorporated onto influenza VLPs to develop the hybrid vaccine. Our results show that the hybrid vaccine induced a strong antibody response and protected mice from both influenza virus and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 challenges, with vaccinated mice having significantly lower lung viral titers compared to naive mice. These results suggest that a hybrid vaccine strategy is a promising approach for developing multivalent vaccines to prevent influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramireddy Bommireddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.B.); (L.E.M.); (J.T.L.B.)
| | - Shannon Stone
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (N.B.); (J.O.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Luis E. Munoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.B.); (L.E.M.); (J.T.L.B.)
| | - Judy Oh
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (N.B.); (J.O.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (N.B.); (J.O.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jameson T. L. Berry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.B.); (L.E.M.); (J.T.L.B.)
| | - Kristen M. Jacobsen
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Lahcen Jaafar
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Swe-Htet Naing
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Allison N. Blackerby
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Tori Van der Gaag
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Chloe N. Wright
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Christopher D. Pack
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Sampath Ramachandiran
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (N.B.); (J.O.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaker J. C. Reddy
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA; (K.M.J.); (L.J.); (S.-H.N.); (A.N.B.); (T.V.d.G.); (C.N.W.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.); (S.J.C.R.)
| | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.B.); (L.E.M.); (J.T.L.B.)
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Al Kaabi N, Oulhaj A, Ganesan S, Al Hosani FI, Najim O, Ibrahim H, Acuna J, Alsuwaidi AR, Kamour AM, Alzaabi A, Al Shehhi BA, Al Safar H, Hussein SE, Abdalla JS, Al Mansoori DSN, Al Hammadi AAK, Amari MA, Al Romaithi AK, Weber S, Elavalli S, Eltantawy I, Alghaithi NK, Al Azazi JN, Holt SG, Mostafa M, Halwani R, Khalak H, Elamin W, Beiram R, Zaher W. Effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV vaccine against severe outcomes of COVID-19 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3215. [PMID: 35680857 PMCID: PMC9184465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the inactivated BBIBP-CorV vaccine against severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization, critical care admission and death due to COVID-19) and its long-term effectiveness have not been well characterized among the general population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records of 3,147,869 adults, of which 1,099,886 vaccinated individuals were matched, in a 1:1 ratio to 1,099,886 unvaccinated persons. A Cox-proportional hazard model with time varying coefficients was used to assess the vaccine effectiveness adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, ethnicity, and the calendar month of entry into the study. Our analysis showed that the effectiveness was 79.6% (95% CI, 77.7 to 81.3) against hospitalization, 86% (95% CI, 82.2 to 89.0) against critical care admission, and 84.1% (95% CI, 70.8 to 91.3) against death due to COVID-19. The effectiveness against these severe outcomes declined over time indicating the need for booster doses to increase protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City SEHA, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Research and Data Intelligence Support Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Subhashini Ganesan
- G42 Healthcare, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- IROS (Insights Research Organization & Solutions), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Omer Najim
- Department of Health (DOH), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Halah Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Juan Acuna
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research and Data Intelligence Support Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Ashraf Alzaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Habiba Al Safar
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Emirates Bio-Research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Weber
- Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases (RLID) and Union 71, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Islam Eltantawy
- IROS (Insights Research Organization & Solutions), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Jumana Nafiz Al Azazi
- Abu Dhabi Health Services Company- SEHA, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Abu Dhabi Executive Office, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Rabih Halwani
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | | | - Rami Beiram
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Walid Zaher
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- G42 Healthcare, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- IROS (Insights Research Organization & Solutions), Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in a population with and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:731-739. [PMID: 35676470 PMCID: PMC9177345 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate IgG production in a group of vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects previously infected, or not, with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A total of 316 subjects were enrolled at different times after vaccination and/or infection. IgG against target S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-COV-2 was assessed by a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Participant data was collected using a clinical-epidemiological survey. RESULTS A total of 56.2% (n = 146) of our cohort was vaccinated, with 27.5% (n = 36) reporting a previous infection. Of these, all were IgG positive at the time of the study, regardless of gender, age category, vaccine type, and elapsed time since vaccination. The vaccinated group without a previous infection (72.5%, n = 95) showed a slightly lower IgG seropositivity and median values, overall, although significantly higher in females and lower with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. Vaccinated subjects above the age of 65 showed a trend towards higher median IgG values (13,911.0 AU/mL), when previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, but comparatively lower IgG median value (5158.7 AU/mL) in its absence. In all vaccinated groups, IgG antibody production increased at 1-2 weeks, peaking at 4-6 weeks. Afterward, IgG decreased progressively but almost all subjects (97.7%, n = 128) were seropositive for the remainder of our study. Fully vaccinated individuals with a past infection showed a lower IgG rate of decrease versus their uninfected counterparts (17.9 vs 22.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a higher effect of vaccination on the production IgG antibodies, as opposed to natural infection. Nonetheless, in general, antibody titers waned rapidly.
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Zhu Y, Lu Y, Zhou C, Tong G, Gao M, Zhan Y, Wang Y, Liang R, Li Y, Gao T, Wang L, Zhang M, Cheng J, Gong J, Wang J, Zhang W, Qi J, Cui M, Zhu L, Xiao F, Zhu L, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Zhou Z, Cheng Z, Hong P. Association of neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 with inoculation orders of heterologous prime-boost vaccines. MED 2022; 3:568-578.e3. [PMID: 35679856 PMCID: PMC9181311 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination as a superior strategy than homologous schedules. Animal experiments and clinical observations have shown enhanced antibody response against influenza variants after heterologous vaccination; however, whether the inoculation order of COVID-19 vaccines in a prime-boost schedule affects antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants is not clear. Methods We conducted immunological analyses in a cohort of health care workers (n = 486) recently vaccinated by three types of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines under homologous or heterologous prime-boost schedules. Antibody response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) was assessed by total antibody measurements, surrogate virus neutralization tests, and pseudovirus neutralization assays (PNA). Furthermore, serum neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern was also measured by PNA. Findings We observed strongest serum neutralization activity against the widely circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.617.2 among recipients of heterologous BBIBP-CorV/CoronaVac and WIBP-CorV/CoronaVac. In contrast, recipients of CoronaVac/BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac/WIBP-CorV showed significantly lower B.1.617.2 neutralization titers than recipients of reverse schedules. Laboratory tests revealed that neutralizing activity against common variants but not the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was associated with the inoculation order of heterologous prime-boost vaccines. Multivariable regression analyses confirmed this association after adjusting for known confounders. Conclusions Our data provide clinical evidence of inoculation order-dependent expansion of neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 in recipients of heterologous prime-boost vaccination and call for further studies into its underlying mechanism. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, National Development and Re-form Commission of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, and US Department of Veterans Affairs. Many people around the world have received different types of COVID-19 vaccines in their two-dose vaccination schedules for various reasons. However, it is not clear whether the inoculation order of such heterologous vaccines was associated with subsequent immune responses. Here, an international team of physicians and scientists from China and the United States studied a cohort of healthcare workers who were among the earliest recipients of heterologous COVID-19 vaccination. The authors found that the inoculation order of heterologous vaccines was associated with the capability of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants but not the original strain that the vaccines were based on. The results suggested that using heterologous booster vaccines with high potency could be a cost-efficient way to elicit protective immunity against future variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Center for Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caili Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Gao
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Sport Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Ran Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Tianjiao Gao
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Muyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Research Affairs, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Research Affairs, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhua Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Longchao Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Linyu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Research Affairs, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Center for Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhengjiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Hong
- Center for Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Division of Research and Development, US Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Kaabi NA, Yang YK, Zhang J, Xu K, Liang Y, Kang Y, Su JG, Yang T, Hussein S, ElDein MS, Shao S, Yang SS, Lei W, Gao XJ, Jiang Z, Wang H, Li M, Mekki HM, Zaher W, Mahmoud S, Zhang X, Qu C, Liu DY, Zhang J, Yang M, Eltantawy I, Xiao P, Wang ZN, Yin JL, Mao XY, Zhang J, Liu N, Shen FJ, Qu L, Zhang YT, Yang XM, Wu G, Li QM. Immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-07 as a heterologous booster after priming with BBIBP-CorV: a phase 2 trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:172. [PMID: 35665745 PMCID: PMC9167817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breakthrough cases pose the need of booster vaccination. We conducted a randomised, double-blinded, controlled, phase 2 trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the heterologous prime-boost vaccination with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) followed by a recombinant protein-based vaccine (NVSI-06-07), using homologous boost with BBIBP-CorV as control. Three groups of healthy adults (600 individuals per group) who had completed two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccinations 1-3 months, 4-6 months and ≥6 months earlier, respectively, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either NVSI-06-07 or BBIBP-CorV boost. Immunogenicity assays showed that in NVSI-06-07 groups, neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) against the prototype SARS-CoV-2 increased by 21.01-63.85 folds on day 28 after vaccination, whereas only 4.20-16.78 folds of increases were observed in control groups. For Omicron variant, the neutralizing antibody GMT elicited by homologous boost was 37.91 on day 14, however, a significantly higher neutralizing GMT of 292.53 was induced by heterologous booster. Similar results were obtained for other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs), including Alpha, Beta and Delta. Both heterologous and homologous boosters have a good safety profile. Local and systemic adverse reactions were absent, mild or moderate in most participants, and the overall safety was quite similar between two booster schemes. Our findings indicated that NVSI-06-07 is safe and immunogenic as a heterologous booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients and was immunogenically superior to the homologous booster against not only SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain but also VOCs, including Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yun Kai Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Kang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Guo Su
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Salah Hussein
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shuai Shao
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Sen Yang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Lei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jun Gao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Beijing Key Tech Statistical Consulting Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | | | - Walid Zaher
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Xue Zhang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Qu
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ying Liu
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | | | - Peng Xiao
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zhao Nian Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liang Yin
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yan Mao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Jie Shen
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Qu
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tao Zhang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Ming Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Ming Li
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China.
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Neil JA, Griffith M, Godfrey DI, Purcell DFJ, Deliyannis G, Jackson D, Rockman S, Subbarao K, Nolan T. Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1055-1070. [PMID: 35652289 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models provide critical data in vaccine development. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. AREAS COVERED A critical synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development with a focus on challenge studies in NHPs is provided. The benefits and drawbacks of the NHP models are discussed. The citations were selected by the authors based on PubMed searches of the literature, summaries from national public health bodies, and press-release information provided by vaccine developers. EXPERT OPINION We identify several aspects of NHP models that limit their usefulness for vaccine-challenge studies and numerous variables that constrain comparisons across vaccine platforms. We propose that studies conducted in NHPs for vaccine development should use a standardized protocol and, where possible, be substituted with smaller animal models. This will ensure continued rapid progression of vaccines to clinical trials without compromising assessments of safety or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryanne Griffith
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Seqirus, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Chen Y, Liu Q, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Yan H, Lan K. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Why, how, and what's next? CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100029. [PMID: 37193049 PMCID: PMC9057926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a striking threat to human society. More than 30 mutations in the Spike protein of the Omicron variant severely compromised the protective immunity elicited by either vaccination or prior infection. The persistent viral evolutionary trajectory generates Omicron-associated lineages, such as BA.1 and BA.2. Moreover, the virus recombination upon Delta and Omicron co-infections has been reported lately, although the impact remains to be assessed. This minireview summarizes the characteristics, evolution and mutation control, and immune evasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 variants, which will be helpful for the in-depth understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 variants and policy-making related to COVID-19 pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qianyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Mahmoud S, Ganesan S, Al Kaabi N, Naik S, Elavalli S, Gopinath P, Ali AM, Bazzi L, Warren K, Zaher WA, Hosani FA. Immune response of booster doses of BBIBP-CORV vaccines against the variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Virol 2022; 150-151:105161. [PMID: 35439702 PMCID: PMC9005219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Booster doses for COVID-19 vaccinations are currently recommended and approved in many countries. However, we need more evidence on the immune response of individuals to booster doses of inactivated vaccines and the neutralizing effect against the variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2. Objective To compare the fold reduction in antibody titers against the variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2 between the primary doses and booster dose vaccine cohorts of inactivated BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Study design In this observational study Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) assay was done on pooled serum samples of the recipients of primary two doses of inactivated BBIBP-CorV and on the pooled serum samples of recipients of a booster dose of inactive BBIBP-CorV. The neutralizing antibody titers against the wild (Wuhan) strain and the variants of concern (alpha, beta and delta) were compared. Results The serum sample pool from the booster cohort had high neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to the pooled serum samples of the recipients of primary two doses of inactivated BBIBP-CorV and the difference was statistically significant. The observed fold reduction in antibody titers from the serum pool of recipients of two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine were 3.7-fold, 14.6-fold and 10.4-fold compared to 1.8 -fold, 6.5-fold and 3.8-fold reduction against the alpha, beta and delta lineages respectively in the serum pool of recipient of a booster dose (three doses of BBIBP-CorV). Conclusion Booster doses of inactive BBIBP-CORV offered better protection against the variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhashini Ganesan
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE; IROS (Insights Research Organization & Solutions), Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Nawal Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Walid Abbas Zaher
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; IROS (Insights Research Organization & Solutions), Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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187
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Lu M, Liu K, Peng Y, Ding Z, Li Y, Tendu A, Hu X, Gao G, Guo W, Liu H, Rao J, Zhao J, Chen M, Yuan Z, Wong G, Shan C, Yao Y, Lan J. Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine expressing the spike protein provides effective and lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Virol Sin 2022; 37:581-590. [PMID: 35659605 PMCID: PMC9156438 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health threat. Vaccines are considered amongst the most important tools to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As expected, deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection have dropped dramatically with widespread vaccination. However, there are concerns over the duration of vaccine-induced protection, as well as their effectiveness against emerging variants of concern. Here, we constructed a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing the full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2 (AdC68-S). Rapid and high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were observed after immunization of C57BL/6J mice with one or two doses of AdC68-S. Notably, neutralizing antibodies were observed up to at least six months after vaccination, without substantial decline. Single or double doses AdC68-S immunization resulted in lower viral loads in lungs of mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge both in the short term (21 days) and long-term (6 months). Histopathological examination of AdC68-S immunized mice lungs showed mild histological abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates the efficacy and durability of the AdC68-S vaccine and constitutes a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alexander Tendu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Juhong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jiaming Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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An Integrative Analysis of the Immune Features of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060878. [PMID: 35746486 PMCID: PMC9231306 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, an inactivated vaccine has been widely used with encouraging results as a prophylactic agent against COVID-19 infection, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. However, in vitro SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific immune features remain elusive, hindering the promotion of a third dose of the vaccine. Here, we present a detailed in vitro immune cellular response and large-scale multi-omics analysis for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from participants vaccinated with CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China) and recovered participants from COVID-19. The mean titers of SARS-CoV-2 serum-neutralizing antibodies were significantly increased after the boosting immunization (Day 45) compared to the unimmunized state. We observed that type-1 helper T cells (Th1) tended to dominate after the first dose of vaccine, while humoral immune responses became dominant after the second dose due to the activation of type-2 helper T cell (Th2), memory B cells, and plasmablasts. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) involved in antibody production were activated after the first dose and were maintained for the observed time points. Single-cell RNA sequencing of PBMCs revealed specific changes in cell compositions and gene expression in immunized participants. Multi-omics analysis also demonstrated that CoronaVac-specific serum proteins, plasma metabolites, and plasma lipid changes were skewed to those changes in convalescent patients. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive understanding of CoronaVac-specific in vitro immune features.
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189
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Deodhar A, Bhana S, Winthrop K, Gensler LS. COVID-19 Outcomes and Vaccination in Patients with Spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:993-1016. [PMID: 35598255 PMCID: PMC9124289 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to widespread infection throughout the world. Concerns and challenges regarding COVID-19 illness have emerged for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), who receive treatment with biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), because this population is vulnerable to infections and has a high prevalence of risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 illness. Available data on COVID-19 indicate that patients with SpA who are treated with DMARDs have SARS-CoV-2 infection rates comparable with those in the general population, with similar increased risk associated with older age and comorbidities. Novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are approved or authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration, and others are in development to prevent infection and serious illness. This review provides an overview of SpA, the mechanism of action for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical course of COVID-19, and the vaccines approved for, or in development against, SARS-CoV-2. Detailed information on the use of established vaccines in patients with SpA receiving DMARDs is provided, along with recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination. Available evidence has shown COVID-19 vaccination in patients with SpA, among other rheumatic diseases, to be safe and effective with most DMARD use; however, there is evidence of potential interference with some therapies used in SpA. Healthcare providers should educate patients to provide the knowledge and confidence to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, since the potential benefit outweighs the low risk of vaccine-related adverse events.
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190
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y, Pan Q. Advances in Vaccine Development of the Emerging Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916290. [PMID: 35669788 PMCID: PMC9163660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as “Angara disease.” It was later reported in China, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, Canada, and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection, has emerged in most provinces of China. The novel virus FAdV-4 spread rapidly and induced a 30-100% mortality rate, causing huge economic losses and threatening the green and healthy poultry breeding industry. Vaccines against FAdV-4, especially the emerging novel genotype, play a critical role and will be the most efficient tool for preventing and controlling HHS. Various types of FAdV-4 vaccines have been developed and evaluated, such as inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, and combined vaccines. They have made great contributions to the control of HHS, but the details of cross-protection within FAdVs and the immunogenicity of different vaccines require further investigation. This review highlights the recent advances in developing the FAdV-4 vaccine and promising new vaccines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
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191
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Tawinprai K, Siripongboonsitti T, Porntharukchareon T, Vanichsetakul P, Thonginnetra S, Niemsorn K, Promsena P, Tandhansakul M, Kasemlawan N, Ruangkijpaisal N, Banomyong N, Phattraprayoon N, Ungtrakul T, Wittayasak K, Thonwirak N, Soonklang K, Sornsamdang G, Mahanonda N. Safety and Immunogenicity of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years in the Thai Population: An Immunobridging Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050807. [PMID: 35632562 PMCID: PMC9143729 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents can develop a severe form of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially with underlying comorbidities. No study has examined the efficacy or effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents. This single-center, prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents using the immunobridging approach at Chulabhorn Hospital. The key eligibility criterion was a healthy clinical condition or stable pre-existing comorbidity. The anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) antibody concentration at 4 weeks after dose 2 of the vaccine was compared between participants aged 12 to 17 years and those aged 18 to 30 years. Safety profiles included adverse events within 7 days after each dose of the vaccine and any adverse events through 1 month after dose 2 of the vaccine. In the adolescent and adult cohorts, the geometric mean concentration of anti-RBD antibody was 102.9 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL (95% CI, 91.0−116.4) and 36.9 BAU/mL (95% CI, 30.9−44.0), respectively. The geometric mean ratio of the adolescent cohort was 2.79 (95% CI, 2.25−3.46, p < 0.0001) compared with the adult cohort, meeting the non-inferiority criterion. The reactogenicity was slightly lower in the adolescent than in the adult cohort. No serious adverse events occurred. The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine appears safe and effective in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.P.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Thachanun Porntharukchareon
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Preeda Vanichsetakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Saraiorn Thonginnetra
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Krongkwan Niemsorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Pathariya Promsena
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Manunya Tandhansakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Naruporn Kasemlawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Natthanan Ruangkijpaisal
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Narin Banomyong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (P.V.); (S.T.); (K.N.); (P.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (N.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nanthida Phattraprayoon
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (N.P.); (T.U.)
| | - Teerapat Ungtrakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (N.P.); (T.U.)
| | - Kasiruck Wittayasak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn’s 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (K.W.); (N.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Nawarat Thonwirak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn’s 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (K.W.); (N.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn’s 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (K.W.); (N.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Gaidganok Sornsamdang
- Central Laboratory Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
| | - Nithi Mahanonda
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.P.); (N.M.)
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192
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Li C, Guo Y, Fang Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen K. Analysis of the Protective Efficacy of Approved COVID-19 Vaccines Against Various Mutants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804945. [PMID: 35572594 PMCID: PMC9095899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global public health security because of its high pathogenicity and infectivity. To date, the pathogenic mechanism of this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is still unclear, and there is no effective treatment. As one of the most effective strategies to prevent viral infection, vaccines have become a research hotspot. Based on the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the research and development of its vaccines cover almost all forms of current vaccine research, including inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Moreover, with the spread of the new mutant virus, it is necessary to evaluate the protection rate of previous administered vaccines. This article reviews the candidate targets, vaccine types, research and development status, progress of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 mutants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529) induced by these vaccines, to provide a reference for follow-up research and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Guo
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbiao Fang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Zhejiang Shuren College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Virus Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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193
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Sabitha S, Shobana N, Prakash P, Padmanaban S, Sathiyashree M, Saigeetha S, Chakravarthi S, Uthaman S, Park IK, Samrot AV. A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050737. [PMID: 35632493 PMCID: PMC9145217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an unknown viral infection emerged and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. This novel virus caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused 6.25 millions of deaths worldwide and remains a major concern for health, society, and the economy. As vaccination is one of the most efficient ways to combat this pandemic, different vaccines were developed in a short period. This review article discusses how coronavirus affected the top nations of the world and the vaccines being used for the prevention. Amongst the vaccines, some vaccines have already been approved, and some have been involved in clinical studies. The article also provides insight into different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, their preparation, working, efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Sabitha
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Nagarajan Shobana
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandurangan Prakash
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
| | - Mahendran Sathiyashree
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Subramanian Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur 600073, India
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
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194
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Li M, Wang H, Tian L, Pang Z, Yang Q, Huang T, Fan J, Song L, Tong Y, Fan H. COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:146. [PMID: 35504917 PMCID: PMC9062866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC), the implementation of vaccination is critically important. Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and mRNA vaccines may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses and germinal center responses, and form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some viral vector or mRNA vaccines may be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia and myocarditis, raising concerns about the safety of these COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we systemically assess the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, including the possible complications and different effects on pregnant women, the elderly, people with immune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, and cancer patients. Based on the current analysis, governments and relevant agencies are recommended to continue to advance the vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should be paid to the health status of the vaccines, timely treatment of complications, vaccine development, and ensuring the lives and health of patients. In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new vaccines like nanoparticle vaccines, and optimizing immune adjuvant to improve vaccine safety and efficacy could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehan Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingkun Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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195
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Deng Y, Li J, Sun C, Chi H, Luo D, Wang R, Qiu H, Zhang Y, Wu M, Zhang X, Huang X, Xie L, Qin C. Rational Development of a Polysaccharide-Protein-Conjugated Nanoparticle Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Streptococcus pneumoniae. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200443. [PMID: 35332581 PMCID: PMC9073961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions of deaths worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) remains a major cause of mortality in underdeveloped countries. A vaccine that prevents both SARS-CoV-2 and S. pneumoniae infection represents a long-sought "magic bullet". Herein, a nanoparticle vaccine, termed SCTV01B, is rationally developed by using the capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (PPS14) as the backbone to conjugate with the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The final formulation of conjugated nanoparticles in the network structure exhibits high thermal stability. Immunization with SCTV01B induces potent humoral and Type 1/Type 2 T helper cell (Th1/Th2) cellular immune responses in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. In particular, SCTV01B-immunized serum not only broadly cross-neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including the most recent Omicron variant, but also shows high opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) against S. pneumoniae serotype 14. Finally, SCTV01B vaccination confers protection against challenges with the SARS-CoV-2 mouse-adapted strain and the original strain in established murine models. Collectively, these promising preclinical results support further clinical evaluation of SCTV01B, highlighting the potency of polysaccharide-RBD-conjugated nanoparticle vaccine platforms for the development of vaccines for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Deng
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Chunyun Sun
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Hang Chi
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Hongying Qiu
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering CenterSinocelltech Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- Department of VirologyState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071P. R. China
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100071P. R. China
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196
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Sadeghalvad M, Mansourabadi AH, Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Masoomikarimi M, Alimohammadi M, Rezaei N. Recent developments in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review of the current studies. Rev Med Virol 2022; 33:e2359. [PMID: 35491495 PMCID: PMC9348268 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Designing and manufacturing efficient vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major objective. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the most important vaccines under construction worldwide, their efficiencies and clinical results in healthy individuals and in those with specific underlying diseases. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Sciences by 1 December 2021 to identify published research studies. The inclusion criteria were publications that evaluated the immune responses and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in healthy individuals and in those with pre-existing diseases. We also searched the VAERS database to estimate the incidence of adverse events of special interest (AESI) post COVID-19 vaccination. Almost all investigated vaccines were well tolerated and developed good levels of both humoural and cellular responses. A protective and efficient humoural immune response develops after the second or third dose of vaccine and a longer interval (about 28 days) between the first and second injections of vaccine could induce higher antibody responses. The vaccines were less immunogenic in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with haematological malignancies. In addition, we found that venous and arterial thrombotic events, Bell's palsy, and myocarditis/pericarditis were the most common AESI. The results showed the potency of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to protect subjects against disease. The provision of further effective and safe vaccines is necessary in order to reach a high coverage of immunisation programs across the globe and to provide protection against infection itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Urology Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran,School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoomeh Masoomikarimi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Alimohammadi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran,Research Center for ImmunodeficienciesChildren's Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran,Research Center for ImmunodeficienciesChildren's Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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197
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Khoshnood S, Arshadi M, Akrami S, Koupaei M, Ghahramanpour H, Shariati A, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. An overview on inactivated and live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24418. [PMID: 35421266 PMCID: PMC9102488 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After about 2 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first infections were detected in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which was followed by a worldwide pandemic with a record of 5.41 million deaths. Due to urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attempts for producing efficient vaccines are inexhaustibly continuing. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) on COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, there are 149 vaccine candidates all over the world. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as a conventional vaccine platform consist of whole virus particles grown in cell culture and inactivated by chemicals. Because of benefits such as antigenic similarity to real virion inducing humoral and cellular immune responses and ease for transport and storage, these vaccines, including the vaccines produced by Bharat Biotech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac, are in use at large scales. In this study, we have a review on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, population which was included in the trials, vaccine producers, the efficiency, adverse effects, and components of vaccines, and other vaccine features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Maniya Arshadi
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research CenterHealth Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Sousan Akrami
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of BacteriologyFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research CenterKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | | | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory SciencesSchool of Paramedical SciencesSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
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198
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Hosseinzadeh R, Barary M, Mehdinezhad H, Sio TT, Langer F, Khosravi S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia After Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccination. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12750. [PMID: 35769629 PMCID: PMC9210570 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe side effects after vaccination with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are rare but can be fatal. To date, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) cases have been reported after injection of mRNA and adenoviral vectors COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we report the second suspected case of VITT after vaccination with the Sinopharm vaccine, an inactive vaccine. Key Clinical Question The Key Clinical Question was to determine whether inactivated COVID-19 vaccines could induce VITT and how to diagnose and treat such cases. Clinical Approach and Conclusions Our patient developed deteriorating symptoms the day after vaccination and was admitted to the emergency department on day 5 after vaccination. After performing laboratory analysis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia was suggested, further confirmed by highly positive anti-heparin-platelet factor 4 antibodies assay and color Doppler ultrasonography. He was then treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and nonheparin anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Virtual School of Medical Education and ManagementShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mehdinezhad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation OncologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Florian Langer
- Zentrum für Onkologie, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Sahar Khosravi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
- HSCT and Cancer Research Center of Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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199
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Lee JK, Shin OS. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms: how novel platforms can prepare us for future pandemics: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 39:89-97. [PMID: 35152616 PMCID: PMC8913917 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2021.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 years after the explosion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, extensive efforts have been made to develop safe and efficacious vaccines against infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The pandemic has opened a new era of vaccine development based on next-generation platforms, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based technologies, and paved the way for the future of mRNA-based therapeutics to provide protection against a wide range of infectious diseases. Multiple vaccines have been developed at an unprecedented pace to protect against COVID-19 worldwide. However, important knowledge gaps remain to be addressed, especially in terms of how vaccines induce immunogenicity and efficacy in those who are elderly. Here, we discuss the various vaccine platforms that have been utilized to combat COVID-19 and emphasize how these platforms can be a powerful tool to react quickly to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Ok Sarah Shin, MD Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea Tel: +82-2-2626-3280 • Fax: +82-2-2626-1962 • E-mail:
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200
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Luan N, Li T, Wang Y, Cao H, Yin X, Lin K, Liu C. Th2-Oriented Immune Serum After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Does Not Enhance Infection In Vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882856. [PMID: 35464483 PMCID: PMC9024142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively lower protection rate of the alum-adjuvanted inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines reminds us of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon observed in preclinical studies during the development of vaccines for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1). In this study, using the S1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 virus as an antigen and aluminum as an adjuvant, the risk of ADE of infection with T helper 2 (Th2)-oriented immune serum from mice (N=6) and humans (N=5) was examined in immune cell lines, which show different expression patterns of Fc receptors. Neither the immune serum from alum-adjuvanted S1 subunit vaccines nor inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination enhanced SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped virus infection in any of the tested cell lines in vitro. Because both of these Th2-oriented immune sera could block SARS-CoV-2 infection without ADE of infection, we speculate that the lower protection rate of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may be attributed to the lower neutralizing antibody titers induced or the pulmonary eosinophilic immunopathology accompanied by eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs upon virus exposure. Adjustment of the immunization schedule to elevate the neutralizing antibody levels and skew adjuvants toward Th1-oriented responses may be considered to increase the efficacies of both inactivated and spike protein-based subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Han Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Kangyang Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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