151
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Chen S, Sang N. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1: A Critical Player in the Survival Strategy of Stressed Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:267-78. [PMID: 26206147 PMCID: PMC4715696 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1 activation has been well known as an adaptive strategy to hypoxia. Recently it became clear that hypoxia was often accompanied by insufficient supply of glucose or amino acids as a common result of poor circulation that frequently occurs in solid tumors and ischemic lesions, creating a mixed nutrient insufficiency. In response to nutrient insufficiency, stressed cells elicit survival strategies including activation of AMPK and HIF-1 to cope with the stress. Particularly, in solid tumors, HIF-1 promotes cell survival and migration, stimulates angiogenesis, and induces resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Interestingly, radiation and some chemotherapeutics are reported to trigger the activation of AMPK. Here we discuss the recent advances that may potentially link the stress responsive mechanisms including AMPK activation, ATF4 activation and the enhancement of Hsp70/Hsp90 function to HIF-1 activation. Potential implication and application of the stress-facilitated HIF-1 activation in solid tumors and ischemic disorders will be discussed. A better understanding of HIF-1 activation in cells exposed to stresses is expected to facilitate the design of therapeutic approaches that specifically modulate cell survival strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nianli Sang
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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152
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DelNero P, Fischbach C. Engineered tumours: Roll-on scaffolds. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:138-139. [PMID: 26796732 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter DelNero
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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153
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Cuperlovic-Culf M, Cormier K, Touaibia M, Reyjal J, Robichaud S, Belbraouet M, Turcotte S. (1)H NMR metabolomics analysis of renal cell carcinoma cells: Effect of VHL inactivation on metabolism. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2439-49. [PMID: 26620126 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an onco-suppressor involved in oxygen and energy-dependent promotion of protein ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Loss of function mutations of VHL (VHL-cells) result in organ specific cancers with the best studied example in renal cell carcinomas. VHL has a well-established role in deactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and in regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity. Cell culture metabolomics analysis was utilized to determined effect of VHL and HIF-1α or HIF-2α on metabolism of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). RCC cells were stably transfected with VHL or shRNA designed to silence HIF-1α or HIF-2α genes. Obtained metabolic data was analysed qualitatively, searching for overall effects on metabolism as well as quantitatively, using methods developed in our group in order to determine specific metabolic changes. Analysis of the effect of VHL and HIF silencing on cellular metabolic footprints and fingerprints provided information about the metabolic pathways affected by VHL through HIF function as well as independently of HIF. Through correlation network analysis as well as statistical analysis of significant metabolic changes we have determined effects of VHL and HIF on energy production, amino acid metabolism, choline metabolism as well as cell regulation and signaling. VHL was shown to influence cellular metabolism through its effect on HIF proteins as well as by affecting activity of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- National Research Council of Canada, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Kevin Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Julie Reyjal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Sarah Robichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mehdi Belbraouet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Sandra Turcotte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université De Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
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154
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Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Reitano R, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. Parkin modulates expression of HIF-1α and HIF-3α during hypoxia in gliobastoma-derived cell lines in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:465-474. [PMID: 26742768 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the Parkin gene causes an autosomal recessive juvenile-onset form of Parkinson's disease. However, recently, it has been also linked to a wide variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this pathology, Parkin exhibits a tumor suppressor role by mitigating the proliferation rate in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, Parkin involvement in the hypoxic process has not as yet been investigated. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is characterized by hypoxic areas. The low oxygen supply causes the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) leading to an accumulation of pro-angiogenic factors and tumoral invasiveness. We assess the relationship between Parkin and two HIFs expressed during hypoxic conditions, namely HIF-1α and HIF-3α. Our data show that Parkin is downregulated under hypoxia and that it interferes with HIF expression based on cellular oxygen tension. These results suggest a role for the involvement of Parkin in GBM, although further studies will be needed to understand the mechanism by which it modulates HIF-1α and HIF-3α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
- San Raffaele Telematic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Reitano
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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155
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Noncoding RNAs in Regulation of Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 927:191-215. [PMID: 27376736 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the description of the Warburg effect 90 years ago, metabolic reprogramming has been gradually recognized as a major hallmark of cancer cells. Mounting evidence now indicates that cancer is a kind of metabolic disease, quite distinct from conventional perception. While metabolic alterations in cancer cells have been extensively observed in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, its underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. Noncoding RNA, also known as the "dark matter in life," functions through various mechanisms at RNA level regulating different biological pathways. The last two decades have witnessed the booming of noncoding RNA study on microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), etc. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs on cancer metabolism.
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156
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Arora A, Singh S, Bhatt AN, Pandey S, Sandhir R, Dwarakanath BS. Interplay Between Metabolism and Oncogenic Process: Role of microRNAs. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2015; 7:11-27. [PMID: 26740741 PMCID: PMC4696840 DOI: 10.4137/tog.s29652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that arises from the alterations in the composition and regulation of several genes leading to the disturbances in signaling pathways, resulting in the dysregulation of cell proliferation and death as well as the ability of transformed cells to invade the host tissue and metastasize. It is increasingly becoming clear that metabolic reprograming plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, targeting this phenotype is considered as a promising approach for the development of therapeutics and adjuvants. The process of metabolic reprograming is linked to the activation of oncogenes and/or suppression of tumor suppressor genes, which are further regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) that play important roles in the interplay between oncogenic process and metabolic reprograming. Looking at the advances made in the recent past, it appears that the translation of knowledge from research in the areas of metabolism, miRNA, and therapeutic response will lead to paradigm shift in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Arora
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.; Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.; Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
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157
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Abstract
There is an important and strong, but complex influence of the tumor microenvironment on tumor cells' phenotype, aggressiveness, and treatment sensitivity. One of the most frequent and best-studied aspects of the tumor microenvironment is hypoxia. Low oxygen tension often occurs in tumor cells by several mechanisms, for example, poor angiogenesis and increased oxygen consumption. Hypoxia is a heterogeneous concept with oxygen tensions ranging from <0.01% (anoxia) to 5%, and can be chronic, acute, or cycling, all with differential effects on tumor cells. Quantification of tumor hypoxia can be performed directly or indirectly, and with exogenous or endogenous markers. Tumor cells launch different intracellular signaling pathways to survive hypoxia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1-mediated gene expression, the unfolded protein response, and AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. These pathways induce aggressive, metastatic, and treatment-insensitive tumors and are considered potential targets for (additive) therapy. Hypoxia leads to important, yet currently not well-understood changes in microRNA expression, epigenetics, and metabolism. Further, treatment-insensitive tumors arise through hypoxia-induced Darwinian selection of apoptosis-deficient, p53-mutated tumor cells. In conclusion, hypoxia has profound and largely still poorly understood effects on tumor cells with a major effect on the tumor's biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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158
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Courtnay R, Ngo DC, Malik N, Ververis K, Tortorella SM, Karagiannis TC. Cancer metabolism and the Warburg effect: the role of HIF-1 and PI3K. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:841-51. [PMID: 25689954 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have been shown to have altered metabolism when compared to normal non-malignant cells. The Warburg effect describes a phenomenon in which cancer cells preferentially metabolize glucose by glycolysis, producing lactate as an end product, despite being the presence of oxygen. The phenomenon was first described by Otto Warburg in the 1920s, and has resurfaced as a controversial theory, with both supportive and opposing arguments. The biochemical aspects of the Warburg effect outline a strong explanation for the cause of cancer cell proliferation, by providing the biological requirements for a cell to grow. Studies have shown that pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) as well as hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) are central regulators of glycolysis, cancer metabolism and cancer cell proliferation. Studies have shown that PI3K signaling pathways have a role in many cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, cell survival, motility and cancer progression. Herein, the cellular aspects of the PI3K pathway are described, as well as the influence HIF has on cancer cell metabolism. HIF-1 activation has been related to angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and modulation of key enzymes involved in aerobic glycolysis, thereby modulating key processes required for the Warburg effect. In this review we discuss the molecular aspects of the Warburg effect with a particular emphasis on the role of the HIF-1 and the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Courtnay
- Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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159
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Furuta C, Miyamoto T, Takagi T, Noguchi Y, Kaneko J, Itoh S, Watanabe T, Itoh F. Transforming growth factor-β signaling enhancement by long-term exposure to hypoxia in a tumor microenvironment composed of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1524-33. [PMID: 26296946 PMCID: PMC4714699 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a potent growth inhibitor in normal epithelial cells. However, a number of malignant tumors produce excessive amounts of TGF‐β, which affects the tumor‐associated microenvironment by furthering the progression of tumorigenicity. Although it is known that the tumor‐associated microenvironment often becomes hypoxic, how hypoxia influences TGF‐β signaling in this microenvironment is unknown. We investigated whether TGF‐β signaling is influenced by long‐term exposure to hypoxia in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. When the cells were exposed to hypoxia for more than 10 days, their morphology was remarkably changed to a spindle shape, and TGF‐β‐induced Smad2 phosphorylation was enhanced. Concomitantly, TGF‐β‐induced transcriptional activity was augmented under hypoxia, although TGF‐β did not influence the activity of a hypoxia‐responsive reporter. Consistently, hypoxia influenced the expression of several TGF‐β target genes. Interestingly, the expressions of TGF‐β type I receptor (TβRI), also termed activin receptor like kinase‐5 (ALK5), and TGF‐β1 were increased under the hypoxic condition. When we monitored the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) transcriptional activity by use of green fluorescent protein governed by the hypoxia‐responsive element in LLC cells transplanted into mice, TGF‐β‐induced Smad2 phosphorylation was upregulated in vivo. Our results demonstrate that long‐term exposure to hypoxia might alter responsiveness to TGF‐β signaling and affected the malignancy of LLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Furuta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takagi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Noguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jyunya Kaneko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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160
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Zeng L, Morinibu A, Kobayashi M, Zhu Y, Wang X, Goto Y, Yeom CJ, Zhao T, Hirota K, Shinomiya K, Itasaka S, Yoshimura M, Guo G, Hammond EM, Hiraoka M, Harada H. Aberrant IDH3α expression promotes malignant tumor growth by inducing HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 34:4758-66. [PMID: 25531325 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells gain a growth advantage through the so-called Warburg effect by shifting glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has been suggested to function in metabolic reprogramming; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We found that the aberrant expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α), a subunit of the IDH3 heterotetramer, decreased α-ketoglutarate levels and increased the stability and transactivation activity of HIF-1α in cancer cells. The silencing of IDH3α significantly delayed tumor growth by suppressing the HIF-1-mediated Warburg effect and angiogenesis. IDH3α expression was associated with the poor postoperative overall survival of lung and breast cancer patients. These results justify the exploitation of IDH3 as a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - A Morinibu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C J Yeom
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - K Hirota
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Shinomiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Itasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - G Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - E M Hammond
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hiraoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
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161
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Glucose metabolism in NSCLC is histology-specific and diverges the prognostic potential of 18FDG-PET for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:1485-93. [PMID: 25170642 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological features of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) are important determinants for prognosis. In this study, differences in glucose metabolism between adeno- and squamous cell NSCLCs were quantified using the hypoxia and glycolysis-related markers glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) vasculature, and 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-uptake. Relevance of these markers for disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. METHODS Patients with curatively resected stage I to II and resectable stage IIIA, cN0-1 adeno- or squamous cell NSCLC, of whom fresh-frozen lung resection biopsies and pretreatment FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) scans were available, were included in this study (n = 108). FDG-uptake was quantified by calculating total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Metabolic marker expression was measured by immunofluorescent staining (protein) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA]). Patients were retrospectively evaluated for DFS. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of metabolic markers, with the exception of MCT4, and TLG were higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas, whereas adenocarcinomas were better vascularized. Adenocarcinomas had a worse DFS compared with squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.016) based on the potential to metastasize. High TLG was associated with a worse DFS only in adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the adenocarcinomas exhibit glycolysis under normoxic conditions, whereas squamous cell carcinomas are exposed to diffusion-limited hypoxia resulting in a very high anaerobic glycolytic rate. Although squamous cell carcinomas have a higher FDG-uptake, in general regarded as a poor prognostic factor, adenocarcinomas have a higher metastatic potential and a worse DFS. These findings show that FDG-PET should be interpreted in relation to histology. This may improve the prognostic potential of FDG-PET and may aid in exploiting FDG-PET in treatment strategies allied to histology.
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162
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Chekulayev V, Mado K, Shevchuk I, Koit A, Kaldma A, Klepinin A, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Kandashvili M, Ounpuu L, Heck K, Truu L, Planken A, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Metabolic remodeling in human colorectal cancer and surrounding tissues: alterations in regulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolic fluxes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:111-125. [PMID: 29124194 PMCID: PMC5668899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to evaluate whether or not there is glycolytic reprogramming in the neighboring cells of colorectal cancer (CRC). Using postoperative material we have compared the functional capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in CRC cells, their glycolytic activity and their inclination to aerobic glycolysis, with those of the surrounding and healthy colon tissue cells. Experiments showed that human CRC cannot be considered a hypoxic tumor, since the malignancy itself and cells surrounding it exhibited even higher rates of OXPHOS than healthy large intestine. The absence of acute hypoxia in colorectal carcinomas was also confirmed by their practically equal glucose-phosphorylating capacity as compared with surrounding non-tumorous tissue and by upregulation of VEGF family and their ligands. Studies indicated that human CRC cells in vivo exert a strong distant effect on the energy metabolism of neighboring cells, so that they acquire the bioenergetic parameters specific to the tumor itself. The growth of colorectal carcinomas was associated with potent downregulation of the creatine kinase system. As compared with healthy colon tissue, the tumor surrounding cells display upregulation of OXPHOS and have high values of basal and ADP activated respiration rates. Strong differences between the normal and CRC cells in the affinity of their mitochondria for ADP were revealed; the corresponding Km values were measured as 93.6±7.7 µM for CRC cells and 84.9±9.9 µM for nearby tissue; both these apparent Km (ADP) values were considerably (by almost 3 times) lower in comparison with healthy colon tissue cells (256±34 µM). Human colorectal cancer is not a pure hypoxic tumor of the Warburg phenotype. The total hexokinase activity of CRC cells is close to that in nearby tissues. In the tumor there is overexpression of VEGFs (A, B, and C) and their receptors. CRC has higher rates of OXPHOS as compared with healthy tissue cells. Tumor-surrounding cells cannot fuel via a lactate shunt the growth of CRC cells.
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Key Words
- AK, adenylate kinase
- ANT, adenine nucleotide translocator
- AP5A, diadenosine pentaphosphate
- ATP-synthasome
- BB-CK, – brain type creatine kinase
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAT, carboxyatractyloside
- CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype
- CK, creatine kinase
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Energy metabolism
- FDG, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose
- Glycolysis
- HK, hexokinase
- Human colorectal cancer
- Km, Michaelis–Menten constant
- MI, Mitochondrial Interactosome
- MOM, mitochondrial outer membrane
- Mitochondria
- OXPHOS
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PCr, phosphocreatine
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PYK, pyruvate kinase
- Respiration
- TMPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
- V0, basal respiration level
- VDAC, voltage dependent anion channel
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vm, maximal respiration rate
- qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- uMtCK, ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrus Kaldma
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Laura Truu
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Competence Centre for Cancer Research, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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163
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Karakashev SV, Reginato MJ. Progress toward overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance to solid tumor therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2015; 7:253-64. [PMID: 26316817 PMCID: PMC4542411 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s58285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors are associated with poor clinical outcome for multiple types of human cancer. This may be due, in part, to hypoxic cancer cells being resistant to anticancer therapy, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Hypoxia inducible factor 1, a major regulator of cellular response to hypoxia, regulates the expression of genes that are involved in multiple aspects of cancer biology, including cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, invasion, and angiogenesis. Here, we review multiple pathways regulated by hypoxia/hypoxia inducible factor 1 in cancer cells and discuss the latest advancements in overcoming hypoxia-mediated tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Karakashev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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164
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Dai Q, Yin Q, Wei L, Zhou Y, Qiao C, Guo Y, Wang X, Ma S, Lu N. Oroxylin A regulates glucose metabolism in response to hypoxic stress with the involvement of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1275-89. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinsheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Qian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Chen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami Florida
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami Florida
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
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165
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Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the frontiers of cancer and non-cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:639-44. [PMID: 26551705 PMCID: PMC4613493 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism to their increased needs for energy and substrates for protein, lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. Nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway is usually activated in cancers and has been suggested to promote cancer cell survival mainly by inducing a large battery of cytoprotective genes. This mini review focuses on metabolic pathways, beyond cytoprotection, which can be directly or indirectly regulated by Nrf2 in cancer cells to affect their survival. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is enhanced by Nrf2 in cancers and aids their growth. PPP has also been found to be up-regulated in non-cancer tissues and other pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, have been found to be repressed after activation of the Nrf2 pathway. The importance of these Nrf2-regulated metabolic pathways in cancer compared with non-cancer state remains to be determined. Last but not least, the importance of context about Nrf2 and cancer is highlighted as the Nrf2 pathway may be activated in cancers but its pharmacological activators are useful in chemoprevention.
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166
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Kocabas F, Xie L, Xie J, Yu Z, DeBerardinis RJ, Kimura W, Thet S, Elshamy AF, Abouellail H, Muralidhar S, Liu X, Chen C, Sadek HA, Zhang CC, Zheng J. Hypoxic metabolism in human hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Biosci 2015. [PMID: 26221532 PMCID: PMC4517642 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in a microenvironment, known as niche in the endosteal regions of the bone marrow. This stem cell niche with low oxygen tension requires HSCs to adopt a unique metabolic profile. We have recently demonstrated that mouse long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) utilize glycolysis instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as their main energy source. However, the metabolic phenotype of human hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HPSCs) remains unknown. Results We show that HPSCs have a similar metabolic phenotype, as shown by high rates of glycolysis, and low rates of oxygen consumption. Fractionation of human mobilized peripheral blood cells based on their metabolic footprint shows that cells with a low mitochondrial potential are highly enriched for HPSCs. Remarkably, low MP cells had much better repopulation ability as compared to high MP cells. Moreover, similar to their murine counterparts, we show that Hif-1α is upregulated in human HPSCs, where it is transcriptionally regulated by Meis1. Finally, we show that Meis1 and its cofactors Pbx1 and HoxA9 play an important role in transcriptional activation of Hif-1α in a cooperative manner. Conclusions These findings highlight the unique metabolic properties of human HPSCs and the transcriptional network that regulates their metabolic phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0020-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kocabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755 Turkey
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongqing South Road 280, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Bingzhou Medical University, Taishan Scholar Program, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongqing South Road 280, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - SuWannee Thet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Ahmed F Elshamy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, El Galaa Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Shalini Muralidhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongqing South Road 280, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongqing South Road 280, Shanghai, 200025 China
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167
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Woo YM, Shin Y, Lee EJ, Lee S, Jeong SH, Kong HK, Park EY, Kim HK, Han J, Chang M, Park JH. Inhibition of Aerobic Glycolysis Represses Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α Axis and Restores Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132285. [PMID: 26158266 PMCID: PMC4497721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is often observed in the majority of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers and it remains as a serious clinical problem in breast cancer management. Increased aerobic glycolysis has been proposed as one of the mechanisms for acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cells such as adriamycin. Herein, we report that the glycolysis rates in LCC2 and LCC9—tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines derived from MCF7— are higher than those in MCF7S, which is the parent MCF7 subline. Inhibition of key glycolytic enzyme such as hexokinase-2 resulted in cell growth retardation at higher degree in LCC2 and LCC9 than that in MCF7S. This implies that increased aerobic glycolysis even under O2-rich conditions, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, is closely associated with tamoxifen resistance. We found that HIF-1α is activated via an Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in LCC2 and LCC9 cells without hypoxic condition. Importantly, specific inhibition of hexokinase-2 suppressed the activity of Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α axis in LCC2 and LCC9 cells. In addition, the phosphorylated AMPK which is a negative regulator of mTOR was decreased in LCC2 and LCC9 cells compared to MCF7S. Interestingly, either the inhibition of mTOR activity or increase in AMPK activity induced a reduction in lactate accumulation and cell survival in the LCC2 and LCC9 cells. Taken together, our data provide evidence that development of tamoxifen resistance may be driven by HIF-1α hyperactivation via modulation of Akt/mTOR and/or AMPK signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggest that the HIF-1α hyperactivation is a critical marker of increased aerobic glycolysis in accordance with tamoxifen resistance and thus restoration of aerobic glycolysis may be novel therapeutic target for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Shin
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Hyun Kyung Kong
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Korea
- * E-mail: (MC); (JP)
| | - Jong-Hoon Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MC); (JP)
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168
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Woolf EC, Curley KL, Liu Q, Turner GH, Charlton JA, Preul MC, Scheck AC. The Ketogenic Diet Alters the Hypoxic Response and Affects Expression of Proteins Associated with Angiogenesis, Invasive Potential and Vascular Permeability in a Mouse Glioma Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130357. [PMID: 26083629 PMCID: PMC4470583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The successful treatment of malignant gliomas remains a challenge despite the current standard of care, which consists of surgery, radiation and temozolomide. Advances in the survival of brain cancer patients require the design of new therapeutic approaches that take advantage of common phenotypes such as the altered metabolism found in cancer cells. It has therefore been postulated that the high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate protein ketogenic diet (KD) may be useful in the treatment of brain tumors. We have demonstrated that the KD enhances survival and potentiates standard therapy in a mouse model of malignant glioma, yet the mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods To explore the effects of the KD on various aspects of tumor growth and progression, we used the immunocompetent, syngeneic GL261-Luc2 mouse model of malignant glioma. Results Tumors from animals maintained on KD showed reduced expression of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase 9, hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha, and decreased activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Additionally, tumors from animals maintained on KD had reduced tumor microvasculature and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vimentin. Peritumoral edema was significantly reduced in animals fed the KD and protein analyses showed altered expression of zona occludens-1 and aquaporin-4. Conclusions The KD directly or indirectly alters the expression of several proteins involved in malignant progression and may be a useful tool for the treatment of gliomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aquaporin 4/genetics
- Aquaporin 4/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/blood supply
- Brain Neoplasms/diet therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX
- Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics
- Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism
- Cell Membrane Permeability
- Diet, Ketogenic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glioma/blood supply
- Glioma/diet therapy
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/pathology
- Hypoxia/diet therapy
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/diet therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/genetics
- Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Woolf
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, United States of America
| | - Kara L. Curley
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
| | - Qingwei Liu
- BNI-ASU Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
| | - Gregory H. Turner
- BNI-ASU Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Charlton
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
| | - Adrienne C. Scheck
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, United States of America
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute dba St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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169
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Poff AM, Ward N, Seyfried TN, Arnold P, D’Agostino DP. Non-Toxic Metabolic Management of Metastatic Cancer in VM Mice: Novel Combination of Ketogenic Diet, Ketone Supplementation, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127407. [PMID: 26061868 PMCID: PMC4464523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect and tumor hypoxia underlie a unique cancer metabolic phenotype characterized by glucose dependency and aerobic fermentation. We previously showed that two non-toxic metabolic therapies - the ketogenic diet with concurrent hyperbaric oxygen (KD+HBOT) and dietary ketone supplementation - could increase survival time in the VM-M3 mouse model of metastatic cancer. We hypothesized that combining these therapies could provide an even greater therapeutic benefit in this model. Mice receiving the combination therapy demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor growth rate and metastatic spread, and lived twice as long as control animals. To further understand the effects of these metabolic therapies, we characterized the effects of high glucose (control), low glucose (LG), ketone supplementation (βHB), hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT), or combination therapy (LG+βHB+HBOT) on VM-M3 cells. Individually and combined, these metabolic therapies significantly decreased VM-M3 cell proliferation and viability. HBOT, alone or in combination with LG and βHB, increased ROS production in VM-M3 cells. This study strongly supports further investigation into this metabolic therapy as a potential non-toxic treatment for late-stage metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - N. Ward
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - T. N. Seyfried
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - P. Arnold
- Savind, Inc. Seymour, Illinois, United States of America
| | - D. P. D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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170
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Hammami A, Charpentier T, Smans M, Stäger S. IRF-5-Mediated Inflammation Limits CD8+ T Cell Expansion by Inducing HIF-1α and Impairing Dendritic Cell Functions during Leishmania Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004938. [PMID: 26046638 PMCID: PMC4457842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is known to be necessary for promoting, sustaining, and tuning CD8+ T cell responses. Following experimental Leishmania donovani infection, the inflammatory response is mainly induced by the transcription factor IRF-5. IRF-5 is responsible for the activation of several genes encoding key pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF. Here, we investigate the role of IRF-5-mediated inflammation in regulating antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses during L. donovani infection. Our data demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by IRF-5 limits CD8+ T cell expansion and induces HIF-1α in dendritic cells. Ablation of HIF-1α in CD11c+ cells resulted into a higher frequency of short-lived effector cells (SLEC), enhanced CD8+ T cell expansion, and increased IL-12 expression by splenic DCs. Moreover, mice with a targeted depletion of HIF-1α in CD11c+ cells had a significantly lower splenic parasite burden, suggesting that induction of HIF-1α may represent an immune evasive mechanism adopted by Leishmania parasites to establish persistent infections. Inflammation is essential for inducing, sustaining, and regulating CD8+ T cell responses. The transcription factor IRF-5 is mainly responsible for initiating the inflammatory response following experimental Leishmani donovani infection. IRF-5 activates several genes encoding key pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF. In this study, we investigate the role of IRF-5-mediated inflammation in regulating antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses during L. donovani infection. Our data demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by IRF-5 limits the expansion CD8+ T cell. This negative effect is mediated by the induction of HIF-1α in dendritic cells. Indeed, we observed a significant increase in CD8+ T cell expansion in mice lacking HIF-1α expression in dendritic cells. Moreover, these mice had a significantly lower parasite burden in the spleen, suggesting that induction of HIF-1α may represent an immune evasive mechanism adopted by Leishmania parasites to establish persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil Hammami
- INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mélina Smans
- INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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171
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Hu Z, Brooks SA, Dormoy V, Hsu CW, Hsu HY, Lin LT, Massfelder T, Rathmell WK, Xia M, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Brown DG, Prudhomme KR, Colacci A, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Lowe L, Jensen L, Bisson WH, Kleinstreuer N. Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: focus on the cancer hallmark of tumor angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S184-202. [PMID: 26106137 PMCID: PMC4492067 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the important 'hallmarks' of cancer is angiogenesis, which is the process of formation of new blood vessels that are necessary for tumor expansion, invasion and metastasis. Under normal physiological conditions, angiogenesis is well balanced and controlled by endogenous proangiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors. However, factors produced by cancer cells, cancer stem cells and other cell types in the tumor stroma can disrupt the balance so that the tumor microenvironment favors tumor angiogenesis. These factors include vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial tissue factor and other membrane bound receptors that mediate multiple intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Though environmental exposures to certain chemicals have been found to initiate and promote tumor development, the role of these exposures (particularly to low doses of multiple substances), is largely unknown in relation to tumor angiogenesis. This review summarizes the evidence of the role of environmental chemical bioactivity and exposure in tumor angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. We identify a number of ubiquitous (prototypical) chemicals with disruptive potential that may warrant further investigation given their selectivity for high-throughput screening assay targets associated with proangiogenic pathways. We also consider the cross-hallmark relationships of a number of important angiogenic pathway targets with other cancer hallmarks and we make recommendations for future research. Understanding of the role of low-dose exposure of chemicals with disruptive potential could help us refine our approach to cancer risk assessment, and may ultimately aid in preventing cancer by reducing or eliminating exposures to synergistic mixtures of chemicals with carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 614 685 4606; Fax: +1-614-247-7205;
| | - Samira A. Brooks
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- INSERM U1113, team 3 “Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer”, University of Strasbourg, Facultée de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chia-Wen Hsu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM U1113, team 3 “Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer”, University of Strasbourg, Facultée de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kalan R. Prudhomme
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roslida A. Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate
, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, WashingtonDC 20057, USA
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advance Research), King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, WashingtonDC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K. Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden and
| | - William H. Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., in support of the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, NIEHS, MD K2-16, RTP, NC 27709, USA
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172
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Lemaire L, Franconi F, Siegler B, Legendre C, Garcion E. In vitro expansion of U87-MG human glioblastoma cells under hypoxic conditions affects glucose metabolism and subsequent in vivo growth. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7699-710. [PMID: 25934335 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors leading to the over expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein and therefore to a specific cellular behavior. However, even though the oxygen tension in tumors is low (<5 %), most of the cell lines used in cancer studies are grown under 21 % oxygen tension. This work focuses on the impact of oxygen conditions during in vitro cell culture on glucose metabolism using 1-(13)C-glucose. Growing U87-MG glioma cells under hypoxic conditions leads to a two- to threefold reduction of labeled glutamine and an accumulation of fructose. However, under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, glucose is used for de novo synthesis of pyrimidine since the (13)C label is found both in the uracil and ribose moieties. Labeling of the ribose ring demonstrates that U87-MG glioma cells use the reversible branch of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, stereotactic implantation of U87-MG cells grown under normoxia or mild hypoxia within the striatum of nude mice led to differential growth; the cells grown under hypoxia retaining an imprint of the oxygen adaptation as their development is then slowed down.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lemaire
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques - MINT' IBS - CHU, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France. .,LUNAM Université, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, Angers, France.
| | - F Franconi
- PRIMEX, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France.,PIAM, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - B Siegler
- PIAM, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - C Legendre
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques - MINT' IBS - CHU, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France.,LUNAM Université, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, Angers, France
| | - E Garcion
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques - MINT' IBS - CHU, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France.,LUNAM Université, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, Angers, France
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173
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Liu X, Chen Z, Xu C, Leng X, Cao H, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Repression of hypoxia-inducible factor α signaling by Set7-mediated methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5081-98. [PMID: 25897119 PMCID: PMC4446437 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are the main regulators of cellular responses to hypoxia. Post-translational modifications of HIF-1α and 2α are necessary to modulate their functions. The methylation of non-histone proteins by Set7, an SET domain-containing lysine methyltransferase, is a novel regulatory mechanism to control cell protein function in response to various cellular stresses. In this study, we show that Set7 methylates HIF-1α at lysine 32 and HIF-2α at lysine K29; this methylation inhibits the expression of HIF-1α/2α targets by impairing the occupancy of HIF-α on hypoxia response element of HIF target gene promoter. Set7-null fibroblasts and the cells with shRNA-knocked down Set7 exhibit upregulated HIF target genes. Set7 inhibitor blocks HIF-1α/2α methylation to enhance HIF target gene expression. Set7-null fibroblasts and the cells with shRNA-knocked down Set7 or inhibition of Set7 by the inhibitor subjected to hypoxia display an increased glucose uptake and intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels. These findings define a novel modification of HIF-1α/2α and demonstrate that Set7-medited lysine methylation negatively regulates HIF-α transcriptional activity and HIF-1α-mediated glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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174
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Bosello-Travain V, Forman HJ, Roveri A, Toppo S, Ursini F, Venerando R, Warnecke C, Zaccarin M, Maiorino M. Glutathione peroxidase 8 is transcriptionally regulated by HIFα and modulates growth factor signaling in HeLa cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:58-68. [PMID: 25557012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GPx8 is a mammalian Cys-glutathione peroxidase of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, involved in protein folding. Its regulation is mostly unknown. We addressed both the functionality of two hypoxia-response elements (HREs) within the promoter, GPx8 HRE1 and GPx8 HRE2, and the GPx8 physiological role. In HeLa cells, treatment with HIFα stabilizers, such as diethyl succinate (DES) or 2-2'-bipyridyl (BP), induces GPx8 expression at both mRNA and protein level. Luciferase activity of pGL3(GPx8wt), containing a fragment of the GPx8 promoter including the two HREs, is also induced by DES/BP or by overexpressing either individual HIFα subunit. Mutating GPx8 HRE1 within pGL3(GPx8wt) resulted in a significantly higher inhibition of luciferase activity than mutating GPx8 HRE2. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assay showed that both HREs exhibit enhanced binding to a nuclear extract from DES/BP-treated cells, with stronger binding by GPx8 HRE1. In DES-treated cells transfected with pGL3(GPx8wt) or mutants thereof, silencing of HIF2α, but not HIF1α, abolishes luciferase activity. Thus GPx8 is a novel HIF target preferentially responding to HIF2α binding at its two novel functional GPx8 HREs, with GPx8 HRE1 playing the major role. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) treatment increases GPx8 mRNA expression, and reporter gene experiments indicate that induction occurs via HIF. Comparing the effects of depleting GPx8 on the downstream effectors of FGF or insulin signaling revealed that absence of GPx8 results in a 16- or 12-fold increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 by FGF or insulin treatment, respectively. Furthermore, in GPx8-depleted cells, phosphorylation of AKT by insulin treatment increases 2.5-fold. We suggest that induction of GPx8 expression by HIF slows down proliferative signaling during hypoxia and/or growth stimulation through receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J Forman
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Christina Warnecke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Translational Research Center, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mattia Zaccarin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy.
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175
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Malik K, Patel P, Chen J, Khachemoune A. Leiomyoma cutis: a focused review on presentation, management, and association with malignancy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2015; 16:35-46. [PMID: 25605645 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-015-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leiomyomas (CLs) are rare, sporadic, or inherited tumors of smooth muscle origin associated with various disorders. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is the primary tumor predisposition syndrome associated with inherited CLs, affecting 180 families worldwide, with significant mortality. CLs are subdivided into piloleiomyomas, genital leiomyomas, and angioleiomyomas based on their smooth muscle of origin, as well as their clinicopathologic features. Piloleiomyomas, derived from arrector pili muscle, are solitary or multiple firm papulonodules located typically on the extremities and trunk; genital leiomyomas, derived from dartoic, vulvar, or mammary smooth muscle, are solitary papulonodules or pedunculated papules located on the scrotum, vulva, or nipple; and angioleiomyomas, which include solid, cavernous, or venous subtypes, are derived from the tunica media of small arteries and veins and typically present on the extremities. Partial/excisional biopsy is required for diagnosing all CLs. Histology shows interlacing fascicles of spindle cells with moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and a blunt-ended, elongated nucleus with perinuclear halos. Surgical excision is curative for CLs, with other management options including medical or destructive therapy; active surveillance is advised to monitor HLRCC-associated neoplasms, with pharmacological therapies under active research.
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176
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Kucharzewska P, Christianson HC, Belting M. Global profiling of metabolic adaptation to hypoxic stress in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116740. [PMID: 25633823 PMCID: PMC4310608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenetic events and unique phenomena of the tumor microenvironment together induce adaptive metabolic responses that may offer new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets of cancer. Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, represents a well-established and universal feature of the tumor microenvironment and has been linked to increased tumor aggressiveness as well as resistance to conventional oncological treatments. Previous studies have provided important insights into hypoxia induced changes of the transcriptome and proteome; however, how this translates into changes at the metabolite level remains to be defined. Here, we have investigated dynamic, time-dependent effects of hypoxia on the cancer cell metabolome across all families of macromolecules, i.e., carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nucleic acid, in human glioblastoma cells. Using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS, 345 and 126 metabolites were identified and quantified in cells and corresponding media, respectively, at short (6 h), intermediate (24 h), and prolonged (48 h) incubation at normoxic or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. In conjunction, we performed gene array studies with hypoxic and normoxic cells following short and prolonged incubation. We found that levels of several key metabolites varied with the duration of hypoxic stress. In some cases, metabolic changes corresponded with hypoxic regulation of key pathways at the transcriptional level. Our results provide new insights into the metabolic response of glioblastoma cells to hypoxia, which should stimulate further work aimed at targeting cancer cell adaptive mechanisms to microenvironmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kucharzewska
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena C. Christianson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne Oncology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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177
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Liu Q, Geng H, Xue C, Beer TM, Qian DZ. Functional regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α by SET9 lysine methyltransferase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:881-91. [PMID: 25637186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1α is degraded by oxygen-dependent mechanisms but stabilized in hypoxia to form transcriptional complex HIF-1, which transactivates genes promoting cancer hallmarks. However, how HIF-1α is specifically regulated in hypoxia is poorly understood. Here, we report that the histone methyltransferase SET9 promotes HIF-1α protein stability in hypoxia and enhances HIF-1 mediated glycolytic gene transcription, thereby playing an important role in mediating cancer cell adaptation and survival to hypoxic stress. Specifically, SET9 interacts with HIF-1α and promotes HIF-1α protein stability in hypoxia. Silencing SET9 by siRNA reduces HIF-1α protein stability in hypoxia, and attenuates the hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes mediating hypoxic glycolysis. Mechanistically, we find that SET9 is enriched at the hypoxia response elements (HRE) within promoters of the HIF-1-responsive glycolytic genes. Silencing SET9 reduces HIF-1α levels at these HREs in hypoxia, thereby attenuating HIF-1-mediated gene transcription. Further, silencing SET9 by siRNA reduces hypoxia-induced glycolysis and inhibits cell viability of hypoxic cancer cells. Our findings suggest that SET9 enriches at HRE sites of HIF-1 responsive glycolytic genes and stabilizes HIF-1α at these sites in hypoxia, thus establishes an epigenetic mechanism of the metabolic adaptation in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hao Geng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Changhui Xue
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Z Qian
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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178
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Biddlestone J, Bandarra D, Rocha S. The role of hypoxia in inflammatory disease (review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:859-69. [PMID: 25625467 PMCID: PMC4356629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have developed evolutionarily conserved programs of transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation. These stimuli commonly occur together in vivo and there is significant crosstalk between the transcription factors that are classically understood to respond to either hypoxia or inflammation. This crosstalk can be used to modulate the overall response to environmental stress. Several common disease processes are characterised by aberrant transcriptional programs in response to environmental stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the hypoxia-responsive (hypoxia-inducible factor) and inflammatory (nuclear factor-κB) transcription factor families and their crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, with relevance for future therapies for the management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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179
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Brustugun OT. Hypoxia as a cause of treatment failure in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Semin Radiat Oncol 2014; 25:87-92. [PMID: 25771412 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important factor in tumor biology and is both a predictive and a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. The negative effect of low oxygenation on radiation therapy effect has been known for decades, but more recent research has emphasized that hypoxia also has a profound effect on a tumor's aggression and metastatic propensity. In this review, current knowledge on both these aspects of treatment failure in NSCLC due to hypoxia has been discussed, along with a presentation of modern methods for hypoxia measurement and current therapeutical interventions to circumvent the negative effect of hypoxia on treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odd Terje Brustugun
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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180
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Abstract
Solid tumours undergo considerable alterations in their metabolism of nutrients in order to generate sufficient energy and biomass for sustained growth and proliferation. During growth, the tumour microenvironment exerts a number of influences (e.g. hypoxia and acidity) that affect cellular biology and the flux or utilisation of fuels including glucose. The tumour spheroid model was used to characterise the utilisation of glucose and describe alterations to the activity and expression of key glycolytic enzymes during the tissue growth curve. Glucose was avidly consumed and associated with the production of lactate and an acidified medium, confirming the reliance on glycolytic pathways and a diminution of oxidative phosphorylation. The expression levels and activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the glycolytic pathway were measured to assess glycolytic capacity. Similar measurements were made for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the entry point and regulatory step of the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) and for cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, a key link to TCA cycle intermediates. The parameters for these key enzymes were shown to undergo considerable variation during the growth curve of tumour spheroids. In addition, they revealed that the dynamic alterations were influenced by both transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.
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181
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Chen SJ, Hoffman NE, Shanmughapriya S, Bao L, Keefer K, Conrad K, Merali S, Takahashi Y, Abraham T, Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Song J, Barrero C, Shi Y, Kawasawa YI, Bayerl M, Sun T, Barbour M, Wang HG, Madesh M, Cheung JY, Miller BA. A splice variant of the human ion channel TRPM2 modulates neuroblastoma tumor growth through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1/2α. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:36284-302. [PMID: 25391657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.620922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-permeable ion channel TRPM2 is highly expressed in a number of cancers. In neuroblastoma, full-length TRPM2 (TRPM2-L) protected cells from moderate oxidative stress through increased levels of forkhead box transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2. Cells expressing the dominant negative short isoform (TRPM2-S) had reduced FOXO3a and superoxide dismutase 2 levels, reduced calcium influx in response to oxidative stress, and enhanced reactive oxygen species, leading to decreased cell viability. Here, in xenografts generated with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably expressing TRPM2 isoforms, growth of tumors expressing TRPM2-S was significantly reduced compared with tumors expressing TRPM2-L. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1/2α was significantly reduced in TRPM2-S-expressing tumor cells as was expression of target proteins regulated by HIF-1/2α including those involved in glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase A and enolase 2), oxidant stress (FOXO3a), angiogenesis (VEGF), mitophagy and mitochondrial function (BNIP3 and NDUFA4L2), and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity (cytochrome oxidase 4.1/4.2 in complex IV). The reduction in HIF-1/2α was mediated through both significantly reduced HIF-1/2α mRNA levels and increased levels of von Hippel-Lindau E3 ligase in TRPM2-S-expressing cells. Inhibition of TRPM2-L by pretreatment with clotrimazole or expression of TRPM2-S significantly increased sensitivity of cells to doxorubicin. Reduced survival of TRPM2-S-expressing cells after doxorubicin treatment was rescued by gain of HIF-1 or -2α function. These data suggest that TRPM2 activity is important for tumor growth and for cell viability and survival following doxorubicin treatment and that interference with TRPM2-L function may be a novel approach to reduce tumor growth through modulation of HIF-1/2α, mitochondrial function, and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- the Center for Translational Medicine and Departments of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Lei Bao
- From the Departments of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Research Resources, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Muniswamy Madesh
- the Center for Translational Medicine and Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- the Center for Translational Medicine and Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Barbara A Miller
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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182
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Lankelma J, Kooi B, Krab K, Dorsman JC, Joenje H, Westerhoff HV. A reason for intermittent fasting to suppress the awakening of dormant breast tumors. Biosystems 2014; 127:1-6. [PMID: 25448890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For their growth, dormant tumors, which lack angiogenesis may critically depend on gradients of nutrients and oxygen from the nearest blood vessel. Because for oxygen depletion the distance from the nearest blood vessel to depletion will generally be shorter than for glucose depletion, such tumors will contain anoxic living tumor cells. These cells are dangerous, because they are capable of inducing angiogenesis, which will "wake up" the tumor. Anoxic cells are dependent on anaerobic glucose breakdown for ATP generation. The local extracellular glucose concentration gradient is determined by the blood glucose concentration and by consumption by cells closer to the nearest blood vessel. The blood glucose concentration can be lowered by 20-40% during fasting. We calculated that glucose supply to the potentially hazardous anoxic cells can thereby be reduced significantly, resulting in cell death specifically of the anoxic tumor cells. We hypothesize that intermittent fasting will help to reduce the incidence of tumor relapse via reducing the number of anoxic tumor cells and tumor awakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lankelma
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bob Kooi
- Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Krab
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine C Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Joenje
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Synthetic Systems Biology, SILS, University of Amsterdam and Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, The University of Manchester, UK
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183
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Abstract
Mitochondria cooperate with their host cells by contributing to bioenergetics, metabolism, biosynthesis, and cell death or survival functions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria participate in stress signalling in normal cells but also contribute to the initiation of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations that promote neoplastic transformation. In cancer cells, mitochondrial ROS amplify the tumorigenic phenotype and accelerate the accumulation of additional mutations that lead to metastatic behaviour. As mitochondria carry out important functions in normal cells, disabling their function is not a feasible therapy for cancer. However, ROS signalling contributes to proliferation and survival in many cancers, so the targeted disruption of mitochondria-to-cell redox communication represents a promising avenue for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran S Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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184
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Azoitei N, Diepold K, Brunner C, Rouhi A, Genze F, Becher A, Kestler H, van Lint J, Chiosis G, Koren J, Fröhling S, Scholl C, Seufferlein T. HSP90 supports tumor growth and angiogenesis through PRKD2 protein stabilization. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7125-36. [PMID: 25297628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinase PRKD2 (protein kinase D) is a crucial regulator of tumor cell-endothelial cell communication in gastrointestinal tumors and glioblastomas, but its mechanistic contributions to malignant development are not understood. Here, we report that the oncogenic chaperone HSP90 binds to and stabilizes PRKD2 in human cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 with structurally divergent small molecules currently in clinical development triggered proteasome-dependent degradation of PRKD2, augmenting apoptosis in human cancer cells of various tissue origins. Conversely, ectopic expression of PRKD2 protected cancer cells from the apoptotic effects of HSP90 abrogation, restoring blood vessel formation in two preclinical models of solid tumors. Mechanistic studies revealed that PRKD2 is essential for hypoxia-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and activation of NF-κB in tumor cells. Notably, ectopic expression of PRKD2 was able to partially restore HIF1α and secreted VEGF-A levels in hypoxic cancer cells treated with HSP90 inhibitors. Taken together, our findings indicate that signals from hypoxia and HSP90 pathways are interconnected and funneled by PRKD2 into the NF-κB/VEGF-A signaling axis to promote tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Cornelia Brunner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arefeh Rouhi
- Center for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans Kestler
- Institute for Neuroinformatic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johan van Lint
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Center for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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185
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Yogev O, Lagos D, Enver T, Boshoff C. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus microRNAs induce metabolic transformation of infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004400. [PMID: 25255370 PMCID: PMC4177984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cell metabolism is inherently connected with pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KS tumour cells display features of lymphatic endothelial differentiation and in their vast majority are latently infected with KSHV, while a small number are lytically infected, producing virions. Latently infected cells express only a subset of viral genes, mainly located within the latency-associated region, among them 12 microRNAs. Notably, the metabolic properties of KSHV-infected cells closely resemble the metabolic hallmarks of cancer cells. However, how and why KSHV alters host cell metabolism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of KSHV infection on the metabolic profile of primary dermal microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and the functional relevance of this effect. We found that the KSHV microRNAs within the oncogenic cluster collaborate to decrease mitochondria biogenesis and to induce aerobic glycolysis in infected cells. KSHV microRNAs expression decreases oxygen consumption, increase lactate secretion and glucose uptake, stabilize HIF1α and decreases mitochondria copy number. Importantly this metabolic shift is important for latency maintenance and provides a growth advantage. Mechanistically we show that KSHV alters host cell energy metabolism through microRNA-mediated down regulation of EGLN2 and HSPA9. Our data suggest that the KSHV microRNAs induce a metabolic transformation by concurrent regulation of two independent pathways; transcriptional reprograming via HIF1 activation and reduction of mitochondria biogenesis through down regulation of the mitochondrial import machinery. These findings implicate viral microRNAs in the regulation of the cellular metabolism and highlight new potential avenues to inhibit viral latency. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected untreated individuals. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious cause of this neoplasm. The discovery of KSHV and its oncogenic enigmas has enlightened many fields of tumor biology and viral oncogenesis. The metabolic properties of KS significantly differ from those of normal cells and resemble cancer cells in general, but the mechanisms employed by KSHV to alter host cell metabolism are poorly understood. Our work demonstrates that KSHV microRNAs can alter cell metabolism through coherent control of independent pathways, a key feature of microRNA-mediated control of cellular functions. This provides a fresh perspective for how microRNA-encoding pathogens shape a cell's metabolism to create an optimal environment for their survival and/or replication. Indeed, we show that, in the case of KSHV, viral microRNA-driven regulation of metabolism is important for viral latency. These findings will evoke new and exciting approaches to prevent KSHV from establishing latency and later on KS.
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MESH Headings
- Aerobiosis
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Bone Neoplasms/virology
- Cell Proliferation
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/virology
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Glucose/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondria/virology
- Osteosarcoma/metabolism
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Osteosarcoma/virology
- Oxygen Consumption
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virion/metabolism
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Yogev
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boshoff
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Cancer Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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186
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Choi H, Jin H, Kim JY, Lim KT, Choung HW, Park JY, Chung JH, Choung PH. Hypoxia promotes CEMP1 expression and induces cementoblastic differentiation of human dental stem cells in an HIF-1-dependent manner. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:410-23. [PMID: 24117017 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cementum covering the tooth root provides attachment for the tooth proper to the surrounding alveolar bone via non-mineralized periodontal ligament (PDL). Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) has been shown to induce a cementoblastic phenotype in cementoblast precursors cells of PDL. Oxygen availability is a critical signal for correct development of many tissues; however, its role in tooth root and periodontium development remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that reduced oxygen tension increased CEMP1 expression, mineral deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity in human dental stem cells such as PDL stem cells and periapical follicular stem cells. Since an oxemic state is transduced by the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), we performed experiments to determine whether this protein was responsible for the observed changes. We noted that when HIF-1 was activated by gene introduction or chemically, CEMP1 expression and mineralization increased. In contrast, when HIF-1α was silenced, CEMP1 expression and mineralization did not increase in vitro. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that mouse tooth root and periodontium development occurs partly under hypoxic conditions, particularly at the apical part and latently at the PDL space in vivo. Desferrioxamine, an HIF-1 stimulator, enhances CEMP1 expression in the mouse PDL space, suggesting that hypoxia affects cementogenesis of PDL cells lining the surface of the developing tooth root in an HIF-1-dependent manner. These results suggest that HIF-1 activators may have the ability to stimulate regeneration of the tooth root and cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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187
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Su ZH, Liu YN, Wang RH, Qiao JW, Xie YL. Regulatory effect of merlin-1 on adhesion/metastasis and cytoskeleton remodeling in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3185-3193. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i22.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of merlin-1 on cell proliferation, adhesion/metastasis and cytoskeleton remodeling in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia from Qinghai Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic patients, and to study if the function of merlin-1 in different ethnic groups is related to ethnic specificity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.
METHODS: MTT assay was used to analyze the influence of merlin-1 on the cell proliferation, adhesion/metastasis and motility, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect cytoskeleton remodeling, morphological changes, and the distribution of microvilli on the surface of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic patients. In addition, we explored whether the function of merlin-1 in different ethnic groups is correlated with ethnic specificity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.
RESULTS: The proliferation of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic groups was inhibited by merlin-1 under both normoxic and conditions (Pnormoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; Phypoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00), and the influence of merlin-1 on cancer cell proliferation was not related to ethnic specificity (Pnormoxic ≥ 0.05; Phypoxic ≥ 0.05). The results of adhesion/metastasis analysis showed that merlin-1 inhibited the adhesion/metastasis ability of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic groups under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (Pnormoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; Phypoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00), and the inhibitory effect of merlin-1 in three ethnic groups showed no significant differences [Pnormoxic = 0.51 (3 h), 0.07 (48 h); Phypoxic = 0.47 (3 h), 0.17 (48 h)]. By detection of cytoskeleton remodeling, morphological change and microvilli distribution, it was found that merlin-1 enhanced cytoskeleton remodeling under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxic conditions.
CONCLUSION: Merlin-1 can inhibit the proliferation and adhesion/metastasis of gastric cancer cells under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, which is independent on the ethnicity of patients from whom gastric cancer cells are obtained. However, merlin-1 enhances cytoskeleton remodeling under hypoxic conditions.
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188
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The role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:409272. [PMID: 25101278 PMCID: PMC4101982 DOI: 10.1155/2014/409272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia can promote tumor progression and induce radiation and chemotherapy resistance. As one of the major mediators of hypoxic response, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been shown to activate hypoxia-responsive genes, which are involved in multiple aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. It has been demonstrated that a high level of HIF-1 in the HCC microenvironment leads to enhanced proliferation and survival of HCC cells. Accordingly, overexpression, of HIF-1 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC. In this review, we described the mechanism by which HIF-1 is regulated and how HIF-1 mediates the biological effects of hypoxia in tissues. We also summarized the latest findings concerning the role of HIF-1 in the development of HCC, which could shed light on new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HCC.
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189
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Zhao D, Li FL, Cheng ZL, Lei QY. Impact of acetylation on tumor metabolism. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e963452. [PMID: 27308346 PMCID: PMC4905055 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.963452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation of protein lysine residues is a reversible and dynamic process that is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs and SIRTs). Recent studies have revealed that acetylation modulates not only nuclear proteins but also cytoplasmic or mitochondrial proteins, including many metabolic enzymes. In tumors, cellular metabolism is reprogrammed to provide intermediates for biosynthesis such as nucleotides, fatty acids, and amino acids, and thereby favor the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and tumor development. An increasing number of investigations have indicated that acetylation plays an important role in tumor metabolism. Here, we summarize the substrates that are modified by acetylation, especially oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and enzymes that are implicated in tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou-Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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190
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Mangiavini L, Merceron C, Araldi E, Khatri R, Gerard-O'Riley R, Wilson TL, Rankin EB, Giaccia AJ, Schipani E. Loss of VHL in mesenchymal progenitors of the limb bud alters multiple steps of endochondral bone development. Dev Biol 2014; 393:124-36. [PMID: 24972088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to low oxygen tension (hypoxia) is a critical event during development. The transcription factors Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α are essential mediators of the homeostatic responses that allow hypoxic cells to survive and differentiate. Von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets HIFs to the proteasome for degradation in normoxia. We have previously demonstrated that the transcription factor HIF-1α is essential for survival and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes, whereas HIF-2α is not necessary for fetal growth plate development. We have also shown that VHL is important for endochondral bone development, since loss of VHL in chondrocytes causes severe dwarfism. In this study, in order to expand our understanding of the role of VHL in chondrogenesis, we conditionally deleted VHL in mesenchymal progenitors of the limb bud, i.e. in cells not yet committed to the chondrocyte lineage. Deficiency of VHL in limb bud mesenchyme does not alter the timely differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes. However, it causes structural collapse of the cartilaginous growth plate as a result of impaired proliferation, delayed terminal differentiation, and ectopic death of chondrocytes. This phenotype is associated to delayed replacement of cartilage by bone. Notably, loss of HIF-2α fully rescues the late formation of the bone marrow cavity in VHL mutant mice, though it does not affect any other detectable abnormality of the VHL mutant growth plates. Our findings demonstrate that VHL regulates bone morphogenesis as its loss considerably alters size, shape and overall development of the skeletal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Christophe Merceron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Inserm, UMRS 791-LIOAD, Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Group STEP 'Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology', 44042 Nantes, France; LUNAM, Nantes University, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
| | - Elisa Araldi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richa Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rita Gerard-O'Riley
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tremika LeShan Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94303-5152, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94303-5152, USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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191
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Denko NC. Hypoxic regulation of metabolism offers new opportunities for anticancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:979-81. [PMID: 24930453 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.930345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism now appears to be optimized for growth of tumor cells by having an increased reliance on non-oxidative processes. However, in order to exploit these findings clinically, we must determine the specific pathways and components that cancer cells rely on, but are dispensable for normal cells. Because tumors have the added stress of hypoxia, the metabolic response to low oxygen may represent such a tumor-specific metabolic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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192
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Gudas LJ, Fu L, Minton DR, Mongan NP, Nanus DM. The role of HIF1α in renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:825-36. [PMID: 24916472 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The transcription factor HIF1α is implicated in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although HIF1α was initially believed to be essential for ccRCC development, recent studies hypothesize an oncogenic role for HIF2α in ccRCC, but a tumor suppressor role for HIF1α, leading to uncertainty as to the precise roles of the different HIF transcription factors in this disease. Using evidence available from studies with human ccRCC cell lines, mouse xenografts, murine models of ccRCC, and human ccRCC specimens, we evaluate the roles of HIF1α and HIF2α in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. We present a convergence of clinical and mechanistic data supporting an important role for HIF1α in promoting tumorigenesis in a clinically important and large subset of ccRCC. This indicates that current understanding of the exact roles of HIF1α and HIF2α is incomplete and that further research is required to determine the diverse roles of HIF1α and HIF2α in ccRCC. KEY MESSAGES The TRACK mouse ccRCC model with constitutively active HIF1α but not HIF2α expressed in proximal tubules develops RCC. HIF1α protein is expressed in the majority of human ccRCC specimens. Elevated HIF1α in ccRCC correlates with a worse prognosis. Many publications do not support a tumor suppressor role for HIF1α in ccRCC. HIF1α, but not HIF2α, is expressed in some types of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA,
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193
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Do QN, Ratnakar JS, Kovács Z, Sherry AD. Redox- and hypoxia-responsive MRI contrast agents. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1116-29. [PMID: 24825674 PMCID: PMC4119595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive or "smart" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that can report specific biomarker or biological events has been the focus of MRI contrast agent research over the past 20 years. Among various biological hallmarks of interest, tissue redox and hypoxia are particularly important owing to their roles in disease states and metabolic consequences. Herein we review the development of redox-/hypoxia-sensitive T1 shortening and paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agents. Traditionally, the relaxivity of redox-sensitive Gd(3+) -based complexes is modulated through changes in the ligand structure or molecular rotation, while PARACEST sensors exploit the sensitivity of the metal-bound water exchange rate to electronic effects of the ligand-pendant arms and alterations in the coordination geometry. Newer designs involve complexes of redox-active metal ions in which the oxidation states have different magnetic properties. The challenges of translating redox- and hypoxia-sensitive agents in vivo are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen N. Do
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - James S. Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
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194
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A lactate shuttle system between tumour and stromal cells is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:352. [PMID: 24886074 PMCID: PMC4039335 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a malignant tumour, cancer cells are embedded in stromal cells, namely cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These CAFs are now accepted as important players in cancer dynamics, being involved in tumour growth and progression. Although there are various reports on the interaction between tumour and stromal cells, the clinico-pathological significance of this cross-talk is still largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterise the expression of key metabolic proteins involved in glucose transport, pyruvate/lactate shuttle system, glycolytic metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in CAFs and tumour cells in different stages of malignant transformation. We further aimed to contextualise the clinico-pathological significance of these protein expression profiles with reference to known prognostic indicators, including biochemical recurrence in pT stage. Methods Prostate tissues were obtained from 480 patients with a median age of 64 years following radical prostatectomy with no previous hormonal therapy. Tissues were analysed for the expression of several key metabolism-related proteins in glands and surrounding fibroblasts by immunohistochemistry. Reliable markers of prognosis such as pT stage and biochemical recurrence were assessed for each case. Results We observed that prostate cancer cells did not rely mainly on glycolytic metabolism, while there was a high expression of MCT4 and CAIX - in CAFs. This corroborates the hypothesis of the “Reverse Warburg effect” in prostate cancer, in which fibroblasts are under oxidative stress and express CAIX, an established hypoxia marker. We found that alterations in the expression of metabolism-related proteins were already evident in the early stages of malignant transformation, suggesting the continuing alteration of CAFs from an early stage. Additionally, and for the first time, we show that cases showing high MCT4 expression in CAFs with concomitant strong MCT1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa) cells are associated with poor clinical outcome, namely pT3 stage of the tumour. Conclusions In summary, this work demonstrates for the first time the clinico-pathological significance of the lactate shuttle in prostate cancer. It also suggests that other alterations in CAFs may be useful prognostic factors, and further supports the use of MCT1/MCT4 as targets for PCa therapy.
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195
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The hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, prolyl hydroxylase domain protein inhibitors, and their roles in bone repair and regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:239356. [PMID: 24895555 PMCID: PMC4034436 DOI: 10.1155/2014/239356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-dependent transcriptional activators that play crucial roles in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate decisions. The group of enzymes that can catalyse the hydroxylation reaction of HIF-1 is prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs). PHD inhibitors (PHIs) activate the HIF pathway by preventing degradation of HIF-α via inhibiting PHDs. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are tightly coupled during bone repair and regeneration. Numerous studies suggest that HIFs and their target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are critical regulators of angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. In this brief perspective, we review current studies about the HIF pathway and its role in bone repair and regeneration, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Additionally, we briefly discuss the therapeutic manipulation of HIFs and VEGF in bone repair and bone tumours. This review will expand our knowledge of biology of HIFs, PHDs, PHD inhibitors, and bone regeneration, and it may also aid the design of novel therapies for accelerating bone repair and regeneration or inhibiting bone tumours.
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196
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Cangelosi D, Muselli M, Parodi S, Blengio F, Becherini P, Versteeg R, Conte M, Varesio L. Use of Attribute Driven Incremental Discretization and Logic Learning Machine to build a prognostic classifier for neuroblastoma patients. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 5:S4. [PMID: 25078098 PMCID: PMC4095004 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s5-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patient's outcome is written, in part, in the gene expression profile of the tumor. We previously identified a 62-probe sets signature (NB-hypo) to identify tissue hypoxia in neuroblastoma tumors and showed that NB-hypo stratified neuroblastoma patients in good and poor outcome 1. It was important to develop a prognostic classifier to cluster patients into risk groups benefiting of defined therapeutic approaches. Novel classification and data discretization approaches can be instrumental for the generation of accurate predictors and robust tools for clinical decision support. We explored the application to gene expression data of Rulex, a novel software suite including the Attribute Driven Incremental Discretization technique for transforming continuous variables into simplified discrete ones and the Logic Learning Machine model for intelligible rule generation. RESULTS We applied Rulex components to the problem of predicting the outcome of neuroblastoma patients on the bases of 62 probe sets NB-hypo gene expression signature. The resulting classifier consisted in 9 rules utilizing mainly two conditions of the relative expression of 11 probe sets. These rules were very effective predictors, as shown in an independent validation set, demonstrating the validity of the LLM algorithm applied to microarray data and patients' classification. The LLM performed as efficiently as Prediction Analysis of Microarray and Support Vector Machine, and outperformed other learning algorithms such as C4.5. Rulex carried out a feature selection by selecting a new signature (NB-hypo-II) of 11 probe sets that turned out to be the most relevant in predicting outcome among the 62 of the NB-hypo signature. Rules are easily interpretable as they involve only few conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided evidence that the application of Rulex to the expression values of NB-hypo signature created a set of accurate, high quality, consistent and interpretable rules for the prediction of neuroblastoma patients' outcome. We identified the Rulex weighted classification as a flexible tool that can support clinical decisions. For these reasons, we consider Rulex to be a useful tool for cancer classification from microarray gene expression data.
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Expression of oxidored nitro domain-containing protein 1(NOR1) impairs nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells adaptation to hypoxia and inhibits PDK1 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:293-300. [PMID: 24788728 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic pathophysiological property of locally advanced solid tumors and a relevant factor of the tumor (patho-)physiome since it can promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Tumors alter their metabolic pathways to survive in nutrient and oxygen poor microenvironments by a process known as the "Warburg Effect." The current studies identify a novel tumor suppressor gene, termed oxidored nitro domain-containing protein 1 (NOR1) which alters hypoxia cellular response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NOR1 expression causes apoptosis of tumor cells in hypoxia by altering the expression of PDK1 expression and mitochondrial Bax-Bcl2 balance thus suppress tumor cell adaptation to hypoxia. Although the importance of hypoxia cellular response is well documented in tumor progression, this is the first demonstration of a human tumor suppressor which functions by regulating mitochondrial apoptotic pathways to suppress tumor survival in oxygen poor microenvironments.
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198
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Abreu PL, Ferreira LMR, Alpoim MC, Urbano AM. Impact of hexavalent chromium on mammalian cell bioenergetics: phenotypic changes, molecular basis and potential relevance to chromate-induced lung cancer. Biometals 2014; 27:409-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang Y, Jia H, Lin H, Tan X, Du Z, Chen H, Xu Y, Han X, Zhang J, Zhao S, Yu X, Lu Y. Metastasis-associated gene, mag-1 improves tumour microenvironmental adaptation and potentiates tumour metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:3037-51. [PMID: 22985252 PMCID: PMC4393732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of death from malignant diseases, and the underlying mechanisms are still largely not known. A detailed probe into the factors which may regulate tumour invasion and metastasis contributes to novel anti-metastatic therapies. We previously identified a novel metastasis-associated gene 1 (mag-1) by means of metastatic phenotype cloning. Then we characterized the gene expression profile of mag-1 and showed that it promoted cell migration, adhesion and invasion in vitro. Importantly, the disruption of mag-1 via RNA interference not only inhibited cellular metastatic behaviours but also significantly reduced tumour weight and restrained mouse breast cancer cells to metastasize to lungs in spontaneous metastatic assay in vivo. Furthermore, we proved that mag-1 integrates dual regulating mechanisms through the stabilization of HIF-1α and the activation of mTOR signalling pathway. We also found that mag-1-induced metastatic promotion could be abrogated by mTOR specific inhibitor, rapamycin. Taken together, the findings identified a direct role that mag-1 played in metastasis and implicated its function in cellular adaptation to tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kasinskas RW, Venkatasubramanian R, Forbes NS. Rapid uptake of glucose and lactate, and not hypoxia, induces apoptosis in three-dimensional tumor tissue culture. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:399-410. [PMID: 24503640 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of cellular metabolism in tumor tissue critically affects the treatment of cancer. However, little is known about how diffusion and cellular uptake relate to intracellular metabolism and cell death in three dimensions. To quantify these mechanisms, fluorescent microscopy and multicellular tumor cylindroids were used to measure pH and oxygen profiles, and quantify the distribution of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Spheroid dissociation, enzymatic analysis, and mass spectrometry were used to measure concentration profiles of glucose, lactate and glutamine. A mathematical model was used to integrate these measurements and calculate metabolic rate parameters. It was found that large cylindroids, >500 μm in diameter, contained apoptotic and necrotic cells, whereas small cylindroids contained apoptotic but not necrotic cells. The center of cylindroids was found to be acidic but not hypoxic. From the edge to the center, concentrations of glucose, lactate and glutamine decreased rapidly. Throughout the cell masses lactate was consumed and not produced. These measurements indicate that apoptosis was the primary mechanism of cell death; acidity was not caused by lactic acid; and cell death was caused by depletion of carbon sources and not hypoxia. The mathematical model showed that the transporter enzymes for glucose and lactate were not saturated; oxygen uptake was limited by intracellular metabolism; and oxygen uptake was not limited by membrane-transport or diffusion. Unsaturated transmembrane uptake may be the cause of both proliferative and apoptotic regimes in cancer. These results suggest that transporter enzymes are excellent targets for treating well oxygenated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Kasinskas
- N525 Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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