151
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Cayre M, Falque M, Mercier O, Magalon K, Durbec P. Myelin Repair: From Animal Models to Humans. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:604865. [PMID: 33935649 PMCID: PMC8079744 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.604865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that brain repair does not occur, but myelin regeneration provides clear evidence to the contrary. Spontaneous remyelination may occur after injury or in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the efficiency of remyelination varies considerably between MS patients and between the lesions of each patient. Myelin repair is essential for optimal functional recovery, so a profound understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved in this process is required for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe how animal models and modern cell tracing and imaging methods have helped to identify the cell types involved in myelin regeneration. In addition to the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells identified in the 1990s as the principal source of remyelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), other cell populations, including subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors, Schwann cells, and even spared mature oligodendrocytes, have more recently emerged as potential contributors to CNS remyelination. We will also highlight the conditions known to limit endogenous repair, such as aging, chronic inflammation, and the production of extracellular matrix proteins, and the role of astrocytes and microglia in these processes. Finally, we will present the discrepancies between observations in humans and in rodents, discussing the relationship of findings in experimental models to myelin repair in humans. These considerations are particularly important from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Cayre
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), Marseille, France
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152
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Zheng W, Tan X, Liu T, Li X, Gao J, Hong L, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Luo B, Wu D. Individualized Thalamic Parcellation Reveals Alterations in Shape and Microstructure of Thalamic Nuclei in Patients with Disorder of Consciousness. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab024. [PMID: 34296169 PMCID: PMC8152869 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus plays crucial roles in consciousness generation and information processing. Previous evidence suggests that disorder of consciousness (DOC) caused by severe brain injury, is potentially related to thalamic abnormalities. However, how the morphology and microstructure change in thalamic subfields and thalamocortical fiber pathways in patients with DOC, and the relationships between these changes and the consciousness status remain unclear. Here, we generated the individual-specific thalamic parcellation in 10 DOC patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) via a novel thalamic segmentation framework based on the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) derived from 7-Tesla diffusion MRI, and investigated the shape deformation of thalamic nuclei as well as the microstructural changes associated with thalamic nuclei and thalamocortical pathways in patients with DOC. Enlargement of dorsal posterior nucleus and atrophy of anterior nucleus in the right thalamus were observed in DOC cohort relative to the HCs, and the former was closely linked to the consciousness level of the patients. We also found significant reductions of fiber density, but not fiber bundle cross-section, within several thalamic nuclei and most of the thalamocortical fiber pathways, suggesting that loss of axons might take primary responsibility for the impaired thalamocortical connections in patients with DOC rather than the change in fiber-bundle morphology. Furthermore, the individual-specific thalamic parcellation achieved 80% accuracy in classifying patients at the minimally conscious state from the vegetative state, compared with ~60% accuracy based on group-level parcellations. Our findings provide the first evidence for the shape deformation of thalamic nuclei in DOC patients and the microstructural basis of the disrupted thalamocortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Xufei Tan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, 310051, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, 310051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
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153
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Berger A, Artzi M, Aizenstein O, Gonen T, Tellem R, Hochberg U, Ben-Bashat D, Strauss I. Cervical Cordotomy for Intractable Pain: Do Postoperative Imaging Features Correlate with Pain Outcomes and Mirror Pain? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:794-800. [PMID: 33632733 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Percutaneous cervical cordotomy offers relief of unilateral intractable oncologic pain. We aimed to find anatomic and postoperative imaging features that may correlate with clinical outcomes, including pain relief and postoperative contralateral pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively followed 15 patients with cancer who underwent cervical cordotomy for intractable pain during 2018 and 2019 and underwent preoperative and up to 1-month postoperative cervical MR imaging. Lesion volume and diameter were measured on T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lesion mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values were extracted. Pain improvement up to 1 month after surgery was assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale and Brief Pain Inventory. RESULTS All patients reported pain relief from 8 (7-10) to 0 (0-4) immediately after surgery (P = .001), and 5 patients (33%) developed contralateral pain. The minimal percentages of the cord lesion volume required for pain relief were 10.0% on T2-weighted imaging and 6.2% on DTI. Smaller lesions on DWI correlated with pain improvement on the Brief Pain Inventory scale (r = 0.705, P = .023). Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were significantly lower in the ablated tissue than contralateral nonlesioned tissue (P = .003 and P = .001, respectively), compatible with acute-phase tissue changes after injury. Minimal postoperative mean diffusivity values correlated with an improvement of Brief Pain Inventory severity scores (r = -0.821, P = .004). The average lesion mean diffusivity was lower among patients with postoperative contralateral pain (P = .037). CONCLUSIONS Although a minimal ablation size is required during cordotomy, larger lesions do not indicate better outcomes. DWI metrics changes represent tissue damage after ablation and may correlate with pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berger
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (A.B., I.S.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Artzi
- Sagol Brain Institute (M.A., T.G, D.B.-B.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Aizenstein
- Department of Radiology (O.A.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - T Gonen
- Sagol Brain Institute (M.A., T.G, D.B.-B.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Tellem
- The Palliative Care Service (R.T.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - U Hochberg
- Institute of Pain Medicine (U.H.)
- Division of Anesthesiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center (U.H.), Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Ben-Bashat
- Sagol Brain Institute (M.A., T.G, D.B.-B.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Strauss
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (A.B., I.S.)
- Sackler School of Medicine (A.B., M.A., O.A., T.G., R.T., U.H., D.B.-B., I.S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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154
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Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7090. [PMID: 33782462 PMCID: PMC8007713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at the cellular level, are unclear and understudied. Here we use bilingualism as a case study to investigate the metabolic correlates of experience-based brain adaptations. We employ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to measure metabolite concentrations in the basal ganglia, a region critical to language control which is reshaped by bilingualism. Our results show increased myo-Inositol and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. Both metabolites are linked to synaptic pruning, a process underlying experience-based brain restructuring. Interestingly, both concentrations correlate with relative amount of bilingual engagement. This suggests that degree of long-term cognitive experiences matters at the level of metabolic concentrations, which might accompany, if not drive, macroscopic brain adaptations.
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155
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Hinman JD, Ngo KJ, Kim D, Chen C, Abraham CR, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA, Kushner SA, Kawaguchi R, Coppola G, Goth K, Bellusci S, Hernandez I, Kosik KS, Fogel BL. miR-142-3p regulates cortical oligodendrocyte gene co-expression networks associated with tauopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:103-118. [PMID: 33555315 PMCID: PMC8496370 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes exist in a heterogenous state and are implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric diseases including dementia. Cortical oligodendrocytes are a glial population uniquely positioned to play a key role in neurodegeneration by synchronizing circuit connectivity but molecular pathways specific to this role are lacking. We utilized oligodendrocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-seq (TRAP-seq) to transcriptionally profile adult mature oligodendrocytes from different regions of the central nervous system. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals distinct region-specific gene networks. Two of these mature myelinating oligodendrocyte gene networks uniquely define cortical oligodendrocytes and differentially regulate cortical myelination (M8) and synaptic signaling (M4). These two cortical oligodendrocyte gene networks are enriched for genes associated with dementia including MAPT and include multiple gene targets of the regulatory microRNA, miR-142-3p. Using a combination of TRAP-qPCR, miR-142-3p overexpression in vitro, and miR-142-null mice, we show that miR-142-3p negatively regulates cortical myelination. In rTg4510 tau-overexpressing mice, cortical myelination is compromised, and tau-mediated neurodegeneration is associated with gene co-expression networks that recapitulate both the M8 and M4 cortical oligodendrocyte gene networks identified from normal cortex. We further demonstrate overlapping gene networks in mature oligodendrocytes present in normal cortex, rTg4510 and miR-142-null mice, and existing datasets from human tauopathies to provide evidence for a critical role of miR-142-3p-regulated cortical myelination and oligodendrocyte-mediated synaptic signaling in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kathie J Ngo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Cidi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131 - 99137, Iran
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kerstin Goth
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Israel Hernandez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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156
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Zhang J, Gong X, Xiong H. Significant higher-level C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 and chemotactic power in cerebral white matter than grey matter in rat and human. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:10.1111/ejn.15187. [PMID: 33725384 PMCID: PMC8443722 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that cerebral white matter (WM) exhibits a higher chemoattractant capability for immune cells. The C-C motif chemokine ligands 2 and 3 (CCL2, CCL3) are key chemokines for monocytes and T cells. However, tissue differential of these chemokines is unclear, although the higher CCL2/3 mRNA levels were found in rodent WM. It has been shown that more immune cells infiltrated to WM than to grey matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV)-infected brains. More nodular lesions have also been identified in the WM of patients with MS or HIV/SIV encephalitis. We hypothesize that higher levels of CCL2/3 in the WM may associate with neuropathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we compared CCL2 and CCL3 peptide levels in WM and GM of rat and human, and found both were significantly higher in the WM. Next, we tested the effect of CCL2 on primary rat microglia migration and observed a dose-dependent migratory pattern. Then, we assessed effects of WM and GM homogenates on microglia chemotaxis and observed significant stronger effects of WM than GM in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-dependent pattern of tissue homogenates on chemotaxis was similar to the effect of CCL2. Finally, we found the chemoattractant effects of WM on microglia were significantly attenuated by addition of a CCL2 receptor blocker to culture medium and a neutralizing antibody against CCL3 functional motif in the WM homogenate. Taking together, these results suggest that CCL2/3 played significant roles in the microglia chemotaxis toward WM homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experiment Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xinrui Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experiment Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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157
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Amemiya K, Naito E, Takemura H. Age dependency and lateralization in the three branches of the human superior longitudinal fasciculus. Cortex 2021; 139:116-133. [PMID: 33852990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The superior longitudinal fascicle/fasciculus (SLF) is a major white matter tract connecting the frontal and parietal cortices in humans. Although the SLF has often been analyzed as a single entity, several studies have reported that the SLF is segregated into three distinct branches (SLF I, II, and III). They have also reported the right lateralization of the SLF III volume and discussed its relationship with lateralized cortical functions in the fronto-parietal network. However, to date, the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the age dependency and lateralization properties of SLF branches have not been fully clarified. Through this study, we aimed to clarify the age dependency and lateralization of SLF I-III by analyzing diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) and quantitative R1 (qR1) map datasets collected from a wide range of age groups, mostly comprising right-handed children, adolescents, adults, and seniors (6 to 81 years old). The age dependency in dMRI measurement (fractional anisotropy, FA) was heterogeneous among the three SLF branches, suggesting that these branches are regulated by distinct developmental and aging processes. Lateralization analysis on SLF branches revealed that the right SLF III was larger than the left SLF III in adults, replicating previous reports. FA measurement also suggested that, in addition to SLF III, SLF II was lateralized to the right hemisphere in adolescents and adults. We further found a left lateralization of SLF I in qR1 data, a microstructural measurement sensitive to myelin levels, in adults. These findings suggest that the SLF sub-bundles are distinct entities in terms of age dependency and lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Amemiya
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Takemura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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158
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Baldassarro VA, Flagelli A, Sannia M, Calzà L. Nuclear receptors and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:389-407. [PMID: 33752826 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the cells responsible for myelin formation during development and in adulthood, both for normal myelin turnover and myelin repair. These highly specialized cells derive from the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), through a complex differentiation process involving genetic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms, which switch the phenotype from a migratory and replicative precursor to a mature post-mitotic cell. The process is regulated by a plethora of molecules, involving neurotransmitters, growth factors, hormones and other small molecules, and is mainly driven by nuclear receptors (NRs). NRs are transcription factors with heterogeneous ligand-dependent and independent actions which differ for the cell target, the responsive gene and the formation of NR homo- or heterodimers. This chapter highlights the role of NRs in regulating OPC differentiation, also in view of drug discovery strategies aimed at targeting pathological conditions which interfere with both developmental myelination and remyelination in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Flagelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Sannia
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy; IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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159
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Diez I, Williams B, Kubicki MR, Makris N, Perez DL. Reduced limbic microstructural integrity in functional neurological disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 51:485-493. [PMID: 31769368 PMCID: PMC7247956 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Individuals with FND exhibit corticolimbic abnormalities, yet little is known about the role of white matter tracts in the pathophysiology of FND. This study characterized between-group differences in microstructural integrity, and correlated fiber bundle integrity with symptom severity, physical disability, and illness duration. METHODS A diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was performed in 32 patients with mixed FND compared to 36 healthy controls. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected along with patient-reported symptom severity, physical disability (Short Form Health Survey-36), and illness duration data. Weighted-degree and link-level graph theory and probabilistic tractography analyses characterized fractional anisotropy (FA) values across cortico-subcortical connections. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Compared to controls, FND patients showed reduced FA in the stria terminalis/fornix, medial forebrain bundle, extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, corpus callosum, and striatal-postcentral gyrus projections. Except for the stria terminalis/fornix, these differences remained significant adjusting for depression and anxiety. In within-group analyses, physical disability inversely correlated with stria terminalis/fornix and medial forebrain bundle FA values; illness duration negatively correlated with stria terminalis/fornix white matter integrity. A FND symptom severity composite score did not correlate with FA in patients. CONCLUSIONS In this first DTI study of mixed FND, microstructural differences were observed in limbic and associative tracts implicated in salience, defensive behaviors, and emotion regulation. These findings advance our understanding of neurocircuit pathways in the pathophysiology of FND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Diez
- Department of Neurology, Functional Neurology Research Group, Behavioral Neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Gordon Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurotechnology Laboratory, Tecnalia Health Department, Derio, Spain
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Neurology, Functional Neurology Research Group, Behavioral Neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek R. Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L. Perez
- Department of Neurology, Functional Neurology Research Group, Behavioral Neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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160
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Perrier S, Michell-Robinson MA, Bernard G. POLR3-Related Leukodystrophy: Exploring Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:631802. [PMID: 33633543 PMCID: PMC7902007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.631802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a class of rare inherited central nervous system (CNS) disorders that affect the white matter of the brain, typically leading to progressive neurodegeneration and early death. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are characterized by the abnormal formation of the myelin sheath during development. POLR3-related or 4H (hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) leukodystrophy is one of the most common types of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy for which no curative treatment or disease-modifying therapy is available. This review aims to describe potential therapies that could be further studied for effectiveness in pre-clinical studies, for an eventual translation to the clinic to treat the neurological manifestations associated with POLR3-related leukodystrophy. Here, we discuss the therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in other leukodystrophies, as well as other genetic diseases, and consider their use in treating POLR3-related leukodystrophy. More specifically, we explore the approaches of using stem cell transplantation, gene replacement therapy, and gene editing as potential treatment options, and discuss their possible benefits and limitations as future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Perrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Michell-Robinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Montréal Children’s Hospital and McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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161
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de Curtis M, Garbelli R, Uva L. A hypothesis for the role of axon demyelination in seizure generation. Epilepsia 2021; 62:583-595. [PMID: 33493363 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of myelin and altered oligodendrocyte distribution in the cerebral cortex are commonly observed both in postsurgical tissue derived from different focal epilepsies (such as focal cortical dysplasias and tuberous sclerosis) and in animal models of focal epilepsy. Moreover, seizures are a frequent symptom in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and in animal models of demyelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction. Finally, the excessive activity reported in demyelinated axons may promote hyperexcitability. We hypothesize that the extracellular potassium rise generated during epileptiform activity may be amplified by the presence of axons without appropriate myelin coating and by alterations in oligodendrocyte function. This process could facilitate the triggering of recurrent spontaneous seizures in areas of altered myelination and could result in further demyelination, thus promoting epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Uva
- Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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162
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Lehmann N, Aye N, Kaufmann J, Heinze HJ, Düzel E, Ziegler G, Taubert M. Longitudinal Reproducibility of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) Derived Metrics in the White Matter. Neuroscience 2021; 457:165-185. [PMID: 33465411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is undergoing constant evolution with the ambitious goal of developing in-vivo histology of the brain. A recent methodological advancement is Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), a histologically validated multi-compartment model to yield microstructural features of brain tissue such as geometric complexity and neurite packing density, which are especially useful in imaging the white matter. Since NODDI is increasingly popular in clinical research and fields such as developmental neuroscience and neuroplasticity, it is of vast importance to characterize its reproducibility (or reliability). We acquired multi-shell DWI data in 29 healthy young subjects twice over a rescan interval of 4 weeks to assess the within-subject coefficient of variation (CVWS), between-subject coefficient of variation (CVBS) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Using these metrics, we compared regional and voxel-by-voxel reproducibility of the most common image analysis approaches (tract-based spatial statistics [TBSS], voxel-based analysis with different extents of smoothing ["VBM-style"], ROI-based analysis). We observed high test-retest reproducibility for the orientation dispersion index (ODI) and slightly worse results for the neurite density index (NDI). Our findings also suggest that the choice of analysis approach might have significant consequences for the results of a study. Collectively, the voxel-based approach with Gaussian smoothing kernels of ≥4 mm FWHM and ROI-averaging yielded the highest reproducibility across NDI and ODI maps (CVWS mostly ≤3%, ICC mostly ≥0.8), respectively, whilst smaller kernels and TBSS performed consistently worse. Furthermore, we demonstrate that image quality (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) is an important determinant of NODDI metric reproducibility. We discuss the implications of these results for longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs commonly employed in the neuroimaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lehmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Norman Aye
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Taubert
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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163
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Kato D, Wake H. Myelin plasticity modulates neural circuitry required for learning and behavior. Neurosci Res 2021; 167:11-16. [PMID: 33417972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, which form the myelin sheaths that insulate axons, regulate conduction velocity. Myelinated axons make up the brain's white matter and contribute to the efficiency of information processing by regulating the timing of neural activity. Traditionally, it has been thought that myelin is a static, inactive insulator around the axon. However, recent studies in humans using magnetic resonance imaging have shown that structural changes in the white matter occur during learning and training, suggesting that 1) white matter change depends on neural activity and 2) activity-dependent changes in white matter are essential for learning and behavior. Furthermore, suppression of oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells leads to deficits in motor learning and remote fear memory consolidation, suggesting a causal relationship between glial function and the learning process. However, for technical reasons, it remains unclear how myelin-generating glia modulate neural circuitry and what underlying mechanisms they employ to affect learning and behavior. Recent advances in optical and genetic techniques have helped elucidate this mechanism. In this review, we highlight evidence that neural activities regulated by myelin plasticity play a pivotal role in learning and behavior and provide further insight into possible therapeutic targets for treating diseases accompanied by myelin impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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164
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Zhou B, Zhu Z, Ransom BR, Tong X. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and depression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:103-117. [PMID: 33144710 PMCID: PMC7815509 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but have not led to a consensus about its pathogenesis. There are data to support several different theories of causation, including the monoamine hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes, inflammation and immune system alterations, abnormalities of neurogenesis and a conducive environmental milieu. Research in these areas and others has greatly advanced the current understanding of depression; however, there are other, less widely known theories of pathogenesis. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes, have numerous important functions, which include forming myelin sheaths that enwrap central nervous system axons, supporting axons metabolically, and mediating certain forms of neuroplasticity. These specialized glial cells have been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression. In this review, we summarize recent findings that shed light on how oligodendrocyte lineage cells might participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and we discuss new approaches for targeting these cells as a novel strategy to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butian Zhou
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce R Ransom
- Neuroscience Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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165
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Brain micro-architecture and disinhibition: a latent phenotyping study across 33 impulsive and compulsive behaviours. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:423-431. [PMID: 32919402 PMCID: PMC7116462 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive and compulsive symptoms are common, tend to co-occur, and collectively account for a substantive global disease burden. Latent phenotyping offers a promising approach to elucidate common neural mechanisms conferring vulnerability to such symptoms in the general population. We utilised the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN), a cohort of young people (aged 18-29 years) in the United Kingdom, who provided questionnaire data and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. Partial Least Squares was used to identify brain regions in which intra-cortical myelination (measured using Magnetisation Transfer, MT) was significantly associated with a disinhibition phenotype, derived from bi-factor modelling of 33 impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours. The neuroimaging sample comprised 126 participants, mean 22.8 (2.7 SD) years old, being 61.1% female. Disinhibition scores were significantly and positively associated with higher MT in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes. 1279 genes associated with disinhibition-related brain regions were identified, which were significantly enriched for functional biological interactions reflecting receptor signalling pathways. This study indicates common microstructural brain abnormalities contributing to a multitude of related, prevalent, problem behaviours characterised by disinhibition. Such a latent phenotyping approach provides insights into common neurobiological pathways, which may help to improve disease models and treatment approaches. Now that this latent phenotyping model has been validated in a general population sample, it can be extended into patient settings.
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166
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Cunniffe N, Coles A. Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268:30-44. [PMID: 31190170 PMCID: PMC7815564 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The greatest unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) are treatments that delay, prevent or reverse progression. One of the most tractable strategies to achieve this is to therapeutically enhance endogenous remyelination; doing so restores nerve conduction and prevents neurodegeneration. The biology of remyelination-centred on the activation, migration, proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors-has been increasingly clearly defined and druggable targets have now been identified in preclinical work leading to early phase clinical trials. With some phase 2 studies reporting efficacy, the prospect of licensed remyelinating treatments in MS looks increasingly likely. However, there remain many unanswered questions and recent research has revealed a further dimension of complexity to this process that has refined our view of the barriers to remyelination in humans. In this review, we describe the process of remyelination, why this fails in MS, and the latest research that has given new insights into this process. We also discuss the translation of this research into clinical trials, highlighting the treatments that have been tested to date, and the different methods of detecting remyelination in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Cunniffe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alasdair Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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167
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Aloufi AE, Rowe FJ, Meyer GF. Behavioural performance improvement in visuomotor learning correlates with functional and microstructural brain changes. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117673. [PMID: 33359355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of practice-induced functional and structural changes in our brains can help us design more effective learning environments that provide better outcomes. Although there is growing evidence from human neuroimaging that experience-dependent brain plasticity is expressed in measurable brain changes that are correlated with behavioural performance, the relationship between behavioural performance and structural or functional brain changes, and particularly the time course of these changes, is not well characterised. To understand the link between neuroplastic changes and behavioural performance, 15 healthy participants in this study followed a systematic eye movement training programme for 30 min daily at home, 5 days a week and for 6 consecutive weeks. Behavioural performance statistics and eye tracking data were captured throughout the training period to evaluate learning outcomes. Imaging data (DTI and fMRI) were collected at baseline, after two and six weeks of continuous training, and four weeks after training ended. Participants showed significant improvements in behavioural performance (faster task completion time, lower fixation number and fixation duration). Spatially overlapping reductions in microstructural diffusivity measures (MD, AD and RD) and functional activation increases (BOLD signal) were observed in two main areas: extrastriate visual cortex (V3d) and the frontal part of the cerebellum/Fastigial Oculomotor Region (FOR), which are both involved in visual processing. An increase of functional activity was also recorded in the right frontal eye field. Behavioural, structural and functional changes were correlated. Microstructural change is a better predictor for long-term behavioural change than functional activation is, whereas the latter is superior in predicting instantaneous performance. Structural and functional measures at week 2 of the training programme also predict performance at week 6 and 10, which suggests that imaging data at an early stage of training may be useful in optimising practice environments or rehabilitative training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Aloufi
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - F J Rowe
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G F Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
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168
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Garcia-Saldivar P, Garimella A, Garza-Villarreal EA, Mendez FA, Concha L, Merchant H. PREEMACS: Pipeline for preprocessing and extraction of the macaque brain surface. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117671. [PMID: 33359348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate extraction of the cortical brain surface is critical for cortical thickness estimation and a key element to perform multimodal imaging analysis, where different metrics are integrated and compared in a common space. While brain surface extraction has become widespread practice in human studies, several challenges unique to neuroimaging of non-human primates (NHP) have hindered its adoption for the study of macaques. Although, some of these difficulties can be addressed at the acquisition stage, several common artifacts can be minimized through image preprocessing. Likewise, there are several image analysis pipelines for human MRIs, but very few automated methods for extraction of cortical surfaces have been reported for NHPs and none have been tested on data from diverse sources. We present PREEMACS, a pipeline that standardizes the preprocessing of structural MRI images (T1- and T2-weighted) and carries out an automatic surface extraction of the macaque brain. Building upon and extending pre-existing tools, the first module performs volume orientation, image cropping, intensity non-uniformity correction, and volume averaging, before skull-stripping through a convolutional neural network. The second module performs quality control using an adaptation of MRIqc method to extract objective quality metrics that are then used to determine the likelihood of accurate brain surface estimation. The third and final module estimates the white matter (wm) and pial surfaces from the T1-weighted volume (T1w) using an NHP customized version of FreeSurfer aided by the T2-weighted volumes (T2w). To evaluate the generalizability of PREEMACS, we tested the pipeline using 57 T1w/T2w NHP volumes acquired at 11 different sites from the PRIME-DE public dataset. Results showed an accurate and robust automatic brain surface extraction from images that passed the quality control segment of our pipeline. This work offers a robust, efficient and generalizable pipeline for the automatic standardization of MRI surface analysis on NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Garcia-Saldivar
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Arun Garimella
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México; International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Felipe A Mendez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Luis Concha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
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169
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Shea GKH, Koljonen PA, Chan YS, Cheung KMC. Prospects of cell replacement therapy for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:275-287. [PMID: 33661584 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) presents insidiously during middle-age with deterioration in neurological function. It accounts for the most common cause of non-traumatic spinal cord injury in developed countries and disease prevalence is expected to rise with the aging population. Whilst surgery can prevent further deterioration, biological therapies may be required to restore neurological function in advanced disease. Cell replacement therapy has been inordinately focused on treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury yet holds immense promise in DCM. We build upon this thesis by reviewing the pathophysiology of DCM as revealed by cadaveric and molecular studies. Loss of oligodendrocytes and neurons occurs via apoptosis. The tissue microenvironment in DCM prior to end-stage disease is distinct from that following acute trauma, and in many ways more favourable to receiving exogenous cells. We highlight clinical considerations for cell replacement in DCM such as selection of cell type, timing and method of delivery, as well as biological treatment adjuncts. Critically, disease models often fail to mimic features of human pathology. We discuss directions for translational research towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Aarne Koljonen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Man Chee Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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170
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Post-learning micro- and macro-structural neuroplasticity changes with time and sleep. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 191:114369. [PMID: 33338474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the fact that our brain can partially modify both structure and function to adequately respond to novel environmental stimulations. Neuroplasticity mechanisms are not only operating during the acquisition of novel information (i.e., online) but also during the offline periods that take place after the end of the actual learning episode. Structural brain changes as a consequence of learning have been consistently demonstrated on the long term using non-invasive neuroimaging methods, but short-term changes remained more elusive. Fortunately, the swift development of advanced MR methods over the last decade now allows tracking fine-grained cerebral changes on short timescales beyond gross volumetric modifications stretching over several days or weeks. Besides a mere effect of time, post-learning sleep mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation and promote long-lasting changes in neural networks. Sleep was shown to contribute to structural modifications over weeks of prolonged training, but studies evidencing more rapid post-training sleep structural effects linked to memory consolidation are still scarce in human. On the other hand, animal studies convincingly show how sleep might modulate synaptic microstructure. We aim here at reviewing the literature establishing a link between different types of training/learning and the resulting structural changes, with an emphasis on the role of post-training sleep and time in tuning these modifications. Open questions are raised such as the role of post-learning sleep in macrostructural changes, the links between different MR structural measurement-related modifications and the underlying microstructural brain processes, and bidirectional influences between structural and functional brain changes.
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171
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Harkins KD, Beaulieu C, Xu J, Gore JC, Does MD. A simple estimate of axon size with diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117619. [PMID: 33301942 PMCID: PMC7949481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive estimation of mean axon diameter presents a new opportunity to explore white matter plasticity, development, and pathology. Several diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) methods have been proposed to measure the average axon diameter in white matter, but they typically require many diffusion encoding measurements and complicated mathematical models to fit the signal to multiple tissue compartments, including intra- and extra-axonal spaces. Here, Monte Carlo simulations uncovered a straightforward DW-MRI metric of axon diameter: the change in radial apparent diffusion coefficient estimated at different effective diffusion times, ΔD⊥. Simulations indicated that this metric increases monotonically within a relevant range of effective mean axon diameter while being insensitive to changes in extra-axonal volume fraction, axon diameter distribution, g-ratio, and influence of myelin water. Also, a monotonic relationship was found to exist for signals coming from both intra- and extra-axonal compartments. The slope in ΔD⊥ with effective axon diameter increased with the difference in diffusion time of both oscillating and pulsed gradient diffusion sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Harkins
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, United States; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, United States.
| | | | - Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, United States; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - John C Gore
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, United States; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, United States; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Mark D Does
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, United States; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, United States
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172
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Matuszewski J, Kossowski B, Bola Ł, Banaszkiewicz A, Paplińska M, Gyger L, Kherif F, Szwed M, Frackowiak RS, Jednoróg K, Draganski B, Marchewka A. Brain plasticity dynamics during tactile Braille learning in sighted subjects: Multi-contrast MRI approach. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117613. [PMID: 33307223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence supports the notion of diverse neurobiological processes underlying learning-induced plasticity changes in the human brain. There are still open questions about how brain plasticity depends on cognitive task complexity, how it supports interactions between brain systems and with what temporal and spatial trajectory. We investigated brain and behavioural changes in sighted adults during 8-months training of tactile Braille reading whilst monitoring brain structure and function at 5 different time points. We adopted a novel multivariate approach that includes behavioural data and specific MRI protocols sensitive to tissue properties to assess local functional and structural and myelin changes over time. Our results show that while the reading network, located in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, rapidly adapts to tactile input, sensory areas show changes in grey matter volume and intra-cortical myelin at different times. This approach has allowed us to examine and describe neuroplastic mechanisms underlying complex cognitive systems and their (sensory) inputs and (motor) outputs differentially, at a mesoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lucien Gyger
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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173
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Tymofiyeva O, Henje E, Yuan JP, Huang CY, Connolly CG, Ho TC, Bhandari S, Parks KC, Sipes BS, Yang TT, Xu D. Reduced anxiety and changes in amygdala network properties in adolescents with training for awareness, resilience, and action (TARA). Neuroimage Clin 2020; 29:102521. [PMID: 33316764 PMCID: PMC7735968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based approaches show promise to improve emotional health in youth and may help treat and prevent adolescent depression and anxiety. However, there is a fundamental gap in understanding the neural reorganization that takes place as a result of such interventions. The Training for Awareness, Resilience, and Action (TARA) program, initially developed for depressed adolescents, uses a framework drawn from neuroscience, mindfulness, yoga, and modern psychotherapeutic techniques to promote emotional health. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of the TARA training on emotional health and structural white matter brain networks in healthy youth. We analyzed data from 23 adolescents who underwent the 12-week TARA training in a controlled within-subject study design and whose brain networks were assessed using diffusion MRI connectomics. Compared to the control time period, adolescents showed a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms with TARA (Cohen's d = -0.961, p = 0.006); moreover, the node strength of the Right Amygdala decreased significantly after TARA (Cohen's d = -1.026, p = 0.004). Post-hoc analyses indicated that anxiety at baseline before TARA was positively correlated with Right Amygdala node strength (r = 0.672, p = 0.001). While change in Right Amygdala node strength with TARA was not correlated with change in anxiety (r = 0.146, p = 0.51), it was associated with change in depression subscale of Anhedonia / Negative Affect (r = 0.575, p = 0.004, exploratory analysis), possibly due to overlapping constructs captured in our anxiety and depression scales. Our results suggest that increased structural connectivity of Right Amygdala may underlie increased anxiety in adolescents and be lowered through anxiety-reducing training such as TARA. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms of TARA and may facilitate neuroscience-based prevention and treatment of adolescent anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Eva Henje
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Clinical Science/Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Justin P Yuan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Bldg 420, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA 94305-2130, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarina Bhandari
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kendall C Parks
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Benjamin S Sipes
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, BH102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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174
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Masuda Y, Okada G, Takamura M, Shibasaki C, Yoshino A, Yokoyama S, Ichikawa N, Okuhata S, Kobayashi T, Yamawaki S, Okamoto Y. White matter abnormalities and cognitive function in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01868. [PMID: 33009714 PMCID: PMC7749556 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, a growing number of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have compared white matter integrity between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, few studies have examined the pathophysiological significance of different degrees of white matter abnormalities between the two disorders. The present study comprehensively assessed white matter integrity among healthy controls (HC) and euthymic patients with MDD and BD using whole-brain tractography and examined associations between white matter integrity and cognitive functioning. METHODS We performed neurocognitive examinations and DTI with 30 HCs, 30 patients with MDD, and 30 patients with BD. We statistically evaluated white matter integrity and cognitive function differences across the three groups, assessing associations between white matter integrities and cognitive function. RESULTS The BD group showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the corpus callosum body, as well as lower, sustained attention and set-shifting scores compared to the other groups. FA for the left body of the corpus callosum was correlated with sustained attention in patients with BD. CONCLUSIONS The significant reduction of white matter integrity in the corpus callosum in BD, compared to MDD, was associated with an impairment of sustained attention. This result promotes the understanding of the significance of white matter integrity in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Masuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiyo Shibasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naho Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiho Okuhata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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175
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Lövdén M, Garzón B, Lindenberger U. Human skill learning: expansion, exploration, selection, and refinement. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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176
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Hu R, Stavish C, Leibenluft E, Linke JO. White Matter Microstructure in Individuals With and At Risk for Bipolar Disorder: Evidence for an Endophenotype From a Voxel-Based Meta-analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:1104-1113. [PMID: 32839153 PMCID: PMC11102922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant white matter (WM) microstructure has been proposed as a mechanism underlying bipolar disorder (BD). Given the strong genetic underpinnings of both WM microstructure and BD, such WM aberrations may be not only a disease marker, but also an endophenotype of BD. If so, they should be observable in individuals at risk for BD (AR) (i.e., first-degree relatives). This meta-analysis integrates evidence on perturbed WM microstructure in individuals with or at risk for BD. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature published through April 2020 identified diffusion tensor imaging studies that used a voxel-based approach to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity between individuals with BD and/or AR individuals and healthy volunteers. Effect size comparison and conjunction analysis allowed identification of endophenotypes and disease markers of BD. Effects of age, sex, mood state, and psychotropic medication were explored using meta-regressions. RESULTS We included 57 studies in individuals with BD (N = 4631) and 10 in AR individuals (N = 753). Both individuals with and at risk for BD were associated with lower FA in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum. In the BD group, decreased FA and increased radial diffusivity comprised the entire corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, fronto-orbito-polar tracts, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and were influenced by age, sex, and mood state. Studies with higher proportions of individuals taking lithium or antipsychotics reported smaller FA reductions in BD. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that abnormalities in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum may be an endophenotype for BD, and they associate BD with WM tracts relevant for working memory performance, attention, and reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hu
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caitlin Stavish
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julia O Linke
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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177
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Fuelscher I, Hyde C, Efron D, Silk TJ. Manual dexterity in late childhood is associated with maturation of the corticospinal tract. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117583. [PMID: 33221438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the important role of manual dexterity in child development, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with manual dexterity in childhood remain unclear. We leveraged fixel-based analysis (FBA) to examine the longitudinal association between manual dexterity and the development of white matter structural properties in the corticospinal tract (CST). METHODS High angular diffusion weighted imaging (HARDI) data were acquired for 44 right-handed typically developing children (22 female) aged 9-13 across two timepoints (timepoint 1: mean age 10.5 years ± 0.5 years, timepoint 2: 11.8 ± 0.5 years). Manual dexterity was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard Test, a widely used measure of manual dexterity. FBA-derived measures of fiber density and morphology were generated for the CST at each timepoint. Connectivity-based fixel enhancement and mixed linear modelling were used to examine the longitudinal association between manual dexterity and white matter structural properties of the CST. RESULTS Longitudinal mixed effects models showed that greater manual dexterity of the dominant hand was associated with increased fiber cross-section in the contralateral CST. Analyses further demonstrated that the rate of improvement in manual dexterity was associated with the rate of increase in fiber cross-section in the contralateral CST between the two timepoints. CONCLUSION Our longitudinal data suggest that the development of manual dexterity in late childhood is associated with maturation of the CST. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the neurobiological systems that subserve fine motor development and provide an important step toward mapping normative trajectories of fine motor function against microstructural and morphological development in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
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178
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Tarumi T, Thomas BP, Tseng BY, Wang C, Womack KB, Hynan L, Lu H, Cullum CM, Zhang R. Cerebral White Matter Integrity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Aerobic Exercise Training. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:489-501. [PMID: 31796677 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral white matter (WM) represents the structural substrate of neuronal communications which is damaged by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aerobic exercise training (AET) may improve WM integrity in cognitively normal older adults, but its efficacy remains unknown in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal phase of AD dementia. Therefore, we conducted a proof-of-concept study that randomized 70 amnestic MCI patients to a 1-year program of AET or a non-aerobic stretching and toning (SAT), active control group. Thirty-six patients completed both baseline and follow-up MRI scans, and cerebral WM integrity was measured by WM lesion volume and diffusion characteristics using fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery and diffusion tensor imaging respectively. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and neuropsychological function were also measured. At baseline and 1-year follow-up, WM lesion volume and diffusion characteristics were similar between the AET and SAT groups, although VO2peak significantly improved after AET. The AET group showed slight improvement in neuropsychological performance. When analyzing individual data, tract-based spatial statistics demonstrated that VO2peak improvements are associated with attenuated elevations in mean and axial diffusivities, particularly the anterior WM fiber tracts (e.g., genu of corpus callosum). In patients with amnestic MCI, we found that although AET intervention did not improve WM integrity at group level analysis, individual cardiorespiratory fitness gains were associated with improved WM tract integrity of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Binu P Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Tseng
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Ciwen Wang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle B Womack
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda Hynan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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179
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Kato D. Implications for White Matter Vulnerability to Anti-interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody Treatment. Intern Med 2020; 59:2809-2810. [PMID: 33028776 PMCID: PMC7725630 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5765-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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180
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Frizzell TO, Grajauskas LA, Liu CC, Ghosh Hajra S, Song X, D'Arcy RCN. White Matter Neuroplasticity: Motor Learning Activates the Internal Capsule and Reduces Hemodynamic Response Variability. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:509258. [PMID: 33192383 PMCID: PMC7649291 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.509258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have noted the importance of white matter changes in motor learning, but existing literature only focuses on structural and microstructural MRI changes, as there are limited tools available for in vivo investigations of white matter function. One method that has gained recent prominence is the application of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI to white matter, with high-field scanners now being able to better detect the smaller hemodynamic changes present in this tissue type compared to those in the gray matter. However, fMRI techniques have yet to be applied to investigations of neuroplastic change with motor learning in white matter. White matter function represents an unexplored component of neuroplasticity and is essential for gaining a complete understanding of learning-based changes occurring throughout the whole brain. Twelve healthy, right-handed participants completed fine motor and gross motor tasks with both hands, using an MRI compatible computer mouse. Using a crossover design along with a prior analysis approach to establish WM activation, participants received a baseline scan followed by 2 weeks of training, returning for a midpoint and endpoint scan. The motor tasks were designed to be selectively difficult for the left hand, leading to a training effect only in that condition. Analysis targeted the comparison and detection of training-associated right vs left hand changes. A statistically significant improvement in motor task score was only noted for the left-hand motor condition. A corresponding change in the temporal characteristics of the white matter hemodynamic response was shown within only the right corticospinal tract. The hemodynamic response exhibited a reduction in the dispersion characteristics after the training period. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MRI detectable functional neuroplasticity in white matter, suggesting that modifications in temporal characteristics of white matter hemodynamics may underlie functional neuroplasticity in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory O Frizzell
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lukas A Grajauskas
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Careesa C Liu
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sujoy Ghosh Hajra
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan C N D'Arcy
- Simon Fraser University ImageTech Lab, Health Science and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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181
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Mancini M, Karakuzu A, Cohen-Adad J, Cercignani M, Nichols TE, Stikov N. An interactive meta-analysis of MRI biomarkers of myelin. eLife 2020; 9:e61523. [PMID: 33084576 PMCID: PMC7647401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several MRI measures have been proposed as in vivo biomarkers of myelin, each with applications ranging from plasticity to pathology. Despite the availability of these myelin-sensitive modalities, specificity and sensitivity have been a matter of discussion. Debate about which MRI measure is the most suitable for quantifying myelin is still ongoing. In this study, we performed a systematic review of published quantitative validation studies to clarify how different these measures are when compared to the underlying histology. We analyzed the results from 43 studies applying meta-analysis tools, controlling for study sample size and using interactive visualization (https://neurolibre.github.io/myelin-meta-analysis). We report the overall estimates and the prediction intervals for the coefficient of determination and find that MT and relaxometry-based measures exhibit the highest correlations with myelin content. We also show which measures are, and which measures are not statistically different regarding their relationship with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada
- CUBRIC, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nikola Stikov
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
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182
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Anurova I, Carlson S, Rauschecker JP. Overlapping Anatomical Networks Convey Cross-Modal Suppression in the Sighted and Coactivation of "Visual" and Auditory Cortex in the Blind. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4863-4876. [PMID: 30843062 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present combined DTI/fMRI study we investigated adaptive plasticity of neural networks involved in controlling spatial and nonspatial auditory working memory in the early blind (EB). In both EB and sighted controls (SC), fractional anisotropy (FA) within the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus correlated positively with accuracy in a one-back sound localization but not sound identification task. The neural tracts passing through the cluster of significant correlation connected auditory and "visual" areas in the right hemisphere. Activity in these areas during both sound localization and identification correlated with FA within the anterior corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. In EB, FA in these structures correlated positively with activity in both auditory and "visual" areas, whereas FA in SC correlated positively with activity in auditory and negatively with activity in visual areas. The results indicate that frontal white matter conveys cross-modal suppression of occipital areas in SC, while it mediates coactivation of auditory and reorganized "visual" cortex in EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Anurova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Josef P Rauschecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich 85748, Germany
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183
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Xin W, Chan JR. Myelin plasticity: sculpting circuits in learning and memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:682-694. [PMID: 33046886 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout our lifespan, new sensory experiences and learning continually shape our neuronal circuits to form new memories. Plasticity at the level of synapses has been recognized and studied for decades, but recent work has revealed an additional form of plasticity - affecting oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheaths they produce - that plays a crucial role in learning and memory. In this Review, we summarize recent work characterizing plasticity in the oligodendrocyte lineage following sensory experience and learning, the physiological and behavioural consequences of manipulating that plasticity, and the evidence for oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders with cognitive symptoms. We also discuss the limitations of existing approaches and the conceptual and technical advances that are needed to move forward this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xin
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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184
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Lehmann N, Villringer A, Taubert M. Intrinsic Connectivity Changes Mediate the Beneficial Effect of Cardiovascular Exercise on Sustained Visual Attention. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa075. [PMID: 34296135 PMCID: PMC8152900 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular exercise (CE) is an evidence-based healthy lifestyle strategy. Yet, little is known about its effects on brain and cognition in young adults. Furthermore, evidence supporting a causal path linking CE to human cognitive performance via neuroplasticity is currently lacking. To understand the brain networks that mediate the CE-cognition relationship, we conducted a longitudinal, controlled trial with healthy human participants to compare the effects of a 2-week CE intervention against a non-CE control group on cognitive performance. Concomitantly, we used structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating between CE and cognition. On the behavioral level, we found that CE improved sustained attention, but not processing speed or short-term memory. Using graph theoretical measures and statistical mediation analysis, we found that a localized increase in eigenvector centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus, probably reflecting changes within an attention-related network, conveyed the effect of CE on cognition. Finally, we found CE-induced changes in white matter microstructure that correlated with intrinsic connectivity changes (intermodal correlation). These results suggest that CE is a promising intervention strategy to improve sustained attention via brain plasticity in young, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Mind and Brain Institute, Charité and Humboldt University, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Marco Taubert
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
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185
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De León Reyes NS, Bragg-Gonzalo L, Nieto M. Development and plasticity of the corpus callosum. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev189738. [PMID: 32988974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects the cerebral hemispheres and is the major mammalian commissural tract. It facilitates bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions, and is often affected in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CC circuits in animal models and humans. These species comparisons reveal several commonalities. First, there is an early period of massive axonal projection. Second, there is a postnatal temporal window, varying between species, in which early callosal projections are selectively refined. Third, sensory-derived activity influences axonal refinement. We also discuss how defects in CC formation can lead to mild or severe CC congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S De León Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Bragg-Gonzalo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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186
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Siehl S, Wicking M, Pohlack S, Winkelmann T, Zidda F, Steiger-White F, King J, Burgess N, Flor H, Nees F. Structural white and gray matter differences in a large sample of patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a healthy and trauma-exposed control group: Diffusion tensor imaging and region-based morphometry. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102424. [PMID: 32977211 PMCID: PMC7511745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Differences in structural white and gray matter in survivors of traumatic experiences have been related to the development and maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there are very few studies on diffusion tensor imaging and region based morphometry comparing patients with PTSD to two control groups, namely healthy individuals with or without trauma experience. It is also unknown if differences in white and gray matter are associated. In this cross-sectional study, we examined white- and gray matter differences between 44 patients with PTSD, 49 trauma control and 61 healthy control subjects. We compared the groups applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) for a whole brain white matter analysis as well as region of interest analyses for white and gray matter. First, trauma control subjects in comparison to patients with PTSD and healthy control subjects showed significantly a) higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left corticospinal tract and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus than patients with PTSD, b) higher FA in the left inferior fronto-occipital-, right inferior- and right superior longitudinal fasciculi, c) higher FA in the forceps minor and d) higher volume of the left and right anterior insulae. Second, we show significant correlations between the FA in the forceps minor and the gray matter volume in the left and right anterior insulae. Third, the mean FA value in the forceps minor correlated negatively with symptom severity of PTSD and depression as well as trait anxiety, whereas the gray matter volume in the left anterior insula correlated negatively with symptom severity in PTSD. Our findings underline the importance of brain structures critically involved in emotion regulation and salience mapping. While previous studies associated these processes primarily to functional and task-based differences in brain activity, we argue that morphometrical white and gray matter differences could serve as targets in neuroscientifically-informed prevention and treatment interventions for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Siehl
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Manon Wicking
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Pain Medicine, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pohlack
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkelmann
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francesca Zidda
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Steiger-White
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - John King
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Burgess
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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187
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Andreasen SH, Andersen KW, Conde V, Dyrby TB, Puonti O, Kammersgaard LP, Madsen CG, Madsen KH, Poulsen I, Siebner HR. Two Coarse Spatial Patterns of Altered Brain Microstructure Predict Post-traumatic Amnesia in the Subacute Stage of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:800. [PMID: 33013616 PMCID: PMC7498982 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is one of the key mechanisms leading to impaired consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, preferential regional expression of TAI in the brain may also influence clinical outcome. Aim: We addressed the question whether the regional expression of microstructural changes as revealed by whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the subacute stage after severe TBI may predict the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Method: Fourteen patients underwent whole-brain DTI in the subacute stage after severe TBI. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated for five bilateral brain regions: fronto-temporal, parieto-occipital, and midsagittal hemispheric white matter, as well as brainstem and basal ganglia. Region-specific calculation of mean FA and MD only considered voxels that showed no tissue damage, using an exclusive mask with all voxels that belonged to local brain lesions or microbleeds. Mean FA or MD of the five brain regions were entered in separate partial least squares (PLS) regression analyses to identify patterns of regional microstructural changes that account for inter-individual variations in PTA. Results: For FA, PLS analysis revealed two spatial patterns that significantly correlated with individual PTA. The lower the mean FA values in all five brain regions, the longer that PTA lasted. A pattern characterized by lower FA values in the deeper brain regions relative to the FA values in the hemispheric regions also correlated with longer PTA. Similar trends were found for MD, but opposite in sign. The spatial FA changes as revealed by PLS components predicted the duration of PTA. Individual PTA duration, as predicted by a leave-one-out cross-validation analysis, correlated with true PTA values (Spearman r = 0.68, p permutation = 0.008). Conclusion: Two coarse spatial patterns of microstructural damage, indexed as reduction in FA, were relevant to recovery of consciousness after TBI. One pattern expressed was consistent with diffuse microstructural damage across the entire brain. A second pattern was indicative of a preferential damage of deep midline brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Andreasen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services East, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kasper W. Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Virginia Conde
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim B. Dyrby
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oula Puonti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Kammersgaard
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla G. Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department for Radiology, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer H. Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Poulsen
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Unit Nursing and Health Care, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R. Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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188
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Vander Stappen C, Dricot L, Van Reybroeck M. RAN training in dyslexia: Behavioral and brain correlates. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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189
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Müller HP, Roselli F, Rasche V, Kassubek J. Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Based Studies at the Group-Level Applied to Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:734. [PMID: 32982659 PMCID: PMC7487414 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of human and non-human microstructural brain alterations in the course of neurodegenerative diseases has substantially improved by the non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Animal models (including disease or knockout models) allow for a variety of experimental manipulations, which are not applicable to humans. Thus, the DTI approach provides a promising tool for cross-species cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of the neurobiological targets and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This overview with a systematic review focuses on the principles of DTI analysis as used in studies at the group level in living preclinical models of neurodegeneration. The translational aspect from in-vivo animal models toward (clinical) applications in humans is covered as well as the DTI-based research of the non-human brains' microstructure, the methodological aspects in data processing and analysis, and data interpretation at different abstraction levels. The aim of integrating DTI in multiparametric or multimodal imaging protocols will allow the interrogation of DTI data in terms of directional flow of information and may identify the microstructural underpinnings of neurodegeneration-related patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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190
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Irmen F, Karabanov AN, Bögemann SA, Andersen KW, Madsen KH, Bisgaard T, Dyrby TB, Siebner HR. Functional and Structural Plasticity Co-express in a Left Premotor Region During Early Bimanual Skill Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:310. [PMID: 32922275 PMCID: PMC7456840 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Motor skill learning already triggers the functional reorganization of regional brain activity after short periods of training. Recent studies suggest that microstructural change may emerge at similar timescales, but the spatiotemporal profiles of functional and structural plasticity have rarely been traced in parallel. Recently, we demonstrated that 5 days of endoscopic skill training induces changes in task-related brain activity in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and other areas of the frontoparietal grasping network. Here, we analyzed microstructural data, collected during the same experiment to investigate if microstructural plasticity overlaps temporally and spatially with the training-induced changes in task-related brain activity. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine students were divided into a full-routine group (n = 20), that underwent three endoscopy training sessions in the MR-scanner as well as a 5-day virtual reality (VR)-endoscopy training and a brief-routine group (n = 19), that only performed the in-scanner endoscopy training sessions. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were collected at baseline, after the first and after the last VR-training session. Results: The full-routine group showed significant FA changes in a left-hemispheric subcortical cluster underlying the PMv region, for which we previously demonstrated functional plasticity during endoscopy training in the same sample. Functional (task-related fMRI) and structural (FA) changes showed the largest change from the first to the second scan, suggesting similar temporal dynamics. In the full-routine group, the FA change in the subcortical cluster underlying the left PMv scaled positively with the individual improvement in endoscopic surgery. Conclusion: Microstructural white-matter plasticity mirrors the spatiotemporal profile of task-dependent plasticity during a 5-day course of endoscopy skill training. The observed similarities motivate future research on the interplay between functional and structural plasticity during early skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Irmen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Ninija Karabanov
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Alida Bögemann
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Winther Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thue Bisgaard
- Surgical Department, Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Tim B. Dyrby
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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191
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Lefebvre G, Guay S, Chamard E, Theaud G, de Guise E, Bacon BA, Descoteaux M, De Beaumont L, Théoret H. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Contact and Non-Contact University-Level Sport Athletes. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:529-537. [PMID: 32640880 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subconcussive hits to the head and physical fitness both have been associated with alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure in partly overlapping areas of the brain. The aim of the present study was to determine whether WM damage associated with repeated exposure to subconcussive hits to the head in university level contact sports athletes is modulated by high levels of fitness. To this end, 72 students were recruited: 24 athletes practicing a varsity contact sport (A-CS), 24 athletes practicing a varsity non-contact sport (A-NCS), and 24 healthy non-athletes (NA). Participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging session that included diffusion-weighted imaging. Between-groups, statistical analyses were performed with diffusion tensor imaging measures extracted by tractometry of sections of the corpus callosum and the corticospinal tract. Most significant effects were found in A-NCS who exhibited higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values than A-CS in almost all segments of the corpus callosum and in the corticospinal tract. The A-NCS also showed higher FA compared with NA in the anterior regions of the corpus callosum and the corticospinal tracts. No group difference was found between the A-CS and the NA groups. These data suggest that repeated subconcussive hits to the head lead to anisotropic changes in the WM that may counteract the beneficial effects associated with high levels of fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Lefebvre
- Department of Psychology and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Guay
- Department of Psychology and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emilie Chamard
- Department of Psychology and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Theaud
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Elaine de Guise
- Department of Psychology and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Department of Psychology and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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192
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Assessment of cortical reorganization and preserved function in phantom limb pain: a methodological perspective. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11504. [PMID: 32661345 PMCID: PMC7359300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) has been associated with reorganization in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and preserved S1 function. Here we examined if methodological differences in the assessment of cortical representations might explain these findings. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging during a virtual reality movement task, analogous to the classical mirror box task, in twenty amputees with and without PLP and twenty matched healthy controls. We assessed the relationship between task-related activation maxima and PLP intensity in S1 and motor cortex (M1) in individually-defined or group-conjoint regions of interest (ROI) (overlap of task-related activation between the groups). We also measured cortical distances between both locations and correlated them with PLP intensity. Amputees compared to controls showed significantly increased activation in M1, S1 and S1M1 unrelated to PLP. Neural activity in M1 was positively related to PLP intensity in amputees with PLP when a group-conjoint ROI was chosen. The location of activation maxima differed between groups in S1 and M1. Cortical distance measures were unrelated to PLP. These findings suggest that sensory and motor maps differentially relate to PLP and that methodological differences might explain discrepant findings in the literature.
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193
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Dietary influence on central nervous system myelin production, injury, and regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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194
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Association between human gray matter metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 availability in vivo and white matter properties: a [ 11C]ABP688 PET and diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1805-1816. [PMID: 32495131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory corticofugal projections in the subcortical white matter (WM) convey signals arising from local neuronal activity in the gray matter (GM). We hypothesized that metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) availability in GM, as a surrogate marker for local glutamatergic neuronal activity, correlates with WM properties in healthy brain. We examined the relationship in healthy individuals between GM mGluR5 availability measured in vivo using [11C]ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) and WM properties measured as fractional anisotropy (FA) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-three healthy volunteers underwent this multimodal imaging. We calculated mGluR5 availability, [11C]ABP688 binding potential (BPND), using the simplified reference tissue model, and generated DTI FA maps using FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox (FDT) along with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). To investigate the relationship between mGluR5 availability and FA, we performed voxel-wise and region of interest (ROI)-based analyses. The voxel-wise analysis showed significant positive correlations between the whole cerebral GM [11C]ABP688 BPND and the FA in widespread WM regions including the corpus callosum body, internal capsule, and corona radiata (FWE corrected p < 0.05). The ROI-based analysis also revealed significant positive correlations (Bonferroni-corrected threshold p < 0.00021) between [11C]ABP688 BPND in the frontal and parietal cortical GM and FA in the internal capsule (anterior limb and retrolenticular part). Using a novel multimodal imaging interrogation, we provide the first evidence that GM mGluR5 availability is significantly positively associated with WM properties in healthy subjects. Future comparison studies could determine whether this relationship is perturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders with dysregulated mGluR5 signaling.
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195
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Saleh MG, Papantoni A, Mikkelsen M, Hui SCN, Oeltzschner G, Puts NA, Edden RAE, Carnell S. Effect of Age on GABA+ and Glutathione in a Pediatric Sample. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1099-1104. [PMID: 32381543 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain and is implicated in several neuropathologies. Glutathione is a major antioxidant in the brain and is considered a marker of oxidative stress. Several studies have reported age-related declines in GABA levels in adulthood, but the trajectory of both GABA and glutathione during childhood has not been well explored. The aim of this study is to establish how GABA and glutathione vary with age during early development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three healthy children (5.6-13.9 years of age) were recruited for this study. MR imaging/MR spectroscopy experiments were conducted on a 3T MR scanner. A 27-mL MR spectroscopy voxel was positioned in the frontal lobe. J-difference edited MR spectroscopy was used to spectrally edit GABA and glutathione. Data were analyzed using the Gannet software, and GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules/homocarnosine) and glutathione were quantified using water (GABA+H2O and GlutathioneH2O) and Cr (GABA+/Cr and glutathione/Cr) as concentration references. Also, the relative gray matter contribution to the voxel volume (GMratio) was estimated from structural images. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the association between age and GABA+H2O (and glutathioneH2O), between age and GABA+/Cr (and glutathione/Cr), and between age and GMratio. RESULTS Both GABA+H2O (r = 0.63, P = .002) and GABA+/Cr (r = 0.48, P = .026) significantly correlated with age, whereas glutathione measurements and GMratio did not. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate increases in GABA and no differences in glutathione with age in a healthy pediatric sample. This study provides insight into neuronal maturation in children and may facilitate better understanding of normative behavioral development and the pathophysiology of developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Saleh
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.) .,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Papantoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (A.P., S.C.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Mikkelsen
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.).,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S C N Hui
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.).,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G Oeltzschner
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.).,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N A Puts
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.).,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences (N.A.P.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - R A E Edden
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.).,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (M.G.S., M.M., S.C.N.H., G.O., N.A.P., R.A.E.E.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (A.P., S.C.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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196
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Venkatraman VK, Steward CE, Cox KL, Ellis KA, Phal PM, Sharman MJ, Villemagne VL, Lai MMY, Cyarto EV, Ames D, Szoeke C, Rowe CC, Masters CL, Lautenschlager NT, Desmond PM. Baseline White Matter Is Associated With Physical Fitness Change in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:115. [PMID: 32410984 PMCID: PMC7202286 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) microstructure is a sensitive marker to distinguish individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease. The association of objective physical fitness (PF) measures and WM microstructure has not been explored and mixed results reported with physical activity (PA). Longitudinal studies of WM with PA and PF measures have had limited investigation. This study explored the relationship between objective PF measures over 24-months with "normal-appearing" WM microstructure. Data acquired on magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure "normal-appearing" WM microstructure at baseline and 24-months. Clinical variables such as cognitive and blood-based measures were collected longitudinally. Also, as part of the randomized controlled trial of a PA, extensive measures of PA and fitness were obtained over the 24 months. Bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST) and the corpus callosum showed a significant association between PF performance over 24-months and baseline WM microstructural measures. There was no significant longitudinal effect of the intervention or PF performance over 24-months. Baseline WM microstructural measures were significantly associated with PF performance over 24-months in this cohort of participants with vascular risk factors and at risk of Alzheimer's disease with distinctive patterns for each PF test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Venkatraman
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher E Steward
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kay L Cox
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pramit M Phal
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Medical Imaging, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle M Y Lai
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Healthy Brain Initiative, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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197
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Inter-individual Differences in Occipital Alpha Oscillations Correlate with White Matter Tissue Properties of the Optic Radiation. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0224-19.2020. [PMID: 32156741 PMCID: PMC7189484 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0224-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations at ∼10 Hz, called alpha oscillations, are one of the most prominent components of neural oscillations in the human brain. In recent years, characteristics (power/frequency/phase) of occipital alpha oscillations have been correlated with various perceptual phenomena. However, the relationship between inter-individual differences in alpha oscillatory characteristics and the properties of the underlying brain structures, such as white matter pathways, is unclear. A possibility is that intrinsic occipital alpha oscillations are mediated by thalamocortical interaction; we hypothesized that the most promising candidate for characterizing the intrinsic alpha oscillation is optic radiation (OR), which is the geniculo-cortical pathway carrying signals between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1). We used resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion-weighted/quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (dMRI/qMRI) to correlate the frequency and power of occipital alpha oscillations with the tissue properties of the OR by focusing on the different characteristics across individuals. We found that the peak alpha frequency (PAF) negatively correlated with intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), reflecting diffusion properties in intracellular (axonal) space, whereas the peak alpha power was not correlated with any tissue properties measurements. No significant correlation was found between OR and beta frequency/amplitude or between other white matter tract connecting parietal and inferotemporal cortex and alpha frequency/amplitude. These results support the hypothesis that an interaction between thalamic nuclei and early visual areas is essential for the occipital alpha oscillatory rhythm.
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198
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Radhakrishnan H, Stark SM, Stark CEL. Microstructural Alterations in Hippocampal Subfields Mediate Age-Related Memory Decline in Humans. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:94. [PMID: 32327992 PMCID: PMC7161377 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, even in the absence of clear pathology of dementia, is associated with cognitive decline. Neuroimaging, especially diffusion-weighted imaging, has been highly valuable in understanding some of these changes in live humans, non-invasively. Traditional tensor techniques have revealed that the integrity of the fornix and other white matter tracts significantly deteriorates with age, and that this deterioration is highly correlated with worsening cognitive performance. However, traditional tensor techniques are still not specific enough to indict explicit microstructural features that may be responsible for age-related cognitive decline and cannot be used to effectively study gray matter properties. Here, we sought to determine whether recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging, including Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution, would provide more sensitive measures of age-related changes in the microstructure of the medial temporal lobe. We evaluated these measures in a group of young (ages 20-38 years old) and older (ages 59-84 years old) adults and assessed their relationships with performance on tests of cognition. We found that the fiber density (FD) of the fornix and the neurite density index (NDI) of the fornix, hippocampal subfields (DG/CA3, CA1, and subiculum), and parahippocampal cortex, varied as a function of age in a cross-sectional cohort. Moreover, in the fornix, DG/CA3, and CA1, these changes correlated with memory performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), even after regressing out the effect of age, suggesting that they were capturing neurobiological properties directly related to performance in this task. These measures provide more details regarding age-related neurobiological properties. For example, a change in fiber density could mean a reduction in axonal packing density or myelination, and the increase in NDI observed might be explained by changes in dendritic complexity or even sprouting. These results provide a far more comprehensive view than previously determined on the possible system-wide processes that may be occurring because of healthy aging and demonstrate that advanced diffusion-weighted imaging is evolving into a powerful tool to study more than just white matter properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shauna M. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Craig E. L. Stark
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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199
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Sampaio-Baptista C, Vallès A, Khrapitchev AA, Akkermans G, Winkler AM, Foxley S, Sibson NR, Roberts M, Miller K, Diamond ME, Martens GJM, De Weerd P, Johansen-Berg H. White matter structure and myelin-related gene expression alterations with experience in adult rats. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 187:101770. [PMID: 32001310 PMCID: PMC7086231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) plasticity during adulthood is a recently described phenomenon by which experience can shape brain structure. It has been observed in humans using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and myelination has been suggested as a possible mechanism. Here, we set out to identify molecular and cellular changes associated with WM plasticity measured by DTI. We combined DTI, immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis and examined the effects of somatosensory experience in adult rats. First, we observed experience-induced DTI differences in WM and in grey matter structure. C-Fos mRNA expression, a marker of cortical activity, in the barrel cortex correlated with the MRI WM metrics, indicating that molecular correlates of cortical activity relate to macroscale measures of WM structure. Analysis of myelin-related genes revealed higher myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA expression. Higher MBP protein expression was also found via immunohistochemistry in WM. Finally, unbiased RNA sequencing analysis identified 134 differentially expressed genes encoding proteins involved in functions related to cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of myelination and neuronal activity modulation. In conclusion, macroscale measures of WM plasticity are supported by both molecular and cellular evidence and confirm that myelination is one of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Sampaio-Baptista
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Astrid Vallès
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Guus Akkermans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sean Foxley
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark Roberts
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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200
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Suárez-Pozos E, Thomason EJ, Fuss B. Glutamate Transporters: Expression and Function in Oligodendrocytes. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:551-560. [PMID: 30628017 PMCID: PMC6616022 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), is well known as a regulator of neuronal plasticity and neurodevelopment. Such glutamate function is thought to be mediated primarily by signaling through glutamate receptors. Thus, it requires a tight regulation of extracellular glutamate levels and a fine-tuned homeostasis that, when dysregulated, has been associated with a wide range of central pathologies including neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the mammalian CNS, extracellular glutamate levels are controlled by a family of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters belonging to the solute carrier family 1 (SLC1) that are also referred to as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The presumed main function of EAATs has been best described in the context of synaptic transmission where EAATs expressed by astrocytes and neurons effectively regulate extracellular glutamate levels so that synapses can function independently. There is, however, increasing evidence that EAATs are expressed by cells other than astrocytes and neurons, and that they exhibit functions beyond glutamate clearance. In this review, we will focus on the expression and functions of EAATs in the myelinating cells of the CNS, oligodendrocytes. More specifically, we will discuss potential roles of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs in contributing to extracellular glutamate homeostasis, and in regulating oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination by exerting signaling functions that have traditionally been associated with glutamate receptors. In addition, we will provide some examples for how dysregulation of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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