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Urb M, Niinep K, Matsalu T, Kipper K, Herodes K, Zharkovsky A, Timmusk T, Anier K, Kalda A. The role of DNA methyltransferase activity in cocaine treatment and withdrawal in the nucleus accumbens of mice. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12720. [PMID: 30730091 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports have provided crucial evidence that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, may be involved in initiating and establishing psychostimulant-induced stable changes at the cellular level by coordinating the expression of gene networks, which then manifests as long-term behavioral changes. In this study, we evaluated the enzyme activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) after cocaine treatment and during withdrawal. Furthermore, we studied how genetic or pharmacological inhibition of DNMTs in mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc) affects the induction and expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Our results showed that after silencing Dnmt3a in the NAc during the induction phase of cocaine-induced sensitization, overall DNMT activity decreases, correlating negatively with behavioral sensitization. Reduced Dnmt3a mRNA during this phase was the largest contributing factor for decreased DNMT activity. Cocaine withdrawal and a challenge dose increased DNMT activity in the NAc, which was associated with the expression of behavioral sensitization. Long-term selective Dnmt3a transcription silencing in the NAc did not alter DNMT activity or the expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. However, bilateral intra-NAc injection of a non-specific inhibitor of DNMT (RG108) during withdrawal from cocaine decreased DNMT activity in the NAc and had a small effect on the expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Thus, cocaine treatment and withdrawal is associated with biphasic changes in DNMT activity in the NAc, and the expression of behavioral sensitization decreases with non-selective inhibition of DNMT but not with selective silencing of Dnmt3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Urb
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Kerly Niinep
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Terje Matsalu
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Karin Kipper
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Tõnis Timmusk
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology Estonia
| | - Kaili Anier
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
| | - Anti Kalda
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Estonia
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152
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Ali I, Suhail M, Alothman ZA, Abdulrahman A, Aboul-Enein HY. Drug analyses in human plasma by chromatography. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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153
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Thompson A, Cook J, Choquet H, Jorgenson E, Yin J, Kinnunen T, Barclay J, Morris AP, Pirmohamed M. Functional validity, role, and implications of heavy alcohol consumption genetic loci. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5034. [PMID: 31998841 PMCID: PMC6962045 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High alcohol consumption is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, yet few genetic loci have been robustly associated with alcohol intake. Here, we use U.K. Biobank (n = 125,249) and GERA (n = 47,967) datasets to determine genetic factors associated with extreme population-level alcohol consumption and examine the functional validity of outcomes using model organisms and in silico techniques. We identified six loci attaining genome-wide significant association with alcohol consumption after meta-analysis and meeting our criteria for replication: ADH1B (lead SNP: rs1229984), KLB (rs13130794), BTF3P13 (rs144198753), GCKR (rs1260326), SLC39A8 (rs13107325), and DRD2 (rs11214609). A conserved role in phenotypic responses to alcohol was observed for all genetic targets available for investigation (ADH1B, GCKR, SLC39A8, and KLB) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Evidence of causal links to lung cancer, and shared genetic architecture with gout and hypertension was also found. These findings offer insight into genes, pathways, and relationships for disease risk associated with high alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thompson
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Cook
- Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Tarja Kinnunen
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Jeff Barclay
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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154
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Aghighi F, Mohammadifar M, Banafsheh H, Salami M, Talaei SA. Behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of cognition in neonate rats lactated by morphine addicted mothers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1059-1064. [PMID: 31807250 PMCID: PMC6880524 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.36892.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In addition to genetic factors, environmental phenomena during postnatal age highly affect development and, in turn, function of the brain. The present work evaluates if morphine consumption during lactation period influences the spatial performances and synaptic plasticity in rats at neonatal period of age. Materials and Methods Three groups of mothers were subcutaneously administered by 5 (M5), 10 (M10) or 20 (M20) mg/kg morphine every 12 hours during the lactation period. At 45 days old, their offspring were introduced to Morris water maze for assessment of spatial learning and memory. Basic field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area of hippocampus and, then, long term potentiation (LTP) was induced by tetanic stimulation. Results We found that the M10 and M20 rats spent more time and traveled longer distance to find the hidden platform of maze when compared to the control animals (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Similarly, these two morphine-exposed groups were inferior in the memory consolidation compared to their control counterparts. Comparing control and M20 rats revealed that morphine exposure decreases the mean amplitude and slope 10-90% of fEPSPs about 30 percent (P<0.001 for both comparisons) and inhibits the LTP induction in the CA1 area circuits. Conclusion The present study provides behavioral and electrophysiological proofs for negative effect of morphine on the hippocampal-related function in the neonatally morphine-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghighi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadifar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Banafsheh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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155
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Phosphorylation of Npas4 by MAPK Regulates Reward-Related Gene Expression and Behaviors. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3235-3252.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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156
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Vijeepallam K, Pandy V, Murugan DD, Naidu M. Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1713-1722. [PMID: 31396844 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa leaf (MMS) against the rewarding and reinforcing properties of ethanol using a mouse model of conditioned place preference (CPP) and runway model of drug self-administration was studied. Subsequently, the effect of MMS on dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mouse brain was further investigated. From the data obtained, MMS (50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the ethanol-place preference in mice, which is similar to the effect observed in the reference drugs acamprosate (300 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment groups in CPP test. Likewise, the escalating doses of ethanol-conditioned mice reduced the runtime to reach goal box, infers the positive reinforcing effects of alcohol. Interestingly, MMS (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the runtime in ethanol-conditioned mice. Besides, MMS (50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o.) and reference drugs; acamprosate (300 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) treated mice significantly decreased the alcohol-induced elevated dopamine level in the NAc region of the brain. Overall, this study provides first evidence that MMS inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that Mitragyna speciosa may well be utilized for novel drug development to combat alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Vijeepallam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522034, India.
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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157
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Fu Y, Depue RA. A novel neurobehavioral framework of the effects of positive early postnatal experience on incentive and consummatory reward sensitivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:615-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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158
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Berardino BG, Fesser EA, Belluscio LM, Gianatiempo O, Pregi N, Cánepa ET. Effects of cocaine base paste on anxiety-like behavior and immediate-early gene expression in nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex of female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3525-3539. [PMID: 31280332 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cocaine base paste (CBP) is an illegal drug of abuse usually consumed by adolescents in a socio-economically vulnerable situation. Repeated drug use targets key brain circuits disrupting the processes that underlie emotions and cognition. At the basis of such neuroadaptations lie changes in the expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs). Nevertheless, changes in transcriptional regulation associated with CBP consumption remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe behavioral phenotype related to locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and memory of CBP-injected mice and to study IEGs expression after an abstinence period. METHODS Five-week-old female CF-1 mice were i.p. injected daily with vehicle or CBP (40 mg/kg) for 10 days and subjected to a 10-day period of abstinence. Open field and novel object recognition tests were used to evaluate locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors and recognition memory, respectively, during chronic administration and after abstinence. After abstinence, prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were isolated and gene expression analysis performed through real-time PCR. RESULTS We found an increase in locomotion and anxiety-like behavior during CBP administration and after the abstinence period. Furthermore, the CBP group showed impaired recognition memory after abstinence. Egr1, FosB, ΔFosB, Arc, Bdnf, and TrkB expression was upregulated in CBP-injected mice in NAc and FosB, ΔFosB, Arc, and Npas4 expression was downregulated in mPFC. We generated an anxiety score and found positive and negative correlations with IEGs expression in NAc and mPFC, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic CBP exposure induced alterations in anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory. These changes were accompanied by altered IEGs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía A Fesser
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Octavio Gianatiempo
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pregi
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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159
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Wang L, Bai M, Jin T, Zheng J, Wang Y, He Y, Yuan D, He X. Effects of CYP3A4 Polymorphisms on Drug Addiction Risk Among the Chinese Han Population. Front Public Health 2019; 7:315. [PMID: 31799230 PMCID: PMC6878905 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) regulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions during the process of drug absorption and metabolism, suggesting CYP3A4 plays an important role in drug addiction. However, the association between CYP3A4 polymorphisms and drug addiction risk is still not clear. Methods: This case-control study included 504 drug addicts and 501 healthy controls from Xi'an, China. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CYP3A4 (rs3735451, rs4646440, rs35564277, and rs4646437) were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform. After adjusting by age and gender, we calculated odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by logistic regression to estimate the association between CYP3A4 polymorphisms and drug addiction risk. Results: We found rs4646440 and rs4646437 were associated with decreased risk of drug addiction in codominant (rs4646440: OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.92, p = 0.030; rs4646437: OR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04–0.87, p = 0.032) and recessive (rs4646440: OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.91, p = 0.028; rs4646437: OR = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.04–0.90, p = 0.036) models. Rs3735451 and rs4646437 were associated with drug addiction risk in the subgroup of middle-aged people (44 < age ≤ 59) and elderly people (age ≥ 60), individually. For men, rs3735451, rs4646440, and rs4646437 had strong relationship with decreased risk of drug addiction (p < 0.05). The effects of rs3735451 on drug addiction risk were related to drug-using time (p < 0.05). We also observed one block (rs4646440 and rs35564277) in haplotype analysis. Conclusion:CYP3A4 polymorphisms were associated with drug addiction risk among the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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160
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Transient Chemogenetic Inhibition of D1-MSNs in the Dorsal Striatum Enhances Methamphetamine Self-Administration. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110330. [PMID: 31752398 PMCID: PMC6895983 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum is important for the development of drug addiction; however, the role of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expressing medium-sized spiny striatonigral (direct pathway) neurons (D1-MSNs) in regulating excessive methamphetamine intake remains elusive. Here we seek to determine if modulating D1-MSNs in the dorsal striatum alters methamphetamine self-administration in animals that have demonstrated escalation of self-administration. A viral vector-mediated approach was used to induce expression of the inhibitory (Gi coupled-hM4D) or stimulatory (Gs coupled-rM3D) designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) engineered to specifically respond to the exogenous ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) selectively in D1-MSNs in the dorsal striatum. CNO in animals expressing hM4D increased responding for methamphetamine compared to vehicle in a within subject treatment paradigm. CNO in animals that did not express DREADDs (DREADD naïve-CNO) or expressed rM3D did not alter responding for methamphetamine, demonstrating specificity for hM4D-CNO interaction in increasing self-administration. Postmortem tissue analysis reveals that hM4D-CNO animals had reduced Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum compared to rM3D-CNO animals and DREADD naïve-CNO animals. Cellular mechanisms in the dorsal striatum in hM4D-CNO animals reveal enhanced expression of D1R and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Conversely, rM3D-CNO animals had enhanced activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) and Akt in the dorsal striatum, supporting rM3D-CNO interaction in these animals compared with drug naïve controls, DREADD naïve-CNO and hM4D-CNO animals. Our studies indicate that transient inhibition of D1-MSNs-mediated strengthening of methamphetamine addiction-like behavior is associated with cellular adaptations that support dysfunctional dopamine signaling in the dorsal striatum.
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161
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Rakib F, Ali CM, Yousuf M, Afifi M, Bhatt PR, Ullah E, Al-Saad K, Ali MHM. Investigation of Biochemical Alterations in Ischemic Stroke Using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy-A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110293. [PMID: 31717715 PMCID: PMC6895834 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain damage, long-term disability and death are the dreadful consequences of ischemic stroke. It causes imbalance in the biochemical constituents that distorts the brain dynamics. Understanding the sub-cellular alterations associated with the stroke will contribute to deeper molecular understanding of brain plasticity and recovery. Current routine approaches examining lipid and protein biochemical changes post stoke can be difficult. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy can play a vital role in detecting these molecular alterations on a sub-cellular level due to its high spatial resolution, accuracy and sensitivity. This study investigates the biochemical and molecular changes in peri-infract zone (PIZ) (contiguous area not completely damaged by stroke) and ipsi-lesional white matter (WM) (right below the stroke and PIZ regions) nine weeks post photothrombotic ischemic stroke in rats. Materials and Methods: FTIR imaging spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were applied to investigate brain tissue samples while hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of adjacent sections were prepared for comparison and examination the morphological changes post stroke. Results: TEM results revealed shearing of myelin sheaths and loss of cell membrane, structure and integrity after ischemic stroke. FTIR results showed that ipsi-lesional PIZ and WM experienced reduction in total protein and total lipid content compared to contra-lesional hemisphere. The lipid/protein ratio reduced in PIZ and adjacent WM indicated lipid peroxidation, which results in lipid chain fragmentation and an increase in olefinic content. Protein structural change is observed in PIZ due to the shift from random coli and α-helical structures to β-sheet conformation. Conclusion: FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy provide novel biochemical information at sub-cellular levels that be difficult to be obtained by routine approaches. The results suggest that successful therapeutic strategy that is based on administration of anti-oxidant therapy, which could reduce and prevent neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation products. This approach will mitigate tissue damage in chronic ischemic period. FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy can be used as a powerful tool and offer new approach in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Carmen M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Mohammed Yousuf
- Central Laboratory Unit (CLU), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohammed Afifi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Pooja R. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. M. Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha 34110, Qatar
- Qatar National Library, Doha 5825, Qatar
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
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162
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Wang W, Zeng F, Hu Y, Li X. A Mini-Review of the Role of Glutamate Transporter in Drug Addiction. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1123. [PMID: 31695674 PMCID: PMC6817614 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Goals: The development of new treatment for drug abuse requires identification of targetable molecular mechanisms. The pathology of glutamate neurotransmission system in the brain reward circuit is related to the relapse of multiple drugs. Glutamate transporter regulates glutamate signaling by removing excess glutamate from the synapse. And the mechanisms between glutamate transporter and drug addiction are still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of the literature searched in Pubmed and reporting drug addiction in relation to glutamate transporter. Studies were screened by title, abstract, and full text. Results: This review is to highlight the effects of drug addiction on glutamate transporter and glutamate uptake, and targeting glutamate transporter as an addictive drug addiction treatment. We focus on the roles of glutamate transporter in different brain regions in drug addiction. More importantly, we suggest the functional roles of glutamate transporter may prove beneficial in the treatment of drug addiction. Conclusion: Overall, understanding how glutamate transporter impacts central nervous system may provide a new insight for treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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163
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The influence of opioid dependence on salt consumption and related psychological parameters in mice and humans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:19-26. [PMID: 31400713 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of dietary salt (NaCl) is controlled by neuronal pathways that are modulated by endogenous opioid signalling. The latter is disrupted by chronic use of exogenous opioid receptor agonists, such as morphine. Therefore, opioid dependence may influence salt consumption, which we investigated in two complimentary studies in humans and mice. METHODS Human study: three groups were recruited: i. Individuals who are currently opioid dependent and receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST); ii. Previously opioid dependent individuals, who are currently abstinent, and; iii. Healthy controls with no history of opioid dependence. Participants tasted solutions containing different salt concentrations and indicated levels of salt 'desire', salt 'liking', and perceptions of 'saltiness'. Mouse study: preference for 0.1 M versus 0.2 M NaCl and overall levels of salt consumption were recorded during and after chronic escalating morphine treatment. RESULTS Human study: Abstinent participants' 'desire' for and 'liking' of salt was shifted towards more highly concentrated salt solutions relative to control and OST individuals. Mouse study: Mice increased their total salt consumption during morphine treatment relative to vehicle controls, which persisted for 3 days after cessation of treatment. Preference for 'low' versus 'high' concentrations of salt were unchanged. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a possible common mechanistic cross-sensitization to salt that is present in both mice and humans and builds our understanding of how opioid dependence can influence dietary salt consumption. This research may help inform better strategies to improve the diet and overall wellbeing of the growing number of individuals who develop opioid dependence.
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164
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Akinola LS, Mckiver B, Toma W, Zhu AZX, Tyndale RF, Kumar V, Damaj MI. C57BL/6 Substrain Differences in Pharmacological Effects after Acute and Repeated Nicotine Administration. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100244. [PMID: 31546627 PMCID: PMC6827359 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the major cause of disability and death in the United States and around the world. In addition, tobacco dependence and addiction express themselves as complex behaviors involving an interplay of genetics, environment, and psychological state. Mouse genetic studies could potentially elucidate the novel genes and/or gene networks regulating various aspects of nicotine dependence. Using the closely related C57BL/6 (B6) mice substrains, recent reports have noted phenotypic differences within C57BL/6J (B6J) and C57BL/6N (B6N) mice for some drugs of abuse: alcohol, opiates, and cocaine. However, the differences in nicotine’s effects have not yet been described in these substrains. We examined the phenotypic differences in these substrains following the acute and repeated administration of nicotine in several pharmacological measures, including locomotion (after acute and repeated exposure), body temperature, nociception, and anxiety-like behaviors. We report substrain differences in the pharmacological effects of acute and repeated nicotine administration in the B6 substrains. Overall, we show enhanced nicotine sensitivity to locomotion, hypothermia, antinociception, and anxiety-like behaviors in the B6J mouse substrain compared to B6N. In the repeated administration paradigm, both the B6N and B6J substrains showed no sensitized locomotor responses after repeated exposure to nicotine at the two doses tested. This study thus provides evidence that the B6 mouse substrains may be useful for genetic studies to elucidate some of the genetic variants involved in tobacco dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois S Akinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Bryan Mckiver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Andy Z X Zhu
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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165
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Kim M, Custodio RJ, Botanas CJ, de la Peña JB, Sayson LV, Abiero A, Ryoo ZY, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. The circadian gene, Per2, influences methamphetamine sensitization and reward through the dopaminergic system in the striatum of mice. Addict Biol 2019; 24:946-957. [PMID: 30091820 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder, influenced by complex interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors. Per2, a circadian gene, plays a role in drug addiction. Previous studies using Per2-knockout mice have shown a role for Per2 in cocaine, morphine and alcohol addiction. In the present study, we investigated the role of Per2 in methamphetamine (METH) addiction using Per2-overexpression and knockout mice. We observed locomotor sensitization responses to METH administration, and rewarding effects using a conditioned place preference test. In addition, we measured expression levels of dopamine and dopamine-related genes (monoamine oxidase A, DA receptor 1, DA receptor 2, DA active transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase and cAMP response element-binding protein 1) in the striatum of the mice after repeated METH treatments, using qRT-PCR. Per2-overexpressed mice showed decreased locomotor sensitization and rewarding effects of METH compared to the wildtype mice, whereas the opposite was observed in Per2 knockout mice. Both types of transgenic mice showed altered expression levels of dopamine-related genes after repeated METH administration. Specifically, we observed lower dopamine levels in Per2-overexpressed mice and higher levels in Per2-knockout mice. Taken together, Per2 expression levels may influence the addictive effects of METH through the dopaminergic system in the striatum of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | - Raly James Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | | | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | - Arvie Abiero
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Korea
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166
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Tanabe J, Regner M, Sakai J, Martinez D, Gowin J. Neuroimaging reward, craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders: review and implications for treatment. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180942. [PMID: 30855982 PMCID: PMC6732921 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a leading causes of preventable disease and mortality. Drugs of abuse cause molecular and cellular changes in specific brain regions and these neuroplastic changes are thought to play a role in the transition to uncontrolled drug use. Neuroimaging has identified neural substrates associated with problematic substance use and may offer clues to reduce its burden on the patient and society. Here, we provide a narrative review of neuroimaging studies that have examined the structures and circuits associated with reward, cues and craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders. Most studies use advanced MRI or positron emission tomography (PET). Many studies have focused on the dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, and the regions where these neurons terminate, such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decreases in dopamine receptors and transmission have been found in chronic users of drugs, alcohol, and nicotine. Recent studies also show evidence of differences in structure and function in substance users relative to controls in brain regions involved in salience evaluation, such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Balancing between reward-related bottom-up and cognitive-control-related top-down processes is discussed in the context of neuromodulation as a potential treatment. Finally, some of the challenges for understanding substance use disorder using neuroimaging methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Regner
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
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167
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Abstract
Substance and alcohol use disorders impose large health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Neither prevention nor treatment efforts are effective in all individuals. Results are often modest. Advances in neuroscience and addiction research have helped to describe the neurobiological changes that occur when a person transitions from recreational substance use to a substance use disorder or addiction. Understanding both the drivers and consequences of substance use in vulnerable populations, including those whose brains are still maturing, has revealed behavioral and biological characteristics that can increase risks of addiction. These findings are particularly timely, as law- and policymakers are tasked to reverse the ongoing opioid epidemic, as more states legalize marijuana, as new products including electronic cigarettes and newly designed abused substances enter the legal and illegal markets, and as "deaths of despair" from alcohol and drug misuse continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Uhl
- New Mexico VA Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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168
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Ren M, Lotfipour S. Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:696-709. [PMID: 31539325 PMCID: PMC6754186 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.7.41661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rise in teenage use of electronic nicotine delivery systems ("vaping") in congruence with the increasing numbers of drug-related emergencies, it is critical to expand the knowledge of the physical and behavioral risks associated with developmental nicotine exposure. A further understanding of the molecular and neurochemical underpinnings of nicotine's gateway effects allows emergency clinicians to advise patients and families and adjust treatment accordingly, which may minimize the use of tobacco, nicotine, and future substances. Currently, the growing use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes among teenagers represents a major public health concern. Adolescent exposure to tobacco or nicotine can lead to subsequent abuse of nicotine and other substances, which is known as the gateway hypothesis. Adolescence is a developmentally sensitive time period when risk-taking behaviors, such as sensation seeking and drug experimentation, often begin. These hallmark behaviors of adolescence are largely due to maturational changes in the brain. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs of abuse, including tobacco and nicotine products, which activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Disruption of nAChR development with early nicotine use may influence the function and pharmacology of the receptor subunits and alter the release of reward-related neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and glutamate. In this review, we emphasize that the effects of nicotine are highly dependent on timing of exposure, with a dynamic interaction of nAChRs with dopaminergic, endocannabinoid, and opioidergic systems to enhance general drug reward and reinforcement. We analyzed available literature regarding adolescent substance use and nicotine's impact on the developing brain and behavior using the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published in English between January 1968 and November 2018. We present a large collection of clinical and preclinical evidence that adolescent nicotine exposure influences long-term molecular, biochemical, and functional changes in the brain that encourage subsequent drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ren
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, California
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, California
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169
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Inhibition of FGF Receptor-1 Suppresses Alcohol Consumption: Role of PI3 Kinase Signaling in Dorsomedial Striatum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7947-7957. [PMID: 31375540 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0805-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake leads to mesostriatal neuroadaptations, and to addiction phenotypes. We recently found in rodents that alcohol increases fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), which promotes alcohol consumption. Here, we show that systemic or intra-DMS blockade of the FGF2 receptor, FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1), suppresses alcohol consumption, and that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that sub-chronic alcohol treatment (7 d × 2.5 g/kg, i.p.) increased Fgfr1 mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum. However, prolonged and excessive voluntary alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice procedure increased Fgfr1 expression selectively in DMS. Importantly, systemic administration of the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 to mice, as well as its infusion into the DMS of rats, decreased alcohol consumption and preference, with no effects on natural reward consumption. Finally, inhibition of the PI3K, but not of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, blocked the effects of FGF2 on alcohol intake and preference. Our results suggest that activation of FGFR1 by FGF2 in the DMS leads to activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, which promotes excessive alcohol consumption, and that inhibition of FGFR1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term alcohol consumption causes neuroadaptations in the mesostriatal reward system, leading to addiction-related behaviors. We recently showed that alcohol upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or rats and mice, and in turn, FGF2 increases alcohol consumption. Here, we show that long-term alcohol intake also increases the expression of the FGF2 receptor, FGFR1 in the DMS. Importantly, inhibition of FGFR1 activity by a selective receptor antagonist reduces alcohol drinking, when given systemically or directly into the DMS. We further show that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via activation of the PI3K intracellular signaling pathway, providing an insight on the mechanism for this effect.
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170
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Badiani A, Caprioli D, De Pirro S. Opposite environmental gating of the experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin versus cocaine in animals and humans: implications for computational neuroscience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2451-2471. [PMID: 31289884 PMCID: PMC6695361 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, we reviewed translational studies concerned with environmental influences on the rewarding effects of heroin versus cocaine in rats and humans with substance use disorder. These studies show that both experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin and cocaine shift in opposite directions as a function of the setting in which these drugs were used. Briefly, rats and humans prefer using heroin at home but cocaine outside the home. These findings appear to challenge prevailing theories of drug reward, which focus on the notion of shared substrate of action for drug of abuse, and in particular on their shared ability to facilitate dopaminergic transmission. AIMS Thus, in the second part of the paper, we verified whether our findings could be accounted for by available computational models of reward. To account for our findings, a model must include a component that could mediate the substance-specific influence of setting on drug reward RESULTS: It appears of the extant models that none is fully compatible with the results of our studies. CONCLUSIONS We hope that this paper will serve as stimulus to design computational models more attuned to the complex mechanisms responsible for the rewarding effects of drugs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana De Pirro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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171
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Giorgi O, Corda MG, Fernández-Teruel A. A Genetic Model of Impulsivity, Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms With Translational Potential: The Roman High- vs. Low-Avoidance Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31333426 PMCID: PMC6624787 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two lines/strains that differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity, with RHA rats being less fearful than their RLA counterparts. Many other behavioral traits have been segregated along the selection procedure; thus, compared with their RLA counterparts, RHA rats behave as proactive copers in the face of aversive conditions, display a robust sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) profile, and show high impulsivity and an innate preference for natural and drug rewards. Impulsivity is a multifaceted behavioral trait and is generally defined as a tendency to express actions that are poorly conceived, premature, highly risky or inappropriate to the situation, that frequently lead to unpleasant consequences. High levels of impulsivity are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Herein, we review the behavioral and neurochemical differences between RHA and RLA rats and survey evidence that RHA rats represent a valid genetic model, with face, construct, and predictive validity, to investigate the neural underpinnings of behavioral disinhibition, novelty seeking, impulsivity, vulnerability to drug addiction as well as deficits in attentional processes, cognitive impairments and other schizophrenia-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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172
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Wang Q, Hu Y, Wan J, Dong B, Sun J. Lactate: A Novel Signaling Molecule in Synaptic Plasticity and Drug Addiction. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900008. [PMID: 31270822 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Lactate is emerging as a crucial regulatory nexus for energy metabolism in the brain and signaling transduction in synaptic plasticity, memory processes, and drug addiction instead of being merely a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis. In this review, the role of lactate in various memory processes, synapse plasticity and drug addiction on the basis of recent studies is summarized and discussed. To this end, three main parts are presented: first, lactate as an energy substrate in energy metabolism of the brain is described; second, lactate as a novel signaling molecule in synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, memory, and drug addiction is described; and third, in light of the above descriptions, it is plausible to speculate that lactate is predominantly a signaling molecule in specific memory processes and partly acts as an energy substrate. The future perspective in lactate signaling involving microglia and associated precise signaling pathways in the brain is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Paediatrics, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, China
| | - Jiale Wan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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173
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Hirano M, Iritani S, Fujishiro H, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Sekiguchi H, Yoshida M, Ozaki N. Clinicopathological differences between the motor onset and psychiatric onset of Huntington's disease, focusing on the nucleus accumbens. Neuropathology 2019; 39:331-341. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hirano
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of PsychiatryAich Psychiatric Medical Center Nagoya Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of PsychiatryOkehazama Hospital Fujita Mental Care Center & the Neuroscience Research Center Toyoake Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of PsychiatryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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174
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Wheatley SD, Whitaker MJG. Why do people overeat? Hunger, psychological eating and type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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175
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Kazi JA, Zatilfarihiah R. Gabapentin completely neutralized the acute morphine activation in the rat hypothalamus: a c-Fos study. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The molecular mechanism of gabapentin (GBP)–morphine combinational function and its neuro-anatomical sites of action to prevent, to neutralize morphine side effects and also the enhancement its analgesic effect of morphine is unknown. Methods: Morphine (10 mg/kg), saline, co-injection: GBP (150 mg/kg) with morphine (10 mg/kg) were injected by intraperitoneal injection in rats under deep anaesthesia. C-Fos immunohistochemistry technique was used to locate c-Fos expression in rat hypothalamus. Results: Gabapentin in combination with morphine significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the acute morphine induced c-Fos immunoreactive neuron in hypothalamus. Conclusion: GBP neutralized the morphine sensitization in rat hypothalamus. GBP might neuromodulate and or antagonize the receptor regulatory machinery of morphine sensitization circuit which might work for drug discovery of morphine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahsan Kazi
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Faculty of Dentistry, Centre of Studies for Preclinical Science, Jalan Hospital, 47000 SUNGAI BULOH, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasdi Zatilfarihiah
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Faculty of Dentistry, Centre of Studies for Preclinical Science, Jalan Hospital, 47000 SUNGAI BULOH, Selangor, Malaysia
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176
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González-Arancibia C, Urrutia-Piñones J, Illanes-González J, Martinez-Pinto J, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Julio-Pieper M, Bravo JA. Do your gut microbes affect your brain dopamine? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1611-1622. [PMID: 31098656 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows changes in gut microbiota composition in association with psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. Moreover, it has been reported that perturbations in gut microbe diversity and richness influence serotonergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Among these, dopamine is regarded as a main regulator of cognitive functions such as decision making, attention, memory, motivation, and reward. In this work, we will highlight findings that link alterations in intestinal microbiota and dopaminergic neurotransmission, with a particular emphasis on the mesocorticolimbic circuit, which is involved in reward to natural reinforcers, as well as abuse substances. For this, we reviewed evidence from studies carried out on germ-free animals, or in rodents subjected to intestinal dysbiosis using antibiotics, and also through the use of probiotics. All this evidence strongly supports that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is key to the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders involving those where dopaminergic neurotransmission is compromised. In addition, the gut microbiota appears as a key player when it comes to proposing novel strategies to the treatment of these psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila González-Arancibia
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Pinto
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Julio-Pieper
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier A Bravo
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.
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177
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Engel GL, Taber K, Vinton E, Crocker AJ. Studying alcohol use disorder using Drosophila melanogaster in the era of 'Big Data'. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2019; 15:7. [PMID: 30992041 PMCID: PMC6469124 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the networks of genes and protein functions involved in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) remains incomplete, as do the mechanisms by which these networks lead to AUD phenotypes. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is an efficient model for functional and mechanistic characterization of the genes involved in alcohol behavior. The fly offers many advantages as a model organism for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of alcohol-related behaviors, and for understanding the underlying neural circuitry driving behaviors, such as locomotor stimulation, sedation, tolerance, and appetitive (reward) learning and memory. Fly researchers are able to use an extensive variety of tools for functional characterization of gene products. To understand how the fly can guide our understanding of AUD in the era of Big Data we will explore these tools, and review some of the gene networks identified in the fly through their use, including chromatin-remodeling, glial, cellular stress, and innate immunity genes. These networks hold great potential as translational drug targets, making it prudent to conduct further research into how these gene mechanisms are involved in alcohol behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Engel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Castleton University, Castleton, VT 05735 USA
| | - Kreager Taber
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Elizabeth Vinton
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Amanda J. Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
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178
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Huang J, Wang J, Guo Q, Zou W. Emerging roles of microRNAs in morphine tolerance. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1139-1147. [PMID: 31114297 PMCID: PMC6497837 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s187592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is commonly used in clinical management to alleviate moderate-to-severe pain. However, prolonged and repeated use of morphine leads to tolerance. Morphine tolerance is a challenging clinical problem that limits its clinical application in pain treatment. The mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance are still not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs containing 18~22 nucleotides that modulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, and their dysregulation causes various diseases. miRNAs bind to the 3ʹ-UTR (untranslated region) of target gene mRNA, inhibiting or destabilizing translation of the transcripts. Morphine causes differential miRNA upregulation or downregulation. This review will present evidence for the contribution of miRNAs to tolerance of the antinociception effect of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangju Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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179
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Dnmt3a2 in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediates Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking Behavior. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2574-2576. [PMID: 30944234 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2584-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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180
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Su H, Zhu L, Li J, Wang R, Liu D, Han W, Cadet JL, Chen T. Regulation of microRNA-29c in the nucleus accumbens modulates methamphetamine -induced locomotor sensitization in mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 148:160-168. [PMID: 30639389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) may play important roles in regulating drug addiction. MiR-29c is a highly expressed miRNA in the human and rodent nervous systems where it plays a broad regulatory role. As the first step towards investigating potential functions of miR-29c in methamphetamine (METH) addiction, we used C57BL/6 mice in a model of METH-induced locomotor sensitization. We measured miR-29c expression changes in the NAc of the mice after repeated-intermittent METH exposure and acute METH administration respectively by using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that miR-29c expression was significantly down-regulated in the NAc of METH-sensitized mice but not in the acute METH-treated mice. Then, we tested the respective effects of miR-29c over-expression and inhibition in the NAc on METH-induced locomotor sensitization. To reach this goal, we constructed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-expressing miR-29c (AAV-miR-29c) and its corresponding inhibitor - tough decoy (AAV-anti-miR-29c TuD) to over-express and inhibit miR-29c, respectively. We found that AAV-miR-29c over-expression in the NAc enhanced METH-induced locomotor sensitization, whereas AAV inhibition of miR-29c expression in the NAc attenuated the effects of METH. Moreover, we observed the participation of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Meg3 in the effects of miR-29c on METH sensitization. Our results suggest that miR-29c is an important epigenetic regulator of METH-induced behavioural sensitization and changes in gene expression. These data further suggest a potential role of miR-29c in regulating long-term METH-induced adaptation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH/DHHS, Bayview Boulevard, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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181
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Soens MA, He J, Bateman BT. Anesthesia considerations and post-operative pain management in pregnant women with chronic opioid use. Semin Perinatol 2019; 43:149-161. [PMID: 30791974 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of opioid use disorder in pregnancy has escalated markedly in recent years. Chronic opioid use during pregnancy poses several challenges for providing adequate analgesia and anesthesia in the peripartum period. These challenges include the potential for withdrawal, opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Here we discuss alterations in analgesic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics that are associated with chronic opioid use. In addition, when treating pain in patients with opioid use disorder it is important to distinguish between different subgroups. In this review, we will discuss practical management strategies for parturients with (1) untreated opioid use disorder, (2) parturients on medication-assisted treatment (methadone, buprenorphine) and (3) patients recovering from opioid use disorder that are currently abstinent. Finally, we offer an overview of non-opioid strategies that may be utilized as part of a multimodal approach to providing optimal analgesia in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke A Soens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jingui He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian T Bateman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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182
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Yager LM, Garcia AF, Donckels EA, Ferguson SM. Chemogenetic inhibition of direct pathway striatal neurons normalizes pathological, cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking in rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:251-264. [PMID: 29314464 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to drugs such as cocaine is marked by cycles of compulsive drug-taking and drug-seeking behavior. Although the transition to addiction is thought to recruit neural processes in dorsal striatum, little is known regarding the role of dorsal striatal projections to the substantia nigra (i.e. the direct pathway) in regulating these behaviors. Combining a Cre-recombinase-dependent chemogenetic approach with a cocaine self-administration paradigm that produces both low-risk and high-risk addiction phenotypes, we examined the effect of transiently decreasing direct pathway activity in the dorsomedial striatum on drug-taking and drug-seeking under conditions of normal and pathological drug use. Surprisingly, transient inhibition of direct pathway striatal neurons had no effect on several measures of addictive behavior during ongoing drug use, including loss of control over drug intake, high motivation to obtain drug and drug use despite negative consequences (i.e. drug use paired with foot shock). However, chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons during reinstatement reduced cue-induced drug-seeking, but only in the high-risk addiction phenotype group. Cue-induced reinstatement was relatively normal in the low-risk addiction phenotype group, as well as following reinstatement to cues associated with sucrose pellet consumption. These results demonstrate that dorsomedial direct pathway striatal neurons play a very specific role in addictive behaviors, which is to regulate the pathological drug-seeking that accompanies relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Yager
- Center for Integrative Brain Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
| | - Aaron F. Garcia
- Center for Integrative Brain Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Donckels
- Center for Integrative Brain Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
| | - Susan M. Ferguson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
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183
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Qiu B, Xu Y, Wang J, Liu M, Dou L, Deng R, Wang C, Williams KE, Stewart RB, Xie Z, Ren W, Zhao Z, Shou W, Liang T, Yong W. Loss of FKBP5 Affects Neuron Synaptic Plasticity: An Electrophysiology Insight. Neuroscience 2019; 402:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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184
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Bonilla-Del Rίo I, Puente N, Peñasco S, Rico I, Gutiérrez-Rodrίguez A, Elezgarai I, Ramos A, Reguero L, Gerrikagoitia I, Christie BR, Nahirney P, Grandes P. Adolescent ethanol intake alters cannabinoid type-1 receptor localization in astrocytes of the adult mouse hippocampus. Addict Biol 2019; 24:182-192. [PMID: 29168269 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type-1 (CB1 ) receptors are widely distributed in the brain and play important roles in astrocyte function and the modulation of neuronal synaptic transmission and plasticity. However, it is currently unknown how CB1 receptor expression in astrocytes is affected by long-term exposure to stressors. Here we examined CB1 receptors in astrocytes of ethanol (EtOH)-exposed adolescent mice to determine its effect on CB1 receptor localization and density in adult brain. 4-8-week-old male mice were exposed to 20 percent EtOH over a period of 4 weeks, and receptor localization was examined after 4 weeks in the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum by pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. Our results revealed a significant reduction in CB1 receptor immunoparticles in astrocytic processes of EtOH-exposed mice when compared with controls (positive astrocyte elements: 21.50 ± 2.80 percent versus 37.22 ± 3.12 percent, respectively), as well as a reduction in particle density (0.24 ± 0.02 versus 0.35 ± 0.02 particles/μm). The majority of CB1 receptor metal particles were in the range of 400-1200 nm from synaptic terminals in both control and EtOH. Altogether, the decrease in the CB1 receptor expression in hippocampal astrocytes of adult mice exposed to EtOH during adolescence reveals a long lasting effect of EtOH on astrocytic CB1 receptors. This deficiency may also have negative consequences for synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Bonilla-Del Rίo
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Sara Peñasco
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Irantzu Rico
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Rodrίguez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Izaskun Elezgarai
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Almudena Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Leire Reguero
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gerrikagoitia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience; Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
- Division of Medical Sciences; University of Victoria; Canada
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185
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Treating Opioid Dependence: Pain Medicine Physiology of Tolerance and Addiction. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2019; 62:87-97. [DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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186
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Areal LB, Hamilton A, Martins-Silva C, Pires RGW, Ferguson SSG. Neuronal scaffolding protein spinophilin is integral for cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and ERK1/2 activation. Mol Brain 2019; 12:15. [PMID: 30803445 PMCID: PMC6388481 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinophilin is a scaffolding protein enriched in dendritic spines with integral roles in the regulation of spine density and morphology, and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. The ability of spinophilin to alter synaptic strength appears to involve its scaffolding of key synaptic proteins, including the important structural element F-actin, AMPA/NMDA modulator protein phosphatase 1, and neuromodulatory G-protein coupled receptors, including dopamine receptor D2 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Additionally, spinophilin is highly expressed in the striatum, a brain region that is fundamentally involved in reward-processing and locomotor activity which receives both glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of spinophilin in behavioral responses to cocaine, evaluating wild-type and spinophilin knockout mice followed by the examination of underlying molecular alterations. Although acute locomotor response was not affected, deletion of spinophilin blocked the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine while maintaining normal conditioned place preference. This behavioral alteration in spinophilin knockout mice was accompanied by attenuated c-Fos and ∆FosB expression following cocaine administration and blunted cocaine-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the striatum, with no change in other relevant signaling molecules. Therefore, we suggest spinophilin fulfills an essential role in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, likely via ERK1/2 phosphorylation and induction of c-Fos and ∆FosB in the striatum, a mechanism that may underlie specific processes in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Bianchine Areal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alison Hamilton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito, Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043-910, Brazil
| | - Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito, Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043-910, Brazil
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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187
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Kasahara Y, Sakakibara Y, Hiratsuka T, Moriya Y, Lesch KP, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Sora I. Repeated methamphetamine treatment increases spine density in the nucleus accumbens of serotonin transporter knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:130-133. [PMID: 30719871 PMCID: PMC7292310 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Repeated psychostimulant drug treatment, including methamphetamine, in rodents readily produces behavioral sensitization, which reflects altered brain function caused by repeated drug exposure. Dendritic remodeling of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens is thought to be an essential mechanism underlying behavioral sensitization. We recently showed that chronic methamphetamine treatment did not produce behavioral sensitization in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Methods In this study, we report the spine density of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens after repeated methamphetamine injection to examine morphological alterations in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Results Golgi‐COX staining clearly showed that the spine density of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens increased following repeated methamphetamine treatment in both wild‐type and serotonin transporter knockout mice. Conclusions Our results suggested that augmented serotonergic neurotransmission produced by serotonin transporter deletion prevents the development of behavioral sensitization in a manner that is independent of dendritic remodeling in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kasahara
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hiratsuka
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Moriya
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - George R Uhl
- Neurology and Research Services, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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188
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MicroRNA-132 in the Adult Dentate Gyrus is Involved in Opioid Addiction Via Modifying the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:486-496. [PMID: 30721395 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-132 (miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain. Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration (MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, specific overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These findings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction, probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.
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189
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Mansouri-Guilani N, Bernard V, Vigneault E, Vialou V, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Gangarossa G. VGLUT3 gates psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. J Neurochem 2019; 148:779-795. [PMID: 30556914 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several subtypes of modulatory neurons co-express vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in addition to their cognate vesicular transporters. These neurons are believed to establish new forms of neuronal communication. The atypical VGLUT3 is of particular interest since in the striatum this subtype is found in tonically active cholinergic interneurons (TANs) and in a subset of 5-HT fibers. The striatum plays a major role in psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. Whether and how VGLUT3-operated glutamate/ACh or glutamate/5HT co-transmissions modulates psychostimulants-induced maladaptive behaviors is still unknown. Here, we investigate the involvement of VGLUT3 and glutamate co-transmission in amphetamine-induced psychomotor effects and stereotypies. Taking advantage of constitutive and cell-type specific VGLUT3-deficient mouse lines, we tackled the hypothesis that VGLUT3 could gate psychomotor effects (locomotor activity and stereotypies) induced by acute or chronic administration of amphetamine. Interestingly, VGLUT3-null mice demonstrated blunted amphetamine-induced stereotypies as well as reduced striatal ∆FosB expression. VGLUT3-positive varicosities within the striatum arise in part from 5HT neurons. We tested the involvement of VGLUT3 deletion in serotoninergic neurons in amphetamine-induced stereotypies. Mice lacking VGLUT3 specifically in 5HT fibers showed no alteration to amphetamine sensitivity. In contrast, specific deletion of VGLUT3 in cholinergic neurons partially phenocopied the effects observed in the constitutive knock-out mice. Our results show that constitutive deletion of VGLUT3 modulates acute and chronic locomotor effects induced by amphetamine. They point to the fact that the expression of VGLUT3 in multiple brain areas is pivotal in gating amphetamine-induced psychomotor adaptations. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mansouri-Guilani
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) CNRS UMR8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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190
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Acute and chronic methylphenidate administration in intact and VTA-specific and nonspecific lesioned rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:173-182. [PMID: 30617502 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPD) is a psychostimulant used for the treatment of ADHD and works by increasing the bioavailability of dopamine (DA) in the brain. As a major source of DA, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) served as the principal target in this study as we aimed to understand its role in modulating the acute and chronic MPD effect. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, sham, electrical lesion, and 6-OHDA lesion groups. Given the VTA's implication in the locomotive circuit, three locomotor indices-horizontal activity, number of stereotypy, and total distance-were used to measure the animals' behavioral response to the drug. Baseline recording was obtained on experimental day 1 (ED 1) followed by surgery on ED 2. After recovery, the behavioral recordings were resumed on ED 8. All groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg/kg MPD for six days after which the animals received no treatment for 3 days. On ED 18, 2.5 mg/kg MPD was re-administered to assess for the chronic effect of the psychostimulant. Except for one index, there was an increase in locomotive activity in all experimental groups after surgery (in comparison to baseline activity), acute MPD exposure, induction with six daily doses, and after MPD re-challenge. Furthermore, the increase was greatest in the electrical VTA lesion group and lowest in the 6-OHDA VTA lesion group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the VTA may not be the primary nucleus of MPD action, and the VTA plays an inhibitory role in the locomotive circuit.
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191
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Beayno A, El Hayek S, Noufi P, Tarabay Y, Shamseddeen W. The Role of Epigenetics in Addiction: Clinical Overview and Recent Updates. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:609-631. [PMID: 31273724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is an international public health problem. It is a polygenic disorder best understood by accounting for the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. A recent way of perceiving this interaction is through epigenetics, which help grasp the neurobiological changes that occur in addiction and explain its relapsing-remitting nature. It is now known that every cell has a different way of expressing its phenotype, despite a universal DNA sequence. This is particularly true in the central nervous system where environmental factors influence this expression. Three major epigenetic processes have been found to participate in the perpetuation of addiction by changing the state of the chromatin and the degree of gene transcription: histone acetylation and methylation, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. In the animal model literature, substantial evidence exists about the role of these epigenetic changes in the different phases of substance use disorders. This book chapter is a non-systematic literature review of the recent publications tackling the topic of epigenetics in addiction. Even though this evidence remains scarce and relatively poorly systematized, it is a promising foundation for future research of molecules that target specific brain regions and their functions to address core behavioral changes seen in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Beayno
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Noufi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Tarabay
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Lebanese University, New Rawda, Lebanon.,Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon
| | - Wael Shamseddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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192
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Ciccocioppo R, Borruto AM, Domi A, Teshima K, Cannella N, Weiss F. NOP-Related Mechanisms in Substance Use Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:187-212. [PMID: 30968214 PMCID: PMC6641545 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized in 1995 and has been widely studied since. The role of the N/OFQ system in drug abuse has attracted researchers' attention since its initial discovery. The first two scientific papers describing the effect of intracranial injection of N/OFQ appeared 20 years ago and reported efficacy of the peptide in attenuating alcohol intake, whereas heroin self-administration was insensitive. Since then more than 100 scientific articles investigating the role of the N/OFQ and N/OFQ receptor (NOP) system in drug abuse have been published. The present article provides an historical overview of the advances in the field with focus on three major elements. First, the most robust data supportive of the efficacy of NOP agonists in treating drug abuse come from studies in the field of alcohol research, followed by psychostimulant and opioid research. In contrast, activation of NOP appears to facilitate nicotine consumption. Second, emerging data challenge the assumption that activation of NOP is the most appropriate strategy to attenuate consumption of substances of abuse. This assumption is based first on the observation that animals carrying an overexpression of NOP system components are more prone to consume substances of abuse, whereas NOP knockout rats are less motivated to self-administer heroin, alcohol, and cocaine. Third, administration of NOP antagonists also reduces alcohol consumption. In addition, NOP blockade reduces nicotine self-administration. Hypothetical mechanisms explaining this apparent paradox are discussed. Finally, we focus on the possibility that co-activation of NOP and mu opioid (MOP) receptors is an alternative strategy, readily testable in the clinic, to reduce the consumption of psychostimulants, opiates, and, possibly, alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Borruto
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ana Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Koji Teshima
- Research Unit/Neuroscience, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Friedbert Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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193
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Sharma N, Shin EJ, Kim NH, Cho EH, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Nabeshima T, Yoneda Y, Cadet JL, Kim HC. Protective potentials of far-infrared ray against neuropsychotoxic conditions. Neurochem Int 2019; 122:144-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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194
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De Luca MT, Montanari C, Meringolo M, Contu L, Celentano M, Badiani A. Heroin versus cocaine: opposite choice as a function of context but not of drug history in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:787-798. [PMID: 30443795 PMCID: PMC6469678 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that rats trained to self-administer heroin and cocaine exhibit opposite preferences, as a function of setting, when tested in a choice paradigm. Rats tested at home prefer heroin to cocaine, whereas rats tested outside the home prefer cocaine to heroin. Here, we investigated whether drug history would influence subsequent drug preference in distinct settings. Based on a theoretical model of drug-setting interaction, we predicted that regardless of drug history rats would prefer heroin at home and cocaine outside the home. METHODS Rats with double-lumen catheters were first trained to self-administer either heroin (25 μg/kg) or cocaine (400 μg/kg) for 12 consecutive sessions. Twenty-six rats were housed in the self-administration chambers (thus, they were tested at home), whereas 30 rats lived in distinct home cages and were transferred to self-administration chambers only for the self-administration session (thus, they were tested outside the home). The rats were then allowed to choose repeatedly between heroin and cocaine within the same session for seven sessions. RESULTS Regardless of the training drug, the rats tested outside the home preferred cocaine to heroin, whereas the rats tested at home preferred heroin to cocaine. There was no correlation between drug preference and drug intake during the training phase. CONCLUSION Drug preferences were powerfully influenced by the setting but, quite surprisingly, not by drug history. This suggests that, under certain conditions, associative learning processes and drug-induced neuroplastic adaptations play a minor role in shaping individual preferences for one drug or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Montanari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Contu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Celentano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK.
- Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK.
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195
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Modelling Differential Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorder in Rodents: Neurobiological Mechanisms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 258:203-230. [PMID: 31707470 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of drug use within society, only a subset of individuals actively taking addictive drugs lose control over their intake and develop compulsive drug-seeking and intake that typifies substance use disorder (SUD). Although research in this field continues to be an important and dynamic discipline, the specific neuroadaptations that drive compulsive behaviour in humans addicted to drugs and the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie an individual's innate susceptibility to SUD remain surprisingly poorly understood. Nonetheless, it is clear from research within the clinical domain that some behavioural traits are recurrently co-expressed in individuals with SUD, thereby inviting the hypothesis that certain behavioural endophenotypes may be predictive, or at least act in some way, to modify an individual's probability for developing this disorder. The analysis of such endophenotypes and their catalytic relationship to the expression of addiction-related behaviours has been greatly augmented by experimental approaches in rodents that attempt to capture diagnostically relevant aspects of this progressive brain disorder. This work has evolved from an early focus on aberrant drug reinforcement mechanisms to a now much richer account of the putatively impaired cognitive control processes that ultimately determine individual trajectories to compulsive drug-related behaviours. In this chapter we discuss the utility of experimental approaches in rodents designed to elucidate the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of so-called risk traits and how these innate vulnerabilities collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of SUD.
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196
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Solinas M, Belujon P, Fernagut PO, Jaber M, Thiriet N. Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:481-516. [PMID: 30569209 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known. The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been accumulated in the last 40 years. In the present review, first we describe the dopaminergic system in terms of connectivity, functioning and involvement in reward processes. Second, we describe the functional, structural, and molecular changes induced by drugs within the DA system in terms of neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity and transcriptional and molecular adaptations. Third, we describe how genetic mouse models have helped characterizing the role of DA in addiction. Fourth, we describe the involvement of the DA system in the vulnerability to addiction and the interesting case of addiction DA replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we describe how the DA system has been targeted to treat patients suffering from addiction and the result obtained in clinical settings and we discuss how these different lines of evidence have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the physiopathology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Solinas
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pauline Belujon
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
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197
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Barrientos C, Knowland D, Wu MMJ, Lilascharoen V, Huang KW, Malenka RC, Lim BK. Cocaine-Induced Structural Plasticity in Input Regions to Distinct Cell Types in Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:893-904. [PMID: 29921416 PMCID: PMC8169057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a brain region implicated in pathological motivated behaviors such as drug addiction and is composed predominantly of two discrete populations of neurons, dopamine receptor-1- and dopamine receptor-2-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs, respectively). It is unclear whether these populations receive inputs from different brain areas and whether input regions to these cell types undergo distinct structural adaptations in response to the administration of addictive drugs such as cocaine. METHODS Using a modified rabies virus-mediated tracing method, we created a comprehensive brain-wide monosynaptic input map to NAc D1- and D2-MSNs. Next, we analyzed nearly 2000 dendrites and 125,000 spines of neurons across four input regions (the prelimbic cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus) at four separate time points during cocaine administration and withdrawal to examine changes in spine density in response to repeated intraperitoneal cocaine injection in mice. RESULTS D1- and D2-MSNs display overall similar input profiles, with the exception that D1-MSNs receive significantly more input from the medial orbitofrontal cortex. We found that neurons in distinct brain areas projecting to D1- and D2-MSNs display different adaptations in dendritic spine density at different stages of cocaine administration and withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS While NAc D1- and D2-MSNs receive input from similar brain structures, cocaine-induced spine density changes in input regions are quite distinct and dynamic. While previous studies have focused on input-specific postsynaptic changes within NAc MSNs in response to cocaine, these findings emphasize the dramatic changes that occur in the afferent input regions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barrientos
- Neurobiology Section in the Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel Knowland
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, California
| | - Mingche MJ Wu
- Neurobiology Section in the Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Varoth Lilascharoen
- Neurobiology Section in the Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kee Wui Huang
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Robert C. Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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198
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Abstract
Acupuncture is an ancient therapy with a variety of different explanatory models. A cascade of physiological effects has been reported, both in the peripheral and the central nervous system, following the insertion of a needle or light tapping of the skin. Clinical trials testing the specific claims of acupuncture have generally tried to focus on testing the efficacy of applying specific techniques and/or specified points. However, different conditions may respond differently to different modes of stimulation. Recently, it was demonstrated that both superficial and deep needling (with de qi/Hibiki) resulted in amelioration of patellofemoral pain and unpleasantness. The pleasurable aspect of the acupuncture experience has largely been ignored as it has been considered secondary to its pain alleviating effects. This aspect of acupuncture treatment is likely to be related to activation of self-appraisal and the reward system. When a patient seeks a therapist there are expectations of a specific effect. These expectations are partly based on self-relevant phenomena and self-referentia introspection and constitute the preference. Also, when asked about the effect of the treatment, processes that orientate pre-attentive anticipatory or mnemonic information and processes that mediate self-reflection and recollection are integrated together with sensory detection to enable a decision about the patient's perception of the effect of acupuncture treatment. These ‘self-appraisal’ processes are dependent on two integrated networks: a ventral medial prefrontal cortex paralimbic limbic ‘affective’ pathway and a dorsal medial prefrontal cortex cortical hippocampal ‘cognitive’ pathway. The limbic structures are implicated in the reward system and play a key role in most diseases and illness responses including chronic pain and depression, regulating mood and neuromodulatory responses (eg sensory, autonomic, and endocrine). The pleasurable and neuromodulatory aspects of acupuncture as well as ‘placebo needling’ may partly be explained by the activation or deactivation of limbic structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, and their connections with the hypothalamus. In patients with patellofemoral pain, the effects of superficial and deep needling remained for six months. These long term pain-alleviating effects have been attributed to activation of pain inhibiting systems in cortical and subcortical pathways. When considering long term effects the cortical cerebellar system needs to be taken into account. The cortical cerebellar system is probably central to the development of neural models that learn and eventually stimulate routinely executed (eg motor skills) and long term (eg pain alleviation) cognitive processes. These higher order cognitive processes are initially mediated in prefrontal cortical loci but later shift control iteratively to internal cerebellar representations of these processes. Possibly part of the long term healing effects of acupuncture may be attributed to changes in the cerebellar system thereby sparing processing load in cortical and subcortical areas. As cortical and subcortical structures are activated and/or de-activated following stimulation of receptors in the skin, disregarding site, ‘placebo or sham needling’ does not exist and conclusions drawn on the basis that it is an inert control are invalid. ‘Self’ may be seen as a shifting illusion, ceaselessly constructed and deconstructed, and the effect of acupuncture may reflect its status (as well as that of the therapist).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lundeberg
- Rehabilitation Medicine, UniversityClinic, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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From Synapse to Function: A Perspective on the Role of Neuroproteomics in Elucidating Mechanisms of Drug Addiction. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6040050. [PMID: 30544849 PMCID: PMC6315754 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a complex disorder driven by dysregulation in molecular signaling across several different brain regions. Limited therapeutic options currently exist for treating drug addiction and related psychiatric disorders in clinical populations, largely due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular pathways that influence addiction pathology. Recent work provides strong evidence that addiction-related behaviors emerge from the convergence of many subtle changes in molecular signaling networks that include neuropeptides (neuropeptidome), protein-protein interactions (interactome) and post-translational modifications such as protein phosphorylation (phosphoproteome). Advancements in mass spectrometry methodology are well positioned to identify these novel molecular underpinnings of addiction and further translate these findings into druggable targets for therapeutic development. In this review, we provide a general perspective of the utility of novel mass spectrometry-based approaches for addressing critical questions in addiction neuroscience, highlighting recent innovative studies that exemplify how functional assessments of the neuroproteome can provide insight into the mechanisms of drug addiction.
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200
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Jacobs AA, Cangiano M. Medication-Assisted Treatment Considerations for Women with Opiate Addiction Disorders. Prim Care 2018; 45:731-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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