151
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Singh S, Garg N, Dhiman S. Apoptotic Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease: Probing Therapeutic Potential. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3103-3122. [PMID: 34386919 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an intrinsic biochemical, cellular process that regulates cell death and is crucial for cell survival, cellular homeostasis, and maintaining the optimum functional status. Apoptosis in a predetermined and programmed manner regulates several molecular events, including cell turnover, embryonic development, and immune system functions but may be the exclusive contributor to several disorders, including neurodegenerative manifestations, when it functions in an aberrant and disorganized manner. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal, chronic neurodegenerative disorder where apoptosis has a compelling and divergent role. The well-characterized pathological features of AD, including extracellular plaques of amyloid-beta, intracellular hyperphosphorylated tangles of tau protein (NFTs), inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxic cell death, also instigate an abnormal apoptotic cascade in susceptible brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus). The apoptotic players in these regions affect cellular organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), interact with trophic factors, and several pathways, including PI3K/AKT, JNK, MAPK, mTOR signalling. This dysregulated apoptotic cascade end with an abnormal neuronal loss which is a primary event that may precede the other events of AD progression and correlates well with the degree of dementia. The present review provides insight into the diverse and versatile apoptotic mechanisms that are indispensable for neuronal survival and constitute an integral part of the pathological progression of AD. Identification of potential targets (restoring apoptotic and antiapoptotic balance, caspases, TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, TNFα, etc.) may be valuable and advantageous to decide the fate of neurons and to develop potential therapeutics for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.,Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | | | - Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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152
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Alvim MKM, Morita-Sherman ME, Yasuda CL, Rocha NP, Vieira ÉL, Pimentel-Silva LR, Henrique Nogueira M, Barbosa R, Watanabe N, Coan AC, Lopes-Cendes I, Teixeira AL, Cendes F. Inflammatory and neurotrophic factor plasma levels are related to epilepsy independently of etiology. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2385-2394. [PMID: 34331458 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays an essential role in epilepsy. Studies indicate that cytokines and neurotrophic factors can act in neuroexcitability and epileptogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma inflammatory and neurotrophic markers, seizure frequency, and chronic epilepsy subtypes. METHODS We studied 446 patients with epilepsy and 166 healthy controls. We classified patients according to etiology and seizure frequency. We measured plasma levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFr1), sTNFr2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophic factor 3 (NT3), NT4/5, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or cytometric bead array. RESULTS The plasma levels of BDNF, NT3, NGF, and sTNFr2 were higher, whereas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα, CNTF, and sTNFr1 were lower in patients than controls. IL1, GDNF, and NT4/5 were similar between groups. These markers did not correlate with age, sex, and epilepsy duration. The molecule sTNFr2 was the best marker to discriminate patients from controls (area under the curve = .857), also differing between patients with frequent and infrequent seizures. SIGNIFICANCE This large cohort confirmed that patients with epilepsy have abnormal levels of plasma inflammatory and neurotrophic markers independent of the underlying etiology. Plasma level of sTNFr2 was related to seizure frequency and discriminated people with or without epilepsy with good accuracy, making it a potential biomarker for epilepsy and seizure burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natália P Rocha
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érica L Vieira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio L Teixeira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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153
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Kharrati-Koopaee H, Ebrahimie E, Dadpasand M, Niazi A, Tian R, Esmailizadeh A. Gene network analysis to determine the effect of hypoxia-associated genes on brain damages and tumorigenesis using an avian model. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:100. [PMID: 34236536 PMCID: PMC8266987 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia refers to the condition of low oxygen pressure in the atmosphere and characterization of response to hypoxia as a biological complex puzzle, is challenging. Previously, we carried out a comparative genomic study by whole genome resequencing of highland and lowland Iranian native chickens to identify genomic variants associated with hypoxia conditions. Based on our previous findings, we used chicken as a model and the identified hypoxia-associated genes were converted to human's orthologs genes to construct the informative gene network. The main goal of this study was to visualize the features of diseases due to hypoxia-associated genes by gene network analysis. RESULTS It was found that hypoxia-associated genes contained several gene networks of disorders such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, cardiomyopathy, drug toxicity, and cancers. We found that biological pathways are involved in mitochondrion dysfunctions including peroxynitrous acid production denoted in brain injuries. Lewy body and neuromelanin were reported as key symptoms in Parkinson disease. Furthermore, calmodulin, and amyloid precursor protein were detected as leader proteins in Alzheimer's diseases. Dexamethasone was reported as the candidate toxic drug under the hypoxia condition that implicates diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurotoxicity. Our results suggested DNA damages caused by the high doses of UV radiation in high-altitude conditions, were associated with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that hypoxia-associated genes were enriched in several gene networks of disorders including Parkinson, Alzheimer, cardiomyopathy, drug toxicity, and different types of cancers. Furthermore, we suggested, UV radiation and low oxygen conditions in high-altitude regions may be responsible for the variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kharrati-Koopaee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad Dadpasand
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rugang Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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154
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Chen B, Gurung C, Guo J, Kwon C, Guo YL. Pluripotent stem cells are insensitive to the cytotoxicity of TNFα and IFNγ. Reproduction 2021; 160:547-560. [PMID: 32698161 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have an underdeveloped innate immune system, but the biological implications of this finding are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the responses of mouse ESCs (mESCs) and mESC differentiated fibroblasts (mESC-FBs) to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferons (IFNs). Our data revealed that TNFα, IFNα, IFNβ, or IFNγ alone do not cause apparent effects on mESCs and mESC-FBs, but the combination of TNFα and IFNγ (TNFα/IFNγ) showed toxicity to mESC-FBs as indicated by cell cycle inhibition and reduced cell viability, correlating with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, none of these effects were observed in mESCs that were treated with TNFα/IFNγ. Furthermore, mESC-FBs, but not mESCs, are vulnerable to cytotoxicity resulting from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. The insensitivity of mESCs to cytotoxicity in all cases is correlated with their lack of responses to TNFα and IFNγ. Similar to mESCs, human ESCs (hESCs) and iPSCs (hiPSCs) do not respond to TNFα and are not susceptible to the cytotoxicity of TNFα, IFNβ, or IFNγ alone or in combination that significantly affects human foreskin fibroblast (hFBs) and Hela cells. However, unlike mESCs, hESCs and hiPSCs can respond to IFNγ, but this does not cause significant cytotoxicity in hESCs and hiPSCs. Our findings in both mouse and human PSCs together support the hypothesis that attenuated innate immune responses could be a protective mechanism that limits immunologic cytotoxicity resulting from inflammatory and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Chandan Gurung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jason Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan-Lin Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
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155
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Pang KT, Ghim M, Liu C, Tay HM, Fhu CW, Chia RN, Qiu B, Sarathchandra P, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Wilkinson FL, Weston R, Warboys CM, Hou HW, Weinberg PD, Wang X. Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 Suppresses Endothelial Cell Activation Through ADAM10-Mediated Shedding of TNF-α Receptor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706143. [PMID: 34291056 PMCID: PMC8288075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum concentrations of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) have been reported in patients with inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of LRG1 in endothelial activation. LRG1 in endothelial cells (ECs) of arteries and serum of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. LRG1 expression in sheared and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated ECs was analyzed. The mechanistic role of LRG1 in endothelial activation was studied in vitro. Plasma of 37-week-old Lrg1 -/- mice was used to investigate causality between LRG1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding. LRG1 was highly expressed in ECs of stenotic but not normal arteries. LRG1 concentrations in serum of patients with CLI were elevated compared to healthy controls. LRG1 expression was shear dependent. It could be induced by TNF-α, and the induction of its expression was mediated by NF-κB activation. LRG1 inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling, expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and monocyte capture, firm adhesion, and transendothelial migration. Mechanistically, LRG1 exerted its function by causing the shedding of TNFR1 via the ALK5-SMAD2 pathway and the subsequent activation of ADAM10. Consistent with this mechanism, LRG1 and sTNFR1 concentrations were correlated in the serum of CLI patients. Causality between LRG1 and TNFR1 shedding was established by showing that Lrg1 -/- mice had lower plasma sTNFR1 concentrations than wild type mice. Our results demonstrate a novel role for LRG1 in endothelial activation and its potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mean Ghim
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Fhu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Ning Chia
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian H Chester
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ria Weston
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M Warboys
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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156
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Shah A, Lindquist JA, Rosendahl L, Schmitz I, Mertens PR. Novel Insights into YB-1 Signaling and Cell Death Decisions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3306. [PMID: 34282755 PMCID: PMC8269159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
YB-1 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved cold-shock domain protein family of RNA binding proteins. YB-1 is a well-known transcriptional and translational regulator, involved in cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, RNA splicing, and stress responses. Cell stress occurs in many forms, e.g., radiation, hyperthermia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by bacteria, and interferons released in response to viral infection. Binding of the latter factors to their receptors induces kinase activation, which results in the phosphorylation of YB-1. These pathways also activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a well-known transcription factor. NF-κB is upregulated following cellular stress and orchestrates inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Inflammation and cancer are known to share common mechanisms, such as the recruitment of infiltrating macrophages and development of an inflammatory microenvironment. Several recent papers elaborate the role of YB-1 in activating NF-κB and signaling cell survival. Depleting YB-1 may tip the balance from survival to enhanced apoptosis. Therefore, strategies that target YB-1 might be a viable therapeutic option to treat inflammatory diseases and improve tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneri Shah
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (L.R.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Jonathan A. Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (L.R.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Lars Rosendahl
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (L.R.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, ZKF2, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.S.); (L.R.); (P.R.M.)
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157
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Treelet transform analysis to identify clusters of systemic inflammatory variance in a population with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:45-60. [PMID: 33524553 PMCID: PMC9004489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on recovery. Single biomarker studies do not adequately reflect the major arms of immunity and their relationships to long-term outcomes. Thus, we applied treelet transform (TT) analysis to identify clusters of interrelated inflammatory markers reflecting major components of systemic immune function for which substantial variation exists among individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. METHODS Serial blood samples from 221 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI were collected over 1-6 months post-injury (n = 607 samples). Samples were assayed for 33 inflammatory markers using Millipore multiplex technology. TT was applied to standardized mean biomarker values generated to identify latent patterns of correlated markers. Treelet clusters (TC) were characterized by biomarkers related to adaptive immunity (TC1), innate immunity (TC2), soluble molecules (TC3), allergy immunity (TC4), and chemokines (TC5). For each TC, a score was generated as the linear combination of standardized biomarker concentrations and cluster load for each individual in the cohort. Ordinal logistic or linear regression was used to test associations between TC scores and 6- and 12-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and covariates. RESULTS When adjusting for clinical covariates, TC5 was significantly associated with 6-month GOS (odds ratio, OR = 1.44; p-value, p = 0.025) and 6-month DRS scores (OR = 1.46; p = 0.013). TC5 relationships were attenuated when including all TC scores in the model (GOS: OR = 1.29, p = 0.163; DRS: OR = 1.33, p = 0.100). When adjusting for all TC scores and covariates, only TC3 was associated with 6- and 12-month GOS (OR = 1.32, p = 0.041; OR = 1.39, p = 0.002) and also 6- and 12-month DRS (OR = 1.38, p = 0.016; OR = 1.58, p = 0.0002). When applying TT to inflammation markers significantly associated with 6-month GOS, multivariate modeling confirmed that TC3 remained significantly associated with GOS. Biomarker cluster membership remained consistent between the GOS-specific dendrogram and overall dendrogram. CONCLUSIONS TT effectively characterized chronic, systemic immunity among a cohort of individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. We posit that chronic chemokine levels are effector molecules propagating cellular immune dysfunction, while chronic soluble receptors are inflammatory damage readouts perpetuated, in part, by persistent dysfunctional cellular immunity to impact neuro-recovery.
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158
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Lindhout IA, Murray TE, Richards CM, Klegeris A. Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by microglia. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105117. [PMID: 34186114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the professional immune cells of the brain, which support numerous physiological processes. One of the defensive functions provided by microglia involves secretion of cytotoxins aimed at destroying invading pathogens. It is also recognized that the adverse activation of microglia in diseased brains may lead to secretion of cytotoxic molecules, which could be damaging to the surrounding cells, including neurons. Several of these toxins, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, L-glutamate, and quinolinic acid, are widely recognized and well-studied. This review is focused on a structurally diverse group of less-established microglia neurotoxins, which were selected by applying the two criteria that these molecules 1) can be released by microglia, and 2) have the potential to be directly harmful to neurons. The following 11 molecules are discussed in detail: amyloid beta peptides (Aβ); cathepsin (Cat)B and CatD; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and CXCL12 (5-67); high mobility group box (HMGB)1; lymphotoxin (LT)-α; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9; platelet-activating factor (PAF); and prolyl endopeptidase (PEP). Molecular mechanisms of their release by microglia and neurotoxicity, as well as available evidence implicating their involvement in human neuropathologies are summarized. Further studies on several of the above molecules are warranted to confirm either their microglial origin in the brain or direct neurotoxic effects. In addition, investigations into the differential secretion patterns of neurotoxins by microglia in response to diverse stimuli are required. This research could identify novel therapeutic targets for neurological disorders involving adverse microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Lindhout
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Taryn E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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159
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Baseline Values and Kinetics of IL-6, Procalcitonin, and TNF- α in Landrace-Large White Swine Anesthetized with Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6672573. [PMID: 34250089 PMCID: PMC8238574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The baseline levels of various inflammatory mediators and their changes during anesthesia in swine are not known. The aim of this animal study was to measure the baseline values and kinetics of interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy Landrace-Large White swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia. We included 8 healthy male pigs with an average weight of 19 ± 2 kg (aged 10-15 weeks) that were subjected to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia for 8 hours. Complete blood count, serum chemistry, and serum levels of interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were analyzed, and serum levels were quantified hourly. Blood was also collected for bacterial culturing. Baseline values of interleukin-6 and procalcitonin were 18 pg/ml and 21 ng/ml, respectively, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not detectable during collection of baseline samples. A statistically significant difference was observed in interleukin-6 levels between time points (p < 0.0001). Procalcitonin increased with time, but there were no significant differences between time points (p = 0.152). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased until the 3rd hour of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia, while after the 4th hour, it gradually decreased, reaching its baseline undetectable values by the 7th hour (p < 0.001). Our results can serve as the basis for further translational research.
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160
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Silvagni E, Missiroli S, Perrone M, Patergnani S, Boncompagni C, Bortoluzzi A, Govoni M, Giorgi C, Alivernini S, Pinton P, Scirè CA. From Bed to Bench and Back: TNF-α, IL-23/IL-17A, and JAK-Dependent Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Psoriatic Synovitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672515. [PMID: 34211394 PMCID: PMC8241099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease with a burdensome impact on quality of life and substantial healthcare costs. To date, pharmacological interventions with different mechanisms of action, including conventional synthetic (cs), biological (b), and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), have been proven efficacious, despite a relevant proportion of failures. The current approach in clinical practice and research is typically "predictive": the expected response is based on stratification according to clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, with a "heuristic" approach based on "trial and error". Several available therapeutic options target the TNF-α pathway, while others are directed against the IL-23/IL-17A axis. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis), instead, simultaneously block different pathways, endowing these drugs with a potentially "broad-spectrum" mechanism of action. It is not clear, however, whether targeting a specific pathway (e.g., TNF-α or the IL-23/IL-17 axis) could result in discordant effects over other approaches. In particular, in the case of "refractory to a treatment" patients, other pathways might be hyperactivated, with opposing, synergistic, or redundant biological significance. On the contrary, refractory states could be purely resistant to treatment as a whole. Since chronic synovitis is one of the primary targets of inflammation in PsA, synovial biomarkers could be useful in depicting specific biological characteristics of the inflammatory burden at the single-patient level, and despite not yet being implemented in clinical practice, these biomarkers might help in selecting the proper treatment. In this narrative review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge in the field of psoriatic synovitis regarding studies investigating the relationships among different activated proinflammatory processes suitable for targeting by different available drugs. The final objective is to clarify the state of the art in the field of personalized medicine for psoriatic disease, aiming at moving beyond the current treatment schedules toward a patient-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Silvagni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Boncompagni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bortoluzzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Scirè
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
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The immunocytokine L19-TNF eradicates sarcomas in combination with chemotherapy agents or with immune check-point inhibitors. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:799-805. [PMID: 32304410 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (also called 'immunocytokines') represent an emerging class of biopharmaceutical products, which are being considered for cancer immunotherapy. When used as single agents, pro-inflammatory immunocytokines are rarely capable of inducing complete and durable cancer regression in mouse models and in patients. However, the combination treatment with conventional chemotherapy or with other immune-stimulatory agents typically increases the therapeutic efficacy of immunocytokines. In this article, we describe combination treatments of a tumor-targeting antibody-cytokine fusion protein based on the L19 antibody (specific to a splice isoform of fibronectin) fused to murine tumor necrosis factor with standard chemotherapy (dacarbazine, trabectedin or melphalan) or with an immune check-point inhibitor (anti-PD-1) in a BALB/c derived immunocompetent murine model of sarcoma (WEHI-164). All combination treatments led to improved tumor remission compared to single-agent treatments, suggesting that these combination partners may be suitable for further clinical development in sarcoma patients.
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162
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Okoro EU. TNFα-Induced LDL Cholesterol Accumulation Involve Elevated LDLR Cell Surface Levels and SR-B1 Downregulation in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126236. [PMID: 34207810 PMCID: PMC8227244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess lipid droplets are frequently observed in arterial endothelial cells at sites of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Here, the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in modulating the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content in confluent primary human aortic endothelial cells (pHAECs) was investigated. TNFα promoted an up to 2 folds increase in cellular cholesterol, which was resistant to ACAT inhibition. The cholesterol increase was associated with increased 125I-LDL surface binding. Using the non-hydrolysable label, Dil, TNFα could induce a massive increase in Dil-LDL by over 200 folds. The elevated intracellular Dil-LDL was blocked with excess unlabeled LDL and PCSK9, but not oxidized LDL (oxLDL), or apolipoprotein (apoE) depletion. Moreover, the TNFα-induced increase of LDL-derived lipids was elevated through lysosome inhibition. Using specific LDLR antibody, the Dil-LDL accumulation was reduced by over 99%. The effects of TNFα included an LDLR cell surface increase of 138%, and very large increases in ICAM-1 total and surface proteins, respectively. In contrast, that of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) was reduced. Additionally, LDLR antibody bound rapidly in TNFα-treated cells by about 30 folds, inducing a migrating shift in the LDLR protein. The effect of TNFα on Dil-LDL accumulation was inhibited by the antioxidant tetramethythiourea (TMTU) dose-dependently, but not by inhibitors against NF-κB, stress kinases, ASK1, JNK, p38, or apoptosis caspases. Grown on Transwell inserts, TNFα did not enhance apical to basolateral LDL cholesterol or Dil release. It is concluded that TNFα promotes LDLR functions through combined increase at the cell surface and SR-B1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ugochukwu Okoro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Telegin GB, Chernov AS, Kazakov VA, Romanova EA, Sharapova TN, Yashin DV, Gabibov AG, Sashchenko LP. A 8-mer Peptide of PGLYRP1/Tag7 Innate Immunity Protein Binds to TNFR1 Receptor and Inhibits TNFα-Induced Cytotoxic Effect and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622471. [PMID: 34163464 PMCID: PMC8215708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Search for novel regulatory protein fragments with potential functional roles is required both for understanding the immune response mechanisms and the development of targeted immunotherapy. Earlier we demonstrated that the PGLYRP1/Tag7 innate immunity protein can be regarded as an inhibitor of TNFα cytotoxic activity via the interaction with its TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). A C-terminal peptide fragment 17.1 of the molecule is responsible for this function. In this study we have identified a minimal 8-mer region of this peptide (hereinafter – 17.1A) capable to bind to TNFR1. As a result of such interaction, the cytotoxic signals induced by this receptor are blocked. Also, this peptide demonstrates an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model in laboratory mice. Peptide 17.1A is capable to reduce periarticular inflammation, inhibit the development of synovitis and exhibit a protective effect on cartilage and bone tissues. This peptide can turn out to be a promising medicinal agent for autoimmune arthritis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii B Telegin
- Animal Breeding Facility, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S Chernov
- Animal Breeding Facility, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Kazakov
- Animal Breeding Facility, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena A Romanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics of Cancer, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Sharapova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics of Cancer, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Yashin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics of Cancer, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Gabibov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia P Sashchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics of Cancer, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Prada JP, Wangorsch G, Kucka K, Lang I, Dandekar T, Wajant H. A systems-biology model of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interactions with TNF receptor 1 and 2. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:669-676. [PMID: 32991680 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Clustering enables TNF receptors to stimulate intracellular signaling. The differential soluble ligand-induced clustering behavior of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 was modeled. A structured, rule-based model implemented ligand-independent pre-ligand binding assembly domain (PLAD)-mediated homotypic low affinity interactions of unliganded and liganded TNF receptors. RESULTS Soluble TNF initiates TNFR1 signaling but not TNFR2 signaling despite receptor binding unless it is secondarily oligomerized. We consider high affinity binding of TNF to signaling-incompetent pre-assembled dimeric TNFR1 and TNFR2 molecules and secondary clustering of liganded dimers to signaling competent ligand-receptor clusters. Published receptor numbers, affinities and measured different activities of clustered receptors validated model simulations for a large range of receptor and ligand concentrations. Different PLAD-PLAD affinities and different activities of receptor clusters explain the observed differences in the TNF receptor stimulating activities of soluble TNF. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All scripts and data are in manuscript and supplement at Bioinformatics online. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Prada
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gaby Wangorsch
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Kirstin Kucka
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
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Lee C, Hong SN, Kim ER, Chang DK, Kim YH. Epithelial Regeneration Ability of Crohn's Disease Assessed Using Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116013. [PMID: 34199463 PMCID: PMC8199630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the ability for epithelial regeneration and wound healing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. We evaluated the epithelial proliferation and wound healing ability of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) using patient-derived intestinal organoids. Human intestinal organoids were constructed in a three-dimensional intestinal crypt culture of enteroscopic biopsy samples from controls and CD patients. The organoid-forming efficiency of ileal crypts derived from CD patients was reduced compared with those from control subjects (p < 0.001). Long-term cultured organoids (≥6 passages) derived from controls and CD patients showed an indistinguishable microscopic appearance and culturing behavior. Under TNFα-enriched conditions (30 ng/mL), the organoid reconstitution rate and cell viability of CD patient-derived organoids were significantly lower than those of the control organoids (p < 0.05 for each). The number of EdU+ cells was significantly lower in TNFα-treated organoids derived from CD patients than in TNFα-treated control organoids (p < 0.05). In a wound healing assay, the unhealed area in TNFα-treated CD patient-derived organoids was significantly larger than that of TNFα-treated control organoids (p < 0.001). The wound healing ability of CD patient-derived organoids is reduced in TNFα-enriched conditions, due to reduced cell proliferation. Epithelial regeneration ability may be impaired in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansu Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 0635l, Korea; (C.L.); (E.-R.K.); (D.-K.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Noh Hong
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 0635l, Korea; (C.L.); (E.-R.K.); (D.-K.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3409; Fax: +82-2-3410-6983
| | - Eun-Ran Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 0635l, Korea; (C.L.); (E.-R.K.); (D.-K.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Kyung Chang
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 0635l, Korea; (C.L.); (E.-R.K.); (D.-K.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 0635l, Korea; (C.L.); (E.-R.K.); (D.-K.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
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166
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Md Dom ZI, Pipino C, Krolewski B, O'Neil K, Satake E, Krolewski AS. Effect of TNFα stimulation on expression of kidney risk inflammatory proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11133. [PMID: 34045516 PMCID: PMC8160214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a kidney risk inflammatory signature (KRIS), comprising 6 TNF receptors (including TNFR1 and TNFR2) and 11 inflammatory proteins. Elevated levels of these proteins in circulation were strongly associated with risk of the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) during 10-year follow-up. It has been hypothesized that elevated levels of these proteins in circulation might reflect (be markers of) systemic exposure to TNFα. In this in vitro study, we examined intracellular and extracellular levels of these proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to TNFα in the presence of hyperglycemia. KRIS proteins as well as 1300 other proteins were measured using the SOMAscan proteomics platform. Four KRIS proteins (including TNFR1) were down-regulated and only 1 protein (IL18R1) was up-regulated in the extracellular fraction of TNFα-stimulated HUVECs. In the intracellular fraction, one KRIS protein was down-regulated (CCL14) and 1 protein was up-regulated (IL18R1). The levels of other KRIS proteins were not affected by exposure to TNFα. HUVECs exposed to a hyperglycemic and inflammatory environment also showed significant up-regulation of a distinct set of 53 proteins (mainly in extracellular fraction). In our previous study, circulating levels of these proteins were not associated with progression to ESKD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaipul I Md Dom
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bozena Krolewski
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eiichiro Satake
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrzej S Krolewski
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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167
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Sepriano A, Ramiro S, Wichuk S, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Paschke J, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Maksymowych WP. Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Reduce Spinal Radiographic Progression in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Alberta Prospective Cohort. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1211-1219. [PMID: 33538097 PMCID: PMC8361759 DOI: 10.1002/art.41667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) impact spinal radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and whether this is coupled to their effect on inflammation. Methods Patients with axial SpA fulfilling the modified New York criteria were included in a prospective cohort (the ALBERTA Follow Up Research Cohort in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment). Spine radiographs, performed every 2 years for up to 10 years, were scored by 2 central readers, using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The indirect effect of TNFi on mSASSS was evaluated with generalized estimating equations by testing the interaction between TNFi and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) at the start of each 2‐year interval (t). If significant, the association between ASDAS at t and mSASSS at the end of the interval (t+1) was assessed in 1) patients treated with TNFi at all visits, 2) patients treated with TNFi at some visits, and 3) patients who were never treated with TNFi. In addition, the association between TNFi at t and mSASSS at t+1 (adjusting for ASDAS at t) was also tested (direct effect). Results In total, 314 patients were included. A gradient was seen for the effect of ASDAS at t on mSASSS at t+1 (interaction P = 0.10), with a higher progression in patients never treated with TNFi (β = 0.41 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.13, 0.68]) compared to those continuously treated (β = 0.16 [95% CI 0.00, 0.31]) (indirect effect). However, TNFi also directly slowed progression, as treated patients had on average an mSASSS 0.85 units lower at t+1 compared to untreated patients (β = −0.85 [95% CI −1.35, −0.35]). Conclusion Our findings indicate that TNFi reduce spinal radiographic progression in patients with radiographic axial SpA, which might be partially uncoupled from their effects on inflammation as measured by the ASDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sepriano
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Wichuk
- University of Alberta and CARE Arthritis, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Robert Landewé
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Álvarez-Artime A, García-Soler B, Sainz RM, Mayo JC. Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5560. [PMID: 34074045 PMCID: PMC8197327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén García-Soler
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Eshaq RS, Harris NR. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the hyperglycemia-induced ubiquitination and loss of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in rat retinal endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12717. [PMID: 34008903 PMCID: PMC10078990 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of the hyperglycemia-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the ubiquitination and degradation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the diabetic retina. METHODS Type I diabetes was induced in rats by the injection of streptozotocin, with age-matched non-diabetic rats as controls. Primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells were grown in normal or high glucose media for 6 days or in normal glucose media for 24 h with addition of TNF-α and/or IFN-γ. PECAM-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and ubiquitin levels were assessed using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, proteasome activity was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Under hyperglycemic conditions, total ubiquitination levels in the retina and RRMECs, and PECAM-1 ubiquitination levels in RRMECs, were significantly increased. Additionally, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased under hyperglycemic conditions. PECAM-1 levels in RRMECs treated with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ were significantly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in proteasome activity in the diabetic retina, hyperglycemic RRMECs, and RRMECs treated with TNF-α or IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ may contribute to the hyperglycemia-induced loss of PECAM-1 in retinal endothelial cells, possibly by upregulating PECAM-1 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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170
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Verma P, Srivastava A, Srikanth CV, Bajaj A. Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy strategies for mitigating inflammatory bowel disease. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1481-1502. [PMID: 33404019 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) where Ulcerative Colitis (UC) displays localized inflammation in the colon, and Crohn's Disease (CD) affects the entire GIT. Failure of current therapies and associated side-effects bring forth serious social, economic, and health challenges. The gut epithelium provides the best target for gene therapy delivery vehicles to combat IBD. Gene therapy involving the use of nucleic acid (NA) therapeutics faces major challenges due to the hydrophilic, negative-charge, and degradable nature of NAs. Recent success in the engineering of biomaterials for gene therapy and their emergence in clinical trials for various diseases is an inspiration for scientists to develop gene therapy vehicles that can be easily targeted to the desired tissues for IBD. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the formulations of numerous nanoparticles for NA delivery to mitigate IBD that still faces challenges of stability in the GIT, poor therapeutic efficacy, and targetability. This review presents the challenges of gene therapeutics, gastrointestinal barriers, and recent advances in the engineering of nanoparticles for IBD treatment along with future directions for successful translation of nanoparticle-mediated gene therapeutics in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462030, India
| | - C V Srikanth
- Laboratory of Gut Inflammation and Infection Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad- Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India.
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Pal A, Tapadar P, Pal R. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Triple Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1141-1150. [PMID: 32767960 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807222248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamic Acid (CA), also known as 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, is a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid found commonly in cinnamon, grapes, tea, cocoa, spinach and celery. Various studies have identified CA to have anti-proliferative action on glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of CA in killing MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells. METHODS We performed MTT assay and trypan blue assay to determine cell viability and cell death, respectively. Comet analysis was carried out to investigate DNA damage of individual cells. Furthermore, AO/EtBr assay and sub-G1 analysis using flow cytometry were used to study apoptosis. Protein isolation followed by immunoblotting was used to observe protein abundance in treated and untreated cancer cells. RESULTS Using MTT assay, we have determined CA to reduce cell viability in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and tumorigenic HEK 293 cells but not in normal NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Subsequently, trypan blue assay and comet assay showed CA to cause cell death and DNA damage, respectively, in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Using AO/EtBr staining and sub-G1 analysis, we further established CA to increase apoptosis. Additionally, immunoblotting showed the abundance of TNFA, TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and cleaved caspase-8/-3 proapoptotic proteins to increase with CA treatment. Subsequently, blocking of TNFA-TNFR1 signalling by small molecule inhibitor, R-7050, reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 at the protein level. CONCLUSION Thus, from the above observations, we can conclude that CA is an effective anticancer agent that can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via TNFA-TNFR1 mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Poulami Tapadar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Ranjana Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
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172
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Chongchai A, Waramit S, Suwan K, Al-Bahrani M, Udomruk S, Phitak T, Kongtawelert P, Pothacharoen P, Hajitou A. Bacteriophage-mediated therapy of chondrosarcoma by selective delivery of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) gene. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21487. [PMID: 33811705 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a cartilage-forming bone tumor, well known for intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have designed a targeted chondrosarcoma gene therapy using a bacteriophage (phage) particle to deliver therapeutic genes. Phage has no tropism for mammalian cells, allowing engineered phage to be targeted to specific cell surface receptors in cancer. We modified the phage capsid to display the RGD4C ligand on the pIII minor coat proteins to specifically bind to αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrin receptors. The endosomal escape peptide, H5WYG, was also displayed on recombinant pVIII major coat proteins to enhance gene delivery. Finally, a human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapeutic transgene expression cassette was incorporated into the phage genome. First, we found that human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) have high expression of αvβ3, αvβ5 integrin receptors, and both TNFα receptors. Targeted particle encoding a luciferase reporter gene efficiently and selectively mediated gene delivery to these cells. When SW1353 cells were treated with the targeted particle encoding a TNFα transgene, significant cell killing was evident and was associated with high expression of TNFα and apoptosis-related genes. In vivo, mice with established human chondrosarcoma showed suppression of tumors upon repetitive intravenous administrations of the targeted phage. These data show that our phage-based particle is a promising, selective, and efficient tool for targeted chondrosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mariam Al-Bahrani
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sasimol Udomruk
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanyaluck Phitak
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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173
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Dionísio PA, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP. Oxidative stress and regulated cell death in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101263. [PMID: 33540042 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Motor deficits usually associated with PD correlate with dopaminergic axonal neurodegeneration starting at the striatum, which is then followed by dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN), with both events occurring already at the prodromal stage. We will overview the main physiological characteristics responsible for the higher susceptibility of the nigrostriatal circuit to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as hinted by the acting mechanisms of the PD-causing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Then, we will present multiple lines of evidence linking several cell death mechanisms involving mitochondria and production of reactive oxygen species to neuronal loss in PD, namely intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos and mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis. We will focus on gathered data from postmortem PD samples and relevant in vivo models, especially MPTP-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Dionísio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - J D Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - C M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.
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174
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Arora S, Cooper PR, Friedlander LT, Rizwan S, Seo B, Rich AM, Hussaini HM. Potential application of immunotherapy for modulation of pulp inflammation: opportunities for vital pulp treatment. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1263-1274. [PMID: 33797765 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries results in the demineralization and destruction of enamel and dentine, and as the disease progresses, irreversible pulpitis can occur. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is directed towards pulp preservation and the prevention of the progression of inflammation. The outcomes of VPT are not always predictable, and there is often a poor correlation between clinical signs and symptoms, and the events occurring at a molecular level. The inflamed pulp expresses increased levels of cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-23, which recruit and drive a complex cellular immune response. Chronic inflammation and sustained cytokine release can result in irreversible pulp damage and a decreased capacity for tissue healing. Other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, are also characterized by an dysregulated immune response composed of relatively high cytokine levels and increased numbers of immune cells along with microbial and hard-soft tissue destructive pathologies. Whilst anti-cytokine therapies have been successfully applied in the treatment of these diseases, this approach is yet to be attempted in cases of pulp inflammation. This review therefore focuses on the similarities in the aetiology between chronic inflammatory diseases and pulpitis, and explores how anti-cytokine therapies could be applied to manage an inflamed pulp and facilitate healing. Further proof-of-concept studies and clinical trials are justified to determine the effectiveness of these treatments to enable more predictable outcomes in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L T Friedlander
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Rizwan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Seo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A M Rich
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H M Hussaini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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175
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Çopuroğlu FE, Hapil FZ, Yoldaş ŞB, Özeş ON. Positive regulation of TNFR1 signaling via SH3 recognition motif. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:171-179. [PMID: 33907493 PMCID: PMC8068768 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2010-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine and shows its biological function by binding to its receptors called TNFR1 and TNFR2. While TNFR1 induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-8 via the “death domain”, it also activates IKKα/β, MKK3/6, MKK4/7 by activation of TAK1. Although the TNFR1 signaling pathway is known by in large, it is not known how AKT and MAPKs p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 are activated. The presence of a proline-rich PPAP region, (P448PAP451, a binding site for the SH3 domain-containing proteins) very close to the C-terminus promoted us to determine whether this region has any role in the TNFR1 signal transduction. To test this, the codons of P448 and P451 were changed to that of Alanin, GCG, via site-directed mutagenesis, and this plasmid was named as TNFR1-SH3-P/A. Subsequently, ectopically expressed the wild type TNFR1 and TNFR1-SH3-P/A in 293T cells and determined the levels of TNF-α-mediated phosphorylations of ERK, p38, JNK and AKT, NF-kB, and caspase-8 activation. While ectopic expression of our mutant diminished TNFα-mediated phosphorylations of p38, JNK, ERK and AKT, it increased NF-kB, and caspase-8 activations. In conclusion, TNFα-mediated ERK, AKT, JNK, p38 activations are affected by TNFR1 SH3 domain modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ece Çopuroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey2
| | - Fatma Zehra Hapil
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey2
| | - Şükran Burçak Yoldaş
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey2
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176
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Libby P. Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease: The Inflammasome, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:951. [PMID: 33924019 PMCID: PMC8073599 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have now firmly established that inflammation participates causally in human atherosclerosis. These observations point the way toward novel treatments that add to established therapies to help stem the growing global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Fortunately, we now have a number of actionable targets whose clinical exploration will help achieve the goal of optimizing beneficial effects while avoiding undue interference with host defenses or other unwanted actions. This review aims to furnish the foundation for this quest by critical evaluation of the current state of anti-inflammatory interventions within close reach of clinical application, with a primary focus on innate immunity. In particular, this paper highlights the pathway from the inflammasome, through interleukin (IL)-1 to IL-6 supported by a promising body of pre-clinical, clinical, and human genetic data. This paper also considers the use of biomarkers to guide allocation of anti-inflammatory therapies as a step toward realizing the promise of precision medicine. The validation of decades of experimental work and association studies in humans by recent clinical investigations provides a strong impetus for further efforts to target inflammation in atherosclerosis to address the considerable risk that remains despite current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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177
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Uzzan S, Azab AN. Anti-TNF-α Compounds as a Treatment for Depression. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082368. [PMID: 33921721 PMCID: PMC8073844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people around the world suffer from psychiatric illnesses, causing unbearable burden and immense distress to patients and their families. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder. Copious studies have consistently shown that patients with mood disorders have increased levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Given these findings, selective anti-TNF-α compounds were tested as a potential therapeutic strategy for mood disorders. This mini-review summarizes the results of studies that examined the mood-modulating effects of anti-TNF-α drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Uzzan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Abed N. Azab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Department of Nursing, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6479880; Fax: +972-8-6477683
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178
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Tukaramrao DB, Malla S, Saraiya S, Hanely RA, Ray A, Kumari S, Raman D, Tiwari AK. A Novel Thienopyrimidine Analog, TPH104, Mediates Immunogenic Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081954. [PMID: 33919653 PMCID: PMC8074041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal and aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks an estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it unsuitable for hormonal- or HER2-based therapy. TNBC is known for its higher relapse rate, poorer prognosis and higher rate of metastasis compared to non-TNBC because although patients initially respond to chemotherapy that kills cancer cells through a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis, they later develop chemoresistance and stop responding to the treatment, accounting for one fourth of all breast cancer deaths. In this study, we report a novel compound, TPH104, that elicits a unique, non-apoptotic cell death in TNBC cells. Upon treatment with TPH104, TNBC cells swell and burst, releasing immunogenic markers that alert and activate the immune system to further recognize and attack the neighboring breast cancer cells. Abstract Enhancing the tumor immunogenic microenvironment has been suggested to circumvent triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistance and increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. Here, we report a novel chemotherapeutic compound, TPH104, which induces immunogenic cell death in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, by increasing the stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells (DCs), with an IC50 value of 140 nM. TPH104 (5 µM) significantly increased ATP levels in the supernatant and mobilized intracellular calreticulin to the plasma membrane in MDA-MB-231 cells, compared to cells incubated with the vehicle. Incubating MDA-MB-231 cells for 12 h with TPH104 (1–5 µM) significantly increased TNF-α mRNA levels. The supernatants of dying MDAMB-231 cells incubated with TPH104 increased mouse bone marrow-derived DC maturation, the expression of MHC-II and CD86 and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. Overall, these results indicate that TPH104 induces immunogenic cell death in TNBC cells, in part, by activating DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Bastihalli Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.B.T.); (S.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.B.T.); (S.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Siddharth Saraiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Ross Allen Hanely
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.B.T.); (S.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.B.T.); (S.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.B.T.); (S.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-1913
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Bolton C. An evaluation of the recognised systemic inflammatory biomarkers of chronic sub-optimal inflammation provides evidence for inflammageing (IFA) during multiple sclerosis (MS). Immun Ageing 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33853634 PMCID: PMC8045202 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the loss of immune tolerance to self-neuroantigens. A deterioration in immune tolerance is linked to inherent immune ageing, or immunosenescence (ISC). Previous work by the author has confirmed the presence of ISC during MS. Moreover, evidence verified a prematurely aged immune system that may change the frequency and profile of MS through an altered decline in immune tolerance. Immune ageing is closely linked to a chronic systemic sub-optimal inflammation, termed inflammageing (IFA), which disrupts the efficiency of immune tolerance by varying the dynamics of ISC that includes accelerated changes to the immune system over time. Therefore, a shifting deterioration in immunological tolerance may evolve during MS through adversely-scheduled effects of IFA on ISC. However, there is, to date, no collective proof of ongoing IFA during MS. The Review addresses the constraint and provides a systematic critique of compelling evidence, through appraisal of IFA-related biomarker studies, to support the occurrence of a sub-optimal inflammation during MS. The findings justify further work to unequivocally demonstrate IFA in MS and provide additional insight into the complex pathology and developing epidemiology of the disease.
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180
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Maier AKB, Reichhart N, Gonnermann J, Kociok N, Riechardt AI, Gundlach E, Strauß O, Joussen AM. Effects of TNFα receptor TNF-Rp55- or TNF-Rp75- deficiency on corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis in the mouse. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245143. [PMID: 33835999 PMCID: PMC8034740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is an inflammatory cytokine likely to be involved in the process of corneal inflammation and neovascularization. In the present study we evaluate the role of the two receptors, TNF-receptor (TNF-R)p55 and TNF-Rp75, in the mouse model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis. Corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis were induced by three 11-0 intrastromal corneal sutures in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and TNF-Rp55-deficient (TNF-Rp55d) and TNF-Rp75-deficient (TNF-Rp75d) mice. The mRNA expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, Lyve-1 and TNFα and its receptors was quantified by qPCR. The area covered with blood- or lymphatic vessels, respectively, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry of corneal flatmounts. Expression and localization of TNFα and its receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry of sagittal sections and Western Blot. Both receptors are expressed in the murine cornea and are not differentially regulated by the genetic alteration. Both TNF-Rp55d and TNF-Rp75d mice showed a decrease in vascularized area compared to wild-type mice 14 days after suture treatment. After 21 days there were no differences detectable between the groups. The number of VEGF-A-expressing macrophages did not differ when comparing WT to TNF-Rp55d and TNF-Rp75d. The mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic markers VEGF-C or LYVE-1 does not increase after suture in all 3 groups and lymphangiogenesis showed a delayed effect only for TNF-Rp75d. TNFα mRNA and protein expression increased after suture treatment but showed no difference between the three groups. In the suture-induced mouse model, TNFα and its ligands TNF-Rp55 and TNF-Rp75 do not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neovascularisation and lymphangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cornea/metabolism
- Cornea/pathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/genetics
- Corneal Neovascularization/pathology
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karina B. Maier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Gonnermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Kociok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline I. Riechardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enken Gundlach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia M. Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Fu W, Hettinghouse A, Liu CJ. In Vitro Physical and Functional Interaction Assays to Examine the Binding of Progranulin Derivative Atsttrin to TNFR2 and Its Anti-TNFα Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2248:109-119. [PMID: 33185871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1130-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
TNFα/TNFR signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and anti-TNFα therapies have been accepted as the effective approaches for treating several autoimmune diseases. Progranulin (PGRN), a multi-faced growth factor-like molecule, directly binds to TNFR1 and TNFR2, particularly to the latter with higher affinity than TNFα. PGRN derivative Atsttrin is composed of three TNFR-binding domain of PGRN and exhibits even better therapeutic effects than PGRN in several inflammatory disease models, including collagen-induced arthritis. Herein we describe the detailed methodology of using (1) ELISA-based solid phase protein-protein interaction assay to demonstrate the direct binding of Atsttrin to TNFR2 and its inhibition of TNFα/TNFR2 interaction; and (2) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of in vitro osteoclastogenesis to reveal the cell-based anti-TNFα activity of Atsttrin. Using the protocol described here, the investigators should be able to reproducibly detect the physical inhibition of TNFα binding to TNFR and the functional inhibition of TNFα activity by Atsttrin and various kinds of TNF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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182
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Gao P, Tang S, Chen H, Zhou X, Ou Y, Shen R, He Y. Preconditioning increases brain resistance against acute brain injury via neuroinflammation modulation. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113712. [PMID: 33819449 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injury (ABI) is a broad concept mainly comprised of sudden parenchymal brain injury. Acute brain injury outcomes are dependent not only on the severity of the primary injury, but the delayed secondary injury that subsequently follows as well. These are both taken into consideration when determining the patient's prognosis. Growing clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that "preconditioning," a prophylactic approach in which the brain is exposed to various pre-injury stressors, can induce varying degrees of "tolerance" against the impact of the ABI by modulating neuroinflammation. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology of ABI, and discuss the involved mechanisms of neuroinflammation in ABI, as well as existing experimental and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of preconditioning methods in various types of ABI by modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ronghua Shen
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, PR China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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183
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Tantengco OAG, Richardson LS, Medina PMB, Han A, Menon R. Organ-on-chip of the cervical epithelial layer: A platform to study normal and pathological cellular remodeling of the cervix. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21463. [PMID: 33689188 PMCID: PMC8193817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002590rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the cervical epithelial layer due to infection and inflammation is associated with preterm birth. However, the individual and/or collective roles of cervical epithelial layers in maintaining cervical integrity remain unclear during infection/inflammation. To determine the intercellular interactions, we developed an organ-on-chip of the cervical epithelial layer (CE-OOC) composed of two co-culture chambers connected by microchannels, recapitulating the ectocervical and endocervical epithelial layers. Further, we tested the interactions between cells from each distinct region and their contributions in maintaining cervical integrity in response to LPS and TNFα stimulations. The co-culture of ectocervical and endocervical cells facilitated cellular migration of both epithelial cells inside the microchannels. Compared to untreated controls, both LPS and TNFα increased apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokine productions by cervical epithelial cells. In summary, the CE-OOC established an in vitro model that can recapitulate the ectocervical and the endocervical epithelial regions of the cervix. The established CE-OOC may become a powerful tool in obstetrics and gynecology research such as in studying cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition and the dynamics of cervical epithelial cells in benign and malignant pathology in the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lauren S. Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paul Mark B. Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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184
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Zacconi F, Gupta G, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Kapoor DN, Negi P, Andreoli Pinto TDJ, Singh I, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of ‘Azole’ Based Chemotherapeutics as Emerging Chemical Moieties: A Comprehensive Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200820152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azole frameworks serve as privileged scaffolds in the contemporary drug design
paradigm owing to their unique physicochemical profile that promotes the development
of highly selective, physiological benevolent chemotherapeutics. Several azole nuclei
function as bioisostere in medicinal chemistry and prompt the development of tailored
therapeutics for targeting the desired biological entities. Besides, the azole scaffold forms
an integral part in the advanced drug designing methodologies, such as target template insitu
drug synthesis, that assists in rapid identification of the hit molecules form a diverse
pool of leads; and direct biomolecule-drug conjugation, along with bioorthogonal strategies
that ensure localization, and superior target specificity of the directed therapeutic.
Lastly, the structural diversity of azole framework and high yielding click synthetic methods
provide a comprehensive Structure-Activity Relationship analysis for design optimization of the potential
drug molecules by fine-tuning the placement of different substituents critical for the activity. This review provides
a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and anticancer potential of azole based chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302 017, Jaipur, India
| | - Alaa A.A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Post box no. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 229, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Post box no. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 229, India
| | - Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Street, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Dinesh K. Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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185
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Su Z, Dhusia K, Wu Y. A multiscale study on the mechanisms of spatial organization in ligand-receptor interactions on cell surfaces. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1620-1634. [PMID: 33868599 PMCID: PMC8026753 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of cell surface receptors with extracellular ligands triggers distinctive signaling pathways, leading into the corresponding phenotypic variation of cells. It has been found that in many systems, these ligand-receptor complexes can further oligomerize into higher-order structures. This ligand-induced oligomerization of receptors on cell surfaces plays an important role in regulating the functions of cell signaling. The underlying mechanism, however, is not well understood. One typical example is proteins that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Using a generic multiscale simulation platform that spans from atomic to subcellular levels, we compared the detailed physical process of ligand-receptor oligomerization for two specific members in the TNFR superfamily: the complex formed between ligand TNFα and receptor TNFR1 versus the complex formed between ligand TNFβ and receptor TNFR2. Interestingly, although these two systems share high similarity on the tertiary and quaternary structural levels, our results indicate that their oligomers are formed with very different dynamic properties and spatial patterns. We demonstrated that the changes of receptor’s conformational fluctuations due to the membrane confinements are closely related to such difference. Consistent to previous experiments, our simulations also showed that TNFR can preassemble into dimers prior to ligand binding, while the introduction of TNF ligands induced higher-order oligomerization due to a multivalent effect. This study, therefore, provides the molecular basis to TNFR oligomerization and reveals new insights to TNFR-mediated signal transduction. Moreover, our multiscale simulation framework serves as a prototype that paves the way to study higher-order assembly of cell surface receptors in many other bio-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Su
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Kalyani Dhusia
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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186
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Amere Subbarao S. Cancer vs. SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, overlapping functions, and pharmacological targeting. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:343-366. [PMID: 33723711 PMCID: PMC7959277 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an intrinsic defence mechanism triggered by the immune system against infection or injury. Chronic inflammation allows the host to recover or adapt through cellular and humoral responses, whereas acute inflammation leads to cytokine storms resulting in tissue damage. In this review, we present the overlapping outcomes of cancer inflammation with virus-induced inflammation. The study emphasises how anti-inflammatory drugs that work against cancer inflammation may work against the inflammation caused by the viral infection. It is established that the cytokine storm induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to disease-associated mortality. While cancer remains the second among the diseases associated with mortality worldwide, cancer patients' mortality rates are often observed upon extended periods after illness, usually ranging from months to years. However, the mortality rates associated with COVID-19 disease are robust. The cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to be responsible for the multi-organ failure and increased mortality rates. Since both cancer and COVID-19 disease share overlapping inflammatory mechanisms, repurposing some anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19 may lower mortality rates. Here, we review some of these inflammatory mechanisms and propose some potential chemotherapeutic agents to intervene in them. We also discuss the repercussions of anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine with zinc or antiviral drugs such as ivermectin and remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. In this review, we emphasise on various possibilities to reduce SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm.
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187
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Mouritzen MV, Petkovic M, Qvist K, Poulsen SS, Alarico S, Leal EC, Dalgaard LT, Empadinhas N, Carvalho E, Jenssen H. Improved diabetic wound healing by LFcinB is associated with relevant changes in the skin immune response and microbiota. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:726-739. [PMID: 33738327 PMCID: PMC7940703 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties; however, the effects on diabetic wound healing remain poorly understood. The wound healing potential of LFcinB was investigated with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Cell migration and proliferation were tested on keratinocytes and on porcine ears. A type 1 diabetic mouse model was also used to evaluate wound healing kinetics, bacterial diversity patterns, and the effect of LFcinB on oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. LFcinB increased keratinocyte migration in vitro (p < 0.05) and ex vivo (p < 0.001) and improved wound healing in diabetic mice (p < 0.05), though not in normoglycemic control mice. In diabetic mouse wounds, LFcinB treatment led to the eradication of Bacillus pumilus, a decrease in Staphylococcus aureus, and an increase in the Staphylococcus xylosus prevalence. LFcinB increased angiogenesis in diabetic mice (p < 0.01), but this was decreased in control mice (p < 0.05). LFcinB improved collagen deposition in both diabetic and control mice (p < 0.05). Both oxidative stress and the M1-to-M2 macrophage ratios were decreased in LFcinB-treated wounds of diabetic animals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared with saline, suggesting a downregulation of inflammation in diabetic wounds. In conclusion, LFcinB treatment demonstrated noticeable positive effects on diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Petkovic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katrine Qvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Steen S. Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Alarico
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C. Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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188
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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189
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The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052719. [PMID: 33800290 PMCID: PMC7962638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was initially recognized as a factor that causes the necrosis of tumors, but it has been recently identified to have additional important functions as a pathological component of autoimmune diseases. TNF-α binds to two different receptors, which initiate signal transduction pathways. These pathways lead to various cellular responses, including cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. However, the inappropriate or excessive activation of TNF-α signaling is associated with chronic inflammation and can eventually lead to the development of pathological complications such as autoimmune diseases. Understanding of the TNF-α signaling mechanism has been expanded and applied for the treatment of immune diseases, which has resulted in the development of effective therapeutic tools, including TNF-α inhibitors. Currently, clinically approved TNF-α inhibitors have shown noticeable potency in a variety of autoimmune diseases, and novel TNF-α signaling inhibitors are being clinically evaluated. In this review, we briefly introduce the impact of TNF-α signaling on autoimmune diseases and its inhibitors, which are used as therapeutic agents against autoimmune diseases.
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190
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Ticha O, Slanina P, Moos L, Stichova J, Vlkova M, Bekeredjian-Ding I. TNFR2 expression is a hallmark of human memory B cells with suppressive function. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1195-1205. [PMID: 33609401 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression is increasingly being linked to tolerogenic immune reactions and cells with suppressor function including a subset of T-regulatory cells. B-regulatory cells play an important role in control of T-cell responses and inflammation. Recently, we described TNFR2 as a marker for IL-10-producing B cells, a hallmark of this cell subset. Here, we demonstrate that proliferation of T cells is reduced in the presence of TNFR2 positive human memory B cells generated with TLR9 ligand, while TNFR2- and TNFR2+CD27- B cells display costimulatory activity. Our data further reveal that IL-10 secretion is characteristic of IgM+ naïve and memory B cells but suppressive activity is not restricted to IL-10: (i) the inhibitory effect of TNFR2+ switched memory B cells was comparable to that exerted by TNFR2+ IgM+ memory B cells although IL-10 secretion levels in the cocultures were lower; (ii) supernatants from TNFR2+ memory B cells failed to suppress T-cell proliferation. Based on our findings, we propose that formation of Breg is a specific characteristic of human memory B cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Our data further corroborate that TNFR2 represents a viable marker for identification of memory B cells with regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ticha
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Peter Slanina
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Moos
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Julie Stichova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vlkova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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191
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Guidotti G, Scarlata C, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Friend or Foe? Cells 2021; 10:cells10030518. [PMID: 33804386 PMCID: PMC8000008 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a massive neuroinflammatory reaction, which plays a key role in the progression of the disease. One of the major mediators of the inflammatory response is the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mainly released within the central nervous system (CNS) by reactive astrocytes and microglia. Increased levels of TNFα and its receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) have been described in plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid and CNS tissue from both ALS patients and transgenic animal models of disease. However, the precise role exerted by TNFα in the context of ALS is still highly controversial, since both protective and detrimental functions have been reported. These opposing actions depend on multiple factors, among which includes the type of TNFα receptor activated. In fact, TNFR2 seems to mediate a harmful role being involved in motor neuron cell death, whereas TNFR1 signaling mediates neuroprotective effects, promoting the expression and secretion of trophic factors. This suggests that a better understanding of the cytokine impact on ALS progression may enable the development of effective therapies aimed at strengthening the protective roles of TNFα and at suppressing the detrimental ones.
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192
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Wang B, Su Z, Wu Y. Characterizing the function of domain linkers in regulating the dynamics of multi-domain fusion proteins by microsecond molecular dynamics simulations and artificial intelligence. Proteins 2021; 89:884-895. [PMID: 33620752 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi-domain proteins are not only formed through natural evolution but can also be generated by recombinant DNA technology. Because many fusion proteins can enhance the selectivity of cell targeting, these artificially produced molecules, called multi-specific biologics, are promising drug candidates, especially for immunotherapy. Moreover, the rational design of domain linkers in fusion proteins is becoming an essential step toward a quantitative understanding of the dynamics in these biopharmaceutics. We developed a computational framework to characterize the impacts of peptide linkers on the dynamics of multi-specific biologics. Specifically, we first constructed a benchmark containing six types of linkers that represent various lengths and degrees of flexibility and used them to connect two natural proteins as a test system. We then projected the microsecond dynamics of these proteins generated from Anton onto a coarse-grained conformational space. We further analyzed the similarity of dynamics among different proteins in this low-dimensional space by a neural-network-based classification model. Finally, we applied hierarchical clustering to place linkers into different subgroups based on the classification results. The clustering results suggest that the length of linkers, which is used to spatially separate different functional modules, plays the most important role in regulating the dynamics of this fusion protein. Given the same number of amino acids, linker flexibility functions as a regulator of protein dynamics. In summary, we illustrated that a new computational strategy can be used to study the dynamics of multi-domain fusion proteins by a combination of long timescale molecular dynamics simulation, coarse-grained feature extraction, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Su
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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193
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Halim SA, Sikandari AG, Khan A, Wadood A, Fatmi MQ, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A. Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors by Cheminformatics Approaches and Bio-Molecular Simulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:329. [PMID: 33671607 PMCID: PMC7926523 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a drug target in rheumatoid arthritis and several other auto-immune disorders. TNF-α binds with TNF receptors (TNFR), located on the surface of several immunological cells to exert its effect. Hence, the use of inhibitors that can hinder the complex formation of TNF-α/TNFR can be of medicinal significance. In this study, multiple chem-informatics approaches, including descriptor-based screening, 2D-similarity searching, and pharmacophore modelling were applied to screen new TNF-α inhibitors. Subsequently, multiple-docking protocols were used, and four-fold post-docking results were analyzed by consensus approach. After structure-based virtual screening, seventeen compounds were mutually ranked in top-ranked position by all the docking programs. Those identified hits target TNF-α dimer and effectively block TNF-α/TNFR interface. The predicted pharmacokinetics and physiological properties of the selected hits revealed that, out of seventeen, seven compounds (4, 5, 10, 11, 13-15) possessed excellent ADMET profile. These seven compounds plus three more molecules (7, 8 and 9) were chosen for molecular dynamics simulation studies to probe into ligand-induced structural and dynamic behavior of TNF-α, followed by ligand-TNF-α binding free energy calculation using MM-PBSA. The MM-PBSA calculations revealed that compounds 4, 5, 7 and 9 possess highest affinity for TNF-α; 8, 11, 13-15 exhibited moderate affinities, while compound 10 showed weaker binding affinity with TNF-α. This study provides valuable insights to design more potent and selective inhibitors of TNF-α, that will help to treat inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Almas Gul Sikandari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan;
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Qaiser Fatmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan;
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman;
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194
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Uray T, Dezfulian C, Palmer AA, Miner KM, Leak RK, Stezoski JP, Janesko-Feldman K, Kochanek PM, Drabek T. Cardiac Arrest Induced by Asphyxia Versus Ventricular Fibrillation Elicits Comparable Early Changes in Cytokine Levels in the Rat Brain, Heart, and Serum. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018657. [PMID: 33599149 PMCID: PMC8174297 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Current postresuscitative care after cardiac arrest (CA) does not address the cause of CA. We previously reported that asphyxial CA (ACA) and ventricular fibrillation CA (VFCA) elicit unique injury signatures. We hypothesized that the early cytokine profiles of the serum, heart, and brain differ in response to ACA versus VFCA. Methods and Results Adult male rats were subjected to 10 minutes of either ACA or VFCA. Naives and shams (anesthesia and surgery without CA) served as controls (n=12/group). Asphyxiation produced an ≈4‐minute period of progressive hypoxemia followed by a no‐flow duration of ≈6±1 minute. Ventricular fibrillation immediately induced no flow. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved earlier after ACA compared with VFCA (42±18 versus 105±22 seconds; P<0.001). Brain cytokines in naives were, in general, low or undetectable. Shams exhibited a modest effect on select cytokines. Both ACA and VFCA resulted in robust cytokine responses in serum, heart, and brain at 3 hours. Significant regional differences pinpointed the striatum as a key location of neuroinflammation. No significant differences in cytokines, neuron‐specific enolase, S100b, and troponin T were observed across CA models. Conclusions Both models of CA resulted in marked systemic, heart, and brain cytokine responses, with similar degrees of change across the 2 CA insults. Changes in cytokine levels after CA were most pronounced in the striatum compared with other brain regions. These collective observations suggest that the amplitude of the changes in cytokine levels after ACA versus VFCA may not mediate the differences in secondary injuries between these 2 CA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Uray
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Emergency Medicine Vienna General HospitalMedical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Cameron Dezfulian
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Abigail A Palmer
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie PA
| | - Kristin M Miner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA
| | - Jason P Stezoski
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Tomas Drabek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
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195
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Uhl B, Braun C, Dominik J, Luft J, Canis M, Reichel CA. A Novel Experimental Approach for In Vivo Analyses of the Salivary Gland Microvasculature. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604470. [PMID: 33679695 PMCID: PMC7925411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland disorders. Restoring and preserving microvascular integrity might therefore represent a promising strategy for the treatment of these pathologies. The mechanisms underlying microvascular dysfunction in salivary glands, however, are still obscure, partly due to the unavailability of adequate in vivo models. Here, we present a novel experimental approach that allows comprehensive in vivo analyses of the salivary gland microvasculature in mice. For this purpose, we employed different microscopy techniques including multi-photon in vivo microscopy to quantitatively analyze interactions of distinct immune cell subsets in the submandibular gland microvasculature required for their infiltration into the surrounding parenchyma and their effects on microvascular function. Confocal microscopy and multi-channel flow cytometry in tissue sections/homogenates complemented these real-time analyses by determining the molecular phenotype of the participating cells. To this end, we identified key adhesion and signaling molecules that regulate the subset- and tissue-specific trafficking of leukocytes into inflamed glands and control the associated microvascular leakage. Hence, we established an experimental approach that allows in vivo analyses of microvascular processes in healthy and diseased salivary glands. This enables us to delineate distinct pathogenetic factors as novel therapeutic targets in salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Braun
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Dominik
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Luft
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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196
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Bolton C, Chen Y, Hawthorne R, Schepel IRM, Harriss E, Hofmann SC, Ellis S, Clarke A, Wace H, Martin B, Smith J. Systematic Review: Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Drugs R D 2021; 20:319-330. [PMID: 32960413 PMCID: PMC7691410 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-020-00320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) lacks consensus diagnostic criteria and the pathogenesis is poorly understood. There are increasing reports of SCLE induced by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but there are limited data on the aetiology, clinical characteristics and natural course of this disease. Methods We devised a set of diagnostic criteria for SCLE in collaboration with a multinational, multispecialty panel. This systematic review employed a two-layered search strategy of five databases for cases of mAb-induced SCLE (PROSPERO registered protocol CRD42019116521). To explore the relationship between relative mAb use and the number of SCLE cases reported, the estimated number of mAb users was modelled from 2013 to 2018 global commercial data and estimated annual therapy costs. Results From 40 papers, we identified 52 cases of mAb-induced SCLE, occurring in a cohort that was 73% female and with a median age of 61 years. Fifty percent of cases were induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ agents. A median of three drug doses preceded SCLE onset and the lesions lasted a median of 7 weeks after drug cessation. Oral and topical corticosteroids were most frequently used. Of the licensed mAbs, adalimumab, denosumab, rituximab, etanercept and infliximab were calculated to have the highest relative number of yearly users based on global sales data. Comparing the number of mAb-induced SCLE cases with estimated yearly users, the checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab showed strikingly high rates of SCLE relative to their global use, but ipilimumab did not. Conclusion We present the first systematic review characterising mAb-induced SCLE with respect to triggers, clinical signs, laboratory findings, prognosis and treatment approaches. We identify elevated rates associated with the use of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-TNFɑ agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40268-020-00320-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissy Bolton
- University College London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Yifan Chen
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Hawthorne
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elinor Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, The Knowledge Centre, Oxford University Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Spencer Ellis
- Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Alexander Clarke
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Wace
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blanca Martin
- Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joel Smith
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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197
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Anti-inflammatory activity of novel thiosemicarbazone compounds indole-based as COX inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:907-925. [PMID: 33590474 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article, a series of 20 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS The compounds were obtained through a synthetic route of only two steps, with yields that varied between 33.6 and 90.4%, and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. RESULTS An initial screening through the lymphoproliferation assay revealed that compounds LT76, LT81, and LT87 were able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, with CC50 of 0.56 ± 0.036, 0.9 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.07 µM, respectively, better results than indomethacin (CC50 > 12 µM). In addition, these compounds were able to suppress the in-vitro production of TNF-α and NO, in addition to stimulating the production of IL-4. Reinforcing in-vitro assays, the compounds were able to inhibit COX-2 similar to Celecoxib showing greater selectivity for this isoform (LT81 SI: 23.06 versus Celecoxib SI: 11.88). Animal studies showed that compounds LT76 (64.8% inhibition after 6 h), LT81 (89% inhibition after 6 h) and LT87 (100% inhibition after 4 h) were able to suppress edema in mice after inoculation carrageenan with greater potency than indomethacin, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the groups treated with LT76, LT81 and LT87 reduced the expression of COX-2, similar or better results when compared to indomethacin. Complementarily, in-silico studies have shown that these compounds have a good pharmacokinetic profile, for respecting the parameters of Lipinski and Veber, showing their good bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potency of thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole and confirm their importance as scaffolds of molecules with notorious anti-inflammatory activity.
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198
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Kaeser SA, Lehallier B, Thinggaard M, Häsler LM, Apel A, Bergmann C, Berdnik D, Jeune B, Christensen K, Grönke S, Partridge L, Wyss-Coray T, Mengel-From J, Jucker M. A neuronal blood marker is associated with mortality in old age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:218-225. [PMID: 37118632 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a promising blood biomarker for the progression of various neurological diseases. NfL is a structural protein of nerve cells, and elevated NfL levels in blood are thought to mirror damage to the nervous system. We find that plasma NfL levels increase in humans with age (n = 122; 21-107 years of age) and correlate with changes in other plasma proteins linked to neural pathways. In centenarians (n = 135), plasma NfL levels are associated with mortality equally or better than previously described multi-item scales of cognitive or physical functioning, and this observation was replicated in an independent cohort of nonagenarians (n = 180). Plasma NfL levels also increase in aging mice (n = 114; 2-30 months of age), and dietary restriction, a paradigm that extends lifespan in mice, attenuates the age-related increase in plasma NfL levels. These observations suggest a contribution of nervous system functional deterioration to late-life mortality.
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199
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Ayo TE, Adhikari P, Sugita S, Xu H. TNF Production in Activated RBL-2H3 Cells Requires Munc13-4. Inflammation 2021; 43:744-751. [PMID: 31897916 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation triggers intricate signaling pathways that promote the expression and/or release of a wide range of mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF; also known as TNFα). In this study, we investigated the connection between TNF secretion and TNF production, exploiting RBL-2H3 cells (a tumor analog of mucosal mast cells) that are depleted of Munc13-4, a crucial component of the mast cell exocytic machinery. We showed that antigen/IgE elicited robust TNF production in RBL-2H3 cells, but not in Munc13-4 knockout cells. The production defect was corrected when Munc13-4 was reintroduced into the knockout cell line, suggesting that the phenotype was not caused by any secondary effect derived from the knockout approach. Furthermore, pre-incubation of RBL-2H3 cells with R-7050, an antagonist of TNF receptor-dependent signaling, was shown to block TNF production without inhibiting TNF release. These observations provide fresh evidence for a robust feed-back loop to boost TNF production in activated mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope E Ayo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Pratikshya Adhikari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Shuzo Sugita
- Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
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200
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Huang J, Wang L, Yu C, Fu Z, Liu C, Wu G, Guo L, Guo X, Chen S, Liu X, Wang J. Development of a robust bioassay of monoclonal antibodies and biosimilars against TNF-α by NF-κB-inducible lentiviral reporter gene. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107418. [PMID: 33540248 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and biosimilars against TNF-α have been developed to treat patients who suffer from inflammatory diseases caused by disordered expression of TNF-α. Hence, quality control of biopharmaceuticals is crucial during research and development. The high-order structure of these complex molecules cannot be entirely identified by physiochemical attributes; however, they can be inferred by observing biological activities. Thus, we developed a U937-based bioassay to determine the biological activities of mAbs and biosimilars against TNF-α using a low-basal NF-κB-inducible lentiviral reporter gene. The reporter gene assay (RGA) can be induced with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a short time by TNF-α. Validation of the RGA showed accuracy (% relative standard deviation [RSD] = 4.64%), linearity (r2 = 0.9856), and precision (Interday RSD = 4.6%, between analysts RSD = 3.51%) as well as reasonable specificity and robustness. The measured potency values of a biosimilar to adalimumab were between 90% and 110%. Results showed our RGA is suitable for mAb quality control and lot release, and for evaluation of the biological activity similarity of the biosimilar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Luyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100050, China.
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