151
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Lee SH, Hong SH, Tang CH, Ling YS, Chen KH, Liang HJ, Lin CY. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to explore the biochemical effects of naphthalene toxicity or tolerance in a mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204829. [PMID: 30273358 PMCID: PMC6166967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene causes mouse airway epithelial injury. However, repeated exposures of naphthalene result in mouse airway tolerance. Previous results showed that toxicity or tolerance was correlated with changes of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids. In this study, a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach was applied to examine the effects of naphthalene-induced injury or tolerance in the male ICR mice. The injury model was vehicle x 7 plus 300 mg/kg naphthalene while the tolerant one was 200 mg/kg daily x 7 followed by 300 mg/kg naphthalene on day 8. The lung, liver, kidney, and serum samples were collected for profiles of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). A partial least-square-discriminate analysis model showed different lung phosphorylcholine-containing lipid profiles from the injured, tolerant, and control groups. Perturbation of diacyl-PCs and plasmenylcholines may be associated with enhanced membrane flexibility and anti-oxidative mechanisms in the lungs of tolerant mice. Additionally, alterations of lyso-PCs and SMs may be responsible for pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation in the lungs of injured mice. Moreover, serum PC(16:0/18:1) has potential to reflect naphthalene-induced airway injuries. Few phosphorylcholine-containing lipid alterations were found in the mouse livers and kidneys across different treatments. This study revealed the changes in lipid profiles associated with the perturbations caused by naphthalene tolerance and toxicity; examination of lipids in serum may assist biomarker development with the potential for application in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Hong
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Han Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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152
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Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation by anti-depressants inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1175-1182. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is the rate-limiting enzyme cleaving sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholin. CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells depend on CD28 signaling for their survival and function, a receptor that activates the ASM. Both, basal and CD28-induced ASM activities are higher in Treg cells than in conventional CD4+T (Tconv) cells. In ASM-deficient (Smpd1−/−) as compared to wt mice, membranes of T cells contain 7–10-fold more sphingomyelin and two- to three-fold more ceramide, and are in a state of higher order than membranes of T cells from wt mice, which may facilitate their activation. Indeed, the frequency of Treg cells among CD4+T cells in ASM-deficient mice and their suppressive activityin vitroare increased. Moreover,in vitrostimulation of ASM-deficient T cells in the presence of TGF-β and IL-2 leads to higher numbers of induced Treg cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the ASM with a clinically used tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline in mice or in tissue culture of murine or human T cells induces higher frequencies of Treg cells among CD4+T cells within a few days. This fast alteration of the balance between T cell populationsin vitrois due to the elevated cell death of Tconv cells and protection of the CD25highTreg cells by IL-2. Together, these findings suggest that ASM-inhibiting antidepressants, including a fraction of the serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are moderately immunosuppressive and should be considered for the therapy of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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153
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Alissafi T, Hatzioannou A, Mintzas K, Barouni RM, Banos A, Sormendi S, Polyzos A, Xilouri M, Wielockx B, Gogas H, Verginis P. Autophagy orchestrates the regulatory program of tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3840-3852. [PMID: 29920188 DOI: 10.1172/jci120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) densely accumulate into tumors and potently suppress antitumor immune responses, promoting tumor development. Targeting MDSCs in tumor immunotherapy has been hampered by lack of understanding of the molecular pathways that govern MDSC differentiation and function. Herein, we identify autophagy as a crucial pathway for MDSC-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity. Specifically, MDSCs in patients with melanoma and mouse melanoma exhibited increased levels of functional autophagy. Ablation of autophagy in myeloid cells markedly delayed tumor growth and endowed antitumor immune responses. Notably, tumor-infiltrating autophagy-deficient monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) demonstrated impaired suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, whereas transcriptome analysis revealed substantial differences in genes related to lysosomal function. Accordingly, autophagy-deficient M-MDSCs exhibited impaired lysosomal degradation, thereby enhancing surface expression of MHC class II molecules, resulting in efficient activation of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. Finally, targeting of the membrane-associated RING-CH1 (MARCH1) E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the lysosomal degradation of MHC II in M-MDSCs attenuated their suppressive function, and resulted in markedly decreased tumor volume followed by development of a robust antitumor immunity. Collectively, these findings depict autophagy as a molecular target of MDSC-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis Alissafi
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Aggelos Banos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sundary Sormendi
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Maria Xilouri
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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154
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Becker KA, Riethmüller J, Seitz AP, Gardner A, Boudreau R, Kamler M, Kleuser B, Schuchman E, Caldwell CC, Edwards MJ, Grassmé H, Brodlie M, Gulbins E. Sphingolipids as targets for inhalation treatment of cystic fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 133:66-75. [PMID: 29698625 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the past several years have demonstrated the important role of sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute lung injury. Ceramide is increased in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages of CF mice and humans, while sphingosine is dramatically decreased. This increase in ceramide results in chronic inflammation, increased death of epithelial cells, release of DNA into the bronchial lumen and thereby an impairment of mucociliary clearance; while the lack of sphingosine in airway epithelial cells causes high infection susceptibility in CF mice and possibly patients. The increase in ceramide mediates an ectopic expression of β1-integrins in the luminal membrane of CF epithelial cells, which results, via an unknown mechanism, in a down-regulation of acid ceramidase. It is predominantly this down-regulation of acid ceramidase that results in the imbalance of ceramide and sphingosine in CF cells. Correction of ceramide and sphingosine levels can be achieved by inhalation of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors, recombinant acid ceramidase or by normalization of β1-integrin expression and subsequent re-expression of endogenous acid ceramidase. These treatments correct pulmonary inflammation and prevent or treat, respectively, acute and chronic pulmonary infections in CF mice with Staphylococcus aureus and mucoid or non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhalation of sphingosine corrects sphingosine levels only and seems to mainly act against the infection. Many antidepressants are functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase and were designed for systemic treatment of major depression. These drugs could be repurposed to treat CF by inhalation.
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155
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Karandashova S, Kummarapurugu A, Zheng S, Kang L, Sun S, Rubin BK, Voynow JA. Neutrophil elastase correlates with increased sphingolipid content in cystic fibrosis sputum. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:872-880. [PMID: 29624923 PMCID: PMC6566867 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sphingolipids are associated with the regulation of pulmonary inflammation. Although sphingolipids have been investigated in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF), the focus has been on loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in mice, and in CF human lung epithelial cell lines. The sphingolipid content of CF sputum and the potential link between ceramide and airway inflammation in CF remain relatively unexplored. METHODS Fifteen patients with CF provided two spontaneously expectorated sputum samples, one collected during a hospitalization for an acute pulmonary exacerbation and one from an outpatient visit at a time of clinical stability. Sputum was processed, and the supernatant assessed for active neutrophil elastase (NE) using a chromogenic microplate assay and sphingolipid content using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Relevant demographic data including age, sex, CF genotype, FEV1 % predicted, and sputum bacteriology were assessed as possible modifying factors that could influence the correlation between NE and sputum sphingolipids. Data were analyzed for linear correlation, with statistical significance pre-defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS There was a significant association between the concentration of active NE and ceramide, sphingomyelin, and monohexosylceramide moieties as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate. The presence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), FEV1 % predicted, and female gender further strengthened the association of NE and sphingolipids, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no effect on the association between NE and sphingolipids. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NE may increase pro-inflammatory sphingolipid signaling, and the association is strengthened in female patients and patients with MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Karandashova
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia
| | - Apparao Kummarapurugu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, VCU, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, VCU, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia
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156
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Chen JY, Ren Y, Yan P, Belina ME, Chung RT, Butt AA. Tricyclic antidepressant use and the risk of fibrosis progression in hepatitis C-infected persons: Results from ERCHIVES. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:825-833. [PMID: 29478294 PMCID: PMC6019114 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have suggested an antifibrotic role for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). Using the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV) Infected Veterans, we aimed to evaluate the impact of TCA use on fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among HCV-infected persons. Subjects were categorized according to use of TCAs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or no antidepressants. TCAs or selective serotonin uptake inhibitors use was defined according to cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD), and categories were mutually exclusive. Subjects with HIV coinfection, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positivity, cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Outcomes were liver fibrosis progression measured by APRI scores and incident HCC. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression to determine predictors of cirrhosis, defined as APRI > 2, and incident hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC). Among 128 201 eligible HCV+ persons, 4% received TCAs, 43% received selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, and 53% received no antidepressants. Fewer TCAs users had drug abuse (34% and 43%) and alcohol abuse (32% vs 42%) compared to selective serotonin uptake inhibitor users. After adjusting for age, baseline APRI score, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, drug abuse and HCV RNA levels, TCAs use was associated with decreased risk of cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.99) and delayed time to development of cirrhosis, but not with decreased iHCC. In conclusion among a large cohort of HCV-positive Veterans, TCAs use was associated with decreased fibrosis progression and lower risk of developing cirrhosis. These data provide supportive evidence for the beneficial effects of TCAs on progression of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California USA,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Yanjie Ren
- Veterans Research Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Peng Yan
- Veterans Research Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Morgan E. Belina
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Adeel A. Butt
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA USA,Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar and New York, NY USA,Hamad Healthcare Quality Institute and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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157
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Xia K, Kong H, Cui Y, Ren N, Li Q, Ma J, Cui R, Zhang Y, Shi J, Li Q, Lv M, Sun Y, Wang L, Li J, Zhu Y. Systematic Study in Mammalian Cells Showing No Adverse Response to Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15442-15448. [PMID: 29668248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of DNA technology has demonstrated great potential in a wide range of applications, especially in the field of biology and biomedicine. However, current understanding of the toxicological effects and cellular responses of DNA nanostructures remains to be improved. Here, we chose tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs), a type of nanocarriers for delivering molecular drugs, as a model for systematic live-cell analysis of the biocompatibility of TDNs to normal bronchial epithelial cells, carcinoma cells, and macrophage. We found that the interaction behaviors of TDNs in different cell lines were very different, whereas after internalization, most of the TDNs in diverse cell lines were positioned to lysosomes. By a systematic assessment of cell responses after TDN exposure to various cells, we demonstrate that internalized TDNs have good innate biocompatibility. Interestingly, we found that TDN-bearing cells would not affect the cell cycle progression and accompany cell division and that TDNs were separated equally into two daughter cells. This study improves our understanding of the interaction of DNA nanostructures with living systems and their biocompatibility, which will be helpful for further designing DNA nanostructures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | - Yunzhi Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ning Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiye Shi
- UCB Pharma , Slough , SL1 14EN Berkshire , U.K
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158
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Kopp BT, McCulloch S, Shrestha CL, Zhang S, Sarzynski L, Woodley FW, Hayes D. Metabolomic responses to lumacaftor/ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:583-591. [PMID: 29461009 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting disease caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor is a novel CFTR modulator approved for patients that are homozygous for Phe508del CFTR, but its clinical effectiveness varies amongst patients, making it difficult to determine clinical responders. Therefore, identifying biochemical biomarkers associated with drug response are clinically important for follow-up studies. METHODS Serum metabolomics was performed on twenty patients with CF pre- and 6-month post-Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor response via Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). Correlation with clinical variables was performed. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis demonstrated 188 differentially regulated metabolites between patients pre- and post-Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor initiation, with a predominance of lipid and amino acid alterations. The top 30 metabolites were able to differentiate pre- and post-Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor status in greater than 90% of patients via a random-forest confusion matrix. Alterations in bile acids, phospholipids, and bacteria-associated metabolites were the predominant changes associated with drug response. Importantly, changes in metabolic patterns were associated with clinical responders. CONCLUSIONS Selected key lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways were significantly affected by Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor initiation and similar pathways were affected in clinical responders. Targeted metabolomics may provide useful and relevant biomarkers of CFTR modulator responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kopp
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Chandra L Shrestha
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shuzhong Zhang
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lisa Sarzynski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Frederick W Woodley
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, Columbus, Ohio
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159
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Lee SH, Tang CH, Lin WY, Chen KH, Liang HJ, Cheng TJ, Lin CY. LC-MS-based lipidomics to examine acute rat pulmonary responses after nano- and fine-sized ZnO particle inhalation exposure. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:439-452. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1458918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Han Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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160
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Wu Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Crosstalk Between Sphingomyelinases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mycobacterial Infection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:935-948. [PMID: 28276697 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most important infections worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown to be a crucial factor in internalizing and killing various pathogens, modulates both the proinflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. However, studies about the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage. Recent Advances: Recent studies elucidated several roles of sphingomyelinases in manipulating mycobacterial infections. On the one hand, acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) promotes the fusion of bacteria-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, whereas on the other hand, Asm-derived ceramide induces cell death. Neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) enhances the release of reactive oxygen species, which suppress autophagy in infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo, allowing the pathogen to survive within macrophages. These findings indicate that the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in the attack of mycobacteria against the host. Critical Issues: Autophagy is a main strategy of mycobacterial clearance in TB, but the relevant mechanisms are still unknown. Additionally, there are indications that both Asm and Nsm are crucially involved in the formation of granulomas, which are a hallmark and a special structure of TB. However, very few findings have yet been published. Future Directions: Additional studies of the Nsm/ceramide system, which contributes to the resistance or susceptibility, respectively, of the host to mycobacterial infections, will detect currently unknown molecular mechanisms. Because inhibitors of Nsm already exist, targeting Nsm may be a novel approach to developing treatment options for mycobacterial infections. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 935-948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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161
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Yang K, Nong K, Gu Q, Dong J, Wang J. Discovery of N-hydroxy-3-alkoxybenzamides as direct acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors using a ligand-based pharmacophore model. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:389-400. [PMID: 29649738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been shown to be involved in many physiological processes, emerging to be a promising drug target. In this study, we constructed a ligand-based pharmacophore model of ASM inhibitors and applied this model to optimize the lead compound α-mangostin, a known inhibitor of ASM. 23 compounds were designed and evaluated in vitro for ASM inhibition, of these, 10 compounds were found to be more potent than α-mangostin. This high hit ratio confirmed that the presented model is very effective and practical. The most potent hit, 1c, was found to selectively and competitively inhibit the enzyme and inhibit the generation of ceramide in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 1c showed favorable anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activity. Interactions with key residues and the Zn2+ cofactor of 1c were found by docking simulation. These results provide promising leads and important guidance for further development of efficient ASM inhibitors and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Keyi Nong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinlan Gu
- Senior Vocational School, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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162
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Chiricozzi E, Loberto N, Schiumarini D, Samarani M, Mancini G, Tamanini A, Lippi G, Dechecchi MC, Bassi R, Giussani P, Aureli M. Sphingolipids role in the regulation of inflammatory response: From leukocyte biology to bacterial infection. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:445-456. [PMID: 29345379 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0717-269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are amphiphilic molecules mainly associated with the external leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membrane, and are structural membrane components with key signaling properties. Since the beginning of the last century, a large number of papers described the involvement of these molecules in several aspects of cell physiology and pathology. Several lines of evidence support the critical role of SLs in inflammatory diseases, by acting as anti- or pro-inflammatory mediators. They are involved in control of leukocyte activation and migration, and are recognized as essential players in host response to pathogenic infection. We propose here a critical overview of current knowledge on involvement of different classes of SLs in inflammation, focusing on the role of simple and complex SLs in pathogen-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiricozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domitilla Schiumarini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Samarani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mancini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratorio di Patologia Molecolare-Laboratorio Analisi, Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Sezione di Biochimica Clinica, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Molecolare-Laboratorio Analisi, Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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163
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Abiraterone and Ionizing Radiation Alter the Sphingolipid Homeostasis in Prostate Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:293-307. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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164
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Becker KA, Fahsel B, Kemper H, Mayeres J, Li C, Wilker B, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Sehl C, Kohnen M, Edwards MJ, Grassmé H, Caldwell CC, Seitz A, Fraunholz M, Gulbins E. Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Disrupts Endothelial-Cell Tight Junctions via Acid Sphingomyelinase and Ceramide. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00606-17. [PMID: 29084896 PMCID: PMC5736828 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00606-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are among the most common and severe infections, garnering notoriety in an era of increasing resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore important to define molecular mechanisms by which this pathogen attacks host cells. Here, we demonstrate that alpha-toxin, one of the major toxins of S. aureus, induces activation of acid sphingomyelinase and concomitant release of ceramide in endothelial cells treated with the toxin. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase by alpha-toxin is mediated via ADAM10. Infection experiments employing alpha-toxin-deficient S. aureus and the corresponding wild-type strain reveal that activation of acid sphingomyelinase in endothelial cells requires alpha-toxin expression by the pathogen. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase is linked to degradation of tight junctions in endothelial cells in vitro, which is blocked by pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase. Most importantly, alpha-toxin induces severe degradation of tight junctions in the lung and causes lung edema in vivo, which is prevented by genetic deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase. These data indicate a novel and important role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system for the endothelial response to toxins and provide a molecular link between alpha-toxin and the degradation of tight junctions. The data also suggest that inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase may provide a novel treatment option to prevent lung edema caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cao Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Charles C Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Seitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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165
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Teillaud JL, Regard L, Martin C, Sibéril S, Burgel PR. Exploring the Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Using a Mouse Model of Bacteria-Infected Lungs. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1845:223-239. [PMID: 30141016 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models can be helpful tools for deciphering the generation, maintenance, and role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) during infections or tumor development. We describe here the establishment of a persistent lung infection in immune-competent mice by intratracheal instillation of agarose beads containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. After instillation, animals develop a chronic pulmonary infection, marked by the presence of TLS. This experimental setting allows the study of the function of TLS induced by bacteria encountered in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are the two main bacterial strains that infect bronchi of adult CF patients. Additionally, we describe also how to manipulate the immune response in these infected animals by targeting immune cells involved in TLS function. Overall, this approach makes it possible to explore the role of chronic inflammation in the induction and maintenance of TLS in infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory "Cancer, immune Control and Escape", Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Paris Cedex 06, France. .,Cordeliers Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Paris, France. .,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
| | - Lucile Regard
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES EA 2511, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Martin
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES EA 2511, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory "Cancer, immune Control and Escape", Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Paris Cedex 06, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES EA 2511, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
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166
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Riquelme SA, Hopkins BD, Wolfe AL, DiMango E, Kitur K, Parsons R, Prince A. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Attaches Tumor Suppressor PTEN to the Membrane and Promotes Anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa Immunity. Immunity 2017; 47:1169-1181.e7. [PMID: 29246444 PMCID: PMC5738266 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN controls cell proliferation by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activity, but the participation of PTEN in host defense against bacterial infection is less well understood. Anti-inflammatory PI3K-Akt signaling is suppressed in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease characterized by hyper-inflammatory responses to airway infection. We found that Ptenl-/- mice, which lack the NH2-amino terminal splice variant of PTEN, were unable to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the airways and could not generate sufficient anti-inflammatory PI3K activity, similar to what is observed in CF. PTEN and the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) interacted directly and this interaction was necessary to position PTEN at the membrane. CF patients under corrector-potentiator therapy, which enhances CFTR transport to the membrane, have increased PTEN amounts. These findings suggest that improved CFTR trafficking could enhance P. aeruginosa clearance from the CF airway by activating PTEN-mediated anti-bacterial responses and might represent a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew L Wolfe
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kipyegon Kitur
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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167
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Yan F, Wen Z, Wang R, Luo W, Du Y, Wang W, Chen X. Identification of the lipid biomarkers from plasma in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by Lipidomics. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:174. [PMID: 29212488 PMCID: PMC5719761 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease featured by high mortality, chronic and progressive course, and poor prognosis with unclear etiology. Currently, more studies have been focusing on identifying biomarkers to predict the progression of IPF, such as genes, proteins, and lipids. Lipids comprise diverse classes of molecules and play a critical role in cellular energy storage, structure, and signaling. The role of lipids in respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been investigated intensely in the recent years. The human serum lipid profiles in IPF patients however, have not been thoroughly understood and it will be very helpful if there are available molecular biomarkers, which can be used to monitor the disease progression or provide prognostic information for IPF disease. Methods In this study, we performed the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to detect the lipid variation and identify biomarker in plasma of IPF patients. The plasma were from 22 IPF patients before received treatment and 18 controls. Results A total of 507 individual blood lipid species were determined with lipidomics from the 40 plasma samples including 20 types of fatty acid, 159 types of glycerolipids, 221 types of glycerophospholipids, 47 types of sphingolipids, 46 types of sterol lipids, 7 types of prenol lipids, 3 types of saccharolipids, and 4 types of polyketides. By comparing the variations in the lipid metabolite levels in IPF patients, a total of 62 unique lipids were identified by statistical analysis including 24 kinds of glycerophoslipids, 30 kinds of glycerolipids, 3 kinds of sterol lipids, 4 kinds of sphingolipids and 1 kind of fatty acids. Finally, 6 out of 62 discriminating lipids were selected as the potential biomarkers, which are able to differentiate between IPF disease and controls with ROC analysis. Conclusions Our results provided vital information regarding lipid metabolism in IPF patients and more importantly, a few potentially promising biomarkers were firstly identified which may have a predictive role in monitoring and diagnosing IPF disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0513-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China.
| | - Zhensong Wen
- Division of Research and Education, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The LongFu hospital of Beijing, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Wenling Luo
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, ShanXi, 030001, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Company, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianyang Chen
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Company, Beijing, 100193, China
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168
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Evidence for the Involvement of Lipid Rafts and Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Hydrolases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1730245. [PMID: 29333001 PMCID: PMC5733190 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1730245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal genetic recessive disease caused by mutations of gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Patients with CF display a wide spectrum of symptoms, the most severe being chronic lung infection and inflammation, which lead to onset of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Several studies indicate that sphingolipids play a regulatory role in airway inflammation. The inhibition and downregulation of GBA2, the enzyme catabolizing glucosylceramide to ceramide, are associated with a significant reduction of IL-8 production in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that GBA2 plays a role in the proinflammatory state characterizing CF cells. We also report for the first time that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes a recruitment of plasma membrane-associated glycosphingolipid hydrolases into lipid rafts of CuFi-1-infected cells. This reorganization of cell membrane may be responsible for activation of a signaling cascade, culminating in aberrant inflammatory response in CF bronchial epithelial cells upon bacterial infection. Taken together, the presented data further support the role of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in controlling the inflammatory response in CF.
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169
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Xiao S, Li R, El Zowalaty AE, Diao H, Zhao F, Choi Y, Ye X. Acidification of uterine epithelium during embryo implantation in mice. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:232-243. [PMID: 28395338 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is essential for establishing uterine receptivity. Previous microarray analysis revealed upregulation of Atp6v0d2 in gestation day 4.5 (D4.5) LE in mice. Realtime PCR showed upregulation of uterine Atp6v0d2 starting right before embryo attachment ∼D4.0. In situ hybridization demonstrated specific uterine localization of Atp6v0d2 in LE upon embryo implantation. Atp6v0d2 encodes one subunit for vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), which regulates acidity of intracellular organelles and extracellular environment. LysoSensor Green DND-189 detected acidic signals in LE and glandular epithelium upon embryo implantation, correlating with Atp6v0d2 upregulation in early pregnant uterus. Atp6v0d2-/- females had significantly reduced implantation rate and marginally reduced delivery rate from first mating only, but comparable number of implantation sites and litter size compared to control and comparable fertility to control from subsequent matings, suggesting a nonessential role of Atp6v0d2 subunit in embryo implantation. Successful implantation in both control and Atp6v0d2-/- females was associated with uterine epithelial acidification. No significant compensatory upregulation of Atp6v0d1 mRNA was detected in D4.5 Atp6v0d2-/- uteri. To determine the role of V-ATPase instead of a single subunit in embryo implantation, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (2.5 μg/kg) was injected via uterine fat pad on D3 18:00 h. This treatment resulted in reduced uterine epithelial acidification, delayed implantation, and reduced number of implantation sites. It also suppressed oil-induced artificial decidualization. These data demonstrate uterine epithelial acidification as a novel phenomenon during embryo implantation and V-ATPase is involved in uterine epithelial acidification and uterine preparation for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Honglu Diao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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170
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Rice TC, Pugh AM, Seitz AP, Gulbins E, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC. Sphingosine rescues aged mice from pulmonary pseudomonas infection. J Surg Res 2017; 219:354-359. [PMID: 29078905 PMCID: PMC5663241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial lung infection is a leading cause of death for those 65 y or older, often requiring intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation, which consumes considerable health care resources. Although administration of antibiotics is the standard of care for bacterial pneumonia, its overuse has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms. Therefore, alternative strategies to help minimize the effects of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly are necessary. As studies have shown that sphingosine (SPH) has inherent bacterial killing properties, our goal was to assess whether it could act as a prophylactic treatment to protect aged mice from pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Aged (51 wk) and young (8 wk) C57Bl/6 mice were used in this study. Pulmonary SPH levels were determined by histology. SPH content of microparticles was quantified using a SPH kinase assay. Pneumonia was induced by intranasally treating mice with 106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) P aeruginosa. Microparticles were isolated from young mice, whereas some were further incubated with SPH. RESULTS We observed that SPH levels are reduced in the bronchial epithelial cells as well as the bronchoalveolar lavage microparticles isolated from aged mice, which correlates with a susceptibility to infection. We demonstrate that SPH or microparticle treatment can protect aged mice from pulmonary P aeruginosa infection. Finally, we observed that enriching microparticles with SPH before treatment eliminated the bacterial load in P aeruginosa-infected aged mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prophylactic treatment with SPH could reduce lung bacterial infections for the at-risk elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Rice
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amanda M Pugh
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron P Seitz
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nomellini
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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171
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Biological safety and tissue distribution of (16-mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide-modified cationic gold nanorods. Biomaterials 2017; 154:275-290. [PMID: 29149721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The exceptionally high cellular uptake of gold nanorods (GNRs) bearing cationic surfactants makes them a promising tool for biomedical applications. Given the known specific toxic and stress effects of some preparations of cationic nanoparticles, the purpose of this study was to evaluate, in an in vitro and in vivo in mouse, the potential harmful effects of GNRs coated with (16-mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (MTABGNRs). Interestingly, even after cellular accumulation of high amounts of MTABGNRs sufficient for induction of photothermal effect, no genotoxicity (even after longer-term accumulation), induction of autophagy, destabilization of lysosomes (dominant organelles of their cellular destination), alterations of actin cytoskeleton, or in cell migration could be detected in vitro. In vivo, after intravenous administration, the majority of GNRs accumulated in mouse spleen followed by lungs and liver. Microscopic examination of the blood and spleen showed that GNRs interacted with white blood cells (mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and thrombocytes, and were delivered to the spleen red pulp mainly as GNR-thrombocyte complexes. Importantly, no acute toxic effects of MTABGNRs administered as 10 or 50 μg of gold per mice, as well as no pathological changes after their high accumulation in the spleen were observed, indicating good tolerance of MTABGNRs by living systems.
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172
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Karandashova S, Kummarapurugu AB, Zheng S, Chalfant CE, Voynow JA. Neutrophil elastase increases airway ceramide levels via upregulation of serine palmitoyltransferase. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L206-L214. [PMID: 29025713 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered sphingolipid metabolism is associated with increased inflammation; however, the impact of inflammatory mediators, including neutrophil elastase (NE), on airway sphingolipid homeostasis remains unknown. Using a well-characterized mouse model of NE oropharyngeal aspiration, we investigated a potential link between NE-induced airway inflammation and increased synthesis of various classes of sphingolipids, including ceramide species. Sphingolipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL) were identified and quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis. BAL total and differential cell counts, CXCL1/keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) protein levels, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein levels were determined. NE exposure increased BAL long-chain ceramides, total cell and neutrophil counts, and upregulated KC and HMGB1. The mRNA and protein levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) long-chain subunits 1 and 2, the multimeric enzyme responsible for the first, rate-limiting step of de novo ceramide generation, were determined by qRT-PCR and Western analyses, respectively. NE increased lung SPT long-chain subunit 2 (SPTLC2) protein levels but not SPTLC1 and had no effect on mRNA for either subunit. To assess whether de novo ceramide synthesis was required for NE-induced inflammation, myriocin, a SPT inhibitor, or a vehicle control was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before NE administration. Myriocin decreased BAL d18:1/22:0 and d18:1/24:1 ceramide, KC, and HMGB1 induced by NE exposure. These results support a feed-forward cycle of NE-generated ceramide and ceramide-driven cytokine signaling that may be a potential target for intervention in lung disease typified by chronic neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Karandashova
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Apparao B Kummarapurugu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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173
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for many aspects of cellular homeostasis, including energy harvesting through oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of mitochondrial function not only impact on cellular metabolism but also critically influence whole-body metabolism, health, and life span. Diseases defined by mitochondrial dysfunction have expanded from rare monogenic disorders in a strict sense to now also include many common polygenic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular diseases. This has led to an intensive search for new therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at invigorating mitochondrial function by exploiting key components of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox metabolism, dynamics, mitophagy, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. As such, new findings linking mitochondrial function to the progression or outcome of this ever-increasing list of diseases has stimulated the discovery and development of the first true mitochondrial drugs, which are now entering the clinic and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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174
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White MM, Geraghty P, Hayes E, Cox S, Leitch W, Alfawaz B, Lavelle GM, McElvaney OJ, Flannery R, Keenan J, Meleady P, Henry M, Clynes M, Gunaratnam C, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. Neutrophil Membrane Cholesterol Content is a Key Factor in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 23:173-184. [PMID: 28835336 PMCID: PMC5605378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of mechanisms promoting neutrophil trafficking to the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenge for next generation therapeutics. Cholesterol, a structural component of neutrophil plasma membranes influences cell adhesion, a key step in transmigration. The effect of chronic inflammation on neutrophil membrane cholesterol content in patients with CF (PWCF) remains unclear. To address this we examined neutrophils of PWCF to evaluate the cause and consequence of altered membrane cholesterol and identified the effects of lung transplantation and ion channel potentiator therapy on the cellular mechanisms responsible for perturbed membrane cholesterol and increased cell adhesion. Methodology PWCF homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation or heterozygous for the G551D mutation were recruited (n = 48). Membrane protein expression was investigated by mass spectrometry. The effect of lung transplantation or ivacaftor therapy was assessed by ELISAs, and calcium fluorometric and μ-calpain assays. Findings Membranes of CF neutrophils contain less cholesterol, yet increased integrin CD11b expression, and respond to inflammatory induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating μ-calpain. In vivo and in vitro, increased μ-calpain activity resulted in proteolysis of the membrane cholesterol trafficking protein caveolin-1. The critical role of caveolin-1 for adequate membrane cholesterol content was confirmed in caveolin-1 knock-out mice. Lung transplant therapy or treatment of PWCF with ivacaftor, reduced levels of circulating inflammatory mediators and actuated increased caveolin-1 and membrane cholesterol, with concurrent normalized neutrophil adhesion. Interpretation Results demonstrate an auxiliary benefit of lung transplant and potentiator therapy, evident by a reduction in circulating inflammation and controlled neutrophil adhesion. This study explored neutrophil adhesion in cystic fibrosis. Altered membrane cholesterol lead to increased adhesion. Circulating inflammatory mediators caused increased calpain activity and reduced membrane cholesterol content.
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic inflammation in the circulation, in part originating from the pulmonary compartment, leads to decreased membrane cholesterol in circulating neutrophils, resulting in increased cell adhesion. The mechanism of action involves proteolytic down-regulation of the cholesterol trafficking protein caveolin-1. The overall effect of lung transplant therapy, or CFTR potentiator treatment, was to significantly diminish the circulating inflammatory burden thereby permitting caveolin-1 expression, with concomitant decreased CF cell adhesion and significant clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M White
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Hayes
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen Cox
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - William Leitch
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Bader Alfawaz
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gillian M Lavelle
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ryan Flannery
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Coláiste Dhúlaigh College of Further Education, Dublin 17, Ireland
| | - Joanne Keenan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cedric Gunaratnam
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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175
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Zhang H, Li J, Li L, Liu P, Wei Y, Qian Z. Ceramide enhances COX-2 expression and VSMC contractile hyperreactivity via ER stress signal activation. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:26-32. [PMID: 28797762 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide accumulation in blood vessels has been attributed to vascular dysfunction in progressive vascular complications in metabolic diseases. The present study showed that ceramide pretreatment promoted PE-induced vasoconstriction in rat endothelium-denuded vascular rings in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitors, 4-PBA and TUDCA, COX-2 inhibitors, Celecoxib and NS398, as well as PGE2 receptor antagonist AH-6809 attenuated ceramide-promoted vascular hyperreactivity. Ceramide promoted the transcriptional and translational expression of COX-2 and BiP in VSMCs, which were blocked by the ER stress inhibitors, 4-PBA and TUDCA. These findings show that ceramide enhances PE-induced vascular smooth muscle constriction by mediation of the ER stress/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Therapeutic strategies targeted to reducing ER stress and COX-2 activation might be beneficial in attenuating vascular complications. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS C2-Ceramide (N-acetyl-d-erythro-sphingosine) CID:2662 Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Sodium (TUDCA) CID:9848818 phenylephrine (PE) CID:6041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Juanfen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Linghai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjie Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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176
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Garić D, De Sanctis JB, Wojewodka G, Houle D, Cupri S, Abu-Arish A, Hanrahan JW, Hajduch M, Matouk E, Radzioch D. Fenretinide differentially modulates the levels of long- and very long-chain ceramides by downregulating Cers5 enzyme: evidence from bench to bedside. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1053-1064. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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177
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Grassmé H, Henry B, Ziobro R, Becker KA, Riethmüller J, Gardner A, Seitz AP, Steinmann J, Lang S, Ward C, Schuchman EH, Caldwell CC, Kamler M, Edwards MJ, Brodlie M, Gulbins E. β1-Integrin Accumulates in Cystic Fibrosis Luminal Airway Epithelial Membranes and Decreases Sphingosine, Promoting Bacterial Infections. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:707-718.e8. [PMID: 28552668 PMCID: PMC5475347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary colonization with bacterial pathogens, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We observed that β1-integrins accumulate on the luminal membrane of upper-airway epithelial cells from mice and humans with CF. β1-integrin accumulation is due to increased ceramide and the formation of ceramide platforms that trap β1-integrins on the luminal pole of bronchial epithelial cells. β1-integrins downregulate acid ceramidase expression, resulting in further accumulation of ceramide and consequent reduction of surface sphingosine, a lipid that kills bacteria. Interrupting this vicious cycle by triggering surface β1-integrin internalization via anti-β1-integrin antibodies or the RGD peptide ligand-or by genetic or pharmacological correction of ceramide levels-normalizes β1-integrin distribution and sphingosine levels in CF epithelial cells and prevents P. aeruginosa infection in CF mice. These findings suggest a therapeutic avenue to ameliorate CF-associated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Brian Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Regan Ziobro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Riethmüller
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, Children's Clinic, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Gardner
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, c/o Level 3, Clinical Resource Building, Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Aaron P Seitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, c/o Level 3, Clinical Resource Building, Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Markus Kamler
- West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, c/o Level 3, Clinical Resource Building, Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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178
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Stauffer BB, Cui G, Cottrill KA, Infield DT, McCarty NA. Bacterial Sphingomyelinase is a State-Dependent Inhibitor of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2931. [PMID: 28592822 PMCID: PMC5462758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelinase C (SMase) inhibits CFTR chloride channel activity in multiple cell systems, an effect that could exacerbate disease in CF and COPD patients. The mechanism by which sphingomyelin catalysis inhibits CFTR is not known but evidence suggests that it occurs independently of CFTR's regulatory "R" domain. In this study we utilized the Xenopus oocyte expression system to shed light on how CFTR channel activity is reduced by SMase. We found that the pathway leading to inhibition is not membrane delimited and that inhibited CFTR channels remain at the cell membrane, indicative of a novel silencing mechanism. Consistent with an effect on CFTR gating behavior, we found that altering gating kinetics influenced the sensitivity to inhibition by SMase. Specifically, increasing channel activity by introducing the mutation K1250A or pretreating with the CFTR potentiator VX-770 (Ivacaftor) imparted resistance to inhibition. In primary bronchial epithelial cells, we found that basolateral, but not apical, application of SMase leads to a redistribution of sphingomyelin and a reduction in forskolin- and VX-770-stimulated currents. Taken together, these data suggest that SMase inhibits CFTR channel function by locking channels into a closed state and that endogenous CFTR in HBEs is affected by SMase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Stauffer
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology program, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 20322, USA
| | - G Cui
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - K A Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology program, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 20322, USA
| | - D T Infield
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - N A McCarty
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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179
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Chami M, Halmer R, Schnoeder L, Anne Becker K, Meier C, Fassbender K, Gulbins E, Walter S. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency enhances myelin repair after acute and chronic demyelination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178622. [PMID: 28582448 PMCID: PMC5459450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone animal model, also known as the toxic demyelination model, is a well-reproducible model of demyelination- and remyelination in mice, and has been useful in studying important aspect of human demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. In this study, we investigated the role of acid sphingomyelinase in demyelination and myelin repair by inducing acute and chronic demyelination with 5- or 12-week cuprizone treatment, followed by a 2-week cuprizone withdrawal phase to allow myelin repair. Sphingolipids, in particular ceramide and the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase, which generates ceramide from sphingomyelin, seem to be involved in astrocyte activation and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis. We used immunohistochemistry to study glial reaction and oligodendrocyte distribution in acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice and wild-type C57BL/6J littermates at various time intervals after demyelination and remyelination. Axonal injury was quantified using amyloid precursor protein and synaptophysin, and gene expression and protein levels were measured using gene analysis and Western blotting, respectively. Our results show that mice lacking acid sphingomyelinase had a significant increase in myelin recovery and a significantly higher oligodendrocyte cell count after 2 weeks remyelination compared to wild-type littermates. Detrimental astroglial distribution was also significantly reduced in acid sphingomyelinase deficient animals. We obtained similar results in experiments using amitriptyline to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase. These findings suggest that acid sphingomyelinase plays a significant role in myelin repair, and its inhibition by amitriptyline may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Chami
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramona Halmer
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schnoeder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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180
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Sofi MH, Heinrichs J, Dany M, Nguyen H, Dai M, Bastian D, Schutt S, Wu Y, Daenthanasanmak A, Gencer S, Zivkovic A, Szulc Z, Stark H, Liu C, Chang YJ, Ogretmen B, Yu XZ. Ceramide synthesis regulates T cell activity and GVHD development. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91701. [PMID: 28515365 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapy for a variety of hematologic malignances, yet its efficacy is impeded by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD is characterized by activation, expansion, cytokine production, and migration of alloreactive donor T cells. Hence, strategies to limit GVHD are highly desirable. Ceramides are known to contribute to inflammation and autoimmunity. However, their involvement in T-cell responses to alloantigens is undefined. In the current study, we specifically characterized the role of ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) after allo-HCT using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. We found that CerS6 was required for optimal T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in response to alloantigen and for subsequent induction of GVHD. However, CerS6 was partially dispensable for the T cell-mediated antileukemia effect. At the molecular level, CerS6 was required for efficient TCR signal transduction, including tyrosine phosphorylation, ZAP-70 activation, and PKCθ/TCR colocalization. Impaired generation of C16-ceramide was responsible for diminished allogeneic T cell responses. Furthermore, targeting CerS6 using a specific inhibitor significantly reduced T cell activation in mouse and human T cells in vitro. Our study provides a rationale for targeting CerS6 to control GVHD, which would enhance the efficacy of allo-HCT as an immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Dany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Salih Gencer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zdzislaw Szulc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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181
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Caretti A, Vasso M, Bonezzi FT, Gallina A, Trinchera M, Rossi A, Adami R, Casas J, Falleni M, Tosi D, Bragonzi A, Ghidoni R, Gelfi C, Signorelli P. Myriocin treatment of CF lung infection and inflammation: complex analyses for enigmatic lipids. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:775-790. [PMID: 28439630 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to use quantitative and qualitative analyses to gain further insight into the role of ceramide in cystic fibrosis (CF). Sphingolipid ceramide is a known inflammatory mediator, and its accumulation in inflamed lung has been reported in different types of emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF. CF is caused by a mutation of the chloride channel and associated with hyperinflammation of the respiratory airways and high susceptibility to ongoing infections. We have previously demonstrated that de novo ceramide synthesis is enhanced in lung inflammation and sustains Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in a CF murine model. We used liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging coupled with mass spectrometry, confocal laser scan microscopy and histology analyses to reveal otherwise undecipherable information. We demonstrated that (i) upregulated ceramide synthesis in the alveoli is strictly related to alveolar infection and inflammation, (ii) alveolar ceramide (C16) can be specifically targeted by nanocarrier delivery of the ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin (Myr) and (iii) Myr is able to downmodulate pro-inflammatory lyso-PC, favouring an increase in anti-inflammatory PCs. We concluded that Myr modulates alveolar lipids milieu, reducing hyperinflammation and favouring anti-microbial effective response in CF mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Lita Institute, Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Tecla Bonezzi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine Clinical and Experimental, University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Adami
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Catalan Institute of Advanced Chemistry (IQAC/CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Falleni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Lita Institute, Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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182
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Staphylococcus aureus Survives in Cystic Fibrosis Macrophages, Forming a Reservoir for Chronic Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00883-16. [PMID: 28289144 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00883-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role in sepsis, pneumonia, wound infections, and cystic fibrosis (CF), which is caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr). Pulmonary S. aureus infections in CF often occur very early and prior to colonization with other pathogens, in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa Here, we demonstrate that CF mice are highly susceptible to pulmonary infections with S. aureus and fail to clear the pathogen during infection. S. aureus is internalized by Cftr-deficient macrophages in the lung, but these macrophages are unable to kill intracellular bacteria. This failure might be caused by a defect in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, while this process occurs rapidly in wild-type macrophages and serves to kill intracellular pathogens. Transplantation of infected Cftr-deficient alveolar macrophages into the lungs of noninfected CF mice is sufficient to induce pneumonia. This suggests that intracellular survival of S. aureus in macrophages may allow the pathogen to chronically infect CF lungs.
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183
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Giles C, Takechi R, Mellett NA, Meikle PJ, Dhaliwal S, Mamo JC. Differential regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in plasma, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of mice administered sphingolipid modulating agents. J Neurochem 2017; 141:413-422. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Giles
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Natalie A. Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Satvinder Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
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184
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Duchesneau P, Besla R, Derouet MF, Guo L, Karoubi G, Silberberg A, Wong AP, Waddell TK. Partial Restoration of CFTR Function in cftr-Null Mice following Targeted Cell Replacement Therapy. Mol Ther 2017; 25:654-665. [PMID: 28187947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Alteration in CFTR leads to thick airway mucus and bacterial infection. Cell therapy has been proposed for CFTR restoration, but efficacy has been limited by low engraftment levels. In our previous studies, we have shown that using a pre-conditioning regimen in combination with optimization of cell number and time of delivery, we could obtain greater bone marrow cell (BMC) retention in the lung. Here, we found that optimized delivery of wild-type (WT) BMC contributed to apical CFTR expression in airway epithelium and restoration of select ceramide species and fatty acids in CFTR-/- mice. Importantly, WT BMC delivery delayed Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection and increased survival of CFTR-/- recipients. Only WT BMCs had a beneficial effect beyond 6 months, suggesting a dual mechanism of BMC benefit: a non-specific effect early after cell delivery, possibly due to the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, and a late beneficial effect dependent on long-term CFTR expression. Taken together, our results suggest that BMC can improve overall lung function and may have potential therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Duchesneau
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mathieu F Derouet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Li Guo
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Amanda Silberberg
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
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185
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Hector A, Frey N, Hartl D. Update on host-pathogen interactions in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:12. [PMID: 26905568 PMCID: PMC4764602 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal infections are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. In the era of long-term inhaled antibiotics and increasing CF patient survival, new "emerging" pathogens are detected in CF airways, yet their pathophysiological disease relevance remains largely controversial and incompletely defined. As a response to chronic microbial triggers, innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils, are continuously recruited into CF airways where they combat pathogens but also cause tissue injury through release of oxidants and proteases. The coordinated interplay between host immune cell activation and pathogens is essential for the outcome of CF lung disease. Here, we provide a concise overview and update on host-pathogen interactions in CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Frey
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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186
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Saito K, Ueta M, Maekawa K, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Saito Y. Plasma Lipid Profiling of Patients with Chronic Ocular Complications Caused by Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167402. [PMID: 27898730 PMCID: PMC5127552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are drug-induced acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, including the ocular surface. Even after recovery from skin symptoms, some SJS/TEN patients continue to suffer with severe ocular complications (SOCs). Therefore, this study aims to understand the pathophysiology of chronic SOCs. Because plasma lipid profiling has emerged as a useful tool to understand pathophysiological alterations in the body, we performed plasma lipid profiling of 17 patients who suffered from SJS/TEN-associated chronic SOCs. A lipidomics approach yielded 386 lipid molecules and demonstrated that plasma levels of inflammatory oxylipins increased in patients with SJS/TEN-associated chronic SOCs. In addition, oxidized phosphatidylcholines and ether-type diacylglycerols increased in the patients with chronic SOCs, while phosphoglycerolipids decreased. When we compared these lipidomic profiles with those of patients with atopic dermatitis, we found that patients with chronic SOCs, specifically, had decreased levels of ether-type phosphatidylcholines (ePCs) containing arachidonic acid (AA), such as PC(18:0e/20:4) and PC(20:0e/20:4). To confirm our finding, we recruited additional patients, who suffered from SOC associated with SJS/TEN (up to 51 patients), and validated the decreased plasma levels of AA-containing ePCs. Our study provides insight into the alterations of plasma lipidomic profiles in chronic SOCs and into the pathophysiology of SJS/TEN-associated chronic SOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YS)
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YS)
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187
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Role of Cytokine-Induced Glycosylation Changes in Regulating Cell Interactions and Cell Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040043. [PMID: 27916834 PMCID: PMC5187527 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important modifications of proteins and lipids, and cell surface glycoconjugates are thought to play important roles in a variety of biological functions including cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, cell immunogenicity and cell signaling. Alterations of glycosylation are observed in number of diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammation. In that context, pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to modulate cell surface glycosylation by regulating the expression of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of carbohydrate chains. These changes in cell surface glycosylation are also known to regulate cell signaling and could contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the glycosylation changes induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a particular focus on cancer and cystic fibrosis, and their consequences on cell interactions and signaling.
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188
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Espaillat MP, Kew RR, Obeid LM. Sphingolipids in neutrophil function and inflammatory responses: Mechanisms and implications for intestinal immunity and inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:140-155. [PMID: 27866974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids are regulators of immune cell function and play critical roles in inflammatory conditions including ulcerative colitis. As one of the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis pathophysiology is characterized by an aberrant intestinal inflammatory response that persists causing chronic inflammation and tissue injury. Innate immune cells play an integral role in normal intestinal homeostasis but their dysregulation is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. In particular, neutrophils are key effector cells and are first line defenders against invading pathogens. While the activity of neutrophils in the intestinal mucosa is required for homeostasis, regulatory mechanisms are equally important to prevent unnecessary activation. In ulcerative colitis, unregulated neutrophil inflammatory mechanisms promote tissue injury and loss of homeostasis. Aberrant neutrophil function represents an early checkpoint in the detrimental cycle of chronic intestinal inflammation; thus, dissecting the mechanisms by which these cells are regulated both before and during disease is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. We present an analysis of the role of sphingolipids in the regulation of neutrophil function and the implication of this relationship in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Pilar Espaillat
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Richard R Kew
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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189
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The impact of impaired macrophage functions in cystic fibrosis disease progression. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 16:443-453. [PMID: 27856165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is the decline in lung function, which results in part from chronic inflammation. Inflammation and infection occur early in infancy in CF and the role of innate immune defense in CF has been highlighted in the last years. Once thought simply to be consumers of bacteria, macrophages have emerged as highly sensitive immune cells that are located at the balance point between inflammation and resolution of this inflammation in CF pathophysiology. In order to assess the potential role of macrophage in CF, we review the evidence that: (1) CF macrophage has a dysregulated inflammatory phenotype; (2) CF macrophage presents altered phagocytosis capacity and bacterial killing; and (3) lipid disorders in CF macrophage affect its function. These alterations of macrophage weaken innate defense of CF patients and may be involved in CF disease progression and lung damage.
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190
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Aureli M, Schiumarini D, Loberto N, Bassi R, Tamanini A, Mancini G, Tironi M, Munari S, Cabrini G, Dechecchi MC, Sonnino S. Unravelling the role of sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 200:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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191
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Veltman M, Stolarczyk M, Radzioch D, Wojewodka G, De Sanctis JB, Dik WA, Dzyubachyk O, Oravecz T, de Kleer I, Scholte BJ. Correction of lung inflammation in a F508del CFTR murine cystic fibrosis model by the sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitor LX2931. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1000-L1014. [PMID: 27663991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00298.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive lung disease with early onset is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients. Here we report a reduction of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the lung of unchallenged Cftrtm1EUR F508del CFTR mutant mice. This correlates with enhanced infiltration by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Furthermore, the ratio of macrophage-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) to conventional dendritic cells (cDC) is higher in mutant mouse lung, consistent with unprovoked inflammation. Oral application of a S1P lyase inhibitor (LX2931) increases S1P levels in mutant mouse tissues. This normalizes the lung MoDC/cDC ratio and reduces B and T cell counts. Lung granulocytes are enhanced, but iNOS expression is reduced in this population. Although lung LyC6+ monocytes are enhanced by LX2931, they apparently do not differentiate to MoDC and macrophages. After challenge with bacterial toxins (LPS-fMLP) we observe enhanced levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, KC, IFNγ, and IL-12 and the inducible mucin MUC5AC in mutant mouse lung, evidence of deficient resolution of inflammation. LX2931 does not prevent transient inflammation or goblet cell hyperplasia after challenge, but it reduces MUC5AC and proinflammatory cytokine levels toward normal values. We conclude that lung pathology in homozygous mice expressing murine F508del CFTR, which represents the most frequent mutation in CF patients, is characterized by abnormal behavior of infiltrating myeloid cells and delayed resolution of induced inflammation. This phenotype can be partially corrected by a S1P lyase inhibitor, providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting of the S1P signaling pathway in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Veltman
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danuta Radzioch
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriella Wojewodka
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Institute of Immunology, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Willem A Dik
- Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oleh Dzyubachyk
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ismé de Kleer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob J Scholte
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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192
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Lea SR, Metcalfe HJ, Plumb J, Beerli C, Poll C, Singh D, Abbott-Banner KH. Neutral sphingomyelinase-2, acid sphingomyelinase, and ceramide levels in COPD patients compared to controls. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2139-2147. [PMID: 27660431 PMCID: PMC5019168 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s95578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased pulmonary ceramide levels are suggested to play a causative role in lung diseases including COPD. Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase-2) and acid SMase (aSMase), which hydrolyze sphingomyelin to produce ceramide, are activated by a range of cellular stresses, including inflammatory cytokines and pathogens, but notably cigarette smoke appears to only activate nSMase-2. Our primary objective was to investigate nSMase-2 and aSMase protein localization and quantification in lung tissue from nonsmokers (NS), smokers (S), and COPD patients. In addition, various ceramide species (C16, C18, and C20) were measured in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients versus controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing surgical resection for suspected or confirmed lung cancer were recruited, and nSMase-2 and aSMase protein was investigated in different areas of lung tissue (small airways, alveolar walls, subepithelium, and alveolar macrophages) by immunohistochemistry. Ceramide species were measured in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients and controls by mass spectrometry. RESULTS nSMase-2 and aSMase were detected in the majority of small airways. There was a significant increase in nSMase-2 immunoreactivity in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients (54%) compared with NS (31.7%) (P<0.05), and in aSMase immunoreactivity in COPD (68.2%) and S (69.5%) alveolar macrophages compared with NS (52.4%) (P<0.05). aSMase labeling was also increased in the subepithelium and alveolar walls of S compared with NS. Ceramide (C20) was significantly increased in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients compared with controls. CONCLUSION nSMase-2 and aSMase are both increased in COPD alveolar macrophages at the protein level; this may contribute toward the elevated ceramide (C20) detected in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Lea
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Hannah J Metcalfe
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Chris Poll
- Respiratory Diseases, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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193
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Sphingolipids as Mediators in the Crosstalk between Microbiota and Intestinal Cells: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9890141. [PMID: 27656050 PMCID: PMC5021499 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9890141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes different illnesses characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenic mechanisms leading to IBD are poorly understood, immune system disturbances likely underlie its development. Sphingolipids (SLs) have been identified as important players and promising therapeutic targets to control inflammation in IBD. Interestingly, it seems that microorganisms of the normal gut microbiota and probiotics are involved in sphingolipid function. However, there is a great need to investigate the role of SLs as intermediates in the crosstalk between intestinal immunity and microorganisms. This review focuses on recent investigations that describe some mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine profiles by SLs. We also describe the importance of gut microbiota in providing signaling molecules that favor the communication between resident bacteria and intestinal cells. This, in turn, modulates the immune response in the bowel and likely in other peripheral organs. The potential of SLs and gut microbiota as targets or therapeutic agents for IBD is also discussed.
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194
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Quinn RA, Lim YW, Mak TD, Whiteson K, Furlan M, Conrad D, Rohwer F, Dorrestein P. Metabolomics of pulmonary exacerbations reveals the personalized nature of cystic fibrosis disease. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2174. [PMID: 27602256 PMCID: PMC4991883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results in chronic infections of the lungs. CF patients experience intermittent pulmonary exacerbations (CFPE) that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. CFPE involves an increase in disease symptoms requiring more aggressive therapy. Methods. Longitudinal sputum samples were collected from 11 patients (n = 44 samples) to assess the effect of exacerbations on the sputum metabolome using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The data was analyzed with MS/MS molecular networking and multivariate statistics. Results. The individual patient source had a larger influence on the metabolome of sputum than the clinical state (exacerbation, treatment, post-treatment, or stable). Of the 4,369 metabolites detected, 12% were unique to CFPE samples; however, the only known metabolites significantly elevated at exacerbation across the dataset were platelet activating factor (PAF) and a related monacylglycerophosphocholine lipid. Due to the personalized nature of the sputum metabolome, a single patient was followed for 4.2 years (capturing four separate exacerbation events) as a case study for the detection of personalized biomarkers with metabolomics. PAF and related lipids were significantly elevated during CFPEs of this patient and ceramide was elevated during CFPE treatment. Correlating the abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons to metabolomics data from the same samples during a CFPE demonstrated that antibiotics were positively correlated to Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas, while ceramides and other lipids were correlated with Streptococcus, Rothia, and anaerobes. Conclusions. This study identified PAF and other inflammatory lipids as potential biomarkers of CFPE, but overall, the metabolome of CF sputum was patient specific, supporting a personalized approach to molecular detection of CFPE onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yan Wei Lim
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mike Furlan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pieter Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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195
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Lin YX, Wang Y, Qiao SL, An HW, Zhang RX, Qiao ZY, Rajapaksha RPYJ, Wang L, Wang H. pH-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Modulate Autophagic Effect via Lysosome Impairment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2921-31. [PMID: 27120078 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In drug delivery systems, pH-sensitive polymers are commonly used as drug carriers, and significant efforts have been devoted to the aspects of controlled delivery and release of drugs. However, few studies address the possible autophagic effects on cells. Here, for the first time, using a fluorescent autophagy-reporting cell line, this study evaluates the autophagy-induced capabilities of four types of pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with different physical properties, including size, surface modification, and pH-sensitivity. Based on experimental results, this study concludes that pH-sensitivity is one of the most important factors in autophagy induction. In addition, this study finds that variation of concentration of NPs could cause different autophagic effect, i.e., low concentration of NPs induces autophagy in an mTOR-dependent manner, but high dose of NPs leads to autophagic cell death. Identification of this tunable autophagic effect offers a novel strategy for enhancing therapeutic effect in cancer therapy through modulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Xin Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Xin Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - R P Y J Rajapaksha
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
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196
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Quinn RA, Phelan VV, Whiteson KL, Garg N, Bailey BA, Lim YW, Conrad DJ, Dorrestein PC, Rohwer FL. Microbial, host and xenobiotic diversity in the cystic fibrosis sputum metabolome. THE ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:1483-98. [PMID: 26623545 PMCID: PMC5029181 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs are filled with thick mucus that obstructs airways and facilitates chronic infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen of this disease that produces a variety of toxic small molecules. We used molecular networking-based metabolomics to investigate the chemistry of CF sputa and assess how the microbial molecules detected reflect the microbiome and clinical culture history of the patients. Metabolites detected included xenobiotics, P. aeruginosa specialized metabolites and host sphingolipids. The clinical culture and microbiome profiles did not correspond to the detection of P. aeruginosa metabolites in the same samples. The P. aeruginosa molecules that were detected in sputum did not match those from laboratory cultures. The pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) was readily detectable from cultured strains, but absent from sputum, even when its precursor molecules were present. The lack of PQS production in vivo is potentially due to the chemical nature of the CF lung environment, indicating that culture-based studies of this pathogen may not explain its behavior in the lung. The most differentially abundant molecules between CF and non-CF sputum were sphingolipids, including sphingomyelins, ceramides and lactosylceramide. As these highly abundant molecules contain the inflammatory mediator ceramide, they may have a significant role in CF hyperinflammation. This study demonstrates that the chemical makeup of CF sputum is a complex milieu of microbial, host and xenobiotic molecules. Detection of a bacterium by clinical culturing and 16S rRNA gene profiling do not necessarily reflect the active production of metabolites from that bacterium in a sputum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biology, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa V Phelan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine,
CA, USA
| | - Neha Garg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Bailey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics,
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA,
USA
| | - Yan Wei Lim
- Department of Biology, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Douglas J Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of
California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA,
USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Forest L Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA, USA
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197
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Abstract
Activation of ion channels and pores are essential steps during regulated cell death. Channels and pores participate in execution of apoptosis, necroptosis and other forms of caspase-independent cell death. Within the program of regulated cell death, these channels are strategically located. Ion channels can shrink cells and drive them towards apoptosis, resulting in silent, i.e. immunologically unrecognized cell death. Alternatively, activation of channels can induce cell swelling, disintegration of the cell membrane, and highly immunogenic necrotic cell death. The underlying cell death pathways are not strictly separated as identical stimuli may induce cell shrinkage and apoptosis when applied at low strength, but may also cause cell swelling at pronounced stimulation, resulting in regulated necrosis. Nevertheless, the precise role of ion channels during regulated cell death is far from being understood, as identical channels may support regulated death in some cell types, but may cause cell proliferation, cancer development, and metastasis in others. Along this line, the phospholipid scramblase and Cl(-)/nonselective channel anoctamin 6 (ANO6) shows interesting features, as it participates in apoptotic cell death during lower levels of activation, thereby inducing cell shrinkage. At strong activation, e.g. by stimulation of purinergic P2Y7 receptors, it participates in pore formation, causes massive membrane blebbing, cell swelling, and membrane disintegration. The LRRC8 proteins deserve much attention as they were found to have a major role in volume regulation, apoptotic cell shrinkage and resistance towards anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Schuchman EH. Acid ceramidase and the treatment of ceramide diseases: The expanding role of enzyme replacement therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1459-71. [PMID: 27155573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are a diverse group of sphingolipids that play important roles in many biological processes. Acid ceramidase (AC) is one key enzyme that regulates ceramide metabolism. Early research on AC focused on the fact that it is the enzyme deficient in the rare genetic disorder, Farber Lipogranulomatosis. Recent research has revealed that deficiency of the same enzyme is responsible for a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy associated with myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Due to their diverse role in biology, accumulation of ceramides also has been implicated in the pathobiology of many other common diseases, including infectious lung diseases, diabetes, cancers and others. This has revealed the potential of AC as a therapy for many of these diseases. This review will focus on the biology of AC and the potential role of this enzyme in the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Putignani L, Dallapiccola B. Foodomics as part of the host-microbiota-exposome interplay. J Proteomics 2016; 147:3-20. [PMID: 27130534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The functional complexity of human gut microbiota and its relationship with host physiology and environmental modulating factors, offers the opportunity to investigate (i) the host and microbiota role in organism-environment relationship; (ii) the individual functional diversity and response to environmental stimuli (exposome); (iii) the host genome and microbiota metagenomes' modifications by diet-mediated epigenomic controls (nutriepigenomics); and (iv) the genotype-phenotype "trajectories" under physiological and disease constraints. Systems biology-based approaches aim at integrating biological data at cellular, tissue and organ organization levels, using computational modeling to interpret diseases' physiopathological mechanisms (i.e., onset and progression). Proteomics improves the existing gene models by profiling molecular phenotypes at protein abundance level, by analyzing post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions and providing specific pathway information, hence contributing to functional molecular networks. Transcriptomics and metabolomics may determine host ad microbiota changes induced by food ingredients at molecular level, complementing functional genomics and proteomics data. Since foodomics is an -omic wide methodology may feed back all integrative data to foster the omics-based systems medicine field. Hence, coupled to ecological genomics of gut microbial communities, foodomics may highlight health benefits from nutrients, dissecting diet-induced gut microbiota eubiosis mechanisms and significantly contributing to understand and prevent complex disease phenotypes. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Besides transcriptomics and proteomics there is a growing interest in applying metabolic profiling to food science for the development of functional foods. Indeed, one of the biggest challenges of modern nutrition is to propose a healthy diet to populations worldwide, intrinsically respecting the high inter-individual variability, driven by complex host/nutrients/microbiota/environment interactions. Therefore, metabolic profiling can assist at various levels for the development of functional foods, starting from screening for food composition to identification of new biomarkers to trace food intake. This current approach can support diet intervention strategies, epidemiological studies, and controlling of metabolic disorders worldwide spreading, hence ensuring healthy aging. With high-throughput molecular technologies driving foodomics, studying bidirectional interactions of host-microbial co-metabolism, innate immune development, dysfunctional nutrient absorption and processing, complex signaling pathways involved in nutritional metabolism, is now likely. In all cases, as microbiome pipeline efforts continue, it is possible that enhanced standardized protocols can be developed, which may lead to new testable biological and clinical hypotheses. This Review provides a comprehensive update on the current state-of-the-art of the integrated -omics route in food, microbiota and host co-metabolism studies, which may revolutionize the design of new dietary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Putignani
- Units of Parasitology and Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in the Lungs of Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 3. [PMID: 26350318 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mbp-0003-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) accumulate mucus or sputum in their lungs. This sputum is a potent growth substrate for a range of potential pathogens, and the opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is generally most difficult of these to eradicate. As a result, P. aeruginosa infections are frequently maintained in the CF lung throughout life, and are the leading cause of death for these individuals. While great effort has been expended to better understand and treat these devastating infections, only recently have researchers begun to rigorously examine the roles played by specific nutrients in CF sputum to cue P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding how P. aeruginosa metabolism in CF sputum affects initiation and maintenance of these infections. It contains an overview of CF lung disease and the mechanisms of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Several model systems used to study these infections are described with emphasis on the challenge of replicating the chronic infections observed in humans with CF. Nutrients present in CF sputum are surveyed, and the impacts of these nutrients on the infection are discussed. The chapter concludes by addressing the future of this line of research including the use of next-generation technologies and the potential for metabolism-based therapeutics.
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