151
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Li P, De Marco A, Feng Z, Anav A, Zhou D, Paoletti E. Nationwide ground-level ozone measurements in China suggest serious risks to forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:803-813. [PMID: 29128249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We processed hourly ozone (O3) concentrations collected in 2015 and in 2016 by a network of 1497 stations across China, with the main aim of assessing the risk that present ambient O3 exposure is posing to Chinese forests. Our results indicate that the values of the metrics AOT40 (the accumulated hourly O3 concentrations above 40 ppb during daylight hours) recommended as European Union standard, and W126 (the sum of weighted hourly concentrations from 8:00 to 20:00) recommended as USA standard for forest protection, exceeded the critical levels (5 ppm h across 6 months for AOT40 and 7-21 ppm h over 3 months for W126) on average by 5.1 and 1.2 times, respectively. N100 showed on average 65 annual exceedances of 100 ppb as hourly value. The 12-h and 24-h averages showed a small difference, suggesting high concentrations also at night. Risk was higher for the northern temperate climate than for the southern tropical and sub-tropical climates, and overall for the northern regions than for the southern regions. Higher risk occurred in the non-urban areas than in the urban areas in northern, south-west and north-west China, whereas risk was higher at urban areas in eastern and southern China. The overall results of this first nationwide assessment suggest a significant risk for forests over the entire China and warrant for urgent measures for controlling O3 precursor emissions and establishing standards of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Disctrict, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 31, Rome, Italy; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Disctrict, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Alessandro Anav
- ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 31, Rome, Italy; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daojing Zhou
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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152
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Whyand T, Hurst JR, Beckles M, Caplin ME. Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review. Respir Res 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 29716592 PMCID: PMC5930792 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution is known to cause and exacerbate a number of chronic respiratory diseases. The World Health Organisation has placed air pollution as the world's largest environmental health risk factor. There has been recent publicity about the role for diet and anti-oxidants in mitigating the effects of pollution, and this review assesses the evidence for alterations in diet, including vitamin supplementation in abrogating the effects of pollution on asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. We found evidence to suggest that carotenoids, vitamin D and vitamin E help protect against pollution damage which can trigger asthma, COPD and lung cancer initiation. Vitamin C, curcumin, choline and omega-3 fatty acids may also play a role. The Mediterranean diet appears to be of benefit in patients with airways disease and there appears to be a beneficial effect in smokers however there is no direct evidence regarding protecting against air pollution. More studies investigating the effects of nutrition on rapidly rising air pollution are urgently required. However it is very difficult to design such studies due to the confounding factors of diet, obesity, co-morbid illness, medication and environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Whyand
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - J R Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Beckles
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M E Caplin
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
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153
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Hikku G, Sharma RK, William R, Thiruramanathan P, Nagaveena S. Al-Sn doped ZnO thin film nanosensor for monitoring NO2 concentration. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.S. Hikku
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, India
| | - R. Krishna Sharma
- Department of Physics, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, India
| | - R.V. William
- Department of Physics, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, India
| | - P. Thiruramanathan
- Department of Physics, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, India
| | - S. Nagaveena
- Physics, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankovil, Tamil Nadu, India
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154
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Modeling of gate bias controlled NO2 response of the PCDTBT based organic field effect transistor. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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155
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Chan KL, Wiegner M, Wenig M, Pöhler D. Observations of tropospheric aerosols and NO 2 in Hong Kong over 5years using ground based MAX-DOAS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1545-1556. [PMID: 29066192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present long term observations of atmospheric aerosols and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Hong Kong using a Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument. Ground based MAX-DOAS measurements were performed over 5years from December 2010 to November 2015. Vertical distribution profiles of aerosols and NO2 were derived from MAX-DOAS O4 and NO2 observations by applying the optimal estimation method. Retrieved MAX-DOAS measurements of aerosols and NO2 show good agreement with sun photometer observation of aerosol optical depths (AODs) and long path DOAS measurement of ground level NO2 mixing ratios. Tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 derived from MAX-DOAS measurements are used to validate OMI satellite NO2 observations. Daily data show reasonably good agreement with each other with Pearson correlation coefficient R=0.7. However, MAX-DOAS NO2 VCDs are on average higher than OMI observations by a factor of 2. Introducing aerosols in the air mass factor calculation would enhance the OMI VCDs by 7-13%, the remaining discrepancy is mainly due to the differences in spatial coverage between the two instruments. Diurnal variation patterns of aerosols and NO2 indicated significant contributions from local anthropogenic emissions. Analysis of air mass transport shows that the enhancement of surface aerosols and NO2 concentrations mainly results from accumulation of local emissions under low wind speed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - M Wiegner
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wenig
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - D Pöhler
- Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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156
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Engels S, Fong LSRZ, Chen Q, Leng MJ, McGowan S, Idris M, Rose NL, Ruslan MS, Taylor D, Yang H. Historical atmospheric pollution trends in Southeast Asia inferred from lake sediment records. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:907-917. [PMID: 29353806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuel combustion leads to increased levels of air pollution, which negatively affects human health as well as the environment. Documented data for Southeast Asia (SEA) show a strong increase in fossil fuel consumption since 1980, but information on coal and oil combustion before 1980 is not widely available. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) and heavy metals, such as mercury (Hg), are emitted as by-products of fossil fuel combustion and may accumulate in sediments following atmospheric fallout. Here we use sediment SCP and Hg records from several freshwater lentic ecosystems in SEA (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore) to reconstruct long-term, region-wide variations in levels of these two key atmospheric pollution indicators. The age-depth models of Philippine sediment cores do not reach back far enough to date first SCP presence, but single SCP occurrences are first observed between 1925 and 1950 for a Malaysian site. Increasing SCP flux is observed at our sites from 1960 onward, although individual sites show minor differences in trends. SCP fluxes show a general decline after 2000 at each of our study sites. While the records show broadly similar temporal trends across SEA, absolute SCP fluxes differ between sites, with a record from Malaysia showing SCP fluxes that are two orders of magnitude lower than records from the Philippines. Similar trends in records from China and Japan represent the emergence of atmospheric pollution as a broadly-based inter-region environmental problem during the 20th century. Hg fluxes were relatively stable from the second half of the 20th century onward. As catchment soils are also contaminated with atmospheric Hg, future soil erosion can be expected to lead to enhanced Hg flux into surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Engels
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Geography, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - L S R Z Fong
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - M J Leng
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S McGowan
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - M Idris
- Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Malaysia
| | - N L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - M S Ruslan
- Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Malaysia
| | - D Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - H Yang
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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157
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Murtaza R, Khokhar MF, Noreen A, Atif S, Hakeem KR. Multi-sensor temporal assessment of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column densities over Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9647-9660. [PMID: 29363034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal distributions of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities over Pakistan during the period 2002-2014 are discussed. Data products from three satellite instruments SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2 are used to prepare a database of tropospheric NO2 column densities over Pakistan and temporal evolution is also determined. Plausible NO2 sources in Pakistan are also discussed. The results show a large NO2 growth over all provinces and the major cities of Pakistan except the megacity of Karachi. Decline in industrial activities due to energy crises, worsening law and order situation, terrorist attacks, and political instability was explored as the main factor for lower NO2 VCDs over Karachi City. The overall increase can be attributed to the anthropogenic emissions over the areas with high population, traffic density, and industrial activities. Source identification revealed that use of fossil fuels by various sectors including power generation, vehicles, and residential sectors along with agriculture fires are among significant sources of NO2 emissions in Pakistan. Existing emission inventories such as EDGARv4.2 and MACCity largely underestimate the true anthropogenic NOx emissions in Pakistan. This study may provide vital information to policy makers and regulatory authorities in developing countries, including Pakistan, in order to devise effective air pollution abatement policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbia Murtaza
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Noreen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Atif
- Institute of Geographical Information System, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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158
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Waite SL, Li H, Page AJ. NO2 Solvation Structure in Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvents—The Role of the Hydrogen Bond Donor. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4336-4344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone L. Waite
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J. Page
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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159
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Xu Y, Xiao H, Guan H, Long C. Monitoring atmospheric nitrogen pollution in Guiyang (SW China) by contrasting use of Cinnamomum Camphora leaves, branch bark and bark as biomonitors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:1037-1048. [PMID: 29050730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Moss (as a reference material) and camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora) leaf, branch bark and bark samples were systematically collected across an urban-rural gradient in Guiyang (SW China) to determine the efficacy of using these bio-indicators to evaluate nitrogen (N) pollution. The tissue N concentrations (0.13%-2.70%) and δ15N values (-7.5‰ to +9.3‰) of all of these bio-indicators exhibited large spatial variations, as they recorded higher values in urban areas that quickly decreased with distance from the city center; moreover, both soil N concentrations and soil δ15N values were found no significant differences within each 6 km from the urban to the rural area. This not only suggests that the different N uptake strategies and variety of N responses of these bio-indicators can be reflected by their different susceptibilities to variations in N deposition but also reveals that they are able to indicate that urban N deposition is mostly from traffic and industry (NOx-N), whereas rural N deposition is mainly from agriculture (NHx-N). Compared to previously collected urban moss and camphor leaf samples, the significantly increased δ15N values in current urban moss and camphor leaf samples further indicate a greater contribution of NOx-N than NHx-N to urban N deposition. The feasibility of using the N concentrations and δ15N values of branch bark and bark as biomarkers of N deposition thus was further confirmed through the comparative use of these bio-indicators. It can be concluded that vascular plant leaves, branch bark and bark can be used as useful biomonitoring tools for evaluating atmospheric N pollution. For further study, quantitative criteria for the practical use of these bio-indicators in response to N deposition should be developed and the differences in the δ15N values of different plant parts should also be considered, particularly in urban environments that are severely disrupted by atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Hui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chaojun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, Linchengxi Road, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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160
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Yuan X, Si Y, Lin W, Yang J, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Qian W, Chen Y, Yang Y. Effects of short-term warming and nitrogen addition on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191403. [PMID: 29360853 PMCID: PMC5779672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing temperature and nitrogen (N) deposition are two large-scale changes projected to occur over the coming decades. The effects of these changes on dissolved organic matter (DOM) are largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of warming and N addition on the quantity and quality of DOM from a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Between 2014 and 2016, soil solutions were collected from 0–15, 15–30, and 30–60 cm depths by using a negative pressure sampling method. The quantity and quality of DOM were measured under six different treatments. The spectra showed that the DOM of the forest soil solution mainly consisted of aromatic protein-like components, microbial degradation products, and negligible amounts of humic-like substances. Warming, N addition, and warming + N addition significantly inhibited the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the surface (0–15 cm) soil solution. Our results suggested that warming reduced the amount of DOM originating from microbes. The decrease in protein and carboxylic acid contents was mostly attributed to the reduction of DOC following N addition. The warming + N addition treatment showed an interactive effect rather than an additive effect. Thus, short-term warming and warming + N addition decreased the quantity of DOM and facilitated the migration of nutrients to deeper soils. Further, N addition increased the complexity of the DOM structure. Hence, the loss of soil nutrients and the rational application of N need to be considered in order to prevent the accumulation of N compounds in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youtao Si
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuehmin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (YY)
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (YY)
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161
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The Association between Air Pollution and Outpatient and Inpatient Visits in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020178. [PMID: 29360738 PMCID: PMC5858253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, air pollution is a severe environmental problem in China. To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on health, a time series analysis of daily outpatient and inpatient visits in 2015 were conducted in Shenzhen (China). Generalized additive model was employed to analyze associations between six air pollutants (namely SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) and daily outpatient and inpatient visits after adjusting confounding meteorological factors, time and day of the week effects. Significant associations between air pollutants and two types of hospital visits were observed. The estimated increase in overall outpatient visits associated with each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration ranged from 0.48% (O3 at lag 2) to 11.48% (SO2 with 2-day moving average); for overall inpatient visits ranged from 0.73% (O3 at lag 7) to 17.13% (SO2 with 8-day moving average). Our results also suggested a heterogeneity of the health effects across different outcomes and in different populations. The findings in present study indicate that even in Shenzhen, a less polluted area in China, significant associations exist between air pollution and daily number of overall outpatient and inpatient visits.
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162
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Hao T, Song L, Goulding K, Zhang F, Liu X. Cumulative and partially recoverable impacts of nitrogen addition on a temperate steppe. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:237-248. [PMID: 29113017 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease biodiversity and change nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of ecological responses to chronic N addition and ecological recovery of grassland from N enrichment is limited. Here we present evidence from an 11-year grassland experiment with a range of N addition rates (0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) in Inner Mongolia, China. Chronic N addition led to a reduction in species richness, Shannon diversity index, and soil pH and an increase in aboveground biomass, foliar N, and soil mineral N. High N addition rates (240 and 480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) showed significant effects in the first and second years, which stabilized over time. Nitrogen addition at low rates (30 and 60 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) took longer (e.g., three years or more) to achieve significant effects. The negative impacts of high N addition (480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) were reduced and species richness, Shannon diversity index, and soil pH showed a limited but rapid recovery with the cessation of N addition. Our findings suggest serious and cumulative impacts of N addition on plant and soil communities but the potential for partial system recovery over time if N inputs decline or cease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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163
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Judd L, Al-saadi J, Valin L, Pierce RB, Yang K, Janz S, Kowalewski M, Szykman J, Tiefengraber M, Mueller M. The Dawn of Geostationary Air Quality Monitoring: Case Studies from Seoul and Los Angeles. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2018; 6:10.3389/fenvs.2018.00085. [PMID: 31534946 PMCID: PMC6749617 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the near-future launch of geostationary pollution monitoring satellite instruments over North America, East Asia, and Europe, the air quality community is preparing for an integrated global atmospheric composition observing system at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. One of the ways that NASA has supported this community preparation is through demonstration of future space-borne capabilities using the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument. This paper integrates repeated high-resolution maps from GeoTASO, ground-based Pandora spectrometers, and low Earth orbit measurements from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), for case studies over two metropolitan areas: Seoul, South Korea on June 9th, 2016 and Los Angeles, California on June 27th, 2017. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to illustrate how geostationary air quality monitoring platforms and ground-based remote sensing networks will close the current spatiotemporal observation gap. GeoTASO observes large differences in diurnal behavior between these urban areas, with NO2 accumulating within the Seoul Metropolitan Area through the day but NO2 peaking in the morning and decreasing throughout the afternoon in the Los Angeles Basin. In both areas, the earliest morning maps exhibit spatial patterns similar to emission source areas (e.g., urbanized valleys, roadways, major airports). These spatial patterns change later in the day due to boundary layer dynamics, horizontal transport, and chemistry. The nominal resolution of GeoTASO is finer than will be obtained from geostationary platforms, but when NO2 data over Los Angeles are up-scaled to the expected resolution of TEMPO, spatial features discussed are conserved. Pandora instruments installed in both metropolitan areas capture the diurnal patterns observed by GeoTASO, continuously and over longer time periods, and will play a critical role in validation of the next generation of satellite measurement.. These case studies demonstrate that different regions can have diverse diurnal patterns and that day-to-day variability due to meteorology or anthropogenic patterns such as weekday/weekend variations in emissions is large. Low Earth orbit measurements, despite their inability to capture the diurnal patterns at fine spatial resolution, will be essential for intercalibrating the geostationary radiances and cross-validating the geostationary retrievals in an integrated global observing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Lukas Valin
- Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - R. Bradley Pierce
- NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, Center for SaTellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Kowalewski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- University Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - James Szykman
- Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Tiefengraber
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Mueller
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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164
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Duan J, Tao J, Wu Y, Cheng T, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhu H, Xie X, Liu Y, Li X, Kong L, Li M, He Q. Comparison of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei between wet and dry seasons in Guangzhou, southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:11-22. [PMID: 28686891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), condensation nuclei (CN) and aerosol chemical composition were measured simultaneously at an urban site of Guangzhou from July to August 2015 and in January 2016, and the seasonal variations of aerosol activated fractions (NCCN/NCN) as well as their relevant influence factors were further studied accordingly. NCN is generally higher in winter (dry season), whereas NCCN and NCCN/NCN are mostly higher in summer (wet season) instead. In particular, NCCN and NCCN/NCN are much lower at smaller supersaturation levels (SS<0.2) in winter. In spite of similar diurnal variations for NCCN and NCN, NCCN/NCN indicates an opposite tendency, relatively lower at midday, dusk and before midnight. Other than the size of particles as well as their chemical composition, some other factors, such as mass, gas precursors, pollutant transportation, meteorological conditions, etc., also contribute to the variations of NCCN and NCCN/NCN. Particles from the local source or local-oceanic combination source cast influence on CN and CCN significantly, while the pollutants originating from and crossing over distant polluted areas contribute largely to CCN/CN. NCN and NCCN are relatively higher under pollution-free conditions in summertime and polluted conditions in wintertime, but NCCN/NCN is just the opposite. On various polluted conditions, aerosol CCN activities are greatly discrepant between summer and winter, especially during mist or heavy haze periods. The results imply that anthropogenic pollutants exert critical impacts on aerosol CCN activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Tao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Region Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia (TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tiantao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Region Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia (TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hailin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianshan He
- Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 20030, China
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165
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Li M, Liu H, Geng G, Hong C, Liu F, Song Y, Tong D, Zheng B, Cui H, Man H, Zhang Q, He K. Anthropogenic emission inventories in China: a review. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- now at Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaopeng Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanyang Man
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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166
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Srivastva N, Singh A, Bhardwaj Y, Dubey SK. Biotechnological potential for degradation of isoprene: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:587-599. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1379467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navnita Srivastva
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yashpal Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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167
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Tian Y, Zhang X, Shen H, Liu A, Zhao Z, Chen ML, Chen XW. High Time-Resolution Optical Sensor for Monitoring Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13064-13068. [PMID: 29134807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High time-resolution monitoring of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is of great importance for studying the formation mechanism of aerosols and improving air quality. Based on the Griess-Saltzman (GS) reaction, a portable NO2 optical sensor was developed by employing a porous polypropylene membrane tube (PPMT) integrated gas permeation collector and detector. The PPMT was filled with GS reagents and covered with a coaxial jacket tube for gas collection. Its two ends were respectively fixed with a yellowish-green light-emitting diode and a photodiode for optic signal reception. NO2 was automatically introduced through the collector by two air pumps cooperating with a homemade gas injector. Under the optimized conditions, the device presented good performance for monitoring NO2, such as a limit of detection of 5.1 ppbv (parts per billion by volume), an intraday precision of 4.1% (RSD, relative standard deviation, n = 11, c = 100 ppbv), an interday precision of 5.7% (RSD, n = 2-3 per day for 5 days, c = 100 ppbv), an analysis time of 4.0 min, and a linearity range extended to 700 ppbv. The developed device was successfully applied to analyzing outdoor air with a comparable precision to that of the standard method of China. The high time-resolution characteristic that includes sampling 15 times per hour and a good stability for 10 days of urban air analysis had also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Huiyan Shen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, China
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168
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Estimating Ground Level NO2 Concentrations over Central-Eastern China Using a Satellite-Based Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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169
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Xia X, Zhang A, Liang S, Qi Q, Jiang L, Ye Y. The Association between Air Pollution and Population Health Risk for Respiratory Infection: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14090950. [PMID: 28832531 PMCID: PMC5615487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, most of the research on air pollution and its adverse effects on public health in China has focused on megacities and heavily-polluted regions. Fewer studies have focused on cities that are slightly polluted. Shenzhen used to have a favorable air environment, but its air quality has deteriorated gradually as a result of development in recent years. So far, no systematic investigations have been conducted on the adverse effects of air pollution on public health in Shenzhen. This research has applied a time series analysis model to study the possible association between different types of air pollution and respiratory hospital admission in Shenzhen in 2013. Respiratory hospital admission was divided into two categories for comparison analysis among various population groups: acute upper respiratory infection and acute lower respiratory infection. The results showed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with acute respiratory infection hospital admission in Shenzhen in 2013. Children under 14 years old were the main susceptible population of acute respiratory infection due to air pollution. PM10, PM2.5 and NO₂ were the primary air pollutants threatening respiratory health in Shenzhen. Though air pollution level is generally relatively low in Shenzhen, it will benefit public health to control the pollution of particulate matter as well as other gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xia
- College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shi Liang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Qingwen Qi
- College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanjun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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170
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Mei L, Rozanov V, Vountas M, Burrows JP, Levy RC, Lotz W. Retrieval of aerosol optical properties using MERIS observations: Algorithm and some first results. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2017; 197:125-140. [PMID: 29760534 PMCID: PMC5946060 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) instrument on board ESA Envisat made measurements from 2002 to 2012. Although MERIS was limited in spectral coverage, accurate Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) from MERIS data are retrieved by using appropriate additional information. We introduce a new AOT retrieval algorithm for MERIS over land surfaces, referred to as eXtensible Bremen AErosol Retrieval (XBAER). XBAER is similar to the "dark-target" (DT) retrieval algorithm used for Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), in that it uses a lookup table (LUT) to match to satellite-observed reflectance and derive the AOT. Instead of a global parameterization of surface spectral reflectance, XBAER uses a set of spectral coefficients to prescribe surface properties. In this manner, XBAER is not limited to dark surfaces (vegetation) and retrieves AOT over bright surface (desert, semiarid, and urban areas). Preliminary validation of the MERIS-derived AOT and the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements yield good agreement, the resulting regression equation is y = (0.92 × ± 0.07) + (0.05 ± 0.01) and Pearson correlation coefficient of R = 0.78. Global monthly means of AOT have been compared from XBAER, MODIS and other satellite-derived datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlu Mei
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, German
| | | | - Marco Vountas
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, German
| | - John P. Burrows
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, German
| | - Robert C. Levy
- Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Wolfhardt Lotz
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, German
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171
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Huang T, Zhu X, Zhong Q, Yun X, Meng W, Li B, Ma J, Zeng EY, Tao S. Spatial and Temporal Trends in Global Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from 1960 to 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7992-8000. [PMID: 28613845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is critical for air quality modeling. Based on updated fuel consumption and emission factor databases, a global emission inventory was compiled with high spatial (0.1° × 0.1°), temporal (monthly), and source (87 sources) resolutions for the period 1960 to 2014. The monthly emission data have been uploaded online ( http://inventory.pku.edu.cn ), along with a number of other air pollutant and greenhouse gas data for free download. Differences in source profiles, not global total quantities, between our results and those reported previously were found. There were significant differences in total and per capita emissions and emission intensities among countries, especially between the developing and developed countries. Globally, the total annual NOx emissions finally stopped increasing in 2013 after continuously increasing over several decades, largely due to strict control measures taken in China in recent years. Nevertheless, the peak year of NOx emissions was later than for many other major air pollutants. Per capita emissions, either among countries or over years, follow typical inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curves, indicating that the emissions increased during the early stage of development and were restrained when socioeconomic development reached certain points. Although the trends are similar among countries, the turning points of developing countries appeared sooner than those of developed countries in terms of development status, confirming late-move advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Huang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qirui Zhong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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172
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Yu Z, Elliott EM. Novel Method for Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of Soil-Emitted Nitric Oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6268-6278. [PMID: 28467082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The global inventory of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions is poorly constrained, with a large portion of the uncertainty attributed to soil NO emissions that result from soil abiotic and microbial processes. While natural abundance stable N isotopes (δ15N) in various soil N-containing compounds have proven to be a robust tracer of soil N cycling, soil δ15N-NO is rarely quantified due to the measurement difficulties. Here, we present a new method that collects soil-emitted NO through NO conversion to NO2 in excess ozone (O3) and subsequent NO2 collection in a 20% triethanolamine (TEA) solution as nitrite and nitrate for δ15N analysis using the denitrifier method. The precision and accuracy of the method were quantified through repeated collection of an analytical NO tank and intercalibration with a modified EPA NOx collection method. The results show that the efficiency of NO conversion to NO2 and subsequent NO2 collection in the TEA solution is >98% under a variety of controlled conditions. The method precision (1σ) and accuracy across the entire analytical procedure are ±1.1‰. We report the first analyses of soil δ15N-NO (-59.8‰ to -23.4‰) from wetting-induced NO pulses at both laboratory and field scales that have important implications for understanding soil NO dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily M Elliott
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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173
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Liu H, Xiang K, Yang B, Xie X, Wang D, Zhang C, Liu Z, Yang S, Liu C, Zou J, Chai L. The electrochemical selective reduction of NO using CoSe 2@CNTs hybrid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14249-14258. [PMID: 28421525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Converting the NO from gaseous pollutant into NH4+ through electrocatalytical reduction using cost-effective materials holds great promise for pollutant purifying and resources recycling. In this work, we developed a highly selective and stable catalyst CoSe2 nanoparticle hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CoSe2@CNTs). The CoSe2@CNTs hybrid catalysts performed an extraordinary high selectivity for NH4+ formation in NO electroreduction with minimal N2O production and H2 evolution. The specific spatial structure of CoSe2 is conductive to the predominant formation of N-H bond between the N from adsorbed NO and H and inhibition of N-N formation from adjacent adsorbed NO. It was also the first time to convert the coordinated NO into NH4+ using non-noble metal catalysis. Moreover, the original concept of employing CoSe2 as eletrocatalyst for NO hydrogenation presented in this work can broaden horizons and provide new dimensions in the design of new highly efficient catalysts for NH4+ synthesis in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 4100835, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bentao Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhilou Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Cao Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 4100835, China.
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174
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Ren H, Chen YC, Wang XT, Wong GTF, Cohen AL, DeCarlo TM, Weigand MA, Mii HS, Sigman DM. 21st-century rise in anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on a remote coral reef. Science 2017; 356:749-752. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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175
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Perret JL, Bowatte G, Lodge CJ, Knibbs LD, Gurrin LC, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Johns DP, Lowe AJ, Burgess JA, Thompson BR, Thomas PS, Wood-Baker R, Morrison S, Giles GG, Marks G, Markos J, Tang MLK, Abramson MJ, Walters EH, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC. The Dose-Response Association between Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Serum Interleukin-6 Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051015. [PMID: 28481326 PMCID: PMC5454928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is an integral part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and air pollution is associated with cardiorespiratory mortality, yet the interrelationships are not fully defined. We examined associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure (as a marker of traffic-related air pollution) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and investigated effect modification and mediation by post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (post-BD-AO) and cardiovascular risk. Data from middle-aged participants in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS, n = 1389) were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression, using serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as the outcome. Mean annual NO2 exposure was estimated at residential addresses using a validated satellite-based land-use regression model. Post-BD-AO was defined by post-BD forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC) < lower limit of normal, and cardiovascular risk by a history of either cerebrovascular or ischaemic heart disease. We found a positive association with increasing serum IL-6 concentration (geometric mean 1.20 (95% CI: 1.1 to 1.3, p = 0.001) per quartile increase in NO2). This was predominantly a direct relationship, with little evidence for either effect modification or mediation via post-BD-AO, or for the small subgroup who reported cardiovascular events. However, there was some evidence consistent with serum IL-6 being on the causal pathway between NO2 and cardiovascular risk. These findings raise the possibility that the interplay between air pollution and systemic inflammation may differ between post-BD airflow obstruction and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Lyle C Gurrin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - David P Johns
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
- "Breathe Well" Center of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Paul S Thomas
- Prince of Wales' Hospital Clinical School and School of Medicine Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Richard Wood-Baker
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Stephen Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiological Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia.
| | - Guy Marks
- South West Sydney Clinical School, the University of NSW, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - James Markos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - E Haydn Walters
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
- "Breathe Well" Center of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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176
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Wu R, Xie S. Spatial Distribution of Ozone Formation in China Derived from Emissions of Speciated Volatile Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2574-2583. [PMID: 28145691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is becoming increasingly severe in China. In addition, our limited understanding of the relationship between O3 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is an obstacle to improving air quality. By developing an improved source-oriented speciated VOC emission inventory in 2013, we estimated the ozone formation potential (OFP) and investigated its characteristics in China. Besides, a comparison was made between our estimates and space-based observations from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Aura satellite. According to our estimates, m-/p-xylene, ethylene, formaldehyde, toluene, and propene were the five species that had the largest potential to form ozone, and on-road vehicles, industrial processes, biofuel combustion, and surface coating were the key contributing sectors. Among different regions of China, the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta had the highest OFP values. Our results suggest that O3 formation is VOC-limited in major urban areas of China. Additionally, considering the different photochemical reactivities of various VOC species and the disparate energy and industry structures in the different regions of China, more efficient OFP-based and localized VOC control measures should be implemented, instead of the current mass-based and nationally uniform policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University , Room 402, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University , Room 402, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
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177
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Yang Y, Xi X, Zhong X, Eisenhauer N, Sun S. N addition suppresses the performance of grassland caterpillars ( Gynaephora alpherakjj
) by decreasing ground temperature. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangheshan Yang
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Xintong Zhong
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Biology; Leipzig University; Johannisallee 21 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210046 China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 China
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178
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Chambers SD, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Brown RJC, Griffiths AD, Crawford J. Statistical analysis of Seoul air quality to assess the efficacy of emission abatement strategies since 1987. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:105-116. [PMID: 28011028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combined influences of recent mitigation measures on urban air quality have been assessed using hourly observations of the criteria air pollutants (NO, NO2, O3, CO, and SO2) made from the Yongsan district of Seoul, Korea, over 26years (1987 to 2013). A number of data selection criteria are proposed in order to minimize variability associated with temporal changes (at diurnal, weekly, and seasonal timescales) in source strengths, their spatial distribution, and the atmospheric volume into which they mix. The temporal constraints required to better characterize relationships between observed air quality and changes in source strengths in Seoul were identified as: (i) a 5-hour diurnal sampling window (1300-1700h), (b) weekday measurements (Monday to Friday only), and (c) summer measurements (when pollutant fetch is mostly Korea-specific, and mean wind speeds are the lowest). Using these selection criteria, we were able to closely relate long-term trends identified in criteria pollutants to a number of published changes to traffic-related source strengths brought about by mitigation measures adopted over the last 10-15years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Chambers
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard J C Brown
- Environment Division, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Alan D Griffiths
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Jagoda Crawford
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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179
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Zhang S, Wu Y, Zhao B, Wu X, Shu J, Hao J. City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 51:75-87. [PMID: 28115153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air quality. Our assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants (e.g., CO, HC and PM2.5) in the YRD region. Even in Shanghai, where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to 2010. Emission-reduction targets for HC, NOx and PM2.5 are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air quality. We design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region: Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in Jiangsu. Our results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards, the limitation of vehicle population and usage, and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied, Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by 2020. Therefore, additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Zhang
- University of Michigan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ye Wu
- Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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180
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Mathur R, Xing J, Gilliam R, Sarwar G, Hogrefe C, Pleim J, Pouliot G, Roselle S, Spero TL, Wong DC, Young J. Extending the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System to Hemispheric Scales: Overview of Process Considerations and Initial Applications. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:12449-12474. [PMID: 29681922 PMCID: PMC5907506 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-12449-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system is extended to simulate ozone, particulate matter, and related precursor distributions throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Modelled processes were examined and enhanced to suitably represent the extended space and time scales for such applications. Hemispheric scale simulations with CMAQ and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are performed for multiple years. Model capabilities for a range of applications including episodic long-range pollutant transport, long-term trends in air pollution across the Northern Hemisphere, and air pollution-climate interactions are evaluated through detailed comparison with available surface, aloft, and remotely sensed observations. The expansion of CMAQ to simulate the hemispheric scales provides a framework to examine interactions between atmospheric processes occurring at various spatial and temporal scales with physical, chemical, and dynamical consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mathur
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jia Xing
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Robert Gilliam
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Golam Sarwar
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christian Hogrefe
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Pleim
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George Pouliot
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Roselle
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tanya L. Spero
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David C. Wong
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Young
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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181
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Zhang S, Zhang B, Liu B, Sun S. A review of Mn-containing oxide catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3: reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions over Mn-containing selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Shuailing Sun
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
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182
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Wang T, Xue L, Brimblecombe P, Lam YF, Li L, Zhang L. Ozone pollution in China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1582-1596. [PMID: 27789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ozone in urban and industrial regions worldwide have long been a major air quality issue. With the rapid increase in fossil fuel consumption in China over the past three decades, the emission of chemical precursors to ozone-nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds-has increased sharply, surpassing that of North America and Europe and raising concerns about worsening ozone pollution in China. Historically, research and control have prioritized acid rain, particulate matter, and more recently fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In contrast, less is known about ozone pollution, partly due to a lack of monitoring of atmospheric ozone and its precursors until recently. This review summarizes the main findings from published papers on the characteristics and sources and processes of ozone and ozone precursors in the boundary layer of urban and rural areas of China, including concentration levels, seasonal variation, meteorology conducive to photochemistry and pollution transport, key production and loss processes, ozone dependence on nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, and the effects of ozone on crops and human health. Ozone concentrations exceeding the ambient air quality standard by 100-200% have been observed in China's major urban centers such as Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River delta, and the Pearl River delta, and limited studies suggest harmful effect of ozone on human health and agricultural corps; key chemical precursors and meteorological conditions conductive to ozone pollution have been investigated, and inter-city/region transport of ozone is significant. Several recommendations are given for future research and policy development on ground-level ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Fat Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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183
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Liu F, Beirle S, Zhang Q, van der A RJ, Zheng B, Tong D, He K. NO x emission trends over Chinese cities estimated from OMI observations during 2005 to 2015. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:9261-9275. [PMID: 29104586 PMCID: PMC5664226 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-9261-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Satellite NO2 observations have been widely used to evaluate emission changes. To determine trends in NOx emission over China, we used a method independent of chemical transport models to quantify the NOx emissions from 48 cities and 7 power plants over China, on the basis of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 observations during 2005 to 2015. We found that NOx emissions over 48 Chinese cities increased by 52% from 2005 to 2011 and decreased by 21% from 2011 to 2015. The decrease since 2011 could be mainly attributed to emission control measures in power sector; while cities with different dominant emission sources (i.e. power, industrial and transportation sectors) showed variable emission decline timelines that corresponded to the schedules for emission control in different sectors. The time series of the derived NOx emissions was consistent with the bottom-up emission inventories for all power plants (r=0.8 on average), but not for some cities (r=0.4 on average). The lack of consistency observed for cities was most probably due to the high uncertainty of bottom-up urban emissions used in this study, which were derived from downscaling the regional-based emission data to cities by using spatial distribution proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, De Bilt, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald J. van der A
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, De Bilt, the Netherlands
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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184
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Liu F, Beirle S, Zhang Q, van der A RJ, Zheng B, Tong D, He K. NO x emission trends over Chinese cities estimated from OMI observations during 2005 to 2015. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017. [PMID: 29104586 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-1775-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Satellite NO2 observations have been widely used to evaluate emission changes. To determine trends in NOx emission over China, we used a method independent of chemical transport models to quantify the NOx emissions from 48 cities and 7 power plants over China, on the basis of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 observations during 2005 to 2015. We found that NOx emissions over 48 Chinese cities increased by 52% from 2005 to 2011 and decreased by 21% from 2011 to 2015. The decrease since 2011 could be mainly attributed to emission control measures in power sector; while cities with different dominant emission sources (i.e. power, industrial and transportation sectors) showed variable emission decline timelines that corresponded to the schedules for emission control in different sectors. The time series of the derived NOx emissions was consistent with the bottom-up emission inventories for all power plants (r=0.8 on average), but not for some cities (r=0.4 on average). The lack of consistency observed for cities was most probably due to the high uncertainty of bottom-up urban emissions used in this study, which were derived from downscaling the regional-based emission data to cities by using spatial distribution proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, De Bilt, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald J van der A
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, De Bilt, the Netherlands
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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185
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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186
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Pattern of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Pollutants during 2013 in Shenzhen, China. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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187
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Zhang Y, Cooper OR, Gaudel A, Nédélec P, Ogino SY, Thompson AM, West JJ. Tropospheric ozone change from 1980 to 2010 dominated by equatorward redistribution of emissions. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2016; 9:875-879. [PMID: 33117431 PMCID: PMC7591124 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since 1980, anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors have decreased in developed regions, but increased in developing regions, particularly East and South Asia, redistributing emissions equatorwards1-4. Modeling studies have shown that the tropospheric ozone burden (B O3) is much more sensitive to emission changes in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere (SH) than other regions5-9. However, the effect of the spatial redistribution of emissions has not been isolated. Here we use a global chemical transport model to consider changes in anthropogenic short-lived emissions from 1980 to 2010, and separate the influence of changes in the spatial distribution of emissions from the total emission increase, on B O3 and surface ozone. We estimate that the spatial distribution change increased B O3 by slightly more than the combined influences of changes in the global emission magnitude itself and in global methane. These results are explained by the strong convection, fast reaction rates, and strong NOx sensitivity in the tropics and subtropics. Emissions increases in Southeast, East, and South Asia may be most important for the B O3 change. The spatial distribution of emissions has a dominant effect on global tropospheric ozone, suggesting that the future ozone burden will be determined mainly by emissions from the tropics and subtropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zhang
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Owen R Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Audrey Gaudel
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Philippe Nédélec
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, FR-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shin-Ya Ogino
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | | | - J Jason West
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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188
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Han X, Yin X. Density functional theory study of the NO2-sensing mechanism on a WO3 (0 0 1) surface: the role of surface oxygen vacancies in the formation of NO and NO3. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1246758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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189
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Kitao M, Yasuda Y, Kominami Y, Yamanoi K, Komatsu M, Miyama T, Mizoguchi Y, Kitaoka S, Yazaki K, Tobita H, Yoshimura K, Koike T, Izuta T. Increased phytotoxic O3 dose accelerates autumn senescence in an O3-sensitive beech forest even under the present-level O3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32549. [PMID: 27601188 PMCID: PMC5013268 DOI: 10.1038/srep32549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations are expected to increase over the 21st century, especially in East Asia. However, the impact of O3 has not been directly assessed at the forest level in this region. We performed O3 flux-based risk assessments of carbon sequestration capacity in an old cool temperate deciduous forest, consisting of O3-sensitive Japanese beech (Fagus crenata), and in a warm temperate deciduous and evergreen forest dominated by O3-tolerant Konara oak (Quercus serrata) based on long-term CO2 flux observations. On the basis of a practical approach for a continuous estimation of canopy-level stomatal conductance (Gs), higher phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 0 uptake (POD0) with higher Gs was observed in the beech forest than that in the oak forest. Light-saturated gross primary production, as a measure of carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystem, declined earlier in the late growth season with increasing POD0, suggesting an earlier autumn senescence, especially in the O3-sensitive beech forest, but not in the O3-tolerant oak forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yukio Yasuda
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nabeyashiki 92-25, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yuji Kominami
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaroh 68, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yamanoi
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyama
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaroh 68, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mizoguchi
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaroh 68, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Department of Forest Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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190
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Song L, Shi W, Lu C. Confinement Effect in Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoreactor: Improved Optical Sensing Selectivity. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8188-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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191
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The allometry of reproductive allocation in a Chloris virgata population in response to simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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192
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Liang T, Tong Y, Liu X, Xu W, Luo X, Christie P. High nitrogen deposition in an agricultural ecosystem of Shaanxi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13210-13221. [PMID: 27023807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition plays an important role in the global N cycle. Data for dry and wet N deposition in agricultural ecosystem of Shaanxi in China is still imperfect; in this study, we continuously measured concentrations and fluxes of dry N deposition from 2010 to 2013 in Yangling district of Shaanxi province and wet N deposition from 2010 to 2012. The average annual concentrations of NH3, NO2, HNO3, particulate ammonium, and nitrate (pNH4 (+) and pNO3 (-)) varied among 3.9-9.1, 6.6-8.0, 1.2-1.4, 3.1-4.3, and 3.3-4.8 μg N m(-3), respectively, with mean values of 6.0, 7.2, 1.3, 3.8, and 4.1 μg N m(-3), respectively, during the entire monitoring period. The annual NH4 (+)-N and NO3 (-)-N concentrations in precipitation ranged 3.9-4.3 and 2.8-3.4 mg N L(-1) with the mean values of 4.1 and 3.3 mg N L(-1). The NH4 (+)-N/NO3 (-)-N ratio in rainfall averaged 1.2. Dry N deposition flux was determined to be 19.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) and the wet N deposition flux was 27.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). The amount of total atmospheric N deposition (dry plus wet) reached 46.4 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), in which dry deposition accounted 41 %. Gaseous N deposition comprised over 75 % of the dry deposition, and the proportion of oxidized N in dry deposition was equal to the reduced N. Therefore, the results suggest that more stringent regional air pollution control policies are required in the target area and that N deposition is an important nutrient resource from the atmosphere that must be taken into consideration in nutrient management planning of agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan'an Tong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaosheng Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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193
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Qu Y, An J, He Y, Zheng J. An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:13-25. [PMID: 27266298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur (sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen (nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO2 and NOx in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NOx emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring. However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales (e.g., a year). The source-receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because: (1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source-receptor relationships; (2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and (3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source-receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Youjiang He
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China
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194
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Zhang T, Yang S, Guo R, Guo J. Warming and Nitrogen Addition Alter Photosynthetic Pigments, Sugars and Nutrients in a Temperate Meadow Ecosystem. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155375. [PMID: 27171176 PMCID: PMC4865211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition have an important influence on terrestrial ecosystems; however, the influence of warming and N deposition on plant photosynthetic products and nutrient cycling in plants is not well understood. We examined the effects of 3 years of warming and N addition on the plant photosynthetic products, foliar chemistry and stoichiometric ratios of two dominant species, i.e., Leymus chinensis and Phragmites communis, in a temperate meadow in northeastern China. Warming significantly increased the chlorophyll content and soluble sugars in L. chinensis but had no impact on the carotenoid and fructose contents. N addition caused a significant increase in the carotenoid and fructose contents. Warming and N addition had little impact on the photosynthetic products of P. communis. Warming caused significant decreases in the N and phosphorus (P) concentrations and significantly increased the carbon (C):P and N:P ratios of L. chinensis, but not the C concentration or the C:N ratio. N addition significantly increased the N concentration, C:P and N:P ratios, but significantly reduced the C:N ratio of L. chinensis. Warming significantly increased P. communis C and P concentrations, and the C:N and C:P ratios, whereas N addition increased the C, N and P concentrations but had no impact on the stoichiometric variables. This study suggests that both warming and N addition have direct impacts on plant photosynthates and elemental stoichiometry, which may play a vital role in plant-mediated biogeochemical cycling in temperate meadow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (JG)
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (JG)
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195
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Shabbir Y, Khokhar MF, Shaiganfar R, Wagner T. Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:4-14. [PMID: 27155404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the findings of the first car MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) field campaign (300km long) along the National Highway-05 (N5-Highway) of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to Lahore. Source identification of NO2 revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO2 vertical column densities (NO2 VCDs) were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO2 VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and car MAX-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO2 columns with both car MAX-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car MAX-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. Maximum NO2 VCD retrieved from car MAX-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Shabbir
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Reza Shaiganfar
- Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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196
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Geddes JA, Martin RV, Boys BL, van Donkelaar A. Long-Term Trends Worldwide in Ambient NO2 Concentrations Inferred from Satellite Observations. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:281-9. [PMID: 26241114 PMCID: PMC4786989 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with morbidity and premature mortality. Satellite remote sensing provides globally consistent decadal-scale observations of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution. OBJECTIVE We determined global population-weighted annual mean NO2 concentrations from 1996 through 2012. METHODS We used observations of NO2 tropospheric column densities from three satellite instruments in combination with chemical transport modeling to produce a global 17-year record of ground-level NO2 at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution. We calculated linear trends in population-weighted annual mean NO2 (PWMNO2) concentrations in different regions around the world. RESULTS We found that PWMNO2 in high-income North America (Canada and the United States) decreased more steeply than in any other region, having declined at a rate of -4.7%/year [95% confidence interval (CI): -5.3, -4.1]. PWMNO2 decreased in western Europe at a rate of -2.5%/year (95% CI: -3.0, -2.1). The highest PWMNO2 occurred in high-income Asia Pacific (predominantly Japan and South Korea) in 1996, with a subsequent decrease of -2.1%/year (95% CI: -2.7, -1.5). In contrast, PWMNO2 almost tripled in East Asia (China, North Korea, and Taiwan) at a rate of 6.7%/year (95% CI: 6.0, 7.3). The satellite-derived estimates of trends in ground-level NO2 were consistent with regional trends inferred from data obtained from ground-station monitoring networks in North America (within 0.7%/year) and Europe (within 0.3%/year). Our rankings of regional average NO2 and long-term trends differed from the satellite-derived estimates of fine particulate matter reported elsewhere, demonstrating the utility of both indicators to describe changing pollutant mixtures. CONCLUSIONS Long-term trends in satellite-derived ambient NO2 provide new information about changing global exposure to ambient air pollution. Our estimates are publicly available at http://fizz.phys.dal.ca/~atmos/martin/?page_id=232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Geddes
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Address correspondence to J.A. Geddes, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 Canada. Telephone: 1 (902) 494-4261. E-mail:
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian L. Boys
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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197
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Jiang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tian G. Estimating nitrogen oxides emissions at city scale in China with a nightlight remote sensing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1119-1127. [PMID: 26779958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions over the fast developing regions have been of great concern due to their critical associations with the aggravated haze and climate change. However, little geographically specific data exists for estimating spatio-temporal trends of NOx emissions. In order to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of NOx emissions, a spatially explicit approach based on the continuous satellite observations of artificial nighttime stable lights (NSLs) from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) was developed to estimate NOx emissions from the largest emission source of fossil fuel combustion. The NSL based model was established with three types of data including satellite data of nighttime stable lights, geographical data of administrative boundaries, and provincial energy consumptions in China, where a significant growth of NOx emission has experienced during three policy stages corresponding to the 9th-11th)Five-Year Plan (FYP, 1995-2010). The estimated national NOx emissions increased by 8.2% per year during the study period, and the total annual NOx emissions in China estimated by the NSL-based model were approximately 4.1%-13.8% higher than the previous estimates. The spatio-temporal variations of NOx emissions at city scale were then evaluated by the Moran's I indices. The global Moran's I indices for measuring spatial agglomerations of China's NOx emission increased by 50.7% during 1995-2010. Although the inland cities have shown larger contribution to the emission growth than the more developed coastal cities since 2005, the High-High clusters of NOx emission located in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta should still be the major focus of NOx mitigation. Our results indicate that the readily available DMSP/OLS nighttime stable lights based model could be an easily accessible and effective tool for achieving strategic decision making toward NOx reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yangwei Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, United States
| | - Guangming Tian
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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198
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Bae SY, Jeong JI, Park RJ, Lim KSS, Hong SY. Weekly variability of precipitation induced by anthropogenic aerosols: A case study in Korea in summer 2004. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1531-1539. [PMID: 26479919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of anthropogenic aerosols on the weekly variability of precipitation in Korea in summer 2004 by using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. We conduct two WRF simulations including a baseline simulation with empirically based cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations and a sensitivity simulation with our implementation to account for the effect of aerosols on CCN number concentrations. The first simulation underestimates observed precipitation amounts, particularly in northeastern coastal areas of Korea, whereas the latter shows higher precipitation amounts that are in better agreement with the observations. In addition, the sensitivity model with the aerosol effects reproduces the observed weekly variability, particularly for precipitation frequency with a high R at 0.85, showing 20% increase of precipitation events during the weekend than those during weekdays. We find that the aerosol effect results in higher CCN number concentrations during the weekdays and a three-fold increase of the cloud water mixing ratio through enhanced condensation. As a result, the amount of warm rain is generally suppressed because of the low auto-conversion process from cloud water to rain water under high aerosol conditions. The inefficient conversion, however, leads to higher vertical development of clouds in the mid-atmosphere with stronger updrafts in the sensitivity model, which increases by 21% cold-phase hydrometeors including ice, snow, and graupel relative to the baseline model and ultimately results in higher precipitation amounts in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ya Bae
- Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaein I Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Rokjin J Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Song-You Hong
- Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Atmospheric Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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199
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Liu L, Zhang X, Wang S, Lu X, Ouyang X. A Review of Spatial Variation of Inorganic Nitrogen (N) Wet Deposition in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146051. [PMID: 26731264 PMCID: PMC4701729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition (Ndep), an important component of the global N cycle, has increased sharply in recent decades in China. Although there were already some studies on Ndep on a national scale, there were some gaps on the magnitude and the spatial patterns of Ndep. In this study, a national-scale Ndep pattern was constructed based on 139 published papers from 2003 to 2014 and the effects of precipitation (P), energy consumption (E) and N fertilizer use (FN) on spatial patterns of Ndep were analyzed. The wet deposition flux of NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N and total Ndep was 6.83, 5.35 and 12.18 kg ha(-1) a(-1), respectively. Ndep exhibited a decreasing gradient from southeast to northwest of China. Through accuracy assessment of the spatial Ndep distribution and comparisons with other studies, the spatial Ndep distribution by Lu and Tian and this study both gained high accuracy. A strong exponential function was found between P and Ndep, FN and Ndep and E and Ndep, and P and FN had higher contribution than E on the spatial variation of Ndep. Fossil fuel combustion was the main contributor for NO3(-)-N (86.0%) and biomass burning contributed 5.4% on the deposition of NO3(-)-N. The ion of NH4(+) was mainly from agricultural activities (85.9%) and fossil fuel combustion (6.0%). Overall, Ndep in China might be considerably affected by the high emissions of NOx and NH3 from fossil fuel combustion and agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanqian Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuehe Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoying Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Cui J, Zhou J, Peng Y, Chan A, Mao J. Effects of atmospheric deposition nitrogen flux and its composition on soil solution chemistry from a red soil farmland, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:2082-2091. [PMID: 26515781 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study on the solution chemistry of red soil in South China is presented. Data are collected from two simulated column-leaching experiments with an improved setup to evaluate the effects of atmospheric N deposition (ADN) composition and ADN flux on agricultural soil acidification using a (15)N tracer technique and an in situ soil solution sampler. The results show that solution pH values decline regardless of the increase of the NH4(+)/NO3(-) ratio in the ADN composition or ADN flux, while exchangeable Al(3+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) concentrations increase at different soil depths (20, 40, and 60 cm). Compared with the control, ADN (60 kg per ha per year N, NH4(+)/NO3(-) ratio of 2 : 1) decreases solution pH values, increases solution concentrations of NO3(-)-N, Al(3+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) at the middle and lower soil depths, and promotes their removal. NH4(+)-N was not detected in red soil solutions of all the three soil layers, which might be attributed to effects of nitrification, absorption and fixation in farmland red soil. Some of the NO3(-)-N concentrations at 40-60 cm soil depth exceed the safe drinking level of 10 mg L(-1), especially when the ADN flux is beyond 60 kg ha(-1) N. These features are critical for understanding the ADN agro-ecological effects, and for future assessment of ecological critical loads of ADN in red soil farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China. and Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Andrew Chan
- Division of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Jingdong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0126, USA
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