151
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D'Mello SR, Cruz CN, Chen ML, Kapoor M, Lee SL, Tyner KM. The evolving landscape of drug products containing nanomaterials in the United States. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:523-529. [PMID: 28436961 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) within the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is tracking the use of nanotechnology in drug products by building and interrogating a technical profile of products containing nanomaterials submitted to CDER. In this Analysis, data from more than 350 products show an increase in the submissions of drug products containing nanomaterials over the last two decades. Of these, 65% are investigational new drugs, 17% are new drug applications and 18% are abbreviated new drug applications, with the largest class of products being liposomal formulations intended for cancer treatments. Approximately 80% of products have average particle sizes of 300 nm or lower. This analysis identifies several trends in the development of drug products containing nanomaterials, including the relative rate of approvals of these products, and provides a comprehensive overview on the landscape of nanotechnology application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal R D'Mello
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Celia N Cruz
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Mamta Kapoor
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Sau L Lee
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Katherine M Tyner
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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152
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Díaz SA, Sen S, Boeneman Gemmill K, Brown CW, Oh E, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Breger JC, Lasarte Aragonés G, Field LD, Deschamps JR, Král P, Medintz IL. Elucidating Surface Ligand-Dependent Kinetic Enhancement of Proteolytic Activity at Surface-Modified Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5884-5896. [PMID: 28603969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combining biomolecules such as enzymes with nanoparticles has much to offer for creating next generation synergistically functional bionanomaterials. However, almost nothing is known about how these two disparate components interact at this critical biomolecular-materials interface to give rise to improved activity and emergent properties. Here we examine how the nanoparticle surface can influence and increase localized enzyme activity using a designer experimental system consisting of trypsin proteolysis acting on peptide-substrates displayed around semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). To minimize the complexity of analyzing this system, only the chemical nature of the QD surface functionalizing ligands were modified. This was accomplished by synthesizing a series of QD ligands that were either positively or negatively charged, zwitterionic, neutral, and with differing lengths. The QDs were then assembled with different ratios of dye-labeled peptide substrates and exposed to trypsin giving rise to progress curves that were monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The resulting trypsin activity profiles were analyzed in the context of detailed molecular dynamics simulations of key interactions occurring at this interface. Overall, we find that a combination of factors can give rise to a localized activity that was 35-fold higher than comparable freely diffusing enzyme-substrate interactions. Contributing factors include the peptide substrate being prominently displayed extending from the QD surface and not sterically hindered by the longer surface ligands in conjunction with the presence of electrostatic and other productive attractive forces between the enzyme and the QD surface. An intimate understanding of such critical interactions at this interface can produce a set of guidelines that will allow the rational design of next generation high-activity bionanocomposites and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education , Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | | | | | - Carl W Brown
- College of Science George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc. , Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc. , Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lauren D Field
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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153
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Garcia-Cortes M, Sotelo González E, Fernández-Argüelles MT, Encinar JR, Costa-Fernández JM, Sanz-Medel A. Capping of Mn-Doped ZnS Quantum Dots with DHLA for Their Stabilization in Aqueous Media: Determination of the Nanoparticle Number Concentration and Surface Ligand Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6333-6341. [PMID: 28555495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Mn2+-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized, surface modified, and thoroughly characterized using a pool of complementary techniques. Cap exchange of the native l-cysteine coating of the QDs with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) ligands is proposed as a strategy to produce nanocrystals with a strong phosphorescent-type emission and improved aqueous stability. Moreover, such a stable DHLA coating can facilitate further bioconjugation of these QDs to biomolecules using established reagents such as cross-linker molecules. First, a structural and morphological characterization of the l-cysteine QD core was performed by resorting to complementary techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and microscopy tools. XRD patterns provided information about the local structure of ions within the nanocrystal structure and the number of metal atoms constituting the core of a QD. The judicious combination of the data obtained from these complementary characterization tools with the analysis of the QDs using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allowed us to assess the number concentration of nanoparticles in an aqueous sample, a key parameter when such materials are going to be used in bioanalytical or toxicological studies. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled online to ICP-MS detection proved to be an invaluable tool to compute the number of DHLA molecules attached to the surface of a single QD, a key feature that is difficult to estimate in nanoparticles and that critically affects the behavior of nanoparticles when entering the biological media (e.g., cellular uptake, biodistribution, or protein corona formation). This hybrid technique also allowed us to demonstrate that the elemental composition of the nanoparticle core remains unaffected after the ligand exchange process. Finally, the photostability and robustness of the DHLA-capped QDs, critical parameters for bioanalytical applications, were assessed by molecular luminescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Cortes
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo , Avda. Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emma Sotelo González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo , Avda. Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María T Fernández-Argüelles
- Life Sciences Department, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ruiz Encinar
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo , Avda. Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo , Avda. Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sanz-Medel
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo , Avda. Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
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154
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Crucho CIC, Barros MT. Polymeric nanoparticles: A study on the preparation variables and characterization methods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:771-784. [PMID: 28866227 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of Nanotechnology in the past decades, the development and design of nanomaterials has become an important field of research. An emerging component in this field is nanomedicine, wherein nanoscale materials are being developed for use as imaging agents or for drug delivery applications. Much work is currently focused in the preparation of well-defined nanomaterials in terms of size and shape. These factors play a significantly role in the nanomaterial behavior in vivo. In this context, this review focuses on the toolbox of available methods for the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles. We highlight some recent examples from the literature that demonstrate the influence of the preparation method on the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles. Additionally, in the second part, the characterization methods for this type of nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I C Crucho
- CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Barros
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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155
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Pelaz B, Alexiou C, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Alves F, Andrews AM, Ashraf S, Balogh LP, Ballerini L, Bestetti A, Brendel C, Bosi S, Carril M, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cui D, Du J, Dullin C, Escudero A, Feliu N, Gao M, George M, Gogotsi Y, Grünweller A, Gu Z, Halas NJ, Hampp N, Hartmann RK, Hersam MC, Hunziker P, Jian J, Jiang X, Jungebluth P, Kadhiresan P, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kopeček J, Kotov NA, Krug HF, Lee DS, Lehr CM, Leong KW, Liang XJ, Ling Lim M, Liz-Marzán LM, Ma X, Macchiarini P, Meng H, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nie S, Nordlander P, Okano T, Oliveira J, Park TH, Penner RM, Prato M, Puntes V, Rotello VM, Samarakoon A, Schaak RE, Shen Y, Sjöqvist S, Skirtach AG, Soliman MG, Stevens MM, Sung HW, Tang BZ, Tietze R, Udugama BN, VanEpps JS, Weil T, Weiss PS, Willner I, Wu Y, Yang L, Yue Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang XE, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Parak WJ. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2313-2381. [PMID: 28290206 PMCID: PMC5371978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lajos P. Balogh
- AA Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Consultants, North Andover, Massachusetts 01845, United States
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bestetti
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 639798
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine,
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronical
Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alberto Escudero
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry,
and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- University Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- CLINAM,
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Jian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- EMPA, Federal Institute for Materials
Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmhotz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Huan Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital
Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud G. Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials,
Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan,
ROC 300
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buddhisha N. Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhao Yue
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,
CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
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156
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Kim HA, Lee BT, Na SY, Kim KW, Ranville JF, Kim SO, Jo E, Eom IC. Characterization of silver nanoparticle aggregates using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:468-475. [PMID: 28039830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the aggregates of AgNPs. was applied to characterize the aggregates of AgNPs. Two sizes of citrate-AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs were used at relatively high and predicted environmental concentrations under various ionic strengths. Citrate-AgNP aggregated with increases in the ionic strength, whereas PVP-AgNPs were sterically stable. The critical coagulation concentrations were 85 mM and 100 mM NaNO3 for 60 nm and 100 nm citrate-AgNPs at 2 mg L-1 as total Ag obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS). At 2 mg L-1 as total Ag, the mass of an aggregate gradually increased with increasing ionic strength for both citrate-AgNP during spICP-MS analyses. The average number of single particles derived from the mass in an aggregate was calculated to be 8.68 and 5.95 for 60 nm and 100 nm citrate-AgNPs at 85 mM and 100 mM NaNO3, respectively after 2 h. The mass fractal dimensions were determined to be 2.97 and 2.83, further implying that the aggregate structures were very rigid and compact. Only marginal increases in the average mass and number of single particles in the aggregate units were found during 24 h under environmentally relevant AgNP concentrations. The average number of single particles constituting an aggregate unit for 60 nm and 100 nm citrate-AgNPs was 1.24 and 1.37 after 24 h at a high ionic strength. These results indicate that under environmentally relevant conditions, the collision frequency is predominant in the aggregation and that NPs are likely to encounter natural colloids such as clay and organic matter to form hetero-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Tae Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Na
- School of Earth and Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - James F Ranville
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Soon-Oh Kim
- Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jo
- Division of Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Division of Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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157
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Zhang D, Gökce B, Barcikowski S. Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3990-4103. [PMID: 28191931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials, thereby enabling the fabrication of bioconjugates and heterogeneous catalysts. Accurate size control of LSPC-synthesized materials ranging from quantum dots to submicrometer spheres and recent upscaling advancement toward the multiple-gram scale are helpful for extending the applicability of LSPC-synthesized nanomaterials to various fields. By discussing key reports on both the fundamentals and the applications related to laser ablation, fragmentation, and melting in liquids, this Article presents a timely and critical review of this emerging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Zhang
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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158
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Fornaguera C, Solans C. Methods for the In Vitro Characterization of Nanomedicines-Biological Component Interaction. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7010002. [PMID: 28134833 PMCID: PMC5374392 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of colloidal nanosystems intended for biomedical applications, specifically in the field of personalized medicine, has increased notably in the last years. Consequently, a variety of characterization techniques devoted to studying nanomedicine interactions with proteins and cells have been developed, since a deep characterization of nanosystems is required before starting preclinical and clinical studies. In this context, this review aims to summarize the main techniques used to assess the interaction of nanomedicines with biological systems, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Testing designed nanomaterials with these techniques is required in order to have more information about their behavior on a physiological environment. Moreover, techniques used to study the interaction of nanomedicines with proteins, such as albumin and fibrinogen, are summarized. These interactions are not desired, since they usually are the first signal to the body for the activation of the immune system, which leads to the clearance of the exogenous components. On the other hand, techniques for studying the cell toxicity of nanosystems are also summarized, since this information is required before starting preclinical steps. The translation of knowledge from novel designed nanosystems at a research laboratory scale to real human therapies is usually a limiting or even a final point due to the lack of systematic studies regarding these two aspects: nanoparticle interaction with biological components and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this review will be a useful support for those scientists aiming to develop nanosystems for nanomedicine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) and Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
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159
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Lee SH, Sato Y, Hyodo M, Harashima H. Topology of Surface Ligands on Liposomes: Characterization Based on the Terms, Incorporation Ratio, Surface Anchor Density, and Reaction Yield. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1983-1994. [PMID: 27904040 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface topology of ligands on liposomes is an important factor in active targeting in drug delivery systems. Accurately evaluating the density of anchors and bioactive functional ligands on a liposomal surface is critical for ensuring the efficient delivery of liposomes. For evaluating surface ligand density, it is necessary to clarify that on the ligand-modified liposomal surfaces, some anchors are attached to ligands but some are not. To distinguish between these situations, a key parameter, surface anchor density, was introduced to specify amount of total anchors on the liposomal surface. Second, the parameter reaction yield was introduced to identify the amount of ligand-attached anchors among total anchors, since the conjugation efficiency is not always the same nor 100%. Combining these independent parameters, we derived: incorporation ratio=surface anchor density×reaction yield. The term incorporation ratio defines the surface ligand density. Since the surface anchor density represents the density of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surfaces in most cases, it also determines liposomal function. It is possible to accurately characterize various PEG and ligand densities and to define the surface topologies. In conclusion, this quantitative methodology can standardize the liposome preparation process and qualify the modified liposomal surfaces.
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160
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161
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Characterization of phthalocyanine functionalized quantum dots by dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler, and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1707-1715. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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162
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Complex analysis of concentrated antibody-gold nanoparticle conjugates’ mixtures using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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163
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Colangelo E, Comenge J, Paramelle D, Volk M, Chen Q, Lévy R. Characterizing Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:11-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colangelo
- Institute
of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Comenge
- Institute
of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Paramelle
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Martin Volk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Surface
Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Abercromby Square, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Qiubo Chen
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, Singapore 138632
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Institute
of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
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164
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Borišev M, Borišev I, Župunski M, Arsenov D, Pajević S, Ćurčić Ž, Vasin J, Djordjevic A. Drought Impact Is Alleviated in Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) by Foliar Application of Fullerenol Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166248. [PMID: 27832171 PMCID: PMC5104475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant efforts have been made to decrease the effects of drought stress on plant productivity and quality. We propose that fullerenol nanoparticles (FNPs, molecular formula C60(OH)24) may help alleviate drought stress by serving as an additional intercellular water supply. Specifically, FNPs are able to penetrate plant leaf and root tissues, where they bind water in various cell compartments. This hydroscopic activity suggests that FNPs could be beneficial in plants. The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of FNPs on sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress. Our results indicate that intracellular water metabolism can be modified by foliar application of FNPs in drought exposed plants. Drought stress induced a significant increase in the compatible osmolyte proline in both the leaves and roots of control plants, but not in FNP treated plants. These results indicate that FNPs could act as intracellular binders of water, creating an additional water reserve, and enabling adaptation to drought stress. Moreover, analysis of plant antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, APx and GPx), MDA and GSH content indicate that fullerenol foliar application could have some beneficial effect on alleviating oxidative effects of drought stress, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles applied. Although further studies are necessary to elucidate the biochemical impact of FNPs on plants; the present results could directly impact agricultural practice, where available water supplies are often a limiting factor in plant bioproductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Borišev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Župunski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Arsenov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Pajević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živko Ćurčić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovica Vasin
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
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165
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Recent developments in lanthanide-to-quantum dot FRET using time-gated fluorescence detection and photon upconversion. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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166
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Liu F, Ma C, Gao Y, McClements DJ. Food-Grade Covalent Complexes and Their Application as Nutraceutical Delivery Systems: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 16:76-95. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
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167
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Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1534. [PMID: 27649147 PMCID: PMC5037809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1153] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology radically changed the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases in all aspects of human life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. AgNPs play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. Although several noble metals have been used for various purposes, AgNPs have been focused on potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using physical, chemical, and biological methods. We also discuss the properties of AgNPs and methods for their characterization. More importantly, we extensively discuss the multifunctional bio-applications of AgNPs; for example, as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer agents, and the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of AgNPs. In addition, we discuss therapeutic approaches and challenges for cancer therapy using AgNPs. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspective of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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168
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Weichelt R, Leubner S, Henning-Knechtel A, Mertig M, Gaponik N, Schmidt TL, Eychmüller A. Methods to Characterize the Oligonucleotide Functionalization of Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4763-4771. [PMID: 27409730 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, DNA nanotechnology offers the most programmable, scalable, and accurate route for the self-assembly of matter with nanometer precision into 1, 2, or 3D structures. One example is DNA origami that is well suited to serve as a molecularly defined "breadboard", and thus, to organize various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles into hybrid systems. Since the controlled assembly of quantum dots (QDs) is of high interest in the field of photonics and other optoelectronic applications, a more detailed view on the functionalization of QDs with oligonucleotides shall be achieved. In this work, four different methods are presented to characterize the functionalization of thiol-capped cadmium telluride QDs with oligonucleotides and for the precise quantification of the number of oligonucleotides bound to the QD surface. This study enables applications requiring the self-assembly of semiconductor-oligonucleotide hybrid materials and proves the conjugation success in a simple and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weichelt
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Leubner
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Henning-Knechtel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Kurt-Schwabe-Institute e.V. Meinsberg, Kurt-Schwabe-Str. 4, 04736, Waldheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten-Lars Schmidt
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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169
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Arcila-Lozano LS, Ríos-Corripio MA, García-Pérez BE, Jaramillo-Flores ME, González CA, Rocha-Gracia RC, Gracia-Jiménez JM, Rojas-López M. Fluorescent Bioconjugate Based on Gold Nanoparticles for the Determination of Staphylococcus aureus. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. E. García-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-Depto. de Inmunología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M. E. Jaramillo-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-Depto. de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C. A. González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. C. Rocha-Gracia
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J. M. Gracia-Jiménez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Física, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M. Rojas-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, México
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170
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Interesting developments at the nanoparticle–protein interface: implications for next generation drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:513-6. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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171
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Attia YA, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Blanco MC, Buceta D, López-Quintela MA. Gold nanorod synthesis catalysed by Au clusters. Faraday Discuss 2016; 191:205-213. [PMID: 27424869 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have been successfully synthesized by the seed mediated method using Au clusters. This synthesis does not require silver ions to obtain large amounts of Au nanorods and has good control over their aspect ratio. Au clusters are produced with the same recipe as for Au seeds, but using shorter reaction times. This very simple scheme confirms the important catalytic influence of clusters in the anisotropic growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Attia
- Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas & Facultade de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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172
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Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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173
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Dennis AM, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Emerging Physicochemical Phenomena along with New Opportunities at the Biomolecular-Nanoparticle Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2139-50. [PMID: 27219278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to create new nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrids for diverse applications including biosensing, theranostics, drug delivery, and even biocomputation continue to grow at an unprecedented rate. As the composite designs become more sophisticated, new and unanticipated physicochemical phenomena are emerging at the nanomaterial-biological interface. These phenomena arise from two interrelated factors, namely, the novel architecture of nanoparticle bioconjugates and the unique physicochemical properties of their interfacial environment. Here we examine how the augmented functionality imparted by such hybrid structures, including accessing concentric energy transfer, enhanced enzymatic activity, and sensitivity to electric fields, is leading to new applications. We discuss some lesser-understood phenomena that arise at the nanoparticle interface, such as the complex and confounding issue of protein corona formation, along with their unexpected benefits. Overall, understanding these complex phenomena will improve the design of composite materials while uncovering new opportunities for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue, Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue, Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
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174
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Hlaváček A, Farka Z, Hübner M, Horňáková V, Němeček D, Niessner R, Skládal P, Knopp D, Gorris HH. Competitive Upconversion-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Diclofenac. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6011-7. [PMID: 27167775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) emit light of shorter wavelength under near-infrared excitation and thus avoid optical background interference. We have exploited this unique photophysical feature to establish a sensitive competitive immunoassay for the detection of the pharmaceutical micropollutant diclofenac (DCF) in water. The so-called upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay (ULISA) was critically dependent on the design of the upconversion luminescent detection label. Silica-coated UCNPs (50 nm in diameter) exposing carboxyl groups on the surface were conjugated to a secondary anti-IgG antibody. We investigated the structure and monodispersity of the nanoconjugates in detail. Using a highly affine anti-DCF primary antibody, the optimized ULISA reached a detection limit of 0.05 ng DCF per mL. This performance came close to a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) without the need for an enzyme-mediated signal amplification step. The ULISA was further employed for analyzing drinking and surface water samples. The results were consistent with a conventional ELISA as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry AS CR, v. v. i. , Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hübner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Horňáková
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Němeček
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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175
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Antoniou AI, Pepe DA, Aiello D, Siciliano C, Athanassopoulos CM. Chemoselective Protection of Glutathione in the Preparation of Bioconjugates: The Case of Trypanothione Disulfide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4353-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia I. Antoniou
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissia A. Pepe
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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176
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Use of compositional and combinatorial nanomaterial libraries for biological studies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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177
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Quevedo PD, Behnke T, Resch-Genger U. Streptavidin conjugation and quantification-a method evaluation for nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4133-49. [PMID: 27038055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the development of validated protocols for protein conjugation of nanomaterials and the determination of protein labeling densities, we systematically assessed the conjugation of the model protein streptavidin (SAv) to 100-, 500-, and 1000-nm-sized polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and dye-encoded polymer particles with two established conjugation chemistries, based upon achievable coupling efficiencies and labeling densities. Bioconjugation reactions compared included EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry for direct binding of the SAv to carboxyl groups at the particle surface and maleimide-thiol chemistry in conjunction with heterobifunctional PEG linkers and aminated nanoparticles (NPs). Quantification of the total and functional amounts of SAv on these nanomaterials and unreacted SAv in solution was performed with the BCA assay and the biotin-FITC (BF) titration, relying on different signal generation principles, which are thus prone to different interferences. Our results revealed a clear influence of the conjugation chemistry on the amount of NP crosslinking, yet under optimized reaction conditions, EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry and the attachment via heterobifunctional PEG linkers led to comparably efficient SAv coupling and good labeling densities. Particle size can obviously affect protein labeling densities and particularly protein functionality, especially for larger particles. For unstained nanoparticles, direct bioconjugation seems to be the most efficient strategy, whereas for dye-encoded nanoparticles, PEG linkers are to be favored for the prevention of dye-protein interactions which can affect protein functionality specifically in the case of direct SAv binding. Moreover, an influence of particle size on achievable protein labeling densities and protein functionality could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Darío Quevedo
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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178
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Matczuk M, Legat J, Timerbaev AR, Jarosz M. A sensitive and versatile method for characterization of protein-mediated transformations of quantum dots. Analyst 2016; 141:2574-80. [PMID: 27032066 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and application of an analytical system consisting of capillary electrophoresis (CE) interfaced with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for sensitive and high-resolution characterization of quantum dots (QDs) interacting with serum proteins. Separation resolution between the intact CdSeS/ZnS QDs and their protein conjugates was optimized by varying the type and concentration of background electrolyte, applied voltage, and sample loading. Special attention was paid to the CE system compatibility with physiological conditions, avoiding aggregation effects, and analyte recovery. Optimization trials allowed for acquiring satisfactory stability of migration times (within 6.0% between different days), peak area precision of 5.2-8.0%, capillary recoveries in the range of 90-96%, and a lower limit of detection of 7.5 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) Cd. With the developed method distinct metal-specific profiles were obtained for the QDs in combination with individual serum proteins, their mixtures, and in human serum. Particularly, it was found that albumin binding to the particle surface is completed after 1 h, without noticeable disruption of the core-shell integrity. The transferrin adsorption is accompanied by the removal of the ZnS shell, resulting in evolving two different metal-protein conjugated forms. On the other hand, proteinization in real-serum environment occurs without binding to major transport proteins, the QDs also lose their the shell (the higher the dose the longer is the time they stay unbroken). The concomitant changes in migration behavior can be attributed to interactions with serum proteins other than albumin and transferrin. Speciation information provided by CE-ICP-MS may shed light on the mechanism of QD delivery to the target regions of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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179
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DNA Nanotechnology Mediated Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates and Their Applications in Biomedicine. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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180
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Alonso MC, Trapiella-Alfonso L, Fernández JMC, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Functionalized gold nanoclusters as fluorescent labels for immunoassays: Application to human serum immunoglobulin E determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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181
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Sedlmeier A, Hlaváček A, Birner L, Mickert MJ, Muhr V, Hirsch T, Corstjens PLAM, Tanke HJ, Soukka T, Gorris HH. Highly Sensitive Laser Scanning of Photon-Upconverting Nanoparticles on a Macroscopic Scale. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1835-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sedlmeier
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Central
European Institute of Technology
(CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Birner
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena Muhr
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul L. A. M. Corstjens
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Tanke
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department
of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- und Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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182
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Alric C, Aubrey N, Allard-Vannier É, di Tommaso A, Blondy T, Dimier-Poisson I, Chourpa I, Hervé-Aubert K. Covalent conjugation of cysteine-engineered scFv to PEGylated magnetic nanoprobes for immunotargeting of breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientation- and site-directed covalent conjugation of cysteine-engineered scFv to PEGylated SPIONs allows antigen recognition while preserving colloidal properties of nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Alric
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- EA6295 ‘Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes’
- F 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- UMR1282 INRA ‘Infectiologie et Santé Publique’
- F 37000 Tours
- France
| | - Émilie Allard-Vannier
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- EA6295 ‘Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes’
- F 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Anne di Tommaso
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- UMR1282 INRA ‘Infectiologie et Santé Publique’
- F 37000 Tours
- France
| | - Thibaut Blondy
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- EA6295 ‘Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes’
- F 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- UMR1282 INRA ‘Infectiologie et Santé Publique’
- F 37000 Tours
- France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- EA6295 ‘Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes’
- F 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Katel Hervé-Aubert
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- EA6295 ‘Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes’
- F 37200 Tours
- France
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183
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Guisasola E, Baeza A, Talelli M, Arcos D, Vallet-Regí M. Design of thermoresponsive polymeric gates with opposite controlled release behaviors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles were coated with an engineered thermoresponsive co-polymer. The release profile can be tuned by a different grafting density and structure of the polymer with the same transition temperature (42 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guisasola
- Depto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Madrid
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Depto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Madrid
| | - Marina Talelli
- Depto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Daniel Arcos
- Depto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Madrid
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Depto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Madrid
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184
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Othman A, Karimi A, Andreescu S. Functional nanostructures for enzyme based biosensors: properties, fabrication and applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7178-7203. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A review describing functional nanostructures for portable and printable enzyme biosensors. Specific physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles used as carriers and sensing components and their assembly are discussed with an overview of current and emerging techniques enabling large scale roll-to-roll fabrication and miniaturization. Their integration in flexible, wearable and inexpensive point-of-use devices, and implementation challenges are also provided with examples of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Othman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Anahita Karimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
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185
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Alele N, Streubel R, Gamrad L, Barcikowski S, Ulbricht M. Ultrafiltration membrane-based purification of bioconjugated gold nanoparticle dispersions. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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186
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Alele N, Ulbricht M. Membrane-based purification of proteins from nanoparticle dispersions: Influences of membrane type and ultrafiltration conditions. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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187
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Kim S, Wark AW, Lee HJ. Gel electrophoretic analysis of differently shaped interacting and non-interacting bioconjugated nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23948j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis is demonstrated for monitoring bioaffinity interactions between protein-functionalized nanoparticles featuring different shapes as well as for particle separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu-city
- Republic of Korea
| | - Alastair W. Wark
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu-city
- Republic of Korea
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188
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Li YR, Liu Q, Hong Z, Wang HF. Magnetic Separation-Assistant Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Inhibition for Highly Sensitive Probing of Nucleolin. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12183-9. [PMID: 26558409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
For the widely used "off-on" fluorescence (or phosphorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET or PRET) system, the separation of donors and acceptors species was vital for enhancing the sensitivity. To date, separation of free donors from FRET/PRET inhibition systems was somewhat not convenient, whereas separation of the target-induced far-between acceptors has hardly been reported yet. We presented here a novel magnetic separation-assistant fluorescence resonance energy transfer (MS-FRET) inhibition strategy for highly sensitive detection of nucleolin using Cy5.5-AS1411 as the donor and Fe3O4-polypyrrole core-shell (Fe3O4@PPY) nanoparticles as the NIR quenching acceptor. Due to hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking of AS1411 and PPY, Cy5.5-AS1411 was bound onto the surface of Fe3O4@PPY, resulting in 90% of fluorescence quenching of Cy5.5-AS1411. Owing to the much stronger specific interaction of AS1411 and nucleolin, the presence of nucleolin could take Cy5.5-AS1411 apart from Fe3O4@PPY and restore the fluorescence of Cy5.5-AS1411. The superparamagnetism of Fe3O4@PPY enabled all separations and fluorescence measurements complete in the same quartz cell, and thus allowed the convenient but accurate comparison of the sensitivity and fluorescence recovery in the cases of separation or nonseparation. Compared to nonseparation FRET inhibition, the separation of free Cy5.5-AS1411 from Cy5.5-AS1411-Fe3O4@PPY solution (the first magnetic separation, MS-1) had as high as 25-fold enhancement of the sensitivity, whereas further separation of the nucleolin-inducing far-between Fe3O4@PPY from the FRET inhibition solution (the second magnetic separation, MS-2) could further enhance the sensitivity to 35-fold. Finally, the MS-FRET inhibition assay displayed the linear range of 0.625-27.5 μg L(-1) (8.1-359 pM) and detection limit of 0.04 μg L(-1) (0.05 pM) of nucleolin. The fluorescence intensity recovery (the percentage ratio of the final restoring fluorescence intensity to the quenched fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5-AS1411 solution by 0.09 g L(-1) Fe3O4@PPY) was enhanced from 36% (for nonseparation) to 56% (for two magnetic separations). This is the first accurate evaluation for the effect of separating donor/acceptor species on the FRET inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ran Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - He-Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 30071, China
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189
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Ennen F, Fenner P, Boye S, Lederer A, Komber H, Voit B, Appelhans D. Sphere-Like Protein–Glycopolymer Nanostructures Tailored by Polyassociation. Biomacromolecules 2015; 17:32-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franka Ennen
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Fenner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschunng Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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190
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Varenne F, Botton J, Merlet C, Vachon JJ, Geiger S, Infante IC, Chehimi MM, Vauthier C. Standardization and validation of a protocol of zeta potential measurements by electrophoretic light scattering for nanomaterial characterization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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191
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Emerging therapeutic delivery capabilities and challenges utilizing enzyme/protein packaged bacterial vesicles. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:873-87. [PMID: 26228777 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics are poised to play a critical role in treating disease. These complex multifunctional drug delivery vehicles provide for the passive and active targeted delivery of numerous small molecule, peptide and protein-derived pharmaceuticals. This article will first discuss some of the current state of the art nanoparticle classes (dendrimers, lipid-based, polymeric and inorganic), highlighting benefits/drawbacks associated with their implementation. We will then discuss an emerging class of nanoparticle therapeutics, bacterial outer membrane vesicles, that can provide many of the nanoparticle benefits while simplifying assembly. Through molecular biology techniques; outer membrane vesicle hijacking potentially allows for stringent control over nanoparticle production allowing for targeted protein packaged nanoparticles to be fully synthesized by bacteria.
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192
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Oszwałdowski S, Kubáň P. Capillary electrophoresis study on segment/segment system for segments based on phase of mixed micelles and its role in transport of particles between the two segments. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1412:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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193
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Breger JC, Ancona MG, Walper SA, Oh E, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Deschamps JR, Medintz IL. Understanding How Nanoparticle Attachment Enhances Phosphotriesterase Kinetic Efficiency. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8491-503. [PMID: 26230391 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As a specific example of the enhancement of enzymatic activity that can be induced by nanoparticles, we investigate the hydrolysis of the organophosphate paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (PTE) when the latter is displayed on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). PTE conjugation to QDs underwent extensive characterization including structural simulations, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and dynamic light scattering to confirm orientational and ratiometric control over enzyme display which appears to be necessary for enhancement. PTE hydrolytic activity was then examined when attached to ca. 4 and 9 nm diameter QDs in comparison to controls of freely diffusing enzyme alone. The results confirm that the activity of the QD conjugates significantly exceeded that of freely diffusing PTE in both initial rate (∼4-fold) and enzymatic efficiency (∼2-fold). To probe kinetic acceleration, various modified assays including those with increased temperature, presence of a competitive inhibitor, and increased viscosity were undertaken to measure the activation energy and dissociation rates. Cumulatively, the data indicate that the higher activity is due to an acceleration in enzyme-product dissociation that is presumably driven by the markedly different microenvironment of the PTE-QD bioconjugate's hydration layer. This report highlights how a specific change in an enzymatic mechanism can be both identified and directly linked to its enhanced activity when displayed on a nanoparticle. Moreover, the generality of the mechanism suggests that it could well be responsible for other examples of nanoparticle-enhanced catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Breger
- American Society for Engineering Education , Washington, DC 20036, United States
| | | | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc. 7230 Lee DeForest Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc. 7230 Lee DeForest Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
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194
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Hussain SM, Warheit DB, Ng SP, Comfort KK, Grabinski CM, Braydich-Stolle LK. At the Crossroads of Nanotoxicologyin vitro: Past Achievements and Current Challenges. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:5-16. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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195
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Adam V, Loyaux-Lawniczak S, Quaranta G. Characterization of engineered TiO₂ nanomaterials in a life cycle and risk assessments perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11175-92. [PMID: 25994264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
For the last 10 years, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have raised interest to industrials due to their properties. They are present in a large variety of products from cosmetics to building materials through food additives, and their value on the market was estimated to reach $3 trillion in 2014 (Technology Strategy Board 2009). TiO2 NMs represent the second most important part of ENMs production worldwide (550-5500 t/year). However, a gap of knowledge remains regarding the fate and the effects of these, and consequently, impact and risk assessments are challenging. This is due to difficulties in not only characterizing NMs but also in selecting the NM properties which could contribute most to ecotoxicity and human toxicity. Characterizing NMs should thus rely on various analytical techniques in order to evaluate several properties and to crosscheck the results. The aims of this review are to understand the fate and effects of TiO2 NMs in water, sediment, and soil and to determine which of their properties need to be characterized, to assess the analytical techniques available for their characterization, and to discuss the integration of specific properties in the Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment calculations. This study underlines the need to take into account nano-specific properties in the modeling of their fate and effects. Among them, crystallinity, size, aggregation state, surface area, and particle number are most significant. This highlights the need for adapting ecotoxicological studies to NP-specific properties via new methods of measurement and new metrics for ecotoxicity thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Adam
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg/EOST/UDS, 1, rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France,
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196
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Jeong B, Akter R, Choi JS, Rahman MA. Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Thrombin Aptamer Sensor Based on the Synergistic Effect of Doping/Depositing Gold Nanoparticles in Polydopamine Film. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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197
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Attia YA, Buceta D, Requejo FG, Giovanetti LJ, López-Quintela MA. Photostability of gold nanoparticles with different shapes: the role of Ag clusters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11273-9. [PMID: 26068070 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01887k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic gold nanostructures prepared by the seed method in the presence of Ag ions have been used to study their photostability to low-power UV irradiation (254 nm) at room temperature. It has been observed that, whereas spheres are very stable to photoirradiation, rods and prisms suffer from photocorrosion and finally dissolve completely with the production of Au(III) ions. Interpretation of these differences is based on the presence of semiconductor-like Ag clusters, adsorbed onto rods and prisms, able to photocorrode the Au nanoparticles, which are absent in the case of Au spheres. We further show direct evidence of the presence of Ag clusters in Au nanorods by XANES. These results confirm a previous hypothesis (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 1182-1185) about the major influence of very stable small Ag clusters, not only on the anisotropic formation of nanostructures but also on their photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Attia
- Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Nanotecnología, Technological Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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198
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Itoh N, Santa T, Kato M. Rapid evaluation of the quantity of drugs encapsulated within nanoparticles by high-performance liquid chromatography in a monolithic silica column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6429-34. [PMID: 26072211 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug-containing nanoparticles, the foundation of nanomedicine, provide promise for the safe and effective delivery of drugs to their targets. In this study, we developed a simple method to determine the relative quantities of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs by HPLC using a commercially available monolithic silica column. Amphotericin B- and irinotecan-containing nanoparticles produced nearly simultaneous elution peaks (~7 min), suggesting that elution was largely driven by hydrodynamic effects and was relatively unaffected by differences in the encapsulated drug. A good correlation was observed between the intensity of the nanoparticle peak and the relative quantity of encapsulated drug. We used our method to characterize the effects of drug quantity and nanoparticle size on drug encapsulation rates within the nanoparticles. Encapsulation increased with increasing quantities of the drug in the preparation solution. This effect was greater for irinotecan than for amphotericin B. Although absolute encapsulation also increased with increasing nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency decreased. Thus, the monolith column is suitable for evaluating nanomedicine quality and may be used to evaluate many kinds of nanomaterials. Graphical Abstract Evaluation method of quantity of drug encapsulated within nanoparticles was developed. The method can be applicable for a rapid quality assurance of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and GPLLI Program, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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199
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Yan N, Zhu Z, Jin L, Guo W, Gan Y, Hu S. Quantitative Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles by Coupling Thin Layer Chromatography with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6079-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Lanlan Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Wei Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School
of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
- Faculty
of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
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200
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Field LD, Delehanty JB, Chen Y, Medintz IL. Peptides for specifically targeting nanoparticles to cellular organelles: quo vadis? Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1380-90. [PMID: 25853734 DOI: 10.1021/ar500449v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interfacing of nanomaterials and especially nanoparticles within all aspects of biological research continues to grow at a nearly unabated pace with projected applications focusing on powerful new tools for cellular labeling, imaging, and sensing, theranostic materials, and drug delivery. At the most fundamental level, many of these nanoparticles are meant to target not only very specific cell-types, regardless of whether they are in a culture, tissue, an animal model, or ultimately a patient, but also in many cases a specific subcellular organelle. During this process, these materials will undergo a complex journey that must first find the target cell of interest, then be taken up by those cells across the extracellular membrane, and ultimately localize to a desired subcellular organelle, which may include the nucleus, plasma membrane, endolysosomal system, mitochondria, cytosol, or endoplasmic reticulum. To accomplish these complex tasks in the correct sequence, researchers are increasingly interested in selecting for and exploiting targeting peptides that can impart the requisite capabilities to a given nanoparticle construct. There are also a number of related criteria that need careful consideration for this undertaking centering on the nature and properties of the peptide vector itself, the peptide-nanoparticle conjugate characteristics, and the target cell. Here, we highlight some important issues and key research areas related to this burgeoning field. We begin by providing a brief overview of some criteria for optimal attachment of peptides to nanoparticles, the predominant methods by which nanoparticles enter cells, and some of the peptide sequences that have been utilized to facilitate nanoparticle delivery to cells focusing on those that engender the initial targeting and uptake. Because almost all materials delivered to cells by peptides utilize the endosomal system of vesicular transport and in many cases remain sequestered within the vesicles, we critically evaluate the issue of endosomal escape in the context of some recently reported successes in this regard. Following from this, peptides that have been reported to deliver nanoparticles to specific subcellular compartments are examined with a focus on what they delivered and the putative mechanisms by which they were able to accomplish this. The last section focuses on two areas that are critical to realizing this overall approach in the long term. The first is how to select for peptidyl sequences capable of improved or more specific cellular or subcellular targeting based upon principles commonly associated with drug discovery. The second looks at what has been done to create modular peptides that incorporate multiple desirable functionalities within a single, contiguous sequence. This provides a viable alternative to either the almost insurmountable challenge of finding one sequence capable of all functions or, alternatively, attaching different peptides with different functionalities to the same nanoparticle in different ratios when trying to orchestrate their net effects. Finally, we conclude with a brief perspective on the future evolution and broader impact of this growing area of bionanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Field
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering,
Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2330 Kim Engineering Building, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - James B. Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering,
Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - YungChia Chen
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering,
Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- American Society for Engineering Education Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering,
Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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