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Chen J, Tang W, Lin C, Hong Y, Mao C, Lai Y, Liao C, Lin M, Chen W. Defining the critical period of hedgehog pathway inhibitor-induced cranial base dysplasia in mice. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:527-541. [PMID: 33165989 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hedgehog signaling pathway is critical for developmental patterning of the limb, craniofacial and axial skeleton. Disruption of this pathway in mice leads to a series of structural malformations, but the exact role and critical period of the Hh pathway in the early development of the cranial base have been rarely described. RESULTS Embryos exposed to vismodegib from E7.5, E9.5, and E10.5 had a higher percentage of cranial base fenestra. The peak incidence of hypoplasia in sphenoid winglets and severe craniosynostosis in cranial base synchondroses was observed when vismodegib was administered between E9.5 and E10.5. Cranial base craniosynostosis results from accelerating terminal differentiation of chondrocytes and premature osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We define the critical periods for the induction of cranial base deformity by vismodegib administration at a meticulous temporal resolution. Our findings suggest that the Hh pathway may play a vital role in the early development of the cranial base. This research also establishes a novel and easy-to-establish mouse model of synostosis in the cranial base using a commercially available pathway-selective inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbing Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengquan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuanqing Mao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Minkui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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152
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Hu W, Chen Y, Dou C, Dong S. Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:413-422. [PMID: 33158879 PMCID: PMC7958096 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in the elderly. Although OA has been considered as primarily a disease of the articular cartilage, the participation of subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of OA has attracted increasing attention. This review summarises the microstructural and histopathological changes in subchondral bone during OA progression that are due, at the cellular level, to changes in the interactions among osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts (OCs), endothelial cells and sensory neurons. Therefore, we focus on how pathological cellular interactions in the subchondral bone microenvironment promote subchondral bone destruction at different stages of OA progression. In addition, the limited amount of research on the communication between OCs in subchondral bone and chondrocytes (CCs) in articular cartilage during OA progression is reviewed. We propose the concept of 'OC-CC crosstalk' and describe the various pathways by which the two cell types might interact. Based on the 'OC-CC crosstalk', we elaborate potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA, including restoring abnormal subchondral bone remodelling and blocking the bridge-subchondral type H vessels. Finally, the review summarises the current understanding of how the subchondral bone microenvironment is related to OA pain and describes potential interventions to reduce OA pain by targeting the subchondral bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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153
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Liu F, Wei B, Xu X, Ma B, Zhang S, Duan J, Kong Y, Yang H, Sang Y, Wang S, Tang W, Liu C, Liu H. Nanocellulose-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Nanobelt Membrane as a Stem Cell Multi-Lineage Differentiation Platform for Biomimetic Construction of Bioactive 3D Osteoid Tissue In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001851. [PMID: 33336546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe bone defects, especially accompanied by vascular and peripheral nerve injuries, remain a massive challenge. Most studies related to bone tissue engineering have focused on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and ignored the formation of blood vessels and nerves in the newly generated bone owing to the lack of proper materials and methodology for tuning stem cells differentiated into osteogenic, neuronal, and endothelial cells (ECs) in the same scaffold system. Herein, a nanocellulose-reinforced hybrid membrane with good mechanical properties and control over biodegradation by assembling ultralong hydroxyapatite nanobelts in a bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel is designed and synthesized. Osteogenic, neuronal cells are successfully differentiated on this hybrid membrane. Based on the multi-lineage differentiation property of the membrane, a bioactive 3D osteoid tissue (osteogenic, neural, and ECs) is mimetically constructed in vitro using layer-by-layer culture and integration. The bone regeneration ability of the as-prepared bioactive osteoid tissue is assessed in vivo via heterotopic osteogenesis experiments for eight weeks. The rapid new bone growth and formation of blood capillaries and nerve fibers prove that the hybrid membrane can be universally applied as a stem cell multi-lineage differentiation platform, which has significant applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Benjie Wei
- Institute of Life Science Yinfeng Biological Group Jinan 250102 China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Pathology Jinan Women and Children's Health Hospital Jinan Shandong 250000 China
| | - Baojin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Wei Tang
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Qilu Hospital Institute of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR) University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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154
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Huang Q, Chai H, Wang S, Sun Y, Xu W. 0.5‑Gy X‑ray irradiation induces reorganization of cytoskeleton and differentiation of osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:379. [PMID: 33760136 PMCID: PMC7986016 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are sensitive to ionizing radiation. The small GTPase RhoA and its effector Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) are critical to several cellular functions, including cytoskeleton reorganization, cell survival, and cell differentiation. However, whether the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of osteoblast cytoskeleton reorganization and differentiation induced by low-dose X-ray irradiation remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in mediating differentiation of osteoblasts and reorganization of the cytoskeleton under low-dose X-ray irradiation. Osteoblasts were pretreated with the ROCK kinase-specific inhibitor (Y-27632) before exposure to low-dose X-ray irradiation. The changes of F-actin in MC3T3 cells were observed at different time points following X-ray irradiation. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining and western blotting were used to detect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts after 0.5-Gy X-ray irradiation. In the present study, low-dose X-ray irradiation promoted the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton reorganization. Indeed, the results showed that, 0.5-Gy X-ray irradiation can induce reorganization of cytoskeleton and promote differentiation of osteoblasts through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibiting ROCK activity blocked low-dose X-ray irradiation-induced LIMK2 phosphorylation, stress fiber formation and cell differentiation. Thus, these results demonstrated the excitatory effects of low-dose X-ray irradiation on MC3T3-E1 cells, including reorganization of the cytoskeleton and differentiation of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Shendong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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155
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Tsuchiya E, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Abe M, Yoshida T, Zhao S, Tsuboi K, Udagawa N, Henrique Luiz de Freitas P, Li M, Kitagawa Y, Amizuka N. Histochemical assessment on the cellular interplay of vascular endothelial cells and septoclasts during endochondral ossification in mice. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:201-214. [PMID: 32816022 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to verify the cellular interplay between vascular endothelial cells and surrounding cells in the chondro-osseous junction of murine tibiae. Many CD31-positive endothelial cells accompanied with Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin lectin-positive septoclasts invaded into the hypertrophic zone of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage. MMP9 immunoreactive cytoplasmic processes of vascular endothelial cells extended into the transverse partitions of cartilage columns. In contrast, septoclasts included several large lysosomes which indicate the incorporation of extracellular matrices despite no immunopositivity for F4/80-a hallmark of macrophage/monocyte lineage. In addition, septoclasts were observed in c-fos-/- mice but not in Rankl-/- mice. Unlike c-fos-/- mice, Rankl-/- mice showed markedly expanded hypertrophic zone and the irregular shape of the chondro-osseous junction. Immunoreactivity of platelet-derived growth factor-bb, which involved in angiogenic roles in the bone, was detected in not only osteoclasts but also septoclasts at the chondro-osseous junction. Therefore, septoclasts appear to assist the synchronous vascular invasion of endothelial cells at the chondro-osseous junction. Vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction possess endomucin but not EphB4, whereas those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction were intensely positive for both endomucin and EphB4, while being accompanied with ephrinB2-positive osteoblasts. Taken together, it is likely that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2. MINI-ABSTRACT Our original article demonstrated that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2. (A figure that best represents your paper is Fig. 5c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tsuchiya
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.,Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Dentistry, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Camp Asaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Shen Zhao
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kanako Tsuboi
- Dental Surgery, Haibara General Hospital, Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
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156
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Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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157
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Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain. Bone Res 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33731688 PMCID: PMC7969608 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of osteoarthritis is rapidly increasing worldwide due to aging and obesity trends. Basic and clinical research on osteoarthritis has been carried out for decades, but many questions remain unanswered. The exact role of subchondral bone during the initiation and progression osteoarthritis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that subchondral bone lesions, including bone marrow edema and angiogenesis, develop earlier than cartilage degeneration. Clinical interventions targeting subchondral bone have shown therapeutic potential, while others targeting cartilage have yielded disappointing results. Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, angiogenesis and sensory nerve innervation contribute directly or indirectly to cartilage destruction and pain. This review is about bone-cartilage crosstalk, the subchondral microenvironment and the critical role of both in osteoarthritis progression. It also provides an update on the pathogenesis of and interventions for osteoarthritis and future research targeting subchondral bone.
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158
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Park YL, Park K, Cha JM. 3D-Bioprinting Strategies Based on In Situ Bone-Healing Mechanism for Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030287. [PMID: 33800485 PMCID: PMC8000586 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a number of bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches have been developed to address substantial challenges in the management of critical size bone defects. Although the majority of BTE strategies developed in the laboratory have been limited due to lack of clinical relevance in translation, primary prerequisites for the construction of vascularized functional bone grafts have gained confidence owing to the accumulated knowledge of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-relevant biomaterials that reflect bone-healing mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of bone-healing mechanisms focusing on the details that should be embodied in the development of vascularized BTE, and discuss promising strategies based on 3D-bioprinting technologies that efficiently coalesce the abovementioned main features in bone-healing systems, which comprehensively interact during the bone regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
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159
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Estefa J, Tafforeau P, Clement AM, Klembara J, Niedźwiedzki G, Berruyer C, Sanchez S. New light shed on the early evolution of limb-bone growth plate and bone marrow. eLife 2021; 10:51581. [PMID: 33648627 PMCID: PMC7924947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of blood cells (haematopoiesis) occurs in the limb bones of most tetrapods but is absent in the fin bones of ray-finned fish. When did long bones start producing blood cells? Recent hypotheses suggested that haematopoiesis migrated into long bones prior to the water-to-land transition and protected newly-produced blood cells from harsher environmental conditions. However, little fossil evidence to support these hypotheses has been provided so far. Observations of the humeral microarchitecture of stem-tetrapods, batrachians, and amniotes were performed using classical sectioning and three-dimensional synchrotron virtual histology. They show that Permian tetrapods seem to be among the first to exhibit a centralised marrow organisation, which allows haematopoiesis as in extant amniotes. Not only does our study demonstrate that long-bone haematopoiesis was probably not an exaptation to the water-to-land transition but it sheds light on the early evolution of limb-bone development and the sequence of bone-marrow functional acquisitions. For many aquatic creatures, the red blood cells that rush through their bodies are created in organs such as the liver or the kidney. In most land vertebrates however, blood-cell production occurs in the bone marrow. There, the process is shielded from the ultraviolet light or starker temperature changes experienced out of the water. It is possible that this difference evolved long before the first animal with a backbone crawled out of the aquatic environment and faced new, harsher conditions: yet very little fossil evidence exists to support this idea. A definitive answer demands a close examination of fossils from the water-to-land transition including lobe-finned fish and early limbed vertebrates. To support the production of red blood cells, their fin and limb bones would have needed an internal cavity that can house a specific niche that opens onto a complex network of blood vessels. To investigate this question, Estefa et al. harnessed the powerful x-ray beam produced by the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and imaged the fin and limb bones from fossil lobe-finned fish and early limbed vertebrates. The resulting three-dimensional structures revealed spongy long bones with closed internal cavities where the bone marrow cells were probably entrapped. These could not have housed the blood vessels needed to create an environment that produces red blood cells. In fact, the earliest four-legged land animals Estefa et al. found with an open marrow cavity lived 60 million years after vertebrates had first emerged from the aquatic environment, suggesting that blood cells only began to be created in bone marrow after the water-to-land transition. Future work could help to pinpoint exactly when the change in blood cell production occurred, helping researchers to identify the environmental and biological factors that drove this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Estefa
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Alice M Clement
- Flinders University, College of Science and Engineering, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jozef Klembara
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sophie Sanchez
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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160
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Caron MMJ, van Rietbergen B, Castermans TMR, Haartmans MJJ, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM, Witlox AMA. Evaluation of impaired growth plate development of long bones in skeletally immature mice by antirheumatic agents. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:553-564. [PMID: 32740982 PMCID: PMC7984053 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Restriction of physical growth and development is a known problem in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the effect of medical treatment for JIA on skeletal growth in affected children has not been properly investigated. We, therefore, hypothesize that naproxen and methotrexate (MTX) affect endochondral ossification and will lead to reduced skeletal development. Treatment of ATDC5 cells, an in vitro model for endochondral ossification, with naproxen or MTX resulted in increased chondrogenic but decreased hypertrophic differentiation. In vivo, healthy growing C57BL/6 mice were treated with naproxen, MTX, or placebo for 10 weeks. At 15 weeks postnatal, both the length of the tibia and the length of the femur were significantly reduced in the naproxen- and MTX-treated mice compared to their controls. Growth plate analysis revealed a significantly thicker proliferative zone, while the hypertrophic zone was significantly thinner in both experimental groups compared to their controls, comparable to the in vitro results. Micro-computed tomography analysis of the subchondral bone region directly below the growth disc showed significantly altered bone microarchitecture in naproxen and MTX groups. In addition, the involvement of the PTHrP-Ihh loop in naproxen- and MTX-treated cells was shown. Overall, these results demonstrate that naproxen and MTX have a profound effect on endochondral ossification during growth plate development, abnormal subchondral bone morphology, and reduced bone length. A better understanding of how medication influences the development of the growth plate will improve understanding of endochondral ossification and reveal possibilities to improve the treatment of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M. J. Caron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Mirella J. J. Haartmans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Adhiambo M. A. Witlox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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161
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Kulanthaivel S, Agarwal T, Sharan Rathnam VS, Pal K, Banerjee I. Cobalt doped nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated gum tragacanth-alginate beads as angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation system for mesenchymal stem cell based bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:101-115. [PMID: 33621571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation system is a technical need for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based bone tissue engineering (BTE). Here, we have developed a highly efficient hMSC encapsulation system by incorporating bivalent cobalt doped nano-hydroxyapatite (HAN) and gum tragacanth (GT) as angiogenic-osteogenic components into the calcium alginate (CA) beads. Physico-chemical characterizations revealed that the swelling and degradation of HAN incorporated CA-GT beads (GT-HAN) were 1.34 folds and 2 folds higher than calcium alginate (CA) beads. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of solute molecule was found 2.5-fold higher in GT-HAN with respect to CA bead. It is observed that GT-HAN supports the long-term viability of encapsulated hMSC and causes 50% less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison to CA beads. The expression of osteogenic differentiation markers was found 1.5-2.5 folds higher in the case of GT-HAN in comparison to CA. A similar trend was observed for hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The soluble secretome from hMSC encapsulated in the GT-HAN induced proliferation of endothelial cells and supported tube formation (2.5-fold higher than CA beads). These results corroborated that GT-HAN could be used as an angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation matrix for hMSC encapsulation and BTE application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - V S Sharan Rathnam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.
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162
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Mohammadi B, Esmaeilizade Z, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH, Rajabibazl M, Fazeli Z. The Effect of Co-treating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Epigallocatechin Gallate and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 on the Expression of RANKL/RANK/OPG Signaling Pathway, Osteogenesis, and Angiogenesis Genes. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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163
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Blumer MJF. Bone tissue and histological and molecular events during development of the long bones. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151704. [PMID: 33600952 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bones are of mesenchymal or ectomesenchymal origin, form the skeleton of most vertebrates, and are essential for locomotion and organ protection. As a living tissue they are highly vascularized and remodelled throughout life to maintain intact. Bones consist of osteocytes entrapped in a mineralized extracellular matrix, and via their elaborated network of cytoplasmic processes they do not only communicate with each other but also with the cells on the bone surface (bone lining cells). Bone tissue develops through a series of fine-tuned processes, and there are two modes of bone formation, referred to either as intramembranous or endochondral ossification. In intramembranous ossification, bones develop directly from condensations of mesenchymal cells, and the flat bones of the skull, the clavicles and the perichondral bone cuff develop via this process. The bones of the axial (ribs and vertebrae) and the appendicular skeleton (e.g. upper and lower limbs) form through endochondral ossification where mesenchyme turns into a cartilaginous intermediate with the shape of the future skeletal element that is gradually replaced by bone. Endochondral ossification occurs in all vertebrate taxa and its onset involves differentiation of the chondrocytes, mineralization of the extracellular cartilage matrix and vascularization of the intermediate, followed by disintegration and resorption of the cartilage, bone formation, and finally - after complete ossification of the cartilage model - the establishment of an avascular articular cartilage. The epiphyseal growth plate regulates the longitudinal growth of the bones, achieved by a balanced proliferation and elimination of chondrocytes, and the question whether the late hypertrophic chondrocytes die or transform into osteogenic cells is still being hotly debated. The complex processes leading to endochondral ossification have been studied for over a century, and this review aims to give an overview of the histological and molecular events, arising from the long bones' (e.g. femur, tibia) development. The fate of the hypertrophic chondrocytes will be discussed in the light of new findings obtained from cell tracking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J F Blumer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, A-6010 Innsbruck, Austria.
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164
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Hendrickx G, Fischer V, Liedert A, von Kroge S, Haffner-Luntzer M, Brylka L, Pawlus E, Schweizer M, Yorgan T, Baranowsky A, Rolvien T, Neven M, Schumacher U, Beech DJ, Amling M, Ignatius A, Schinke T. Piezo1 Inactivation in Chondrocytes Impairs Trabecular Bone Formation. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:369-384. [PMID: 33180356 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic tissue continuously adapting to mechanical stimuli. Although matrix-embedded osteocytes are considered as the key mechanoresponsive bone cells, all other skeletal cell types are principally exposed to macroenvironmental and microenvironmental mechanical influences that could potentially affect their activities. It was recently reported that Piezo1, one of the two mechanically activated ion channels of the Piezo family, functions as a mechanosensor in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Here we show that Piezo1 additionally plays a critical role in the process of endochondral bone formation. More specifically, by targeted deletion of Piezo1 or Piezo2 in either osteoblast (Runx2Cre) or osteoclast lineage cells (Lyz2Cre), we observed severe osteoporosis with numerous spontaneous fractures specifically in Piezo1Runx2Cre mice. This phenotype developed at an early postnatal stage and primarily affected the formation of the secondary spongiosa. The presumptive Piezo1Runx2Cre osteoblasts in this region displayed an unusual flattened appearance and were positive for type X collagen. Moreover, transcriptome analyses of primary osteoblasts identified an unexpected induction of chondrocyte-related genes in Piezo1Runx2Cre cultures. Because Runx2 is not only expressed in osteoblast progenitor cells, but also in prehypertrophic chondrocytes, these data suggested that Piezo1 functions in growth plate chondrocytes to ensure trabecular bone formation in the process of endochondral ossification. To confirm this hypothesis, we generated mice with Piezo1 deletion in chondrocytes (Col2a1Cre). These mice essentially recapitulated the phenotype of Piezo1Runx2Cre animals, because they displayed early-onset osteoporosis with multiple fractures, as well as impaired formation of the secondary spongiosa with abnormal osteoblast morphology. Our data identify a previously unrecognized key function of Piezo1 in endochondral ossification, which, together with its role in bone remodeling, suggests that Piezo1 represents an attractive target for the treatment of skeletal disorders. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Brylka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Pawlus
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Neven
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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165
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Pugazhendhi A, Hubbell M, Jairam P, Ambati B. Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1170. [PMID: 33504013 PMCID: PMC7866170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD's progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Margaret Hubbell
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Pooja Jairam
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Balamurali Ambati
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
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166
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Scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell construct geometry regulates long bone regeneration. Commun Biol 2021; 4:89. [PMID: 33469154 PMCID: PMC7815708 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic bone tissue engineering strategies partially recapitulate development. We recently showed functional restoration of femoral defects using scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) condensates featuring localized morphogen presentation with delayed in vivo mechanical loading. Possible effects of construct geometry on healing outcome remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that localized presentation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 to engineered hMSC tubes mimicking femoral diaphyses induces endochondral ossification, and that TGF-β1 + BMP-2-presenting hMSC tubes enhance defect healing with delayed in vivo loading vs. loosely packed hMSC sheets. Localized morphogen presentation stimulated chondrogenic priming/endochondral differentiation in vitro. Subcutaneously, hMSC tubes formed cartilage templates that underwent bony remodeling. Orthotopically, hMSC tubes stimulated more robust endochondral defect healing vs. hMSC sheets. Tissue resembling normal growth plate was observed with negligible ectopic bone. This study demonstrates interactions between hMSC condensation geometry, morphogen bioavailability, and mechanical cues to recapitulate development for biomimetic bone tissue engineering. Herberg et al. previously showed functional healing of femoral defects using scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) condensates with localized morphogen presentation. In this study, they report the importance of the tubular geometry of MSC condensates in long bone regeneration. Unlike loosely packed hMSC sheets, only hMSC tubes induced regenerate tissue partially resembling normal growth plate.
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167
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Rafipay A, Dun X, Parkinson DB, Erskine L, Vargesson N. Knockdown of slit signaling during limb development leads to a reduction in humerus length. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1340-1357. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rafipay
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Xin‐Peng Dun
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Lynda Erskine
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Neil Vargesson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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168
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Does bevacizumab increase joint pain in patients with cancer? Results of the prospective observational BEVARTHRALGIA study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:533-541. [PMID: 33438069 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The occurrence of arthralgia and myalgia during treatment with bevacizumab (Bev) has been described but not spontaneously reported. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of arthralgia in patients treated with Bev and identify the risk factors. METHODS In this observational prospective study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to patients at the initiation of Bev and at 3 and 6 months of treatment. Bev (5-15 mg/kg) was administered every 2 or 3 weeks, with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 71 patients (42 with colorectal cancer, 22 with ovarian cancer, and 7 with lung cancer) were enrolled from January to November 2018. All patients completed the questionnaire at initiation, while only 56 (78.9%) and 36 (50.7%) patients completed the questionnaire at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The frequency of joint pain was 29.6% before Bev treatment and increased to 41.8% and 50% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, without reaching significance. The evolution of pain was significant according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grades (P = 0.032). No significant increase in the impact of pain on instrumental or elementary activities was observed over time. The frequency of arthralgia significantly increased at 3 months in patients with ovarian cancer versus those with colorectal cancer (odds ratio: 19.50; 95% confidence interval 4.53-83.98; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Bev‑including regimens tend to be associated with a significant increase in the frequency of arthralgia in women treated for ovarian cancer. Physicians should be aware of this side effect. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03455907, date of registration: March 7, 2018.
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169
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Su YW, Fan J, Fan CM, Peymanfar Y, Zhang YL, Xian CJ. Roles of apoptotic chondrocyte-derived CXCL12 in the enhanced chondroclast recruitment following methotrexate and/or dexamethasone treatment. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5966-5979. [PMID: 33438203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intensive use of methotrexate (MTX) and/or dexamethasone (DEX) for treating childhood malignancies is known to cause chondrocyte apoptosis and growth plate dysfunction leading to bone growth impairments. However, mechanisms remain vague and it is unclear whether MTX and DEX combination treatment could have additive effects in the growth plate defects. In this study, significant cell apoptosis was induced in mature ATDC5 chondrocytes after treatment for 48 h with 10-5 M MTX and/or 10-6 M DEX treatment. PCR array assays with treated cells plus messenger RNA and protein expression confirmation analyses identified chemokine CXCL12 having the most prominent induction in each treatment group. Conditioned medium from treated chondrocytes stimulated migration of RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cells and formation of osteoclasts, and these stimulating effects were inhibited by the neutralizing antibody for CXCL12. Additionally, while MTX and DEX combination treatment showed some additive effects on apoptosis induction, it did not have additive or counteractive effects on CXCL12 expression and its functions in enhancing osteoclastic recruitment and formation. In young rats treated acutely with MTX, there was increased expression of CXCL12 in the tibial growth plate, and more resorbing chondroclasts were found present at the border between the hypertrophic growth plate and metaphysis bone. Thus, the present study showed an association between induced chondrocyte apoptosis and stimulated osteoclastic migration and formation following MTX and/or DEX treatment, which could be potentially or at least partially linked molecularly by CXCL12 induction. This finding may contribute to an enhanced mechanistic understanding of bone growth impairments following MTX and/or DEX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Ming Fan
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yaser Peymanfar
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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170
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Working ZM, Morris ER, Chang JC, Coghlan RF, Johnstone B, Miclau T, Horton WA, Bahney CS. A quantitative serum biomarker of circulating collagen X effectively correlates with endochondral fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:53-62. [PMID: 32533783 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no standardized methods for quantitatively measuring fracture repair. Physicians rely on subjective physical examinations and qualitative evaluation of radiographs to detect mineralized tissue. Since most fractures heal indirectly through a cartilage intermediate, these tools are limited in their diagnostic utility of early repair. Prior to converting to the bone, cartilage undergoes hypertrophic maturation, characterized by the deposition of a provisional collagen X matrix. The objective of this study was to characterize the kinetics of a novel collagen X biomarker relative to other biological measurements of fracture healing using a murine model of endochondral fracture repair in which a closed, mid-shaft tibia fracture was created using the classic drop-weight technique. Serum was collected 5 to 42 days post-fracture in male and female mice and compared to uninjured controls (n = 8-12). Collagen X in the serum was quantified using a recently validated ELISA-based bioassay ("Cxm")1 and compared to genetic and histological markers of fracture healing and inflammation. We found the Cxm biomarker reliably increased from baseline to a statistically unique peak 14 days post-fracture that then resolved to pre-fracture levels by 3 weeks following injury. The shape and timing of the Cxm curve followed the genetic and histological expression of collagen X but did not show a strong correlation with local inflammatory states. Assessment of fracture healing progress is crucial to making correct and timely clinical decisions for patients. This Cxm bioassay represents a minimally invasive, inexpensive technique that could provide reliable information on the biology of the fracture to significantly improve clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Working
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Elizabeth R Morris
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, Colorado
| | - Jiun Chiun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan F Coghlan
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - William A Horton
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, Colorado
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171
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Julien A, Perrin S, Abou-Khalil R, Colnot C. Renal Capsule Transplantation to Assay Angiogenesis in Skeletal Development and Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:151-165. [PMID: 33197014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Renal capsule transplantation is a very helpful method to grow embryonic tissues or tumors in a vascular environment, allowing for long-term engraftment and biological analyses. This chapter describes the surgical procedure for the transplantation of embryonic skeletal elements in the renal capsule of adult mice and points out the manipulations that can be applied for assaying the role of angiogenesis during bone development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Julien
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Simon Perrin
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | | | - Céline Colnot
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France.
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172
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Wu X, Tang Z, Wu K, Bai Y, Lin X, Yang H, Yang Q, Wang Z, Ni X, Liu H, Yang L. Strontium-calcium phosphate hybrid cement with enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties for vascularised bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5982-5997. [PMID: 34139000 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularized bone tissue engineering is regarded as one of the optimal treatment options for large bone defects. The lack of angiogenic properties and unsatisfactory physicochemical performance restricts calcium phosphate cement (CPC) from application in vascularized bone tissue engineering. Our previous studies have developed a starch and BaSO4 incorporated calcium phosphate hybrid cement (CPHC) with improved mechanical strength and handling properties. However, the bioactivity-especially the angiogenic ability-is still absent and requires further improvement. Herein, based on the reported CPHC and the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of strontium (Sr) ions, a strontium-enhanced calcium phosphate hybrid cement (Sr-CPHC) was developed to improve both biological and physicochemical properties of CPC. Compared to CPC, the initial setting time of Sr-CPHC was prolonged from 2.2 min to 20.7 min. The compressive strength of Sr-CPHC improved from 11.21 MPa to 45.52 MPa compared with CPC as well. Sr-CPHC was biocompatible and showed promotion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium nodule formation and osteogenic relative gene expression, suggesting high osteogenic-inductivity. Sr-CPHC also facilitated the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and up-regulated the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In vivo evaluation showed marked new bone formation in a rat calvarial defect model with Sr-CPHC implanted. Sr-CPHC also exhibited enhancement of neovascularization in subcutaneous connective tissue in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Thus, the Sr-CPHC with the dual effects of osteogenesis and angiogenesis shows great potential for clinical applications such as the repair of ischemic osteonecrosis and critical-size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiexing Wu
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ziniu Tang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wu
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213003, P. R. China.
| | - Huiling Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China and Center for Health Science and Engineering (CHSE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China.
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173
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Galea GL, Zein MR, Allen S, Francis-West P. Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:414-449. [PMID: 33314394 PMCID: PMC7986209 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization. The precise positioning, size, and shape of skeletal elements is therefore critical for their function. During embryonic development, bone forms by endochondral or intramembranous ossification and can arise from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm or neural crest. This review describes inductive mechanisms to position and pattern bones within the developing embryo, compares and contrasts the intrinsic vs extrinsic mechanisms of endochondral and intramembranous skeletal development, and details known cellular processes that precisely determine skeletal shape and size. Key cellular mechanisms are employed at distinct stages of ossification, many of which occur in response to mechanical cues (eg, joint formation) or preempting future load‐bearing requirements. Rapid shape changes occur during cellular condensation and template establishment. Specialized cellular behaviors, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral bone and secondary cartilage on intramembranous bones, also dramatically change template shape. Once ossification is complete, bone shape undergoes functional adaptation through (re)modeling. We also highlight how alterations in these cellular processes contribute to evolutionary change and how differences in the embryonic origin of bones can influence postnatal bone repair. Compares and contrasts Endochondral and intramembranous bone development Reviews embryonic origins of different bones Describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of positioning skeletal elements. Describes mechanisms of skeletal growth with a focus on the generation of skeletal shape
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Mohamed R Zein
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Allen
- Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Philippa Francis-West
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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174
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Liebig BE, Kisiday JD, Bahney CS, Ehrhart NP, Goodrich LR. The platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cell milieu: A review of therapeutic effects on bone healing. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2539-2550. [PMID: 32589800 PMCID: PMC8354210 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma is autologous plasma that contains concentrated platelets compared to whole blood. It is relatively inexpensive to produce, can be easily isolated from whole blood, and can be administered while the patient is in the operating room. Further, because platelet-rich plasma is an autologous therapy, there is minimal risk for adverse reactions to the patient. Platelet-rich plasma has been used to promote bone regeneration due to its abundance of concentrated growth factors that are essential to wound healing. In this review, we summarize the methods for producing platelet-rich plasma and the history of its use in bone regeneration. We also summarize the growth factor profiles derived from platelet-rich plasma, with emphasis on those factors that play a direct role in promoting bone repair within the local fracture environment. In addition, we discuss the potential advantages of combining platelet-rich plasma with mesenchymal stem cells, a multipotent cell type often obtained from bone marrow or fat, to improve craniofacial and long bone regeneration. We detail what is currently known about how platelet-rich plasma influences mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and then highlight the clinical outcomes of administering platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells as a combination therapy to promote bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E. Liebig
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John D. Kisiday
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Nicole P. Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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175
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Hendriks M, Ramasamy SK. Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone Development and Physiological Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602278. [PMID: 33330496 PMCID: PMC7729063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone convey their critical importance in regulating bone development and physiology. The contribution of blood vessels in bone functions and remodeling has recently gained enormous interest because of their therapeutic potential. The mammalian skeletal system performs multiple functions in the body to regulate growth, homeostasis and metabolism. Blood vessels provide support to various cell types in bone and maintain functional niches in the bone marrow microenvironment. Heterogeneity within blood vessels and niches indicate the importance of specialized vascular niches in regulating skeletal functions. In this review, we discuss physiology of bone vasculature and their specialized niches for hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells. We provide clinical and experimental information available on blood vessels during physiological bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saravana K. Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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176
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Khor JM, Ettensohn CA. Transcription Factors of the Alx Family: Evolutionarily Conserved Regulators of Deuterostome Skeletogenesis. Front Genet 2020; 11:569314. [PMID: 33329706 PMCID: PMC7719703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the alx gene family encode transcription factors that contain a highly conserved Paired-class, DNA-binding homeodomain, and a C-terminal OAR/Aristaless domain. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies have revealed complex patterns of alx gene duplications during deuterostome evolution. Remarkably, alx genes have been implicated in skeletogenesis in both echinoderms and vertebrates. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning alx genes in deuterostomes. We highlight their evolutionarily conserved role in skeletogenesis and draw parallels and distinctions between the skeletogenic gene regulatory circuitries of diverse groups within the superphylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Khor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles A Ettensohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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177
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Sukul M, Sahariah P, Lauzon HL, Borges J, Másson M, Mano JF, Haugen HJ, Reseland JE. In vitro biological response of human osteoblasts in 3D chitosan sponges with controlled degree of deacetylation and molecular weight. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117434. [PMID: 33357907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of chitosan sponges, produced from chitosan batches with distinct degree of deacetylation (DDA) and molecular weight (Mw), on the adhesion, growth and differentiation of primary human osteoblasts with an aim to offer a suitable tool for guided bone regeneration. All the chitosan sponges revealed similar microstructure, irrespective of the DDA (58, 73, 82, 88, and 91 %) and Mw (749, 547, 263, 215, and 170 kDa, respectively). Cell spreading was higher on sponges having a higher DDA. Higher DDA induced a more pronounced increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf related protein-1 as compared to lower DDA. Lower DDA induced the increased secretion of osteoprotegerin and SOST as compared to higher DDA. The combination of higher DDA and Mw induced an increased secretion of VEGF and IL-6, however reduced the secretion of OPN as compared to chitosan with similar DDA but with lower Mw. In summary, the variations in cellular responses to the different chitosan sponges indicate a potential for individual tailoring of desired responses in guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Sukul
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Priyanka Sahariah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Már Másson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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178
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Bui K, Hong YK. Ras Pathways on Prox1 and Lymphangiogenesis: Insights for Therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:597374. [PMID: 33263009 PMCID: PMC7688453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.597374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, lymphatics research has accelerated and gained a much-needed recognition in pathophysiology. As the lymphatic system plays heavy roles in interstitial fluid drainage, immune surveillance and lipid absorption, the ablation or excessive growth of this vasculature could be associated with many complications, from lymphedema to metastasis. Despite their growing importance in cancer, few anti-lymphangiogenic therapies exist today, as they have yet to pass phase 3 clinical trials and acquire FDA approval. As such, many studies are being done to better define the signaling pathways that govern lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of developing new therapeutic approaches to inhibit or stimulate this process. This review will cover our current understanding of the Ras signaling pathways and their interactions with Prox1, the master transcriptional switch involved in specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate and lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of providing insights to lymphangiogenesis-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Bui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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179
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Bahammam MA, Attia MS. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Bony Defects - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:870-878. [PMID: 33424378 PMCID: PMC7783819 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterial, while using it separately or in combination with nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) for treating intra-bony defects (IBDs) using radiographic evaluation (DBS-Win software). Sixty patients with IBD (one site/patient) and chronic periodontitis were recruited randomly to test either autologous PRF platelet concentrate, nano-HA bone graft, a combination of PRF platelet concentrate and nano-HA, or alone conventional open flap debridement (OFD). Recordings of clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained at baseline and 6 months, post-operatively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare four groups; whereas, multiple comparisons were done through Tukey’s post hoc test. The results showed that CAL at baseline changed from 6.67 ± 1.23 to 4.5 ± 1.42 in group I, 6.6 ± 2.51 to 4.9 ± 1.48 in group II, 5.2 ± 2.17 to 3.1 ± 1.27 in group III, and 4.7 ± 2.22 to 3.7 ± 2.35 in group IV after 6 months. The most significant increase in bone density and fill was observed for IBD depth in group III that was recorded as 62.82 ± 24.6 and 2.31 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. VEGF concentrations were significantly increased at 3, 7, and 14 days in all groups. The use of PRF with nano-HA was successful regenerative periodontal therapy to manage periodontal IBDs, unlike using PRF alone. Increase in VEGF concentrations in all group confirmed its role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the early stages of bone defect healing.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance
- CAL, Clinical attachment level
- CaP, Calcium phosphate
- DFDBA, Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GCF, Gingival Clavicular Fluid
- GI, Gingival Index
- IBD, Intra-Bony Defect
- Intra-Bony Defects
- Nano-HA, Nanohydroxyapatite
- Nanohydroxyapatite
- OFD, Open flap debridement
- PD, Probing depth
- PPP, Platelet‑poor plasma
- PRF, Platelet rich fibrin
- PRP, Platelet rich plasma
- Periodontal Regeneration
- Periodontitis
- Platelet-Rich Fibrin
- Rpm, Revolutions per minute
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SPSS 20®, Statistical Package for Social Science
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai S Attia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Oral Diagnosis; Faculty of Dentistry; Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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180
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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181
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Yao Q, Parvez-Khan M, Schipani E. In vivo survival strategies for cellular adaptation to hypoxia: HIF1α-dependent suppression of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and decrease of intracellular hypoxia are critical for survival of hypoxic chondrocytes. Bone 2020; 140:115572. [PMID: 32768687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs not only in pathological conditions like cancer and ischemia and in a variety of physiological settings in the adult organism, but also during normal embryonic development. In the inner portion of the fetal growth plate, which is an avascular tissue originating from mesenchymal progenitor cells, chondrocytes experience physiological hypoxia. Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factor-1α (HIF1α), a crucial mediator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, is an essential survival factor for fetal growth plate chondrocytes. This brief review summarizes our current understanding of the survival function of HIF1α during endochondral bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xue Yuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mohd Parvez-Khan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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182
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Shah Mohammadi M, Buchen JT, Pasquina PF, Niklason LE, Alvarez LM, Jariwala SH. Critical Considerations for Regeneration of Vascularized Composite Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:366-381. [PMID: 33115331 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective vascularization is vital for survival and functionality of complex tissue-engineered organs. The formation of the microvasculature, composed of endothelial cells (ECs) alone, has been mostly used to restore the vascular networks in organs. However, recent heterocellular studies demonstrate that co-culturing is a more effective approach in revascularization of engineered organs. This review presents key considerations for manufacturing of artificial vascularized composite tissues. We summarize the importance of co-cultures and the multicellular interactions with ECs, as well as design and use of bioreactors, as critical considerations for tissue vascularization. In addition, as an emerging scaffolding technique, this review also highlights the current caveats and hurdles associated with three-dimensional bioprinting and discusses recent developments in bioprinting strategies such as four-dimensional bioprinting and its future outlook for manufacturing of vascularized tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with addressing the critical challenges in the regulatory pathway and clinical translation of artificial composite tissue grafts. Impact statement Regeneration of composite tissues is critical as biophysical and biochemical characteristics differ between various types of tissues. Engineering a vascularized composite tissue has remained unresolved and requires additional evaluations along with optimization of methodologies and standard operating procedures. To this end, the main hurdle is creating a viable vascular endothelium that remains functional for a longer duration postimplantation, and can be manufactured using clinically appropriate source of cell lines that are scalable in vitro for the fabrication of human-scale organs. This review presents key considerations for regeneration and manufacturing of vascularized composite tissues as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shah Mohammadi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack T Buchen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul F Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis M Alvarez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Lung Biotechnology PBC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shailly H Jariwala
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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183
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Xie M, Gol'din P, Herdina AN, Estefa J, Medvedeva EV, Li L, Newton PT, Kotova S, Shavkuta B, Saxena A, Shumate LT, Metscher BD, Großschmidt K, Nishimori S, Akovantseva A, Usanova AP, Kurenkova AD, Kumar A, Arregui IL, Tafforeau P, Fried K, Carlström M, Simon A, Gasser C, Kronenberg HM, Bastepe M, Cooper KL, Timashev P, Sanchez S, Adameyko I, Eriksson A, Chagin AS. Secondary ossification center induces and protects growth plate structure. eLife 2020; 9:55212. [PMID: 33063669 PMCID: PMC7581430 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth plate and articular cartilage constitute a single anatomical entity early in development but later separate into two distinct structures by the secondary ossification center (SOC). The reason for such separation remains unknown. We found that evolutionarily SOC appears in animals conquering the land - amniotes. Analysis of the ossification pattern in mammals with specialized extremities (whales, bats, jerboa) revealed that SOC development correlates with the extent of mechanical loads. Mathematical modeling revealed that SOC reduces mechanical stress within the growth plate. Functional experiments revealed the high vulnerability of hypertrophic chondrocytes to mechanical stress and showed that SOC protects these cells from apoptosis caused by extensive loading. Atomic force microscopy showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes are the least mechanically stiff cells within the growth plate. Altogether, these findings suggest that SOC has evolved to protect the hypertrophic chondrocytes from the high mechanical stress encountered in the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Gol'din
- Department of Evolutionary Morphology, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Anna Nele Herdina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jordi Estefa
- Science for Life Laboratory and Uppsala University, Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina V Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Shavkuta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Lauren T Shumate
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Brian D Metscher
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Großschmidt
- Bone and Biomaterials Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Anastasia Akovantseva
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Usanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Gasser
- Department of Solid Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kimberly L Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Science for Life Laboratory and Uppsala University, Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.,Sorbonne Université - CR2P - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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184
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Huang S, Jin M, Su N, Chen L. New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:357-375. [PMID: 33051970 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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185
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Jahejo AR, Tian WX. Cellular, molecular and genetical overview of avian tibial dyschondroplasia. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:569-579. [PMID: 33066991 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is an intractable avian bone disease that causes severe poultry economic losses. The pathogenicity of TD is unknown. Therefore, TD disease has not been evacuated yet. Based on continuous research findings, we have gone through the molecular and cellular insight into the TD and proposed possible pathogenicity for future studies. Immunity and angiogenesis-related genes expressed in the erythrocytes of chicken, influenced the apoptosis of chicken chondrocytes to cause TD. TD could be defined as the irregular, unmineralized and un-vascularized mass of cartilage, which is caused by apoptosis, degeneration and insufficient blood supply at the site of the chicken growth plate. The failure of angiogenesis attributed improper nutrients supply to the chondrocytes; ultimately, bone development stopped, poor calcification of cartilage matrix, and apoptosis of chondrocytes occurred. Recent studies explore potential signaling pathways that regulated TD in broiler chickens, including parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), transforming growth factor β (TGF- β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Several studies have reported many medicines to treat TD. However, recently, rGSTA3 protein (50 μg·kg-1) is considered the most proper TD treatment. The present review has summarized the molecular and cellular insight into the TD, which will help researchers in medicine development to evacuate TD completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wen Xia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China.
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186
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Abood AA, Møller-Madsen B, Shiguetomi-Medina JM, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Foldager C, Rahbek O. Autologous cartilage and fibrin sealant may be superior to conventional fat grafting in preventing physeal bone bridge formation - a pilot study in porcines. J Child Orthop 2020; 14:459-465. [PMID: 33204354 PMCID: PMC7666797 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The article compares physeal recovery after insertion of autologous cartilage and a conventional fat graft in a standardized porcine physeal gap model. Presence of a bone bridge was the primary outcome. METHODS Ten porcines in two groups of five were included in a paired design. A standardized physeal gap in the distal femur was made in all animals. One group (n = 5) was randomized for deposition of autologous cartilage and a Tisseel® or Tisseel® alone. The autologous cartilage was harvested from the femoral articular surface. The other group was randomized for fat grafting or no grafts at all. All animals were housed for 14 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 14 weeks prior to euthanasia. The physis was harvested for histology. RESULTS MRI - Three bone bridges were seen in the fat grafted gaps. All empty gaps formed a bone bridge. No gaps filled with autologous cartilage and Tisseel® resulted in bone bridges. One gap filled with Tisseel® only caused a bone bridge. Histology - The cartilage grafted gaps recovered with physeal-like cartilaginous tissue in histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS Fat grafts seems ineffective in preventing bone bridges. The use of autologous cartilage may be superior to the current treatment. However, donor site complications were not investigated. The study serves as a proof of concept study and requires further investigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Abood
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,Correspondence should be sent to Ahmed A. Abood, Aarhus University
Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Casper Foldager
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Rahbek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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187
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Liu Q, Ma N, Zhu Q, Duan X, Shi H, Xiang D, Kong H, Sun H. Dentin Sialophosphoprotein Deletion Leads to Femoral Head Cartilage Attenuation and Subchondral Bone Ill-mineralization. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:703-718. [PMID: 32921220 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420960403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), which expresses and synthesizes in odontoblasts of dental pulp, is a critical protein for normal teeth mineralization. Originally, DSPP was identified as a dentin-specific protein. In 2010, DSPP was also found in femoral head cartilage, and it is still unclear what roles DSPP play in femoral head cartilage formation, growth, and maintenance. To reveal biological functions of DSPP in the femoral head cartilage, we examined Dspp null mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice to observe DSPP expression as well as localization in WT mice and to uncover differences of femoral head cartilage, bone morphology, and structure between these two kinds of mice. Expression data demonstrated that DSPP had heterogeneous fragments, expressed in each layer of femoral head cartilage and subchondral bone of WT mice. Dspp null mice exhibited a significant reduction in the thickness of femoral head cartilage, with decreases in the amount of proliferating cartilage cells and increases in apoptotic cells. In addition, the subchondral bone mineralization decreased, and the expressions of vessel markers (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and CD31), osteoblast markers (Osterix and dentin matrix protein 1 [DMP1]), osteocyte marker (sclerostin [SOST]), and osteoclast marker (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) were remarkably altered. These indicate that DSPP deletion can affect the proliferation of cartilage cells in the femoral head cartilage and endochondral ossification in subchondral bone. Our data clearly demonstrate that DSPP plays essential roles in the femoral head cartilage growth and maintenance and subchondral biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital (NM), Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danwei Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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188
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Yuan ZC, Xu WD, Wang JM, Wu Q, Zhou J, Huang AF. Gene polymorphisms and serum levels of sVEGFR-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15031. [PMID: 32929141 PMCID: PMC7490265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlation between soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) concentration, VEGFR1 gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk remains unclear. The present case–control study comprised 254 SLE patients, 385 other rheumatic diseases patients and 390 healthy controls. Serum levels of sVEGFR-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seven VEGFR1 genetic variants (rs2296188, rs9943922, rs2296283, rs7324510, rs9554322, rs9582036, rs9554320) were genotyped by KASP. Serum levels of sVEGFR-1 were up-regulated in SLE and positively correlated with disease activity. Furthermore, serum sVEGFR-1 presented a distinctive elevation in SLE in comparison with other rheumatic diseases. Frequencies of allele T of rs2296283 and allele G of rs9554322 were significant lower in SLE patients (P = 0.003, P = 0.004). Frequencies of genotypes TT of rs2296188 and rs2296283 were declined in patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0.039, P = 0.033). CC genotype of rs7324510 and rs9582036 was negatively correlated with SLE risk (OR = 0.538, OR = 0.508). Distribution of GG, GC, GG + GC genotypes of rs9554322 were different between SLE patients and healthy controls (P = 0.027, P = 0.036, P = 0.010). Moreover, frequency of TC genotype of rs7324510 was higher in SLE patients with lupus headache (χ2 = 9.924, P = 0.039) and frequency of TC genotype of rs9943922 was lower in patients with cylindruriain (χ2 = 7.589, P = 0.026). Frequencies of allele C of rs7324510 and allele T of rs9943922 were decreased in SLE patients with cylindruria and hypocomplementemia, respectively (χ2 = 4.195, P = 0.041, χ2 = 3.971, P = 0.046). However, frequency of allele C of rs9554322 was increased in SLE patients with pyuria (χ2 = 11.702, P = 0.001). In addition, SLE patients carrying GG, GC, CC genotypes for rs9554322 had higher levels of serum sVEGFR-1. In conclusion, serum sVEGFR-1 was elevated in SLE patients and may be a disease marker. VEGFR1 gene polymorphisms related to risk of SLE in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yuan
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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189
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Ko FC, Sumner DR. How faithfully does intramembranous bone regeneration recapitulate embryonic skeletal development? Dev Dyn 2020; 250:377-392. [PMID: 32813296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration plays an important role during a wide variety of musculoskeletal regeneration processes such as fracture healing, joint replacement and dental implant surgery, distraction osteogenesis, stress fracture healing, and repair of skeletal defects caused by trauma or resection of tumors. The molecular basis of intramembranous bone regeneration has been interrogated using rodent models of most of these conditions. These studies reveal that signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGFβ/BMP, FGF, VEGF, and Notch are invoked, reminiscent of embryonic development of membranous bone. Discoveries of several skeletal stem cell/progenitor populations using mouse genetic models also reveal the potential sources of postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration. The purpose of this review is to compare the underlying molecular signals and progenitor cells that characterize embryonic development of membranous bone and postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Ko
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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190
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Yue J, Yu H, Liu P, Wen P, Zhang H, Guo W, Zhang Q. Preliminary study of icariin indicating prevention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by regulating abnormal expression of miRNA-335 and protecting the functions of bone microvascular endothelial cells in rats. Gene 2020; 766:145128. [PMID: 32911026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that upregulated miR-335 in bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) might be associated with the disease of steroid-induced ONFH. Here, we study the preventive effect of ICA on steroid-induced ONFH in rats. METHOD 90 rats were separated into three groups: control group, methylprednisolone (MPS) group, and MPS + Icariin (ICA) group. Four weeks later, histological analyses were performed. Thrombomodulin (TM) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested. MiRNA-335 expression was screened in the three groups using Agilent Gene Spring GX software. Target genes of miRNA-335 were detected by bioinformatics analysis. The functions of BMECs were analyzed by scratch, angiogenesis and cell survival rate. RESULTS ICA can prevent the occurrence of steroid-associated ONFH in rats and reduce the amount of TM and VEGF in serum induced by glucocorticoids. ICA could regulate the overexpression of miRNA-335 induced by glucocorticoids. We predicted the Gene ontology (GO) and signaling pathways of target genes. At 24 hours, we found that ICA significantly promoted BMECs migration abilities. We also found that ICA could promote the angioplasty ability of BMECs. ICA could improve the survival rate of BMECs after steroid-induced injury. CONCLUSIONS ICA is effective to prevent the occurrence of steroidinduced ONFH. ICA has a protective effect against steroid-induced BMECs injury. ICA regulated the imbalance of miRNA-335 expression induced by the glucocorticoid in BMECs, which provides a new viewpoint to explore the mechanism of ICA in preventing steroid-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju'an Yue
- Department of Orthopaedic, Aviation General Hospital, Courtyard 3, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Huachen Yu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing , China.
| | - Pei Liu
- China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medicine, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengfei Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wanshou Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Qidong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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191
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Oda T, Iwakura T, Fukui T, Oe K, Mifune Y, Hayashi S, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Kawamoto T, Sakai Y, Akisue T, Kuroda R, Niikura T. Effects of the duration of transcutaneous CO 2 application on the facilitatory effect in rat fracture repair. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:886-891. [PMID: 31635930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide therapy has been reported to be effective in treating certain cardiac diseases and skin problems. Although a previous study suggested that transcutaneous carbon dioxide application accelerated fracture repair in association with promotion of angiogenesis, blood flow, and endochondral ossification, the influence of the duration of carbon dioxide application on fracture repair is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the duration of transcutaneous carbon dioxide application on rat fracture repair. METHODS A closed femoral shaft fracture was created in each rat. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: the control group; 1w-CO2 group, postoperative carbon dioxide treatment for 1 week; 2w-CO2 group, postoperative carbon dioxide treatment for 2 weeks; 3w-CO2 group, postoperative carbon dioxide treatment for 3 weeks. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide application was performed five times a week in the carbon dioxide groups. Sham treatment, where the carbon dioxide was replaced with air, was performed for the control group. Radiographic, histological, and biomechanical assessments were performed at 3 weeks after fracture. RESULTS The fracture union rate was significantly higher in the 3w-CO2 group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Histological assessment revealed promotion of endochondral ossification in the 3w-CO2 group than in the control group. In the biomechanical assessment, all evaluation items related to bone strength were significantly higher in the 3w-CO2 group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study, conducted using an animal model, demonstrated that continuous carbon dioxide application throughout the process of fracture repair was effective in enhancing fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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192
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Hozain S, Cottrell J. CDllb+ targeted depletion of macrophages negatively affects bone fracture healing. Bone 2020; 138:115479. [PMID: 32535290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important part of the fracture repair process which requires osteogenic cells to interact with innate immune cells such as macrophages. All murine macrophages express the F4/80 cell surface marker but they may be further subdivided into two main phenotypes: M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) based on surface marker expression and function. Macrophages polarize between these two main classes in response to inflammation while differentially regulating the healing process. Studies have shown that F4/80+ cell ablation impairs fracture healing, however, the distinct phenotypes that participate in the early healing process is unclear. We hypothesized that the M1 subtype is essential for the early steps of fracture healing and their depletion would impair fracture repair. To test this hypothesis, M1 (F4/80+/MHCII+/CD86+/CDllb+) macrophages were depleted using a saporin conjugated Mac-1 antibody (Mac1SAP) in vitro using primary macrophages and in vivo using a mouse femur fracture model. Primary macrophages isolated from mice femoral bone marrow were either left undifferentiated (+PBS), differentiated into M1 macrophages (+LPS), or differentiated to M2 macrophages (+IL-4), and then treated with either vehicle or 10 pM Mac1SAP. Samples were collected at day 2 and 5 post Mac1SAP treatment. Macrophage subtypes were identified by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion profiles were quantified using xMAP. For the in vivo model, mice were treated with Mac1SAP 24 h prior to fracture. Femur bone marrow samples were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry, xMAP, immunohistochemistry, MicroCT, and histology. The results demonstrated that Mac1SAP significantly depleted M1 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Mac1SAP treatment altered expression of 75% of cytokines in vitro and 30% of cytokines in vivo including IL-6, TNF-a, and IP-10. In both the in vitro and in vivo models, the M1 subtype correlated highly with cytokines G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, LIX, KC, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP1α, MIP1β, RANTES, IL-9, IL-2 and TNFα. M1 depletion was also found to reduced callus properties at day 14 via microCT analysis. Overall, the data suggests that depletion of M1 macrophages by Mac1SAP treatment alters the cytokine expression profiles during early bone repair which ultimately impairs bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hozain
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cottrell
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America.
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193
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Ma SKY, Chan ASF, Rubab A, Chan WCW, Chan D. Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Plasticity in Musculoskeletal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:781. [PMID: 32984311 PMCID: PMC7477050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cell fates to be reprogrammed given the proper signals, allowing for dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation into different cell fates. In vitro, this can be induced through direct activation of gene expression, however this process does not naturally occur in vivo. Instead, the microenvironment consisting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and signaling factors, directs the signals presented to cells. Often the ECM is involved in regulating both biochemical and mechanical signals. In stem cell populations, this niche is necessary for maintenance and proper function of the stem cell pool. However, recent studies have demonstrated that differentiated or lineage restricted cells can exit their current state and transform into another state under different situations during development and regeneration. This may be achieved through (1) cells responding to a changing niche; (2) cells migrating and encountering a new niche; and (3) formation of a transitional niche followed by restoration of the homeostatic niche to sequentially guide cells along the regenerative process. This review focuses on examples in musculoskeletal biology, with the concept of ECM regulating cells and stem cells in development and regeneration, extending beyond the conventional concept of small population of progenitor cells, but under the right circumstances even “lineage-restricted” or differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to enter into a different fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ka Yan Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Aqsa Rubab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson Cheuk Wing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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194
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Zhang M, Shi J, Xie M, Wen J, Niibe K, Zhang X, Luo J, Yan R, Zhang Z, Egusa H, Jiang X. Recapitulation of cartilage/bone formation using iPSCs via biomimetic 3D rotary culture approach for developmental engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 260:120334. [PMID: 32862124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recapitulation of cartilage/bone formation via guiding induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation toward chondrogenic mesoderm lineage is an ideal approach to investigate cartilage/bone development and also for cartilage/bone regeneration. However, current induction protocols are time-consuming and complicated to follow. Here, we established a rapid and efficient approach that directly induce iPSCs differentiation toward chondrogenic mesoderm lineage by regulating the crucial Bmp-4 and FGF-2 signaling pathways using a 3D rotary suspension culture system. The mechanical stimulation from 3D rotary suspension accelerates iPSCs differentiation toward mesodermal and subsequent chondrogenic lineage via the Bmp-4-Smad1 and Tgf-β-Smad2/3 signaling pathways, respectively. The scaffold-free homogenous cartilaginous pellets or hypertrophic cartilaginous pellets derived from iPSCs within 28 days were capable of articular cartilage regeneration or vascularized bone regeneration via endochondral ossification in vivo, respectively. This biomimetic culture approach will contribute to research related to cartilage/bone development, regeneration, and hence to therapeutic applications in cartilage-/bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Rukavina P, Koch F, Wehrle M, Tröndle K, Björn Stark G, Koltay P, Zimmermann S, Zengerle R, Lampert F, Strassburg S, Finkenzeller G, Simunovic F. In vivo evaluation of bioprinted prevascularized bone tissue. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3902-3911. [PMID: 32749669 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting can be considered as a progression of the classical tissue engineering approach, in which cells are randomly seeded into scaffolds. Bioprinting offers the advantage that cells can be placed with high spatial fidelity within three-dimensional tissue constructs. A decisive factor to be addressed for bioprinting approaches of artificial tissues is that almost all tissues of the human body depend on a functioning vascular system for the supply of oxygen and nutrients. In this study, we have generated cuboid prevascularized bone tissue constructs by bioprinting human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by extrusion-based bioprinting and drop-on-demand (DoD) bioprinting, respectively. The computer-generated print design could be verified in vitro after printing. After subcutaneous implantation of bioprinted constructs in immunodeficient mice, blood vessel formation with human microvessels of different calibers could be detected arising from bioprinted HUVECs and stabilization of human blood vessels by mouse pericytes was observed. In addition, bioprinted ASCs were able to synthesize a calcified bone matrix as an indicator of ectopic bone formation. These results indicate that the combined bioprinting of ASCs and HUVECs represents a promising strategy to produce prevascularized artificial bone tissue for prospective applications in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rukavina
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fritz Koch
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wehrle
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Tröndle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Koltay
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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196
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Oichi T, Otsuru S, Usami Y, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Iwamoto M. Wnt signaling in chondroprogenitors during long bone development and growth. Bone 2020; 137:115368. [PMID: 32380258 PMCID: PMC7354209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling together with other signaling pathways governs cartilage development and the growth plate function during long bone formation and growth. β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is a specific lineage determinant of skeletal mesenchymal cells toward chondrogenic or osteogenic direction. Once cartilage forms and the growth plate organize, Wnt signaling continues to regulate proliferation and differentiation of the growth plate chondrocytes. Although chondrocytes in the growth plate have a high capacity to proliferate, new cells must be supplied to the growth plate from chondroprogenitor population. Advances in in vivo cell tracking techniques have demonstrated the importance of Wnt signaling in driving tissue renewal. The Wnt-responsive cells, genetically marked by the Wnt-reporter system, are found as stem cells in various tissues. Similarly, Wnt-responsive cells are found in the periphery of the growth plate and expanded to constitute entire column structure, indicating that Wnt signaling participates in the regulation of chondroprogenitors in the growth plate. This review will discuss advancements in research of progenitors in the growth plate, specifically focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Oichi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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197
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Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145169. [PMID: 32708317 PMCID: PMC7404053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte, the mechanosensory cell type. Osteoclasts derived from the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are the principal cells involved in bone resorption. In osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis, the balance is lost and changes in favor of bone resorption. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. It has been reported that osteocytes express Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), an essential factor for osteoclast formation. RANKL secreted by osteocytes is the most important factor for physiologically supported osteoclast formation in the developing skeleton and in pathological bone resorption such as experimental periodontal bone loss. TNF-α directly enhances RANKL expression in osteocytes and promotes osteoclast formation. Moreover, TNF-α enhances sclerostin expression in osteocytes, which also increases osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that osteocyte-related cytokines act directly to enhance osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In this review, we outline the most recent knowledge concerning bone resorption-related cytokines and discuss the osteocyte as the master regulator of bone resorption and effector in osteoclast formation.
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198
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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199
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Kose A, Kose D, Halici Z, Aydin A, Ezirmik N, Karsan O, Toktay E. Is Ebselen A Therapeutic Target in Fracture Healing? Eurasian J Med 2020; 52:171-175. [PMID: 32612426 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.18443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the effect of ebselen on fracture healing in an experimental fracture model. Materials and Methods We divided rats into two groups, 6 rats in each: the experimental femur fracture control group and the ebselen treatment group with an experimental femur fracture. In the experimental femur fracture control group, we created only experimental femur fracture. In the ebselen treatment group, we administered ebselen treatment with creating an experimental femur fracture. We administered ebselen intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg once daily for 1 month after the 1st day of experimental femur fracture in the ebselen treatment group. We evaluated the recovery status of fractured femurs at the end of 1st month with radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Results According to the radiographic fracture healing scores, ebselen treatment increased the extent of new bone formation and fracture cartilage callus significantly compared to the control group. According to the histopathological recovery scores, ebselen treatment significantly improved healing scores compared to the control group. Ebselen treatment increased the expression scores of bone healing markers in the ebselen treatment group, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and osteocalcin, compared to the control group. Conclusion We demonstrated that ebselen treatment increases the formation of new bone in the femur in an experimentally created femoral fracture model. Ebselen has been shown to improve the bone fracture healing in a radiological and histopathological manner, and more detailed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kose
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Naci Ezirmik
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Karsan
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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200
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Chen S, Michálek M, Galusková D, Michálková M, Švančárek P, Talimian A, Kaňková H, Kraxner J, Zheng K, Liverani L, Galusek D, Boccaccini AR. Multi-targeted B and Co co-doped 45S5 bioactive glasses with angiogenic potential for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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