151
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Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:237-269. [PMID: 30386921 PMCID: PMC6334733 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chronic adverse experience, especially chronic psychosocial stress/trauma, represents a major risk factor for the development of many somatic and affective disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic stress-associated disorders are still in large part unknown, and current treatment and prevention strategies lack efficacy and reliability. A greater understanding of mechanisms involved in the development and persistence of chronic stress-induced disorders may lead to novel approaches to prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we provide evidence indicating that increases in immune (re-)activity and inflammation, potentially promoted by a reduced exposure to immunoregulatory microorganisms ("Old Friends") in today's modern society, may be causal factors in mediating the vulnerability to development and persistence of stress-related pathologies. Moreover, we discuss strategies to increase immunoregulatory processes and attenuate inflammation, as for instance contact with immunoregulatory Old Friends, which appears to be a promising strategy to promote stress resilience and to prevent/treat chronic stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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152
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Whicker JJ, Muñoz K, Nelson LH. Parent challenges, perspectives and experiences caring for children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing with other disabilities: a comprehensive review. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:5-11. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1534011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Whicker
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Karen Muñoz
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Lauri H. Nelson
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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153
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Ellen Braun S, Kinser P, Carrico CK, Dow A. Being Mindful: A Long-term Investigation of an Interdisciplinary Course in Mindfulness. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956118820064. [PMID: 30671283 PMCID: PMC6328954 DOI: 10.1177/2164956118820064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout and work-related stress in health-care professionals (HCPs) is a growing concern to the optimal functioning of the health-care system. Mindfulness-based interventions may be well-suited to address burnout in HCPs. Objective The purpose of this study was (1) to quantitatively evaluate the effect of a mindfulness-based intervention for interdisciplinary HCPs over time and at a long-term follow-up and (2) to explore perceived benefits, facilitators, and barriers to the practice of mindfulness at the long-term follow-up. Design A mixed-method, repeated measures, within-subjects design was used to investigate Mindfulness for Interdisciplinary HCPs (MIHP) at baseline, post-MIHP, and a follow-up (6 months to 1.5 years after MIHP). MIHP is an 8-week, group-based course for interdisciplinary HCPs and students, with weekly meditation training, gentle yoga, and discussions on the application of mindfulness to common stressors faced by HCPs. Main outcome measures were the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Health Services Survey and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. A semistructured interview was used to explore participants’ perceptions of sustained effects and practice in the context of HCP work at the long-term follow-up. The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02736292). Results Eighteen HCPs (88% female) participated in the study. Significant reductions were found after the intervention for 2 subscales of burnout: depersonalization, F(2, 17) = 5.98, P = .01, and emotional exhaustion, F(2, 17) = 2.64, P = .10. Three facets of dispositional mindfulness showed significant increases at long-term follow-up, act aware: F(2, 15) = 4.47, P = .03, nonjudge: F(2, 15) = 4.7, P = .03, and nonreactivity: F(2, 15) = 3.58, P = .05. Continued practice of skills long term was facilitated by the use of informal practice and perceived improvement in work and personal life. Conclusion In sum, MIHP improved subscales of burnout and mindfulness. These findings should be further explored with a larger, controlled study. Interventions should focus on developing mindfulness practice that can be integrated into the work of HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ellen Braun
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Patricia Kinser
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Caroline K Carrico
- Department of Oral Health Promotion and Community Outreach, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alan Dow
- Center for Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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154
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Rodriguez FS, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG. Enriched environment at work: Disassociated from stress and burnout. Work 2019; 60:29-40. [PMID: 29843297 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enriched environment at work (EEW), in terms of high mental demands at work, may be of great relevance for preventative efforts against cognitive decline and dementia as previous studies have shown. Yet, there is the concern that high EEW mental demands may accelerate stress and cause burnout. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate how EEW mental demands are related to stress and burnout. METHOD A convenience sample of employees in the city area of Leipzig, Germany, was asked to fill out the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and indicate for each EEW mental demand the level experienced, demandingness, and stressfulness. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression and structural equation modelling suggested that only some EEW mental demands were perceived as stressful when the level of the respective EEW mental demand was high. Higher stressfulness was associated with burnout symptoms - however, high levels of EEW mental demands were not significantly associated with burnout (neither directly nor indirectly). CONCLUSIONS Our findings implied that subjectively perceived stressfulness seems to be a more relevant aspect than the actual level of the demand itself. However, further studies are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Rodriguez
- USC Edward Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Luck
- USC Edward Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- USC Edward Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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155
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research indicates a link between burnout symptoms and reduced vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV); however, the directionality of this relationship is still largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between HRV and burnout symptoms for 1 year, with a special focus on the emotional exhaustion (EE) burnout subdimension, which remains inadequately distinguished from overlapping with depressive symptoms. METHODS Here we present HRV and behavioral data from 167 individuals (mean [SD] age = 43.43 [11.78] years; 30.5% male) who attended two biomarker samplings (T1 and T2) of the Dresden Burnout Study approximately 12 months apart. RESULTS In hierarchical linear regression analyses, T1 HRV significantly inversely predicted T2 overall burnout symptoms (β = -.16; p = .03) and EE (β = -.23; p = .02), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, adverse health behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Importantly, only high EE at T1 (β = -.22; p = .04), and not the T1 Maslach Burnout Inventor total score, predicted reductions in HRV from T1 to T2. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time longitudinal evidence that HRV is associated with changes in burnout symptoms, independently of depressive symptoms. Results suggest vagal dysfunction being predictive and specific for burnout symptoms, making HRV a promising starting point for the explanation of biophysiological mechanisms underlying burnout symptoms and cardiovascular diseases. The finding of only EE at T1 being predictive for changes in HRV underscores the importance of exhaustion for modulations in autonomic regulation.
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156
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Schaan VK, Schulz A, Rubel JA, Bernstein M, Domes G, Schächinger H, Vögele C. Childhood Trauma Affects Stress-Related Interoceptive Accuracy. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31681049 PMCID: PMC6813623 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) may cause permanent disturbances in brain-body signaling. These disturbances are thought to contribute to physical symptoms and emotional dysregulation in adulthood. The current study investigated the effects of childhood trauma on young adults' interoceptive accuracy as an indicator of brain-body communication that may be dysregulated by ELA. Sixty-six participants completed an online questionnaire followed by a laboratory session including the socially evaluated cold pressor stress test during which ECG, salivary cortisol, and interoceptive accuracy were assessed. Childhood trauma was negatively related to interoceptive accuracy (IAc) after the stressor. This stress effect could not be observed for heart rate and cortisol, which were unrelated to IAc. Participants reporting higher baseline unpleasantness exhibited lower IAc after the stressor, while increases in unpleasantness due to the stressor were associated with higher IAc. Unpleasantness at baseline mediated the effect of childhood trauma on IAc after the stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta K Schaan
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - André Schulz
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Julian A Rubel
- Department of Psychotherapy Research, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Bernstein
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Penn State Abington, Abington Township, PA, United States
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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157
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Faivre G, Kielwasser H, Bourgeois M, Panouilleres M, Loisel F, Obert L. Burnout syndrome in orthopaedic and trauma surgery residents in France: A nationwide survey. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:1291-1295. [PMID: 30341030 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome is one of the manifestations of distress in healthcare workers and is characterised by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP), and a sense of low personal accomplishment (PA). The surgical residency is a period of intense training that imposes major challenges on future surgeons, who may therefore be at high risk for burnout syndrome. Nevertheless, no data on burnout syndrome in orthopaedic and trauma surgery (OTS) residents in France is available. Therefore we performed a prospective survey to: (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among OTS residents in France, (2) and to look for factors associated with a higher or lower risk of burnout syndrome in the survey respondents. HYPOTHESIS Burnout syndrome is at least as prevalent among OTS residents in France as among residents in other medical and surgical specialities. MATERIAL AND METHODS A nationwide prospective survey was conducted in France between February and April 2017 via a digital questionnaire sent by email. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and symptoms of depression using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Demographic data and information on relationships with partners and working modalities were collected. RESULTS Of 480 OTS residents, 107 (22%) completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 27 years and 65% (n=70) were male. High EE was reported by 26% (n=28), high DP by 63% (n=68), and low PA by 33% (n=36) of respondents. The scores on two or all three of the MBI sub-scales were abnormal, indicating severe burnout syndrome, in 40% (n=43) of respondents. The GHQ-12 scores indicated symptoms of depression in 40% (n=43) of respondents. Furthermore, 61% (n=66) of respondents stated that they would not recommend OTS or any other area of medicine to their children as a career and 10% (n=11) reported suicidal ideation during the past year. The statistical analysis identified three risk factors for burnout syndrome: medical errors (odds ratio [OR], 8.8; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.7-58.7; p=0.0121), symptoms of depression (OR, 19.3; 95%CI, 2.9-196.0; p=0.0048), and living single (OR, 4.7; 95%CI, 1.4-18.9; p=0.0173). DISCUSSION Despite the 22% response rate, this study provides useful information on the prevalence of burnout syndrome among OTS residents in France, with severe burnout in 40% and suicidal ideation in 10%. These prevalences may be overestimations, however, as residents who felt under stress may have been more likely to respond to the survey. In published studies, burnout syndrome was associated with higher risks of medical error and suicidal behaviour. These data emphasise the importance of detecting and managing burnout syndrome in healthcare staff. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV Prospective descriptive cross-sectional survey with no control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Faivre
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, département universitaire, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Hugo Kielwasser
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, CHI de Vesoul, 2, rue René Heymes, 70000 Vesoul, France
| | - Mickaël Bourgeois
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, département universitaire, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marie Panouilleres
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, département universitaire, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - François Loisel
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, département universitaire, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Laurent Obert
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, département universitaire, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
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158
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Violanti JM, Mnatsakanova A, Andrew ME, Allison P, Gu JK, Fekedulegn D. Effort-Reward Imbalance and Overcommitment at Work: Associations With Police Burnout. POLICE QUARTERLY 2018; 21:440-460. [PMID: 30906189 PMCID: PMC6423541 DOI: 10.1177/1098611118774764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined associations of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and over-commitment at work with burnout among police officers using data from 200 (mean age = 46 years, 29% women) officers enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study. ERI and overcommitment were assessed using Siegrist's "effort/reward" questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was used to assess burnout and its three subscales (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). Analysis of covariance was used to examine mean values of burnout scores across quartiles of ERI and overcommitment. Linear regression was used to test for linear trend. ERI and overcommitment were positively and significantly associated with cynicism and exhaustion (trend p value < .001), while professional efficacy showed an inverse association with overcommitment (p = .026). Cynicism and exhaustion scores were significantly higher in officers who reported both overcommitment and ERI compared with their counterparts (p < .001). The results suggest that ERI and overcommitment at work are determinants of higher cynicism and exhaustion. The inverse association of overcommitment with professional efficacy (an indicator of engagement at work) suggests that extreme involvement in work may negatively affect efficacy. Overcommitment may be related to a need for approval and inability of officers to withdraw from work, even in an off-duty status. Police agencies should consider organizational remedies to maintain acceptable levels of commitment by officers. In addition, there is a need to monitor and improve effort-reward imbalance experienced by officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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159
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Aronsson V, Toivanen S, Leineweber C, Nyberg A. Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations? Evidence from a Swedish national cohort. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:310-317. [PMID: 30486752 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818812638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate differences in burnout, self-rated health (SRH) and sickness absence between human service occupations (HSOs) and other occupations, and whether they can be attributed to differences in psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. METHODS Data were derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, an approximately representative sample of the Swedish working population ( n = 4408). Employment in HSOs, psychosocial work environment and organizational resources in 2012 predicted relative risks of sickness absence, burnout and suboptimal SRH in 2014 using modified Poisson regressions. The psychosocial work factors' and organizational resource variables' relative importance were estimated by adding them to the models one by one, and with population attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS Employment in HSOs was associated with a higher risk of sickness absence and the risk was explained by psychosocial and organizational factors, particularly high emotional demands, low work-time control and exposure to workplace violence. Employment in HSOs was not associated with burnout after sociodemographic factors were adjusted for, and furthermore not with SRH. A lower risk of suboptimal SRH was found in HSOs than in other occupations with equivalent psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. PAFs indicated that psychosocial work environment and organizational resource improvements could lead to morbidity reductions for all outcomes; emotional demands were more important in HSOs. CONCLUSIONS HSOs had higher risks of sickness absence and burnout than other occupations. The most important work factors to address were high emotional demands, low work-time control, and exposure to workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Aronsson
- 1 Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden.,2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden.,3 School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University
| | | | - Anna Nyberg
- 1 Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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160
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Liao HC, Peng YH, Chen YP, Huang LC, Liang WM, Hsu CY, Kao CH, Tseng CH. Reduced Risks of Both Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in Nurses: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122615. [PMID: 30469533 PMCID: PMC6313420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are typically required to address patient emergencies, and they experience high stress levels in their work, which may expose them to a higher risk of stroke. This cohort study compared the risk of stroke between nurses and the general population. METHODS We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance database to conduct our retrospective cohort study, and we identified 83,641 individuals in the nurse group and 334,564 individuals in the control group. For the nurse group and the control group, we used the chi-square test in addition to applying Student's t-test, in order to compare the distribution differences for the continuous variables. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models, with stratification according to age, sex, and comorbidity. RESULTS The nurse group had a lower risk of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in the crude model (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.58⁻0.75; HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.47⁻0.72). After adjusting the prevalent variables, the nurse group still had a lower risk of stroke (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.60⁻0.77; HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.48⁻0.73). CONCLUSION The risks of both stroke types were lower in the nurse group than in the control. For stroke prevention, more frequent physical examinations are needed in order to enhance the health and well-being of people, including the nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chuan Liao
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hao Peng
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Pei Chen
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chi Huang
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Center for Faculty Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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161
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García-Carmona M, Marín MD, Aguayo R. Burnout syndrome in secondary school teachers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-018-9471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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162
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Jeong I, Cho YS, Lee KJ, Park JB. Impact of near work on perceived stress according to working hours: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204360. [PMID: 30332424 PMCID: PMC6192567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among working hours, near work time, and perceived stress. In total, data of 3,776 workers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI were examined. The workers’ working hours per week, daily near work time, and complaints of perceived stress were analyzed in conjunction with other sociodemographic and occupation-related variables. Multivariate logistic analysis found that workers with 3 and ≥4 hours of near work were more likely to report high perceived stress than were the reference group who had <1 hour per day of near work, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.34 (1.01–1.78) and 1.94 (1.53–2.46), respectively. Additionally, those working 50 and more hours a week were more likely to report high perceived stress with ORs of 1.51 (1.19–1.90) and 1.88 (1.42–2.48), respectively. When stratified by working hours, workers with daily near work time of ≥4 hours were more likely to report high perceived stress with ORs of 2.21 (1.45–3.37), 2.27 (1.30–3.97), and 3.47 (1.80–6.69), among the workers with 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 weekly working hours, respectively. Workers with greater near work time are at risk for high perceived stress. Moreover, this risk was found to be higher among workers with longer working hours. Therefore, work cycle modification and reductions in near work time are necessary to prevent stress-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inchul Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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163
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Gender differences in paid employment after retirement : Psychosocial working conditions and well-being. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 52:32-39. [PMID: 30280237 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-018-1453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of persons continue to work after retirement age. This decision is often different between men and women as well as working histories, sectors and hierarchical positions; however, whether gender differences in working conditions and occupational well-being also exist in paid employment after retirement (PEAR) has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine gender differences in working conditions and well-being of workers in PEAR. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study 784 employees (23.5% female) aged 65 years and older who were contracted by a Dutch temporary employment agency, participated in the baseline survey in 2011. Furthermore, a panel of 228 employees (25.9% female) participated again during a second wave in 2012. Job demands, job control, emotional exhaustion and job engagement were assessed at both time points by validated self-reporting measures. RESULTS Female employees worked fewer years in paid employment before 65 years of age, were more likely to be single, divorced or widowed, had a smaller income and worked less hours during PEAR than men. In the baseline analysis, females reported less job control and higher job stress than men. No gender differences were found on emotional exhaustion, engagement or job demands. Over the study period emotional exhaustion only increased in females. The longitudinal trend of job demands, control and engagement did not significantly differ between both sexes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that working conditions of PEAR are less favorable for women than for men. Furthermore, the longitudinal trend of emotional exhaustion seems to be more disadvantageous for women.
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Examining Perceptions of Teammates’ Burnout and Training Hours in Athlete Burnout. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Perceptions of teammates and training load have been shown to influence athletes’ physical and psychological health; however, limited research has investigated these factors in relation to burnout. Athletes (N = 140) from a variety of competitive team sports, ranging in level from regional to professional, completed questionnaires measuring individual burnout, perceptions of teammates’ burnout, and training hours per week on two occasions separated by three months. After controlling for burnout at time one, training hours were associated with athletes’ burnout and perceptions of teammates’ burnout at time two. Multilevel modeling indicated actual team burnout (i.e., the average burnout score of the individual athletes in a team) and perceived team burnout were associated with individual’s own burnout. The findings highlight that burnout is dynamic and relates to physiological stressors associated with training and psychological perceptions of teammates’ burnout. Future research directions exploring potential social influences on athlete burnout are presented.
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165
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Gerber M, Colledge F, Mücke M, Schilling R, Brand S, Ludyga S. Psychometric properties of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) among adolescents: results from three cross-sectional studies. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:266. [PMID: 30144799 PMCID: PMC6109266 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout has long been understood as work-related physical, emotional, and cognitive exhaustion. However, burnout symptoms can also be found among younger people, including school-aged adolescents. While the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) is a widely applied instrument, its psychometric properties have not yet been investigated in adolescent populations. We therefore examined the psychometric properties of the SMBM in three independent samples of adolescents. METHODS In total, 249 high school students, 144 vocational students, and 257 adolescent elite athletes completed the SMBM, along with questionnaires related to perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, gender differences, and internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity, and factorial validity (including measurement invariance across genders) were examined in each sample. RESULTS The SMBM had adequate internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that both a first- and second-order model achieve good model fit. Moreover, evidence for sufficient convergent and discriminant validity was found. Finally, in two of the three samples, female adolescents reported higher SMBM scores. CONCLUSIONS The SMBM has been widely used in international burnout research. However, this is the first study providing empirical evidence that the SMBM has acceptable psychometric properties and satisfactory convergent/discriminant and factorial validity among young people. The SMBM is a concise and economic tool to assess self-rated symptoms of burnout, and presents a valuable alternative to existing school burnout inventories. In particular, the SMBM can facilitate the investigation of the transition of young people from school to working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mücke
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - René Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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166
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Zhang M, Liu L, Shi Y, Yang Y, Yu X, Angerer P, Kristensen TS, Li J. Longitudinal associations of burnout with heart rate variability in patients following acute coronary syndrome: A one-year follow-up study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 53:59-64. [PMID: 29859340 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate longitudinal associations of burnout with heart rate variability (HRV) in patients after their first events of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS In total, two hundred eight patients participated in this one-year follow-up study. On the day before discharge, their personal burnout level was assessed by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. HRV signals were collected at four time points: the day before discharge, one month, six month and one year after discharge. HRV was measured by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography and analyzed in time and frequency domains. Generalized estimating equations were applied to analyze the associations of burnout at baseline with longitudinal tracking of HRV during follow-up in format of natural logarithmic transformation. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, high burnout at baseline was significantly associated with low standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), a time domain measure of HRV (p < 0.05). Also, baseline burnout was inversely associated with five frequency domain measures, i.e., high frequency power (HF), low frequency power (LF), very low frequency power (VLF), and ultra low frequency power (ULF), and total power (TP) (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Personal burnout is longitudinally associated with decreased HRV during one-year period among patients after first ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Cardiology Department, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Cardiology Department, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yunke Shi
- Cardiology Department, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Cardiology Department, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, China
| | - Xiaoju Yu
- Cardiology Department, 1st hospital of Yibin City, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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167
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Burnout: Job Resources and Job Demands Associated With Low Personal Accomplishment in United States Radiology Residents. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:739-743. [PMID: 29426685 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify job resources and job demands associated with measures of personal accomplishment (PA) in radiology residents in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 34-item online survey was administered between May and June 2017 to U.S. radiology residents and included the 8 Likert-type PA questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, 19 visual analog scale job demands-resources questions, and 7 demographic questions. Multiple linear regression was calculated to predict PA based on job demands-resources. Effects of binomial demographic factors on PA scores were compared with independent-samples t tests. Effects of categorical demographic factors on PA scores were compared with one-way between-subjects analysis of variance tests. A linear regression was calculated to evaluate the relationship of age on PA scores. RESULTS "The skills and knowledge that I am building are important and helpful to society" (P = 2 × 10-16), "I have good social support from my co-residents" (P = 4 × 10-5), and "I regularly receive adequate constructive feedback" (P = 4 × 10-6) all positively correlated with PA. PA scores were significantly lower for individuals who were single vs those married or partnered (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Radiology residents score higher in the PA domain of burnout when they receive adequate constructive feedback, have good co-resident social support, and feel that the skills and knowledge they are building are important to society. Improving constructive feedback mechanisms, enabling resident-only social time, and supporting opportunities that reinforce the importance of their contributions may therefore improve radiology residents' sense of PA.
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168
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Mikolajczak M, Brianda ME, Avalosse H, Roskam I. Consequences of parental burnout: Its specific effect on child neglect and violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 80:134-145. [PMID: 29604504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parental burnout is a specific syndrome resulting from enduring exposure to chronic parenting stress. It encompasses three dimensions: an overwhelming exhaustion related to one's parental role, an emotional distancing from one's children and a sense of ineffectiveness in one's parental role. This study aims to facilitate further identification of the consequences of parental burnout for the parents themselves, their spouses and their child(ren). In a sample of 1551 parents, we examined the relationship between parental burnout and seven possible consequences: escapism and suicidal thoughts, addictions, sleep disorders, marital conflicts, a partner estrangement mindset, and neglect and violence towards one's child(ren). We examined (1) to what extent parental and job burnout related to each of these possible consequences and (2) whether parental burnout is specifically related to neglectful and violent behaviour towards one's child(ren). The results suggest that parental burnout has a statistically similar effect to job burnout on addictions and sleep problems, a stronger effect on couples' conflicts and partner estrangement mindset and a specific effect on child-related outcomes (neglect and violence) and escape and suicidal ideation. These results emphasize the importance of accurately diagnosing this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Mikolajczak
- Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Psychology, Place Cardinal Mercier, 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Maria Elena Brianda
- Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Psychology, Place Cardinal Mercier, 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Hervé Avalosse
- Mutualité Chrétienne-Christelijke Mutualiteit, Research and Development (R&D) Department, Chaussée de Haecht, 579, 1030 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Psychology, Place Cardinal Mercier, 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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169
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Effects of stress and mental toughness on burnout and depressive symptoms: A prospective study with young elite athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1200-1205. [PMID: 29859672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine in a sample of young elite athletes (a) the presence of clinically relevant symptoms of burnout and depression, and (b) a possible interaction of perceived stress and mental toughness in the prediction of burnout and depressive symptoms. DESIGN 6-month prospective study. METHODS A representative sample of 257 young elite athletes (M=16.82years, SD=1.44, 36% females) was recruited in North-Western Switzerland. 197 athletes were followed-up across a 6-month period. Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Values of ≥4.40 (SMBM) and >14 (PHQ-9) were considered indicative of clinically relevant burnout or depression. Stress perceptions were assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and mental toughness with the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test stress-buffering effects. RESULTS The percentage of athletes with clinically relevant levels of burnout and depressive symptoms was 12% and 9%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses showed that compared to participants with low mental toughness, those with higher mental toughness scores reported significantly fewer mental health issues, when exposed to high stress. By contrast, when stress levels were low, mental toughness was unrelated to psychological health complaints. CONCLUSIONS About every tenth young elite athlete reported burnout or depressive symptoms of potential clinical relevance. While high perceived stress was associated with increased psychological health complaints, mental toughness was able to off-set some of the negative consequences resulting from high stress exposure.
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170
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Leistner C, Menke A. How to measure glucocorticoid receptor's sensitivity in patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91:235-260. [PMID: 29449045 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a state of derailed homeostasis and a main environmental risk factor for psychiatric diseases. Chronic or uncontrollable stress may lead to a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a common feature of stress-related psychiatric disorders. One of the key mechanisms underlying a disturbed HPA axis is an impaired function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with an enhanced or reduced feedback sensitivity for glucocorticoids and subsequently altered concentrations of peripheral cortisol. GR function is regulated by a multiprotein complex including the different expression of the hsp90 co-chaperone FK 506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) that may be genetically determined or acquired in response to stressful stimuli. Specific patterns of a dysregulation of the HPA axis and GR function are found in different stress-related psychiatric entities e.g. major depression, job-related exhaustion or posttraumatic stress disorder. GR challenge tests like the dexamethasone-suppression test (DST), the dexamethasone-corticotropin-releasing hormone (dex-CRH) test or most recently the analysis of the dexamethasone-induced gene expression are employed to sensitively measure HPA axis activity in these disorders. They provide information for a stratification of phenotypic similar but neurobiological diverse psychiatric disorders. In this review we present a synopsis of GR challenge tests with a focus on the application of the DST, the CRH test and the dex-CRH test as well as the dexamethasone-induced gene expression in stress-related psychiatric entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Leistner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Andreas Menke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany.
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171
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May RW, Seibert GS, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Fincham FD. School burnout and heart rate variability: risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in young adult females. Stress 2018; 21:211-216. [PMID: 29382258 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1433161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research documents the relationship between school burnout and some indicators of increased cardiovascular risk. Indicators of cardiovascular functioning assessed via ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) have not been thoroughly explored in this research domain. Therefore, the current study examined relationships between school burnout and indicators of cardiac functioning via 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram monitoring in a sample of young adult female undergraduates (N = 88). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that independent of related negative affective symptomology (depression and anxiety), increased school burnout would be related to greater systolic and diastolic BP, higher low frequency (LF) HRV and lower very low frequency (VLF) HRV, and (2) that lower VLF would be related to greater school burnout independently of LF HRV. Hierarchical multiple regression analyzes showed that school burnout was significantly related to elevated ambulatory BP (systolic and diastolic) and HRV markers of increased cardiac sympathovagal tone. These findings support the hypotheses and suggest that school burnout might be implicated in the development of pre-hypertension or early cardiovascular disease. Study limitations and the need for future longitudinal research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W May
- a Family Institute , The Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Gregory S Seibert
- a Family Institute , The Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Marcos A Sanchez-Gonzalez
- b Division of Clinical and Translational Research , Larkin Community Hospital , South Miami , FL , USA
| | - Frank D Fincham
- a Family Institute , The Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Ramírez MR, Otero P, Blanco V, Ontaneda MP, Díaz O, Vázquez FL. Prevalence and correlates of burnout in health professionals in Ecuador. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 82:73-83. [PMID: 29444479 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although burnout is a widespread phenomenon among healthcare professionals, there are no studies about its prevalence in Ecuador. This study assesses the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Ecuadorian healthcare professionals and examine the relationship with their personal and organizational characteristics. METHODS A total of 2404 healthcare professionals (average age 40.0years; 68.4% women) from the capitals of all 24 provinces in Ecuador participated in this study. Trained psychologists assessed the presence of burnout by applying the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Sociodemographic variables, emotional distress, social support and coping styles as well as organizational variables were also collected. RESULTS Of all healthcare professionals surveyed, 2.6% presented burnout syndrome. By dimensions, 17.2% of the participants presented a high level of emotional exhaustion, 13.5% of depersonalization, and 18.2% had reduced personal accomplishment. Being non-mestizo, being classified as a probable case of mental disorder and using more passive coping were associated with a greater probability of presenting burnout; having >10years of experience was associated with a lower probability of burnout. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of active health professionals suffer from burnout. It is necessary to develop effective psychotherapeutic interventions for those who have the syndrome and to evaluate potential prevention strategies in those who have not yet developed it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Ramírez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador.
| | | | - Vanessa Blanco
- Department of Evolutive and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercy P Ontaneda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador
| | - Olga Díaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando L Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Meyer T, Wirtz PH. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Psychosocial Stress-Responsive Systems: New Insights into an Old Story. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:760-772. [PMID: 28558479 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Psychosocial stress is associated with alterations in serum glucocorticoids and cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, which functionally interact. However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological relationship between the two systems within the context of stress exposure are not well characterized. Recent Advances: Extracellular IL-6, which stimulates the release of cortisol from the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, mediates its intracellular effects by tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Mitochondrial electron transfer reactions are involved in both STAT3-driven ATP production in oxidative respiration and adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis. CRITICAL ISSUES The role of STAT3 in oxidative respiration and steroidogenesis suggests that it integrates both nuclear and mitochondrial actions, thereby preserving main steps of glucocorticoid biosynthesis in the adrenal gland under psychosocial stress. This review discusses the notion that these two pathways are together simultaneously involved in protection against chronic stressors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Linking the function of cytokines and main components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox signaling will be essential for a better understanding of the relevant stress-responsive systems engaged in stress vulnerability. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 760-772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- 1 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra H Wirtz
- 2 Biological Work and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
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Abstract
A considerable body of research has documented the negative effects of job burnout on employees and their organizations, emphasizing the importance of the identification of early signs of the phenomenon for the purposes of prevention and intervention. However, such timely identification is difficult due to the time and cost of assessing the burnout levels of all employees in an organization using established scales. In this paper, we propose an innovative way to identify employees at risk of job burnout by analyzing their e-mail communication patterns. Building on the Job Demands–Resources model, we theorize about the relationship between e-mail communication patterns and levels of employee exhaustion and disengagement (two dimensions of burnout). We analyzed 52,190 e-mails exchanged between 57 employees of a medium sized R&D company over a five-month period. We then related these employees’ communication patterns to their levels of burnout, collected using an established scale (the OLBI–Oldenburg Burnout Inventory). Our results provide support for the overall proposition of the paper, that e-mail communications can be used to identify individuals at risk of job burnout. Our models explain up to 34% of the variance of burnout and up to 37% and 19% respectively of the variance of exhaustion and disengagement. They also successfully distinguish between employees with a higher risk of burnout and those with lower levels of risk (F1 score of 84% with recall of 100% and 73% precision). We discuss the implications of our results and present suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Quintane
- School of Management, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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175
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Grensman A, Acharya BD, Wändell P, Nilsson GH, Falkenberg T, Sundin Ö, Werner S. Effect of traditional yoga, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy, on health related quality of life: a randomized controlled trial on patients on sick leave because of burnout. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 29510704 PMCID: PMC5839058 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore if health related quality of life(HRQoL) increased after traditional yoga(TY), mindfulness based cognitive therapy(MBCT), or cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT), in patients on sick leave because of burnout. METHODS Randomized controlled trial, blinded, in ninety-four primary health care patients, block randomized to TY, MBCT or CBT (active control) between September 2007 and November 2009. Patients were living in the Stockholm metropolitan area, Sweden, were aged 18-65 years and were on 50%-100% sick leave. A group treatment for 20 weeks, three hours per week, with homework four hours per week. HRQoL was measured by the SWED-QUAL questionnaire, comprising 67 items grouped into 13 subscales, each with a separate index, and scores from 0 (worse) to 100 (best). SWED-QUAL covers aspects of physical and emotional well-being, cognitive function, sleep, general health and social and sexual functioning. Statistics: Wilcoxon's rank sum and Wilcoxon's sign rank tests, Bonett-Price for medians and confidence intervals, and Cohen's D. RESULTS Twenty-six patients in the TY (21 women), and 27 patients in both the MBCT (24 women) and in the CBT (25 women), were analyzed. Ten subscales in TY and seven subscales in MBCT and CBT showed improvements, p < 0.05, in several of the main domains affected in burnout, e.g. emotional well-being, physical well-being, cognitive function and sleep. The median improvement ranged from 0 to 27 points in TY, from 4 to 25 points in CBT and from 0 to 25 points in MBCT. The effect size was mainly medium or large. Comparison of treatments showed no statistical differences, but better effect (small) of both TY and MBCT compared to CBT. When comparing the effect of TY and MBCT, both showed a better effect (small) in two subscales each. CONCLUSIONS A 20 week group treatment with TY, CBT or MBCT had equal effects on HRQoL, and particularly on main domains affected in burnout. This indicates that TY, MBCT and CBT can be used as both treatment and prevention, to improve HRQoL in patients on sick leave because of burnout, reducing the risk of future morbidity. TRIAL REGISTRATION July 22, 2012, retrospectively registered. ClinicalTrails.gov NCT01168661 . FUNDING Stockholm County Council, grant 2003-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Grensman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bikash Dev Acharya
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Wändell
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar H. Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel Falkenberg
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Research Group Integrative Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Social Sustainability, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Sigbritt Werner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Strahler J, Fischer S. Diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase in the daily lives of older adults with vital exhaustion. Physiol Behav 2018; 185:39-45. [PMID: 29274349 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vital exhaustion (VE) is characterised by unusual fatigue, increased irritability, and a feeling of demoralisation. It has been found a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and one that is independent of subclinical or clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease or lifestyle-related risk factors. Stress-induced alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system may mediate the link between VE and increased cardiovascular risk. However, no studies have yet assessed both systems simultaneously and in high-risk populations, such as older adults. METHODS A total of 72 older adults (34 women, mean age 61.7±7.3) who were free of any major physical or mental illnesses filled out the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire (MVEQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). To determine cortisol and alpha-amylase, participants collected saliva samples upon awakening, +30min thereafter, and at 11am, 3pm, and 8pm. RESULTS Participants with higher VE reported lower perceived stress (β=-0.515, p<0.001). Individuals reporting higher VE also exhibited more diminished cortisol concentrations across the day, although only by trend (β=-0.218, p=0.092). There was no significant association between VE and diurnal alpha-amylase activity. Moreover, women had lower diurnal cortisol (β=-0.381, p=0.004) and alpha-amylase (β=-0.329, p=0.011) when compared to men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide initial evidence for psychosocial stress to be linked to VE in older adults, while evidence for HPA alterations remains tentative. Future research is warranted to determine whether VE related hypocortisolaemia represents a specific stage of the stress adaptation process that may put individuals at risk for incident cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strahler
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Fischer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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178
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Almén N, Lundberg H, Sundin Ö, Jansson B. The reliability and factorial validity of the Swedish version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2018.1443280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Almén
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University , 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lundberg
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University , 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University , 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Billy Jansson
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University , 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
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Abstract
In 3 studies, we developed and tested the first comprehensive, self-report measure of workplace interruptions. The Workplace Interruptions Measure (WIM) is based on a typology of interruptions that included intrusions, distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks. The four-factor structure was reduced to a 12-item measure in Study 1 (N = 317) and confirmed in a diverse sample of employees in Study 2 (N = 160). Study 3 (N = 323) further examined the psychometric properties of the WIM in a sample of university faculty and staff. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that both effort-enhancing interruptions (intrusions, distractions, and discrepancy detections) and recovery-enhancing interruptions (breaks) were associated with stressors and strains. Distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks uniquely predicted strain outcomes beyond other workplace stressors (i.e., quantitative workload, interpersonal conflict, and role conflict). We discuss implications of the WIM for the theory and practice of interruptions research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Wilkes
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Larissa K Barber
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Arielle P Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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180
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Metlaine A, Sauvet F, Gomez-Merino D, Boucher T, Elbaz M, Delafosse JY, Leger D, Chennaoui M. Sleep and biological parameters in professional burnout: A psychophysiological characterization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190607. [PMID: 29385150 PMCID: PMC5791983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional burnout syndrome has been described in association with insomnia and metabolic, inflammatory and immune correlates. We investigated the interest of exploring biological parameters and sleep disturbances in relation to burnout symptoms among white-collar workers. Fifty-four participants with burnout were compared to 86 healthy control participants in terms of professional rank level, sleep, job strain (Karasek questionnaire), social support, anxiety and depression (HAD scale). Fasting concentrations of glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), total-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were assessed. Analysis of variance and a forward Stepwise Multiple Logistic Regression were made to identify predictive factors of burnout. Besides reporting more job strain (in particular job control p = 0.02), higher levels of anxiety (p<0.001), and sleep disorders related to insomnia (OR = 21.5, 95%CI = 8.8–52.3), participants with burnout presented higher levels of HbA1C, glycaemia, CRP, lower levels of 25(OH)D, higher number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes (P<0.001 for all) and higher total-cholesterol (P = 0.01). In particular, when HbA1c is > 3.5%, the prevalence of burnout increases from 16.6% to 60.0% (OR = 4.3, 95%CI = 2.8–6.9). Strong significant positive correlation existed between HbA1C and the two dimensions (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (r = 0.79 and r = 0.71, p<0.01)) of burnout. Models including job strain, job satisfaction, anxiety and insomnia did not predict burnout (p = 0.30 and p = 0.50). However, when HbA1C levels is included, the prediction of burnout became significant (P = 0.03). Our findings demonstrated the interest of sleep and biological parameters, in particular HbA1C levels, in the characterization of professional burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Metlaine
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | | | - Maxime Elbaz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Paris, France
| | | | - Damien Leger
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
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Comparative Effectiveness of Caregiver Training in Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) and Positive Behavior Support (PBS) in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 11:99-111. [PMID: 32435317 PMCID: PMC7223775 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are often stressed due to the demands of the job, including the nature and severity of challenging behaviors of the clients, work conditions, degree of management support for the staff, and the demands of implementing some interventions under adverse conditions. Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) and PBS alone have been shown to be effective in assisting caregivers to better manage the challenging behaviors of clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The aim of the present study was to undertake a head-to-head assessment of the effectiveness of MBPBS and PBS alone in a 40-week randomized controlled trial. Of the 123 caregivers who met inclusion criteria, 60 were randomly assigned to MBPBS and 63 to PBS alone, with 59 completing the trial in the MBPBS condition and 57 in the PBS alone condition. Results showed both interventions to be effective, but the caregiver, client, and agency outcomes for MBPBS were uniformly superior to those of PBS alone condition. In addition, the MBPBS training was substantially more cost-effective than the PBS alone training. The present results add to the evidence base for the effectiveness of MBPBS and, if independently replicated, could provide an integrative health care approach in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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182
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Ben-Avi N, Toker S, Heller D. “If stress is good for me, it's probably good for you too”: Stress mindset and judgment of others' strain. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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183
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Grover S, Adarsh H, Naskar C, Varadharajan N. Physician burnout: A review. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_47_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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184
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Penz M, Stalder T, Miller R, Ludwig VM, Kanthak MK, Kirschbaum C. Hair cortisol as a biological marker for burnout symptomatology. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:218-221. [PMID: 28781093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome with negative impact on cognitive performance and mood as a consequence of long-term stress at work. It is further associated with increased risk for mental and physical diseases. One potential pathway to mediate chronic work-stress and adverse health conditions in burnout is through alterations in long-term glucocorticoid secretion. Here, we present cross-sectional data on hair cortisol/cortisone (hairF/hairE) concentrations and burnout from a population-based sample of the Dresden Burnout Study (DBS; N=314 hair samples). Burnout symptoms (emotional exhaustion, cynical attitudes toward work, and reduced efficacy) were assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). To control for potential confounds, depressivity was as well assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) screening instrument for major depression. The present findings indicate specific hypercortisolism in participants who suffer from burnout. No significant associations were found between depressivity and hairF/hairE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Penz
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera M Ludwig
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalena K Kanthak
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universtität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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185
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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186
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Personal resources and personal vulnerability factors at work: An application of the Job Demands-Resources model among teachers at private schools in Peru. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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187
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Eddy P, Wertheim EH, Kingsley M, Wright BJ. Associations between the effort-reward imbalance model of workplace stress and indices of cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:252-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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188
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Michel JS, O’Neill SK, Hartman P, Lorys A. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk as a Viable Source for Organizational and Occupational Health Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41542-017-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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189
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Rabenu E, Aharoni-Goldenberg S. Understanding the Relationship between Overtime and Burnout. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2017.1382269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edna Rabenu
- Lecturer, School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Sharona Aharoni-Goldenberg
- Lecturer and an Editor in Chief of the Netanya Law Review, School of Law, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
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190
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Smith TD, DeJoy DM, Dyal MAA, Huang G. Impact of work pressure, work stress and work-family conflict on firefighter burnout. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 74:215-222. [PMID: 29068787 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1395789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little research has explored burnout and its causes in the American fire service. Data were collected from career firefighters in the southeastern United States (n = 208) to explore these relationships. A hierarchical regression model was tested to examine predictors of burnout including sociodemographic characteristics (model 1), work pressure (model 2), work stress and work-family conflict (model 3) and interaction terms (model 4). The main findings suggest that perceived work stress and work-family conflict emerged as the significant predictors of burnout (both p < .001). Interventions and programs aimed at these predictors could potentially curtail burnout among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Smith
- a Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington , Bloomington , IN , USA
| | - David M DeJoy
- b Workplace Health Group, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Mari-Amanda Aimee Dyal
- b Workplace Health Group, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
- c Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , GA , USA
| | - Gaojian Huang
- d School of Industrial Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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191
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Ghesquiere A, Plichta SB, McAfee C, Rogers G. Professional quality of life of adult protective service workers. J Elder Abuse Negl 2017; 30:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2017.1352550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ghesquiere
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey B. Plichta
- Health Policy & Management, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin McAfee
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoff Rogers
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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192
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Effects of self-reported sensitivity and road-traffic noise levels on the immune system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187084. [PMID: 29084230 PMCID: PMC5662213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to noise, particularly road traffic noise, can increase cortisol levels and result in changes in immune system biomarkers. Therefore, continuous exposure to noise can have an effect on immune function, hormonal levels, and cardiovascular function, leading to hypertension and stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in stress-and immune system-related biomarkers according to the self-reported sensitivity to noise and exposure to road traffic noise, to ultimately determine the potential effects of noise on health. A survey was conducted through questionnaire (ISO/TS 15666) sent to 172 female subjects in Korea, including 128 from Ulsan and 44 from Seoul. The average noise level was calculated, and blood samples were collected for measurements of cortisol levels, Natural killer (NK) / Natural killer T (NKT) cell populations, and NK cell activity (through measurements of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) concentrations). Multivariate linear regression analysis of the measured biomarkers according to the road traffic noise level and self-reported noise sensitivity was conducted adjusting for the effects of age, alcohol status, smoking status, regular exercise, and residence period. IL-12 levels increased, whereas the NKT cell population decreased with increasing noise levels. The results further suggested that cortisol levels are more influenced by the subject’s sensitivity to noise than to the level of chronic road traffic noise. Therefore, noise appears to have the largest effect on IL-12 levels as well as the population and activity of NKT cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that low-level road traffic noise and sensitivity to noise can affect health by causing changes in the immune response through mechanisms other than increased cortisol.
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193
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Šolcová I, Kebza V, Kodl M, Kernová V. Self-reported Health Status Predicting Resilience and Burnout in Longitudinal Study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:222-227. [PMID: 29022682 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined the links between health-related indicators, adult resilience, and burnout. METHOD The data were collected during two waves of the longitudinal study (in 2004-05, N=98, and 2011-12, N=88, respectively). Health behaviour, self-rated health (SRH), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) were measured. RESULTS The comprehensibility of SOC and physical fatigue of SMBM as measured in wave 2 were determined by SRH as measured in wave 1. In the cross-sectional part, the meaningfulness of SOC was related to SRH, and alcohol consumption in wave 1. The comprehensibility of SOC was related to SRH in wave 2. CONCLUSION SOC is well known to have effect on health. However, the results show that self-reported health had effect on the comprehensibility of SOC. Our data also support the finding that the effect of SRH on burnout is stronger than the effect of burnout on SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Šolcová
- Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kebza
- Department of Psychology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kodl
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Kernová
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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Naczenski LM, Vries JDD, Hooff MLMV, Kompier MAJ. Systematic review of the association between physical activity and burnout. J Occup Health 2017; 59:477-494. [PMID: 28993574 PMCID: PMC5721270 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0050-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Burnout constitutes a health risk, and interventions are needed to reduce it. The aim of this study was to synthesize evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity and burnout by conducting a systematic review of longitudinal and intervention studies. Methods: A literature search resulted in the identification of a final set of ten studies: four longitudinal and six intervention studies. In separate analyses for each category, evidence was synthesized by extracting the study characteristics and assessing the methodological quality of each study. The strength of evidence was calculated with the standardized index of convergence (SIC). Results: In longitudinal studies, we found moderately strong evidence (SIC (4) = -1) for a negative relationship between physical activity and the key component of burnout, i.e., exhaustion. We found strong evidence (SIC (6) = -0.86) for the effect of physical activity on reducing exhaustion in intervention studies. As only one study could be classified as a high quality study, these results of previous studies need to be interpreted with some caution. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that physical activity constitutes an effective medium for the reduction of burnout. Although consistent evidence was found, there is a lack of high quality longitudinal and intervention studies considering the influence of physical activity on burnout. Therefore, future research should be conducted with the aim to produce high quality studies, to develop a full picture of physical activity as a strategy to reduce burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juriena D de Vries
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University.,Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Work & Organizational Psychology
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Salvagioni DAJ, Melanda FN, Mesas AE, González AD, Gabani FL, de Andrade SM. Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185781. [PMID: 28977041 PMCID: PMC5627926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome that results from chronic stress at work, with several consequences to workers' well-being and health. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of the physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout in prospective studies. The PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched without language or date restrictions. The Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Prospective studies that analyzed burnout as the exposure condition were included. Among the 993 articles initially identified, 61 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 36 were analyzed because they met three criteria that must be followed in prospective studies. Burnout was a significant predictor of the following physical consequences: hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, changes in pain experiences, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries and mortality below the age of 45 years. The psychological effects were insomnia, depressive symptoms, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalization for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms. Job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, new disability pension, job demands, job resources and presenteeism were identified as professional outcomes. Conflicting findings were observed. In conclusion, several prospective and high-quality studies showed physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. The individual and social impacts of burnout highlight the need for preventive interventions and early identification of this health condition in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Kanthak MK, Stalder T, Hill LK, Thayer JF, Penz M, Kirschbaum C. Autonomic dysregulation in burnout and depression: evidence for the central role of exhaustion. Scand J Work Environ Health 2017; 43:475-484. [PMID: 28514792 PMCID: PMC5788013 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Given the important role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in stress regulation, astonishingly little is known about ANS functioning in burnout, a condition arising after prolonged exposure to work-related stress. The current study sought to investigate ANS modulation, as indexed by vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV), in relation to burnout symptomatology to (i) distinguish associations between the three dimensions of burnout [emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism, reduced personal accomplishment] and (ii) investigate overlap in associations with depressive symptomatology. Methods Assessments of vagally-mediated HRV (ie, root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD) were conducted in a large population-based sample from the Dresden Burnout Study [N=410, mean age 42.2, standard deviation (SD) 11.2 years; 33.4% male]. Vagally-mediated HRV was assessed for 90 seconds during an emotionally-arousing situation (venipuncture, recumbent), a 335-second recumbent recovery period, and a 335-second seated resting condition. Results Results from multiple linear regression analyses revealed that EE was negatively related to RMSSD during venipuncture (=β -0.11, P=0.03) and the seated rest (β= -0.09, P=0.04) even after accounting for established ANS modulators (eg, age, body mass index). This pattern was not observed for the other dimensions of burnout. Exploratory analyses of depressive symptomatology further revealed that RMSSD was significantly and inversely associated with burnout-related symptoms but not with the core criteria of depression (eg, depressed mood). Conclusions This study presents evidence for a link between exhaustion and reduced vagal function, both in burnout and depression, suggesting that ANS modulations may not be disorder-specific but rather a psychophysiological correlate of an underlying feature shared by both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Kanthak
- Department of Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, DE-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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DeCaporale-Ryan L, Sakran JV, Grant SB, Alseidi A, Rosenberg T, Goldberg RF, Sanfey H, Dubose J, Stawicki S, Ricca R, Derrick ET, Bernstein CA, Jardine DA, Stefanou AJ, Aziz B, He E, Dissanaike S, Fortuna COLGR, Oviedo RJ, Shapiro J, Galowitz P, Moalem J. The undiagnosed pandemic: Burnout and depression within the surgical community. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:453-502. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Moderated Mediation Model of the Effects of Early Childhood Teachers’ Perceived Social Support, Job Stress, and Teacher Efficacy on Burnout. ADONGHAKOEJI 2017. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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