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Kong M, Zhang Y, Song M, Cong W, Gao C, Zhang J, Han S, Tu Q, Ma X. Myocardin‑related transcription factor A nuclear translocation contributes to mechanical overload‑induced nucleus pulposus fibrosis in rats with intervertebral disc degeneration. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:123. [PMID: 33982787 PMCID: PMC8121555 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/myocardin‑related transcription factor A (MRTF‑A) nuclear translocation axis positively regulates fibrogenesis induced by mechanical forces in various organ systems. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this signaling pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of nucleus pulposus (NP) fibrosis induced by mechanical overload during the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and to confirm the alleviating effect of an MRTF‑A inhibitor in the treatment of IVDD. NP cells (NPCs) were cultured on substrates of different stiffness (2.9 and 41.7 KPa), which mimicked normal and overloaded microenvironments, and were treated with an inhibitor of MRTF‑A nuclear import, CCG‑1423. In addition, bipedal rats were established by clipping the forelimbs of rats at 1 month and gradually elevating the feeding trough, and in order to establish a long‑term overload‑induced model of IVDD, and their intervertebral discs were injected with CCG‑1423 in situ. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, and protein expression was determined by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that the viability of NPCs was not affected by the application of force or the inhibitor. In NPCs cultured on stiff matrices, MRTF‑A was mostly localized in the nucleus, and the expression levels of fibrotic proteins, including type I collagen, connective tissue growth factor and α‑smooth muscle cell actin, were upregulated compared with those in NPCs cultured on soft matrices. The levels of these proteins were reduced by CCG‑1423 treatment. In rats, 6 months of upright posture activated MRTF‑A nuclear‑cytoplasmic trafficking and fibrogenesis in the NP and induced IVDD; these effects were alleviated by CCG‑1423 treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the RhoA/MRTF‑A translocation pathway may promote mechanical overload‑induced fibrogenic activity in NP tissue and partially elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiong Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Cong
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Changtong Gao
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qihao Tu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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152
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Yang G, Jiang F, Lu Y, Lin S, Liu C, Li A, Kaplan DL, Zhang S, He Y, Huang C, Zhang W, Jiang X. Rapid construction and enhanced vascularization of microtissue using a magnetic control method. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33967033 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe4c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells play critical roles in tissue repair and regeneration. The construction of stem cell-derived microtissue is a promising strategy for transplanting cells into defects to improve tissue regeneration efficiency. However, rapidly constructing larger microtissues and promoting vascularization to ensure the cellular nutrient supply remain major challenges. Here, we have developed a magnetic device to rapidly construct and regulate millimeter-scale microtissues derived from magnetic nanoparticle-labeled cells. When the microtissue was cultured under a specific magnetic field, the shape of the microtissue could be changed. Importantly, cell proliferation was maintained, and angiogenesis was activated in the process of microtissue deformation. We developed a magnetic control method to treat microtissue, and the implanted microtissue showed excellent vascularizationin vivo. In brief, this magnetic control technology provides a promising strategy for vascularized regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshuo Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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153
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Camal Ruggieri IN, Cícero AM, Issa JPM, Feldman S. Bone fracture healing: perspectives according to molecular basis. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:311-331. [PMID: 33151416 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fractures have a great impact on health all around the world and with fracture healing optimization; this problem could be resolved partially. To make a practical contribution to this issue, the knowledge of bone tissue, cellularity, and metabolism is essential, especially cytoskeletal architecture and its transformations according to external pressures. Special physical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allow the transmission of mechanical stimuli from outside the cell to the plasmatic membrane. The osteocyte cytoskeleton is conformed by a complex network of actin and microtubules combined with crosslinker proteins like vinculin and fimbrin, connecting and transmitting outside stimuli through EMC to cytoplasm. Herein, critical signaling pathways like Cx43-depending ones, MAPK/ERK, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, Rho-ROCK, and others are activated due to mechanical stimuli, resulting in osteocyte cytoskeletal changes and ECM remodeling, altering the tissue and, therefore, the bone. In recent years, the osteocyte has gained more interest and value in relation to bone homeostasis as a great coordinator of other cell populations, thanks to its unique functions. By integrating the latest advances in relation to intracellular signaling pathways, mechanotransmission system of the osteocyte and bone tissue engineering, there are promising experimental strategies, while some are ready for clinical trials. This work aims to show clearly and precisely the integration between cytoskeleton and main molecular pathways in relation to mechanotransmission mechanism in osteocytes, and the use of this theoretical knowledge in therapeutic tools for bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Nadir Camal Ruggieri
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Mauricio Cícero
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Sara Feldman
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- Research Council of the Rosario National University (CIUNR) and CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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154
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Mechanosensitive Regulation of Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050994. [PMID: 33922651 PMCID: PMC8145148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in the human body experience and integrate a wide variety of environmental cues. A growing interest in tissue mechanics in the past four decades has shown that the mechanical properties of tissue drive key biological processes and facilitate disease development. However, tissue stiffness is not only a potent behavioral cue, but also a product of cellular signaling activity. This review explores both roles of tissue stiffness in the context of inflammation and fibrosis, and the important molecular players driving such processes. During inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines upregulate tissue stiffness by increasing hydrostatic pressure, ECM deposition, and ECM remodeling. As the ECM stiffens, cells involved in the immune response employ intricate molecular sensors to probe and alter their mechanical environment, thereby facilitating immune cell recruitment and potentiating the fibrotic phenotype. This powerful feedforward loop raises numerous possibilities for drug development and warrants further investigation into the mechanisms specific to different fibrotic diseases.
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155
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Cermeño EA, O'Melia MJ, Han WM, Veith A, Barber G, Huang EH, Thomas SN, García AJ. Hydrodynamic shear-based purification of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic potential. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:1-11. [PMID: 31965190 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), a subpopulation of cancerous cells with high tumorigenic potential and stem-cell-like properties, drive tumor progression and are resistant to conventional therapies. Identification and isolation of TICs are limited by their low frequency and lack of robust markers. Here, we characterize the heterogeneous adhesive properties of a panel of human and murine cancer cells and demonstrate differences in adhesion strength among cells, which exhibit TIC properties and those that do not. These differences in adhesion strength were exploited to rapidly (~10 min) and efficiently isolate cancerous cells with increased tumorigenic potential in a label-free manner by use of a microfluidic technology. Isolated murine and human cancer cells gave rise to larger tumors with increased growth rate and higher frequency in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice, respectively. This rapid and label-free TIC isolation technology has the potential to be a valuable tool for facilitating research into TIC biology and the development of more efficient diagnostics and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín A Cermeño
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan J O'Melia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin Veith
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham Barber
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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156
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Sheng JY, Mo C, Li GY, Zhao HC, Cao Y, Feng XQ. AFM-based indentation method for measuring the relaxation property of living cells. J Biomech 2021; 122:110444. [PMID: 33933864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Probing the mechanical properties of cells is critical for understanding their deformation behaviors and biological functions. Although some methods have been proposed to characterize the elastic properties of cells, it is still difficult to measure their time-dependent properties. This paper investigates the use of atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine the reduced relaxation modulus of cells. In principle, AFM is hard to perform an indentation relaxation test that requires a constant indenter displacement during load relaxation, whereas the real AFM indenter displacement usually varies with time during relaxation due to the relatively small bending stiffness of its cantilever. We investigate this issue through a combined theoretical, computational, and experimental effort. A protocol relying on the choice of appropriate cantilever bending stiffness is proposed to perform an AFM-based indentation relaxation test of cells, which enables the measurement of reduced relaxation modulus with high accuracy. This protocol is first validated by performing nanoindentation relaxation tests on a soft material and by comparing the results with those from independent measurements. Then indentation tests of cartilage cells are conducted to demonstrate this method in determining time-dependent properties of living cells. Finally, the change in the viscoelasticity of MCF-7 cells under hyperthermia is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Sheng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chi Mo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guo-Yang Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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157
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Li F, Park TH, Sankin G, Gilchrist C, Liao D, Chan CU, Mao Z, Hoffman BD, Zhong P. Mechanically induced integrin ligation mediates intracellular calcium signaling with single pulsating cavitation bubbles. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6090-6104. [PMID: 33897901 PMCID: PMC8058710 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound or shockwave has shown its great potential to stimulate neural and muscle tissue, where cavitation microbubble induced Ca2+ signaling is believed to play an important role. However, the pertinent mechanisms are unknown, especially at the single-cell level. Particularly, it is still a major challenge to get a comprehensive understanding of the effect of potential mechanosensitive molecular players on the cellular responses, including mechanosensitive ion channels, purinergic signaling and integrin ligation by extracellular matrix. Methods: Here, laser-induced cavitation microbubble was used to stimulate individual HEK293T cells either genetically knocked out or expressing Piezo1 ion channels with different normalized bubble-cell distance. Ca2+ signaling and potential membrane poration were evaluated with a real-time fluorescence imaging system. Integrin-binding microbeads were attached to the apical surface of the cells at mild cavitation conditions, where the effect of Piezo1, P2X receptors and integrin ligation on single cell intracellular Ca2+ signaling was assessed. Results: Ca2+ responses were rare at normalized cell-bubble distances that avoided membrane poration, even with overexpression of Piezo1, but could be increased in frequency to 42% of cells by attaching integrin-binding beads. We identified key molecular players in the bead-enhanced Ca2+ response: increased integrin ligation by substrate ECM triggered ATP release and activation of P2X-but not Piezo1-ion channels. The resultant Ca2+ influx caused dynamic changes in cell spread area. Conclusion: This approach to safely eliciting a Ca2+ response with cavitation microbubbles and the uncovered mechanism by which increased integrin-ligation mediates ATP release and Ca2+ signaling will inform new strategies to stimulate tissues with ultrasound and shockwaves.
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158
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Terri M, Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Cordani M, Tripodi M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis: Focus on Immune Cells-Peritoneal Stroma Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607204. [PMID: 33854496 PMCID: PMC8039516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is characterized by abnormal production of extracellular matrix proteins leading to progressive thickening of the submesothelial compact zone of the peritoneal membrane. This process may be caused by a number of insults including pathological conditions linked to clinical practice, such as peritoneal dialysis, abdominal surgery, hemoperitoneum, and infectious peritonitis. All these events may cause acute/chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which undergoes progressive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy. Among the cellular processes implicated in these peritoneal alterations is the generation of myofibroblasts from mesothelial cells and other cellular sources that are central in the induction of fibrosis and in the subsequent functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Myofibroblast generation and activity is actually integrated in a complex network of extracellular signals generated by the various cellular types, including leukocytes, stably residing or recirculating along the peritoneal membrane. Here, the main extracellular factors and the cellular players are described with emphasis on the cross-talk between immune system and cells of the peritoneal stroma. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful for setup of therapies aimed at counteracting the deterioration as well as restoring the homeostasis of the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA) Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Lopez-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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159
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Computational model of damage-induced growth in soft biological tissues considering the mechanobiology of healing. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1297-1315. [PMID: 33768359 PMCID: PMC8298377 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Healing in soft biological tissues is a chain of events on different time and length scales. This work presents a computational framework to capture and couple important mechanical, chemical and biological aspects of healing. A molecular-level damage in collagen, i.e., the interstrand delamination, is addressed as source of plastic deformation in tissues. This mechanism initiates a biochemical response and starts the chain of healing. In particular, damage is considered to be the stimulus for the production of matrix metalloproteinases and growth factors which in turn, respectively, degrade and produce collagen. Due to collagen turnover, the volume of the tissue changes, which can result either in normal or pathological healing. To capture the mechanisms on continuum scale, the deformation gradient is multiplicatively decomposed in inelastic and elastic deformation gradients. A recently proposed elasto-plastic formulation is, through a biochemical model, coupled with a growth and remodeling description based on homogenized constrained mixtures. After the discussion of the biological species response to the damage stimulus, the framework is implemented in a mixed nonlinear finite element formulation and a biaxial tension and an indentation tests are conducted on a prestretched flat tissue sample. The results illustrate that the model is able to describe the evolutions of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases following damage and the subsequent growth and remodeling in the respect of equilibrium. The interplay between mechanical and chemo-biological events occurring during healing is captured, proving that the framework is a suitable basis for more detailed simulations of damage-induced tissue response.
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160
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Abe I, Terabayashi T, Hanada K, Kondo H, Teshima Y, Ishii Y, Miyoshi M, Kira S, Saito S, Tsuchimochi H, Shirai M, Yufu K, Arakane M, Daa T, Thumkeo D, Narumiya S, Takahashi N, Ishizaki T. Disruption of actin dynamics regulated by Rho effector mDia1 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophic responses and exacerbates dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1103-1117. [PMID: 32647865 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to pressure overload, leading to heart failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rho is immediately activated in left ventricles after pressure overload and that Rho signalling plays crucial regulatory roles in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement during cardiac hypertrophic responses. However, the mechanisms by which Rho and its downstream proteins control actin dynamics during hypertrophic responses remain not fully understood. In this study, we identified the pivotal roles of mammalian homologue of Drosophila diaphanous (mDia) 1, a Rho-effector molecule, in pressure overload-induced ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Male wild-type (WT) and mDia1-knockout (mDia1KO) mice (10-12 weeks old) were subjected to a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation. The heart weight/tibia length ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, left ventricular wall thickness, and expression of hypertrophy-specific genes were significantly decreased in mDia1KO mice 3 weeks after TAC, and the mortality rate was higher at 12 weeks. Echocardiography indicated that mDia1 deletion increased the severity of heart failure 8 weeks after TAC. Importantly, we could not observe apparent defects in cardiac hypertrophic responses in mDia3-knockout mice. Microarray analysis revealed that mDia1 was involved in the induction of hypertrophy-related genes, including immediate early genes, in pressure overloaded hearts. Loss of mDia1 attenuated activation of the mechanotransduction pathway in TAC-operated mice hearts. We also found that mDia1 was involved in stretch-induced activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and gene expression of c-fos in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). mDia1 regulated the filamentous/globular (F/G)-actin ratio in response to pressure overload in mice. Additionally, increases in nuclear myocardin-related transcription factors and serum response factor were perturbed in response to pressure overload in mDia1KO mice and to mechanical stretch in mDia1 depleted NRVMs. CONCLUSION mDia1, through actin dynamics, is involved in compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Arterial Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Formins/genetics
- Formins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Ligation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichitaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kondo
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Miho Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kira
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Yufu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Motoki Arakane
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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161
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Tupone MG, d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Catanesi M, Benedetti E, Cimini A. A State-of-the-Art of Functional Scaffolds for 3D Nervous Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:639765. [PMID: 33816451 PMCID: PMC8012845 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.639765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and developing multifunctional intelligent biomaterials is crucial to improve next-generation therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent findings show how distinct characteristics of in situ microenvironment can be mimicked by using different biomaterials. In vivo tissue architecture is characterized by the interconnection between cells and specific components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Last evidence shows the importance of the structure and composition of the ECM in the development of cellular and molecular techniques, to achieve the best biodegradable and bioactive biomaterial compatible to human physiology. Such biomaterials provide specialized bioactive signals to regulate the surrounding biological habitat, through the progression of wound healing and biomaterial integration. The connection between stem cells and biomaterials stimulate the occurrence of specific modifications in terms of cell properties and fate, influencing then processes such as self-renewal, cell adhesion and differentiation. Recent studies in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have shown to deal with a broad area of applications, offering the most efficient and suitable strategies to neural repair and regeneration, drawing attention towards the potential use of biomaterials as 3D tools for in vitro neurodevelopment of tissue models, both in physiological and pathological conditions. In this direction, there are several tools supporting cell regeneration, which associate cytokines and other soluble factors delivery through the scaffold, and different approaches considering the features of the biomaterials, for an increased functionalization of the scaffold and for a better promotion of neural proliferation and cells-ECM interplay. In fact, 3D scaffolds need to ensure a progressive and regular delivery of cytokines, growth factors, or biomolecules, and moreover they should serve as a guide and support for injured tissues. It is also possible to create scaffolds with different layers, each one possessing different physical and biochemical aspects, able to provide at the same time organization, support and maintenance of the specific cell phenotype and diversified ECM morphogenesis. Our review summarizes the most recent advancements in functional materials, which are crucial to achieve the best performance and at the same time, to overcome the current limitations in tissue engineering and nervous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Tupone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Center for Microscopy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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162
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Fischer LS, Rangarajan S, Sadhanasatish T, Grashoff C. Molecular Force Measurement with Tension Sensors. Annu Rev Biophys 2021; 50:595-616. [PMID: 33710908 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-101920-064756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to generate mechanical forces, but also to sense, adapt to, and respond to mechanical signals, is crucial for many developmental, postnatal homeostatic, and pathophysiological processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular mechanotransduction have remained elusive for many decades, as techniques to visualize and quantify molecular forces across individual proteins in cells were missing. The development of genetically encoded molecular tension sensors now allows the quantification of piconewton-scale forces that act upon distinct molecules in living cells and even whole organisms. In this review, we discuss the physical principles, advantages, and limitations of this increasingly popular method. By highlighting current examples from the literature, we demonstrate how molecular tension sensors can be utilized to obtain access to previously unappreciated biophysical parameters that define the propagation of mechanical forces on molecular scales. We discuss how the methodology can be further developed and provide a perspective on how the technique could be applied to uncover entirely novel aspects of mechanobiology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Fischer
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Srishti Rangarajan
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Tanmay Sadhanasatish
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
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163
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Nakajima H, Chiba A, Fukumoto M, Morooka N, Mochizuki N. Zebrafish Vascular Development: General and Tissue-Specific Regulation. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:145-159. [PMID: 34095009 PMCID: PMC8159758 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation is required for the delivery of oxygen and nutrition to tissues and organs, as well as waste collection. Therefore, the heart and vessels develop first during embryogenesis. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells, which originate from the mesoderm. The gene expression pattern required for blood vessel development is predetermined by the hierarchical and sequential regulation of genes for the differentiation of mesodermal cells. Herein, we review how blood vessels form distinctly in different tissues or organs of zebrafish and how vessel formation is universally or tissue-specifically regulated by signal transduction pathways and blood flow. In addition, the unsolved issues of mutual contacts and interplay of circulatory organs during embryogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Moe Fukumoto
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Nanami Morooka
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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164
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Nigro EA, Boletta A. Role of the polycystins as mechanosensors of extracellular stiffness. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F693-F705. [PMID: 33615892 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00545.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC-1) is a transmembrane protein, encoded by the PKD1 gene, mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This common genetic disorder, characterized by cyst formation in both kidneys, ultimately leading to renal failure, is still waiting for a definitive treatment. The overall function of PC-1 and the molecular mechanism responsible for cyst formation are slowly coming to light, but they are both still intensively studied. In particular, PC-1 has been proposed to act as a mechanosensor, although the precise signal that activates the mechanical properties of this protein has been long debated and questioned. In this review, we report studies and evidence of PC-1 function as a mechanosensor, starting from the peculiarity of its structure, through the long journey that progressively shed new light on the potential initiating events of cystogenesis, concluding with the description of PC-1 recently shown ability to sense the mechanical stimuli provided by the stiffness of the extracellular environment. These new findings have potentially important implications for the understanding of ADPKD pathophysiology and potentially for designing new therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polycystin-1 has recently emerged as a possible receptor able to sense extracellular stiffness and to negatively control the cellular actomyosin contraction machinery. Here, we revisit a large body of literature on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease providing a new possible mechanistic view on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Nigro
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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165
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Valencia L, López-Llorente V, Lasheras JC, Jorcano JL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J. Interaction of a Migrating Cell Monolayer with a Flexible Fiber. Biophys J 2021; 120:539-546. [PMID: 33359462 PMCID: PMC7895989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the development and behavior of biological tissues. In many situations, these forces are exerted or resisted by elastic compliant structures such as the own-tissue cellular matrix or other surrounding tissues. This kind of tissue-elastic body interactions are also at the core of many state-of-the-art in situ force measurement techniques employed in biophysics. This creates the need to model tissue interaction with the surrounding elastic bodies that exert these forces, raising the question of which are the minimal ingredients needed to describe such interactions. We conduct experiments in which migrating cell monolayers push on carbon fibers as a model problem. Although the migrating tissue is able to bend the fiber for some time, it eventually recoils before coming to a stop. This stop occurs when cells have performed a fixed mechanical work on the fiber, regardless of its stiffness. Based on these observations, we develop a minimal active-fluid model that reproduces the experiments and predicts quantitatively relevant features of the system. This minimal model points out the essential ingredients needed to describe tissue-elastic solid interactions: an effective inertia and viscous stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Valencia
- Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - José L Jorcano
- Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT-CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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166
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Focus on time: dynamic imaging reveals stretch-dependent cell relaxation and nuclear deformation. Biophys J 2021; 120:764-772. [PMID: 33524370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the stimuli to which cells are exposed in vivo, it has been shown that tensile deformations induce specific cellular responses in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and stromal tissues. However, the early response of cells to sustained substrate-based stretch has remained elusive because of the short timescale at which it occurs. To measure the tensile mechanical properties of adherent cells immediately after the application of substrate deformations, we have developed a dynamic traction force microscopy method that enables subsecond temporal resolution imaging of transient subcellular events. The system employs a novel, to our knowledge, tracking approach with minimal computational overhead to compensate substrate-based, stretch-induced motion/drift of stretched single cells in real time, allowing capture of biophysical phenomena on multiple channels by fluorescent multichannel imaging on a single camera, thus avoiding the need for beam splitting with the associated loss of light. Using this tool, we have characterized the transient subcellular forces and nuclear deformations of single cells immediately after the application of equibiaxial strain. Our experiments reveal significant differences in the cell relaxation dynamics and in the intracellular propagation of force to the nuclear compartment in cells stretched at different strain rates and exposes the need for time control for the correct interpretation of dynamic cell mechanics experiments.
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167
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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168
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Yu Y, Wu X, Liu S, Zhao H, Li B, Zhao H, Feng X. Piezo1 regulates migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via modulating cell mechanobiological properties. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:10-18. [PMID: 33210711 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are two essential processes during cancer metastasis. Increasing evidence has shown that the Piezo1 channel is involved in mediating cell migration and invasion in some types of cancers. However, the role of Piezo1 in the breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms have not been clarified yet. Here, we show that Piezo1 is high-expressed in breast cancer cell (BCC) lines, despite its complex expression in clinical patient database. Piezo1 knockdown (Piezo1-KD) promotes unconfined BCC migration, but impedes confined cell migration. Piezo1 may mediate BCC migration through the balances of cell adhesion, cell stiffness, and contractility. Furthermore, Piezo1-KD inhibits BCC invasion by impairing the invadopodium formation and suppressing the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well. However, the proliferation and cell cycle of BCCs are not significantly affected by Piezo1. Our study highlights a crucial role of Piezo1 in regulating migration and invasion of BCCs, indicating Piezo1 channel might be a new prognostic and therapeutic target in BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao’an Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Sisi Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongping Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiqiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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169
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Walbaum S, Ambrosy B, Schütz P, Bachg AC, Horsthemke M, Leusen JHW, Mócsai A, Hanley PJ. Complement receptor 3 mediates both sinking phagocytosis and phagocytic cup formation via distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100256. [PMID: 33839682 PMCID: PMC7948798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis is that complement receptors (CRs), especially CR3, mediate sinking phagocytosis, but evidence is lacking. Alternatively, CRs have been reported to induce membrane ruffles or phagocytic cups, akin to those induced by Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), but the details of these events are unclear. Here we used real-time 3D imaging and KO mouse models to clarify how particles (human red blood cells) are internalized by resident peritoneal F4/80+ cells (macrophages) via CRs and/or FcγRs. We first show that FcγRs mediate highly efficient, rapid (2-3 min) phagocytic cup formation, which is completely abolished by deletion or mutation of the FcR γ chain or conditional deletion of the signal transducer Syk. FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups robustly arise from any point of cell-particle contact, including filopodia. In the absence of CR3, FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups exhibit delayed closure and become aberrantly elongated. Independent of FcγRs, CR3 mediates sporadic ingestion of complement-opsonized particles by rapid phagocytic cup-like structures, typically emanating from membrane ruffles and largely prevented by deletion of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) adaptors FcR γ chain and DAP12 or Syk. Deletion of ITAM adaptors or Syk clearly revealed that there is a slow (10-25 min) sinking mode of phagocytosis via a restricted orifice. In summary, we show that (1) CR3 indeed mediates a slow sinking mode of phagocytosis, which is accentuated by deletion of ITAM adaptors or Syk, (2) CR3 induces phagocytic cup-like structures, driven by ITAM adaptors and Syk, and (3) CR3 is involved in forming and closing FcγR-mediated phagocytic cups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walbaum
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ambrosy
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paula Schütz
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne C Bachg
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Horsthemke
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter J Hanley
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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170
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Alfahad D, Alharethi S, Alharbi B, Mawlood K, Dash P. PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 dynamics during focal adhesions assembly and disassembly in a cancer cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:381-392. [PMID: 33402865 PMCID: PMC7759192 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2004-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are large assemblies of proteins that mediate intracellular signals between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The turnover of FA proteins plays a critical regulatory role in cancer cell migration. Plasma membrane lipids locally generated or broken down by different inositide kinases and phosphatase enzymes to activate and recruit proteins to specific regions in the plasma membrane. Presently, little attention has been given to the use of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) fluorescent biosensors in order to determine the spatiotemporal organisation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 within and around or during assembly and disassembly of FAs. In this study, specific biosensors were used to detect PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, and FAs proteins conjugated to RFP/GFP in order to monitor changes of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels within FAs. We demonstrated that the localisation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 were moderately correlated with that of FA proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that local levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 increased within FA assembly and declined within FA disassembly. However, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels remained constant within FAs assembly and disassembly. In conclusion, this study shows that PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 localised in FAs may be regulated differently during FA assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurgham Alfahad
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar Iraq
| | - Salem Alharethi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Khatab Mawlood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip Dash
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar Iraq.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading United Kingdom
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171
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SMAD6 transduces endothelial cell flow responses required for blood vessel homeostasis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:387-398. [PMID: 33779885 PMCID: PMC8206051 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress provided by blood flow instigates a transition from active blood vessel network expansion during development, to vascular homeostasis and quiescence that is important for mature blood vessel function. Here we show that SMAD6 is required for endothelial cell flow-mediated responses leading to maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Concomitant manipulation of the mechanosensor Notch1 pathway and SMAD6 expression levels revealed that SMAD6 functions downstream of ligand-induced Notch signaling and transcription regulation. Mechanistically, full-length SMAD6 protein was needed to rescue Notch loss-induced flow misalignment. Endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 had defective barrier function accompanied by upregulation of proliferation-associated genes and down regulation of junction-associated genes. The vascular protocadherin PCDH12 was upregulated by SMAD6 and required for proper flow-mediated endothelial cell alignment, placing it downstream of SMAD6. Thus, SMAD6 is a required transducer of flow-mediated signaling inputs downstream of Notch1 and upstream of PCDH12, as vessels transition from an angiogenic phenotype to maintenance of a homeostatic phenotype.
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172
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Deng H, Yang L, Wen P, Lei H, Blount P, Pan D. Spectrin couples cell shape, cortical tension, and Hippo signaling in retinal epithelial morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133846. [PMID: 32328630 PMCID: PMC7147103 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular force has a profound effect on cell shape, cytoskeleton tension, and cell proliferation through the Hippo signaling effector Yki/YAP/TAZ, how intracellular force regulates these processes remains poorly understood. Here, we report an essential role for spectrin in specifying cell shape by transmitting intracellular actomyosin force to cell membrane. While activation of myosin II in Drosophila melanogaster pupal retina leads to increased cortical tension, apical constriction, and Yki-mediated hyperplasia, spectrin mutant cells, despite showing myosin II activation and Yki-mediated hyperplasia, paradoxically display decreased cortical tension and expanded apical area. Mechanistically, we show that spectrin is required for tethering cortical F-actin to cell membrane domains outside the adherens junctions (AJs). Thus, in the absence of spectrin, the weakened attachment of cortical F-actin to plasma membrane results in a failure to transmit actomyosin force to cell membrane, causing an expansion of apical surfaces. These results uncover an essential mechanism that couples cell shape, cortical tension, and Hippo signaling and highlight the importance of non–AJ membrane domains in dictating cell shape in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Deng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Pei Wen
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Huiyan Lei
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Paul Blount
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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173
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Stassen OMJA, Ristori T, Sahlgren CM. Notch in mechanotransduction - from molecular mechanosensitivity to tissue mechanostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs250738. [PMID: 33443070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue development and homeostasis are controlled by mechanical cues. Perturbation of the mechanical equilibrium triggers restoration of mechanostasis through changes in cell behavior, while defects in these restorative mechanisms lead to mechanopathologies, for example, osteoporosis, myopathies, fibrosis or cardiovascular disease. Therefore, sensing mechanical cues and integrating them with the biomolecular cell fate machinery is essential for the maintenance of health. The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell and tissue fate in nearly all tissues. Notch activation is directly and indirectly mechanosensitive, and regulation of Notch signaling, and consequently cell fate, is integral to the cellular response to mechanical cues. Fully understanding the dynamic relationship between molecular signaling, tissue mechanics and tissue remodeling is challenging. To address this challenge, engineered microtissues and computational models play an increasingly large role. In this Review, we propose that Notch takes on the role of a 'mechanostat', maintaining the mechanical equilibrium of tissues. We discuss the reciprocal role of Notch in the regulation of tissue mechanics, with an emphasis on cardiovascular tissues, and the potential of computational and engineering approaches to unravel the complex dynamic relationship between mechanics and signaling in the maintenance of cell and tissue mechanostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M J A Stassen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland .,Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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174
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Kanoldt V, Kluger C, Barz C, Schweizer AL, Ramanujam D, Windgasse L, Engelhardt S, Chrostek-Grashoff A, Grashoff C. Metavinculin modulates force transduction in cell adhesion sites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6403. [PMID: 33335089 PMCID: PMC7747745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a ubiquitously expressed protein, crucial for the regulation of force transduction in cells. Muscle cells express a vinculin splice-isoform called metavinculin, which has been associated with cardiomyopathies. However, the molecular function of metavinculin has remained unclear and its role for heart muscle disorders undefined. Here, we have employed a set of piconewton-sensitive tension sensors to probe metavinculin mechanics in cells. Our experiments reveal that metavinculin bears higher molecular forces but is less frequently engaged as compared to vinculin, leading to altered force propagation in cell adhesions. In addition, we have generated knockout mice to investigate the consequences of metavinculin loss in vivo. Unexpectedly, these animals display an unaltered tissue response in a cardiac hypertrophy model. Together, the data reveal that the transduction of cell adhesion forces is modulated by expression of metavinculin, yet its role for heart muscle function seems more subtle than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kanoldt
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carleen Kluger
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schweizer
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Windgasse
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Chrostek-Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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175
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Goodwin K, Nelson CM. Mechanics of Development. Dev Cell 2020; 56:240-250. [PMID: 33321105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are integral to development-from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to the construction and differentiation of complex organs. Advances in imaging and biophysical tools have allowed us to delve into the developmental mechanobiology of increasingly complex organs and organisms. Here, we focus on recent work that highlights the diversity and importance of mechanical influences during morphogenesis. Developing tissues experience intrinsic mechanical signals from active forces and changes to tissue mechanical properties as well as extrinsic mechanical signals, including constraint and compression, pressure, and shear forces. Finally, we suggest promising avenues for future work in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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176
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Beffagna G, Sommariva E, Bellin M. Mechanotransduction and Adrenergic Stimulation in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: An Overview of in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568535. [PMID: 33281612 PMCID: PMC7689294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (AC) is a rare inherited heart disease, manifesting with progressive myocardium degeneration and dysfunction, and life-threatening arrhythmic events that lead to sudden cardiac death. Despite genetic determinants, most of AC patients admitted to hospital are athletes or very physically active people, implying the existence of other disease-causing factors. It is recognized that AC phenotypes are enhanced and triggered by strenuous physical activity, while excessive mechanical stretch and load, and repetitive adrenergic stimulation are mechanisms influencing disease penetrance. Different approaches have been undertaken to recapitulate and study both mechanotransduction and adrenergic signaling in AC, including the use of in vitro cellular and tissue models, and the development of in vivo models (particularly rodents but more recently also zebrafish). However, it remains challenging to reproduce mechanical load stimuli and physical activity in laboratory experimental settings. Thus, more work to drive the innovation of advanced AC models is needed to recapitulate these subtle physiological influences. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in this field both in clinical and laboratory-based modeling scenarios. Specific attention will be focused on highlighting gaps in the knowledge and how they may be resolved by utilizing novel research methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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177
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Feng X, Zhou T, Xu P, Ye J, Gou Z, Gao C. Enhanced regeneration of osteochondral defects by using an aggrecanase-1 responsively degradable and N-cadherin mimetic peptide-conjugated hydrogel loaded with BMSCs. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2212-2226. [PMID: 32119015 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the poor self-repair capabilities of articular cartilage, chondral or osteochondral injuries are difficult to be recovered. In this study, an N-cadherin mimetic peptide sequence HAVDIGGGC (HAV) was conjugated to direct cell-cell interactions, and an aggrecanase-1 cleavable peptide sequence CRDTEGE-ARGSVIDRC (ACpep) was used to crosslink hyperbranched PEG-based multi-acrylate polymer (HBPEG) with cysteamine-modified chondroitin sulfate (Cys-CS), obtaining an aggrecanase-1 responsively degradable and HAV-conjugated hydrogel ((HAV-HBPEG)-CS-ACpep). A HBPEG-CS-ACpep hydrogel without the HAV motif was also prepared. The two hydrogels exhibited similar equilibrium swelling ratios, elastic moduli and pore sizes after lyophilization, indicating the negligible influence of conjugated HAV on the crosslinking networks and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. After being degraded in PBS, aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS4) and trypsin, the HBPEG-CS-ACpep hydrogel exhibited significantly decreased elastic moduli with a much lower value when incubated in enzyme solutions. The two hydrogels could maintain the viability of encapsulated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the (HAV-HBPEG)-CS-ACpep hydrogel better promoted the cell-cell interactions. After being implanted into osteochondral defects in rabbits for 18 weeks, the two cell-laden hydrogel groups achieved better repair effects than the blank control group. Moreover, hyaline cartilage was formed in the (HAV-HBPEG)-CS-ACpep/BMSCs hydrogel group, while a hybrid of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage was found in the HBPEG-CS-ACpep/BMSCs hydrogel group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Peifang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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178
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Liu YL, Huang WH. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2757-2767. [PMID: 32632992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing based on conventional rigid electrodes has great restrictions for characterizing biomolecules in deformed cells or soft tissues. The recent emergence of stretchable sensors allows electrodes to conformally contact to curved surfaces and perfectly comply with the deformation of living cells and tissues. This provides a powerful strategy to monitor biomolecules from mechanically deformed cells, tissues, and organisms in real time, and opens up new opportunities to explore the mechanotransduction process. In this minireview, we first summarize the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with emphasis on the nanomaterial-enabled strategies. We then describe representative applications of stretchable sensors in the real-time monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells and tissues. Finally, we present the future possibilities and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensing in cell, tissue, and in vivo detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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179
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Liu Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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180
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Bajpai A, Li R, Chen W. The cellular mechanobiology of aging: from biology to mechanics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1491:3-24. [PMID: 33231326 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a chronic, complicated process that leads to degenerative physical and biological changes in living organisms. Aging is associated with permanent, gradual physiological cellular decay that affects all aspects of cellular mechanobiological features, including cellular cytoskeleton structures, mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and forces in the cell, as well as the cell's ability to sense and adapt to extracellular biomechanical signals in the tissue environment through mechanotransduction. These mechanobiological changes in cells are directly or indirectly responsible for dysfunctions and diseases in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, skin, and immune systems. This review critically examines the role of aging in the progressive decline of the mechanobiology occurring in cells, and establishes mechanistic frameworks to understand the mechanobiological effects of aging on disease progression and to develop new strategies for halting and reversing the aging process. Our review also highlights the recent development of novel bioengineering approaches for studying the key mechanobiological mechanisms in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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181
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Focal Adhesion Isolation Assay Using ECM-Coated Magnetic Beads. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33215375 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are force sensitive structures that dynamically alter their composition, protein-protein interactions, and signaling in response to external mechanical stimuli. These dynamic changes are critical for focal adhesion function and are required for cellular mechanosensing. Here, we describe a simple protocol that allows for isolation of the focal adhesion complex from adherent cells in culture in response to different mechanical stimuli applied at adhesion sites. By combining this assay with approaches such as proteomics or western blot analysis, one can study the force-dependent changes in focal adhesion composition, protein-protein interactions and signaling.
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182
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Fan WT, Qin Y, Hu XB, Yan J, Wu WT, Liu YL, Huang WH. Stretchable Electrode Based on Au@Pt Nanotube Networks for Real-Time Monitoring of ROS Signaling in Endothelial Mechanotransduction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15639-15646. [PMID: 33179904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are natively exposed to dynamic cyclic stretch and respond to it by the production of vasoactive molecules. Among them, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely implicated to the endothelial function and vascular homeostasis. However, the dynamic monitoring of ROS release during endothelial mechanotransduction remains a steep challenge. Herein, we developed a stretchable electrochemical sensor by decoration of uniform and ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on gold nanotube (Au NT) networks (denoted as Au@Pt NTs). The orchestrated structure exhibited prominent electrocatalytic property toward the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (as the most stable ROS) while maintaining excellent mechanical compliance of Au NT networks. Moreover, the favorable biocompatibility of Au NTs and Pt NPs promoted the adhesion and proliferation of ECs cultured thereon. These allowed in situ inducing ECs mechanotransduction and synchronously real-time monitoring of H2O2 release. Further investigation revealed that the production of H2O2 was positively correlated with the applied mechanical strains and could be boosted by other coexisting pathogenic factors. This indicates the great prospect of our proposed sensor in exploring ROS-related signaling for the deep understanding of cell mechanotransduction and vascular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Bo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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183
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Takata K, Goto T, Kuroda M, Kimura Y, Harada I, Ueda K, Kawada T, Kioka N. Stiffness of the extracellular matrix regulates differentiation into beige adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:205-210. [PMID: 32859378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beige/brite adipocytes, which express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat using stored triglycerides, are induced under specific stimuli such as cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Although extracellular microenvironments such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness are known to regulate cell behaviors, including cell differentiation into adipocytes, the effect on iWAT cells is unknown. In this study, we show that rigid ECM promotes the cell spreading of iWAT-derived preadipocytes. Furthermore, the expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in iWAT cells is promoted when the cells are cultured on rigid ECM. The expression of mTOR, a kinase known to regulate the differentiation to beige adipocytes, is decreased on rigid substrates. These results suggest that ECM stiffness plays an important role in the differentiation to beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mito Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ichiro Harada
- Medical Products Technology Development Center, R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 146-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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184
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Potla R, Hirano-Kobayashi M, Wu H, Chen H, Mammoto A, Matthews BD, Ingber DE. Molecular mapping of transmembrane mechanotransduction through the β1 integrin-CD98hc-TRPV4 axis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248823. [PMID: 32989042 PMCID: PMC7657480 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most rapid (less than 4 ms) transmembrane cellular mechanotransduction events involves activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels by mechanical forces transmitted across cell surface β1 integrin receptors on endothelial cells, and the transmembrane solute carrier family 3 member 2 (herein denoted CD98hc, also known as SLC3A2) protein has been implicated in this response. Here, we show that β1 integrin, CD98hc and TRPV4 all tightly associate and colocalize in focal adhesions where mechanochemical conversion takes place. CD98hc knockdown inhibits TRPV4-mediated calcium influx induced by mechanical forces, but not by chemical activators, thus confirming the mechanospecificity of this signaling response. Molecular analysis reveals that forces applied to β1 integrin must be transmitted from its cytoplasmic C terminus via the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail to the ankyrin repeat domain of TRPV4 in order to produce ultrarapid, force-induced channel activation within the focal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Potla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariko Hirano-Kobayashi
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin D Matthews
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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185
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Afrin S, Islam MS, Patzkowsky K, Malik M, Catherino WH, Segars JH, Borahay MA. Simvastatin ameliorates altered mechanotransduction in uterine leiomyoma cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:733.e1-733.e14. [PMID: 32417359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas, the most common tumors of the female reproductive system, are characterized by excessive deposition of disordered stiff extracellular matrix and fundamental alteration in the mechanical signaling pathways. Specifically, these alterations affect the normal dynamic state of responsiveness to mechanical cues in the extracellular environment. These mechanical cues are converted through integrins, cell membrane receptors, to biochemical signals including cytoskeletal signaling pathways to maintain mechanical homeostasis. Leiomyoma cells overexpress β1 integrin and other downstream mechanical signaling proteins. We previously reported that simvastatin, an antihyperlipidemic drug, has antileiomyoma effects through cellular, animal model, and epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that simvastatin might influence altered mechanotransduction in leiomyoma cells. STUDY DESIGN This is a laboratory-based experimental study. Primary leiomyoma cells were isolated from 5 patients who underwent hysterectomy at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Johns Hopkins University Hospital. Primary and immortalized human uterine leiomyoma cells were treated with simvastatin at increasing concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM, or control) for 48 hours. Protein and mRNA levels of β1 integrin and extracellular matrix components involved in mechanical signaling were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In addition, we examined the effect of simvastatin on the activity of Ras homolog family member A using pull-down assay and gel contraction. RESULTS We found that simvastatin significantly reduced the protein expression of β1 integrin by 44% and type I collagen by 60% compared with untreated leiomyoma cells. Simvastatin-treated cells reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase down to 26%-60% of control, whereas it increased total focal adhesion kinase protein expression. Using a Ras homolog family member A pull-down activation assay, we observed reduced levels of active Ras homolog family member A in simvastatin-treated cells by 45%-85% compared with control. Consistent with impaired Ras homolog family member A activation, simvastatin treatment reduced tumor gel contraction where gel area was 122%-153% larger than control. Furthermore, simvastatin treatment led to reduced levels of mechanical signaling proteins involved in β1 integrin downstream signaling, such as A-kinase anchor protein 13, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, myosin light-chain kinase, and cyclin D1. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible therapeutic role of simvastatin in restoring the altered state of mechanotransduction signaling in leiomyoma. Collectively, these findings are aligned with previous epidemiologic studies and other reports and support the need for clinical trials.
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186
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Fleissner F, Kumar S, Klein N, Wirth D, Dhiman R, Schneider D, Bonn M, Parekh SH. Tension Causes Unfolding of Intracellular Vimentin Intermediate Filaments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000111. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Fleissner
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Noreen Klein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Daniel Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Ravi Dhiman
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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187
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Irons L, Huang H, Owen MR, O'Dea RD, Meininger GA, Brook BS. Switching behaviour in vascular smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion during oscillatory loading. J Theor Biol 2020; 502:110387. [PMID: 32603668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrins regulate mechanotransduction between smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). SMCs resident in the walls of airways or blood vessels are continuously exposed to dynamic mechanical forces due to breathing or pulsatile blood flow. However, the resulting effects of these forces on integrin dynamics and associated cell-matrix adhesion are not well understood. Here we present experimental results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments, designed to study the integrin response to external oscillatory loading of varying amplitudes applied to live aortic SMCs, together with theoretical results from a mathematical model. In the AFM experiments, a fibronectin-coated probe was used cyclically to indent and retract from the surface of the cell. We observed a transition between states of firm adhesion and of complete detachment as the amplitude of oscillatory loading increased, revealed by qualitative changes in the force timecourses. Interestingly, for some of the SMCs in the experiments, switching behaviour between the two adhesion states is observed during single timecourses at intermediate amplitudes. We obtain two qualitatively similar adhesion states in the mathematical model, where we simulate the cell, integrins and ECM as an evolving system of springs, incorporating local integrin binding dynamics. In the mathematical model, we observe a region of bistability where both the firm adhesion and detachment states can occur depending on the initial adhesion state. The differences are seen to be a result of mechanical cooperativity of integrins and cell deformation. Switching behaviour is a phenomenon associated with bistability in a stochastic system, and bistability in our deterministic mathematical model provides a potential physical explanation for the experimental results. Physiologically, bistability provides a means for transient mechanical stimuli to induce long-term changes in adhesion dynamics-and thereby the cells' ability to transmit force-and we propose further experiments for testing this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Irons
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Huang Huang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Markus R Owen
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Bindi S Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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188
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Dannhäuser S, Lux TJ, Hu C, Selcho M, Chen JTC, Ehmann N, Sachidanandan D, Stopp S, Pauls D, Pawlak M, Langenhan T, Soba P, Rittner HL, Kittel RJ. Antinociceptive modulation by the adhesion GPCR CIRL promotes mechanosensory signal discrimination. eLife 2020; 9:e56738. [PMID: 32996461 PMCID: PMC7546736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion-type GPCRs (aGPCRs) participate in a vast range of physiological processes. Their frequent association with mechanosensitive functions suggests that processing of mechanical stimuli may be a common feature of this receptor family. Previously, we reported that the Drosophila aGPCR CIRL sensitizes sensory responses to gentle touch and sound by amplifying signal transduction in low-threshold mechanoreceptors (Scholz et al., 2017). Here, we show that Cirl is also expressed in high-threshold mechanical nociceptors where it adjusts nocifensive behaviour under physiological and pathological conditions. Optogenetic in vivo experiments indicate that CIRL lowers cAMP levels in both mechanosensory submodalities. However, contrasting its role in touch-sensitive neurons, CIRL dampens the response of nociceptors to mechanical stimulation. Consistent with this finding, rat nociceptors display decreased Cirl1 expression during allodynia. Thus, cAMP-downregulation by CIRL exerts opposing effects on low-threshold mechanosensors and high-threshold nociceptors. This intriguing bipolar action facilitates the separation of mechanosensory signals carrying different physiological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dannhäuser
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas J Lux
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Chun Hu
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Mareike Selcho
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jeremy T-C Chen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Nadine Ehmann
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Divya Sachidanandan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Sarah Stopp
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Dennis Pauls
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthias Pawlak
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Peter Soba
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Robert J Kittel
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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189
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Dynamic topology of double-stranded telomeric DNA studied by single-molecule manipulation in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6458-6470. [PMID: 32496520 PMCID: PMC7337930 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic topological structure of telomeric DNA is closely related to its biological function; however, no such structural information on full-length telomeric DNA has been reported due to difficulties synthesizing long double-stranded telomeric DNA. Herein, we developed an EM-PCR and TA cloning-based approach to synthesize long-chain double-stranded tandem repeats of telomeric DNA. Using mechanical manipulation assays based on single-molecule atomic force microscopy, we found that mechanical force can trigger the melting of double-stranded telomeric DNA and the formation of higher-order structures (G-quadruplexes or i-motifs). Our results show that only when both the G-strand and C-strand of double-stranded telomeric DNA form higher-order structures (G-quadruplexes or i-motifs) at the same time (e.g. in the presence of 100 mM KCl under pH 4.7), that the higher-order structure(s) can remain after the external force is removed. The presence of monovalent K+, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), acidic conditions, or short G-rich fragments (∼30 nt) can shift the transition from dsDNA to higher-order structures. Our results provide a new way to regulate the topology of telomeric DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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190
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Peripheral Mechanobiology of Touch-Studies on Vertebrate Cutaneous Sensory Corpuscles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176221. [PMID: 32867400 PMCID: PMC7504094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate skin contains sensory corpuscles that are receptors for different qualities of mechanosensitivity like light brush, touch, pressure, stretch or vibration. These specialized sensory organs are linked anatomically and functionally to mechanosensory neurons, which function as low-threshold mechanoreceptors connected to peripheral skin through Aβ nerve fibers. Furthermore, low-threshold mechanoreceptors associated with Aδ and C nerve fibers have been identified in hairy skin. The process of mechanotransduction requires the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into electrical signals (action potentials) through the activation of mechanosensible ion channels present both in the axon and the periaxonal cells of sensory corpuscles (i.e., Schwann-, endoneurial- and perineurial-related cells). Most of those putative ion channels belong to the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (especially the family of acid-sensing ion channels), the transient receptor potential channel superfamilies, and the Piezo family. This review updates the current data about the occurrence and distribution of putative mechanosensitive ion channels in cutaneous mechanoreceptors including primary sensory neurons and sensory corpuscles.
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191
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Quillen S, Schaub J, Quigley H, Pease M, Korneva A, Kimball E. Astrocyte responses to experimental glaucoma in mouse optic nerve head. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238104. [PMID: 32822415 PMCID: PMC7442264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate responses of optic nerve head astrocytes to sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in mice. METHODS We elevated IOP for 1 day to 6 weeks by intracameral microbead injection in 4 strains of mice. Astrocyte alterations were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) including immunogold molecular localization, and by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) with immunofluorescence for integrin β1, α-dystroglycan, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis were quantified by Ki67 and TUNEL labeling, respectively. RESULTS Astrocytes in normal optic nerve head expressed integrin β1 and α-dystroglycan by LSM and TEM immunogold labeling at electron dense junctional complexes that were found only on cell membrane zones bordering their basement membranes (BM) at the peripapillary sclera (PPS) and optic nerve head capillaries. At 1-3 days after IOP elevation, abnormal extracellular spaces appeared between astrocytes near PPS, and axonal vesical and mitochondrial accumulation indicated axonal transport blockade. By 1 week, abnormal spaces increased, new collagen formation occurred, and astrocytes separated from their BM, leaving cell membrane fragments. Electron dense junctional complexes separated or were absent at the BM. Astrocyte proliferation was modest during the first week, while only occasional apoptotic astrocytes were observed by TEM and TUNEL. CONCLUSIONS Astrocytes normally exhibit junctions with their BM which are disrupted by extended IOP elevation. Responses include reorientation of cell processes, new collagen formation, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Quillen
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie Schaub
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harry Quigley
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Pease
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arina Korneva
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kimball
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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192
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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193
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Strippoli R, Sandoval P, Moreno-Vicente R, Rossi L, Battistelli C, Terri M, Pascual-Antón L, Loureiro M, Matteini F, Calvo E, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Gómez MJ, Jiménez-Jiménez V, Sánchez-Cabo F, Vázquez J, Tripodi M, López-Cabrera M, Del Pozo MÁ. Caveolin1 and YAP drive mechanically induced mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32811813 PMCID: PMC7435273 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite their emerging relevance to fully understand disease pathogenesis, we have as yet a poor understanding as to how biomechanical signals are integrated with specific biochemical pathways to determine cell behaviour. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) markers colocalized with TGF-β1-dependent signaling and yes-associated protein (YAP) activation across biopsies from different pathologies exhibiting peritoneal fibrosis, supporting mechanotransduction as a central driving component of these class of fibrotic lesions and its crosstalk with specific signaling pathways. Transcriptome and proteome profiling of the response of mesothelial cells (MCs) to linear cyclic stretch revealed molecular changes compatible with bona fide MMT, which (i) overlapped with established YAP target gene subsets, and were largely dependent on endogenous TGF-β1 signaling. Importantly, TGF-β1 blockade blunts the transcriptional upregulation of these gene signatures, but not the mechanical activation and nuclear translocation of YAP per se. We studied the role therein of caveolin-1 (CAV1), a plasma membrane mechanotransducer. Exposure of CAV1-deficient MCs to cyclic stretch led to a robust upregulation of MMT-related gene programs, which was blunted upon TGF-β1 inhibition. Conversely, CAV1 depletion enhanced both TGF-β1 and TGFBRI expression, whereas its re-expression blunted mechanical stretching-induced MMT. CAV1 genetic deficiency exacerbated MMT and adhesion formation in an experimental murine model of peritoneal ischaemic buttons. Taken together, these results support that CAV1-YAP/TAZ fine-tune the fibrotic response through the modulation of MMT, onto which TGF-β1-dependent signaling coordinately converges. Our findings reveal a cooperation between biomechanical and biochemical signals in the triggering of MMT, representing a novel potential opportunity to intervene mechanically induced disorders coursing with peritoneal fibrosis, such as post-surgical adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy. .,Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Moreno-Vicente
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Loureiro
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Jiménez-Heffernan
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Jiménez-Jiménez
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa"-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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194
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Selig M, Lauer JC, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5399. [PMID: 32751354 PMCID: PMC7432012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since material stiffness controls many cell functions, we reviewed the currently available knowledge on stiffness sensing and elucidated what is known in the context of clinical and experimental articular cartilage (AC) repair. Remarkably, no stiffness information on the various biomaterials for clinical AC repair was accessible. Using mRNA expression profiles and morphology as surrogate markers of stiffness-related effects, we deduced that the various clinically available biomaterials control chondrocyte (CH) phenotype well, but not to equal extents, and only in non-degenerative settings. Ample evidence demonstrates that multiple molecular aspects of CH and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) phenotype are susceptible to material stiffness, because proliferation, migration, lineage determination, shape, cytoskeletal properties, expression profiles, cell surface receptor composition, integrin subunit expression, and nuclear shape and composition of CHs and/or MSCs are stiffness-regulated. Moreover, material stiffness modulates MSC immuno-modulatory and angiogenic properties, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced lineage determination, and CH re-differentiation/de-differentiation, collagen type II fragment production, and TGF-β1- and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced changes in cell stiffness and traction force. We then integrated the available molecular signaling data into a stiffness-regulated CH phenotype model. Overall, we recommend using material stiffness for controlling cell phenotype, as this would be a promising design cornerstone for novel future-oriented, cell-instructive biomaterials for clinical high-quality AC repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C. Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
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195
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Whitelaw JA, Swaminathan K, Kage F, Machesky LM. The WAVE Regulatory Complex Is Required to Balance Protrusion and Adhesion in Migration. Cells 2020; 9:E1635. [PMID: 32646006 PMCID: PMC7407199 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrating over 2D substrates are required to polymerise actin at the leading edge to form lamellipodia protrusions and nascent adhesions to anchor the protrusion to the substrate. The major actin nucleator in lamellipodia formation is the Arp2/3 complex, which is activated by the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). Using inducible Nckap1 floxed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we confirm that the WRC is required for lamellipodia formation, and importantly, for generating the retrograde flow of actin from the leading cell edge. The loss of NCKAP1 also affects cell spreading and focal adhesion dynamics. In the absence of lamellipodium, cells can become elongated and move with a single thin pseudopod, which appears devoid of N-WASP. This phenotype was more prevalent on collagen than fibronectin, where we observed an increase in migratory speed. Thus, 2D cell migration on collagen is less dependent on branched actin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1PD, UK
| | - Frieda Kage
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA;
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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196
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Liu F, Yao Z, Lü P, Jiao QB, Liu Q, Wu HX, You Y, Minamisawa S. Pathophysiologic Role of Molecules Determining Arteriovenous Differentiation in Adult Life. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:245-253. [PMID: 32535603 DOI: 10.1159/000507627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural differences between arteries and veins are genetically predetermined. Vascular identity markers, the molecular markers specific to veins and arteries, determine the differential development of vessels during embryogenesis and their expression persists in adult vessels. It is revealed that they can be reactivated under various pathophysiologic conditions even after vessel differentiation. Thus, once considered as quiescent in adults, vascular identity markers may actually play significant roles in vascular remodeling. Manipulation of vascular identity and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be a novel strategy to improve vascular remodeling for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Lü
- Vascular Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Qi-Bin Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Vascular Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Wu
- Vascular Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun You
- Vascular Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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197
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Desbiolles BXE, Hannebelle MTM, de Coulon E, Bertsch A, Rohr S, Fantner GE, Renaud P. Volcano-Shaped Scanning Probe Microscopy Probe for Combined Force-Electrogram Recordings from Excitable Cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4520-4529. [PMID: 32426984 PMCID: PMC7291358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy based approaches have led to remarkable advances in the field of mechanobiology. However, linking the mechanical cues to biological responses requires complementary techniques capable of recording these physiological characteristics. In this study, we present an instrument for combined optical, force, and electrical measurements based on a novel type of scanning probe microscopy cantilever composed of a protruding volcano-shaped nanopatterned microelectrode (nanovolcano probe) at the tip of a suspended microcantilever. This probe enables simultaneous force and electrical recordings from single cells. Successful impedance measurements on mechanically stimulated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in situ were achieved using these nanovolcano probes. Furthermore, proof of concept experiments demonstrated that extracellular field potentials (electrogram) together with contraction displacement curves could simultaneously be recorded. These features render the nanovolcano probe especially suited for mechanobiological studies aiming at linking mechanical stimuli to electrophysiological responses of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. X. E. Desbiolles
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - M. T. M Hannebelle
- Laboratory
of Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - E. de Coulon
- Laboratory
of Cellular Optics II, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - A. Bertsch
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - S. Rohr
- Laboratory
of Cellular Optics II, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - G. E. Fantner
- Laboratory
of Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - P. Renaud
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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198
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Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K. Evaluation of Melanoma (SK-MEL-2) Cell Growth between Three-Dimensional (3D) and Two-Dimensional (2D) Cell Cultures with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114141. [PMID: 32531986 PMCID: PMC7312007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the growth of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2) in two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. FTIR microspectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, could be used to monitor the variability of spheroid morphologies prepared from different cell densities. The characteristic shift in absorbance bands of the 2D cells were different from the spectra of cells from 3D spheroids. FTIR microspectroscopy can also be used to monitor cell death similar to fluorescence cell staining in 3D spheroids. A change in the secondary structure of protein was observed in cells from the 3D spheroid versus the 2D culture system. FTIR microspectroscopy can detect specific alterations in the biological components inside the spheroid, which cannot be detected using fluorescence cell death staining. In the cells from 3D spheroids, the respective lipid, DNA, and RNA region content represent specific markers directly proportional to the spheroid size and central area of necrotic cell death, which can be confirmed using unsupervised PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis. FTIR microspectroscopy could be used as an alternative tool for spheroid cell culture discrimination, and validation of the usual biochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-202-378
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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199
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Cell Alignment and Mitochondrial Length Change under Cyclic Stretching in Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114074. [PMID: 32517296 PMCID: PMC7312583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Most previous studies have been based on traditional cell-culturing methods. However, lung cells are periodically subjected to mechanical forces during breathing. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the cyclic stretching induced in lung cells may be important for lung cancer therapy. Here, we applied cyclic stretching to stimulate the continual contraction that is present under physiological conditions in lung cells. We first uncovered the stretching-induced phosphoproteome in lung cancer cell line A549 and fibroblast cell line IMR-90. We identified 2048 and 2604 phosphosites corresponding to 837 and 1008 phosphoproteins in A549 and IMR-90, respectively. Furthermore, we combined our phosphoproteomics and public gene expression data to identify the biological functions in response to cyclic stretching. Interestingly, cytoskeletal and mitochondrial reorganization were enriched. We further used cell imaging analysis to validate the profiling results and found that this physical force changed cell alignment and mitochondrial length. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of cyclic stretching but also provides evidence that cell stretching causes cellular rearrangement and mitochondrial length change.
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200
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Wilson RL, Sylvester CB, Wiltz DC, Kumar A, Malik TH, Morrisett JD, Grande-Allen KJ. The Ryanodine Receptor Contributes to the Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Mineralization in Valvular Interstitial Cells. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:316-327. [PMID: 32356274 PMCID: PMC10558202 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibrocalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is caused by the deposition of calcific nodules in the aortic valve leaflets, resulting in progressive loss of function that ultimately requires surgical intervention. This process is actively mediated by the resident valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which, in response to oxidized lipids, transition from a quiescent to an osteoblast-like state. The purpose of this study was to examine if the ryanodine receptor, an intracellular calcium channel, could be therapeutically targeted to prevent this phenotypic conversion. METHODS The expression of the ryanodine receptor in porcine aortic VICs was characterized by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Next, the VICs were exposed to lysophosphatidylcholine, an oxidized lipid commonly found in low-density lipoprotein, while the activity of the ryanodine receptor was modulated with ryanodine. The cultures were analyzed for markers of cellular mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Porcine aortic VICs predominantly express isoform 3 of the ryanodine receptors, and this protein mediates the cellular response to LPC. Exposure to LPC caused elevated intracellular calcium concentration in VICs, raised levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased calcific nodule formation, but these changes were reversed when the activity of the ryanodine receptor was blocked. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest blocking the activity of the ryanodine receptor can attenuate the valvular mineralization caused by LPC. We conclude that oxidized lipids, such as LPC, play an important role in the development and progression of CAVD and that the ryanodine receptor is a promising target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid L Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dena C Wiltz
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tahir H Malik
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Joel D Morrisett
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - K Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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