151
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de Oliveira F, Moura KO, Costa LS, Vidal CB, Loiola AR, do Nascimento RF. Reactive Adsorption of Parabens on Synthesized Micro- and Mesoporous Silica from Coal Fly Ash: pH Effect on the Modification Process. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3346-3357. [PMID: 32118149 PMCID: PMC7045554 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. These compounds are known for their estrogen agonist activity. This research investigates the synthesis of micro- and mesoporous silica from coal fly ash at different pH values (13, 11, 9, and 7) as well as its use as an adsorbent for the removal of parabens. The materials were characterized, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that the fly ash acid treatment reduced the presence of aluminum, iron, and calcium oxides and also that silica synthesized at lower pH values (7 and 9) showed a higher SiO2 content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed microporous silica formation for silica synthesized at pH 13 and mesoporous silica at pH 7, 9, and 11. Adsorption tests were performed with materials, and FA-AT7 showed a higher adsorption capacity. The effect of factors (A) adsorbent mass, (B) initial paraben concentration, and (C) agitation rate on the adsorption process was studied for the FA-AT7 adsorbent using a factorial experimental design. Standardized Pareto charts revealed a negative effect of factor A, positive effect of factor B, and negative interaction effects of factors A-B for all studied parabens. Isotherms and multicomponent kinetic studies were performed. A linear type-III isotherm was obtained, and adsorption equilibrium was reached at approximately 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca
F. de Oliveira
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Karine O. Moura
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Federal University
of Ceará, Campus
do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luelc S. Costa
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-861 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla B. Vidal
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- E-mail:
| | - Adonay R. Loiola
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal
University of Ceará Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F. do Nascimento
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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152
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Şenkuytu E, Kızılkaya P, Ölçer Z, Pala U, Davarcı D, Zorlu Y, Erdoğan H, Yenilmez Çiftçi G. Electrophoresis and Biosensor-Based DNA Interaction Analysis of the First Paraben Derivatives of Spermine-Bridged Cyclotriphosphazenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2288-2298. [PMID: 31986027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells via malignant cell division and rapid DNA replication. While DNA damaging molecules can cause cancer, their role as anticancer drugs are very significant. For this purpose, the novel series of paraben substituted spermine bridged(dispirobino) cyclotriphosphazene compounds 2-6 were synthesized for the first time, and their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structures and geometries of compounds 2-6 were determined using single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. In addition, it was confirmed by TGA that all compounds 1-6 showed high thermal stability. Two methods were used in order to investigate DNA interaction properties of the targeted molecules. While biosensor-based screening test that measures DNA hybridization efficiency on a biochip surface, the agarose gel electrophoresis method examines the effect of compounds on plasmid DNA structure. The results collected from the automated biosensor device and agarose gel electrophoresis have indicated that compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed higher DNA damage than the compounds 2-4. According to the biosensor results, compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed 85%, 69%, and 77% activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Şenkuytu
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Perihan Kızılkaya
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry , Trakya University , Edirne 22020 , Turkey
| | - Zehra Ölçer
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Uğur Pala
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Derya Davarcı
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Huriye Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gönül Yenilmez Çiftçi
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
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153
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Characterization and stability study of pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber membrane: Separation of Ethylparaben. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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154
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Mao H, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Yin L, Yang Z. Four typical personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in China: Occurrence, removal efficiency, mass loading and emission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109818. [PMID: 31689659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, removal efficiency, mass loading and environmental emission of four categories (benzotriazoles; parabens; antimicrobials; benzophenones) of personal care products were simultaneously determined along the whole process line through an integrated approach (involving both dissolved and adsorbed phase) at a typical wastewater treatment plant in Hunan Province, Southern China. The results showed the prevalence of 13 and 11 target compounds in wastewater and suspended particulate matter, respectively. Twelve substances were detected in the sludge with the mean concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 591.23 ng/g dry weight. Benzotriazoles were the dominant compounds existing in water and antimicrobials were readily being absorbed onto suspended particulate matter and sludge. The overall removal efficiencies of compounds in the total treatment were -84.06%-98.53%. Mass balance results revealed that 85.17%-98.73% of the parabens and benzophenones were removed by degradation, while antimicrobials were removed by being adsorbed onto sludge. However, benzotriazoles could not be efficiently removed and the mass loss was lower than 61.03%. Although ultraviolet radiation played a limited role in removing most target compounds, it still had an impact on removing antimicrobials, 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. The total mass loading and emission of personal care products were 506.35 mg/d/1000 people and 357.56 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. This work would help understand the removal approaches and real pollution of personal care products in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Mao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Changsha Water Group Co., LTD, Changsha, 410015, PR China
| | - Ling Yin
- Changsha Water Group Co., LTD, Changsha, 410015, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources/College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, PR China.
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155
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K'oreje KO, Okoth M, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Occurrence and treatment of contaminants of emerging concern in the African aquatic environment: Literature review and a look ahead. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109752. [PMID: 31733478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness about the rising detection and reported (eco)toxicological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products - PPCPs - and modern pesticides) in the aquatic environment is growing. CECs are increasingly reported in the African aquatic environment, although the amount of data available is still limited. In this work, a comprehensive review is presented on the occurrence of CECs in wastewater, sludge, surface water, sediment, groundwater and drinking water of Africa. Further attention is given to the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and trickling filters (TF) with respect to CECs removal. For the first time, we also look at the state of knowledge on the performance of point-of-use technologies (POUs) regarding the removal of CECs in drinking water. Generally, CECs in Africa occur at the same order of magnitude as in the Western world. However, for particular groups of compounds and at specific locations such as informal settlements, clearly higher concentrations are reported in Africa. Whereas antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs are rarely detected in the Western world, occurrence patterns in Africa reveal concentrations up to >100 μg L-1. Removal efficiencies of WSPs and TFs focus mainly on PPCPs and vary significantly, ranging from no removal (e.g. carbamazepine) to better than 99.9% (e.g. paracetamol). Despite the rising adoption of POUs, limited but promising information is available on their performance regarding CECs treatment in drinking water, particularly for the low-cost devices (e.g. ceramic filters and solar disinfection - SODIS) being adopted in Africa and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno K'oreje
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Water Resources Authority (WRA), P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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156
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Abidi J, Samet Y, Panizza M, Martinez‐Huitle CA, Carpanese MP, Clematis D. A Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode for the Electrochemical Removal of Parabens in Low‐Conductive Solution: From a Conventional Flow Cell to a Solid Polymer Electrolyte System. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Abidi
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health (LR17ES06) Science Faculty of SFAXUniversity of SFAX Road of Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Youssef Samet
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health (LR17ES06) Science Faculty of SFAXUniversity of SFAX Road of Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Marco Panizza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
| | - Carlos A. Martinez‐Huitle
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM)Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355 14800-900 Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - M. Paola Carpanese
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
| | - Davide Clematis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
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157
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Ma J, Yang S, Shi H, Pang J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Sun H. An efficient and robust exfoliated bentonite/Ag3PO4/AgBr plasmonic photocatalyst for degradation of parabens. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16027-16037. [PMID: 35493642 PMCID: PMC9052784 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts have attracted broad interest owing to their promising adsorption and degradation performances in the removal of organic pollutants. In this study, a mesoporous exfoliated bentonite (EB)/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) photocatalyst was obtained by stripping and exfoliating bentonite as the support for loading Ag3PO4 and AgBr. The particle size ranges of Ag3PO4 and AgBr were about 10–30 nm and 5–10 nm, respectively. The exfoliated bentonite could greatly improve the dispersion and adsorption of Ag3PO4 and AgBr, and significantly enhance the stability of the material during paraben photodegradation. 0.2 g L−1 methylparaben (MPB) was completely decomposed over the EB/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) in 40 min under visible light irradiation. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of EB/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) remained at about 91% after five recycling runs manifesting that EB/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) possessed excellent stability. Radical quenching tests revealed that holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the major radicals. They attacked the side chain on the benzene ring of parabens, which were gradually oxidized to the intermediates, such as benzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, azelaic acid, and eventually became CO2 and H2O. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity and photo-stability could be ascribed to the stable structural characteristics, enlarged surface area, high absorption ability, and improved light absorption ability from loading Ag3PO4 onto EB. Meanwhile, the matched energy levels of Ag3PO4 and AgBr made the photoelectron–hole pairs separate and transfer effectively at the interfaces. As a result, the photocatalytic properties of EB/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) composites were enhanced. A mesoporous exfoliated bentonite (EB)/Ag3PO4/AgBr (30%) photocatalyst was designed to combine various functions to achieve efficient photodegradation of parabens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ma
- College of Mining Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Shurong Yang
- College of Mining Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Huixian Shi
- Institute of New Carbon Materials
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Pang
- College of Mining Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- College of Mining Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- College of Mining Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering
- Edith Cowan University
- Joondalup
- Australia
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158
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Radwan EK, Ibrahim MBM, Adel A, Farouk M. The occurrence and risk assessment of phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals in Egypt's drinking and source water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1776-1788. [PMID: 31758477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This is the first nationwide survey of bisphenol A (BPA), methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and o-phenylphenol, in Egypt's water. Five hundred fifty-five water samples were collected from source water (SW, 109 samples) and drinking water (DW, 446 samples) of twenty-three Egyptian governorates. These chemicals were determined by direct ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis of a filtered aliquot of samples. The impacts of the measured concentrations on the aquatic organisms and human health were evaluated as well. BPA, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben were frequently detected in SW and DW, while ethylparaben and o-phenylphenol were not detected whatsoever. The most frequently detected endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) was BPA in SW and methylparaben in DW. The recorded highest concentrations of BPA and methylparaben in SW and BPA and methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben in DW were the highest worldwide. Of the investigated twenty-three governorates, the SW and DW of Aswan, Red Sea, Cairo, Sharqia, and Damietta were free of the studied EDCs. Contrarily, BPA, MeP, PrP, and BuP were detected in Sohag's SW and DW. A detection ratio > 70% was recorded in SW of Faiyum, Dakahlia, and Ismailia, and > 90% in DW of Sohag, Port Said, Dakahlia, and Faiyum. The environmental risk assessment results excluded any human health risk even in the worst-case scenario and showed that BPA represents the highest risk to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad K Radwan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - M B M Ibrahim
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Shubra El-Khima Water Treatment Plant, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Shubra El-Khima Water Treatment Plant, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk
- Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Shubra El-Khima Water Treatment Plant, Cairo, Egypt
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159
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Ultrasonic and volumetric behaviour of glycols with sodium ethylparaben in aqueous medium from T = 293.15 to 308.15 K at atmospheric pressure. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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160
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Reichert G, Hilgert S, Fuchs S, Azevedo JCR. Emerging contaminants and antibiotic resistance in the different environmental matrices of Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113140. [PMID: 31541833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to gather and summarize information about the occurrence of emerging contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes in environmental matrices in Latin America. We aim to contribute to future research by compiling a list of priority pollutants adjusted to the needs and characteristics of Latin America, according to the data presented in this study. In order to perform a comprehensive research and secure a representative and unbiased amount of quality data concerning emerging contaminants in Latin America, the research was performed within the Scopus® database in a time frame from 2000 to July 2019. The countries with higher numbers of published articles were Brazil and México, while most studies were performed in the surroundings of Mexico City and in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The main investigated environmental matrices were drinking water and surface water. The presence of antibiotic resistance was frequently reported, mainly in Brazil. Monitoring efforts should be performed in other countries in Latin America, as well as in other regions of Brazil and México. The suggested priority list for monitoring of emerging contaminants in Latin America covers: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol-A (BP-A), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), triclosan (TCS), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), tetracycline (TC), amoxicillin (AMOX), norfloxacin (NOR), ampicillin (AMP) and imipenem (IMP). We hope this list serves as a basis for the orientation of the future research and monitoring projects to better understand the distribution and concentration of the listed emerging substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Reichert
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, DF, Brazil.
| | - Stephan Hilgert
- Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, Building 50.31, 3rd Floor, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, Building 50.31, 3rd Floor, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Júlio César Rodrigues Azevedo
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, DF, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technology University of Paraná, Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, 81280-340, Curitiba PR, Brazil
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161
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Gmurek M, Gomes JF, Martins RC, Quinta-Ferreira RM. Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37174-37192. [PMID: 31749006 PMCID: PMC6937227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are xenobiosis belonging to endocrine disruptors and commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. Their wide use is leading to their appearance in water and wastewater in the range from ng/L to mg/L. In fact, the toxicity of benzylparaben is comparable to bisphenol A. Therefore, it is important to find not only effective but also ecofriendly methods for their removal from aqueous environment since the traditional wastewater treatment approaches are ineffective. Herein, for the first time, such extended comparison of several radical-driven technologies for paraben mixture degradation is presented. The detailed evaluation included (1) comparison of ozone and hydroxyl peroxide processes; (2) comparison of catalytic and photocatalytic processes (including photocatalytic ozonation); (3) characterisation of catalysts using SEM, XRD, DRS, XPS techniques and BET isotherm; (4) mineralisation, biodegradability and toxicity assessment; and (5) cost assessment. O3, H2O2/Fe2+, H2O2/UVC, O3/H2O2, O3/UVA, O3/H2O2/UVA, UVA/catalyst, O3/catalyst and O3/UVA/catalyst were selected from advanced oxidation processes to degrade parabens as well as to decrease its toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Corbicula fluminea and Lepidium sativum. Research was focused on the photocatalytic process involving visible light (UVA and natural sunlight) and TiO2 catalysts modified by different metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Au). Photocatalytic oxidation showed the lowest efficiency, while in combining ozone with catalysis and photocatalysis process, degradation efficiency and toxicity removal were improved. Photocatalytic ozonation slightly improved degradation efficiency but appreciably decreased transferred ozone dose (TOD). Results indicate that the degradation pathway is different, or different transformation products (TPs) could be formed, despite that the hydroxyl radicals are the main oxidant. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gmurek
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
| | - João F Gomes
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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162
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Parabens Adsorption onto Activated Carbon: Relation with Chemical and Structural Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234313. [PMID: 31779151 PMCID: PMC6930536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens (alkyl-p-hidroxybenzoates) are antimicrobial preservatives used in personal care products, classified as an endocrine disruptor, so they are considered emerging contaminants. A raw version of activated carbons obtained from African palm shell (Elaeis guineensis) modified chemically by impregnation with salts of CaCl2 (GC2), MgCl2 (GM2) and Cu(NO3)2 (GCu2) at 2% wt/v and carbonized in CO2 atmosphere at 1173 K was prepared. The process of adsorption of methyl (MePB) and ethylparaben (EtPB) from aqueous solution on the activated carbons at 18 °C was studied and related to the interactions between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, which can be quantified through the determination of immersion enthalpies in aqueous solutions of corresponding paraben, showing the lowest-value carbon GM2, which has a surface area of 608 m2 × g-1, while the highest values correspond to the activated carbon GCu2, with a surface area of 896 m2 × g-1 and the highest content of surface acid sites (0.42 mmol × g-1), such as lactonic and phenolic compounds, which indicates that the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions are favored by the presence of these, with interaction enthalpies that vary between 5.72 and 51.95 J × g-1 for MePB adsorption and 1.24 and 52.38 J × g-1 for EtPB adsorption showing that the process is endothermic.
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163
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Juksu K, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Yao L, Sarin C, Sreesai S, Klomjek P, Jiang YX, Ying GG. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1110-1119. [PMID: 31470474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 19 biocides in 8 wastewater treatment plants and receiving aquatic environments (both freshwater and estuarine systems) in Thailand. The predominant compound in wastewater and surface water was methylparaben with the maximum concentration of 15.2 μg/L detected in the receiving river, while in sludge and sediment was triclocarban with the maximum concentration of 8.47 μg/g in sludge. Triclosan was the main contaminants in the fish samples with the maximum concentration of 1.20 μg/g. Similar results of biocides were found in the estuarine system in Pattaya city, with the maximum concentration of 185 ng/L in sea water for methylparaben, and 242 ng/g in estuarine sediment for triclocarban. The aqueous removal rates for the biocides ranged from 15% to 95% in average. The back estimated-usage and total estimated emission of Ʃ19 biocides in Thailand was 279 and 202 tons/year, respectively. Preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that clotrimazole and triclosan could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokthip Juksu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Charoon Sarin
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Siranee Sreesai
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pantip Klomjek
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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164
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Yu Y, Li W, Lu S, Wu S, Wang F, Tse LA, Kang L, Ma S. Urinary parabens in adults from South China: Implications for human exposure and health risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109419. [PMID: 31301591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a kind of preservatives widely used in cosmetic and personal care products and ubiquitously detected in the environment. However, little is known on human exposure to these chemicals. Our study mainly investigated the urinary parabens in adults from South China to evaluate the cumulative risk of paraben exposure. A total of 562 urine samples were collected from adult workers for the determination of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben, and benzyl parabens. High detection frequencies (≥98%) were observed for MeP, EtP, and PrP with median concentrations of 8.88, 5.11, and 1.44 μg/L, respectively. Urinary parabens was 4.5-46.2 fold higher in urine of females than those in males. Urinary MeP was associated with alcohol drinking and a history of tumor, while urinary PrP was negatively associated with education levels of the subjects. There were not significant associations between urinary concentrations of parabens and body mass index, which indicated that obesity was not associated with paraben exposure. Also, parabens did not correlate with human dietary habits. Although the total estimated daily intake (TEDI) of the major compound MeP and EtP in adult workers was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the TEDI of PrP exceed the ADI for a very few subjects, especially for females and low-educated ones, suggesting potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Suyang Wu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Li Kang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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165
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Liao C, Shi J, Wang X, Zhu Q, Kannan K. Occurrence and distribution of parabens and bisphenols in sediment from northern Chinese coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:759-767. [PMID: 31344538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite high production and usage of parabens and bisphenols, little is known about their spatiotemporal distribution in the marine environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of several parabens and their metabolites as well as bisphenol analogues in sediment collected from coastal areas of northern China. All sediment samples, including surface sediment and sediment cores, contained at least one of the parabens analyzed, and the total concentrations of parabens (ΣPBs; sum of six parabens) ranged from 1.37 to 24.2 ng/g dw (geometric mean: 3.30-6.09 g/g dw), which was comparable to or slightly higher than those found for the total concentrations of five detectable bisphenols (ΣBPAs; geometric mean: 2.18-4.61 ng/g dw). 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a common metabolite of parabens, was found in all samples at concentrations in the range of 6.85-437 ng/g dw, which was one order of magnitude lower than those found for benzoic acid. Methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-parabens were the predominant paraben analogues, collectively accounting for >88% of ΣPBs. Bisphenol A and bisphenol F were the two major bisphenols, collectively accounting for >86% of ΣBPAs. We also examined vertical profiles in concentrations of target analytes in sediment cores. The sediment core from the Shandong Peninsula showed a gradual increase in the concentrations of several parent and metabolic parabens as well as bisphenols during the past decade. Relatively higher concentrations of parabens and bisphenols were found in sediment cores collected from industrialized areas. Significant positive correlations were found among the concentrations of parabens in sediment, which suggested the existence of similar sources for these compounds. Overall, our findings suggest that the Bohai Sea coast is moderately contaminated with parabens and bisphenols in comparison to other coastal areas in China or elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States.
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166
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Kohli HP, Gupta S, Chakraborty M. Stability and performance study of emulsion nanofluid membrane: A combined approach of adsorption and extraction of Ethylparaben. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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167
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Lee JW, Lee HK, Moon HB. Contamination and spatial distribution of parabens, their metabolites and antimicrobials in sediment from Korean coastal waters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:185-191. [PMID: 31082583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antimicrobials known as parabens, triclosan (TCS), and triclocarban (TCC) are emerging environmental contaminants. Limited studies on these contaminants have been conducted in coastal environments. In our study, parabens, their metabolites, TCS, and TCC were measured in sediment collected along the Korean coast, to investigate contamination status, spatial distribution, and potential health risks to coastal environments. Methyl paraben and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in all sediment samples, suggesting widespread contamination. Total concentrations of parent parabens, their metabolites, TCS, and TCC ranged from 0.19 to 11.2 (mean: 2.40) ng/g dry weight, 9.65 to 480 (mean: 120) ng/g dry weight, and < limit of quantification (LOQ)-6.10 (mean: 0.41) ng/g dry weight, and from < LOQ-41.0 (mean: 2.78) ng/g dry weight, respectively. The overall contamination of parabens and antimicrobials in sediment was different from that reported for persistent organic pollutants due to different contamination sources among chemical groups. Significant correlation was found among target contaminants in sediment, suggesting the existence of a common source. Total organic carbon (TOC) was significantly correlated with the concentrations of target contaminants, implying a major factor for coastal distribution of parabens and antimicrobials. The concentrations of parabens and TCS measured in sediment did not exceed a hazard quotient (HQ), implying low potential health risks associated with exposure to these contaminants. This is the first study to report the nationwide distribution of parabens, their metabolites, and antimicrobials in the coastal environments of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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168
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Routine analytical method for monitoring the main metabolites for a recurrent group of parabens and pharmaceuticals in wastewater and tap water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6625-6635. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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169
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Pompei CME, Campos LC, da Silva BF, Fogo JC, Vieira EM. Occurrence of PPCPs in a Brazilian water reservoir and their removal efficiency by ecological filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:210-219. [PMID: 30927673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products) in water sources and drinking water has concerned researchers in recent times. This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of 6 PPCPs (namely paracetamol, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, benzophenone-3 and methylparaben) in the Lobo reservoir, their degradation products, and how efficiently they were removed by 22 ecological filters, considering individual and mixture of compounds. There were 3 spiking events of PPCPs (2 μg L-1) in the ecological filter influents conducted with a lag period of 15 days between spikes. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the filters at 3, 6 and 24 h after each spiking event. All target PPCPs were identified in the Lobo reservoir water in the range of μg L-1. The personal care products were detected with 100% frequency in the samples, and in higher concentrations compared to the pharmaceuticals. Degradation products of diclofenac and benzophenone-3 were identified in the water samples. Results of this investigation show that ecological filtration was an effective process (70-99%) to remove 2 μg L-1 of the selected PPCPs, and demonstrated that the filters were resilient to individual compounds and to their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moço Erba Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Cintra Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bianca Ferreira da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Fogo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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170
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Bereketoglu C, Pradhan A. Comparative transcriptional analysis of methylparaben and propylparaben in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:129-139. [PMID: 30928742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in different commercial items including food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and their wide use has resulted in accumulation in the environment. Parabens have been shown to have negative effects on animals as well as human health. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive study to determine the adverse effects associated with propylparaben (PP) and methylparaben (MP) on early developmental stages of zebrafish. Mortality, hatching, developmental abnormalities and gene expression profiles were investigated in embryos exposed to both compounds. The semi-static exposure conditions showed that both MP (≥100 μM) and PP (≥10 μM) are toxic to the embryos in a concentration-dependent manner and lead to developmental abnormality. Malformations such as spinal defects, pericardial edema, and pigmentation defects were observed following both MP and PP treatments. Hatching delay, mortality and developmental abnormality data indicate that PP is more toxic than MP. For gene expression analysis, 1 and 10 μM doses of MP and PP were analyzed. Genes from physiological pathways including stress response, cell cycle and DNA damage, inflammation, fatty acid metabolism and endocrine functions were affected by MP and PP. The gene expression profiles show that parabens cause toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis as well as by altering fatty acid metabolism. Altered expression of androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor 2 alpha (esr2a) indicates an antiandrogenic and estrogenic activity of parabens in zebrafish. Overall, the present study provides considerable information on the negative effects of MP and PP using physiological endpoints and motivates further studies to explore the molecular mechanism of the toxicity associated with parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Bereketoglu
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
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171
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Petala A, Noe A, Frontistis Z, Drivas C, Kennou S, Mantzavinos D, Kondarides DI. Synthesis and characterization of CoO x/BiVO 4 photocatalysts for the degradation of propyl paraben. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:52-60. [PMID: 29567302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-promoted bismuth vanadate photocatalysts of variable cobalt content (0-1.0 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized with various techniques including BET, XRD, DRS, XPS and TEM. BiVO4 exists in the monoclinic scheelite structure, while cobalt addition improves the absorbance in the visible region although it does not affect the band gap energy of BiVO4. Cobalt exists in the form of well-dispersed Co3O4 nanocrystallites, which are in intimate contact with the much larger BiVO4 nanoparticles. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of propyl paraben (PP) under simulated solar radiation. The activity of pristine BiVO4 is significantly improved adding small amounts of cobalt and is maximized for the catalyst containing 0.5 wt.% Co. PP degradation in ultrapure pure water increases with increasing photocatalyst loading (100 mg/L to 1.5 g/L), and decreasing PP concentration (1600-200 μg/L). Experiments in bottled water, as well as in pure water spiked with bicarbonate and chloride ions showed little effect of non-target inorganics on degradation. Conversely, degradation is severely impeded in secondary treated wastewater. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts is attributed to efficient electron-hole separation, achieved at the p-n junction formed between the p-type Co3O4 and the n-type BiVO4 semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Petala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Antigoni Noe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Drivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stella Kennou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris I Kondarides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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172
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Freire C, Molina-Molina JM, Iribarne-Durán LM, Jiménez-Díaz I, Vela-Soria F, Mustieles V, Arrebola JP, Fernández MF, Artacho-Cordón F, Olea N. Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:592-600. [PMID: 30986741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available on the content of bisphenol A (BPA) and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as parabens in infant textiles and clothes. OBJECTIVES 1) To determine the concentrations of BPA and parabens in socks for infants and young children purchased in Spain, 2) to assess the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of extracts from the socks, and 3) to estimate dermal exposure doses to these chemicals. METHODS Thirty-two pairs of socks for infants and young children (1-48 months) were purchased from 3 stores in Granada (Spain). Textile material was cut from the foot, toe, and leg of each sock (n = 96 samples) for chemical analysis. Hormone-like activities were determined in foot sections (n = 32 samples) by using the E-Screen assay for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. RESULTS BPA was present in 90.6% of samples at concentrations ranging from <0.70 to 3736 ng/g. BPA levels were around 25-fold higher in socks from store 1, which had a higher cotton content compared to stores 2 and 3. Ethyl-paraben was found in 100% of samples, followed by methyl-paraben (81.0%), and propyl-paraben (43.7%). No butyl-paraben was detected in any sample. Estrogenic activity was detected in 83.3% of socks from store 1 (range = 48.2-6051 pM E2eq/g) but in only three socks from stores 2 and 3. Anti-androgenic activity was detected in six of the 32 socks studied (range = 94.4-2989 μM Proceq/g), all from store 1. Estimated dermal exposure to BPA was higher from socks for children aged 36-48 months (median = 17.6 pg/kg/day), and dermal exposure to parabens was higher from socks for children aged 24-36 months (median = 0.60 pg/kg/day). DISCUSSION This is the first report in Europe on the wide presence of BPA and parabens in socks marketed for infants and children. BPA appears to contribute to the hormone-like activity observed in sock extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada E-18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.
| | - José-Manuel Molina-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada E-18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.
| | - Luz M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain.
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada E-18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada E-18012, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada E-18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada E-18016, Spain.
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173
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Feng J, Zhao J, Xi N, Guo W, Sun J. Parabens and their metabolite in surface water and sediment from the Yellow River and the Huai River in Henan Province: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:480-487. [PMID: 30738230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids (parabens) and their metabolite, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) were simultaneously determined in surface water and sediment from the Yellow River and the Huai River in Henan Province, China. Concentrations of ∑parabens in surface water were 3.31-55.2 ng/L in the Yellow River and 15.0-164 ng/L in the Huai River, while in the sediment, concentrations of ∑parabens were 13.3-37.2 ng/g and 16.1-31.6 ng/g, respectively. Compared with other studies, levels of parabens in the studied area were relatively high in the sediments but middle in the surface water. MeP and PrP were the most abundant parabens, and were detected in all sampling sites. Contributions of EtP, BzP, BuP, and HeP to ∑parabens were each no more than 10%. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was found in all samples albeit at low concentrations. Significant positive correlations among parabens suggest similar sources of parabens in the Yellow River and the HuaiRiver. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) had an important effect on parabens in the surface water of the Yellow and Huai Rivers. Due to low dilution of discharges, high concentrations of parabens were found during moderate precipitation season as well as minimal precipitation season in surface water. However, no apparent seasonal variation of parabens in surface sediment was observed. Hazard quotients showed that the ecological risks of parabens was low in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Feng
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Nannan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
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174
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Liu W, Zhou Y, Li J, Sun X, Liu H, Jiang Y, Peng Y, Zhao H, Xia W, Li Y, Cai Z, Xu S. Parabens exposure in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:468-475. [PMID: 30844582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread exposure to parabens has been a concern, especially among pregnant women. Only one study reported that parabens are associated with glucose levels among pregnant women. However, studies on parabens exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether exposure to parabens in early pregnancy is related to GDM. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 1087 pregnant women from a single tertiary medical center between 2014 and 2015 in Wuhan, China. Parabens [methyl paraben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzylparaben (BzP)] concentrations were measured in spot urine samples collected between 8 and 16 gestational weeks. GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel (IADPSG) recommendations. We used the Poisson regression with a robust error variance with generalized estimating equations (GEE) estimation analyses to evaluate associations between parabens exposure and GDM risk. RESULTS A total of 103 (9.5%) women were diagnosed with GDM. We evaluated the associations of GDM risk with urinary MeP, EtP, and PrP (detection rate: >90%), but not with BuP and BzP due to the relatively low detection rate (<50%). After adjustment for potential confounders, urinary EtP was associated with GDM. The risk ratios (RRs) = 1.12 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.01) for the second quartile, RRs = 1.11 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.93) for the third quartile, and RRs = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.82) for the highest quartile, compared with the lowest quartile. There was no evidence of associations between urinary MeP or PrP and GDM. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between urinary paraben levels in early pregnancy and GDM. Our findings suggest that exposure to EtP may increase the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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175
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Zornoza A, Moreno L, Puig-Rigall J, Porcar L, González-Gaitano G. Micellar solubilisation of methylparaben in poloxamines: Effects on the aggregation behaviour and reactivity. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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176
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López-Serna R, Posadas E, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from urban wastewater in novel algal-bacterial photobioreactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:32-40. [PMID: 30684900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the removal of five pharmaceuticals and personal care products, i.e., ibuprofen, naproxen, salicylic acid, triclosan and propylparaben, from urban wastewater under two novel algal-bacterial photobioreactor settings. The first configuration (phase A) consisted of an anoxic-aerobic photobioreactor operating at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2d at different concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) (90mgL-1-200mgL-1). In the second configuration (phase B) an anaerobic step was introduced before the anoxic tank to set a photosynthetic A2O process. In this phase, the HRT varied between 3 and 4d and the TOC was kept constant at 200mgL-1. In addition, the impact of external aeration in the aerobic photobioreactor was assessed. The maximum removals for ibuprofen, naproxen, salicylic acid, triclosan and propylparaben (94±1%, 52±43%, 98±2%, 100±0%, 100±0%, respectively) were recorded during phase B. In phase A, low TOC concentrations triggered higher ibuprofen and naproxen removals likely due to the high contribution of biological oxidation on their removal. In phase B, total or very high removal efficiencies were observed for ibuprofen, propylparaben and triclosan independently on the operating conditions. In contrast, the removal efficiency of naproxen and salicylic acid decreased when the HRT dropped from 4 to 3d in the absence of external aeration, which suggests that biodegradation played a key role in their removal. In addition, sorption might have contributed to the elimination of triclosan and propylparaben from the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca López-Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (IPS), Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Esther Posadas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (IPS), Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro A García-Encina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (IPS), Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (IPS), Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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177
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Shreve MJ, Brennan RA. Trace organic contaminant removal in six full-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems treating municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:318-331. [PMID: 30616044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) often pass through conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (CAS-WWTPs) and are discharged into surface waters, where they can threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health, largely due to the hormone disrupting effects of certain TrOCs. The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is a cost-effective means of upgrading CAS-WWTPs by adding free-floating carrier media, which promotes biofilm formation in the well-mixed suspended growth reactors, providing a potential niche for slow-growing microorganisms. Although IFAS upgrades are typically aimed at enhancing nutrient removal, limited bench- and pilot-scale data indicate that TrOC removal may also be improved. However, only limited reports which focus on a small number of compounds in individual full-scale IFAS-WWTPs have been published to date, and no data is available regarding the removal of estrogenic activity in full-scale IFAS-WWTPs. In this study, six full-scale IFAS-WWTPs were surveyed to quantify TrOC and estrogenic activity removal. Twenty-four hour composite samples of secondary influent and effluent (pre-disinfection) were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), estrogenic activity, and 98 TrOCs. The biomass distribution between the suspended growth phase (i.e. mixed liquor) and IFAS media was also assessed. All IFAS-WWTPs performed well in terms of TSS, COD, and ammonia removal. TN removal varied in accordance with nitrate removal. Total solids per liter of wetted reactor volume ranged from 2.5 to 7.6 g, with 40-60% attached to media. TrOCs with no detection (17) and those with high median removal (23, ≥90% average removal) were observed. Other TrOCs had lower and more variable removal efficiencies. Qualitative comparison with CAS literature shows potentially higher IFAS removal efficiencies for a number of compounds including several which have been previously indicated in bench- or pilot-scale studies (atenolol, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, DEET, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol), as well as the chlorinated flame retardants TCIPP and TDCIPP. Effluent estrogenic activity was found to be similar to that reported for full-scale CAS-WWTPs. These results provide the first survey of multiple full-scale IFAS-WWTPs employing mobile plastic carrier media in terms of basic chemical endpoints (removal of ammonia, TN, TP, and COD), the distribution of solids within the systems, and the removal of TrOCs and estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shreve
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Rachel A Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA, USA, 16802.
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178
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Chen J, Meng XZ, Bergman A, Halden RU. Nationwide reconnaissance of five parabens, triclosan, triclocarban and its transformation products in sewage sludge from China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:502-510. [PMID: 30466048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China's rapid growth of both population size and sanitation infrastructure have created a heightened need for responsible management of sewage sludge. We applied liquid chromatography in conjunction with isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry to measure multiple endocrine disrupting antimicrobials and their transformation products in 100 sewage sludge samples collected across 21 Chinese provinces/districts. Occurrences (detection frequencies) and concentrations (ng/g dry weight) were as follows: triclosan (99%; <4-4870), triclocarban (95%; <3-43,300), 2'-hydroxy-triclocarban (94%; <1-2340), 3'-hydroxy-triclocarban (91%; <1-1250), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorocarbanilide (100%; 22-580), dichlorocarbanilide (94%; <2-23,890), monocarbanilide (92%; <2-120), carbanilide (90%; <3-1,340), and five parabens: methyl- (98%; <2-630), ethyl- (96%; <2-170), propyl- (99%; <2-27), butyl- (89%; <2-11) and benzyl-paraben (7%; <2-12). The transformation products of triclocarban were measured for the first time in Chinese wastewater system, and ratios of transformation products to parental triclocarban indicate ongoing triclocarban dechlorination during wastewater treatment. Contaminant profiles and concentrations differed by region, treatment capacity, and wastewater type. Extrapolation of collected data yielded an estimate for the total mass of 13 analytes sequestered in Chinese sewage sludge of 68 t/y with an upper bound of 400 t/y. This China-wide survey established baseline levels of selected antimicrobials in sludges whose current disposal is performed with little regulatory oversight and enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ake Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, Södertälje 15136, Sweden
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
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179
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Lu S, Wang N, Ma S, Hu X, Kang L, Yu Y. Parabens and triclosan in shellfish from Shenzhen coastal waters: Bioindication of pollution and human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:257-263. [PMID: 30557799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the concentrations of parabens and triclosan (TCS) in shellfish from coastal waters of Shenzhen, South China. A method of isotope dilution with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine TCS and five paraben analogues, including methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben (BuP), and benzyl paraben (BeP), in 186 shellfish samples covering eight species. Concentrations of parabens and TCS were 0.13-25.5 ng/g wet weight (ww) and <LOQ-6.51 ng/g ww, respectively, indicating their ubiquitous contamination in Shenzhen coastal waters. MeP was the most predominant paraben, followed by EtP and PrP. These three analogues accounted for more than 95% of the total concentrations of parabens. The "high" estimated daily intakes of parabens and TCS with the 95th percentage concentrations were estimated to be 2.15-26.1 and 0.41-10.3 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, much lower than the acceptable dietary intakes of parabens (1 × 107 ng/kg bw/day) and TCS (200 ng/kg bw/day), indicating no significant human health risks from shellfish consumption in the studied region. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrences of parabens and TCS in shellfish products from Shenzhen coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xing Hu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Li Kang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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180
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Wu H, Wu LH, Wang F, Gao CJ, Chen D, Guo Y. Several environmental endocrine disruptors in beverages from South China: occurrence and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5873-5884. [PMID: 30612374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in beverages may enter the human body by ingestion and thus may represent a potential health risk. In this study, phthalates, bisphenol A, and its analogues, parabens, benzophenone-type UV filters, and triclosan (TCS) were analyzed in beverage samples (n = 116) collected from local markets in Guangzhou, South China. Twelve of 30 target compounds were found in > 50% samples, and for the first time, TCS was found in a majority of beverages from China (~ 80%). Among all analytes, concentrations of total phthalates (median = 14.4 ng/mL) were generally two orders of magnitude higher than other target EEDs, and concentrations of total benzophenone-type UV filters (0.02 ng/mL) and TCS (0.01 ng/mL) were the lowest. Among all targets, phthalates were predominant, accounting for > 99% of the total EEDs, and dimethyl phthalate was frequently detected in beverages (> 60%). In addition, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of EEDs for Chinese populations of different age groups based on the daily consumption of beverages. The EDIs of total EEDs were the highest for toddlers (mean = 14,200 ng/kg-bw/day) followed by children and teenagers (3420 ng/kg-bw/day), adults (1950 ng/kg-bw/day), the elderly (1740 ng/kg-bw/day), and infants (70 ng/kg-bw/day). Compared to all food categories, EEDs from beverage consumption accounted for ~ 0.1% (parabens) to 20% (phthalates) of total exposure from diet. However, intakes of phthalates, bisphenols, and TCS from beverages were comparable to those from other potential sources (food, dust, personal care products, cloth, and medicines). Furthermore, the cumulative risks of EEDs by beverage consumption were not high, which indicated that EEDs in beverages might not represent a potential human health risk for Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu-Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chong-Jing Gao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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181
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Zhu B, Wei N. Biocatalytic Degradation of Parabens Mediated by Cell Surface Displayed Cutinase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:354-364. [PMID: 30507170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are emerging environmental contaminants with known endocrine-disrupting effects. This study created a novel biocatalyst (named as SDFsC) by expressing the enzyme Fusarium solani pisi cutinase (FsC) on the cell surface of Baker's yeast Sacchromycese cerevisiae and demonstrated successful enzyme-mediated removal of parabens for the first time. Parabens with different side chain structures had different degradation rates by the SDFsC. The SDFsC preferentially degraded the parabens with relatively long alkyl or aromatic side chains. The structure-dependent degradability was in a good agreement with the binding energy between the active site of FsC and different parabens. In real wastewater effluent solution, the SDFsC effectively degraded 800 μg/L of propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben, either as a single compound or as a mixture, within 48 h. The estrogenic activity of parabens was considerably reduced as the parent parabens were degraded into 4-hydroxybenzoic acid via hydrolysis pathway by the SDFsC. The SDFsC showed superior reusability and maintained 93% of its initial catalytic activity after six rounds of paraben degradation reaction. Results from this study provide scientific basis for developing biocatalysis as a green chemistry alternative for advanced treatment of parabens in sustainable water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , 156 Fitzpatrick Hall , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , 156 Fitzpatrick Hall , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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182
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Jeong Y, Xue J, Park KJ, Kannan K, Moon HB. Tissue-Specific Accumulation and Body Burden of Parabens and Their Metabolites in Small Cetaceans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:475-481. [PMID: 30518212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parabens have been of global concern due to their endocrine disrupting properties. However, few studies have reported tissue-specific distribution of parabens in wildlife. In this study, we measured parabens and their metabolites in organs and tissues (blubber, muscle, melon, stomach, kidney, liver, gonad, brain, uterus, and umbilical cord, total n = 94) of common dolphins ( Delphinus capensis) and finless porpoises ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis), to investigate tissue-specific accumulation and body burden. Among the target compounds, methyl paraben (MeP) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) were detected in all organs. Compared to common dolphins, finless porpoises had significantly higher concentrations of MeP and 4-HB due to their near-shore habitat. Higher concentrations of MeP and 4-HB were found in the kidney, liver, and stomach than in other organs, indicating selective accumulation of parabens in certain organs. Significant correlations between MeP and 4-HB in liver/kidney suggested metabolic transformation of the former to the latter. Detection of parabens in brains, umbilical cords, and uteri suggests that these chemicals cross biological barriers such as the blood-brain and placental barriers. The body burdens of total parabens were in the ranges of 13000-90600 μg and 19800-81500 μg for common dolphins and finless porpoises, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Kyum Joon Park
- Cetacean Research Institute (CRI) , National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) , Ulsan 44780 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Republic of Korea
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183
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Pereira JAM, Gonçalves J, Porto-Figueira P, Figueira JA, Alves V, Perestrelo R, Medina S, Câmara JS. Current trends on microextraction by packed sorbent – fundamentals, application fields, innovative improvements and future applications. Analyst 2019; 144:5048-5074. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MEPS, the acronym of microextraction by packed sorbent, is a simple, fast and user- and environmentally-friendly miniaturization of the popular solid-phase extraction technique (SPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | | | - José A. Figueira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia
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184
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Effect of the electrolyte on the electrolysis and photoelectrolysis of synthetic methyl paraben polluted wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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185
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Lei K, Zhu Y, Chen W, Pan HY, Guo BB, Zhang X, Cao YX, Sweetman AJ, Lin CY. The occurrence of home and personal care products in the Haihe River catchment and estimation of human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:63-72. [PMID: 29936170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A sub-catchment of the Haihe River basin goes through the Beijing-Tianjin region with a population of 26 million, therefore, the use and release of home and personal care product ingredients (HPCPs) to the river catchment could be potentially substantial. Many HPCPs have been shown to be toxic to human and animals. So, it is essential to know the exposure level of HPCPs in the river basin. The average concentrations of five preservatives, three disinfectants and an antioxidant were found to be 398, 352 and 77.7 ng L-1, respectively, in the dry season. The chemical concentrations in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and untreated wastewater discharge were respectively ca. 1.3-2.2 and 1.6-7.5 times higher than those in river water. The mass flux of ∑HPCPs has been estimated to be 8.7 g/h at the outfall of the Shahe Reservoir and 181 g/h and 214 g/h at the estuary of the Haihe River and Yongdingxin River to Bohai Bay, respectively. The attenuation of ∑HPCPs was over 79% along the Wenyu River. By using the backward method, the estimated average loadings to WWTPs ranged from 0.51 to 2.0 mg/day/cap for the various individual compounds. They were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from the forward calculation for parabens. This indicates the possible underestimation of chemical usage and human exposure levels by the current published studies or the probably additional industrial release to the target catchment. Such a study provides useful information for the development of chemical management approaches and indicates that further research is needed to improve the estimation of HPCPs usage and emissions to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yun Pan
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Bo Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Xin Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew J Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Ye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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186
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Metheniti ME, Frontistis Z, Ribeiro RS, Silva AMT, Faria JL, Gomes HT, Mantzavinos D. Degradation of propyl paraben by activated persulfate using iron-containing magnetic carbon xerogels: investigation of water matrix and process synergy effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34801-34810. [PMID: 28986771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An advanced oxidation process comprising an iron-containing magnetic carbon xerogel (CX/Fe) and persulfate was tested for the degradation of propyl paraben (PP), a contaminant of emerging concern, in various water matrices. Moreover, the effect of 20 kHz ultrasound or light irradiation on process performance was evaluated. The pseudo-first order degradation rate of PP was found to increase with increasing SPS concentration (25-500 mg/L) and decreasing PP concentration (1690-420 μg/L) and solution pH (9-3). Furthermore, the effect of water matrix on kinetics was detrimental depending on the complexity (i.e., wastewater, river water, bottled water) and the concentration of matrix constituents (i.e., humic acid, chloride, bicarbonate). The simultaneous use of CX/Fe and ultrasound as persulfate activators resulted in a synergistic effect, with the level of synergy (between 35 and 50%) depending on the water matrix. Conversely, coupling CX/Fe with simulated solar or UVA irradiation resulted in a cumulative effect in experiments performed in ultrapure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Evangelia Metheniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Rui S Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder T Gomes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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187
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Chiesa LM, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Arioli F. Evaluation of parabens and their metabolites in fish and fish products: a comprehensive analytical approach using LC-HRMS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2400-2413. [PMID: 30475676 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1544721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parabens (PBs) are preservatives frequently used in cosmetics and personal care products as well as in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to their extensive defence mechanisms against multiple categories of microorganisms. Although they are considered safe when used within defined concentration limits, concern about their potential toxicity is still particularly active. Revealed as emerging pollutants, their incidence and behaviour in the aquatic environment have been studied, but there is only sporadic information when it comes to their extent and distribution in seafood. This study explores the presence of methyl- (MeP), ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzylparaben and their main degradation product 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) in several fish species and bivalve samples with the aim to evaluate these food matrices as potentially important contamination sources of PB. Additionally, infant food containing fish was also enrolled in this survey: firstly, due to the absence of any information regarding this exceptionally important food item, and secondly, because of the necessity to estimate the PB content in the processed food. For this purpose, a fast, reliable and robust method was developed based on a simple liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance LC, coupled with a benchtop Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution MS. The Q-Exactive parameters were carefully scheduled to achieve a balance between the optimal scan speed and selectivity, considering the limitations that are associated with generic sample preparation methodology. The method was validated through specificity, linearity, recovery, intra- and inter-day repeatability, LOD and LOQ. LOD and LOQ reached the ranges 0.65-3.5 and 2.15-11.7 ng g-1, respectively, while overall recovery ranged from 77% to 118%. The PBs were more frequently present in bivalves than in fish samples with MeP as the main PB detected. No PBs were found in infant food, but pHBA was observed in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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188
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Ngigi EM, Nomngongo PN, Ngila JC. Synthesis and Application of Fe-Doped WO3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylparaben Using Visible–Light Radiation and H2O2. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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189
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Goulart LA, Guaraldo TT, Lanza MRV. A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Printex L6 Carbon Black Carrying CuO/Cu
2
O Nanoparticles for Propylparaben Determination. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A. Goulart
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP- 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Thaís T. Guaraldo
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP- 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP- 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Alternativas para DetecçãoAvaliação Toxicológica e Remoção de Micropoluentes e Radioativos (INCT-DATREM)Instituto de Química, Unesp 14800-900 Araraquara, SP Brazil
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190
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López-Ortiz CM, Sentana-Gadea I, Varó-Galvañ P, Maestre-Pérez SE, Prats-Rico D. The use of combined treatments for reducing parabens in surface waters: Ion-exchange resin and nanofiltration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:228-236. [PMID: 29787906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the removal of parabens from waters, using a combined treatment of magnetic ion exchange resins and subsequent filtration through nanofiltration membranes, was investigated. The selected parabens were methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben. Two different magnetic anionic exchanger resins, MIEX® DOC and MIEX® GOLD, and two nanofiltration membranes (NF), NF-90 and DESAL-HL, were tested. The study was carried out using mono and multicomponent systems, using deionized water and natural waters sampled from two different rivers. In this way, competitive and matrix effects could be evaluated. The results showed, that with the combined treatments, higher elimination rates were obtained. The best removal efficiencies were obtained when the DOC resin was combined with both NF-90 and DESAL-HL membranes. Thus, butylparaben and propylparaben reached removal yields around 100% with both membranes, whereas the corresponding values for methylparaben were 91%, when the NF-90 membrane was employed, or 92% when DESAL-HL membrane was utilized. The elimination rates of ethylparaben with the same treatments were 96% with the NF-90 and 97% when the DESAL-HL membrane was combined with the DOC resin. The elimination percentages were higher as the paraben alkyl chain length increased. In addition, no competitiveness or matrix effects were detected. When the MIEX® GOLD resin was used for pre-treatment, membrane fouling worsened which indicated that resin selection needs to be carefully considered to achieve the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M López-Ortiz
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Irene Sentana-Gadea
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Varó-Galvañ
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador E Maestre-Pérez
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Prats-Rico
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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191
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Chen J, Hartmann EM, Kline J, Van Den Wymelenberg K, Halden RU. Assessment of human exposure to triclocarban, triclosan and five parabens in U.S. indoor dust using dispersive solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:623-630. [PMID: 30149349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials in indoor dust pose concerns due to their endocrine disrupting activities and potential promotion of antibiotic resistance. We adopted dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify antimicrobials in dust. The method showed favorable linearity (R2 >0.99), recovery (83-115%), and method detection limits (1.2-5.6 ng/g, dry weight). All seven analytes were found at median concentrations in ng/g in each of the 80 U.S. dust samples collected from athletic facilities and residential homes: methyl paraben (1920) > propyl paraben (965) > triclosan (390) > triclocarban (270) > ethyl paraben (195) > butyl paraben (80) > benzyl paraben (6). Triclosan levels in dust from athletic facilities were significantly higher than those in private homes (p < 0.05). Median estimated daily intake (EDI) of antimicrobials in ng/kg-body weight/d from dust ingestion was lowest for adults (1.9) and higher for more sensitive subpopulations, including infants (19.8), toddlers (23.6), children (11.8) and teenagers (4.6). This first application of d-SPE to the analysis of dust produced U.S. baseline data for triclosan and triclocarban levels in indoor dust just prior to the 2017 Federal ban on use of these trichlorinated aromatics in antiseptic soaps and related personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Jeff Kline
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, College of Design, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, College of Design, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States.
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192
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Ding C, He J, Xu M, Wang C. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin modified mesostructured silica coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites and application for paraben removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:1001-1009. [PMID: 30339525 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the novel β-cyclodextrin modified mesostructured silica coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites were synthesized and applied for the removal of parabens in aqueous solution. The prepared MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the amount of adsorbent, pH and elution solvents on the removal efficiency of parabens from water solutions were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, over 95% removal efficiency was achieved by using 40 mg of MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD adsorbents to absorb the parabens from 60 mL of 0.5 μg/mL parabens solutions. The solution pH in the range from 5 to 9 has no influence on the removal efficiency and the parabens sorption capacity of the prepared adsorbents were around 0.75 μg/mg. Furthermore, the stability and reusability studies demonstrated that the prepared MWCNTs/SiO2/β-CD composites are cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of parabens from water with high regeneration efficiency. The composites fabricated in this study could become an attractive candidate for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyuan Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China E-mail:
| | - Jun He
- Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China E-mail:
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193
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Wan D, Chen Y, Su J, Liu L, Zuo Y. Ultraviolet absorption redshift induced direct photodegradation of halogenated parabens under simulated sunlight. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:46-54. [PMID: 29859391 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As disinfection by-products of parabens, halogenated parabens are frequently detected in aquatic environments and exhibit higher persistence and toxicity than parabens themselves. An interesting phenomenon was found that UV absorption redshift (∼45 nm) occurs after halogenation of parabens at circumneutral pH, leading to overlap with the spectrum of terrestrial sunlight. This work presents the first evidence on the direct photodegradation of seven chlorinated and brominated parabens under simulated sunlight. These halogenated parabens underwent rapid direct photodegradation, distinguished from the negligible degradation of the parent compounds. The photodegradation rate depended on their forms and substituents. The deprotonation of halogenated parabens facilitated the direct photodegradation. Brominated parabens exhibited higher degradation efficiency than chlorinated parabens, and mono-halogenated parabens had higher degradation than di-halogenated parabens. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) for brominated parabens (0.075-0.120 min-1) were approximately 7-fold higher than those of chlorinated parabens (0.011-0.017 min-1). A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model suggested that the photodegradation was linearly correlated with the C-X bond energies, electronic and steric effects of halogen substituents. The photodegradation products were identified using QTOF-MS analyses and a degradation pathway was proposed. The yeast two-hybrid estrogenicity assay revealed that the estrogenic activities of the photoproducts were negligible. These findings are important for the removal of halogenated parabens and predictions of their fate and potential impacts in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jing Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA
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194
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Chen WL, Cheng JY, Lin XQ. Systematic screening and identification of the chlorinated transformation products of aromatic pharmaceuticals and personal care products using high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:253-263. [PMID: 29751307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an emerging concern because of the large amount of PPCPs that is discharged and its potential ecological effects on the aquatic environment. Chlorination has proven efficient for removing some aromatic PPCPs from wastewater, but the formation of by-products has not been thoroughly investigated partly because of analytical difficulties. This study developed a method for systematically screening and identifying the transformation products (TPs) of multiple aromatic PPCPs through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). We spiked an environmentally relevant concentration (5000 ng/L) of three anti-inflammatory drugs, four parabens, bisphenol A, oxybenzone, and triclosan in the Milli-Q water and water containing natural organic matter (NOM). Low-dose chlorination (0.2-0.7 mg/L) was performed. We compared the chemical profiles of the chlorinated and untreated water and selected the ions to be identified based on the results of t-test and the ratio of signal intensities. Compound matching and isotopic pattern comparison were applied to characterising the molecular formulae of TPs. The fragmentation of the PPCPs and TPs was used in elucidating the structures of the TPs. The confirmation of TPs was achieved by comparing the retention time and fragment patterns of TPs with the isomer standards. In the chlorinated water, the aromatic PPCPs were substantially removed, except for the anti-inflammatory drugs (removal rates -5.2%-26%). Even with moderate chlorine dosages, all of the aromatic PPCPs, except for acetylsalicylic acid, were transformed into chlorinated derivatives in the Milli-Q water, and so were some PPCPs in the NOM-added water. The results of structure elucidation and compound confirmation as well as the increases in log Kow suggested that chlorination could transform aromatic PPCPs into more persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic TPs. The presence of these TPs in the effluents where the PPCPs are removed through chlorination may pose increased risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Yi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
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195
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Li AJ, Kannan K. Elevated Concentrations of Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Antimicrobials in Pantyhose Collected from Six Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10812-10819. [PMID: 30137966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pantyhose, a skin-tight item of clothing made of synthetic fibers and worn by women in many countries, is a source of exposure to several endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Little is known regarding the occurrence of and dermal exposure to chemicals present in pantyhose. In this study, concentrations and profiles of 23 endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including bisphenols, benzophenones, chlorophenols, parabens, and triclocarban (TCC), were determined in 74 pantyhose samples collected from 6 countries. Pantyhose samples were analyzed by two extraction methods: complete dissolution and ultrasonic extraction. Dissolution of the fabric in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol/chloroform yielded concentrations of several target chemicals that were up to 286 times higher than in the ultrasonic extraction. Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol A (BPA) were found in 100% and 96% of the samples at median concentrations of 1430 and 14.3 ng/g, respectively. Several brands of pantyhose contained BPS, bisphenol F (BPF), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), ethyl-paraben (EtP), and TCC at concentrations of milligrams per gram. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB), and methyl- (MeP) and propyl-parabens (PrP) were found in ≥85% of the samples at median concentrations on the order of several tens to hundreds of nanograms per gram of fabric. Pantyhose made in Japan and China with 21-50% Spandex contained the highest concentrations of BPS (2.2 mg/g), BP-1 (2.4 mg/g), and EtP (88 μg/g). Calculated dermal exposure doses to BPS, BP-1, and EtP by women via pantyhose were as high as 45 900, 50 600, and 1800 picograms per kilogram of body weight per day, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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196
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Liu YY, Lin YS, Yen CH, Miaw CL, Chen TC, Wu MC, Hsieh CY. Identification, contribution, and estrogenic activity of potential EDCs in a river receiving concentrated livestock effluent in Southern Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:464-476. [PMID: 29709864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed 22 selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other emerging, potentially endocrine-active compounds with estrogenic activity from the waters of the Wuluo River, southern Taiwan. This watershed receives high amounts of livestock and untreated household wastewaters. The river is surrounded by concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). River water samples were analyzed for selected compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay, and E-screen cell proliferation in vitro bioassay. Total concentrations of ∑alkylphenolic compounds (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, t-nonylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate, nonylphenol di-ethoxylate) were much higher than ∑estrogens (estrone, 17 β-estradiol, estriol, 17ß-ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol), ∑preservatives (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben), ∑UV-filters (benzophenone, methyl benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3), ∑antimicrobials (triclocarben, triclosan, chloroxylenol), and an insect repellent (diethyltoluamide) over four seasonal sampling periods. The highest concentration was found for bisphenol A with a mean of 302 ng/L. However, its contribution to estrogenic activity was not significant due to its relatively low estrogenic potency. Lower detection rates were found for BP, EE2, TCS, and PCMX, while DES and EP were not detected. E1 and E2 levels in raw water samples were 50% higher than the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for aquatic organisms of 6 and 2 ng/L, respectively. The potency of estrogenic activity ranged from 11.7 to 190.1 ng/L E2T47D-Kbluc and 6.63 to 84.5 ng/L E2E-Screen for extracted samples. Importantly, estrone contributed 50% of the overall activity in 60% and 44% of the samples based on T47D-KBluc and MCF-7 bioassays, followed by 17 ß-estradiol, highlighting the importance of total steroid estrogen loading. This study demonstrates that the estrogenic activity of target chemicals was comparable to levels found in different countries worldwide. More intense wastewater treatment is required in areas of intensive agriculture in order to prevent adverse impacts on the ambient environment and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Siou Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Ling Miaw
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chun Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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197
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Kempińska D, Kot-Wasik A. The use of RP-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS as a powerful tool for wastewater composition profiling and selection of water pollution marker specific to wastewater contamination. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1595-1604. [PMID: 30174347 PMCID: PMC6105218 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Limited drinking water resources and water pollution are one of the main worldwide problems. To reduce the consumption of fresh water resources, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed. The farmlands have been irrigated with wastewater for centuries, but the composition of used sewage has changed over the years. Recent research has revealed the presence of hundreds of new organic contaminants in many environmental waters, including wastewaters and their receivers. For this reason, wastewater profiling and monitoring are of high importance and urgent need. In this study, the HPLC–Q-TOF–MS has been used for the profiling of wastewater composition and evaluation of the water pollution markers belonging to emerging contaminants. Three different solid-phase extraction approaches were applied to obtain the best results. Compounds such as acesulfame-K, caffeine, carbamazepine, cyclamate, ibuprofen, methyl paraben, paracetamol, or saccharin were detected in raw wastewater samples, whereas only acesulfame-K, carbamazepine, and sucralose were found in effluent samples. It seems that these particular compounds might be chosen as water pollution marker specific to Polish communal sewages. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Kempińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Kot-Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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198
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Kung TA, Lee SH, Yang TC, Wang WH. Survey of selected personal care products in surface water of coral reefs in Kenting National Park, Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1302-1307. [PMID: 29710583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Kenting National Park (KNP) located in the Hengchun Peninsula in southern Taiwan is a popular tourist spot, annually attracting millions of visitors, who engage in water sport and amusement activities. In this region, sewage is directly discharged into the marine environment. In this study, the concentrations of five organic UV filters [benzophenone (BP), 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8), and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor], five preservatives [methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben, propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben, and benzylparaben], one disinfectant [triclosan (TCS)], and twenty-four detergent derivatives [nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP2EO-NP12EO), octylphenol (OP) and octylphenol ethoxylates OP2EO-OP12EO] were detected in seawater and river water samples collected from eight beaches in KNP and two major river estuaries in the Hengchun Peninsula. BP-3 was detected at all sampling sites and was higher in concentration than the other organic UV filters. The highest concentration of BP-3 was 1233 ng/L collected from Wanlitong Beach. MeP and PrP were the main preservative components in seawater. The highest total content of preservative agents was 164 ng/L collected from Houwan Beach. Moreover, NP was detected at all sampling sites, with the highest concentration found at Sail Rock Beach (26.5 ng/L). The highest concentration of OP was 113 ng/L in the Boli River estuary. The widespread use of personal care products (PCPs) has resulted in the release of their major ingredients into natural ecosystems. Therefore, the potential long-term effects of multi-PCPs at low concentration exposure to on the coral reef ecosystem in KNP must be considered and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te An Kung
- Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shu Hui Lee
- Center of General Education, National Kaohsiung Marine University, 142, Haijhuan Road, , Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Ting Chi Yang
- Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hsien Wang
- Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
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199
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Kotzamanidi S, Frontistis Z, Binas V, Kiriakidis G, Mantzavinos D. Solar photocatalytic degradation of propyl paraben in Al-doped TiO2 suspensions. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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200
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Yoom H, Shin J, Ra J, Son H, Ryu D, Kim C, Lee Y. Transformation of methylparaben during water chlorination: Effects of bromide and dissolved organic matter on reaction kinetics and transformation pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:677-686. [PMID: 29642049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The reaction kinetics, products, and pathways of methylparaben (MeP) during water chlorination with and without bromide (Br-) were investigated to better understand the fate of parabens in chlorinated waters. During the chlorination of MeP-spiked waters without Br-, MeP was transformed into mono-Cl-MeP and di-Cl-MeP with apparent second-order rate constants (kapp) of 64M-1s-1 and 243M-1s-1 at pH7, respectively, while further chlorination of di-Cl-MeP was relatively slower (kapp=1.3M-1s-1 at pH7). With increasing Br- concentration, brominated MePs, such as mono-Br-MeP, Br-Cl-MeP, and di-Br-MeP, became major transformation products. The di-halogenated MePs (di-Cl-MeP, Br,Cl-MeP, and di-Br-MeP) showed relatively low reactivity to chlorine at pH7 (kapp=1.3-4.6M-1s-1) and bromine (kapp=32-71M-1s-1), which explains the observed high stability of di-halogenated MePs in chlorinated waters. With increasing pH from 7 to 8.5, the transformation of di-halogenated MePs was further slowed due to the decreasing reactivity of di-MePs to chlorine. The formation of the di-halogenated MePs and their further transformation become considerably faster at Br- concentrations higher than 0.5μM (40μg/L). Nonetheless, the accelerating effect of Br- diminishes in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extract (Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)) due to a more rapid consumption of bromine by DOM than chlorine. The effect of Br- on the fate of MeP was less in the tested real water matrices, possibly due to a more rapid bromine consumption by the real water DOM compared to SRHA. A kinetic model was developed based on the determined species-specific second-order rate constants for chlorination/bromination of MeP and its chlorinated and brominated MePs and the transformation pathway information, which could reasonably simulate the transformation of MePs during the chlorination of water in the presence of Br- and selected DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsik Yoom
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaedon Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Ra
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ryu
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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