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Effects of neuregulin-1 administration on neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus, and characterization of immature neurons along the septotemporal axis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30467. [PMID: 27469430 PMCID: PMC4965755 DOI: 10.1038/srep30467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with learning and affective behavioural regulation. Its diverse functionality is segregated along the septotemporal axis from the dorsal to ventral hippocampus. However, features distinguishing immature neurons in these regions have yet to be characterized. Additionally, although we have shown that administration of the neurotrophic factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) selectively increases proliferation and overall neurogenesis in the mouse ventral dentate gyrus (DG), likely through ErbB3, NRG1's effects on intermediate neurogenic stages in immature neurons are unknown. We examined whether NRG1 administration increases DG ErbB3 phosphorylation. We labeled adultborn cells using BrdU, then administered NRG1 to examine in vivo neurogenic effects on immature neurons with respect to cell survival, morphology, and synaptogenesis. We also characterized features of immature neurons along the septotemporal axis. We found that neurogenic effects of NRG1 are temporally and subregionally specific to proliferation in the ventral DG. Particular morphological features differentiate immature neurons in the dorsal and ventral DG, and cytogenesis differed between these regions. Finally, we identified synaptic heterogeneity surrounding the granule cell layer. These results indicate neurogenic involvement of NRG1-induced antidepressant-like behaviour is particularly associated with increased ventral DG cell proliferation, and identify novel distinctions between dorsal and ventral hippocampal neurogenic development.
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Jangra A, Sriram CS, Lahkar M. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Behavioral Alterations Are Alleviated by Sodium Phenylbutyrate via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammatory Cascade. Inflammation 2016; 39:1441-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Finnell JE, Wood SK. Neuroinflammation at the interface of depression and cardiovascular disease: Evidence from rodent models of social stress. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 4:1-14. [PMID: 27981185 PMCID: PMC5146276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has emerged linking stressful experiences, particularly from one's social environment, with psychiatric disorders. However, vast individual differences emerge in susceptibility to developing stress-related pathology which may be due to distinct differences in the inflammatory response to social stress. Furthermore, depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, another inflammatory-related disease, and results in increased mortality in depressed patients. This review is focused on discussing evidence for stress exposure resulting in persistent or sensitized inflammation in one individual while this response is lacking in others. Particular focus will be directed towards reviewing the literature underlying the impact that neuroinflammation has on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that could be involved in the pathogenesis of comorbid depression and cardiovascular disease. Finally, the theme throughout the review will be to explore the notion that stress-induced inflammation is a key player in the high rate of comorbidity between psychosocial disorders and cardiovascular disease.
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Key Words
- 5-HT, Serotonin
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CRF, Corticotrophin-releasing factor
- CRP, C reactive protein
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- DA, Dopamine
- DR, Dorsal raphe
- IL, Interleukin
- IL-1Ra, Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
- IL-1r2, Interleukin 1 receptor type 2
- INF, Interferon
- KYN, Kynurenine
- LC, Locus coeruleus
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MCP, Monocyte chemoattractant protein
- NE, Norepinephrine
- NPY, Neuropeptide Y
- PTSD, Post traumatic stress disorder
- SSRI, Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- Trk, Tyrosine receptor kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Finnell
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Alvarez XA, Alvarez I, Iglesias O, Crespo I, Figueroa J, Aleixandre M, Linares C, Granizo E, Garcia-Fantini M, Marey J, Masliah E, Winter S, Muresanu D, Moessler H. Synergistic Increase of Serum BDNF in Alzheimer Patients Treated with Cerebrolysin and Donepezil: Association with Cognitive Improvement in ApoE4 Cases. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw024. [PMID: 27207906 PMCID: PMC4926802 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low circulating brain derived neurotrophic factor may promote cognitive deterioration, but the effects of neurotrophic and combination drug therapies on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor were not previously investigated in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We evaluated the effects of Cerebrolysin, donepezil, and the combined therapy on brain derived neurotrophic factor serum levels at week 16 (end of Cerebrolysin treatment) and week 28 (endpoint) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease patients. RESULTS Cerebrolysin, but not donepezil, increased serum brain derived neurotrophic factor at week 16, while the combination therapy enhanced it at both week 16 and study endpoint. Brain derived neurotrophic factor responses were significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in donepezil and Cerebrolysin groups at week 16 and week 28, respectively. Brain derived neurotrophic factor increases were greater in apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 allele carriers, and higher brain derived neurotrophic factor levels were associated with better cognitive improvements in apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 allele patients treated with Cerebrolysin and the combined therapy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a synergistic action of Cerebrolysin and donepezil to increase serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and delaying cognitive decline, particularly in Alzheimer's disease cases with apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Anton Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu).
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Olalla Iglesias
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Ignacio Crespo
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Jesus Figueroa
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Manuel Aleixandre
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Carlos Linares
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Elias Granizo
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Manuel Garcia-Fantini
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Jose Marey
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Stefan Winter
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Dafin Muresanu
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
| | - Herbert Moessler
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez, Ms Alvarez, Ms Iglesias, Mr Crespo, and Dr Figueroa); Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Alvarez); Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Dr Figueroa); School of Psychology, Granada University, Granada, Spain (Dr Aleixandre); Complejo Asistencial HHSCJ, Málaga, Spain (Drs Linares and Granizo); Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital HM Modelo, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Garcia-Fantini); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Marey); Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Masliah); Ever NeuroPharma, Unterach, Austria (Drs Winter and Moessler); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu); and ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Dr Muresanu)
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No effect of escitalopram versus placebo on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy individuals: a randomised trial. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:101-9. [PMID: 26573431 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) seems to play an important role in the course of depression including the response to antidepressants in patients with depression. We aimed to study the effect of an antidepressant intervention on peripheral BDNF in healthy individuals with a family history of depression. METHODS We measured changes in BDNF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and whole-blood BDNF levels in 80 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with depression randomly allocated to receive daily tablets of escitalopram 10 mg versus placebo for 4 weeks. RESULTS We found no statistically significant difference between the escitalopram and the placebo group in the change in BDNF mRNA expression and whole-blood BDNF levels. Post hoc analyses showed a statistically significant negative correlation between plasma escitalopram concentration and change in whole-blood BDNF levels in the escitalopram-treated group. CONCLUSION The results of this randomised trial suggest that escitalopram 10 mg has no effect on peripheral BDNF levels in healthy individuals.
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156
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Walsh JJ, Scribbans TD, Bentley RF, Kellawan JM, Gurd B, Tschakovsky ME. Neurotrophic growth factor responses to lower body resistance training in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:315-23. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance exercise is an efficacious stimulus for improving cognitive function in older adults, which may be mediated by the upregulation of blood-borne neurotrophic growth factors (NTFs) like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the NTF response to resistance exercise and training in older adults is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the timing and magnitude of the NTF response following an acute bout of resistance exercise before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Ten cognitively normal, older adults (ages 60–77 years, five men) were examined. The acute NTF response to resistance exercise was assessed via serum samples drawn at designated time points following exercise. This procedure was then repeated following 8 weeks of resistance training. BDNF increased immediately post-exercise (Δ9% pre-training, Δ11% post-training) then returned to resting levels while IGF-1 remained stable following resistance exercise before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Basal levels of both NTFs were unaffected by the 8 week training period. We report a transient increase in serum BDNF following a bout of resistance exercise in older adults, which could have implications for the design of interventions seeking to maximize cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Walsh
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Trisha D. Scribbans
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert F. Bentley
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Brendon Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael E. Tschakovsky
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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157
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Kuipers SD, Trentani A, Tiron A, Mao X, Kuhl D, Bramham CR. BDNF-induced LTP is associated with rapid Arc/Arg3.1-dependent enhancement in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21222. [PMID: 26888068 PMCID: PMC4758047 DOI: 10.1038/srep21222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a remarkable phenomenon involved in various aspects of learning and memory as well as disease pathophysiology. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents a major player in the regulation of this unique form of neuroplasticity, yet the mechanisms underlying its pro-neurogenic actions remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects associated with brief (25 min), unilateral infusion of BDNF in the rat dentate gyrus. Acute BDNF infusion induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of medial perforant path-evoked synaptic transmission and, concomitantly, enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis bilaterally, reflected by increased dentate gyrus BrdU + cell numbers. Importantly, inhibition of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) translation through local, unilateral infusion of anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides (ArcAS) prior to BDNF infusion blocked both BDNF-LTP induction and the associated pro-neurogenic effects. Notably, basal rates of proliferation and newborn cell survival were unaltered in homozygous Arc/Arg3.1 knockout mice. Taken together these findings link the pro-neurogenic effects of acute BDNF infusion to induction of Arc/Arg3.1-dependent LTP in the adult rodent dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje D Kuipers
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Trentani
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian Tiron
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaosong Mao
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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158
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Comorbidity Factors and Brain Mechanisms Linking Chronic Stress and Systemic Illness. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5460732. [PMID: 26977323 PMCID: PMC4761674 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5460732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental illness are commonly present in patients with chronic systemic diseases. Mood disorders, such as depression, are present in up to 50% of these patients, resulting in impaired physical recovery and more intricate treatment regimen. Stress associated with both physical and emotional aspects of systemic illness is thought to elicit detrimental effects to initiate comorbid mental disorders. However, clinical reports also indicate that the relationship between systemic and psychiatric illnesses is bidirectional, further increasing the complexity of the underlying pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence linking chronic stress and systemic illness, such as activation of the immune response system and release of common proinflammatory mediators. Altogether, discovery of new targets is needed for development of better treatments for stress-related psychiatric illnesses as well as improvement of mental health aspects of different systemic diseases.
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159
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Emerging treatment mechanisms for depression: focus on glutamate and synaptic plasticity. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:454-64. [PMID: 26854424 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a chronic and debilitating illness that effects approximately 1 in 5 people, but currently available treatments are limited by low rates of efficacy, therapeutic time lag, and undesirable side effects. Recent efforts have been directed towards investigating rapid-acting agents that reverse the behavioral and neuronal deficits of chronic stress and depression, notably the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. The cellular mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine and related agents are discussed, as well as novel, selective glutamatergic receptor targets that are safer and have fewer side effects.
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160
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Li Y, Li S, Yan J, Wang D, Yin R, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Zhu X. miR-182 (microRNA-182) suppression in the hippocampus evokes antidepressant-like effects in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:96-103. [PMID: 26368940 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious and potentially life-threatening mental disorder with unknown etiology. Emerging evidence shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the etiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Expression of miR-182 and BDNF in the hippocampus were analyzed in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-hippocampal infusions of BDNF- and miR-182-expressing (miR-182) or miR-182-silencers (si-miR-182) lentiviral vectors (LV). miR-182 upregulation was correlated with decreased BDNF expression in the hippocampus of a CUMS model. Accordingly, an anti-depressant like effect was observed when LV-BDNF or LV-si-miR-182 was injected into the hippocampus. Moreover, BDNF and its target gene cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) decreased following LV-miR-182 injection and increased upon LV-si-miR-182 injection in rat hippocampus and cultured neuronal cells. In contrast, miR-182 overexpression exacerbated depression-like behaviors and decreased BDNF. Further, luciferase reporter evidence confirmed BDNF was a miR-182 target. Taken together, the current results reveal a potential molecular regulation of miR-182 on BDNF and the pronounced behavioral consequences of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China; Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Ruigen Yin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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161
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Social Isolation Stress Induces Anxious-Depressive-Like Behavior and Alterations of Neuroplasticity-Related Genes in Adult Male Mice. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6212983. [PMID: 26881124 PMCID: PMC4736811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6212983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor in the onset of several neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. Although several studies have shown that social isolation stress during postweaning period induces behavioral and brain molecular changes, the effects of social isolation on behavior during adulthood have been less characterized. Aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the behavioral alterations and brain molecular changes induced by chronic social isolation stress in adult male mice. Plasma corticosterone levels and adrenal glands weight were also analyzed. Socially isolated (SI) mice showed higher locomotor activity, spent less time in the open field center, and displayed higher immobility time in the tail suspension test compared to group-housed (GH) mice. SI mice exhibited reduced plasma corticosterone levels and reduced difference between right and left adrenal glands. SI showed lower mRNA levels of the BDNF-7 splice variant, c-Fos, Arc, and Egr-1 in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex compared to GH mice. Finally, SI mice exhibited selectively reduced mGluR1 and mGluR2 levels in the prefrontal cortex. Altogether, these results suggest that anxious- and depressive-like behavior induced by social isolation stress correlates with reduction of several neuroplasticity-related genes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult male mice.
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162
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Walther A, Rice T, Kufert Y, Ehlert U. Neuroendocrinology of a Male-Specific Pattern for Depression Linked to Alcohol Use Disorder and Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:206. [PMID: 28096796 PMCID: PMC5206577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show low rates of diagnosed depression in men compared to women. At the same time, high rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and completed suicide are found among men. These data suggest that a male-specific pattern for depression may exist that is linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. To date, no underlying neuroendocrine model for this specific pattern of male depression has been suggested. In this paper, we integrate findings related to this specific pattern of depression with underlying steroid secretion patterns, polymorphisms, and methylation profiles of key genes in order to detail an original neuroendocrine model of male-specific depression. Low circulating levels of sex steroids seem to increase the vulnerability for male depression, while concomitant high levels of glucocorticoids further intensify this vulnerability. Interactions of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis-related hormones seem to be highly relevant for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. Moreover, genetic variants and the epigenetic profiles of the androgen receptor gene, well-known depression related genes, and HPA axis-related genes were shown to further interact with men's steroid secretion and thus may further contribute to the proposed male-specific pattern for depression. This mini-review points out the multilevel interactions between the HPG and HPA axis for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. An integration of multilevel interactions within the three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Timothy Rice
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Yael Kufert
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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163
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Vega-Rivera NM, Ortiz-López L, Gómez-Sánchez A, Oikawa-Sala J, Estrada-Camarena EM, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB. The neurogenic effects of an enriched environment and its protection against the behavioral consequences of chronic mild stress persistent after enrichment cessation in six-month-old female Balb/C mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 301:72-83. [PMID: 26721469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Because stress may underlie the presence of depressive episodes, strategies to produce protection against or to reverse the effects of stress on neuroplasticity and behavior are relevant. Preclinical studies showed that exposure to stimuli, such as physical activity and environmental enrichment (ENR), produce beneficial effects against stress causing antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Additionally, ENR induces positive effects on neuroplasticity, neurochemistry and behavior at any age of rodents tested. Here, we analyzed whether ENR exposure prevents the development of depressive-like behavior produced by unpredictable, chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure as well as changes in hippocampal neurogenesis in a six-month-old female Balb/C mice, strain that shows low baseline levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Mice were assigned to one of four groups: (1) normal housing-normal housing (NH-NH), (2) NH-CMS, (3) ENR-NH, or (4) ENR-CMS. The animals were exposed over 46 days to ENR or NH and subsequently to NH or CMS for 4 weeks. ENR induces long-term effects protecting against CMS induction of anhedonia and hopelessness behaviors. Independent of housing conditions, ENR increased the number of proliferative cells (Ki67), and CMS decreased the number of proliferative cells. ENR increased the newborn cells (BrdU) and mature phenotypes of neurons; these effects were not changed by CMS exposure. Similarly, the number of doublecortin-positive cells was not affected by CMS in ENR mice, which showed more cells with complex dendrite arborizations. Our study suggests that ENR induces protection against the effects of CMS on behavior and neuroplasticity in six-month-old Balb/C mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ariadna Gómez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Julian Oikawa-Sala
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Erika Monserrat Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Bernabé Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370 México, D.F., Mexico.
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164
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Zhou R, Lu Y, Han Y, Li X, Lou H, Zhu L, Zhen X, Duan S. Mice heterozygous for cathepsin D deficiency exhibit mania-related behavior and stress-induced depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 63:110-8. [PMID: 26092248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in cathepsin D (CTSD), an aspartic protease in the endosomal-lysosomal system, underlie congenital neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (cNCL, also known as CLN10), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. CLN10 patients die within the first few days of life, and in the few patients who live into adulthood psychopathological symptoms have not been reported. Extensive neuropathology and altered neurotransmission have been reported in CTSD-deficient mice; however signs of neuropsychiatric behavior in these mice are not well characterized due to the severe movement disorder and premature death of the animal. In the present study, we show that heterozygous CTSD-deficient (CTSD HET) mice display an overall behavioral profile that is similar to human mania, including hyperlocomotion, d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, sleep-disturbance, and reduced anxiety-like behavior. However, under stressful conditions CTSD HET mice manifest depressive-like behavior, including anhedonia, behavioral despair, and enhanced learned helplessness. Chronic administration of lithium chloride or valproic acid, two clinically effective mood stabilizers, reverses the majority of these behavioral abnormalities. In addition, CTSD HET mice display stress-induced hypersecretion of corticosterone. These findings suggest an important role for CTSD in the regulation of mood stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huifang Lou
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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165
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Piermartiri T, Pan H, Figueiredo TH, Marini AM. α-Linolenic Acid, A Nutraceutical with Pleiotropic Properties That Targets Endogenous Neuroprotective Pathways to Protect against Organophosphate Nerve Agent-Induced Neuropathology. Molecules 2015; 20:20355-80. [PMID: 26569216 PMCID: PMC6332275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a nutraceutical found in vegetable products such as flax and walnuts. The pleiotropic properties of ALA target endogenous neuroprotective and neurorestorative pathways in brain and involve the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major neuroprotective protein in brain, and downstream signaling pathways likely mediated via activation of TrkB, the cognate receptor of BDNF. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of ALA efficacy against the highly toxic OP nerve agent soman. Organophosphate (OP) nerve agents are highly toxic chemical warfare agents and a threat to military and civilian populations. Once considered only for battlefield use, these agents are now used by terrorists to inflict mass casualties. OP nerve agents inhibit the critical enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that rapidly leads to a cholinergic crisis involving multiple organs. Status epilepticus results from the excessive accumulation of synaptic acetylcholine which in turn leads to the overactivation of muscarinic receptors; prolonged seizures cause the neuropathology and long-term consequences in survivors. Current countermeasures mitigate symptoms and signs as well as reduce brain damage, but must be given within minutes after exposure to OP nerve agents supporting interest in newer and more effective therapies. The pleiotropic properties of ALA result in a coordinated molecular and cellular program to restore neuronal networks and improve cognitive function in soman-exposed animals. Collectively, ALA should be brought to the clinic to treat the long-term consequences of nerve agents in survivors. ALA may be an effective therapy for other acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsade Piermartiri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate School Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Hongna Pan
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Taiza H Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Ann M Marini
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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166
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Björkholm C, Monteggia LM. BDNF - a key transducer of antidepressant effects. Neuropharmacology 2015; 102:72-9. [PMID: 26519901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
How do antidepressants elicit an antidepressant response? Here, we review accumulating evidence that the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serves as a transducer, acting as the link between the antidepressant drug and the neuroplastic changes that result in the improvement of the depressive symptoms. Over the last decade several studies have consistently highlighted BDNF as a key player in antidepressant action. An increase in hippocampal and cortical expression of BDNF mRNA parallels the antidepressant-like response of conventional antidepressants such as SSRIs. Subsequent studies showed that a single bilateral infusion of BDNF into the ventricles or directly into the hippocampus is sufficient to induce a relatively rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effect. Importantly, the antidepressant-like response to conventional antidepressants is attenuated in mice where the BDNF signaling has been disrupted by genetic manipulations. Low dose ketamine, which has been found to induce a rapid antidepressant effect in patients with treatment-resistant depression, is also dependent on increased BDNF signaling. Ketamine transiently increases BDNF translation in hippocampus, leading to enhanced synaptic plasticity and synaptic strength. Ketamine has been shown to increase BDNF translation by blocking NMDA receptor activity at rest, thereby inhibiting calcium influx and subsequently halting eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase leading to a desuppression of protein translation, including BDNF translation. The antidepressant-like response of ketamine is abolished in BDNF and TrkB conditional knockout mice, eEF2 kinase knockout mice, in mice carrying the BDNF met/met allele, and by intra-cortical infusions of BDNF-neutralizing antibodies. In summary, current data suggests that conventional antidepressants and ketamine mediate their antidepressant-like effects by increasing BDNF in forebrain regions, in particular the hippocampus, making BDNF an essential determinant of antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Björkholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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167
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Ayers LW, Asok A, Blaze J, Roth TL, Rosen JB. Changes in dam and pup behavior following repeated postnatal exposure to a predator odor (TMT): A preliminary investigation in Long-Evans rats. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 58:176-84. [PMID: 26394891 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether repeated early postnatal exposure to the predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) alters behavioral responses to the stimulus later in life, at postnatal day (PN30). Long-Evans rat pups with their mothers were exposed for 20 min daily to TMT, water, or a noxious odor, butyric acid (BTA), during the first three weeks of life. Mothers exposed to TMT displayed more crouching and nursing behavior than those exposed to BTA, and TMT exposed pups emitted more ultrasonic vocalizations than BTA exposed pups. At PN30, rats were tested for freezing to TMT, water, or BTA. Rats exposed to TMT during the postnatal period displayed less freezing to TMT than rats exposed postnatally to water or BTA. Our data indicate that early-life experience with a predator cue has a significant impact on later fear responses to that same cue, highlighting the programming capacity of the postnatal environment on the development of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Ayers
- Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester, PA, 19013
| | - Arun Asok
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jennifer Blaze
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jeffrey B Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716.
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168
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Burgdorf J, Zhang XL, Colechio EM, Ghoreishi-Haack N, Gross A, Kroes RA, Stanton PK, Moskal JR. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Produces an Antidepressant-Like Effect and Elicits N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Independent Long-Term Potentiation of Synaptic Transmission in Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv101. [PMID: 26374350 PMCID: PMC4772825 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factors play an important role in regulating neurogenesis and synapse formation and may be involved in regulating the antidepressant response to conventional antidepressants. To date, Insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) is the only growth factor that has shown antidepressant properties in human clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of a single IV dose of IGFI was determined using a chronic unpredictable stress paradigm in the rat Porsolt, sucrose preference, novelty-induced hypophagia, and ultrasonic vocalization models. The dependence of the medial prefrontal cortex for these effects was determined by direct medial prefrontal cortex injection followed by Porsolt testing as well as IGFI receptor activation in the medial prefrontal cortex following an optimal IV antidepressant-like dose of IGFI. The effect of IGFI on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength was assessed in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. The dependence of these effects on IGFI and AMPA receptor activation and protein synthesis were also determined. RESULTS IGFI produced a rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant-like effect in each of the depression models. These effects were blocked by IGFI and AMPA receptor antagonists, and medial prefrontal cortex was localized. IGFI robustly increased synaptic strength in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex and these effects were IGFI receptor and protein synthesis-dependent but N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor independent. IGFI also robustly facilitated hippocampal metaplasticity 24 hours postdosing. CONCLUSIONS These data support the conclusion that the antidepressant-like effects of IGFI are mediated by a persistent, LTP-like enhancement of synaptic strength requiring both IGFIR activation and ongoing protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Burgdorf
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (Drs Burgdorf and Moskal); Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY (Drs Zhang and Stanton); Naurex Inc., Evanston, IL (Dr Colechio, Mrs Ghoreishi-Haack, Dr Gross, Dr Kroes, and Dr Moskal).
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169
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Hutton CP, Déry N, Rosa E, Lemon JA, Rollo CD, Boreham DR, Fahnestock M, deCatanzaro D, Wojtowicz JM, Becker S. Synergistic effects of diet and exercise on hippocampal function in chronically stressed mice. Neuroscience 2015; 308:180-93. [PMID: 26358368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe chronic stress can have a profoundly negative impact on the brain, affecting plasticity, neurogenesis, memory and mood. On the other hand, there are factors that upregulate neurogenesis, which include dietary antioxidants and physical activity. These factors are associated with biochemical processes that are also altered in age-related cognitive decline and dementia, such as neurotrophin expression, oxidative stress and inflammation. We exposed mice to an unpredictable series of stressors or left them undisturbed (controls). Subsets of stressed and control mice were concurrently given (1) no additional treatment, (2) a complex dietary supplement (CDS) designed to ameliorate inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance and membrane integrity, (3) a running wheel in each of their home cages that permitted them to exercise, or (4) both the CDS and the running wheel for exercise. Four weeks of unpredictable stress reduced the animals' preference for saccharin, increased their adrenal weights and abolished the exercise-induced upregulation of neurogenesis that was observed in non-stressed animals. Unexpectedly, stress did not reduce hippocampal size, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or neurogenesis. The combination of dietary supplementation and exercise had multiple beneficial effects, as reflected in the number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), the sectional area of the DG and hippocampal CA1, as well as increased hippocampal BDNF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. In contrast, these benefits were not observed in chronically stressed animals exposed to either dietary supplementation or exercise alone. These findings could have important clinical implications for those suffering from chronic stress-related disorders such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Hutton
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - N Déry
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - E Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - J A Lemon
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - C D Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - D R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - M Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - D deCatanzaro
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - J M Wojtowicz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - S Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Mosaferi B, Babri S, Mohaddes G, Khamnei S, Mesgari M. Post-weaning environmental enrichment improves BDNF response of adult male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 46:108-14. [PMID: 26291061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment could have long lasting effects on the individual phenotype through developmental plasticity. Early environmental enrichment exerts profound biological effects, most of which are quite beneficial ones. To explore the enduring effects of rearing condition quality on BDNF(1) responses, we reared male Wistar rats from weaning to young-adulthood in three different environmental conditions: 1. Enriched 2. Standard, and 3. Isolated. Then, at the age of 16 weeks, 10 rats from each group were randomly chosen and allocated to six common mix cages. They were kept together for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, each rat received ten inescapable foot-shocks. Twelve hours later, the BDNF contents of the amygdala and CA1 sub-region of the dorsal hippocampus were measured. The serum BDNF levels, hematocrit values as well as brain and testis weights were also measured. Results showed that the environmental enrichment led to stronger dorsal hippocampal BDNF response and higher serum BDNF levels, while rats from standard laboratory condition showed higher amygdala BDNF response. Also, enriched animals showed higher brain weight compared to isolation reared rats as well as higher testis weight and hematocrit value compared to animals reared in standard laboratory condition. Rats showed less body weights in isolated condition. In conclusion, the BDNF profile of enriched animals might represent the neurobiological correlate of resilience phenotype under a stressful situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Mosaferi
- Neuroscience Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khamnei
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mesgari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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171
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Medina JL, Jacquart J, Smits JAJ. Optimizing the Exercise Prescription for Depression: The Search for Biomarkers of Response. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 4:43-47. [PMID: 26309904 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing support for the efficacy of exercise interventions for the treatment of individuals who present with mild-to-moderate depression. The variability in treatment response across studies and individuals suggests that the efficacy of exercise for depression will be most optimal when prescribed to individuals who are most prone to respond. The present article reviews contemporary theoretical accounts and recent empirical data pointing to neuroinflammatory states and neurotrophin production as possible biomarkers of the antidepressant response to exercise. The larger exercise and depression literatures provide justification for elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and deficits in BDNF production as putative matching variables. Although there is some empirical support for these hypotheses, it is clear that this research warrants replication and extension. We offer a few suggestions for future research in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna L Medina
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jolene Jacquart
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
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172
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van Buel EM, Patas K, Peters M, Bosker FJ, Eisel ULM, Klein HC. Immune and neurotrophin stimulation by electroconvulsive therapy: is some inflammation needed after all? Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5. [PMID: 26218851 PMCID: PMC5068722 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-grade inflammatory response is commonly seen in the peripheral blood of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, especially those with refractory and chronic disease courses. However, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most drastic intervention reserved for these patients, is closely associated with an enhanced haematogenous as well as neuroinflammatory immune response, as evidenced by both human and animal studies. A related line of experimental evidence further shows that inflammatory stimulation reinforces neurotrophin expression and may even mediate dramatic neurogenic and antidepressant-like effects following exposure to chronic stress. The current review therefore attempts a synthesis of our knowledge on the neurotrophic and immunological aspects of ECT and other electrically based treatments in psychiatry. Perhaps contrary to contemporary views, we conclude that targeted potentiation, rather than suppression, of inflammatory responses may be of therapeutic relevance to chronically depressed patients or a subgroup thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M van Buel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - K Patas
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Peters
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F J Bosker
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - U L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H C Klein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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173
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Manosso LM, Moretti M, Ribeiro CM, Gonçalves FM, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of zinc is dependent on signaling pathways implicated in BDNF modulation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:59-67. [PMID: 25600102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that intracellular signaling pathways that modulate brain BDNF are implicated in antidepressant responses, this study investigated whether signaling pathway inhibitors upstream to BDNF might influence the antidepressant-like effect of zinc, a metal that has been shown to display antidepressant properties. To this end, the influence of i.c.v. administration of H-89 (1μg/site, PKA inhibitor), KN-62 (1μg/site, CAMKII inhibitor), chelerythrine (1μg/site, PKC inhibitor), PD98059 (5μg/site, MEK1/2 inhibitor), U0126 (5μg/site, MEK1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (10nmol/site, PI3K inhibitor) on the reduction of immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) elicited by ZnCl2 (10mg/kg, p.o.) was investigated. Moreover, the effect of the combination of sub-effective doses of ZnCl2 (1mg/kg, p.o.) and AR-A014418 (0.001μg/site, GSK-3β inhibitor) was evaluated. The occurrence of changes in CREB phosphorylation and BDNF immunocontent in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice following ZnCl2 treatment was also investigated. The anti-immobility effect of ZnCl2 in the TST was prevented by treatment with PKA, PKC, CAMKII, MEK1/2 or PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, ZnCl2 in combination with AR-A014418 caused a synergistic anti-immobility effect in the TST. None of the treatments altered locomotor activity of mice. ZnCl2 treatment caused no alteration in CREB phosphorylation and BDNF immunocontent. The results extend literature data regarding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like action of zinc by indicating that its antidepressant-like effect may be dependent on the activation of PKA, CAMKII, PKC, ERK, and PI3K/GSK-3β pathways. However, zinc is not able to acutely increase BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau 89012-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Camille M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe M Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Leal
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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174
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Macedo IC, Rozisky JR, Oliveira C, Oliveira CM, Laste G, Nonose Y, Santos VS, Marques PR, Ribeiro MFM, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Chronic stress associated with hypercaloric diet changes the hippocampal BDNF levels in male Wistar rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:75-81. [PMID: 25963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress, whether associated with obesity or not, leads to different neuroendocrine and psychological changes. Obesity or being overweight has become one of the most serious worldwide public health problems. Additionally, it is related to a substantial increase in daily energy intake, which results in substituting nutritionally adequate meals for snacks. This metabolic disorder can lead to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. On the other hand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely expressed in all brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it has important effects on neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, mammalian food intake-behavior, and energy metabolism. BDNF is involved in many activities modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity associated with chronic stress on the BDNF central levels of rats. Obesity was controlled by analyzing the animals' caloric intake and changes in body weight. As a stress parameter, we analyzed the relative adrenal gland weight. We found that exposure to chronic restraint stress during 12 weeks increases the adrenal gland weight, decreases the BDNF levels in the hippocampus and is associated with a decrease in the calorie and sucrose intake, characterizing anhedonia. These effects can be related stress, a phenomenon that induces depression-like behavior. On the other hand, the rats that received the hypercaloric diet had an increase in calorie intake and became obese, which was associated with a decrease in hypothalamus BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - J R Rozisky
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C M Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - G Laste
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Y Nonose
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - V S Santos
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - P R Marques
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - M F M Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Neuro-Humoral Interaction Laboratory, Department of Physiology - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - W Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - I L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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175
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Grados M, Sung HM, Kim S, Srivastava S. Genetic findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder connect to brain-derived neutrophic factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways: implications for drug development. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:372-83. [PMID: 25195581 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are based on affecting serotonergic and dopaminergic transmission in the central nervous system. However, genetic epidemiology findings are pointing to glutamate pathways and developmental genes as etiological in OCD. A review of recent genetic findings in OCD is conducted, and bioinformatics approaches are used to locate pathways relevant to neuroprotection. The OCD susceptibility genes DLGAP1, RYR3, PBX1-MEIS2, LMX1A and candidate genes BDNF and GRIN2B are components of the neuronal growth, differentiation and neurogenesis pathways BDNF-mTOR. These pathways are emerging as a promising area of research for the development of neuroprotective pharmaceuticals. Emergent genetic epidemiologic data on OCD and repetitive behaviors may support new approaches for pharmacological discovery. Neuroprotective approaches that take into consideration glutamate-mediated BDNF-mTOR pathways are suggested by OCD susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grados
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St.-12th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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176
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Legge RM, Sendi S, Cole JH, Cohen-Woods S, Costafreda SG, Simmons A, Farmer AE, Aitchison KJ, McGuffin P, Fu CHY. Modulatory effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on prefrontal regions in major depressive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206:379-84. [PMID: 25745134 PMCID: PMC4416135 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism contributes to the development of depression (major depressive disorder, MDD), but it is unclear whether neural effects observed in healthy individuals are sustained in MDD. AIMS To investigate BDNF Val66Met effects on key regions in MDD neurocircuitry: amygdala, anterior cingulate, middle frontal and orbitofrontal regions. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in 79 persons with MDD (mean age 49 years) and 74 healthy volunteers (mean age 50 years). Effects on surface area and cortical thickness were examined with multiple comparison correction. RESULTS People who were Met allele carriers showed reduced caudal middle frontal thickness in both study groups. Significant interaction effects were found in the anterior cingulate and rostral middle frontal regions, in which participants in the MDD group who were Met carriers showed the greatest reduction in surface area. CONCLUSIONS Modulatory effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on distinct subregions in the prefrontal cortex in MDD support the neurotrophin model of depression.
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177
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Bus BAA, Molendijk ML, Tendolkar I, Penninx BWJH, Prickaerts J, Elzinga BM, Voshaar RCO. Chronic depression is associated with a pronounced decrease in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor over time. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:602-8. [PMID: 25155878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading neurobiological hypotheses on depression states that decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to depression. This is supported by consistent findings of low serum BDNF levels in depressed patients compared with non-depressed controls. Whereas it has been generally assumed that this is a state characteristic of depression, strong inferences about state or trait effects require a longitudinal study design. To investigate the longitudinal association between serum BDNF and depression, we measured serum BDNF, (current and past) depression status, use of antidepressants, and all potential covariates at baseline and after 2 years in 1751 individuals, consisting of patients with an incident (n=153), remitted (n=420) and persistent depression (n=310) and non-depressed controls (n=868). We analyzed change/differences in serum BDNF across these four groups with analyses of covariance adjusted for covariates and baseline BDNF value, together with the effects of starting and stopping antidepressant treatment. Our analyses revealed a significant difference for the depression course groups (P=0.007). Compared with non-depressed controls, persistently depressed and remitted patients had a steeper decrease of BDNF levels over time (-1.33 (P=0.001) and -0.97 ng ml(-1) (P=0.011), respectively), whereas BDNF reductions in patients with incident depression were similar to those in healthy controls. Initiation or discontinuation of antidepressants was not associated with BDNF change (P=0.72). These findings suggest that BDNF not only contributes to depression, but that depression in turn may also contribute to low BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A A Bus
- Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice (NCEBP) Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M L Molendijk
- Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Tendolkar
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice (NCEBP) Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Faculty of Medicine and LVR Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany [3] Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands [3] Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B M Elzinga
- Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R C O Voshaar
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice (NCEBP) Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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178
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Stevens HE, Vaccarino FM. How animal models inform child and adolescent psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:352-9. [PMID: 25901771 PMCID: PMC4407022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Every available approach should be used to advance the field of child and adolescent psychiatry. Biological systems are important for the behavioral problems of children. Close examination of nonhuman animals and the biology and behavior that they share with humans is an approach that must be used to advance the clinical work of child psychiatry. METHOD We review here how model systems are used to contribute to significant insights into childhood psychiatric disorders. Model systems have not only demonstrated causality of risk factors for psychiatric pathophysiology, but have also allowed child psychiatrists to think in different ways about risks for psychiatric disorders and multiple levels that might be the basis of recovery and prevention. RESULTS We present examples of how animal systems are used to benefit child psychiatry, including through environmental, genetic, and acute biological manipulations. Animal model work has been essential in our current thinking about childhood disorders, including the importance of dose and timing of risk factors, specific features of risk factors that are significant, neurochemistry involved in brain functioning, molecular components of brain development, and the importance of cellular processes previously neglected in psychiatric theories. CONCLUSION Animal models have clear advantages and disadvantages that must be considered for these systems to be useful. Coupled with increasingly sophisticated methods for investigating human behavior and biology, animal model systems will continue to make essential contributions to our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Stevens
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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179
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Sulakhiya K, Kumar P, Gurjar SS, Barua CC, Hazarika NK. Beneficial effect of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide induced anxiety-like behavior and liver damage in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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180
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Bernasconi R, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Harrisberger F, Raschle NM, Lenz C, Walter A, Simon A, Riecher-Rössler A, Radue EW, Lang UE, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt SJ. Hippocampal volume correlates with attenuated negative psychotic symptoms irrespective of antidepressant medication. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:230-7. [PMID: 26110110 PMCID: PMC4473852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals with at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) often suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms, which are clinically similar to the negative symptomatology described for psychosis. Thus, many ARMS individuals are already being treated with antidepressant medication. Objectives To investigate clinical and structural differences between psychosis high-risk individuals with or without antidepressants. Methods We compared ARMS individuals currently receiving antidepressants (ARMS-AD; n = 18), ARMS individuals not receiving antidepressants (ARMS-nonAD; n = 31) and healthy subjects (HC; n = 24), in terms of brain structure abnormalities, using voxel-based morphometry. We also performed region of interest analysis for the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and precuneus. Results The ARMS-AD had higher ‘depression’ and lower ‘motor hyperactivity’ scores than the ARMS-nonAD. Compared to HC, there was significantly less GMV in the middle frontal gyrus in the whole ARMS cohort and in the superior frontal gyrus in the ARMS-AD subgroup. Compared to ARMS-nonAD, the ARMS-AD group showed more gray matter volume (GMV) in the left superior parietal lobe, but less GMV in the left hippocampus and the right precuneus. We found a significant negative correlation between attenuated negative symptoms and hippocampal volume in the whole ARMS cohort. Conclusion Reduced GMV in the hippocampus and precuneus is associated with short-term antidepressant medication and more severe depressive symptoms. Hippocampal volume is further negatively correlated with attenuated negative psychotic symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to distinguish whether hippocampal volume deficits in the ARMS are related to attenuated negative psychotic symptoms or to antidepressant action. We compared brain structure in high-risk patients with/without antidepressants (AD). We found attenuated negative psychotic symptoms (ANS) irrespective of AD. We found a significant correlation between ANS and hippocampal volume. Results indicate relevance of ANS for clinical high-risk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Bernasconi
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renata Smieskova
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andor Simon
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan J. Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence to: Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-strasse 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 (0)61 325 81 87; fax: +41 (0)61 325 81 80.
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181
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Míguez-Burbano MJ, Espinoza L, Whitehead NE, Bryant VE, Vargas M, Cook RL, Quiros C, Lewis JE, Deshratan A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive status: the delicate balance among people living with HIV, with and without alcohol abuse. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:254-64. [PMID: 25053366 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140721121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) has lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV(PLWH). However, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) still remain a significant problem. One possible mechanism for the persistence of these disorders is through the effect of HIV on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is influenced by various factors including hazardous alcohol use (HAU), which is prevalent among PLWH. This study attempts to elucidate the relationships between HAU, BDNF and HAND. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a sample of 199 hazardous alcohol users and 198 non-HAU living with HIV. Members of each group were matched according to sociodemographic characteristics and CD4 count. Research procedures included validated questionnaires, neuropsychological assessments and a blood sample to obtain BDNF and immune measurements. RESULTS Hazardous alcohol users showed either significantly lower or significantly higher BDNF levels compared to the Non-hazardous (OR=1,4; 95% CI: 1-2.1, p = 0.003). Therefore, for additional analyses, subjects were categorized based on BDNF values in: Group 1 < 4000, Group 2: 4001-7,999 (reference group), and Group 3 for those >8,000 pg/mL. Groups 1 and 3 performed significantly worse than those in Group 2 in the domains of processing speed, auditory-verbal and visuospatial learning and memory. Multivariate analyses confirmed that HAU and BDNF are significant contributors of HAND. CONCLUSION Our findings offer novel insights into the relationships between BDNF, and alcohol use among PLWH. Our results also lend support to expanding clinical movement to use BDNF as an intervention target for PLWH, in those with evidence of deficiencies, and highlight the importance of including HAUat the inception of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asthana Deshratan
- School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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182
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Baranova KA, Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO. The neurotrophin BDNF is involved in the development and prevention of stress-induced psychopathologies. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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183
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Reinhart V, Bove SE, Volfson D, Lewis DA, Kleiman RJ, Lanz TA. Evaluation of TrkB and BDNF transcripts in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum from subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 77:220-7. [PMID: 25796564 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is integral to a range of neural functions, including synaptic plasticity and exhibits activity-dependent regulation of expression. As altered BDNF signaling has been implicated in multiple psychiatric diseases, here we report a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mRNAs encoding TrkB, total BDNF, and the four most abundant BDNF transcripts (I, IIc, IV, and VI) in postmortem tissue from matched tetrads of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy comparison subjects. In all three regions examined, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), associative striatum and hippocampus, total BDNF mRNA levels did not differ in any disease state. In DLPFC, BDNF IIc was significantly lower in schizophrenia relative to healthy comparison subjects. In hippocampus, BDNF I, IIc, and VI were lower in subjects with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder relative to comparison subjects. In striatum, TrkB mRNA was lower in bipolar disorder and MDD, while BDNF IIc was elevated in MDD, relative to comparison subjects. These data highlight potential alterations in BDNF signaling in the corticohippocampal circuit in schizophrenia, and within the striatum in mood disorders. Novel therapies aimed at improving BDNF-TrkB signaling may therefore have potential to impact on a range of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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184
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Skilleter AJ, Weickert CS, Vercammen A, Lenroot R, Weickert TW. Peripheral BDNF: a candidate biomarker of healthy neural activity during learning is disrupted in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2015; 45:841-854. [PMID: 25162472 PMCID: PMC4413857 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulator of synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity underlying learning. However, a relationship between circulating BDNF levels and brain activity during learning has not been demonstrated in humans. Reduced brain BDNF levels are found in schizophrenia and functional neuroimaging studies of probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia have demonstrated reduced activity in a neural network that includes the prefrontal and parietal cortices and the caudate nucleus. We predicted that brain activity would correlate positively with peripheral BDNF levels during probabilistic association learning in healthy adults and that this relationship would be altered in schizophrenia. METHOD Twenty-five healthy adults and 17 people with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder performed a probabilistic association learning test during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Plasma BDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found a positive correlation between circulating plasma BDNF levels and brain activity in the parietal cortex in healthy adults. There was no relationship between plasma BDNF levels and task-related activity in the prefrontal, parietal or caudate regions in schizophrenia. A direct comparison of these relationships between groups revealed a significant diagnostic difference. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show a relationship between peripheral BDNF levels and cortical activity during learning, suggesting that plasma BDNF levels may reflect learning-related brain activity in healthy humans. The lack of relationship between plasma BDNF and task-related brain activity in patients suggests that circulating blood BDNF may not be indicative of learning-dependent brain activity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Skilleter
- School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales, Kensington,
NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia,
Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,
Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - C. S. Weickert
- School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales, Kensington,
NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia,
Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,
Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - A. Vercammen
- School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales, Kensington,
NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia,
Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,
Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - R. Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales, Kensington,
NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia,
Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,
Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - T. W. Weickert
- School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales, Kensington,
NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia,
Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,
Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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185
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Dotta-Panichi RM, Bins HD, Tramontina JF, Ceresér KM, Aguiar BWD, Paz AC, Taborda JG. Serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mental disorders in imprisoned women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 37:113-20. [PMID: 25714755 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental disorders and early trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in learning, memory processes, and mood regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum BDNF levels and mental disorders among imprisoned women as compared with age- and education-matched controls. METHODS A consecutively recruited sample of 18 female prisoners with mental disorders was assessed for sociodemographic, criminal, and clinical variables using standardized instruments, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI Plus), and serum BDNF levels. RESULTS High rates of childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found in the group of forensic patients. Serum BDNF levels in the forensic group did not differ from those of healthy controls, and were significantly higher when compared with those of women with mental disorders hospitalized in a general hospital. CONCLUSION Elevated serum BDNF levels were found in imprisoned women. The results of this study may suggest neurobiological mechanisms similar to those seen in previous clinical and preclinical studies showing the involvement of BDNF in the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Dotta-Panichi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena D Bins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Keila M Ceresér
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca W de Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André C Paz
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José G Taborda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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186
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Ramasubbu R, Vecchiarelli HA, Hill MN, Kiss ZHT. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and subcallosal deep brain stimulation for refractory depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:135-8. [PMID: 25226864 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.952775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subcallosal cingulate (SCC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising experimental treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Given the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuroplasticity and antidepressant efficacy, we examined the effect of SCC-DBS on serum BDNF in TRD. METHODS Four patients with TRD underwent SCC-DBS treatment. Following a double-blind stimulus optimization phase of 3 months, patients received continuous stimulation in an open label fashion for 6 months. Clinical improvement in depressive symptoms was evaluated bi-weekly for 6 months using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Mature serum BDNF levels were measured before and 9-12 months after surgery. RESULTS Three patients responded to SCC-DBS: two showed full clinical response (50% reduction in HDRS scores) and one had partial response (35% reduction in HDRS scores) at the clinical endpoint. Interestingly, all four patients showed reduction in serum BDNF concentration from pre-DBS baseline. CONCLUSIONS SCC-DBS for TRD may be associated with decreased levels of serum BDNF. Longitudinal studies with multiple measurements in a larger sample are required to determine the role of BDNF as a biomarker of SCC-DBS antidepressant efficacy.
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187
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Tsai SJ. Transcranial focused ultrasound as a possible treatment for major depression. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:381-3. [PMID: 25665863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are currently used as initial therapies for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, despite the remarkable increase in medications validated as effective in MDD, treatments are still plagued by inadequate responses in part of MDD patients. For MDD with inadequate responses to medications, brain stimulation methods such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been used as alternative strategies for treatment of depression, although each of these modalities has an indication for MDD treatment resistance and suffers from a limitation or weakness. Thus, development of new strategies based on novel theories of MDD may help to develop faster and more effective treatments for MDD. Recent studies have suggested that decreased brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. Moreover, increasing brain BDNF and adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been implicated in some of the therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressants. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), a novel technique to deliver highly focused acoustic energy to a small brain region, has been used for targeted drug delivery by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability, and it can noninvasively focally modulate human cortical function. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that tFUS stimulation can increase BDNF and neurogenesis in mice. Furthermore, the increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may increase delivery of serum BDNF to the brain. From the above evidence, tFUS can increase brain BDNF levels and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, suggesting it could be an alternative strategy for the treatment of MDD. Further investigations into the frequency and duration of tFUS stimulation are needed to verify the efficacy of this intervention in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC.
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188
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Antidepressant dose of taurine increases mRNA expression of GABAA receptor α2 subunit and BDNF in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:11-5. [PMID: 25612506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with higher risk for depression. Diabetic rats present depressive-like behaviors and taurine, one of the most abundant free amino acids in the brain, reverses this depressive behaviors. Because taurine is a GABAA agonist modulator, we hypothesize that its antidepressant effect results from the interaction on this system by changing α2 GABAA receptor subunit expression, beside changes on BDNF mRNA, and memory in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats were daily injected with 100mg/kg of taurine or saline, intraperitoneally, for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were exposed to the novel object recognition memory. Later they were euthanized, the brains were weighed, and the hippocampus was dissected for α2 GABAA subunit and BDNF mRNA expression. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that diabetic rats presented lower α2 GABAA subunit and BDNF mRNA expression than non-diabetic rats and taurine increased both parameters in these sick rats. Taurine also reversed the lower brain weight and improved the short-term memory in diabetic rats. Thus, the taurine antidepressant effect may be explained by interference with the GABA system, in line to its neuroprotective effect showed here by preventing brain weight loss and improving memory in diabetic rats.
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189
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Suri D, Vaidya VA. The adaptive and maladaptive continuum of stress responses – a hippocampal perspective. Rev Neurosci 2015; 26:415-42. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExposure to stressors elicits a spectrum of responses that span from potentially adaptive to maladaptive consequences at the structural, cellular and physiological level. These responses are particularly pronounced in the hippocampus where they also appear to influence hippocampal-dependent cognitive function and emotionality. The factors that influence the nature of stress-evoked consequences include the chronicity, severity, predictability and controllability of the stressors. In addition to adult-onset stress, early life stress also elicits a wide range of structural and functional responses, which often exhibit life-long persistence. However, the outcome of early stress exposure is often contingent on the environment experienced in adulthood, and could either aid in stress coping or could serve to enhance susceptibility to the negative consequences of adult stress. This review comprehensively examines the consequences of adult and early life stressors on the hippocampus, with a focus on their effects on neurogenesis, neuronal survival, structural and synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Further, we discuss potential factors that may tip stress-evoked consequences from being potentially adaptive to largely maladaptive.
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190
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Brand SJ, Moller M, Harvey BH. A Review of Biomarkers in Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Dissection of Clinical vs. Preclinical Correlates. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:324-68. [PMID: 26411964 PMCID: PMC4812797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150307004545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research efforts aimed at understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of mood (depression, bipolar disorder) and psychotic disorders, the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of these disorders are still based solely on relatively subjective assessment of symptoms as well as psychometric evaluations. Therefore, biological markers aimed at improving the current classification of psychotic and mood-related disorders, and that will enable patients to be stratified on a biological basis into more homogeneous clinically distinct subgroups, are urgently needed. The attainment of this goal can be facilitated by identifying biomarkers that accurately reflect pathophysiologic processes in these disorders. This review postulates that the field of psychotic and mood disorder research has advanced sufficiently to develop biochemical hypotheses of the etiopathology of the particular illness and to target the same for more effective disease modifying therapy. This implies that a "one-size fits all" paradigm in the treatment of psychotic and mood disorders is not a viable approach, but that a customized regime based on individual biological abnormalities would pave the way forward to more effective treatment. In reviewing the clinical and preclinical literature, this paper discusses the most highly regarded pathophysiologic processes in mood and psychotic disorders, thereby providing a scaffold for the selection of suitable biomarkers for future studies in this field, to develope biomarker panels, as well as to improve diagnosis and to customize treatment regimens for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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191
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Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 60:56-64. [PMID: 25455510 PMCID: PMC4314337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consistent evidence indicates that exercise improves cognition and mood, with preliminary evidence suggesting that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate these effects. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to provide an estimate of the strength of the association between exercise and increased BDNF levels in humans across multiple exercise paradigms. We conducted a meta-analysis of 29 studies (N = 1111 participants) examining the effect of exercise on BDNF levels in three exercise paradigms: (1) a single session of exercise, (2) a session of exercise following a program of regular exercise, and (3) resting BDNF levels following a program of regular exercise. Moderators of this effect were also examined. Results demonstrated a moderate effect size for increases in BDNF following a single session of exercise (Hedges' g = 0.46, p < 0.001). Further, regular exercise intensified the effect of a session of exercise on BDNF levels (Hedges' g = 0.59, p = 0.02). Finally, results indicated a small effect of regular exercise on resting BDNF levels (Hedges' g = 0.27, p = 0.005). When analyzing results across paradigms, sex significantly moderated the effect of exercise on BDNF levels, such that studies with more women showed less BDNF change resulting from exercise. Effect size analysis supports the role of exercise as a strategy for enhancing BDNF activity in humans, but indicates that the magnitude of these effects may be lower in females relative to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L. Szuhany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University 648 Beacon St., 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Matteo Bugatti
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University 648 Beacon St., 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Michael W. Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University 648 Beacon St., 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215
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192
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Assareh AA, Sharpley CF, McFarlane JR, Sachdev PS. Biological determinants of depression following bereavement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 49:171-81. [PMID: 25541460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable variability among people in their response to bereavement. While most people adapt well to bereavement, some develop exaggerated and/or pathological responses and may meet criteria for a major depressive episode. Many studies have investigated the effect of psychosocial factors on bereavement outcome but biological factors have not received much attention, hence the focus of this paper. The biological factors studied to date in relation to bereavement outcomes include genetic polymorphisms, neuroendocrine factors, and immunologic/inflammatory markers. In addition, animal studies have shown the alterations of brain neurotransmitters as well as changes in the plasma levels of the neurotrophic growth factors under the influence of peer loss. Recent studies have also investigated the biological basis of stress resilience, and have found a few genetic polymorphisms and potential biomarkers as protective factors in the face of adversity. Longitudinal studies that include data collection prior to, and also after, bereavement and which chart both biological and psychological measures are needed to develop profiles for the prediction of response to bereavement and personalised interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Assareh
- Collaborative Research Network for Mental Health and Well-being, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
| | - Christopher F Sharpley
- Collaborative Research Network for Mental Health and Well-being, University of New England, Armidale, Australia; Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - James R McFarlane
- Collaborative Research Network for Mental Health and Well-being, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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193
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Duman RS. Pathophysiology of depression and innovative treatments: remodeling glutamatergic synaptic connections. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24733968 PMCID: PMC3984887 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.1/rduman] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the complexity and heterogeneity of mood disorders, basic and clinical research studies have begun to elucidate the pathophysiology of depression and to identify rapid, efficacious antidepressant agents. Stress and depression are associated with neuronal atrophy, characterized by loss of synaptic connections in key cortical and limbic brain regions implicated in depression. This is thought to occur in part via decreased expression and function of growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. These structural alterations are difficult to reverse with typical antidepressants. However, recent studies demonstrate that ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that produces rapid antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant depressed patients, rapidly increases spine synapses in the PFC and reverses the deficits caused by chronic stress. This is thought to occur by disinhibition of glutamate transmission, resulting in a rapid but transient burst of glutamate, followed by an increase in BDNF release and activation of downstream signaling pathways that stimulate synapse formation. Recent work demonstrates that the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, are also associated with increased glutamate transmission and synapse formation. These findings have resulted in testing and identification of additional targets and agents that influence glutamate transmission and have rapid antidepressant actions in rodent models and in clinical trials. Together these studies have created tremendous excitement and hope for a new generation of rapid, efficacious antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Duman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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194
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NMDA receptor dysregulation in chronic state: A possible mechanism underlying depression with BDNF downregulation. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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195
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Vogt MA, Inta D, Luoni A, Elkin H, Pfeiffer N, Riva MA, Gass P. Inducible forebrain-specific ablation of the transcription factor Creb during adulthood induces anxiety but no spatial/contextual learning deficits. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:407. [PMID: 25505876 PMCID: PMC4245921 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) is an activity-dependent transcription factor playing a role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and emotional behavior. However, the impact of Creb ablation on rodent behavior is vague as e.g., memory performance of different Creb mutant mice depends on the specific type of mutation per se but additionally on the background and learning protocol differences. Here we present the first targeted ablation of CREB induced during adulthood selectively in principal forebrain neurons in a pure background strain of C57BL/6 mice. All hippocampal principal neurons exhibited lack of CREB expression. Mutant mice showed a severe anxiety phenotype in the openfield and novel object exploration test as well as in the Dark-Light Box Test, but unaltered hippocampus-dependent long-term memory in the Morris water maze and in context dependent fear conditioning. On the molecular level, CREB ablation led to CREM up regulation in the hippocampus and frontal cortex which may at least in part compensate for the loss of CREB. BDNF, a postulated CREB target gene, was down regulated in the frontal lobe but not in the hippocampus; neurogenesis remained unaltered. Our data indicate that in the adult mouse forebrain the late onset of CREB ablation can, in case of memory functionality, be compensated for and is not essential for memory consolidation and retrieval during adulthood. In contrast, the presence of CREB protein during adulthood seems to be pivotal for the regulation of emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hasan Elkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
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196
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Litteljohn D, Nelson E, Hayley S. IFN-γ differentially modulates memory-related processes under basal and chronic stressor conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:391. [PMID: 25477784 PMCID: PMC4238410 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are inflammatory messengers that orchestrate the brain’s response to immunological challenges, as well as possibly even toxic and psychological insults. We previously reported that genetic ablation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), attenuated some of the corticosteroid, cytokine, and limbic dopaminergic variations induced by 6 weeks of exposure to an unpredictable psychologically relevant stressor. Presently, we sought to determine whether a lack of IFN-γ would likewise modify the impact of chronic stress on hippocampus-dependent memory function and related neurotransmitter and neurotrophin signaling systems. As predicted, chronic stress impaired spatial recognition memory (Y-maze task) in the wild-type animals. In contrast, though the IFN-γ knockouts (KOs) showed memory disturbances in the basal state, under conditions of chronic stress these mice actually exhibited facilitated memory performance. Paralleling these findings, while overall the KOs displayed altered noradrenergic and/or serotonergic activity in the hippocampus and locus coeruleus, norepinephrine utilization in both of these memory-related brain regions was selectively increased among the chronically stressed KOs. However, contrary to our expectations, neither IFN-γ deletion nor chronic stressor exposure significantly affected nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurotransmission or hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein expression. These findings add to a growing body of evidence implicating cytokines in the often differential regulation of neurobehavioral processes in health and disease. Whereas in the basal state IFN-γ appears to be involved in sustaining memory function and the activity of related brain monoamine systems, in the face of ongoing psychologically relevant stress the cytokine may, in fact, act to restrict potentially adaptive central noradrenergic and spatial memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Litteljohn
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Nelson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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197
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Weiser MJ, Wynalda K, Salem N, Butt CM. Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:151-66. [PMID: 25411442 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA is an important omega-3 PUFA that confers neurodevelopmental benefits. Sufficient omega-3 PUFA intake has been associated with improved mood-associated measures in adult humans and rodents, but it is unknown whether DHA specifically influences these benefits. Furthermore, the extent to which development and puberty interact with the maternal diet and the offspring diet to affect mood-related behaviors in adolescence is poorly understood. We sought to address these questions by 1) feeding pregnant rats with diets sufficient or deficient in DHA during gestation and lactation; 2) weaning their male offspring to diets that were sufficient or deficient in DHA; and 3) assessing depression-related behaviors (forced swim test), plasma biomarkers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and melatonin], and brain biomarkers (BDNF) in the offspring before and after puberty. No dietary effects were detected when the offspring were evaluated before puberty. In contrast, after puberty depressive-like behavior and its associated biomarkers were worse in DHA-deficient offspring compared with animals with sufficient levels of DHA. The findings reported here suggest that maintaining sufficient DHA levels throughout development (both pre- and postweaning) may increase resiliency to emotional stressors and decrease susceptibility to mood disorders that commonly arise during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Weiser
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Kelly Wynalda
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Norman Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045
| | - Christopher M Butt
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
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198
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Liu G, Rustom N, Litteljohn D, Bobyn J, Rudyk C, Anisman H, Hayley S. Use of induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons engineered to express BDNF for modulation of stressor related pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:316. [PMID: 25352778 PMCID: PMC4196567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined cell and gene-based therapeutic strategies offer potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions that have been associated with structural brain disturbances. In the present investigation, we used a novel virus-free re-programming method to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and then subsequently transformed these cells into neural cells which over-expressed brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Importantly, the infusion of iPSC derived neural cells (as a cell replacement and gene delivery tool) and BDNF (as a protective factor) influenced neuronal outcomes. Specifically, intracerebroventricular transplantation of iPSC-derived neural progenitors that over-expressed BDNF reversed the impact of immune (lipopolysaccharide) and chronic stressor challenges upon subventricular zone adult neurogenesis, and the iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells alone blunted the stressor-induced corticosterone response. Moreover, our findings indicate that mature dopamine producing neurons can be generated using iPSC procedures and appear to be viable when infused in vivo. Taken together, these data could have important implications for using gene-plus-cell replacement methods to modulate stressor related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gele Liu
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nazneen Rustom
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Litteljohn
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Bobyn
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Rudyk
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Hayley Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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199
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Jedynak P, Kos T, Sandi C, Kaczmarek L, Filipkowski RK. Mice with ablated adult brain neurogenesis are not impaired in antidepressant response to chronic fluoxetine. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 56:106-11. [PMID: 24931850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neurogenesis hypothesis of major depression has two main facets. One states that the illness results from decreased neurogenesis while the other claims that the very functioning of antidepressants depends on increased neurogenesis. In order to verify the latter, we have used cyclin D2 knockout mice (cD2 KO mice), known to have virtually no adult brain neurogenesis, and we demonstrate that these mice successfully respond to chronic fluoxetine. After unpredictable chronic mild stress, mutant mice showed depression-like behavior in forced swim test, which was eliminated with chronic fluoxetine treatment, despite its lack of impact on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cD2 KO mice. Our results suggest that new neurons are not indispensable for the action of antidepressants such as fluoxetine. Using forced swim test and tail suspension test, we also did not observe depression-like behavior in control cD2 KO mice, which argues against the link between decreased adult brain neurogenesis and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jedynak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kos
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience & Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert K Filipkowski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biological Psychology, University of Finance and Management in Warsaw, 01-030 Warsaw, Poland; Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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200
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Shetty AK. Hippocampal injury-induced cognitive and mood dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, and epilepsy: can early neural stem cell grafting intervention provide protection? Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:117-24. [PMID: 24433836 PMCID: PMC4742318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the hippocampus can occur through many causes including head trauma, ischemia, stroke, status epilepticus, and Alzheimer's disease. Certain changes such as increased levels of neurogenesis and elevated concentrations of multiple neurotrophic factors that ensue in the acute phase after injury seem beneficial for restraining hippocampal dysfunction. However, many alterations that arise in the intermediate to chronic phase after injury such as abnormal migration of newly born neurons, aberrant synaptic reorganization, progressive loss of inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid positive interneurons including those expressing reelin, greatly declined neurogenesis, and sustained inflammation are detrimental. Consequently, the net effect of postinjury plasticity in the hippocampus remains inadequate for promoting significant functional recovery. Hence, ideal therapeutic interventions ought to be efficient for restraining these detrimental changes in order to block the propensity of most hippocampal injuries to evolve into learning deficits, memory dysfunction, depression, and temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural stem cell (NSC) grafting into the hippocampus early after injury appears alluring from this perspective because several recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of this intervention, especially for preventing/easing memory dysfunction, depression, and temporal lobe epilepsy development in the chronic phase after injury. These beneficial effects of NSC grafting appeared to be mediated through considerable modulation of aberrant hippocampal postinjury plasticity with additions of new inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid positive interneurons and astrocytes secreting a variety of neurotrophic factors and anticonvulsant proteins. This review presents advancements made in NSC grafting therapy for treating hippocampal injury in animal models of excitotoxic injury, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and status epilepticus; potential mechanisms of functional recovery mediated by NSC grafts placed early after hippocampal injury; and issues that need to be resolved prior to considering clinical application of NSC grafting for hippocampal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA; Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.
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