151
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Balestrino R, Schapira AHV. Glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson Disease: Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscientist 2018; 24:540-559. [PMID: 29400127 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417748875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms. In the last 20 years, more than 20 genes have been identified as causes of parkinsonism. Following the observation of higher risk of PD in patients affected by Gaucher disease, a lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, it was discovered that mutations in this gene constitute the single largest risk factor for development of idiopathic PD. Patients with PD and GBA mutations are clinically indistinguishable from patients with idiopathic PD, although some characteristics emerge depending on the specific mutation, such as slightly earlier onset. The molecular mechanisms which lead to this increased PD risk in GBA mutation carriers are multiple and not yet fully elucidated, they include alpha-synuclein aggregation, lysosomal-autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, dysfunction of glucocerebrosidase has also been demonstrated in non-GBA PD, suggesting its interaction with other pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, GBA enzyme function represents an interesting pharmacological target for PD. Cell and animal models suggest that increasing GBA enzyme activity can reduce alpha-synuclein levels. Clinical trials of ambroxol, a glucocerebrosidase chaperone, are currently ongoing in PD and PD dementia, as is a trial of substrate reduction therapy. The aim of this review is to summarise the main features of GBA-PD and discuss the implications of glucocerebrosidase modulation on PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- 2 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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152
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Pihlstrøm L, Wiethoff S, Houlden H. Genetics of neurodegenerative diseases: an overview. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 145:309-323. [PMID: 28987179 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802395-2.00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are central to the etiology of neurodegeneration, both as monogenic causes of heritable disease and as modifiers of susceptibility to complex, sporadic disorders. Over the last two decades, the identification of disease genes and risk loci has led to some of the greatest advances in medicine and invaluable insights into pathogenic mechanisms and disease pathways. Large-scale research efforts, novel study designs, and advances in methodology are rapidly expanding our understanding of the genome and the genetic architecture of neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review major developments in the field to date, highlighting overarching historic trends and general insights. Monogenic neurodegenerative diseases are discussed from the perspectives of both rare Mendelian forms of common disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, and heterogeneous heritable conditions, including ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Next, we summarize the experiences from investigations of complex neurodegenerative disorders, including genomewide association studies. In the final section, we reflect upon the limitations of current findings and outline important future directions. Genetics plays an essential role in translational research, ultimately aiming to develop novel disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. We anticipate that individual genetic profiling will also be increasingly relevant in a clinical context, with implications for patient care in line with the proposed ideal of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.
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153
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Yang X, Ren H, Wood K, Li M, Qiu S, Shi FD, Ma C, Liu Q. Depletion of microglia augments the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. FASEB J 2018; 32:3336-3345. [PMID: 29401614 PMCID: PMC5956250 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700833rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The activation of microglia and the various substances they produce have been linked to the pathologic development of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the precise role of microglia in PD remains to be defined. The survival of microglia depends on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling, and CSF1R inhibition results in rapid elimination of microglia in the central nervous system. Using a mouse PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment, we showed that the depletion of microglia via the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 exacerbated the impairment of locomotor activities and the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Further, depletion of microglia augmented the production of inflammatory mediators and infiltration of leukocytes in the brain after MPTP exposure. Microglia depletion–induced aggravation of MPTP neurotoxicity was also seen in lymphocyte-deficient mice. In addition, the depletion of microglia did not affect the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but it dramatically augmented the production of inflammatory mediators by astrocytes after MPTP treatment. Our findings suggest microglia play a protective role against MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurotoxicity.—Yang, X., Ren, H., Wood, K., Li, M., Qiu, S., Shi, F.-D., Ma, C., Liu, Q. Depletion of microglia augments the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kristofer Wood
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University School of Medicine, Datong, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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154
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Barboza LA, Ghisi NC. Evaluating the current state of the art of Huntington disease research: a scientometric analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6299. [PMID: 29340519 PMCID: PMC5769753 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a dominant mutation on the 4th chromosome. We aim to present a scientometric analysis of the extant scientific undertakings devoted to better understanding HD. Therefore, a quantitative study was performed to examine the current state-of-the-art approaches that foster researchers’ understandings of the current knowledge, research trends, and research gaps regarding this disorder. We performed literature searches of articles that were published up to September 2016 in the “ISI Web of Science™” (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/). The keyword used was “Huntington disease”. Of the initial 14,036 articles that were obtained, 7732 were eligible for inclusion in the study according to their relevance. Data were classified according to language, country of publication, year, and area of concentration. The country leader regarding the number of studies published on HD is the United States, accounting for nearly 30% of all publications, followed by England and Germany, who have published 10 and 7% of all publications, respectively. Regarding the language in which the articles were written, 98% of publications were in English. The first publication to be found on HD was published in 1974. A surge of publications on HD can be seen from 1996 onward. In relation to the various knowledge areas that emerged, most publications were in the fields of neuroscience and neurology, likely because HD is a neurodegenerative disorder. Publications written in areas such as psychiatry, genetics, and molecular biology also predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Barboza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil
| | - N C Ghisi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil
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155
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Keck F, Kortchak S, Bakovic A, Roberts B, Agrawal N, Narayanan A. Direct and indirect pro-inflammatory cytokine response resulting from TC-83 infection of glial cells. Virulence 2018; 9:1403-1421. [PMID: 30101649 PMCID: PMC6141141 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1509668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a neurotropic arbovirus that is highly infectious as an aerosol and can result in an encephalitic phenotype in infected individuals. VEEV infections are known to be associated with robust inflammation that eventually contributes to neurodegenerative phenotypes. In this study, we utilize the TC-83 strain of VEEV, which is known to induce the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. We had previously demonstrated that TC-83 infection resulted in changes in mitochondrial function, eventually resulting in mitophagy. In this manuscript, we provide data that links upstream mitochondrial dysfunction with downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the context of microglia and astrocytoma cells. We also provide data on the role of bystander cells, which significantly contribute to the overall inflammatory load. Use of a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, mitoquinone mesylate, greatly reduced the inflammatory cytokine load and ameliorated bystander cell inflammatory responses more significantly than a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory compound (BAY 11-7082). Our data suggest that the inflammatory mediators, especially IL-1β, may prime naïve cells to infection and lead to increased infection rates in microglial and astrocytoma cells. Cumulatively, our data suggest that the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory events elicited in a neuronal microenvironment during a TC-83 infection may contribute to the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Keck
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Kortchak
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Allison Bakovic
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Nitin Agrawal
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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156
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Scholpa NE, Lynn MK, Corum D, Boger HA, Schnellmann RG. 5-HT 1F receptor-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:348-358. [PMID: 29057453 PMCID: PMC5758398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive decline in motor function due to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, as well as other deficits including cognitive impairment and behavioural abnormalities. Mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to loss of ATP-dependent cellular functions, calcium overload, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Using the 5-HT1F receptor agonist LY344864, a known inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of stimulating MB on dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine or saline injections and daily treatment with 2 mg·kg-1 LY344864 or vehicle for 14 days beginning 7 days post-lesion. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir) and MB were assessed in the brains of all groups following treatment, and locomotor activity was evaluated prior to lesioning, 7 days post-lesion and after treatment. KEY RESULTS Increased mitochondrial DNA content and nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded mRNA and protein expression was observed in specific brain regions of LY344864-treated naïve and lesioned mice, indicating augmented MB. LY344864 attenuated TH-ir loss in the striatum and substantia nigra compared to vehicle-treated lesioned animals. LY344864 treatment also increased locomotor activity in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned mice, while vehicle treatment had no effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data revealed that LY344864-induced MB attenuates dopaminergic neuron loss and improves behavioural endpoints in this model. We suggest that stimulating MB may be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and that the 5-HT1F receptor may be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Mary K Lynn
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Daniel Corum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care SystemTucsonAZUSA
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157
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Gao G, Jiang YW, Yang J, Wu FG. Mitochondria-targetable carbon quantum dots for differentiating cancerous cells from normal cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18368-18378. [PMID: 29143843 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (or carbon dots, CDs) with inherent mitochondrial targeting/imaging and cancerous/normal cell differentiation capabilities were prepared by a one-pot solvothermal treatment of glycerol and a silane molecule. Glycerol acted as a solvent and carbon source, and the silane molecule acted as a passivation agent. The as-prepared CDs could specifically and stably (for at least 24 h) visualize mitochondria of various types of cells without the introduction of mitochondria-targeting ligands (such as triphenylphosphonium). In addition, the CDs exhibited extraordinary features including facile synthesis, good water solubility, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability as compared to commercial mitochondrial probes. Moreover, the CDs could efficiently distinguish cancerous cells from normal cells with high fluorescence contrast due to differences in their mitochondrial membrane potentials and substance uptake efficiencies. More importantly, to the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first example of using CDs to distinguish cancerous cells from normal cells. The remarkable features of mitochondria-targeted imaging and cancerous cell recognition make the CDs an excellent fluorescent probe for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China.
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158
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Kerdiles O, Layé S, Calon F. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and brain health: Preclinical evidence for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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159
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Liu J, Wang L, Du Y, Liu S. An Important Function of Petrosiol E in Inducing the Differentiation of Neuronal Progenitors and in Protecting Them against Oxidative Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700089. [PMID: 29051854 PMCID: PMC5644239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient endogenous neurotrophin supply contributes to neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, neuronal injuries are also attributed to oxidative stress upon toxin exposure. Thus, reconstruction neurite extension and antioxidative stress are the potential strategies for ameliorating neuronal injuries. However, there is no well-defined therapeutic developed in this regard. In search of such therapeutics, Petrosiol E is identified here as a potent inducer to guide the differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Petrosiol E also considerably promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation into neural ectoderm features. Moreover, Petrosiol E reveals an antioxidant function to protect cells from oxidative stress induced by arsenic. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying Petrosiol E-induced neuronal differentiation is uncovered: (a) enhancement of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf 2) activity in driving neuronal differentiation; (b) diminishment of oxidative stress. Petrosiol E activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase and serine/threonine kinase signaling to enhance the activity of Nrf 2. As a result of enhanced Nrf 2 activity, neuronal differentiation is accelerated, and the cellular antioxidation responses are also enforced, even under arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Together, the combined results unveil a desirable role of Petrosiol E in driving neuronal differentiation and in combating oxidative stress. This study would open an avenue to develop new therapeutics based on Petrosiol compounds to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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160
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Obeso J, Stamelou M, Goetz C, Poewe W, Lang A, Weintraub D, Burn D, Halliday G, Bezard E, Przedborski S, Lehericy S, Brooks D, Rothwell J, Hallett M, DeLong M, Marras C, Tanner C, Ross G, Langston J, Klein C, Bonifati V, Jankovic J, Lozano A, Deuschl G, Bergman H, Tolosa E, Rodriguez-Violante M, Fahn S, Postuma R, Berg D, Marek K, Standaert D, Surmeier D, Olanow C, Kordower J, Calabresi P, Schapira A, Stoessl A. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1264-1310. [PMID: 28887905 PMCID: PMC5685546 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple-author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state-of-the-art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Stamelou
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital and Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C.G. Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - W. Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D. Burn
- Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G.M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Przedborski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, the Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D.J. Brooks
- Clinical Sciences Department, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.C. Rothwell
- Human Neurophysiology, Sobell Department, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M. Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M.R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C. Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C.M. Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - G.W. Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - V. Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A.M. Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G. Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E. Tolosa
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Rodriguez-Violante
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R.B. Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Berg
- Klinikfür Neurologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - D.G. Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - D.J. Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C.W. Olanow
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.H. Kordower
- Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A.J. Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Division of Neurology & Djavadf Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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161
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Budge KM, Neal ML, Richardson JR, Safadi FF. Glycoprotein NMB: an Emerging Role in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5167-5176. [PMID: 28856541 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by severe neuronal loss leading to the cognitive and physical impairments that define various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and can ultimately contribute to disease progression. Increased inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, current therapeutic options lack ability to stop or effectively slow progression of these diseases and are primarily aimed at alleviating symptoms. Thus, it is crucial to discover novel treatment candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified in a melanoma cell line. GPNMB augments bone mineral deposition by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Aside from its anabolic function in the bone, emerging evidence suggests that GPNMB has anti-inflammatory and reparative functions. GPNMB has also been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ALS, cerebral ischemia, and other disease models. Given these discoveries, GPNMB should be investigated as a potential therapeutic option for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Budge
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew L Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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Helmschrodt C, Höbel S, Schöniger S, Bauer A, Bonicelli J, Gringmuth M, Fietz SA, Aigner A, Richter A, Richter F. Polyethylenimine Nanoparticle-Mediated siRNA Delivery to Reduce α-Synuclein Expression in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:57-68. [PMID: 29246324 PMCID: PMC5602522 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies that mediate the specific knockdown of target genes by administration of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be applied for treatment of presently incurable neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. However, inefficient delivery of siRNA into neurons hampers in vivo application of RNAi. We have previously established the 4–12 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) F25-LMW with superior transfection efficacy for delivery of siRNA in vivo. Here, we present that siRNA complexed with this PEI extensively distributes across the CNS down to the lumbar spinal cord after a single intracerebroventricular infusion. siRNA against α-synuclein (SNCA), a pre-synaptic protein that aggregates in Parkinson’s disease, was complexed with PEI F25-LMW and injected into the lateral ventricle of mice overexpressing human wild-type SNCA (Thy1-aSyn mice). Five days after the single injection of 0.75 μg PEI/siRNA, SNCA mRNA expression in the striatum was reduced by 65%, accompanied by reduction of SNCA protein by ∼50%. Mice did not show signs of toxicity or adverse effects. Moreover, ependymocytes and brain parenchyma were completely preserved and free of immune cell invasion, astrogliosis, or microglial activation. Our results support the efficacy and safety of PEI nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA to the brain for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Helmschrodt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Sabrina Höbel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Sandra Schöniger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Anne Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jana Bonicelli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Marieke Gringmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Simone A Fietz
- Veterinary Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Franziska Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Neishi H, Ikawa M, Okazawa H, Tsujikawa T, Arishima H, Kikuta KI, Yoneda M. Precise Evaluation of Striatal Oxidative Stress Corrected for Severity of Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Study with 62Cu-ATSM PET and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. Eur Neurol 2017; 78:161-168. [DOI: 10.1159/000479627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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164
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Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 155:76-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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165
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Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier AN, Meedeniya ACB, Pountney DL. Calcipotriol inhibits α-synuclein aggregation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by a Calbindin-D28k-dependent mechanism. J Neurochem 2017; 141:263-274. [PMID: 28164279 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the formation of microscopically visible intracellular protein aggregates. α-Synuclein is the key aggregating protein in Parkinson's disease which is characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions. Previous studies have shown relative sparing of neurons in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies that are positive for the vitamin D-dependent calcium-buffering protein, calbindin-D28k, and that α-synuclein aggregates are excluded from calbindin-D28k-positive neurons. Recent cell culture studies have shown that α-synuclein aggregation can be induced by raised intracellular-free Ca(II) and demonstrated that raised intracellular calcium and oxidative stress can act synergistically to promote α-synuclein aggregation. We hypothesized that calcipotriol, a potent vitamin D analogue used pharmaceutically, may be able to suppress calcium-dependent α-synuclein aggregation by inducing calbindin-D28k expression. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that calcipotriol potently induced calbindin-D28k in a dose-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Calcipotriol significantly decreased the frequency of α-synuclein aggregate positive cells subjected to treatments that cause raised intracellular-free Ca(II) (potassium depolarization, KCl/H2 O2 combined treatment, and rotenone) in a dose-dependent manner and increased viability. Suppression of calbindin-D28k expression in calcipotriol-treated cells using calbindin-D28k-specific siRNA showed significantly higher α-synuclein aggregation levels, indicating that calcipotriol-mediated blocking of calcium-dependent α-synuclein aggregation was dependent on the induction of calbindin-D28k expression. These data indicate that targeting raised intraneuronal-free Ca(II) in the brain by promoting the expression of calbindin-D28k at the transcriptional level using calcipotriol could prevent α-synuclein aggregate formation and ameliorate Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian C B Meedeniya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dean L Pountney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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166
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Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P. Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:435-450. [PMID: 28592904 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1019] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression and constipation. These non-motor features appear across the spectrum of patients with PD, including individuals with genetic causes of PD. The neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological bases of non-motor abnormalities in PD remain largely undefined. Here, we discuss recent advances that have helped to establish the presence, severity and effect on the quality of life of non-motor symptoms in PD, and the neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological mechanisms involved. We also discuss the potential for the non-motor features to define a prodrome that may enable the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, King's College London, Camberwell Road, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
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167
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Subasic D, Stoeger T, Eisenring S, Matia-González AM, Imig J, Zheng X, Xiong L, Gisler P, Eberhard R, Holtackers R, Gerber AP, Pelkmans L, Hengartner MO. Post-transcriptional control of executioner caspases by RNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2213-2225. [PMID: 27798844 PMCID: PMC5088569 DOI: 10.1101/gad.285726.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Subasic et al. investigated the post-transcriptional control of caspases. The authors describe four conserved RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that sequentially repress the CED-3 caspase in distinct regions of the C. elegans germline and identify seven RBPs that regulate human caspase-3 expression and/or activation, suggesting that translational inhibition of executioner caspases by RBPs might be a general strategy used widely across the animal kingdom to control apoptosis. Caspases are key components of apoptotic pathways. Regulation of caspases occurs at several levels, including transcription, proteolytic processing, inhibition of enzymatic function, and protein degradation. In contrast, little is known about the extent of post-transcriptional control of caspases. Here, we describe four conserved RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)—PUF-8, MEX-3, GLD-1, and CGH-1—that sequentially repress the CED-3 caspase in distinct regions of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We demonstrate that GLD-1 represses ced-3 mRNA translation via two binding sites in its 3′ untranslated region (UTR), thereby ensuring a dual control of unwanted cell death: at the level of p53/CEP-1 and at the executioner caspase level. Moreover, we identified seven RBPs that regulate human caspase-3 expression and/or activation, including human PUF-8, GLD-1, and CGH-1 homologs PUM1, QKI, and DDX6. Given the presence of unusually long executioner caspase 3′ UTRs in many metazoans, translational control of executioner caspases by RBPs might be a strategy used widely across the animal kingdom to control apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deni Subasic
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stoeger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Systems Biology PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seline Eisenring
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana M Matia-González
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Imig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xue Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Gisler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Eberhard
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Holtackers
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André P Gerber
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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168
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Reduced Expression of Foxp1 as a Contributing Factor in Huntington's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6575-6587. [PMID: 28550168 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3612-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntington protein (htt). The neuropathological hallmark of HD is the loss of neurons in the striatum and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex. Foxp1 is a member of the Forkhead family of transcription factors expressed selectively in the striatum and the cortex. In the brain, three major Foxp1 isoforms are expressed: isoform-A (∼90 kDa), isoform-D (∼70 kDa), and isoform-C (∼50 kDa). We find that expression of Foxp1 isoform-A and -D is selectively reduced in the striatum and cortex of R6/2 HD mice as well as in the striatum of HD patients. Furthermore, expression of mutant htt in neurons results in the downregulation of Foxp1 Elevating expression of isoform-A or -D protects cortical neurons from death caused by the expression of mutant htt On the other hand, knockdown of Foxp1 promotes death in otherwise healthy neurons. Neuroprotection by Foxp1 is likely to be mediated by the transcriptional stimulation of the cell-cycle inhibitory protein p21Waf1/Cip1 Consistently, Foxp1 activates transcription of the p21Waf1/Cip1 gene promoter, and overexpression of Foxp1 in neurons results in the elevation of p21 expression. Moreover, knocking down of p21Waf1/Cip1 blocks the ability of Foxp1 to protect neurons from mut-Htt-induced neurotoxicity. We propose that the selective vulnerability of neurons of the striatum and cortex in HD is related to the loss of expression of Foxp1, a protein that is highly expressed in these neurons and required for their survival.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the mutant huntingtin gene is expressed widely, neurons of the striatum and cortex are selectively affected in Huntington's disease (HD). Our results suggest that this selectivity is attributable to the reduced expression of Foxp1, a protein expressed selectively in striatal and cortical neurons that plays a neuroprotective role in these cells. We show that protection by Foxp1 involves stimulation of the p21Waf1/Cip1 (Cdkn1a) gene. Although three major Foxp1 isoforms (A, C, and D) are expressed in the brain, only isoform-A has been studied in the nervous system. We show that isoform-D is also expressed selectively, neuroprotective and downregulated in HD mice and patients. Our results suggest that Foxp1 might be an attractive therapeutic target for HD.
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169
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Liu K, Yan L, Jiang X, Yu Y, Liu H, Gu T, Shi E. Acquired inhibition of microRNA-124 protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury partially through a mitophagy-dependent pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [PMID: 28623098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitophagy results in selective clearance of damaged mitochondria. We investigated whether mitophagy was involved in the neuroprotection by inhibiting microRNA (miRNA)-124 on ischemic spinal cords. METHODS Inhibition of miRNA-124 was conducted by intrathecal injection of lentivirus vectors containing antagomiR-124. Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rats by crossclamping the descending aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery for 14 minutes. Hind-limb motor function was assessed with the motor deficit index (MDI). Lumbar spinal cords were harvested for ultrastructural, histologic examinations, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining. Mitophagy was evaluated by expressions of beclin-1 and LC3-II in mitochondria. Expressions of inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 family, p53, beclin-1, LC3-II, and miRNA-124 were measured by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mitophagy was inhibited by the antagonist of 3-methyladenine. RESULTS Compared with control animals, antagomiR-124 significantly inhibited expressions of miRNA-124 (P < .01) and p53 (P < .05) and enhanced expressions of inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 family, becline-1 and LC3-II (P < .01, respectively) in spinal cords. MDI at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion were markedly lower in antagomiR-124 group (P < .01, vs control group, respectively). More motor neurons and less apoptotic cells were detected in lumbar spinal cords of antagomiR-124 group (P < .01 vs control group). Administration of 3-methyladenine completely abolished enhancements of mitochondrial becline-1 and LC3-II by antagomiR-124 (P < .01 vs antagomiR-124 group) and partially inhibited effects of antagomiR-124 on MDI, number of motor neurons, and apoptotic cells (P < .01 or < .05 vs control group and antagomiR-124 group, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miRNA-124 exerts neuroprotection on spinal cords against ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly by induction of mitophagy and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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170
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Abstract
Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca2+) is an essential element used by cells to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it plays fundamental roles during fertilization, development and adulthood. The inability of cells to regulate Ca2+ can lead to pathological conditions that ultimately culminate in cell death. One such pathological condition is manifested in Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurological disorder in humans, which is characterized by the aggregation of the protein, α-synuclein. This Review discusses current evidence that implicates Ca2+ in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which Ca2+ signaling contributes to the progression of this disease will be crucial for the development of effective therapies to combat this devastating neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Zaichick
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M McGrath
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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171
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Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors in the Brain: Current Research and Their Role in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040676. [PMID: 28441750 PMCID: PMC6154612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and excitatory A2A receptor (A2AR) are predominantly expressed in the brain. Whereas the A2AR has been implicated in normal aging and enhancing neurotoxicity in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the inhibitory A1R has traditionally been ascribed to have a neuroprotective function in various brain insults. This review provides a summary of the emerging role of prolonged A1R signaling and its potential cross-talk with A2AR in the cellular basis for increased neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. This A1R signaling enhances A2AR-mediated neurodegeneration, and provides a platform for future development of neuroprotective agents in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy.
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172
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Zhang Y, Nguyen DT, Olzomer EM, Poon GP, Cole NJ, Puvanendran A, Phillips BR, Hesselson D. Rescue of Pink1 Deficiency by Stress-Dependent Activation of Autophagy. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:471-480.e4. [PMID: 28366621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stimulating autophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Neurons are insensitive to current approaches based on mTOR inhibition for activating autophagy, and instead may rely on the Parkinson's disease-associated proteins PINK1 and PARKIN to activate the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in response to mitochondrial damage. We developed a multifactorial zebrafish drug-screening platform combining Pink1 deficiency with an environmental toxin to compromise mitochondrial function and trigger dopaminergic neuron loss. Using a phenotypic screening strategy, we identified a series of piperazine phenothiazines, including trifluoperazine, which rescued Pink1 deficiency by activating autophagy selectively in stressed zebrafish and human cells. We show that trifluoperazine acts downstream of, or parallel to, PINK1/PARKIN to stimulate transcription factor EB nuclear translocation and the expression of autophagy-lysosomal target genes. These data suggest that stress-dependent pharmacological reactivation of autophagy could prevent the loss of vulnerable neurons to slow neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David T Nguyen
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gin P Poon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anita Puvanendran
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brigitte R Phillips
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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173
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Batlle C, Iglesias V, Navarro S, Ventura S. Prion-like proteins and their computational identification in proteomes. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:335-350. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1304214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Batlle
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Iglesias
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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174
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Ameen AM, Elkazaz AY, Mohammad HMF, Barakat BM. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity of boswellic acids in rotenone parkinsonian rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:819-829. [PMID: 28249117 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the neurodegenerative changes observed in Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, there is a lack of curative treatment for this debilitating movement disorder. Boswellic acids (BAs) are pentacyclic triterpene molecules of plant origin that have been utilized for treating many inflammatory conditions. The current study was conducted to explore the protective role of BAs against rotenone-induced experimental parkinsonism. Twenty-four rats were assigned to one of four treatment groups. The first two groups were a vehicle group (no rotenone) and a rotenone control group in which rats received rotenone (1 mg/kg) every 48 h. The next 2 groups received rotenone (1 mg/kg every 48 h) plus protective oral doses of BAs (125 or 250 mg/kg daily). Rats in the rotenone group showed motor dysfunction when tested in the open-field arena and cylinder and rotarod tests. Moreover, inflammatory markers increased, whereas the dopamine level was lower in the striata of rats in the rotenone group versus those in the vehicle group. BAs taken by rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism showed enhanced general motor performance, reduced inflammatory markers, and increased striatal dopamine level and nigral tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining. In conclusion, BAs are promising agents in slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease if appropriate data become available about their safety and efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Ameen
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amany Y Elkazaz
- b Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hala M F Mohammad
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Bassant M Barakat
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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175
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Yang SY, Beavan M, Chau KY, Taanman JW, Schapira AHV. A Human Neural Crest Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neuronal Model Recapitulates Biochemical Abnormalities in GBA1 Mutation Carriers. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:728-742. [PMID: 28216145 PMCID: PMC5355624 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerically the most important risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the presence of mutations in the glucocerebrosidase GBA1 gene. In vitro and in vivo studies show that GBA1 mutations reduce glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity and are associated with increased α-synuclein levels, reflecting similar changes seen in idiopathic PD brain. We have developed a neural crest stem cell-derived dopaminergic neuronal model that recapitulates biochemical abnormalities in GBA1 mutation-associated PD. Cells showed reduced GCase protein and activity, impaired macroautophagy, and increased α-synuclein levels. Advantages of this approach include easy access to stem cells, no requirement to reprogram, and retention of the intact host genome. Treatment with a GCase chaperone increased GCase protein levels and activity, rescued the autophagic defects, and decreased α-synuclein levels. These results provide the basis for further investigation of GCase chaperones or similar drugs to slow the progression of PD. A neuronal model recapitulates biochemical abnormalities in GBA1 mutation PD Ambroxol rescued the autophagic defects in human GBA1 mutant neuronal cells Ambroxol decreased α-synuclein levels human GBA1 mutant neuronal cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Michelle Beavan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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176
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Li HN, Zimmerman M, Milledge GZ, Hou XL, Cheng J, Wang ZH, Li PA. Water-Soluble Coenzyme Q10 Reduces Rotenone-Induced Mitochondrial Fission. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1096-1103. [PMID: 28190227 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. It is usually accompanied by an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and changes in mitochondrial morphology that are associated with impaired function. The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of rotenone, a drug known to mimic the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, on mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, this study explored the protective effects of water-soluble Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in murine neuronal HT22 cells. Our results demonstrate that rotenone elevates protein expression of mitochondrial fission markers, Drp1 and Fis1, and causes an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation as evidenced through mitochondrial staining and morphological analysis. Water-soluble CoQ10 prevented mitochondrial dynamic imbalance by reducing Drp1 and Fis1 protein expression to pre-rotenone levels, as well as reducing rotenone treatment-associated mitochondrial fragmentation. Hence, water-soluble CoQ10 may have therapeutic potential in treating patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Mary Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Gaolin Z Milledge
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Hou
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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177
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Su R, Sun M, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhen J, Qian Y, Zheng Y, Wang X. A Novel Immunosuppressor, (5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide, Alleviates Movement Disorder and Neuroinflammation in a 6-OHDA Hemiparkinsonian Rat Model. Aging Dis 2017; 8:31-43. [PMID: 28203480 PMCID: PMC5287386 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Promising therapies for PD still need to be explored. Immune dysfunction has been found to be involved in PD pathogenesis. Here, a novel immunosuppressor, (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT8), was used to treat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced hemiparkinson rats. We found that oral administration of LLDT8 significantly alleviated apomorphine-induced rotations at a dose of 125 µg/kg, and improved performance in cylinder and rotarod tests at a lower dose of 31.25 µg/kg, in 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rats. Moreover, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the 6-OHDA rat was attenuated in response to LLDT8 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were significantly inhibited in LLDT8-treated hemiparkisonian rats, compared with vehicle. Notably, the level of dopamine (DA) in the striatum of PD rats was restored by LLDT8 treatment. Furthermore, we also detected that the disequilibrium of peripheral lymphocytes was reversed by LLDT8 administration. Taken together, the results imply that the immunosuppressor, LLDT8, can rescue dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rats, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Yanjing Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Physiology,
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, and
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing100069, China.
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178
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Sharma SK, Priya S. Expanding role of molecular chaperones in regulating α-synuclein misfolding; implications in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:617-629. [PMID: 27522545 PMCID: PMC11107554 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding under stressful environmental conditions cause several cellular problems owing to the disturbed cellular protein homeostasis, which may further lead to neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyloid lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease (HD). The presence of cellular defense mechanisms like molecular chaperones and proteasomal degradation systems prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Molecular chaperones plays primary role in preventing protein misfolding by mediating proper native folding, unfolding and refolding of the polypeptides along with vast number of cellular functions. In past few years, the understanding of molecular chaperone mechanisms has been expanded enormously although implementation to prevent protein aggregation diseases is still deficient. We in this review evaluated major classes of molecular chaperones and their mechanisms relevant for preventing protein aggregation, specific case of α-synuclein aggregation. We also evaluate the molecular chaperone function as a novel therapeutic approach and the chaperone inhibitors or activators as small molecular drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sharma
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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179
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Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Multifunctional Agents Targeting Free Radicals, Monoamine Oxidase B and Cholinesterase in Parkinson's Disease Model. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:498-510. [PMID: 28144826 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial pathologies, including progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme activity. There are currently only a few agents approved to ameliorate the symptoms of PD; however, no agent is able to reverse the progression of the disease. Due to the multifactorial pathologies, it is necessary to develop multifunctional agents that can affect more than one target involved in the disease pathology. We have designed and synthesized a series of new multifunctional anti-Parkinson's compounds which can protect cerebral granular neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) insult, scavenge free radicals, and inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO)/cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Among them, MT-20R exhibited the most potent MAO-B inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. We further investigated the neuroprotective effects of MT-20R using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. In vivo, MT-20R alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits, raised the striatal contents of dopamine and its metabolites, and restored the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the number of TH-positive DA neurons in the substantia nigra. Additionally, MT-20R enhanced the expression of Bcl-2, decreased the expression of Bax and Caspase 3, and activated the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MT-20R may be a novel therapeutic candidate for treatment of PD.
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180
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Niu S, Zhang LK, Zhang L, Zhuang S, Zhan X, Chen WY, Du S, Yin L, You R, Li CH, Guan YQ. Inhibition by Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles Loaded with Alpha-Synuclein RNAi Plasmid in a Parkinson's Disease Model. Theranostics 2017; 7:344-356. [PMID: 28042339 PMCID: PMC5197069 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies are considered as the main pathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). The major component of Lewy bodies is α-synuclein (α-syn). The use of gene therapy that targeting and effectively interfere with the expression of α-syn in neurons has received tremendous attention. In this study, we used magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid molecules as a nano-carrier. N-isopropylacrylamide derivative (NIPAm-AA) was photo-immobilized onto the oleic acid molecules, and shRNA (short hairpin RNA) was absorbed. The same method was used to absorb nerve growth factor (NGF) to NIPAm-AA to specifically promote neuronal uptake via NGF receptor-mediated endocytosis. Additionally, shRNA plasmid could be released into neurons because of the temperature and pH sensitivity of NIPAm-AA interference with α-syn synthesis. We investigated apoptosis in neurons with abrogated α-syn expression in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that multifunctional superparamagnetic nanoparticles carrying shRNA for α-syn could provide effective repair in a PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Niu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ling-Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Siyi Zhuang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiuyu Zhan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wu-Ya Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shiwei Du
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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181
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Ross CA, Kronenbuerger M, Duan W, Margolis RL. Mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Huntington disease: applications to novel disease-modifying therapies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 144:15-28. [PMID: 28947113 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801893-4.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The CAG repeat expansion mutation that causes Huntington Disease (HD) was discovered more than 20 years ago, yet no treatment has yet been developed to stop the relentless course of the disease. Nonetheless, substantial progress has been made in understanding HD pathogenesis. We review insights that have been gleaned from HD genetics, metabolism, and pathology; HD mouse and cell models; the structure, function and post-translational modification of normal and mutant huntingtin (htt) protein; gene expression profiles in HD cells and tissue; the neurotoxicy of mutant htt RNA; and the expression of an antisense transcript from the HD locus. We conclude that rationale therapeutics for HD is within sight, though many questions remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Martin Kronenbuerger
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Translational Neurobiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Translational Neurobiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology and Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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182
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Dong J, Cui Y, Li S, Le W. Current Pharmaceutical Treatments and Alternative Therapies of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:339-55. [PMID: 26585523 PMCID: PMC4876590 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151120123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, pharmaceutical treatments, particularly dopaminergic (DAergic) drugs have been considered as the main therapy against motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is proposed that DAergic drugs in combination with other medications, such as monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, anticholinergics and other newly developed non-DAergic drugs can make a better control of motor symptoms or alleviate levodopa-induced motor complications. Moreover, non-motor symptoms of PD, such as cognitive, neuropsychiatric, sleep, autonomic and sensory disturbances caused by intrinsic PD pathology or drug-induced side effects, are gaining increasing attention and urgently need to be taken care of due to their impact on quality of life. Currently, neuroprotective therapies have been investigated extensively in pre-clinical studies, and some of them have been subjected to clinical trials. Furthermore, non-pharmaceutical treatments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), gene therapy, cell replacement therapy and some complementary managements, such as Tai chi, Yoga, traditional herbs and molecular targeted therapies have also been considered as effective alternative therapies to classical pharmaceutics. This review will provide us updated information regarding the current drugs and non-drugs therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weidong Le
- Neurology and Director of Center for Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China.
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183
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Wang N, Jin X, Guo D, Tong G, Zhu X. Iron Chelation Nanoparticles with Delayed Saturation as an Effective Therapy for Parkinson Disease. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:461-474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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184
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Filograna R, Beltramini M, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M. Anti-Oxidants in Parkinson's Disease Therapy: A Critical Point of View. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:260-71. [PMID: 26517052 PMCID: PMC4857623 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666151030102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological syndrome, which is characterized
by the preferential death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the Substantia Nigra. The
pathogenesis of this disorder remains poorly understood and PD is still incurable. Current drug
treatments are aimed primarily for the treatment of symptoms to improve the quality of life.
Therefore, there is a need to find out new therapeutic strategies that not only provide symptomatic
relief but also halt or reverse the neuronal damage hampering PD progression. Oxidative stress has
been identified as one of the major contributors for the nigral loss in both sporadic and genetic forms
of PD. In this review we first evaluate the current literature that links oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to
PD. We then consider the results obtained through the treatment of animal models or PD patients with molecules that
prevent oxidative stress or reduce mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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185
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Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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186
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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187
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Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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188
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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189
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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190
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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191
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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192
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Maekawa T, Sasaoka T, Azuma S, Ichikawa T, Melrose HL, Farrer MJ, Obata F. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) regulates α-synuclein clearance in microglia. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:77. [PMID: 27903237 PMCID: PMC5131420 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Synuclein (αSYN) has been genetically implicated in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), and is associated with disease susceptibility, progression and pathology. Excess amounts of αSYN are toxic to neurons. In the brain, microglial αSYN clearance is closely related to neuronal survival. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the one of the other genes implicated in familial and sporadic PD. While LRRK2 is known to be expressed in microglia, its true function remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated αSYN clearance by microglia isolated from LRRK2-knockout (KO) mice. RESULTS In LRRK2-KO microglia, αSYN was taken up in larger amounts and cleared from the supernatant more effectively than for microglia isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. This higher clearance ability of LRRK2-KO microglia was thought to be due to an increase of Rab5-positive endosomes, but not Rab7- or Rab11-positive endosomes. Increased engagement between Rab5 and dynamin 1 was also observed in LRRK2-KO microglia. CONCLUSION LRRK2 negatively regulates the clearance of αSYN accompanied by down-regulation of the endocytosis pathway. Our findings reveal a new functional role of LRRK2 in microglia and offer a new insight into the mechanism of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Maekawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Azuma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Heather L Melrose
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fumiya Obata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,R & D Center for Cell Design, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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193
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Intranasal Cerebrolysin Attenuates Learning and Memory Impairments in D-galactose-Induced Senescence in Mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:16-22. [PMID: 27894939 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are currently being considered as pro-cognitive therapeutic approaches for management of cognitive deficits. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intranasal (i.n.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Cerebrolysin (CBL) (as a mixture of neurotrophic factors) on the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and memory as well as learning impairment in mice. For this purpose, CBL (1, 2.5, 5 ml/kg/i.p.) or (1 ml/kg/i.n.), were administrated daily in d-galactose-received (100 mg/kg/subcutaneous (s.c.)) mice model of aging for eight weeks. Spatial and recognition memories were assessed by the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks. Brain and blood of animals were analysed for oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Apoptosis rate in the hippocampus was evaluated by TUNEL staining of brain tissue. 5 ml/kg/i.p. dose of CBL increased the locomotor activity but, 1 ml/kg/i.p. dose didn't show detectable behavioural or molecular effects on aged mice. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. and 1 ml/kg/i.n. doses attenuated d-galactose-impaired spatial and recognition memories. Results showed an obvious increase in the antioxidant biomarkers and decrease in the malondialdehyde levels both in the blood and brain of aged mice in 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. dose, and only in the brain in 1 ml/kg/i.n. dose of CBL. Anti-apoptotic effects also were seen in the same dose/rout of CBL administration in aged animals. This study proves the usefulness of i.n. CBL administration as a non-invasive and efficient method of drug delivery to the brain to improve aging-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and learning as well as memory impairment.
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194
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:105. [PMID: 27846841 PMCID: PMC5111260 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2 DS) are a specific high-risk group for developing schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Several genes in the deleted region have been implicated in the development of SZ, e.g., PRODH and DGCR8. However, the mechanistic connection between these genes and the neuropsychiatric phenotype remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular consequences of 22q11.2 deletion in early neural development, we carried out RNA-seq analysis to investigate gene expression in early differentiating human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of 22q11.2 DS SZ and SAD patients. METHODS Eight cases (ten iPSC-neuron samples in total including duplicate clones) and seven controls (nine in total including duplicate clones) were subjected to RNA sequencing. Using a systems level analysis, differentially expressed genes/gene-modules and pathway of interests were identified. Lastly, we related our findings from in vitro neuronal cultures to brain development by mapping differentially expressed genes to BrainSpan transcriptomes. RESULTS We observed ~2-fold reduction in expression of almost all genes in the 22q11.2 region in SZ (37 genes reached p-value < 0.05, 36 of which reached a false discovery rate < 0.05). Outside of the deleted region, 745 genes showed significant differences in expression between SZ and control neurons (p < 0.05). Function enrichment and network analysis of the differentially expressed genes uncovered converging evidence on abnormal expression in key functional pathways, such as apoptosis, cell cycle and survival, and MAPK signaling in the SZ and SAD samples. By leveraging transcriptome profiles of normal human brain tissues across human development into adulthood, we showed that the differentially expressed genes converge on a sub-network mediated by CDC45 and the cell cycle, which would be disrupted by the 22q11.2 deletion during embryonic brain development, and another sub-network modulated by PRODH, which could contribute to disruption of brain function during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided evidence for disruption of potential molecular events in SZ patient with 22q11.2 deletion and related our findings from in vitro neuronal cultures to functional perturbations that can occur during brain development in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Benjamin R. Puliafito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Stephanie R. Gilbert
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
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195
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Singh S, Srivastava A, Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Pandey A, Kumar D, Rajpurohit CS. Advances in Stem Cell Research- A Ray of Hope in Better Diagnosis and Prognosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:72. [PMID: 27878120 PMCID: PMC5099954 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders have been a global health issue affecting the aging population worldwide. Recent advances in stem cell biology have changed the current face of neurodegenerative disease modeling, diagnosis, and transplantation therapeutics. Stem cells also serve the purpose of a simple in-vitro tool for screening therapeutic drugs and chemicals. We present the application of stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the field of neurodegeneration and address the issues of diagnosis, modeling, and therapeutic transplantation strategies for the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. We have discussed the progress made in the last decade and have largely focused on the various applications of stem cells in the neurodegenerative research arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripriya Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Akriti Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Yogesh K. Dhuriya
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Dipak Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Chetan S. Rajpurohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
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Karlsson M, Ehinger JK, Piel S, Sjövall F, Henriksnäs J, Höglund U, Hansson MJ, Elmér E. Changes in energy metabolism due to acute rotenone-induced mitochondrial complex I dysfunction – An in vivo large animal model. Mitochondrion 2016; 31:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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197
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Horvath S, Ritz BR. Increased epigenetic age and granulocyte counts in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1130-42. [PMID: 26655927 PMCID: PMC4712337 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been a long standing hypothesis that blood tissue of PD Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may exhibit signs of accelerated aging. Here we use DNA methylation based biomarkers of aging (“epigenetic clock”) to assess the aging rate of blood in two ethnically distinct case-control data sets. Using n=508 Caucasian and n=84 Hispanic blood samples, we assess a) the intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration of blood (IEAA), which is independent of blood cell counts, and b) the extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration rate of blood (EEAA) which is associated with age dependent changes in blood cell counts. Blood of PD subjects exhibits increased age acceleration according to both IEAA (p=0.019) and EEAA (p=6.1×10−3). We find striking differences in imputed blood cell counts between PD cases and controls. Compared to control subjects, PD subjects contains more granulocytes (p=1.0×10−9 in Caucasians, p=0.00066 in Hispanics) but fewer T helper cells (p=1.4×10−6 in Caucasians, p=0.0024 in Hispanics) and fewer B cells (p=1.6×10−5 in Caucasians, p=4.5×10−5 in Hispanics). Overall, this study shows that the epigenetic age of the immune system is significantly increased in PD patients and that granulocytes play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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198
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Modulation of Molecular Chaperones in Huntington’s Disease and Other Polyglutamine Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5829-5854. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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199
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Bhadra AK, Das E, Roy I. Protein aggregation activates erratic stress response in dietary restricted yeast cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33433. [PMID: 27633120 PMCID: PMC5025734 DOI: 10.1038/srep33433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and prolonged activation of defence pathways have deleterious consequences for the cell. Dietary restriction is believed to be beneficial as it induces the cellular stress response machinery. We report here that although the phenomenon is beneficial in a wild-type cell, dietary restriction leads to an inconsistent response in a cell that is already under proteotoxicity-induced stress. Using a yeast model of Huntington's disease, we show that contrary to expectation, aggregation of mutant huntingtin is exacerbated and activation of the unfolded protein response pathway is dampened under dietary restriction. Global proteomic analysis shows that when exposed to a single stress, either protein aggregation or dietary restriction, the expression of foldases like peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, is strongly upregulated. However, under combinatorial stress, this lead is lost, which results in enhanced protein aggregation and reduced cell survival. Successful designing of aggregation-targeted therapeutics will need to take additional stressors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Kumar Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Eshita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
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Zheng J, Chen L, Schwake M, Silverman RB, Krainc D. Design and Synthesis of Potent Quinazolines as Selective β-Glucocerebrosidase Modulators. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8508-20. [PMID: 27598312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher's disease is a common genetic disease caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene that have been also linked to increased risk of Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Stabilization of misfolded mutant β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) represents an important therapeutic strategy in synucleinopathies. Here we report a novel class of GCase quinazoline inhibitors, obtained in a high throughput screening, with moderate potency against wild-type GCase. Rational design and a SAR study of this class of compounds led to a new series of quinazoline derivatives with single-digit nanomolar potency. These compounds were shown to selectively stabilize GCase when compared to other lysosomal enzymes and to increase N370S mutant GCase protein concentration and activity in cell assays. To the best of our knowledge, these molecules are the most potent noniminosugar GCase modulators to date that may prove useful for future mechanistic studies and therapeutic approaches in Gaucher's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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