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Delineating cell behavior and metabolism of non-melanoma skin cancer in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:165-180. [PMID: 31970645 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers - basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) - are the most frequent forms of malignant neoplasm in humans worldwide. The etiology of these carcinomas is multifactorial. In addition to the harmful effect of UV light, altered cross-talk between neoplastic epithelial cells and the supporting dermal fibroblasts contributes to the regulation of tumor cell behavior, growth and survival. Metabolic cooperation between these cell types allows them to adapt and react to changes in their surrounding microenvironment by modifying their cellular bioenergetics and biosynthesis. We characterized the growth, behavior, and metabolic activity of human BCC cells, E-cadherin-competent SCC cells and E-cadherin-suppressed SCC cells in the presence or absence of dermal fibroblasts. In mono-cultures and co-cultures, BCC and SCC cells demonstrated distinct morphology, growth and organizational patterns. These tumor cells also exhibited unique patterns of consumption and secretion profiles of glucose, lactate, acetate, glutamine, glutamate, and pyruvate. In comparison to mono-cultures, growth of fibroblasts with either BCC cells or SCC cells enriched the cell growth environment, allowed for metabolic cooperation between these two cell types, and resulted in alterations in the metabolic profiles of the co-cultures. These alterations were affected by the cancer cell type, culture confluence and the composition of the growth medium. Characterizing the bioenergetics of BCC and SCC cells in the context of tumor-stromal interactions is not only important for further understanding of tumor pathogenesis, but also can illuminate potential new targets for novel, metabolic-based therapies for non-melanoma skin cancers.
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152
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ATP citrate lyase: A central metabolic enzyme in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 471:125-134. [PMID: 31830561 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ACLY links energy metabolism provided by catabolic pathways to biosynthesis. ACLY, which has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers, converts citrate into acetyl-CoA and OAA. The first of these molecules supports protein acetylation, in particular that of histone, and de novo lipid synthesis, and the last one sustains the production of aspartate (required for nucleotide and polyamine synthesis) and the regeneration of NADPH,H+(consumed in redox reaction and biosynthesis). ACLY transcription is promoted by SREBP1, its activity is stabilized by acetylation and promoted by AKT phosphorylation (stimulated by growth factors and glucose abundance). ACLY plays a pivotal role in cancer metabolism through the potential deprivation of cytosolic citrate, a process promoting glycolysis through the enhancement of the activities of PFK 1 and 2 with concomitant activation of oncogenic drivers such as PI3K/AKT which activate ACLY and the Warburg effect in a feed-back loop. Pending the development of specific inhibitors and tailored methods for identifying which specific metabolism is involved in the development of each tumor, ACLY could be targeted by inhibitors such as hydroxycitrate and bempedoic acid. The administration of citrate at high level mimics a strong inhibition of ACLY and could be tested to strengthen the effects of current therapies.
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153
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Zheng H, Dong B, Ning J, Shao X, Zhao L, Jiang Q, Ji H, Cai A, Xue W, Gao H. NMR-based metabolomics analysis identifies discriminatory metabolic disturbances in tissue and biofluid samples for progressive prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:241-251. [PMID: 31758937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men, but its metabolic characteristics during tumor progression are still far from being fully understood. METHODS The metabolic profiles of matched tissue, serum and urine samples from the same patients were analyzed using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. We identified several important metabolites that significantly altered at different stages of PCa, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), early PCa (EPC), advanced PCa (APC), metastatic PCa (MPC) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Metabolic correlation networks among tissue, serum and urine samples were examined using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS The changes in metabolic phenotypes during the progression of PCa were more noticeable in tissue samples when compared with serum and urine samples. Herein we identified a series of important metabolic disturbances, including decreased trends of citrate, creatinine, acetate, leucine, valine, glycine, lysine, histidine, glutamine and choline as well as increased trends of uridine and formate. These metabolites are mainly implicated in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, choline and fatty acid metabolism as well as uridine metabolism. We also found that energy metabolism in tumor tissues was positively associated with amino acid metabolism in serum and urine. Additionally, CRPC patients had a peculiar metabolic phenotype, especially decreased amino acid metabolism in serum. CONCLUSIONS The present study characterizes metabolic disturbances in both tissue and biofluid samples during PCa progression and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Aimin Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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154
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van Pijkeren A, Bischoff R, Kwiatkowski M. Mass spectrometric analysis of PTM dynamics using stable isotope labeled metabolic precursors in cell culture. Analyst 2019; 144:6812-6833. [PMID: 31650141 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological organisms represent highly dynamic systems, which are continually exposed to environmental factors and always strive to restore steady-state homeostasis. Posttranslational modifications are key regulators with which biological systems respond to external stimuli. To understand how homeostasis is restored, it is important to study the kinetics of posttranslational modifications. In this review we discuss proteomic approaches using stable isotope labeled metabolic precursors to study dynamics of posttranslational modifications in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienke van Pijkeren
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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155
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghrayeb
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Inbal Mor
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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156
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Mi L, Zhou Y, Wu D, Tao Q, Wang X, Zhu H, Gao X, Wang J, Ling R, Deng J, Mao C, Chen D. ACSS2/AMPK/PCNA pathway‑driven proliferation and chemoresistance of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells under nutrient stress. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5286-5296. [PMID: 31638228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platinum‑based chemotherapy is the first‑line choice for locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, accelerated recurrence and chemoresistance remain inevitable. New evidence suggests that metabolism reprogramming under stress involves independent processes that are executed with a variety of proteins. This study investigated the functions of nutrient stress (NS)‑mediated acetyl‑CoA synthetase short‑chain family member 2 (ACSS2) in cell proliferation and cisplatin‑resistance and examined its combined effects with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a key regulator of DNA replication and repair. Here, it was demonstrated that under NS, when the AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was activated, ESCC cells maintained proliferation and chemoresistance was distinctly upregulated as determined by CCK‑8 assay. As determined using immunoblotting and RT‑qPCR, compared with normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het‑1A), ESCC cells were less sensitive to NS and showed increased intracellular levels of ACSS2. Moreover, it was shown that ACSS2 inhibition by siRNA not only greatly interfered with proliferation under NS but also participated in DNA repair after cisplatin treatment via PCNA suppression, and the acceleration of cell death was dependent on the activation of the AMPK pathway as revealed by the Annexin V/PI and TUNEL assay results. Our study identified crosstalk between nutrient supply and chemoresistance that could be exploited therapeutically to target AMPK signaling, and the results suggest ACSS2 as a potential biomarker for identifying higher‑risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mi
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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157
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Stine RR, Sakers AP, TeSlaa T, Kissig M, Stine ZE, Kwon CW, Cheng L, Lim HW, Kaestner KH, Rabinowitz JD, Seale P. PRDM16 Maintains Homeostasis of the Intestinal Epithelium by Controlling Region-Specific Metabolism. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:830-845.e8. [PMID: 31564549 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways dynamically regulate tissue development and maintenance. However, the mechanisms that govern the metabolic adaptation of stem or progenitor cells to their local niche are poorly understood. Here, we define the transcription factor PRDM16 as a region-specific regulator of intestinal metabolism and epithelial renewal. PRDM16 is selectively expressed in the upper intestine, with enrichment in crypt-resident progenitor cells. Acute Prdm16 deletion in mice triggered progenitor apoptosis, leading to diminished epithelial differentiation and severe intestinal atrophy. Genomic and metabolic analyses showed that PRDM16 transcriptionally controls fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in crypts. Expression of this PRDM16-driven FAO program was highest in the upper small intestine and declined distally. Accordingly, deletion of Prdm16 or inhibition of FAO selectively impaired the development and maintenance of upper intestinal enteroids, and these effects were rescued by acetate treatment. Collectively, these data reveal that regionally specified metabolic programs regulate intestinal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Stine
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alexander P Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Megan Kissig
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Chan Wook Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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158
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Mankoff DA, Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Karp JS. Advances in PET Diagnostics for Guiding Targeted Cancer Therapy and Studying In Vivo Cancer Biology. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 7:97-108. [PMID: 37092138 PMCID: PMC10117535 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review We present an overview of recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostics as applied to the study of cancer, specifically as a tool to study in vivo cancer biology and to direct targeted cancer therapy. The review is directed to translational and clinical cancer investigators who may not be familiar with these applications of PET cancer diagnostics, but whose research might benefit from these advancing tools. Recent Findings We highlight recent advances in 3 areas: (1) the translation of PET imaging cancer biomarkers to clinical trials; (2) methods for measuring cancer metabolism in vivo in patients; and (3) advances in PET instrumentation, including total-body PET, that enable new methodologies. We emphasize approaches that have been translated to human studies. Summary PET imaging methodology enables unique in vivo cancer diagnostics that go beyond cancer detection and staging, providing an improved ability to guide cancer treatment and an increased understanding of in vivo human cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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159
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Bose S, Ramesh V, Locasale JW. Acetate Metabolism in Physiology, Cancer, and Beyond. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:695-703. [PMID: 31160120 PMCID: PMC6699882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetate and the related metabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) confer numerous metabolic functions, including energy production, lipid synthesis, and protein acetylation. Despite its importance as a nutrient for cellular metabolism, its source has been unclear. Recent studies have provided evidence to support the existence of a de novo pathway for acetate production derived from pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. This mechanism of pyruvate-derived acetate generation could have far-reaching implications for the regulation of central carbon metabolism. In this Opinion, we discuss our current understanding of acetate metabolism in the context of cell-autonomous metabolic regulation, cell-cell interactions, and systemic physiology. Applications relevant to health and disease, particularly cancer, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Bose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vijyendra Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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160
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The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081943. [PMID: 31426593 PMCID: PMC6723943 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay of gut microbiota, host metabolism, and metabolic health has gained increased attention. Gut microbiota may play a regulatory role in gastrointestinal health, substrate metabolism, and peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas via its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Animal and human data demonstrated that, in particular, acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny. In this review, the relevance of the colonically and systemically most abundant SCFA acetate and its effects on the previously mentioned tissues will be discussed in relation to body weight control and glucose homeostasis. We discuss in detail the differential effects of oral acetate administration (vinegar intake), colonic acetate infusions, acetogenic fiber, and acetogenic probiotic administrations as approaches to combat obesity and comorbidities. Notably, human data are scarce, which highlights the necessity for further human research to investigate acetate’s role in host physiology, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.
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161
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Zhao G. Functions of metabolic enzymes in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1744-1747. [PMID: 31369210 PMCID: PMC6718017 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Gereral Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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162
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Shahid M, Kim M, Lee MY, Yeon A, You S, Kim HL, Kim J. Downregulation of CENPF Remodels Prostate Cancer Cells and Alters Cellular Metabolism. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900038. [PMID: 30957416 PMCID: PMC6633900 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in prostate cancer (PC) are associated with progression and aggressiveness. However, the underlying mechanisms behind PC metabolic functions are unknown. The authors' group recently reported on the important role of centromere protein F (CENPF), a protein associated with the centromere-kinetochore complex and chromosomal segregation during mitosis, in PC MRI visibility. This study focuses on discerning the role of CENPF in metabolic perturbation in human PC3 cells. A series of bioinformatics analyses shows that CENPF is one gene that is strongly associated with aggressive PC and that its expression is positively correlated with metastasis. By identifying and reconstructing the CENPF network, additional associations with lipid regulation are found. Further untargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry reveals that silencing of CENPF alters the global metabolic profiles of PC cells and inhibits cell proliferation, which suggests that CENPF may be a critical regulator of PC metabolism. These findings provide useful scientific insights that can be applied in future studies investigating potential targets for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Austin Yeon
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyung L. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Ga Cheon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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163
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Cui P, Huang C, Guo J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Zhuo H, Lin D. Metabolic Profiling of Tumors, Sera, and Skeletal Muscles from an Orthotopic Murine Model of Gastric Cancer Associated-Cachexia. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1880-1892. [PMID: 30888184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex metabolic derangement syndrome that affects approximately 50-80% of cancer patients. So far, few works have been reported to provide a global overview of gastric cancer cachexia (GCC)-related metabolic changes. We established a GCC murine model by orthotopicly implanting BGC823 cell line and conducted NMR-based metabolomic analysis of gastric tissues, sera, and gastrocnemius. The model with typical cachexia symptoms, confirmed by significant weight loss and muscle atrophy, showed distinctly distinguished metabolic profiles of tumors, sera, and gastrocnemius from sham mice. We identified 20 differential metabolites in tumors, 13 in sera, and 14 in gastrocnemius. Tumor extracts displayed increased pyruvate and lactate, and decreased hypoxanthine, inosine, and inosinate, indicating significantly altered glucose and nucleic acid metabolisms. Cachectic mice exhibited up-regulated serum lactate and glycerol, and down-regulated glucose, which were closely related to hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia. Furthermore, gastrocnemius transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that GCC induced perturbed pathways mainly concentrated on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, cachectic gastrocnemius exhibited increased α-ketoglutarate and decreased glucose. In vitro study indicated that α-ketoglutarate could prompt myoblasts proliferation and reduce glucose deficiency-induced myotubes atrophy. Overall, this work provides a global metabolic overview to understand the metabolic alterations associated with GCC-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen 361005 , China
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164
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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165
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Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinically Exploiting Cancer-specific Metabolism-Why Is Tumor Metabolism Not More Extensively Translated into Clinical Targets and Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061385. [PMID: 30893889 PMCID: PMC6471292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit a specialized metabolism supporting their superior ability for rapid proliferation, migration, and apoptotic evasion. It is reasonable to assume that the specific metabolic needs of the tumor cells can offer an array of therapeutic windows as pharmacological disturbance may derail the biochemical mechanisms necessary for maintaining the tumor characteristics, while being less important for normally proliferating cells. In addition, the specialized metabolism may leave a unique metabolic signature which could be used clinically for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Quantitative global metabolic profiling (metabolomics) has evolved over the last two decades. However, despite the technology’s present ability to measure 1000s of endogenous metabolites in various clinical or biological specimens, there are essentially no examples of metabolomics investigations being translated into actual utility in the cancer clinic. This review investigates the current efforts of using metabolomics as a tool for translation of tumor metabolism into the clinic and further seeks to outline paths for increasing the momentum of using tumor metabolism as a biomarker and drug target opportunity.
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166
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Matsuya-Ogawa M, Shibata T, Itoh H, Murakami H, Yaguchi C, Sugihara K, Kanayama N. Oncoprotective Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Uterine Cervical Neoplasia. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:312-319. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1578388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Matsuya-Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotake Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chizuko Yaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugihara
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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167
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Çubuk C, Hidalgo MR, Amadoz A, Rian K, Salavert F, Pujana MA, Mateo F, Herranz C, Carbonell-Caballero J, Dopazo J. Differential metabolic activity and discovery of therapeutic targets using summarized metabolic pathway models. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 30854222 PMCID: PMC6397295 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data, there is still a gap between the detection of perturbations in gene expression and the understanding of their contribution to the molecular mechanisms that ultimately account for the phenotype studied. Alterations in the metabolism are behind the initiation and progression of many diseases, including cancer. The wealth of available knowledge on metabolic processes can therefore be used to derive mechanistic models that link gene expression perturbations to changes in metabolic activity that provide relevant clues on molecular mechanisms of disease and drug modes of action (MoA). In particular, pathway modules, which recapitulate the main aspects of metabolism, are especially suitable for this type of modeling. We present Metabolizer, a web-based application that offers an intuitive, easy-to-use interactive interface to analyze differences in pathway metabolic module activities that can also be used for class prediction and in silico prediction of knock-out (KO) effects. Moreover, Metabolizer can automatically predict the optimal KO intervention for restoring a diseased phenotype. We provide different types of validations of some of the predictions made by Metabolizer. Metabolizer is a web tool that allows understanding molecular mechanisms of disease or the MoA of drugs within the context of the metabolism by using gene expression measurements. In addition, this tool automatically suggests potential therapeutic targets for individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Amadoz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Igenomix S.L, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Salavert
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pujana
- ProCURE. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Mateo
- ProCURE. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- ProCURE. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Carbonell-Caballero
- Chromatin and Gene expression Lab, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- Functional Genomics Node, INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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168
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Rhee J, Solomon LA, DeKoter RP. A role for ATP Citrate Lyase in cell cycle regulation during myeloid differentiation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 76:82-90. [PMID: 30853332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells into macrophages is accompanied by increased PU.1 concentration and increasing cell cycle length, culminating in cell cycle arrest. Induction of PU.1 expression in a cultured myeloid cell line expressing low PU.1 concentration results in decreased levels of mRNA encoding ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACL) and cell cycle arrest. ACL is an essential enzyme for generating acetyl-CoA, a key metabolite for the first step in fatty acid synthesis and for histone acetylation. We hypothesized that ACL may play a role in cell cycle regulation in the myeloid lineage. In this study, we found that acetyl-CoA or acetate supplementation was sufficient to rescue cell cycle progression in cultured BN cells treated with an ACL inhibitor or induced for PU.1 expression. Acetyl-CoA supplementation was also sufficient to rescue cell cycle progression in BN cells treated with a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor. We demonstrated that acetyl-CoA was utilized in both fatty acid synthesis and histone acetylation pathways to promote proliferation. Finally, we found that Acly mRNA transcript levels decrease during normal macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors. Our results suggest that regulation of ACL activity is a potentially important point of control for cell cycle regulation in the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Rhee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Lauren A Solomon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada.
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169
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Amara CS, Vantaku V, Lotan Y, Putluri N. Recent advances in the metabolomic study of bladder cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:315-324. [PMID: 30773067 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1583105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is a chemical process, involving the characterization of metabolites and cellular metabolism. Recent studies indicate that numerous metabolic pathways are altered in bladder cancer (BLCA), providing potential targets for improved detection and possible therapeutic intervention. We review recent advances in metabolomics related to BLCA and identify various metabolites that may serve as potential biomarkers for BLCA. Areas covered: In this review, we describe the latest advances in defining the BLCA metabolome and discuss the possible clinical utility of metabolic alterations in BLCA tissues, serum, and urine. In addition, we focus on the metabolic alterations associated with tobacco smoke and racial disparity in BLCA. Expert commentary: Metabolomics is a powerful tool which can shed new light on BLCA development and behavior. Key metabolites may serve as possible markers of BLCA. However, prospective validation will be needed to incorporate these markers into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Amara
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Venkatrao Vantaku
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- b Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,c Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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170
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Pandey SK, Yadav S, Goel Y, Singh SM. Cytotoxic action of acetate on tumor cells of thymic origin: Role of MCT-1, pH homeostasis and altered cell survival regulation. Biochimie 2019; 157:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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171
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Nagana Gowda GA, Abell L, Tian R. Extending the Scope of 1H NMR Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Cellular Coenzyme A and Acetyl Coenzyme A. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2464-2471. [PMID: 30608643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) are ubiquitous cellular molecules, which mediate hundreds of anabolic and catabolic reactions including energy metabolism. Highly sensitive methods including absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry enable their analysis, albeit with many limitations. To date, however, NMR spectroscopy has not been used to analyze these important molecules. Building on our recent efforts, which enabled simultaneous analysis of a large number of metabolites in tissue and blood including many coenzymes and antioxidants ( Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 4817-24; ibid 2017, 89, 4620-4627), we describe here a new method for identification and quantitation of CoA and acetyl-CoA ex vivo in tissue. Using mouse heart, kidney, liver, brain, and skeletal tissue, we show that a simple 1H NMR experiment can simultaneously measure these molecules. Identification of the two species involved a comprehensive analysis of the different tissue types using 1D and 2D NMR, in combination with spectral databases for standards, as well as spiking with authentic compounds. Time dependent studies showed that while the acetyl-CoA levels remain unaltered, CoA levels diminish by more than 50% within 24 h, which indicates that CoA is labile in solution; however, degassing the sample with helium gas halted its oxidation. Further, interestingly, we also identified endogenous coenzyme A glutathione disulfide (CoA-S-S-G) in tissue for the first time by NMR and show that CoA, when oxidized in tissue extract, also forms the same disulfide metabolite. The ability to simultaneously visualize absolute concentrations of CoA, acetyl-CoA, and endogenous CoA-S-S-G along with redox coenzymes (NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH), energy coenzymes (ATP, ADP, AMP), antioxidants (GSH, GSSG), and a vast pool of other metabolites using a single 1D NMR spectrum offers a new avenue in the metabolomics field for investigation of cellular function in health and disease.
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172
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Icard P, Fournel L, Wu Z, Alifano M, Lincet H. Interconnection between Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:490-501. [PMID: 30655165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression and division is regulated by checkpoint controls and sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Understanding of how these events occur in synchrony with metabolic changes could have important therapeutic implications. For biosynthesis, cancer cells enhance glucose and glutamine consumption. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes transcription in G1 phase. Glutamine metabolism supports DNA replication in S phase and lipid synthesis in G2 phase. A boost in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism can temporarily furnish more ATP when necessary (G1/S transition, segregation of chromosomes). Recent studies have shown that a few metabolic enzymes [PKM2, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB3), GAPDH] also periodically translocate to the nucleus and oversee cell cycle regulators or oncogene expression (c-Myc). Targeting these metabolic enzymes could increase the response to CDK inhibitors (CKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- CHU de Caen, Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, Caen, F-14000, France; Inserm U1086, BioTICLA axis, Université Caen Normandie, F-14000, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Zherui Wu
- Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
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173
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Shahid M, Lee MY, Piplani H, Andres AM, Zhou B, Yeon A, Kim M, Kim HL, Kim J. Centromere protein F (CENPF), a microtubule binding protein, modulates cancer metabolism by regulating pyruvate kinase M2 phosphorylation signaling. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2802-2818. [PMID: 30526248 PMCID: PMC6343699 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1557496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in North America. Metabolic adaptations in malignant PC cells play a key role in fueling the growth and progression of the disease. Unfortunately, little is known regarding these changes in cellular metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that centromere protein F (CENPF), a protein associated with the centromere-kinetochore complex and chromosomal segregation during mitosis, is mechanically linked to altered metabolism and progression in PC. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we silenced the gene for CENPF in human PC3 cells. These cells were found to have reduced levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing of CENPF also simultaneously improved sensitivity to anoikis-induced apoptosis. Mass spectrometry analysis of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins from CENPF knockout (CENPFKO) and control cells revealed that CENPF silencing increased inactive forms of pyruvate kinase M2, a rate limiting enzyme needed for an irreversible reaction in glycolysis. Furthermore, CENPFKO cells had reduced global bio-energetic capacity, acetyl-CoA production, histone acetylation, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that CENPF is a critical regulator of cancer metabolism, potentially through its effects on mitochondrial functioning. Additional quantitative immunohistochemistry and imaging analyzes on a series of PC tumor microarrays demonstrated that CENPF expression is significantly increased in higher-risk PC patients. Based on these findings, we suggest the CENPF may be an important regulator of PC metabolism through its role in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Honit Piplani
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allen M. Andres
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Austin Yeon
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hyung L. Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Ga Cheon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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174
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Lee SB, Sellers BN, DeNicola GM. The Regulation of NRF2 by Nutrient-Responsive Signaling and Its Role in Anabolic Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1774-1791. [PMID: 28899208 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The stress responsive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, or NRF2, regulates the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes to mitigate oxidative stress under physiological conditions. NRF2 is activated in response to oxidative stress, growth factor signaling, and changes in nutrient status. In addition, somatic mutations that disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated 1 (KEAP1) commonly occur in cancer and are thought to promote tumorigenesis. Recent Advances: While it is well established that aberrant NRF2 activation results in enhanced antioxidant capacity in cancer cells, recent exciting findings demonstrate a role for NRF2-mediated metabolic deregulation that supports cancer cell proliferation. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we describe how the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway is altered in cancer, how NRF2 is regulated by changes in cellular metabolism, and how NRF2 reprograms cellular metabolism to support proliferation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies will delineate the NRF2-regulated processes critical for metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability, cellular proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Bom Lee
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
| | - Brianna N Sellers
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
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175
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Volatilomic insight of head and neck cancer via the effects observed on saliva metabolites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17725. [PMID: 30531924 PMCID: PMC6286361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous malignant disease with distinct global distribution. Metabolic adaptations of HNC are significantly gaining clinical interests nowadays. Here, we investigated effects of HNC on differential expression of volatile metabolites in human saliva. We applied headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of saliva samples collected from 59 human subjects (HNC − 32, Control − 27). We identified and quantified 48 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) and observed profound effects of HNC on these metabolites. These effects were VOM specific and significantly differed in the biologically comparable healthy controls. HNC induced changes in salivary VOM composition were well attributed to in vivo metabolic effects. A panel of 15 VOMs with variable importance in projection (VIP) score >1, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p-value < 0.05 and log2 fold change (log2 FC) value of ≥0.58/≤−0.58 were regarded as discriminatory metabolites of pathophysiological importance. Afterwards, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) projected certain VOMs viz., 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-decanediol, 2,5-bis1,1-dimethylethylphenol and E-3-decen-2-ol with profound metabolic effects of HNC and highest class segregation potential. Moreover, metabolic pathways analysis portrayed several dysregulated pathways in HNC, which enhanced our basic understanding on salivary VOM changes. Our observations could redefine several known/already investigated systemic phenomenons (e.g. biochemical pathways). These findings will inspire further research in this direction and may open unconventional avenues for non-invasive monitoring of HNC and its therapy in the future.
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176
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Lee M, Ko H, Yun M. Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1143-1149. [PMID: 30450847 PMCID: PMC6240564 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various molecular targeted therapies and diagnostic modalities have been developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, HCC still remains a difficult malignancy to cure. Recently, the focus has shifted to cancer metabolism for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers, including HCC. In addition to conventional diagnostics, the measurement of enhanced tumor cell metabolism using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for increased glycolysis or C-11 acetate for fatty acid synthesis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is well established for clinical management of HCC. Unlike tumors displaying the Warburg effect, HCCs vary substantially in terms of 18F-FDG uptake, which considerably reduces the sensitivity for tumor detection. Accordingly, C-11 acetate has been proposed as a complementary radiotracer for detecting tumors that are not identified by 18F-FDG. In addition to HCC diagnosis, since the degree of 18F-FDG uptake converted to standardized uptake value (SUV) correlates well with tumor aggressiveness, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans can predict patient outcomes such as treatment response and survival with an inverse relationship between SUV and survival. The loss of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes plays an important role in promoting HCC development, and might be involved in the "metabolic reprogramming" of cancer cells. Mutations in various genes such as TERT, CTNNB1, TP53, and Axin1 are responsible for the development of HCC. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cancer metabolism are deregulated in HCC, indicating that the modulation of genes/miRNAs might affect HCC growth or metastasis. In this review, we will discuss cancer metabolism as a mechanism for treatment resistance, as well as an attractive potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misu Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Haeyong Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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177
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Tracking acetate through a journey of living world: Evolution as alternative cellular fuel with potential for application in cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2018; 215:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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178
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Kosumi K, Hamada T, Koh H, Borowsky J, Bullman S, Twombly TS, Nevo D, Masugi Y, Liu L, da Silva A, Chen Y, Du C, Gu M, Li C, Li W, Liu H, Shi Y, Mima K, Song M, Nosho K, Nowak JA, Nishihara R, Baba H, Zhang X, Wu K, Wang M, Huttenhower C, Garrett WS, Meyerson ML, Lennerz JK, Giannakis M, Chan AT, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Ogino S. The Amount of Bifidobacterium Genus in Colorectal Carcinoma Tissue in Relation to Tumor Characteristics and Clinical Outcome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2839-2852. [PMID: 30243655 PMCID: PMC6284552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates a complex link between microbiota, tumor characteristics, and host immunity in the tumor microenvironment. In experimental studies, bifidobacteria appear to modulate intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that bifidobacteria may enhance the antitumor immunity and efficacy of immunotherapy. We hypothesized that the amount of bifidobacteria in colorectal carcinoma tissue might be associated with tumor differentiation and higher immune response to colorectal cancer. Using a molecular pathologic epidemiology database of 1313 rectal and colon cancers, we measured the amount of Bifidobacterium DNA in carcinoma tissue by a quantitative PCR assay. The multivariable regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylator phenotype, long-interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Intratumor bifidobacteria were detected in 393 cases (30%). The amount of bifidobacteria was associated with the extent of signet ring cells (P = 0.002). Compared with Bifidobacterium-negative cases, multivariable odd ratios for the extent of signet ring cells were 1.29 (95% CI, 0.74-2.24) for Bifidobacterium-low cases and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.16-3.02) for Bifidobacterium-high cases (Ptrend = 0.01). The association between intratumor bifidobacteria and signet ring cells suggests a possible role of bifidobacteria in determining distinct tumor characteristics or as an indicator of dysfunctional mucosal barrier in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Nevo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunxia Du
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew L Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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179
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Lu S, Wang Y. Nonmetabolic functions of metabolic enzymes in cancer development. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:63. [PMID: 30367676 PMCID: PMC6235390 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental biological process composed of a series of reactions catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the aberrant signaling in cancer cells induces nonmetabolic functions of metabolic enzymes in many instrumental cellular activities, which involve metabolic enzyme-mediated protein post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and succinylation. In the most well-researched literatures, metabolic enzymes phosphorylate proteins rather than their metabolites as substrates. Some metabolic enzymes have altered subcellular localization, which allows their metabolic products to directly participate in nonmetabolic activities. This review discusses how these findings have deepened our understanding on enzymes originally classified as metabolic enzymes, by highlighting the nonmetabolic functions of several metabolic enzymes responsible for the development of cancer, and evaluates the potential for targeting these functions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yugang Wang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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180
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Liu X, Cooper DE, Cluntun AA, Warmoes MO, Zhao S, Reid MA, Liu J, Lund PJ, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Wellen KE, Kirsch DG, Locasale JW. Acetate Production from Glucose and Coupling to Mitochondrial Metabolism in Mammals. Cell 2018; 175:502-513.e13. [PMID: 30245009 PMCID: PMC6173642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetate is a major nutrient that supports acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) metabolism and thus lipogenesis and protein acetylation. However, its source is unclear. Here, we report that pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis and key node in central carbon metabolism, quantitatively generates acetate in mammals. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced in the context of nutritional excess, such as during hyperactive glucose metabolism. Conversion of pyruvate to acetate occurs through two mechanisms: (1) coupling to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (2) neomorphic enzyme activity from keto acid dehydrogenases that enable function as pyruvate decarboxylases. Further, we demonstrate that de novo acetate production sustains Ac-CoA pools and cell proliferation in limited metabolic environments, such as during mitochondrial dysfunction or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) deficiency. By virtue of de novo acetate production being coupled to mitochondrial metabolism, there are numerous possible regulatory mechanisms and links to pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ahmad A Cluntun
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peder J Lund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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181
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Wang T, Yao W, Shao Y, Zheng R, Huang F. PCAF fine-tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5787-5800. [PMID: 30216660 PMCID: PMC6237576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P300/CBP‐associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine‐tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of PCAF in various metabolic and immunological processes in the liver and review these new discoveries and models of PCAF biology in three areas: hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilong Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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182
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Paul A, Kumar S, Raj A, Sonkar AA, Jain S, Singhai A, Roy R. Alteration in lipid composition differentiates breast cancer tissues: a 1H HRMAS NMR metabolomic study. Metabolomics 2018; 14:119. [PMID: 30830375 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequent diagnosed cancer among women with a mortality rate of 15% of all cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in nature and produces plethora of metabolites allowing its early detection using molecular diagnostic techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the variation in metabolic profile of breast cancer focusing on lipids as triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) that may alter in malignant breast tissues and lymph nodes from adjacent benign breast tissues by HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. METHODS The 1H NMR spectra recorded on 173 tissue specimens comprising of breast tumor tissues, adjacent tissues, few lymph nodes and overlying skin tissues obtained from 67 patients suffering from breast cancer. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify metabolites acting as major confounders for differentiation of malignancy. RESULT Reduction in lipid content were observed in malignant breast tissues along with a higher fraction of FFA. Four small molecule metabolites e.g., choline containing compounds (Chocc), taurine, glycine, and glutamate were also identified as major confounders. The test set for prediction provided sensitivity and specificity of more than 90% excluding the lymph nodes and skin tissues. CONCLUSION Fatty acids composition in breast cancer using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is gaining its importance in clinical settings (Coum et al. in Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 29:1-4, 2016). The present study may help in future for precise evaluation of lipid classification including small molecules as a source of early diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma by employing in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Paul
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Anubhav Raj
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Abhinav A Sonkar
- Department of General Surgery, Kings George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, University Road, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Atin Singhai
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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183
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Pantel AR, Ackerman D, Lee SC, Mankoff DA, Gade TP. Imaging Cancer Metabolism: Underlying Biology and Emerging Strategies. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1340-1349. [PMID: 30042161 PMCID: PMC6126440 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a characteristic feature of malignancy that has been exploited for both imaging and targeted therapy. With regard to imaging, deranged glucose metabolism has been leveraged using 18F-FDG PET. Metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG, however, probes only the early steps of glycolysis; the complexities of metabolism beyond these early steps in this single pathway are not directly captured. New imaging technologies-both PET with novel radiotracers and MR-based methods-provide unique opportunities to investigate other aspects of cellular metabolism and expand the metabolic imaging armamentarium. This review will discuss the underlying biology of metabolic dysregulation in cancer, focusing on glucose, glutamine, and acetate metabolism. Novel imaging strategies will be discussed within this biologic framework, highlighting particular strengths and limitations of each technique. Emphasis is placed on the role that combining modalities will play in enabling multiparametric imaging to fully characterize tumor biology to better inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ackerman
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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184
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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185
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The Aspergillus nidulans Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases Are Essential To Integrate Carbon Source Metabolism. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2445-2463. [PMID: 29794164 PMCID: PMC6027865 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), that converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA, is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHK) and phosphatases (PDHP) that have been shown to be important for morphology, pathogenicity and carbon source utilization in different fungal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the role played by the three PDHKs PkpA, PkpB and PkpC in carbon source utilization in the reference filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, in order to unravel regulatory mechanisms which could prove useful for fungal biotechnological and biomedical applications. PkpA and PkpB were shown to be mitochondrial whereas PkpC localized to the mitochondria in a carbon source-dependent manner. Only PkpA was shown to regulate PDH activity. In the presence of glucose, deletion of pkpA and pkpC resulted in reduced glucose utilization, which affected carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and hydrolytic enzyme secretion, due to de-regulated glycolysis and TCA cycle enzyme activities. Furthermore, PkpC was shown to be required for the correct metabolic utilization of cellulose and acetate. PkpC negatively regulated the activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL), required for acetate metabolism. In summary, this study identified PDHKs important for the regulation of central carbon metabolism in the presence of different carbon sources, with effects on the secretion of biotechnologically important enzymes and carbon source-related growth. This work demonstrates how central carbon metabolism can affect a variety of fungal traits and lays a basis for further investigation into these characteristics with potential interest for different applications.
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186
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Patra KC, Kato Y, Mizukami Y, Widholz S, Boukhali M, Revenco I, Grossman EA, Ji F, Sadreyev RI, Liss AS, Screaton RA, Sakamoto K, Ryan DP, Mino-Kenudson M, Castillo CFD, Nomura DK, Haas W, Bardeesy N. Mutant GNAS drives pancreatic tumourigenesis by inducing PKA-mediated SIK suppression and reprogramming lipid metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:811-822. [PMID: 29941929 PMCID: PMC6044476 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein αs (GNAS) mediates receptor-stimulated cAMP signalling, which integrates diverse environmental cues with intracellular responses. GNAS is mutationally activated in multiple tumour types, although its oncogenic mechanisms remain elusive. We explored this question in pancreatic tumourigenesis where concurrent GNAS and KRAS mutations characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) arising from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). By developing genetically engineered mouse models, we show that GnasR201C cooperates with KrasG12D to promote initiation of IPMN, which progress to invasive PDA following Tp53 loss. Mutant Gnas remains critical for tumour maintenance in vivo. This is driven by protein-kinase-A-mediated suppression of salt-inducible kinases (Sik1-3), associated with induction of lipid remodelling and fatty acid oxidation. Comparison of Kras-mutant pancreatic cancer cells with and without Gnas mutations reveals striking differences in the functions of this network. Thus, we uncover Gnas-driven oncogenic mechanisms, identify Siks as potent tumour suppressors, and demonstrate unanticipated metabolic heterogeneity among Kras-mutant pancreatic neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cellular Reprogramming/genetics
- Chromogranins/genetics
- Chromogranins/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Enzyme Repression
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna C Patra
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasutaka Kato
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sebastian Widholz
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iulia Revenco
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grossman
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Chemistry, and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David P Ryan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Del Castillo
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Chemistry, and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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187
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Sun L, Suo C, Li ST, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming for cancer cells and their microenvironment: Beyond the Warburg Effect. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:51-66. [PMID: 29959989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells has long been considered from the standpoint of how and why cancer cells preferentially utilize glucose via aerobic glycolysis, the so-called Warburg Effect, the progress in the following areas during the past several years has substantially advanced our understanding of the rewired metabolic network in cancer cells that is intertwined with oncogenic signaling. First, in addition to the major nutrient substrates glucose and glutamine, cancer cells have been discovered to utilize a variety of unconventional nutrient sources for survival. Second, the deregulated biomass synthesis is intertwined with cell cycle progression to coordinate the accelerated progression of cancer cells. Third, the reciprocal regulation of cancer cell's metabolic alterations and the microenvironment, involving extensive host immune cells and microbiota, have come into view as critical mechanisms to regulate cancer progression. These and other advances are shaping the current and future paradigm of cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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188
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Luo Z, Tian H, Liu L, Chen Z, Liang R, Chen Z, Wu Z, Ma A, Zheng M, Cai L. Tumor-targeted hybrid protein oxygen carrier to simultaneously enhance hypoxia-dampened chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy at a single dose. Theranostics 2018; 8:3584-3596. [PMID: 30026868 PMCID: PMC6037038 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors and an important causation of resistance to chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is challenging to develop efficient functional nanomaterials for tumor oxygenation and therapeutic applications. Methods: Through disulfide reconfiguration to hybridize hemoglobin and albumin, tumor-targeted hybrid protein oxygen carriers (HPOCs) were fabricated, serving as nanomedicines for precise tumor oxygenation and simultaneous enhancement of hypoxia-dampened chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Based on encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) into HPOCs to form ODC-HPOCs, the mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-enhanced chemo-PDT was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The precise oxygen preservation and release of the HPOC guaranteed sufficient tumor oxygenation, which is able to break hypoxia-induced chemoresistance by downregulating the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), resulting in minimized cellular efflux of chemodrug. Moreover, the oxygen supply is fully exploited for upgrading the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the photodynamic process. As a result, only a single-dose treatment of the HPOCs-based chemo-PDT exhibited superior tumor suppression. The combination therapy was guided by in vivo fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging with nanoparticle tracking and oxygen monitoring. Conclusion: This well-defined HPOC as a versatile nanosystem is expected to pave a new way for breaking multiple hypoxia-induced therapeutic resistances to achieve highly effective treatment of solid tumors.
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189
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Wen H, Lee S, Zhu WG, Lee OJ, Yun SJ, Kim J, Park S. Glucose-derived acetate and ACSS2 as key players in cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:413-421. [PMID: 29883801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent against metastatic bladder cancer, but resistance often limits its usage. With the recent recognition of lipid metabolic alterations in bladder cancers, we studied the metabolic implications of cisplatin resistance using cisplatin-sensitive (T24S) and resistant (T24R) bladder cancer cells. Real-time live metabolomics revealed that T24R cells consume more glucose, leading to higher production of glucose-derived acetate and fatty acids. Along with the activation of general metabolic regulators, enzymes involved in acetate usage (ACSS2) and fatty acid synthesis (ACC) and a precursor for fatty acid synthesis (acetyl-CoA) were elevated in T24R cells. Consistently, metabolic analysis with 13C isotope revealed that T24R cells preferred glucose to acetate as the exogenous carbon source for the increased fatty acid synthesis, contrary to T24S cells. In addition, ACSS2, rather than the well-established ACLY, was the key enzyme that supplies acetyl-CoA in T24R cells through glucose-derived endogenous acetate. The relevance of ACSS2 in cisplatin resistance was further confirmed by the abrogation of resistance by an ACSS2 inhibitor and, finally, by the higher expression of ACSS2 in the patient tissues with cisplatin resistance. Our results may help improve the treatment options for chemoresistant bladder cancer patients and provide possible vulnerability targets to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sujin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-711, South Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-711, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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190
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Rossi P, Difrancia R, Quagliariello V, Savino E, Tralongo P, Randazzo CL, Berretta M. B-glucans from Grifola frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer: an example of complementary and integrative medicine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24837-24856. [PMID: 29872510 PMCID: PMC5973856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary and medicinal mushrooms are widely used in Asian countries, both as dietary supplements and as nutraceutical foods. They have recently become popular in Europe, as well, for their nutritional and health benefits. In particular, epidemiological studies conducted in Asia suggest that mushroom intake, together with other phytotherapy substances, protects against cancer, specifically gastrointestinal (GI) and breast cancers. Most of the data come from in vitro studies and in vivo experimental animal models. Therefore, in order to translate the updated knowledge to clinical research (i.e., from bench to bedside) a systematic translational research program should be initiated. Future randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of G. frondosa and G. lucidum on conventional treatment outcomes are warranted. The purpose of this review was to describe the emerging mechanisms of action of the mushrooms' anticancer functions which makes their use in clinical practice so promising. Clinical effects of mycotherapy (specifically, the use of Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa) on long-term survival, tumor response, host immune functions, inflammation, and QoL in cancer patients were also addressed. Adverse events associated with mycotherapy were also investigated. Emerging data point to a potential role of G. lucidum for modulating the carcinogenic potential of GI microbiota, which suggests a new complementary and integrated approach to breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy
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191
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Biancur DE, Kimmelman AC. The plasticity of pancreatic cancer metabolism in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:67-75. [PMID: 29702208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive cancer that is highly refractory to the current standards of care. The difficulty in treating this disease is due to a number of different factors, including altered metabolism. In PDA, the metabolic rewiring favors anabolic reactions which supply the cancer cell with necessary cellular building blocks for unconstrained growth. Furthermore, PDA cells display high levels of basal autophagy and macropinocytosis. KRAS is the driving oncogene in PDA and many of the metabolic changes are downstream of its activation. Together, these unique pathways for nutrient utilization and acquisition result in metabolic plasticity enabling cells to rapidly adapt to nutrient and oxygen fluctuations. This remarkable adaptability has been implicated as a cause of the intense therapeutic resistance. In this review, we discuss metabolic pathways in PDA tumors and highlight how they contribute to the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Biancur
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Medical School, New York 10016, NY, United States
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Medical School, New York 10016, NY, United States.
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192
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Lee JV, Berry CT, Kim K, Sen P, Kim T, Carrer A, Trefely S, Zhao S, Fernandez S, Barney LE, Schwartz AD, Peyton SR, Snyder NW, Berger SL, Freedman BD, Wellen KE. Acetyl-CoA promotes glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration through Ca 2+-NFAT signaling. Genes Dev 2018; 32:497-511. [PMID: 29674394 PMCID: PMC5959234 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311027.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lee et al. investigated the molecular mechanisms by which acetyl-CoA production impacts gene expression and how acetyl-CoA promotes malignant phenotypes. Their findings show that acetyl-CoA can enhance H3K27ac in a locus-specific manner and that expression of cell adhesion genes is driven by acetyl-CoA in part through activation of Ca2+–NFAT signaling. The metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is the required acetyl donor for lysine acetylation and thereby links metabolism, signaling, and epigenetics. Nutrient availability alters acetyl-CoA levels in cancer cells, correlating with changes in global histone acetylation and gene expression. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which acetyl-CoA production impacts gene expression and its functional roles in promoting malignant phenotypes are poorly understood. Here, using histone H3 Lys27 acetylation (H3K27ac) ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] coupled with next-generation sequencing) with normalization to an exogenous reference genome (ChIP-Rx), we found that changes in acetyl-CoA abundance trigger site-specific regulation of H3K27ac, correlating with gene expression as opposed to uniformly modulating this mark at all genes. Genes involved in integrin signaling and cell adhesion were identified as acetyl-CoA-responsive in glioblastoma cells, and we demonstrate that ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent acetyl-CoA production promotes cell migration and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, the transcription factor NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) was found to mediate acetyl-CoA-dependent gene regulation and cell adhesion. This occurs through modulation of Ca2+ signals, triggering NFAT1 nuclear translocation when acetyl-CoA is abundant. The findings of this study thus establish that acetyl-CoA impacts H3K27ac at specific loci, correlating with gene expression, and that expression of cell adhesion genes are driven by acetyl-CoA in part through activation of Ca2+–NFAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karla Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Taehyong Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sully Fernandez
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lauren E Barney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alyssa D Schwartz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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193
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Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Introduction to the Virtual Issue Alcohol and Epigenetic Regulation: Do the Products of Alcohol Metabolism Drive Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression in Alcohol-Related Disorders? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018. [PMID: 29532481 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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194
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Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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195
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Grunt TW. Interacting Cancer Machineries: Cell Signaling, Lipid Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:86-98. [PMID: 29203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific perturbations of signaling, metabolism, and epigenetics can be a cause and/or consequence of malignant transformation. Evidence indicates that these regulatory systems interact with each other to form highly flexible and robust cybernetic networks that promote malignant growth and confer treatment resistance. Deciphering these plexuses using holistic approaches known from systems biology can be instructive for the future design of novel anticancer strategies. In this review, I discuss novel findings elucidating the multiple molecular interdependence among cancer-specific signaling, cell metabolism, and epigenetics to provide an insightful understanding of how major cancer machineries interact with each other during cancer development and progression, and how this knowledge may be used for future co-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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196
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP. Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9719584. [PMID: 29643982 PMCID: PMC5831951 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9719584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are different types of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress sources that trigger inflammation. Much information indicates that high intakes of macronutrients can promote oxidative stress and subsequently contribute to inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B- (NF-κB-) mediated cell signaling pathways. Dietary carbohydrates, animal-based proteins, and fats are important to highlight here because they may contribute to the long-term consequences of nutritionally mediated inflammation. Oxidative stress is a central player of metabolic ailments associated with high-carbohydrate and animal-based protein diets and excessive fat consumption. Obesity has become an epidemic and represents the major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, this review aimed to explore how dietary choices exacerbate or dampen the oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discussed the implications of oxidative stress in the adipocyte and glucose metabolism and obesity-associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Taken together, a better understanding of the role of oxidative stress in obesity and the development of obesity-related NCDs would provide a useful approach. This is because oxidative stress can be mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, hence providing a plausible means for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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197
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Fijten RRR, Smolinska A, Shi Q, Pachen DM, Dallinga JW, Boots AW, van Schooten FJ. Exposure to genotoxic compounds alters in vitro cellular VOC excretion. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027101. [PMID: 28972195 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic carcinogens significantly damage cells and tissues by targeting macromolecules such as proteins and DNA, but their mechanisms of action and effects on human health are diverse. Consequently, determining the amount of exposure to a carcinogen and its cellular effects is essential, yet difficult. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the potential of detecting alterations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles in the in vitro headspace of pulmonary cells after exposure to the genotoxic carcinogens cisplatin and benzo[a]pyrene using two different sampling set-ups. A prototype set-up was used for the cisplatin exposure, whereas a modified set-up was utilized for the benzo[a]pyrene exposure. Both carcinogens were added to the cell medium for 24 h. The headspace in the culture flask was sampled to measure the VOC content using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Eight cisplatin-specific VOCs and six benzo[a]pyrene-specific VOCs were discriminatory between treated and non-treated cells. Since the in vivo biological effects of both genotoxic compounds are well-defined, the origin of the identified VOCs could potentially be traced back to common cellular processes including cell cycle pathways, DNA damage and repair. These results indicate that exposing lung cells to genotoxins alters headspace VOC profiles, suggesting that it might be possible to monitor VOC changes in vivo to study drug efficacy or exposure to different pollutants. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the innovative potential of in vitro VOCs experiments to determine their in vivo applicability and discover their endogenous origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R R Fijten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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198
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Kretschmer M, Lambie S, Croll D, Kronstad JW. Acetate provokes mitochondrial stress and cell death in Ustilago maydis. Mol Microbiol 2018; 107:488-507. [PMID: 29235175 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis causes disease on maize by mating to establish an infectious filamentous cell type that invades the host and induces tumours. We previously found that β-oxidation mutants were defective in virulence and did not grow on acetate. Here, we demonstrate that acetate inhibits filamentation during mating and in response to oleic acid. We therefore examined the influence of different carbon sources by comparing the transcriptomes of cells grown on acetate, oleic acid or glucose, with expression changes for the fungus during tumour formation in planta. Guided by the transcriptional profiling, we found that acetate negatively influenced resistance to stress, promoted the formation of reactive oxygen species, triggered cell death in stationary phase and impaired virulence on maize. We also found that acetate induced mitochondrial stress by interfering with mitochondrial functions. Notably, the disruption of oxygen perception or inhibition of the electron transport chain also influenced filamentation and mating. Finally, we made use of the connections between acetate and β-oxidation to test metabolic inhibitors for an influence on growth and virulence. These experiments identified diclofenac as a potential inhibitor of virulence. Overall, these findings support the possibility of targeting mitochondrial metabolic functions to control fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kretschmer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Lambie
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel Croll
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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199
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Liu H, Wang J, He T, Becker S, Zhang G, Li D, Ma X. Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health? Adv Nutr 2018; 9:21-29. [PMID: 29438462 PMCID: PMC6333934 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and absorption by colonocytes have been well documented. Butyrate exerts its functions by acting as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor or signaling through several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recently, butyrate has received particular attention for its beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and energy metabolism. With anti-inflammatory properties, butyrate enhances intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. However, the role of butyrate in obesity remains controversial. Growing evidence has highlighted the impact of butyrate on the gut-brain axis. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the properties of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sage Becker
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Address correspondence to XM (e-mail: )
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200
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Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE. Spatiotemporal Control of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Chromatin Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:61-74. [PMID: 29174173 PMCID: PMC5741483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is sensitive to the availability of metabolites that serve as substrates of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone acetylation, and gene regulation have been documented, although how specificity in gene regulation is achieved by a metabolite has been challenging to answer. Recent studies suggest that acetyl-CoA metabolism is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally to elicit responses to nutrient availability and signaling cues. Here we discuss evidence that acetyl-CoA production is differentially regulated in the nucleus and cytosol of mammalian cells. Recent findings indicate that acetyl-CoA availability for site-specific histone acetylation is influenced through post-translational modification of acetyl-CoA-producing enzymes, as well as through dynamic regulation of the nuclear localization and chromatin recruitment of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Isabella Viney
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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