151
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Lentini NA, Hsiao CHC, Crull GB, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Synthesis and Bioactivity of the Alanyl Phosphonamidate Stereoisomers Derived from a Butyrophilin Ligand. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1284-1289. [PMID: 31531198 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryloxy phosphonamidate derivatives of a butyrophilin 3A1 ligand are stimulants of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. However, when bonded to an aryl ester and an amine, the phosphorus is stereogenic, and past compounds were studied as racemates. To determine the impact of stereochemistry on the activity, we now have prepared phosphonate derivatives of l- and d-alanine ethyl ester, separated the diastereomers, and evaluated their biological activity as single stereoisomers. The results demonstrate that phosphonamidates substituted with l-alanine stimulate Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells at lower concentrations than the racemic glycine counterpart, while those derived from d-alanine require higher concentrations. All four diastereomers are more active than charged phosphoantigens such as HMBPP. Surprisingly, only a 2-fold difference was observed between the l-alanine phosphorus isomers, with the R P isomer more potent. This suggests that the small phosphoantigen scaffold reduces but does not eliminate dependence upon phosphorus stereochemistry for cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Lentini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - George B. Crull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, United States
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152
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Xiang DF, Bigley AN, Desormeaux E, Narindoshvili T, Raushel FM. Enzyme-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Precursors to Antiviral Prodrugs. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3204-3211. [PMID: 31268686 PMCID: PMC6822272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are among the most common medications given for the treatment of viral infections and cancers. The therapeutic effectiveness of nucleoside analogues can be dramatically improved by phosphorylation. The ProTide approach was developed using a phosphorylated nucleoside that is masked by esterification with an amino acid and phenol forming a chiral phosphorus center. The biological activity of the ProTides depends, in part, on the stereochemistry at phosphorus, and thus, it is imperative that efficient methods be developed for the chemical synthesis and isolation of diastereomerically pure ProTides. Chiral ProTides are often synthesized by direct displacement of a labile phenol (p-nitrophenol or pentafluorophenol) from a chiral phosphoramidate precursor with the appropriate nucleoside analogue. The ability to produce these chiral products is dictated by the synthesis of the chiral phosphoramidate precursors. The enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) from Pseudomonas diminuta is well-known for its high stereoselectivity and broad substrate profile. Screening PTE variants from enzyme evolution libraries enabled the identification of variants of PTE that can stereoselectively hydrolyze the chiral phosphoramidate precursors. The variant G60A-PTE exhibits a 165-fold preference for hydrolysis of the RP isomer, while the variant In1W-PTE has a 1400-fold preference for hydrolysis of the SP isomer. Using these mutants of PTE, the SP and RP isomers were isolated on a preparative scale with no detectable contamination of the opposite isomer. Combining the simplicity of the enzymatic resolution of the precursor with the latest synthetic strategy will facilitate the production of diastereometrically pure nucleotide phosphoramidate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Feng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Andrew N Bigley
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Emily Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Tamari Narindoshvili
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Frank M Raushel
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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153
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Heidel KM, Dowd CS. Phosphonate prodrugs: an overview and recent advances. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1625-1643. [PMID: 31469328 PMCID: PMC6722485 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphonates, often used as isosteric replacements for phosphates, can provide important interactions with an enzyme. Due to their high charge at physiological pH, however, permeation into cells can be a challenge. Protecting phosphonates as prodrugs has shown promise in drug delivery. Thus, a variety of structures and cleavage/activation mechanisms exist, enabling release of the active compound. This review describes the structural diversity of these pro-moieties, relevant cleavage mechanisms and recent advances in the design of phosphonate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Heidel
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Cynthia S Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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154
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Zandi K, Bassit L, Amblard F, Cox BD, Hassandarvish P, Moghaddam E, Yueh A, Libanio Rodrigues GO, Passos I, Costa VV, AbuBakar S, Zhou L, Kohler J, Teixeira MM, Schinazi RF. Nucleoside Analogs with Selective Antiviral Activity against Dengue Fever and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00397-19. [PMID: 31061163 PMCID: PMC6591611 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00397-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are important arthropod-borne viruses from the Flaviviridae family. DENV is a global public health problem with significant social and economic impacts, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. JEV is a neurotropic arbovirus endemic to east and southeast Asia. There are no U.S. FDA-approved antiviral drugs available to treat or to prevent DENV and JEV infections, leaving nearly one-third of the world's population at risk for infection. Therefore, it is crucial to discover potent antiviral agents against these viruses. Nucleoside analogs, as a class, are widely used for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, we discovered nucleoside analogs that possess potent and selective anti-JEV and anti-DENV activities across all serotypes in cell-based assay systems. Both viruses were susceptible to sugar-substituted 2'-C-methyl analogs with either cytosine or 7-deaza-7-fluoro-adenine nucleobases. Mouse studies confirmed the anti-DENV activity of these nucleoside analogs. Molecular models were assembled for DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) and JEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase replication complexes bound to nucleotide inhibitors. These models show similarities between JEV and DENV-2, which recognize the same nucleotide inhibitors. Collectively, our findings provide promising compounds and a structural rationale for the development of direct-acting antiviral agents with dual activity against JEV and DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bryan D Cox
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ehsan Moghaddam
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Yueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Gisele Olinto Libanio Rodrigues
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ingredy Passos
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian V Costa
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Longhu Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Kohler
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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155
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Yoon JS, Kim G, Jarhad DB, Kim HR, Shin YS, Qu S, Sahu PK, Kim HO, Lee HW, Wang SB, Kong YJ, Chang TS, Ogando NS, Kovacikova K, Snijder EJ, Posthuma CC, van Hemert MJ, Jeong LS. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-RNA Virus Activity of 6'-Fluorinated-Aristeromycin Analogues. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6346-6362. [PMID: 31244113 PMCID: PMC7075649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 6'-fluorinated aristeromycins were designed as dual-target antiviral compounds aimed at inhibiting both the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the host cell S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, which would indirectly target capping of viral RNA. The introduction of a fluorine at the 6'-position enhanced the inhibition of SAH hydrolase and the activity against RNA viruses. The adenosine and N6-methyladenosine analogues 2a-e showed potent inhibition against SAH hydrolase, while only the adenosine derivatives 2a-c exhibited potent antiviral activity against all tested RNA viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, chikungunya virus, and/or Zika virus. 6',6'-Difluoroaristeromycin (2c) showed the strongest antiviral effect for MERS-CoV, with a ∼2.5 log reduction in infectious progeny titer in viral load reduction assay. The phosphoramidate prodrug 3a also demonstrated potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity, possibly by inhibiting the viral RdRp. This study shows that 6'-fluorinated aristeromycins can serve as starting points for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents that target RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seong Yoon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Gyudong Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757 , Korea
| | - Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Young-Sup Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Shuhao Qu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea.,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy , Zhengzhou , 450046 , China
| | | | - Hea Ok Kim
- Future Medicine Co., Ltd. , Seoul 06665 , Korea
| | | | - Su Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Kong
- College of Pharmacy , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea.,College of Pharmacy , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
| | - Natacha S Ogando
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2 , 2333ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kovacikova
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2 , 2333ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Snijder
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2 , 2333ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Clara C Posthuma
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2 , 2333ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2 , 2333ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742 , Korea
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156
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Dousson CB. Current and future use of nucleo(s)tide prodrugs in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Antivir Chem Chemother 2019; 26:2040206618756430. [PMID: 29463095 PMCID: PMC5890546 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618756430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the current state of discovery of past most important nucleoside and nucleotide prodrugs in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection as well as future potential drugs currently in discovery or clinical evaluation. I highlight first generation landmark prodrug compounds which have been the foundations of incremental improvements toward the discovery and approval milestone of Sofosbuvir. Sofosbuvir is the first nucleotide prodrug marketed for hepatitis C virus treatment and the backbone of current combination therapies. Since this approval, new nucleotide prodrugs using the same design of Sofosbuvir McGuigan prodrug have emerged, some of them progressing through advanced clinical trials and may become available as new incremental alternative hepatitis C virus treatments in the future. Although since Sofosbuvir success, only minimal design efforts have been invested in finding better liver targeted prodrugs, a few novel prodrugs are being studied and their different modes of activation may prove beneficial over the heart/liver targeting ratio to reduce potential drug–drug interaction in combination therapies and yield safer treatment to patients. Prodrugs have long been avoided as much as possible in the past by development teams due to their metabolism and kinetic characterization complexity, but with their current success in hepatitis C virus treatment, and the knowledge gained in this endeavor, should become a first choice in future tissue targeting drug discovery programs beyond the particular case of nucleos(t)ide analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril B Dousson
- Idenix, an MSD Company-Medicinal Chemistry Cap Gamma, Montpellier, France
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157
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Aboushady M, Alwassief A, Abdelrazik M, Ziada D, Shahba H, Elmestikawy A, Elbahrawy A. Retreatment of Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Not Responding to Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Dual Therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:539-546. [PMID: 31173550 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of different Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based antiviral regimens available in Egypt in the treatment of Pegylated interferon/Ribavirin (PEG-INF/RBV)-experienced chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Two hundred fifty-eight patients experienced with PEG-INF/RBV, and 1,283 naive patients were included in the study. The patients received one of the following 3 regimens for 12 weeks; PEG-INF/SOF, Simeprevir/SOF (SIM/SOF), and Daclatasvir/SOF (DCV/SOF). The endpoint was a sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after the end of the treatment. SVR12, treatment failure, and relapse were assessed. Moreover, predictors of SVR12 were analyzed. The mean age of treatment-experienced and treatment-naive patients was 51.11 ± 5.84 years and 50.04 ± 5.97 years, respectively. Treatment-experienced patients included 132 (51.16%) males and 126 (48.83%) females. Treatment-naive patients included 709 (55.26%) males and 574 (44.73%) females. The SVR12, treatment failure and treatment relapse rates in treatment-experienced versus treatment-naive patients were 91.1% versus 96.8%, 0.8% versus 0.9%, and 8.9% versus 2.7%, respectively. The SIM/SOF regimen provoked a ubiquitous high SVR12 in both treatment-experienced and -naive patients. A SIM/SOF regimen provokes the highest SVR12 in PEG-INF/RBV-experienced chronic HCV patients. Retreatment with PEG-INF/SOF in PEG-INF/RBV-experienced chronic HCV patients has a high probability of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Alwassief
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelrazik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh Liver Research Center, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Dina Ziada
- Deartment of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shahba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elmestikawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Elbahrawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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158
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Netzler NE, Enosi Tuipulotu D, Vasudevan SG, Mackenzie JM, White PA. Antiviral Candidates for Treating Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00003-19. [PMID: 30885901 PMCID: PMC6535575 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00003-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes significant morbidity and mortality each year. Despite this burden, there are no specific antivirals available to treat HEV patients, and the only licensed vaccine is not available outside China. Ribavirin and alpha interferon are used to treat chronic HEV infections; however, severe side effects and treatment failure are commonly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential antivirals for further development to combat HEV infection. We selected 16 compounds from the nucleoside and nonnucleoside antiviral classes that range in developmental status from late preclinical to FDA approved and evaluated them as potential antivirals for HEV infection, using genotype 1 replicon luminescence studies and replicon RNA quantification. Two potent inhibitors of HEV replication included NITD008 (half-maximal effective concentration [EC50], 0.03 μM; half-maximal cytotoxic concentration [CC50], >100 μM) and GPC-N114 (EC50, 1.07 μM, CC50, >100 μM), and both drugs reduced replicon RNA levels in cell culture (>50% reduction with either 10 μM GPC-N114 or 2.50 μM NITD008). Furthermore, GPC-N114 and NITD008 were synergistic in combinational treatment (combination index, 0.4) against HEV replication, allowing for dose reduction indices of 20.42 and 8.82 at 50% inhibition, respectively. Sofosbuvir has previously exhibited mixed results against HEV as an antiviral, both in vitro and in a few clinical applications; however, in this study it was effective against the HEV genotype 1 replicon (EC50, 1.97 μM; CC50, >100 μM) and reduced replicon RNA levels (47.2% reduction at 10 μM). Together these studies indicate drug repurposing may be a promising pathway for development of antivirals against HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Netzler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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159
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Ao W, Ma X, Lin Y, Wang X, Song W, Wang Q, Zhang X, Xu H, Zhang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of deuterated sofosbuvir analogs as HCV NS5B inhibitors with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:215-229. [PMID: 30827031 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of deuterated sofosbuvir analogs were designed and prepared with the aim of improving their pharmacokinetic properties. The devised synthetic routes allow for site-selective deuterium incorporation with high levels of isotopic purity. As expected, the deuterated analogs (37-44) are as efficacious as sofosbuvir when tested in vitro inhibition of viral replication (replicon) assays. Compared with sofosbuvir, deuterated analog 40 displays improved in vivo pharmacokinetics profiles in rats and dogs in terms of the metabolite and the prodrug. The Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) of 40 in dogs were increased by 3.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively. Due to the enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and the great synthetic advantage of an inexpensive deuterium source (D2 O) for 40, it was chosen for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwei Ao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Youping Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
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160
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Yuan C, Chen K, Eastgate M. Synthesis of 2′-Methyl-6-methoxyguanosine from the Parent Ribonucleoside Guanosine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4646-4652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Yuan
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Ke Chen
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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161
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Wang G, Dyatkina N, Prhavc M, Williams C, Serebryany V, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wan J, Wu X, Deval J, Fung A, Jin Z, Tan H, Shaw K, Kang H, Zhang Q, Tam Y, Stoycheva A, Jekle A, Smith DB, Beigelman L. Synthesis and Anti-HCV Activities of 4'-Fluoro-2'-Substituted Uridine Triphosphates and Nucleotide Prodrugs: Discovery of 4'-Fluoro-2'- C-methyluridine 5'-Phosphoramidate Prodrug (AL-335) for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Infection. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4555-4570. [PMID: 30951311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 4'-fluoro-2'- C-substituted uridines. Triphosphates of the uridine analogues exhibited a potent inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase with IC50 values as low as 27 nM. In an HCV subgenomic replicon assay, the phosphoramidate prodrugs of these uridine analogues demonstrated a very potent activity with EC50 values as low as 20 nM. A lead compound AL-335 (53) demonstrated high levels of the nucleoside triphosphate in vitro in primary human hepatocytes and Huh-7 cells as well as in dog liver following a single oral dose. Compound 53 was selected for the clinical development where it showed promising results in phase 1 and 2 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Natalia Dyatkina
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Marija Prhavc
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Caroline Williams
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Vladimir Serebryany
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yujian Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , WuXi AppTec , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , WuXi AppTec , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Jinqiao Wan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , WuXi AppTec , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , WuXi AppTec , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Jerome Deval
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Amy Fung
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Zhinan Jin
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Hua Tan
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kenneth Shaw
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Hyunsoon Kang
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yuen Tam
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Andreas Jekle
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - David B Smith
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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Nishiyama T, Kobayashi T, Jirintai S, Kii I, Nagashima S, Prathiwi Primadharsini P, Nishizawa T, Okamoto H. Screening of novel drugs for inhibiting hepatitis E virus replication. J Virol Methods 2019; 270:1-11. [PMID: 31004661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E, which is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), is generally a self-limiting, acute, and rarely fatal disease. It is sometimes fulminant and lethal, especially during pregnancy. Indeed, it occasionally takes a chronic course in immunocompromised individuals. To cure hepatitis E patients, the broad-spectrum antivirals (ribavirin and pegylated interferon α) are used. However, this treatment is insufficient and unsafe in some patients due to embryoteratogenic effects, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In this study, we constructed an HEV replication reporter system with Gaussia luciferase for comprehensively screening anti-HEV drug candidates, and developed a cell-culture system using cells robustly producing HEV to validate the efficacy of anti-HEV drug candidates. We screened anti-HEV drug candidates from United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs using the established HEV replication reporter system, and investigated the selected candidates and type III interferons (interferon λ1-3) using the cell-culture system. In conclusion, we constructed an HEV replicon system for anti-HEV drug screening and a novel cell-culture system to strictly evaluate the replication-inhibitory activities of the obtained anti-HEV candidates. Our findings suggested that interferon λ1-3 might be effective for treating hepatitis E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishiyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tominari Kobayashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Suljid Jirintai
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Division of Pathology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University College of Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Isao Kii
- Common Facilities Unit, Integrated Research Group, Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Ohki CMY, Benazzato C, Russo FB, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Developing animal models of Zika virus infection for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:577-589. [PMID: 30991850 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1597050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Just before the Brazilian outbreak, Zika virus was related to a mild infection, causing fever and skin rash. Congenital Zika Syndrome was first described in Brazil, causing microcephaly and malformations in newborns. Three years after the outbreak, the mechanisms of Zika pathogenesis are still not completely elucidated. Moreover, as of today, there is still no approved vaccine that can be administered to the susceptible population. Considering the unmet clinical need, animal models represent an unprecedented opportunity to study Zika pathophysiology and test drugs for the treatment and prevention of vertical transmission. Areas covered: The authors explore the current knowledge about Zika through animal models and advancements in drug discovery by highlighting drugs with the greatest potential to treat ZIKV infection and block vertical transmission. Expert opinion: Some drugs used to treat other infections have been repurposed to treat Zika infection, reducing the cost and time for clinical application. One promising example is Sofosbuvir, which protected mice models against Zika pathogenesis by preventing vertical transmission. Importantly, there is a lack on exploration on the long-term effects of Zika Congenital Syndrome, as well as the possible ways to treat its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cecilia Benazzato
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fabiele Baldino Russo
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Yang W, Peng Y, Wang J, Song C, Yu W, Zhou Y, Jiang J, Wang Q, Wu J, Chang J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl 8-azanebularine derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1291-1297. [PMID: 30962085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem requiring more efficient and better tolerated anti-HBV agent. In this paper, a series of novel 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-β-d-arabinofuranosyl 8-azanebularine analogues (1 and 2a) and N4-substituted 8-azaadenosine derivatives (2b-g) were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-HBV activity. Two concise and practical synthetic routes were developed toward the structural motif construction of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-β-d-arabinofuranosyl 8-azainosine from the ribonolactone 3 under mild conditions. The in vitro anti-HBV screening results showed that these 8-azanebularine analogues had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of HBV antigens and HBV DNA at a concentration of 20 μM. Among them, halogen-substituted 8-azaadenosine derivative 2g displayed activities comparable to that of 3TC. In particular, 2g retained excellent activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Qingduan Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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165
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Quick and Sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Its Metabolite in Human Plasma. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071302. [PMID: 30987096 PMCID: PMC6480583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, fast and highly sensitive RP-UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir (SR) and its metabolite GS331007 in human plasma using ketotifen as an internal standard (IS). The separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 µm, Waters, USA) column using acetonitrile:5 mM ammonium formate:0.1% formic acid (85:15:0.1% v/v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min in an isocratic elution. The Xevo TQD UPLC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Extraction with dichloromethane was used in the sample preparation. Method validation was performed as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and the calibration curves of the proposed method were found to be linear in the range of 1–1000 ng/mL for SR and in the range of 10–1500 ng/mL for its metabolite (GS331007) with an elution time of 1.83 min. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range according to the bioanalytical methods validation guidelines. Furthermore, the obtained results of matrix effects indicate that ion suppression or enhancement from human plasma components was negligible under the optimized conditions. The proposed method can be applied in high-throughput analysis required for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in human samples.
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166
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Laurain A, Metivier S, Haour G, Larrey D, Dorival C, Hezode C, Zoulim F, Marcellin P, Bourliere M, Zarski JP, Thabut D, Alric L, Ganne-Carrie N, Cales P, Bronowicki JP, Riachi G, Geist C, Causse X, Abergel A, Chazouilleres O, Mathurin P, Guyader D, Samuel D, Tran A, Loustaud-Ratti V, Petrov-Sanchez V, Diallo A, Luzivika-Nzinga C, Fontaine H, Carrat F, Pol S. Safety and efficacy of the combination simeprevir-sofosbuvir in HCV genotype 1- and 4-mono-infected patients from the French ANRS CO22 hepather cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:300. [PMID: 30940090 PMCID: PMC6446259 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although real-life results of sofosbuvir/simeprevir have been extensively reported from the United States, data from other geographical areas are limited. In the French observational cohort, ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, 9432 patients were given the new oral antivirals from December 2013 to June 30, 2018. We report the results of sofosbuvir/simeprevir in genotypes 1- and 4-infected patients. METHODS Demographics and history of liver disease were collected at entry in the cohort. Clinical, adverse events, and virological data were collected throughout treatment and post-treatment follow-up. The choice of treatment duration or addition of ribavirin was left up to the physician. RESULTS Five hundred ninety-nine HCV (467 genotype 1 and 132 genotype 4) mono-infected, naïve for all oral-DAAs regimen patients were given sofosbuvir/simeprevir with (n = 63) or without ribavirin (n = 536) for 12 or 24 weeks; 56% had cirrhosis (4% decompensated) and 71% had prior treatment failure to interferon-based regimen. 7 patients (1.16%) were lost to follow-up. The overall SVR12 rate was 92.6%. The SVR12 was 90% in GT1a, 94.2% in GT1b and 91.6% in GT4 with no significant difference for genotype, treatment duration or ribavirin addition. Severity of liver disease was not associated with a lower SVR12 rate on multivariate analysis but was associated with a higher rate of severe side effects. Early treatment discontinuations were rare; no new safety signals were reported. CONCLUSION In this real life, observational, prospective cohort study, the 12-week sofosbuvir/simeprevir+/-ribavirin combination appears to be efficient and safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01953458 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Laurain
- Université Paris Descartes ; APHP, Unité d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin ; INSERM U-818 et USM20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Metivier
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Georges Haour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Liver unit-IRB-INSERM1040, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hezode
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Department of Hepatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Marcellin
- Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM CRB3, Clichy, France
| | - Marc Bourliere
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Zarski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Thabut
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, INSERM UMR-S938, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Internal Medicine-Digestive Department CHU Purpan, UMR152, IRD, Toulouse 3 University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrie
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Hepatology Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, AP-HP, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny; Inserm UMR-1162, F-93000, Paris, France
| | - Paul Cales
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, INSERM U954, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Ghassan Riachi
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Claire Geist
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Metz, France
| | - Xavier Causse
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Armand Abergel
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Diseases, Estaing University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,UMR Auvergne University/CNRS 6284 ISIT (Image Sciences for Innovations Techniques), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Chazouilleres
- Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Guyader
- Liver disease unit, CHU Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM U991, Rennes, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, UMR-S785, Université Paris-Sud, INSERM U785, Villejuif, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Digestive Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, INSERM U1065-8, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, CHU Limoges, U850 INSERM, Univ. Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
- ANRS (France Recherche Nord&sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis, Paris, France
| | - Alpha Diallo
- ANRS (France Recherche Nord&sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Clinical Trial Safety and Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Clovis Luzivika-Nzinga
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Université Paris Descartes ; APHP, Unité d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin ; INSERM U-818 et USM20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université Paris Descartes ; APHP, Unité d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin ; INSERM U-818 et USM20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Khan AJ, Saraswat VA, Ranjan P, Parmar D, Negi TS, Mohindra S. Polymorphism in interferon λ3/interleukin-28B gene and risk to noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 virus infection and its effect on the response to combined daclatasvir and sofosbuvir therapy. J Med Virol 2019; 91:659-667. [PMID: 30431653 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a considerable public-health problem and an important cause of liver disease with about 71 million people infected worldwide and more than 399 000 people die every year from hepatitis C-related liver diseases. The present study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the association of polymorphism in interferon λ3 (IFNL3) also known as interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene with chronic HCV infection and association of these polymorphic variants with the combination daclatasvir and sofosbuvir HCV therapy response. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay in a total of 250 chronic HCV genotype three patients and 500 number of healthy controls. Our data revealed that the TT (minor) genotype of IFNL3 (rs12979860) and GG (minor) genotype of IFNL3 (rs8099917) exhibited a significant association with chronic HCV genotype 3 infection when compared with controls. The results of treatment response showed that CC (major) genotype of IFNL3 (rs12979860) and TT (major) genotype of IFNL3 (rs8099917) are associated with the likelihood of achieving a higher sustained virological response (SVR), to combined daclatasvir and sofosbuvir therapy, in genotype 3-infected HCV patients, whereas the individuals with TT (minor) genotype of IFNL3 (rs12979860) and GG (minor) genotype of IFNL3 (rs8099917) are more susceptible to chronic HCV infection and treatment relapse, suggesting a role of IFNL3 (rs12979860) and (rs8099917) in the treatment outcome of combined daclatasvir and sofosbuvir therapy in chronic HCV genotype 3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Jamal Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Vivek Aanand Saraswat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Tajwar Singh Negi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Samir Mohindra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, U.P, India
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168
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Nucleoligands-repurposing G Protein-coupled Receptor Ligands to Modulate Nuclear-localized G Protein-coupled Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:193-204. [PMID: 28858907 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that internal pools of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and may be affected by both endogenous signaling molecules and hydrophobic pharmaceutical ligands, once assumed to only affect cell surface versions of these receptors. Here, we discuss evidence that the biology of nuclear GPCRs in particular is complex, rich, and highly interactive with GPCR signaling from the cell surface. Caging existing GPCR ligands may be an excellent means of further stratifying the phenotypic effects of known pharmacophores such as β-adrenergic, angiotensin II, and type B endothelin receptor ligands in the cardiovascular system. We describe some synthetic strategies we have used to design ligands to go from in cellulo to in vivo experiments. We also consider how surface and intracellular GPCR signaling might be integrated and ways to dissect this. If they could be selectively targeted, nuclear GPCRs and their associated nucleoligands would represent a completely novel area for exploration by Pharma.
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169
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Wu DB, Jiang W, Wang YH, Chen B, Wang ML, Tao YC, Chen EQ, Tang H. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in Southwest China: Real-world experience of a retrospective study. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:316-322. [PMID: 30380166 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optional treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 6 infection have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir (SOF)-based direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV GT6. We performed a retrospective study at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Southwest China from January 2016 to May 2017. Our study screened 130 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HCV GT6 and without liver cirrhosis. A total of 60 HCV GT6 patients were ultimately enrolled. All patients received SOF-based DAAs therapy, including SOF 400 mg plus daclatasvir (DCV) 60 mg daily or SOF 400 mg plus velpatasvir (VEL) 100 mg daily for 12 weeks. The sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) was 100% (60/60) in treatment-naïve patients with HCV GT6, including 100% (37/37) of patients receiving SOF plus DCV therapy and 100% (23/23) of patients receiving SOF plus VEL therapy. Measurements of liver stiffness were significantly decreased in patients at week 12 (P = 0.014) and week 24 (P < 0.001) of DAAs treatment compared to baseline values. The serum biomarker aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score were also significantly reduced at week 12 and week 24 compared to before treatment (both P < 0.001). SOF-based therapy was well-tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, SOF plus DCV and SOF plus VEL were safe and achieved a high SVR12 rate for treatment-naïve patients with HCV GT6 without liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Lan Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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170
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Bassetto M, Van Dycke J, Neyts J, Brancale A, Rocha-Pereira J. Targeting the Viral Polymerase of Diarrhea-Causing Viruses as a Strategy to Develop a Single Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Therapy. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020173. [PMID: 30791582 PMCID: PMC6409847 DOI: 10.3390/v11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral gastroenteritis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being particularly severe for children under the age of five. The most common viral agents of gastroenteritis are noroviruses, rotaviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses and adenoviruses, however, no specific antiviral treatment exists today against any of these pathogens. We here discuss the feasibility of developing a broad-spectrum antiviral treatment against these diarrhea-causing viruses. This review focuses on the viral polymerase as an antiviral target, as this is the most conserved viral protein among the diverse viral families to which these viruses belong to. We describe the functional and structural similarities of the different viral polymerases, the antiviral effect of reported polymerase inhibitors and highlight common features that might be exploited in an attempt of designing such pan-polymerase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK.
| | - Jana Van Dycke
- KU Leuven-Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven-Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK.
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven-Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Ovadia R, Khalil A, Li H, De Schutter C, Mengshetti S, Zhou S, Bassit L, Coats SJ, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis and anti-HCV activity of β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-chloro-2'-β-fluoro and β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-bromo-2'-β-fluoro nucleosides and their phosphoramidate prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:664-676. [PMID: 30655167 PMCID: PMC6425950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and evaluation of a series of β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-chloro-2'-β-fluoro and β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-bromo-2'-β-fluoro nucleosides along with their corresponding phosphoramidate prodrugs. Key intermediates, lactols 11 and 12, were obtained by a diastereoselective fluorination of protected 2-deoxy-2-chloro/bromo-ribonolactones 7 and 8. All synthesized nucleosides and prodrugs were evaluated with a hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ovadia
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Coralie De Schutter
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seema Mengshetti
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shaoman Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven J Coats
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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172
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Mengshetti S, Zhou L, Sari O, De Schutter C, Zhang H, Cho JH, Tao S, Bassit LC, Verma K, Domaoal RA, Ehteshami M, Jiang Y, Ovadia R, Kasthuri M, Ollinger Russell O, McBrayer T, Whitaker T, Pattassery J, Pascual ML, Uher L, Lin BY, Lee S, Amblard F, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Discovery of a Series of 2'-α-Fluoro,2'-β-bromo-ribonucleosides and Their Phosphoramidate Prodrugs as Potent Pan-Genotypic Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1859-1874. [PMID: 30653317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoside inhibitors display pan-genotypic activity, a high barrier to the selection of resistant virus, and are some of the most potent direct-acting agents with durable sustained virologic response in humans. Herein, we report, the discovery of β-d-2'-Br,2'-F-uridine phosphoramidate diastereomers 27 and 28, as nontoxic pan-genotypic anti-HCV agents. Extensive profiling of these two phosphorous diastereomers was performed to select one for in-depth preclinical profiling. The 5'-triphosphate formed from these phosphoramidates selectively inhibited HCV NS5B polymerase with no inhibition of human polymerases and cellular mitochondrial RNA polymerase up to 100 μM. Both are nontoxic by a variety of measures and display good stability in human blood and favorable metabolism in human intestinal microsomes and liver microsomes. Ultimately, a preliminary oral pharmacokinetics study in male beagles showed that 28 is superior to 27 and is an attractive candidate for further studies to establish its potential value as a new clinical anti-HCV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mengshetti
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Longhu Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Ozkan Sari
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Coralie De Schutter
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Hongwang Zhang
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Sijia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Leda C Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Kiran Verma
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Robert A Domaoal
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Maryam Ehteshami
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Reuben Ovadia
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Mahesh Kasthuri
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Olivia Ollinger Russell
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Tamara McBrayer
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Tony Whitaker
- Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. , Tucker , Georgia 30084 , United States
| | - Judy Pattassery
- Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. , Tucker , Georgia 30084 , United States
| | | | - Lothar Uher
- Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. , Tucker , Georgia 30084 , United States
| | - Biing Y Lin
- Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. , Tucker , Georgia 30084 , United States
| | - Sam Lee
- Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. , Tucker , Georgia 30084 , United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Steven J Coats
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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173
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Yates MK, Seley-Radtke KL. The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2019; 162:5-21. [PMID: 30529089 PMCID: PMC6349489 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. As with the first paper, rather than providing a chronological account, we have chosen to examine particular examples of structural modifications made to nucleoside analogues that have proven fruitful as various antiviral, anticancer, and other therapeutics. The first review covered the more common, and in most cases, single modifications to the sugar and base moieties of the nucleoside scaffold. This paper focuses on more recent developments, especially nucleoside analogues that contain more than one modification to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these two articles will provide an informative historical perspective of some of the successfully designed analogues, as well as many candidate compounds that encountered obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Yates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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174
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de Freitas CS, Higa LM, Sacramento CQ, Ferreira AC, Reis PA, Delvecchio R, Monteiro FL, Barbosa-Lima G, James Westgarth H, Vieira YR, Mattos M, Rocha N, Hoelz LVB, Leme RPP, Bastos MM, L. Rodrigues GO, M. Lopes CE, Queiroz-Junior CM, Lima CX, Costa VV, Teixeira MM, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Boechat N, Tanuri A, Souza TML. Yellow fever virus is susceptible to sofosbuvir both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007072. [PMID: 30699122 PMCID: PMC6375661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. In Brazil, yellow fever (YF) cases have increased dramatically in sylvatic areas neighboring urban zones in the last few years. Because of the high lethality rates associated with infection and absence of any antiviral treatments, it is essential to identify therapeutic options to respond to YFV outbreaks. Repurposing of clinically approved drugs represents the fastest alternative to discover antivirals for public health emergencies. Other Flaviviruses, such as Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses, are susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved drug against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our data showed that sofosbuvir docks onto YFV RNA polymerase using conserved amino acid residues for nucleotide binding. This drug inhibited the replication of both vaccine and wild-type strains of YFV on human hepatoma cells, with EC50 values around 5 μM. Sofosbuvir protected YFV-infected neonatal Swiss mice and adult type I interferon receptor knockout mice (A129-/-) from mortality and weight loss. Because of its safety profile in humans and significant antiviral effects in vitro and in mice, Sofosbuvir may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of YF. Key-words: Yellow fever virus; Yellow fever, antiviral; sofosbuvir Yellow fever virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and its infection may be asymptomatic or lead to a wide clinical spectrum ranging from a mild febrile illness to a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by liver damage. Although a yellow fever vaccine is available, low coverage allows 80,000–200,000 cases and 30,000–60,000 deaths annually worldwide. There are no specific therapy and treatment relies on supportive care, reinforcing an urgent need for antiviral repourposing. Here, we showed that sofosbuvir, clinically approved against hepatitis C, inhibits yellow fever virus replication in liver cell lines and animal models. In vitro, sofosbuvir inhibits viral RNA replication, decreases the number of infected cells and the production of infectious virus particles. These data is particularly relevante since the liver is the main target of yellow fever infection. Sofosbuvir also protected infected animals from mortality, weight loss and liver injury, especially prophylatically. Our pre-clinical results supports a second use of sofosbuvir against yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Higa
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Delvecchio
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Harrison James Westgarth
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Rangel Vieira
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natasha Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mônica M. Bastos
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olinto L. Rodrigues
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Elizabeth M. Lopes
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Cardiac Lab, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiano X. Lima
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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175
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Beyond Members of the Flaviviridae Family, Sofosbuvir Also Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01389-18. [PMID: 30455237 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01389-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where control of the CHIKV vector, Aedes mosquitos, has failed. As there is no vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV, patients receive only palliative care to alleviate pain and arthralgia. Thus, drug repurposing is necessary to identify antivirals against CHIKV. CHIKV RNA polymerase is similar to the orthologue enzyme of other positive-sense RNA viruses, such as members of the Flaviviridae family. Among the Flaviviridae, not only is hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved nucleotide analogue, but so is dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus replication. Here, we found that sofosbuvir was three times more selective in inhibiting CHIKV production in human hepatoma cells than ribavirin, a pan-antiviral drug. Although CHIKV replication in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes was less susceptible to sofosbuvir than were hepatoma cells, sofosbuvir nevertheless impaired virus production and cell death in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner. Sofosbuvir also exhibited antiviral activity in vivo by preventing CHIKV-induced paw edema in adult mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight/day and prevented mortality in a neonate mouse model at 40- and 80-mg/kg/day doses. Our data demonstrate that a prototypic alphavirus, CHIKV, is also susceptible to sofosbuvir. As sofosbuvir is a clinically approved drug, our findings could pave the way to it becoming a therapeutic option against CF.
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176
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Pupo G, Vicini AC, Ascough DMH, Ibba F, Christensen KE, Thompson AL, Brown JM, Paton RS, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Potassium Fluoride: Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Fluoroamines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2878-2883. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pupo
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Chiara Vicini
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Ibba
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Brown
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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177
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Rico L, Hanessian S. Synthesis of 1',2'-methano-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides as potential antivirals. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:597-600. [PMID: 30612845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of constrained nucleosides has become an important tool to understand the SAR in the interaction between biological and synthetic nucleotides in the context of antisense oligonucleotide therapy. The incorporation of a cyclopropane into a furanose ring of a nucleoside induces some degree of constrain without affecting significantly the steric environment of a nucleoside. Here, we report a new, short and stereocontrolled synthesis of two constrained nucleosides analogues, 1',2'- methano-2',3'-dideoxyuridine 9, and the corresponding cytidine analog 12. X-ray crystallography revealed that the furanose ring in the constrained uridine and cytidine analogues was flattened with virtual loss of pseudorotation. The phosphoramidate esters of the novel constrained uridine and cytidine nucleosides, intended as prodrugs, were tested in cell-based assays for viral replication across the herpes virus family and HIV inhibition courtesy of Merck laboratories, Rahway. They were also tested in antiproliferative assays against colorectal and melanoma cell lines. Unfortunately, none of the compounds showed activity in these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rico
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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178
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Voight EA, Brown BS, Greszler SN, Halvorsen GT, Zhao G, Kruger AW, Hartung J, Lukin KA, Martinez SR, Moschetta EG, Tudesco MT, Ide ND. Synthesis of ABBV-168, a 2'-Bromouridine for the Treatment of Hepatitis C. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4723-4734. [PMID: 30412402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ABBV-168 is a dihalogenated nucleotide under investigation for the treatment of hepatitis C virus. Three synthetic routes aimed at achieving the stereoselective installation of the C2' gem-Br,F substitution and subsequent Vorbruggen glycosylation were explored to prepare the penultimate nucleoside intermediate. Development culminated in a route to ABBV-168 featuring a de novo chromatography-free furanose synthesis, protecting group-directed Vorbruggen glycosylation, and highly selective phosphoramidation to furnish the API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Voight
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie, Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Brian S Brown
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie, Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Stephen N Greszler
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie, Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Geoff T Halvorsen
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie, Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie, Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Albert W Kruger
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - John Hartung
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Kirill A Lukin
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Steven R Martinez
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Eric G Moschetta
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Michael T Tudesco
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
| | - Nathan D Ide
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie, Inc. , 1401 Sheridan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064-1802 , United States
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179
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Yoshimura Y, Saito Y, Natori Y, Wakamatsu H. Synthesis of 4'-Thionucleosides as Antitumor and Antiviral Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:139-146. [PMID: 29386464 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to synthesize structurally novel nucleoside derivatives in order to identify effective compounds for the treatment of tumors and virus-caused disease. At our laboratories, as part of our efforts to synthesize 4'-thionucleosides, we have identified and characterized biologically active nucleosides. During the course of our synthetic study, we developed the Pummerer-type thioglycosylation reaction. As a result, we synthesized a potent antineoplastic nucleoside, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-4-thio-arabino-furanosyl)cytosine (4'-thioFAC), and several novel 4'-thionucleosides that possess antiherpes virus activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yukako Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshihiro Natori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Wakamatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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180
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Slusarczyk M, Ferrari V, Serpi M, Gönczy B, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. Symmetrical Diamidates as a Class of Phosphate Prodrugs to Deliver the 5′‐Monophosphate Forms of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2305-2316. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Slusarczyk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Blanka Gönczy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyRega Institute for Medical Research Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
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181
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Khaliq S, Raza SM. Current Status of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents against Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Pakistan. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E80. [PMID: 30400604 PMCID: PMC6262417 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Pakistan, the burden of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second highest in the world with the development of chronic hepatitis. Interferon-based combination therapy with ribavirin was the only available treatment until a few years back, with severe side-effects and high failure rates against different genotypes of HCV. Interferon-free all-oral direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) approved by the FDA have revolutionized the HCV therapeutic landscape due to their efficiency in targeting different genotypes in different categories of patients, including treatment naïve, treatment failure and relapsing patients, as well as patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. The availability and use of these DAAs is limited in the developing world. Sofosbuvir (SOF), a uridine nucleotide analogue and inhibitor of HCV encoded NS5B polymerase, is now a widely available and in-use DAA in Pakistan; whereas daclatasvir was recently added in the list. According to the documented results, there is hope that this disease can be effectively cured in Pakistan, although a few concerns still remain. The aim of this article is to review the effectiveness of DAAs and the current status of this treatment against HCV genotype 3 infection in Pakistan; various factors associated with SVR; its limitations as an effective treatment regime; and future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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182
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Asante-Appiah E, Liu R, Curry S, McMonagle P, Agrawal S, Carr D, Rokosz L, Lahser F, Bystol K, Chase R, Black S, Ferrari E, Ingravallo P, Tong L, Yu W, Kozlowski J. In Vitro Antiviral Profile of Ruzasvir, a Potent and Pangenotype Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01280-18. [PMID: 30150466 PMCID: PMC6201069 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01280-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of NS5A has emerged as an attractive strategy to intervene in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Ruzasvir (formerly MK-8408) was developed as a novel NS5A inhibitor to improve upon the potency and barrier to resistance of early compounds. Ruzasvir inhibited HCV RNA replication with 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 1 to 4 pM in Huh7 or Huh7.5 cells bearing replicons for HCV genotype 1 (GT1) to GT7. The antiviral activity was modestly (10-fold) reduced in the presence of 40% normal human serum. The picomolar potency in replicon cells extended to sequences of clinical isolates available in public databases that were synthesized and tested as replicons. In GT1a, ruzasvir inhibited common NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), with the exception of M28G. De novo resistance selection studies identified pathways with certain amino acid substitutions at residues 28, 30, 31, and 93 across genotypes. Substitutions at position 93 were more common in GT1 to -4, while changes at position 31 emerged frequently in GT5 and -6. With the exception of GT4, the reintroduction of selected RASs conferred a ≥100-fold potency reduction in the antiviral activity of ruzasvir. Common RASs from other classes of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) did not confer cross-resistance to ruzasvir. The interaction of ruzasvir with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor (grazoprevir) and an NS5B polymerase prodrug (uprifosbuvir) was additive to synergistic, with no evidence of antagonism or cytotoxicity. The antiviral profile of ruzasvir supported its further evaluation in human trials in combination with grazoprevir and uprifosbuvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Asante-Appiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stephanie Curry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Donna Carr
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura Rokosz
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Frederick Lahser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karin Bystol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert Chase
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stuart Black
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric Ferrari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul Ingravallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Kozlowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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183
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Challenges and perspectives of direct antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1178-1187. [PMID: 30006068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been revolutionised by the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). All-oral, once-daily, 8- to 12-week treatment regimens are now standard of care, with viral eradication possible in >95% of patients across different populations. Despite these advances, several unresolved issues remain, including treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3, chronic kidney disease, and those in whom DAA therapy has previously failed. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir are the most recently approved DAA regimens. Given the overwhelming success of modern DAA-based therapies, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir are also likely to represent the last DAAs to be approved. Both are pangenotypic, once-daily, all-oral DAA combinations that have the potential to close the gaps in the current DAA treatment portfolio. Herein, we review the challenges associated with current DAAs and how these two regimens may be implemented in existing treatment algorithms.
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184
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Arrington K, Barcan GA, Calandra NA, Erickson GA, Li L, Liu L, Nilson MG, Strambeanu II, VanGelder KF, Woodard JL, Xie S, Allen CL, Kowalski JA, Leitch DC. Convergent Synthesis of the NS5B Inhibitor GSK8175 Enabled by Transition Metal Catalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4680-4694. [PMID: 30339385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent eight-stage synthesis of the boron-containing NS5B inhibitor GSK8175 is described. The previous route involves 13 steps in a completely linear sequence, with an overall 10% yield. Key issues include a multiday SNAr arylation of a secondary sulfonamide using HMPA as solvent, multiple functional group interconversions after all of the carbon atoms are installed (including a Sandmeyer halogenation), use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether to install a protecting group late in the synthesis, and an unreliable Pd-catalyzed Miyaura borylation as the penultimate step. We have devised an orthogonal approach using a Chan-Lam coupling between a halogenated aryl pinacol boronate ester and an aryl methanesulfonamide. This reaction is performed using a cationic Cu(I) precatalyst, which can be easily generated in situ using KPF6 as a halide abstractor. High-throughput screening revealed a new Pd catalyst system to effect the penultimate borylation chemistry using simple monodentate phosphine ligands, with PCyPh2 identified as optimal. Reaction progress analysis of this borylation indicated likely mass-transfer rate limitations under standard conditions using KOAc as the base. We have devised a K2CO3/pivalic acid system as an alternative, which dramatically outperforms the standard conditions. This new synthesis proceeds in eight stages with a 20% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Arrington
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Gregg A Barcan
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Calandra
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Greg A Erickson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Ling Li
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Li Liu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Mark G Nilson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Iulia I Strambeanu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Kelsey F VanGelder
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John L Woodard
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - C Liana Allen
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John A Kowalski
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
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185
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Lentini NA, Foust BJ, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Phosphonamidate Prodrugs of a Butyrophilin Ligand Display Plasma Stability and Potent Vγ9 Vδ2 T Cell Stimulation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8658-8669. [PMID: 30199251 PMCID: PMC6703555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small organophosphorus compounds stimulate Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells if they serve as ligands of butyrophilin 3A1. Because the most potent natural ligand is ( E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP), which is the last intermediate in bacterial biosynthesis of isoprenoids that is not found in mammalian metabolism, activation of these T cells represents an important component of the immune response to bacterial infections. To identify butyrophilin ligands that may have greater plasma stability, and clinical potential, we have prepared a set of aryl phosphonamidate derivatives (9a-i) of the natural ligand. Testing of these new compounds in assays of T cell response has revealed that this strategy can provide compounds with high potency for expansion of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells (9f, EC50 = 340 pM) and interferon γ production in response to loaded K562 cells (9e, EC50 = 62 nM). Importantly, all compounds of this class display extended plasma stability ( t1/2 > 24 h). These findings increase our understanding of metabolism of butyrophilin ligands and the structure-activity relationships of phosphonamidate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lentini
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
| | - Benjamin J Foust
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
| | - David F Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1109 , United States
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186
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Hepatitis C virus cell culture models: an encomium on basic research paving the road to therapy development. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:3-24. [PMID: 30298360 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections affect 71 million people worldwide, often resulting in severe liver damage. Since 2014 highly efficient therapies based on directly acting antivirals (DAAs) are available, offering cure rates of almost 100%, if the infection is diagnosed in time. It took more than a decade to discover HCV in 1989 and another decade to establish a cell culture model. This review provides a personal view on the importance of HCV cell culture models, particularly the replicon system, in the process of therapy development, from drug screening to understanding of mode of action and resistance, with a special emphasis on the contributions of Ralf Bartenschlager's group. It summarizes the tremendous efforts of scientists in academia and industry required to achieve efficient DAAs, focusing on the main targets, protease, polymerase and NS5A. It furthermore underpins the importance of strong basic research laying the ground for translational medicine.
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187
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Akhil MS, Kirushnan B, Martin M, Arumugam K, Ganesh Prasad NK, Ravichandran R. Sofosbuvir-based treatment is safe and effective in Indian hepatitis C patients on maintenance haemodialysis: A retrospective study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:446-452. [PMID: 28339162 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) including sofosbuvir, ledipasvir and daclatasvir in patients with hepatitis C viraemia who were on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS Data on patients who received sofosbuvir and ribavirin were analysed. Patients who experienced treatment failure with the above regimen received sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. Those having HCV genotype 3 infection received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir. All treatment regimens were of 12 weeks duration. Side-effects were investigated. The HCV viral load was determined by RT-PCR at 4,16 and 24 weeks after the initiation of therapy; haemoglobin levels and liver function tests were monitored at regular intervals during therapy. RESULTS Of the 22 subjects initially treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin, 72.72% attained sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12). Four patients experienced treatment failure and received genotype specific therapy. Patients with HCV genotype one received sofosbuvir with ledipasvir. One patient with HCV genotype 3 infection received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir. All of them attained SVR12. A statistically significant reduction in the median serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were observed from the baseline until the end of treatment. Anaemia was observed in 45% of patients receiving ribavirin. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that sofosbuvir-based therapy is efficacious for HCV viraemia in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The therapy was found to be reasonably safe with no major adverse effects noted with the use of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir or daclatasvir. However, larger studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balaji Kirushnan
- Department of Nephrology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Melvin Martin
- Department of Nephrology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - N K Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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188
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Camarasa MJ. Prodrugs of Nucleoside Triphosphates as a Sound and Challenging Approach: A Pioneering Work That Opens a New Era in the Direct Intracellular Delivery of Nucleoside Triphosphates. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1885-1889. [PMID: 30152096 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nucleosides, designed to mimic naturally occurring nucleosides, are important antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. However, nucleosides are not active as such and need to be metabolized, step by step, to their corresponding active nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). This is mediated by phosphorylating enzymes, mainly host cellular kinases with strong specificity for their substrates; in many cases, this specificity prevents efficient conversion into the NTPs. To circumvent this metabolic handicap, successful nucleo(s/t)ide prodrugs have been developed as a valuable concept in the design of effective drugs. The unique concept of the TriPPPro approach, developed by Chris Meier and colleagues, is a powerful tool for the intracellular delivery of active NTPs, bypassing all the phosphorylation steps required by nucleosides to yield the active NTP metabolites. This concept is illustrated herein with general examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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189
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Rezk MR, Basalious EB, Badr KA. Novel determination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method: Application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4347. [PMID: 30047564 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed, optimized and validated for quantification of sofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL) in human plasma using ledipasvir as an internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was done using acetonitrile for precipitation of plasma proteins. Chromatographic analysis was done on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS system was run with electrospray ionization mode. The developed method was optimized and then validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linearity was found to be in the range of 0.25-3500 ng/mL for SOF and 1-1000 ng/mL for VEL. A short run time of 1.5 min allows swift analysis of many plasma samples per day. The developed method was successfully utilized for estimating both SOF and VEL in the plasma of healthy human volunteers participated in a bioequivalence study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal A Badr
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Egypt.,Advanced Research Center, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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190
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Nucleotide Prodrug Containing a Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid To Improve Oral Delivery of a Hepatitis C Virus Treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00620-18. [PMID: 29866875 PMCID: PMC6105845 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00620-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate analogs to sites of viral infection is challenging. In prior work we identified a 2′-C-methyl-1′-cyano-7-deaza-adenosine C-nucleotide analog with desirable selectivity and potency for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Delivery of pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate analogs to sites of viral infection is challenging. In prior work we identified a 2′-C-methyl-1′-cyano-7-deaza-adenosine C-nucleotide analog with desirable selectivity and potency for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the prodrug selected for clinical development, GS-6620, required a high dose for meaningful efficacy and had unacceptable variability due to poor oral absorption as a result of suboptimal solubility, intestinal metabolism, and efflux transport. While obtaining clinical proof of concept for the nucleotide analog, a more effective prodrug strategy would be necessary for clinical utility. Here, we report an alternative prodrug of the same nucleoside analog identified to address liabilities of GS-6620. A phosphoramidate prodrug containing the nonproteinogenic amino acid methylalanine, an isopropyl ester and phenol in the (S) conformation at phosphorous, GS2, was found to have improved solubility, intestinal stability, and hepatic activation. GS2 is a more selective substrate for hepatically expressed carboxyl esterase 1 (CES1) and is resistant to hydrolysis by more widely expressed hydrolases, including cathepsin A (CatA) and CES2. Unlike GS-6620, GS2 was not cleaved by intestinally expressed CES2 and, as a result, was stable in intestinal extracts. Levels of liver triphosphate following oral administration of GS2 in animals were higher than those of GS-6620, even when administered under optimal conditions for GS-6620 absorption. Combined, these properties suggest that GS2 will have better oral absorption in the clinic when administered in a solid dosage form and the potential to extend the clinical proof of concept obtained with GS-6620.
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191
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Weising S, Sterrenberg V, Schols D, Meier C. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of TriPPPro-AbacavirTP, TriPPPro-CarbovirTP, and Their 1′,2′-cis-Disubstituted Analogues. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1771-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weising
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Vincente Sterrenberg
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Rega Institute for Medical Research; Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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192
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Pileggi E, Serpi M, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Pertusati F. Expedient synthesis and biological evaluation of alkenyl acyclic nucleoside phosphonate prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3596-3609. [PMID: 29880251 PMCID: PMC7126595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The importance of phosphonoamidate prodrugs (ProTides) of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANPs) is highlighted by the approval of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate for the treatment of HIV and HBV infections. In the present paper we are reporting an expedient, one-pot, two-steps synthesis of allyl phosphonoamidates and diamidates that offers a time saving strategy when compared to literature methods. The use of these substrates in the cross metathesis reactions with alkenyl functionalised thymine and uracil nucleobases is reported. ANPs prodrugs synthesized via this methodology were evaluated for their antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses. It is anticipated that the use of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-napthyl as aryloxy moiety is capable to confer antiviral activity among a series of otherwise inactive uracil ProTides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pileggi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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193
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Krol E, Wandzik I, Pastuch-Gawolek G, Szewczyk B. Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071547. [PMID: 29954068 PMCID: PMC6099588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the etiological agent of the most common and dangerous diseases of the liver, is a major health problem worldwide. Despite many attempts, there is still no vaccine available. Although many drugs have been approved for use mostly in combination regimen, their high costs make them out of reach in less developed regions. Previously, we have synthesized a series of compounds belonging to uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars and have proved that some of them possess antiviral activity against influenza A virus associated with N-glycosylation inhibition. Here, we analyze the antiviral properties of these compounds against HCV. Using cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc), HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp), and replicon cell lines, we have shown high anti-HCV activity of two compounds. Our results indicated that compounds 2 and 4 significantly reduced HCVcc propagation with IC50 values in low μM range. Further experiments using the HCVpp system confirmed that both compounds significantly impaired the infectivity of produced HCVpp due to the inhibition of the correct maturation of viral glycoproteins. Overall, our results suggest that inhibiting the glycosylation process might be a good target for new therapeutics not only against HCV, but other important viral pathogens which contain envelopes with highly glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawolek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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Krol E, Pastuch-Gawolek G, Chaubey B, Brzuska G, Erfurt K, Szewczyk B. Novel Uridine Glycoconjugates, Derivatives of 4-Aminophenyl 1-Thioglycosides, as Potential Antiviral Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061435. [PMID: 29899276 PMCID: PMC6100568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of uridine glycoconjugates, derivatives of 4-aminophenyl 1-thioglycosides, was designed and synthesized. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), two important human and animal viral pathogens for which new or improved therapeutic options are needed. The antiviral activity of all synthesized compounds was confirmed using pseudo-plaque reduction assays in which a significant arrest of CSFV and HCV growth was observed in the presence of these compounds. Two of the synthesized compounds, 9 and 12, displayed a significant inhibitory effect on HCV and CSFV propagation with IC50 values of 4.9 and 13.5 µM for HCV and 4.2 and 4 µM for CSFV, respectively, with low cytotoxicity. Using various infection and replication models, we have shown that both compounds were able to significantly reduce viral genome replication by up to 90% with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. A structure activity analysis of the synthesized compounds showed that the high antiviral activity was attributed to the hydrophobicity of glycoconjugates and the introduction of elements capable to coordinate metal ions into the spacer connecting the sugar and uridine moiety, which can be useful in the development of new antiviral compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawolek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
- Functional Genomics Lab., Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, 700019 Kolkata, India.
| | - Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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195
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Dulin D, Arnold JJ, van Laar T, Oh HS, Lee C, Perkins AL, Harki DA, Depken M, Cameron CE, Dekker NH. Signatures of Nucleotide Analog Incorporation by an RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Revealed Using High-Throughput Magnetic Tweezers. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1063-1076. [PMID: 29069588 PMCID: PMC5670035 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses pose a threat to public health that is exacerbated by the dearth of antiviral therapeutics. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) holds promise as a broad-spectrum, therapeutic target because of the conserved nature of the nucleotide-substrate-binding and catalytic sites. Conventional, quantitative, kinetic analysis of antiviral ribonucleotides monitors one or a few incorporation events. Here, we use a high-throughput magnetic tweezers platform to monitor the elongation dynamics of a prototypical RdRp over thousands of nucleotide-addition cycles in the absence and presence of a suite of nucleotide analog inhibitors. We observe multiple RdRp-RNA elongation complexes; only a subset of which are competent for analog utilization. Incorporation of a pyrazine-carboxamide nucleotide analog, T-1106, leads to RdRp backtracking. This analysis reveals a mechanism of action for this antiviral ribonucleotide that is corroborated by cellular studies. We propose that induced backtracking represents a distinct mechanistic class of antiviral ribonucleotides. Several unique conformational states of an elongating RdRp exist Only one conformation incorporates nucleotide analogs with therapeutic potential An analog thought to be a chain terminator actually promotes RdRp backtracking Distinctive behavior of backtrack-inducing analog on virus variants in cell culture
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dulin
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jamie J Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Theo van Laar
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cheri Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Angela L Perkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Depken
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Craig E Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Nynke H Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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196
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Involvement of CYP4F2 in the Metabolism of a Novel Monophosphate Ester Prodrug of Gemcitabine and Its Interaction Potential In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051195. [PMID: 29772747 PMCID: PMC6100113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound-3 is an oral monophosphate prodrug of gemcitabine. Previous data showed that Compound-3 was more potent than gemcitabine and it was orally active in a tumor xenograft model. In the present study, the metabolism of Compound-3 was investigated in several well-known in vitro matrices. While relatively stable in human and rat plasma, Compound-3 demonstrated noticeable metabolism in liver and intestinal microsomes in the presence of NADPH and human hepatocytes. Compound-3 could also be hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, leading to gemcitabine formation. Metabolite identification using accurate mass- and information-based scan techniques revealed that Compound-3 was subjected to sequential metabolism, forming alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid metabolites, respectively. Results from reaction phenotyping studies indicated that cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) was a key CYP isozyme involved in Compound-3 metabolism. Interaction assays suggested that CYP4F2 activity could be inhibited by Compound-3 or an antiparasitic prodrug pafuramidine. Because CYP4F2 is a key CYP isozyme involved in the metabolism of eicosanoids and therapeutic drugs, clinical relevance of drug-drug interactions mediated via CYP4F2 inhibition warrants further investigation.
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197
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Structure-activity relationship of uridine-based nucleoside phosphoramidate prodrugs for inhibition of dengue virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2324-2327. [PMID: 29801997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To identify a potent and selective nucleoside inhibitor of dengue virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a series of 2'- and/or 4'-ribose sugar modified uridine nucleoside phosphoramidate prodrugs and their corresponding triphosphates were synthesized and evaluated. Replacement of 2'-OH with 2'-F led to be a poor substrate for both dengue virus and human mitochondrial RNA polymerases. Instead of 2'-fluorination, the introduction of fluorine at the ribose 4'-position was found not to affect the inhibition of the dengue virus polymerase with a reduction in uptake by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. 2'-C-ethynyl-4'-F-uridine phosphoramidate prodrug displayed potent anti-dengue virus activity in the primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay with no significant cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell lines and no mitochondrial toxicity in the cell-based assay using human prostate cancer cell lines.
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198
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Wang B, Thurmond S, Hai R, Song J. Structure and function of Zika virus NS5 protein: perspectives for drug design. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1723-1736. [PMID: 29423529 PMCID: PMC5911220 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the positive-sense single-stranded RNA-containing Flaviviridae family. Its recent outbreak and association with human diseases (e.g. neurological disorders) have raised global health concerns, and an urgency to develop a therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection. However, there is no currently approved antiviral against ZIKV. Here we present a comprehensive overview on recent progress in structure-function investigation of ZIKV NS5 protein, the largest non-structural protein of ZIKV, which is responsible for replication of the viral genome, RNA capping and suppression of host interferon responses. Structural comparison of the N-terminal methyltransferase domain and C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of ZIKV NS5 with their counterparts from related viruses provides mechanistic insights into ZIKV NS5-mediated RNA replication, and identifies residues critical for its enzymatic activities. Finally, a collection of recently identified small molecule inhibitors against ZIKV NS5 or its closely related flavivirus homologues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Stephanie Thurmond
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology , University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology , University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jikui Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Rautio J, Meanwell NA, Di L, Hageman MJ. The expanding role of prodrugs in contemporary drug design and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:559-587. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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200
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Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Liver Pharmacokinetics in Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02587-17. [PMID: 29439971 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02587-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sofosbuvir and ribavirin exert their anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) activity following metabolic activation in the liver. However, intrahepatic concentrations of the pharmacologically active nucleotide metabolites in humans are poorly characterized due to the inaccessibility of tissue and technical challenges with measuring nucleotide levels. A clinical study assessing the efficacy of sofosbuvir and ribavirin administered prior to liver transplantation to prevent HCV recurrence provided a unique opportunity to quantify nucleotide concentrations in human liver. We analyzed nucleotides using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in liver tissue from 30 HCV-infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were administered sofosbuvir (400 mg/day) and ribavirin (1,000 to 1,200 mg/day) for 3 to 52 weeks prior to liver transplantation. Median total hepatic metabolite concentrations (the sum of nucleoside and mono-, di-, and triphosphates) were 77.1 μM for sofosbuvir and 361 μM for ribavirin in patients on therapy at the time of transplantation. Ribavirin and sofosbuvir efficiently loaded the liver, with total hepatic metabolite concentrations exceeding maximal levels in plasma by approximately 30-fold. Ribavirin metabolite levels suggest that its monophosphate is in great excess of its inhibition constant for IMP dehydrogenase and that its triphosphate is approaching the binding constant for incorporation by the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In accordance with the potent antiviral activity of sofosbuvir, these results demonstrate that the liver triphosphate levels achieved following sofosbuvir administration greatly exceed the inhibition constant for HCV NS5B. In conclusion, this study expands the quantitative understanding of the pharmacology of sofosbuvir and ribavirin by establishing efficient hepatic delivery in the clinic. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01559844.).
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