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152
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Deschrijver E, Wiersema JR, Brass M. Action-based touch observation in adults with high functioning autism: Can compromised self-other distinction abilities link social and sensory everyday problems? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:273-282. [PMID: 27613781 PMCID: PMC5390705 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Next to social problems, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report severe sensory difficulties. Altered processing of touch is however a stronger mediator of social symptoms' severity than altered processing of for instance vision or audition. Why is this the case? We reasoned that sensory difficulties may be linked to social problems in ASD through insufficient self-other distinction centred on touch. We investigated by means of EEG whether the brain of adults with ASD adequately signals when a tactile consequence of an observed action does not match own touch, as compared to the brain of matched controls. We employed the action-based somatosensory congruency paradigm. Participants observed a human or wooden hand touching a surface, combined with a tap-like tactile sensation that either matched or mismatched the tactile consequence of the observed movement. The ASD group showed a diminished congruency effect for human hands only in the P3-complex, suggesting difficulties with signalling observed action-based touch of others that does not match own touch experiences. Crucially, this effect reliably correlated with self-reported social and sensory everyday difficulties in ASD. The findings might denote a novel theoretical link between sensory and social impairments in the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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153
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Becker L, Smith D, Schenk T. Investigating the familiarity effect in texture segmentation by means of event-related brain potentials. Vision Res 2017; 140:120-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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154
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Troche SJ, Merks S, Houlihan ME, Rammsayer TH. On the relation between mental ability and speed of information processing in the Hick task: An analysis of behavioral and electrophysiological speed measures. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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155
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Harper J, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Theta- and delta-band EEG network dynamics during a novelty oddball task. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1590-1605. [PMID: 28580687 PMCID: PMC5638675 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While the P3 component during target detection and novelty processing has been widely studied, less is known about its underlying network dynamics. A recent cognitive model suggests that frontal-parietal and frontal-temporal interregional connectivity are related to attention/action selection and target-related memory updating during the P3, respectively, but empirical work testing this model is lacking. Other work suggests the importance of theta- and delta-band connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and distributed cortical regions during attention, stimulus detection, and response selection processes, and similar dynamics may underlie P3-related network connectivity. The present study evaluated the functional connectivity elicited during a visual task, which combined oddball target and novelty stimuli, in a sample of 231 same-sex twins. It was hypothesized that both target and novel conditions would involve theta frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal theta power, but that target stimuli would elicit the strongest frontotemporal connectivity. EEG time-frequency analysis revealed greater theta-band frontoparietal connectivity and medial frontal power during both target and novel conditions compared to standards, which may index conflict/uncertainty resolution processes. Theta-band frontotemporal connectivity was maximal during the target condition, potentially reflecting context updating or stimulus-response activation. Delta-band frontocentral-parietal connectivity was also strongest following targets, which may be sensitive to response-related demands. These results suggest the existence of functional networks related to P3 that are differentially engaged by target oddballs and novel distractors. Compared to simple P3 amplitude, network measures may provide a more nuanced view of the neural dynamics during target detection/novelty processing in normative and pathological populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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156
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Getzmann S, Wascher E, Schneider D. The role of inhibition for working memory processes: ERP evidence from a short-term storage task. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13026. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
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157
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Gratton G, Cooper P, Fabiani M, Carter CS, Karayanidis F. Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gratton
- Department of Psychology and Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana Illinois USA
| | - Patrick Cooper
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Department of Psychology and Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana Illinois USA
| | - Cameron S. Carter
- Departments of Psychiatry and PsychologyUniversity of California–DavisDavis California USA
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle New South Wales Australia
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158
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Attending to multiple objects relies on both feature- and dimension-based control mechanisms: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Atten Percept Psychophys 2017; 78:2079-89. [PMID: 27299342 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous everyday search tasks require humans to attentionally select and temporally store more than one object present in the visual environment. Recently, several enumeration studies sought to isolate the mechanisms underlying multiple object processing by means of electrophysiological measures, which led to a more fine-grained picture as to which processing stages are modulated by object numerosity. One critical limitation that most of these studies share is that they used stimulus designs in which multiple targets were exclusively defined by the same feature value. Accordingly, it remains an open issue whether these findings generalize to search scenarios in which multiple targets are physically not identical. To systematically address this issue, we introduced three target context conditions in which multiple targets were defined randomly by (1) the same feature (sF), (2) different features within the same dimension (dFsD), or (3) different features across dimensions (dD). Our findings revealed that participants' ability to enumerate multiple targets was remarkably influenced by inter-target relationships, with fastest responses for sF trials, slowest responses for dD trials, and responses of intermediate speed for dFsD trials. Our electrophysiological analyses disclosed that one source of this response slowing was feature-based and originated from the stage of attentional selection (as indexed by PCN waves), whereas another source was dimension-based and associated with working memory processes (as indexed by P3b waves). Overall, our results point to a significant role of physical inter-target relationships in multiple object processing-a factor that has been largely neglected in most studies on enumeration.
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159
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Gohil K, Bluschke A, Roessner V, Stock A, Beste C. Sensory processes modulate differences in multi-component behavior and cognitive control between childhood and adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4933-4945. [PMID: 28660637 PMCID: PMC6867046 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many everyday tasks require executive functions to achieve a certain goal. Quite often, this requires the integration of information derived from different sensory modalities. Children are less likely to integrate information from different modalities and, at the same time, also do not command fully developed executive functions, as compared to adults. Yet still, the role of developmental age-related effects on multisensory integration processes has not been examined within the context of multicomponent behavior until now (i.e., the concatenation of different executive subprocesses). This is problematic because differences in multisensory integration might actually explain a significant amount of the developmental effects that have traditionally been attributed to changes in executive functioning. In a system, neurophysiological approach combining electroencephaloram (EEG) recordings and source localization analyses, we therefore examined this question. The results show that differences in how children and adults accomplish multicomponent behavior do not solely depend on developmental differences in executive functioning. Instead, the observed developmental differences in response selection processes (reflected by the P3 ERP) were largely dependent on the complexity of integrating temporally separated stimuli from different modalities. This effect was related to activation differences in medial frontal and inferior parietal cortices. Primary perceptual gating or attentional selection processes (P1 and N1 ERPs) were not affected. The results show that differences in multisensory integration explain parts of transformations in cognitive processes between childhood and adulthood that have traditionally been attributed to changes in executive functioning, especially when these require the integration of multiple modalities during response selection. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4933-4945, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Gohil
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Cognitive NeurophysiologyGermany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Cognitive NeurophysiologyGermany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Cognitive NeurophysiologyGermany
| | - Ann‐Kathrin Stock
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Cognitive NeurophysiologyGermany
| | - Christian Beste
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Cognitive NeurophysiologyGermany
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
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160
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Zhang R, Stock AK, Rzepus A, Beste C. Self-Regulatory Capacities Are Depleted in a Domain-Specific Manner. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:70. [PMID: 29033798 PMCID: PMC5625007 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing an act of self-regulation such as making decisions has been suggested to deplete a common limited resource, which impairs all subsequent self-regulatory actions (ego depletion theory). It has however remained unclear whether self-referred decisions truly impair behavioral control even in seemingly unrelated cognitive domains, and which neurophysiological mechanisms are affected by these potential depletion effects. In the current study, we therefore used an inter-individual design to compare two kinds of depletion, namely a self-referred choice-based depletion and a categorization-based switching depletion, to a non-depleted control group. We used a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm to assess the effects of depletion on task switching and associated inhibition processes. It was combined with EEG and source localization techniques to assess both behavioral and neurophysiological depletion effects. The results challenge the ego depletion theory in its current form: Opposing the theory’s prediction of a general limited resource, which should have yielded comparable effects in both depletion groups, or maybe even a larger depletion in the self-referred choice group, there were stronger performance impairments following a task domain-specific depletion (i.e., the switching-based depletion) than following a depletion based on self-referred choices. This suggests at least partly separate and independent resources for various cognitive control processes rather than just one joint resource for all self-regulation activities. The implications are crucial to consider for people making frequent far-reaching decisions e.g., in law or economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anneka Rzepus
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
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161
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Temporal and spectral dynamics underlying cognitive control modulated by task-irrelevant stimulus-response learning. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:158-173. [PMID: 27752940 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and recent neuroimaging findings have shown reversal of interference effects due to manipulating proportion congruency (PC), which suggests that task-irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened and applied to predict responses. However, it is unclear how the strengthened S-R associations are represented and applied in the brain. We investigated with a between-subjects PC paradigm of the Hedge and Marsh task using electroencephalography (EEG). The behavioral results showed the reversal of the conflict effects, suggesting that task-irrelevant S-R associations were strengthened and used to prepare responses. The EEG results revealed the PC-related reversal of the conflict effects in the frontocentral N2 and parietal P3b amplitudes. Time-frequency analyses showed more pronounced PC-related reversal of the conflict effects in theta band (4-8 Hz) activity in frontocentral sites. These results suggest that the strengthened S-R associations due to PC manipulation modulated cognitive control. Importantly, the amplitude of lateralized readiness potential was higher in the high-PC condition than in the low-PC condition, suggesting that the strengthened short-term-memory spatial S-R associations that modulated cognitive control were applied similarly to long-term-memory spatial S-R associations.
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162
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Ortiz-Tudela J, Martín-Arévalo E, Chica AB, Lupiáñez J. Semantic incongruity attracts attention at a pre-conscious level: Evidence from a TMS study. Cortex 2017; 102:96-106. [PMID: 28969900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unpredicted objects, i.e., those that do not fit in a specific context, have been shown to quickly attract attention as a mean of extracting more information about potentially relevant items. Whether the required semantic processing triggering the attraction of attention can occur independently of participants' awareness of the object is still a highly debated topic. In the present study we make use of a change detection task in which we manipulate the semantic congruity between the to-be-detected object and the background scene. We applied inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right temporo-parietal junction (right TPJ) and a control location (vertex) to test the causal role of the former in the processing of objects at a pre-conscious level. Our results clearly show that semantic congruity can impact detection and identification processes in opposite ways, even when low-level features are controlled for. Incongruent objects are quickly detected but poorly identified. rTMS over the right TPJ effectively diminishes semantic effects on object detection. These results suggest that at least some high order category processing takes place before conscious detection to direct attention towards the most informative regions of space. Moreover, rTMS over right TPJ also impacts object identification, which calls for a re-evaluation of right TPJ's role on object processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortiz-Tudela
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Martín-Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Ana B Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
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163
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Stock AK, Dajkic D, Köhling HL, von Heinegg EH, Fiedler M, Beste C. Humans with latent toxoplasmosis display altered reward modulation of cognitive control. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10170. [PMID: 28860577 PMCID: PMC5579228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii has repeatedly been shown to be associated with behavioral changes that are commonly attributed to a presumed increase in dopaminergic signaling. Yet, virtually nothing is known about its effects on dopamine-driven reward processing. We therefore assessed behavior and event-related potentials in individuals with vs. without latent toxoplasmosis performing a rewarded control task. The data show that otherwise healthy young adults with latent toxoplasmosis show a greatly diminished response to monetary rewards as compared to their non-infected counterparts. While this selective effect eliminated a toxoplasmosis-induced speed advantage previously observed for non-rewarded behavior, Toxo-positive subjects could still be demonstrated to be superior to Toxo-negative subjects with respect to response accuracy. Event-related potential (ERP) and source localization analyses revealed that this advantage during rewarded behavior was based on increased allocation of processing resources reflected by larger visual late positive component (LPC) amplitudes and associated activity changes in the right temporo-parietal junction (BA40) and left auditory cortex (BA41). Taken together, individuals with latent toxoplasmosis show superior behavioral performance in challenging cognitive control situations but may at the same time have a reduced sensitivity towards motivational effects of rewards, which might be explained by the presumed increase in dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstr. 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Danica Dajkic
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstr. 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hedda Luise Köhling
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Heintschel von Heinegg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Fiedler
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstr. 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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164
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Wichary S, Magnuski M, Oleksy T, Brzezicka A. Neural Signatures of Rational and Heuristic Choice Strategies: A Single Trial ERP Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:401. [PMID: 28867996 PMCID: PMC5563328 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In multi-attribute choice, people use heuristics to simplify decision problems. We studied the use of heuristic and rational strategies and their electrophysiological correlates. Since previous work linked the P3 ERP component to attention and decision making, we were interested whether the amplitude of this component is associated with decision strategy use. To this end, we recorded EEG when participants performed a two-alternative choice task, where they could acquire decision cues in a sequential manner and use them to make choices. We classified participants’ choices as consistent with a rational Weighted Additive rule (WADD) or a simple heuristic Take The Best (TTB). Participants differed in their preference for WADD and TTB. Using a permutation-based single trial approach, we analyzed EEG responses to consecutive decision cues and their relation to the individual strategy preference. The preference for WADD over TTB was associated with overall higher signal amplitudes to decision cues in the P3 time window. Moreover, the preference for WADD was associated with similar P3 amplitudes to consecutive cues, whereas the preference for TTB was associated with substantial decreases in P3 amplitudes to consecutive cues. We also found that the preference for TTB was associated with enhanced N1 component to cues that discriminated decision alternatives, suggesting very early attention allocation to such cues by TTB users. Our results suggest that preference for either WADD or TTB has an early neural signature reflecting differences in attentional weighting of decision cues. In light of recent findings and hypotheses regarding P3, we interpret these results as indicating the involvement of catecholamine arousal systems in shaping predecisional information processing and strategy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Wichary
- Center for Research in Economic Behavior, Wrocław Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWrocław, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Magnuski
- Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Psychology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los AngelesCA, United States
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165
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Zhao S, Wang Y, Jia L, Feng C, Liao Y, Feng W. Pre-coincidence brain activity predicts the perceptual outcome of streaming/bouncing motion display. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8832. [PMID: 28821774 PMCID: PMC5562831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When two identical visual discs move toward each other on a two-dimensional visual display, they can be perceived as either "streaming through" or "bouncing off" each other after their coincidence. Previous studies have observed a strong bias toward the streaming percept. Additionally, the incidence of the bouncing percept in this ambiguous display could be increased by various factors, such as a brief sound at the moment of coincidence and a momentary pause of the two discs. The streaming/bouncing bistable motion phenomenon has been studied intensively since its discovery. However, little is known regarding the neural basis underling the perceptual ambiguity in the classic version of the streaming/bouncing motion display. The present study investigated the neural basis of the perception disambiguating underling the processing of the streaming/bouncing bistable motion display using event-related potential (ERP) recordings. Surprisingly, the amplitude of frontal central P2 (220-260 ms) that was elicited by the moving discs ~200 ms before the coincidence of the two discs was observed to be predictive of subsequent streaming or bouncing percept. A larger P2 amplitude was observed for streaming percept than the bouncing percept. These findings suggest that the streaming/bouncing bistable perception may have been disambiguated unconsciously ~200 ms before the coincidence of the two discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Education, School of Humanities, Jiang Nan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chengzhi Feng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu Liao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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166
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Brandt VC, Stock AK, Münchau A, Beste C. Evidence for enhanced multi-component behaviour in Tourette syndrome - an EEG study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7722. [PMID: 28798371 PMCID: PMC5552788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Tourette syndrome is characterized by an increase in dopamine transmission and structural as well as functional changes in fronto-striatal circuits that might lead to enhanced multi-component behaviour integration. Behavioural and neurophysiological data regarding multi-component behaviour was collected from 15 patients with Tourette syndrome (mean age = 30.40 ± 11.10) and 15 healthy controls (27.07 ± 5.44), using the stop-change task. In this task, participants are asked to sometimes withhold responses to a Go stimulus (stop cue) and change hands to respond to an alternative Go stimulus (change cue). Different onset asynchronies between stop and change cues were implemented (0 and 300 ms) in order to vary task difficulty. Tourette patients responded more accurately than healthy controls when there was no delay between stop and change stimulus, while there was no difference in the 300 ms delay condition. This performance advantage was reflected in a smaller P3 event related potential. Enhanced multi-component behaviour in Tourette syndrome is likely based on an enhanced ability to integrate information from multiple sources and translate it into an appropriate response sequence. This may be a consequence of chronic tic control in these patients, or a known fronto-striatal networks hyperconnectivity in Tourette syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Brandt
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, Center for Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, Center for Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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167
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Provost A, Jamadar S, Heathcote A, Brown SD, Karayanidis F. Intertrial RT variability affects level of target‐related interference in cued task switching. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Provost
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Sharna Jamadar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionCanberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourne Victoria Australia
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Science, Monash UniversityMelbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew Heathcote
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
- Division of Psychology, School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Scott D. Brown
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of NewcastleCallaghan New South Wales Australia
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168
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Stock AK, Gohil K, Huster RJ, Beste C. On the effects of multimodal information integration in multitasking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4927. [PMID: 28687804 PMCID: PMC5501795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There have recently been considerable advances in our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying multitasking, but the role of multimodal integration for this faculty has remained rather unclear. We examined this issue by comparing different modality combinations in a multitasking (stop-change) paradigm. In-depth neurophysiological analyses of event-related potentials (ERPs) were conducted to complement the obtained behavioral data. Specifically, we applied signal decomposition using second order blind identification (SOBI) to the multi-subject ERP data and source localization. We found that both general multimodal information integration and modality-specific aspects (potentially related to task difficulty) modulate behavioral performance and associated neurophysiological correlates. Simultaneous multimodal input generally increased early attentional processing of visual stimuli (i.e. P1 and N1 amplitudes) as well as measures of cognitive effort and conflict (i.e. central P3 amplitudes). Yet, tactile-visual input caused larger impairments in multitasking than audio-visual input. General aspects of multimodal information integration modulated the activity in the premotor cortex (BA 6) as well as different visual association areas concerned with the integration of visual information with input from other modalities (BA 19, BA 21, BA 37). On top of this, differences in the specific combination of modalities also affected performance and measures of conflict/effort originating in prefrontal regions (BA 6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.
| | - Krutika Gohil
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - René J Huster
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.,Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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169
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Gohil K, Bluschke A, Roessner V, Stock AK, Beste C. ADHD patients fail to maintain task goals in face of subliminally and consciously induced cognitive conflicts. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1771-1783. [PMID: 28343454 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have been reported to display deficits in action control processes. While it is known that subliminally and consciously induced conflicts interact and conjointly modulate action control in healthy subjects, this has never been investigated for ADHD. METHOD We investigated the (potential) interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts in children with ADHD and matched healthy controls using neuropsychological methods (event-related potentials; ERPs) to identify the involved cognitive sub-processes. RESULTS Unlike healthy controls, ADHD patients showed no interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts. Instead, they only showed additive effects as their behavioural performance (accuracy) was equally impaired by each conflict and they showed no signs of task-goal shielding even in cases of low conflict load. Of note, this difference between ADHD and controls was not rooted in early bottom-up attentional stimulus processing as reflected by the P1 and N1 ERPs. Instead, ADHD showed either no or reversed modulations of conflict-related processes and response selection as reflected by the N2 and P3 ERPs. CONCLUSION There are fundamental differences in the architecture of cognitive control which might be of use for future diagnostic procedures. Unlike healthy controls, ADHD patients do not seem to be endowed with a threshold which allows them to maintain high behavioural performance in the face of low conflict load. ADHD patients seem to lack sufficient top-down attentional resources to maintain correct response selection in the face of conflicts by shielding the response selection process from response tendencies evoked by any kind of distractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gohil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Cognitive Neurophysiology,Faculty of Medicine of the TU,Dresden,Germany
| | - A Bluschke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Cognitive Neurophysiology,Faculty of Medicine of the TU,Dresden,Germany
| | - V Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Cognitive Neurophysiology,Faculty of Medicine of the TU,Dresden,Germany
| | - A-K Stock
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Cognitive Neurophysiology,Faculty of Medicine of the TU,Dresden,Germany
| | - C Beste
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Cognitive Neurophysiology,Faculty of Medicine of the TU,Dresden,Germany
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170
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Kornmeier J, Friedel E, Wittmann M, Atmanspacher H. EEG correlates of cognitive time scales in the Necker-Zeno model for bistable perception. Conscious Cogn 2017; 53:136-150. [PMID: 28666186 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Necker-Zeno model of bistable perception provides a formal relation between the average duration of meta-stable percepts (dwell times T) of ambiguous figures and two other basic time scales (t0, ΔT) underlying cognitive processing. The model predicts that dwell times T covary with t0, ΔT or both. We tested this prediction by exploiting that observers, in particular experienced meditators, can volitionally control dwell times T. Meditators and non-meditators observed bistable Necker cubes either passively or tried to hold their current percept. The latencies of a centro-parietal event-related potential (CPP) were recorded as a physiological correlate of t0. Dwell times T and the CPP latencies, correlated with t0, differed between conditions and observer groups, while ΔT remained constant in the range predicted by the model. The covariation of CPP latencies and dwell times, as well as their quadratic functional dependence extends previous psychophysical confirmation of the Necker-Zeno model to psychophysiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kornmeier
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Wilhelmstraße 3a, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Mental Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Eye Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - E Friedel
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Wilhelmstraße 3a, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Mental Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Eye Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Wilhelmstraße 3a, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Atmanspacher
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Wilhelmstraße 3a, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; Collegium Helveticum, Schmelzbergstraße 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; University of Zürich, Rämistraße 71, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Rämistraße 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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171
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Abstract
There is an ongoing debate whether the P600 event-related potential component following syntactic anomalies reflects syntactic processes per se, or if it is an instance of the P300, a domain-general ERP component associated with attention and cognitive reorientation. A direct comparison of both components is challenging because of the huge discrepancy in experimental designs and stimulus choice between language and 'classic' P300 experiments. In the present study, we develop a new approach to mimic the interplay of sequential position as well as categorical and relational information in natural language syntax (word category and agreement) in a non-linguistic target detection paradigm using musical instruments. Participants were instructed to (covertly) detect target tones which were defined by instrument change and pitch rise between subsequent tones at the last two positions of four-tone sequences. We analysed the EEG using event-related averaging and time-frequency decomposition. Our results show striking similarities to results obtained from linguistic experiments. We found a P300 that showed sensitivity to sequential position and a late positivity sensitive to stimulus type and position. A time-frequency decomposition revealed significant effects of sequential position on the theta band and a significant influence of stimulus type on the delta band. Our results suggest that the detection of non-linguistic targets defined via complex feature conjunctions in the present study and the detection of syntactic anomalies share the same underlying processes: attentional shift and memory based matching processes that act upon multi-feature conjunctions. We discuss the results as supporting domain-general accounts of the P600 during natural language comprehension.
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172
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Elke S, Wiebe SA. Proactive control in early and middle childhood: An ERP study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 26:28-38. [PMID: 28436833 PMCID: PMC6987837 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Children experience important cognitive control improvements in the transition to school. This study examined 4–5-year-olds’ (n = 17) and 7–8-year-olds’ (n = 22) ability to proactively deploy cognitive control. Children performed a cued task-switching paradigm presenting them with a cue indicating which attribute, color or shape, they should use to sort the upcoming stimulus. Following both cue and stimulus, we analyzed two event-related potentials: the P2 and P3, positive peaks reflecting sensory and attentional components of cognitive control, respectively. Following the cue, we also analyzed a positive slow-wave, indexing working memory engagement. We predicted that on switch trials, which required switching tasks, proactive control would result in larger cue-P3 amplitudes, reflecting recognition of the need to switch, and larger slow-wave amplitudes, reflecting maintenance of the new task-sets over the post-cue delay. This pattern was observed in both age groups. At the stimulus, in switch trials, both age groups had shorter stimulus-P2 latencies, consistent with processing facilitation. These results suggest that both 4–5- and 7–8-year-olds engaged cognitive control proactively. Older children, however, demonstrated better performance and larger cue-P2 amplitudes, suggesting more effective proactive control engagement in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elke
- University of Alberta, P217 Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Sandra A Wiebe
- University of Alberta, P217 Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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173
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Exploiting the intra-subject latency variability from single-trial event-related potentials in the P3 time range: A review and comparative evaluation of methods. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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174
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Barceló F, Cooper PS. An information theory account of late frontoparietal ERP positivities in cognitive control. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barceló
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology; University of the Balearic Islands; Mallorca Spain
| | - Patrick S. Cooper
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology; University of Newcastle; Callaghan Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health; University of Newcastle; Callaghan Australia
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175
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Karamacoska D, Barry RJ, Steiner GZ. Resting state intrinsic EEG impacts on go stimulus‐response processes. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:894-903. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karamacoska
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of PsychologyUniversity of WollongongWollongong Australia
| | - Robert J. Barry
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of PsychologyUniversity of WollongongWollongong Australia
| | - Genevieve Z. Steiner
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of PsychologyUniversity of WollongongWollongong Australia
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney UniversityPenrith Australia
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176
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Gajewski PD, Freude G, Falkenstein M. Cognitive Training Sustainably Improves Executive Functioning in Middle-Aged Industry Workers Assessed by Task Switching: A Randomized Controlled ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:81. [PMID: 28275347 PMCID: PMC5319973 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported results of a cross-sectional study investigating executive functions in dependence of aging and type of work. That study showed deficits in performance and electrophysiological activity in middle-aged workers with long-term repetitive and unchallenging work. Based on these findings, we conducted a longitudinal study that aimed at ameliorating these cognitive deficits by means of a trainer-guided cognitive training (CT) in 57 further middle-aged workers with repetitive type of work from the same factory. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trail with pre- (t1), post- (t2), and a 3-month follow-up (t3) measure. The waiting control group was trained between t2 and t3. The training lasted 3 months (20 sessions) and was evaluated with the same task switching paradigm used in the previous cross-sectional study. The CT improved performance in accuracy at the behavioral level and affected the electrophysiological correlates of retrieval of stimulus-response sets (P2), response selection (N2), and error detection (Ne), thus unveiling the neuronal background of the behavioral effects. The same training effects were observed in the waiting control group after CT at t3. Moreover, at t3, most of the behavioral and electrophysiological training-induced changes were found stable. Hence, CT appears to be an important intervention for compensating cognitive deficits in executive functions in middle-aged employees with cognitively unchallenging work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Gajewski
- Ageing Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriele Freude
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Ageing Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of DortmundDortmund, Germany; Institute for Working, Learning and AgingBochum, Germany
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177
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Metzger BA, Mathewson KE, Tapia E, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Beck DM. Regulating the Access to Awareness: Brain Activity Related to Probe-related and Spontaneous Reversals in Binocular Rivalry. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:1089-1102. [PMID: 28195526 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has implicated an assortment of brain regions, ERP components, and network properties associated with visual awareness. Recently, the P3b ERP component has emerged as a leading NCC candidate. However, typical P3b paradigms depend on the detection of some stimulus change, making it difficult to separate brain processes elicited by the stimulus itself from those associated with updates or changes in visual awareness. Here we used binocular rivalry to ask whether the P3b is associated with changes in awareness even in the absence of changes in the object of awareness. We recorded ERPs during a probe-mediated binocular rivalry paradigm in which brief probes were presented over the image in either the suppressed or dominant eye to determine whether the elicited P3b activity is probe or reversal related. We found that the timing of P3b (but not its amplitude) was closely related to the timing of the report of a perceptual change rather than to the onset of the probe. This is consistent with the proposal that P3b indexes updates in conscious awareness, rather than being related to stimulus processing per se. Conversely, the probe-related P1 amplitude (but not its latency) was associated with reversal latency, suggesting that the degree to which the probe is processed increases the likelihood of a fast perceptual reversal. Finally, the response-locked P3b amplitude (but not its latency) was associated with the duration of an intermediate stage between reversals in which parts of both percepts coexist (piecemeal period). Together, the data suggest that the P3b reflects an update in consciousness and that the intensity of that process (as indexed by P3b amplitude) predicts how immediate that update is.
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178
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Blocking effects in non-conditioned goal-directed behaviour. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2807-2818. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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179
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Te Woerd ES, Oostenveld R, de Lange FP, Praamstra P. Impaired auditory-to-motor entrainment in Parkinson's disease. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:1853-1864. [PMID: 28179479 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00547.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several electrophysiological studies suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a reduced tendency to entrain to regular environmental patterns. Here we investigate whether this reduced entrainment concerns a generalized deficit or is confined to movement-related activity, leaving sensory entrainment intact. Magnetoencephalography was recorded during a rhythmic auditory target detection task in 14 PD patients and 14 control subjects. Participants were instructed to press a button when hearing a target tone amid an isochronous sequence of standard tones. The variable pitch of standard tones indicated the probability of the next tone to be a target. In addition, targets were occasionally omitted to evaluate entrainment uncontaminated by stimulus effects. Response times were not significantly different between groups and both groups benefited equally from the predictive value of standard tones. Analyses of oscillatory beta power over auditory cortices showed equal entrainment to the tones in both groups. By contrast, oscillatory beta power and event-related fields demonstrated a reduced engagement of motor cortical areas in PD patients, expressed in the modulation depth of beta power, in the response to omitted stimuli, and in an absent motor area P300 effect. Together, these results show equally strong entrainment of neural activity over sensory areas in controls and patients, but, in patients, a deficient translation of the adjustment to the task rhythm to motor circuits. We suggest that the reduced activation reflects not merely altered resonance to rhythmic external events, but a compromised recruitment of an endogenous response reflecting internal rhythm generation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies suggest that motor cortical activity in PD patients has a reduced tendency to entrain to regular environmental patterns. This study demonstrates that the deficient entrainment in PD concerns the motor system only, by showing equally strong entrainment of neural activity over sensory areas in controls and patients but, in patients, a deficient translation of this adjustment to the task rhythm to motor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Te Woerd
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Dept. of Neurology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P de Lange
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Praamstra
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Dept. of Neurology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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180
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Abstract
Perception of face parts on the basis of features is thought to be different from perception of whole faces, which is more based on configural information. Face context is also suggested to play an important role in face processing. To investigate how face context influences the early-stage perception of facial local parts, we used an oddball paradigm that tested perceptual stages of face processing rather than recognition. We recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by whole faces and face parts presented in four conditions (upright-normal, upright-thatcherised, inverted-normal and inverted-thatcherised), as well as the ERPs elicited by non-face objects (whole houses and house parts) with corresponding conditions. The results showed that face context significantly affected the N170 with increased amplitudes and earlier peak latency for upright normal faces. Removing face context delayed the P1 latency but did not affect the P1 amplitude prominently for both upright and inverted normal faces. Across all conditions, neither the N170 nor the P1 was modulated by house context. The significant changes on the N170 and P1 components revealed that face context influences local part processing at the early stage of face processing and this context effect might be specific for face perception. We further suggested that perceptions of whole faces and face parts are functionally distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Mathematics, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaoru Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- School of Education, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China; Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Yiran Sunny Electronic Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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181
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Walsh MM, Gunzelmann G, Anderson JR. Relationship of P3b single-trial latencies and response times in one, two, and three-stimulus oddball tasks. Biol Psychol 2017; 123:47-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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182
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Cui T, Wang PP, Liu S, Zhang X. P300 amplitude and latency in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:177-190. [PMID: 27299750 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Evidence suggests that ASD patients have abnormalities in information processing. Event-related potential (ERP) technique can directly record brain neural activity in real time. P300 is a positive ERP component which can measure the neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of human beings and has the potential to discover the pathological mechanism of ASD. However, P300 studies on ASD patients are incongruent and the disparities may be caused by several factors. By searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, a meta-analysis of P300 component difference between ASD group and typically developed (TD) control group was conducted. Results of amplitude and latency of P3b and P3a from included studies were synthesized. Random effect model was chosen and standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated. Subgroup analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity and to test the effect of different experiment factors. A total of 407 ASD patients and 457 TD controls from 32 studies were included in this analysis. Reduced amplitude of P3b was found in ASD group (SMD = -0.505, 95 % CI -0.873, -0.138) compared with TD group, but no difference of P3b latency, P3a amplitude, or P3a latency was found between groups. Subgroup analysis showed that oddball paradigm elicited attenuated P3b amplitude in Pz electrode among ASD subjects. This meta-analysis suggests ASD patients have abnormalities in P300 component, which may represent for deficits in cognition, attention orientation and working memory processing, particularly in the decision-making processing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Cui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peizhong Peter Wang
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Shengxin Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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183
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Mijović P, Ković V, De Vos M, Mačužić I, Todorović P, Jeremić B, Gligorijević I. Towards continuous and real-time attention monitoring at work: reaction time versus brain response. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:241-254. [PMID: 26772445 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1142121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and objective measurement of the user attention state still represents a major challenge in the ergonomics research. Recently available wearable electroencephalography (EEG) opens new opportunities for objective and continuous evaluation of operators' attention, which may provide a new paradigm in ergonomics. In this study, wearable EEG was recorded during simulated assembly operation, with the aim to analyse P300 event-related potential component, which provides reliable information on attention processing. In parallel, reaction times (RTs) were recorded and the correlation between these two attention-related modalities was investigated. Negative correlation between P300 amplitudes and RTs has been observed on the group level (p < .001). However, on the individual level, the obtained correlations were not consistent. As a result, we propose the P300 amplitude for accurate attention monitoring in ergonomics research. On the other hand, no significant correlation between RTs and P300 latency was found on group, neither on individual level. Practitioner Summary: Ergonomic studies of assembly operations mainly investigated physical aspects, while mental states of the assemblers were not sufficiently addressed. Presented study aims at attention tracking, using realistic workplace replica. It is shown that drops in attention could be successfully traced only by direct brainwave observation, using wireless electroencephalographic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Mijović
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department for Production Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Vanja Ković
- b Faculty of Philosophy, Department for Psychology , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Maarten De Vos
- c Department of Engineering , Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Ivan Mačužić
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department for Production Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Petar Todorović
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department for Production Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Branislav Jeremić
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department for Production Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Ivan Gligorijević
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department for Production Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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184
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Schneider D, Barth A, Getzmann S, Wascher E. On the neural mechanisms underlying the protective function of retroactive cuing against perceptual interference: Evidence by event-related potentials of the EEG. Biol Psychol 2017; 124:47-56. [PMID: 28115199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This EEG study investigated the protective effect of retroactive attentional focusing on working memory. To this effect, we used a visuo-spatial working memory task and presented block-wise distractor displays after working memory contents had been updated by means of a retroactive cue (retro-cue). Retroactive attention attenuated the interfering effect of distractors on memory precision. The reduction of working memory load by means of a selective retro-cue was reflected by a decline of a negative slow wave over parietal sites. Posterior N1 to the distractor was reduced following a selective retro-cue compared to a neutral retro-cue condition, most notably at left hemispheric sites. P3b referred to the distractor was suppressed completely only following a selective retro-cue. This suggests that focusing on only a subset of visuo-spatial information represented in working memory releases cognitive resources for preventing the in-depth processing of subsequently irrelevant visual events, thereby inhibiting their transfer into working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneider
- Leibniz Research Centre of Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anna Barth
- Leibniz Research Centre of Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre of Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre of Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Germany
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185
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Ligeza TS, Tymorek AD, Wyczesany M. Top-down and bottom-up competition in visual stimuli processing. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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186
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Leftward bias in orienting to and disengaging attention from salient task-irrelevant events in rapid serial visual presentation. Neuropsychologia 2017; 94:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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187
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The influence of action observation on action execution: Dissociating the contribution of action on perception, perception on action, and resolving conflict. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 17:381-393. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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188
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Wilbiks JMP, Dyson BJ. The Dynamics and Neural Correlates of Audio-Visual Integration Capacity as Determined by Temporal Unpredictability, Proactive Interference, and SOA. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168304. [PMID: 27977790 PMCID: PMC5158043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5 experiments, we challenge the idea that the capacity of audio-visual integration need be fixed at 1 item. We observe that the conditions under which audio-visual integration is most likely to exceed 1 occur when stimulus change operates at a slow rather than fast rate of presentation and when the task is of intermediate difficulty such as when low levels of proactive interference (3 rather than 8 interfering visual presentations) are combined with the temporal unpredictability of the critical frame (Experiment 2), or, high levels of proactive interference are combined with the temporal predictability of the critical frame (Experiment 4). Neural data suggest that capacity might also be determined by the quality of perceptual information entering working memory. Experiment 5 supported the proposition that audio-visual integration was at play during the previous experiments. The data are consistent with the dynamic nature usually associated with cross-modal binding, and while audio-visual integration capacity likely cannot exceed uni-modal capacity estimates, performance may be better than being able to associate only one visual stimulus with one auditory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. P. Wilbiks
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Dyson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
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189
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Subliminally and consciously induced cognitive conflicts interact at several processing levels. Cortex 2016; 85:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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190
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Is P3 a strategic or a tactical component? Relationships of P3 sub-components to response times in oddball tasks with go, no-go and choice responses. Neuroimage 2016; 143:223-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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191
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Tusch ES, Alperin BR, Ryan E, Holcomb PJ, Mohammed AH, Daffner KR. Changes in Neural Activity Underlying Working Memory after Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:255. [PMID: 27877122 PMCID: PMC5099139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) may counter the impact of aging on cognition, but both the efficacy and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CCT remain controversial. In this study, 35 older individuals were randomly assigned to Cogmed adaptive working memory (WM) CCT or an active control CCT, featuring five weeks of five ∼40 min sessions per week. Before and after the 5-week intervention, event-related potentials were measured while subjects completed a visual n-back task with three levels of demand (0-back, 1-back, 2-back). The anterior P3a served as an index of directing attention and the posterior P3b as an index of categorization/WM updating. We hypothesized that adaptive CCT would be associated with decreased P3 amplitude at low WM demand and increased P3 amplitude at high WM demand. The adaptive CCT group exhibited a training-related increase in the amplitude of the anterior P3a and posterior P3b in response to target stimuli across n-back tasks, while subjects in the active control CCT group demonstrated a post-training decrease in the anterior P3a. Performance did not differ between groups or sessions. Larger overall P3 amplitudes were strongly associated with better task performance. Increased post-CCT P3 amplitude correlated with improved task performance; this relationship was especially robust at high task load. Our findings suggest that adaptive WM training was associated with increased orienting of attention, as indexed by the P3a, and the enhancement of categorization/WM updating processes, as indexed by the P3b. Increased P3 amplitude was linked to improved performance; however. there was no direct association between adaptive training and improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich S. Tusch
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | - Brittany R. Alperin
- Department of Psychology, Oregon Health and Science University, PortlandOR, USA
| | - Eliza Ryan
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | | | - Abdul H. Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus UniversityVäxjö, Sweden
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
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192
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Reconstructing ERP amplitude effects after compensating for trial-to-trial latency jitter: A solution based on a novel application of residue iteration decomposition. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 109:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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193
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Demiral ŞB, Gambi C, Nieuwland MS, Pickering MJ. Neural correlates of verbal joint action: ERPs reveal common perception and action systems in a shared-Stroop task. Brain Res 2016; 1649:79-89. [PMID: 27553631 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent social-cognitive research suggests that the anticipation of co-actors' actions influences people's mental representations. However, the precise nature of such representations is still unclear. In this study we investigated verbal joint representations in a delayed Stroop paradigm, where each participant responded to one color after a short delay. Participants either performed the task as a single actor (single-action, Experiment 1), or they performed it together (joint-action, Experiment 2). We investigated effects of co-actors' actions on the ERP components associated with perceptual conflict (Go N2) and response selection (P3b). Compared to single-action, joint-action reduced the N2 amplitude congruency effect when participants had to respond (Go trials), indicating that representing a co-actor's utterance helped to dissociate action codes and attenuated perceptual conflict for the responding participant. Yet, on NoGo trials the centro-parietal P3 (P3b) component amplitude increased for joint-action, suggesting that participants mapped the stimuli onto the co-actor's upcoming response as if it were their own response. We conclude that people represent others' utterances similarly to the way they represent their own utterances, and that shared perception-action codes for self and others can sometimes reduce, rather than enhance, perceptual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Barış Demiral
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, B2L124, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Chiara Gambi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Mante S Nieuwland
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Martin J Pickering
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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194
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Elchlepp H, Verbruggen F. How to withhold or replace a prepotent response: An analysis of the underlying control processes and their temporal dynamics. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:250-268. [PMID: 27756580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study isolated and compared ERP components associated with flexible behavior in two action-control tasks. The 'withhold' groups had to withhold all responses when a signal appeared. The 'change' groups had to replace a prepotent go response with a different response on signal trials. We proposed that the same chain of processes determined the effectiveness of action control in both tasks. Consistent with this idea, lateral (Experiment 1) and central (Experiment 2) signal presentation elicited the same perceptual and response-related components in both tasks with similar latencies. Thus, completely withholding a response and replacing a response required a similar chain of processes. Furthermore, latency analyses revealed intra-individual differences: When the signal occurred in the periphery, differences between fast and slow change trials arose at early perceptual stages; by contrast, differences arose at later processing stages when signal detection was easy but stimulus discrimination and response selection were harder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elchlepp
- University of Exeter, School of Psychology, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
| | - F Verbruggen
- University of Exeter, School of Psychology, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK; Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent, Belgium.
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195
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Pfister R, Wirth R, Schwarz KA, Foerster A, Steinhauser M, Kunde W. The electrophysiological signature of deliberate rule violations. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1870-1877. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Pfister
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Robert Wirth
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina A. Schwarz
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Anna Foerster
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt; Eichstätt Germany
| | - Wilfried Kunde
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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196
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Early ERP modulation during mood adjectives processing in patients with affective disorders. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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197
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Verleger R, Grauhan N, Śmigasiewicz K. Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus-response mappings on the oddball effect on P3. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1858-1869. [PMID: 27593167 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
P3b is a prominent component of human event-related EEG potentials. P3b has been related to consciousness, encoding into memory, and updating of strategic schemata, among others, yet evidence has also been provided for its close relationship with deciding how to respond to the presented stimuli. P3b is large with rarely occurring stimuli and small with frequent ones. Here, we investigate the extent to which this oddball effect depends on selecting and executing responses. Participants pressed one of two keys in response to one of two letters, one of which was presented rarely and one frequently. Information about letter-key mapping was provided by a second stimulus. In different blocks, this mapping stimulus was either constant across trials or varied randomly, and either preceded or followed the letter. The oddball effect was reduced when responses were delayed (by waiting for the constant mapping stimulus following the letter) and was further reduced when responses could not be assigned to the letters (because letters were followed by varying mapping stimuli). This evidence suggests that P3b is closely related to decision processes, possibly reflecting reactivation of stimulus-response links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nils Grauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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198
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Cue validity probability influences neural processing of targets. Biol Psychol 2016; 119:171-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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199
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Liu M, Chen Y, Schiller NO. Online processing of tone and intonation in Mandarin: Evidence from ERPs. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:307-317. [PMID: 27568075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the online processing of tone and intonation in Mandarin at the attentive stage. We examined the behavioral and electrophysiological responses of native Mandarin listeners to Mandarin sentences, which contrast in final tones (rising Tone2 or falling Tone4) and intonations (Question or Statement). A clear P300 effect was observed for question-statement contrast in sentences ending with Tone4, but no ERP effect was found for question-statement contrast in sentences ending with Tone2. Our results provide ERP evidence for the interaction of tone and intonation in Mandarin, confirming the findings with behavioral metalinguistic data that native Mandarin listeners can distinguish between question intonation and statement intonation when the intonation is associated with a final Tone4, but fail to do so when the intonation is associated with a final Tone2. Our study extended the understanding of online processing of tone and intonation (1) from the pre-attentive stage to the attentive stage and (2) within a larger domain (i.e. multi-word utterances) than a single word utterance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Yiya Chen
- Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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200
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Steinemann NA, Moisello C, Ghilardi MF, Kelly SP. Tracking neural correlates of successful learning over repeated sequence observations. Neuroimage 2016; 137:152-164. [PMID: 27155129 PMCID: PMC4921688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of memory formation in humans have long been investigated by exposing subjects to diverse material and comparing responses to items later remembered to those forgotten. Tasks requiring memorization of sensory sequences afford unique possibilities for linking neural memorization processes to behavior, because, rather than comparing across different items of varying content, each individual item can be examined across the successive learning states of being initially unknown, newly learned, and eventually, fully known. Sequence learning paradigms have not yet been exploited in this way, however. Here, we analyze the event-related potentials of subjects attempting to memorize sequences of visual locations over several blocks of repeated observation, with respect to pre- and post-block recall tests. Over centro-parietal regions, we observed a rapid P300 component superimposed on a broader positivity, which exhibited distinct modulations across learning states that were replicated in two separate experiments. Consistent with its well-known encoding of surprise, the P300 deflection monotonically decreased over blocks as locations became better learned and hence more expected. In contrast, the broader positivity was especially elevated at the point when a given item was newly learned, i.e., started being successfully recalled. These results implicate the Broad Positivity in endogenously-driven, intentional memory formation, whereas the P300, in processing the current stimulus to the degree that it was previously uncertain, indexes the cumulative knowledge thereby gained. The decreasing surprise/P300 effect significantly predicted learning success both across blocks and across subjects. This presents a new, neural-based means to evaluate learning capabilities independent of verbal reports, which could have considerable value in distinguishing genuine learning disabilities from difficulties to communicate the outcomes of learning, or perceptual impairments, in a range of clinical brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Steinemann
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Clara Moisello
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - M Felice Ghilardi
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Simon P Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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