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Roberts LB, Kapoor P, Howard JK, Shah AM, Lord GM. An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2434-2449. [PMID: 33483751 PMCID: PMC8562329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several 'immuno-miRNAs' appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated-and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Puja Kapoor
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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152
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Abdelaleem OO, Fouad NA, Shaker OG, Ahmed TI, Abdelghaffar NK, Eid HM, Mohamed AA, Elebiary AM, Mohamed MM, Mahmoud RH. Serum miR-224, miR-760, miR-483-5p, miR-378 and miR-375 as potential novel biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14651. [PMID: 34310809 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects various tissues and organs mainly joints. Serum microRNAs are considered a new class of non-coding RNA which plays a vital role in pathogenesis of RA. METHODS The current study was conducted on 80 RA patients and 80 healthy participants. Serum expression levels of miR-224, miR-760, miR-483-5p, miR-378 and miR-375 were evaluated via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Significant upregulation of miR-224, miR-760, miR-483-5p, miR-378 and miR-375 was reported in the present study with respect to the control group (P = .031, P = .017, P = .026, P = .036 and P = .05, respectively). Furthermore, significant positive correlation between the abovementioned microRNAs with DAS28 score (P < .001, each) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Early detection of RA could be achieved through evaluation of serum expression of miR-224, miR-760, miR-483-5p, miR-378 and miR-375 which also may be used as targets for treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma O Abdelaleem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Fouad
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek I Ahmed
- Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Noha K Abdelghaffar
- Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Eid
- Department of Medical microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahmaan A Mohamed
- Department of Medical microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Magdy Elebiary
- Department of Medical physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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153
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Zhao S, Zhu L, Feng W, Zhang L, Chen DD, Hu YC, Shen H. MicroRNA-602 prevents the development of inflammatory bowel diseases in a microbiota-dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1373. [PMID: 34659519 PMCID: PMC8515559 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic disorders occurring in the intestinal tract. Previous studies demonstrated that genetics and microbiota play critical roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. Discoveries of genes that may regulate the homeostasis of gut microbiota and pathogenesis of IBD have the potential to provide new therapeutic targets for IBD treatment. The results suggested that the expression level of microRNA (miR)-602 is negatively related to the development of IBD, and that miR-602 overexpression in mice may prevent inflammation and intestinal barrier injuries in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice. It was also found that the microbiota is important for miR-602-mediated prevention of IBD, as the inhibitory effect of miR-602 was lost when the microbiota was depleted using antibiotics. Furthermore, co-housing or adoptive transfer of microbiota from miR-602 could attenuate the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, it was demonstrated that miR-602 could target tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in intestinal epithelial cells. Collectively, the present results suggest that miR-602 plays a protective role in DSS-induced IBD by targeting TRAF6 in a microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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154
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Grimaldi A, Pietropaolo G, Stabile H, Kosta A, Capuano C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Sciumè G, Fionda C. The Regulatory Activity of Noncoding RNAs in ILCs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102742. [PMID: 34685721 PMCID: PMC8534545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes playing essential functions in protection against microbial infections and participate in both homeostatic and pathological contexts, including tissue remodeling, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. A number of lineage-defining transcription factors concurs to establish transcriptional networks which determine the identity and the activity of the distinct ILC subsets. However, the contribution of other regulatory molecules in controlling ILC development and function is also recently emerging. In this regard, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent key elements of the complex regulatory network of ILC biology and host protection. ncRNAs mostly lack protein-coding potential, but they are endowed with a relevant regulatory activity in immune and nonimmune cells because of their ability to control chromatin structure, RNA stability, and/or protein synthesis. Herein, we summarize recent studies describing how distinct types of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, act in the context of ILC biology. In particular, we comment on how ncRNAs can exert key effects in ILCs by controlling gene expression in a cell- or state-specific manner and how this tunes distinct functional outputs in ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Grimaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Kosta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649255118; Fax: +39-0644340632
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155
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Abbasian S, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Khabbazi A, Farzaneh R, Malek Mahdavi A, Motavalli R, Hajialilo M, Yousefi M. Nanocurcumin supplementation ameliorates Behcet's disease by modulating regulatory T cells: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108237. [PMID: 34653732 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current research was designed to assess the effects of nanocurcumin supplementation on regulatory T (Treg) cells frequency and function in Behçet's disease (BD). In this randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, 36 BD subjects were randomly put into two groups to take one 80 mg nanocurcumin capsule or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Before and after trial, disease activity, Treg cells frequency and expression of related immunologic parameters including forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) transcription factor messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miRNA-25 and miRNA-106b as well as cytokines including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10 were studied. Thirty-two patients (17 in the nanocurcumin and 15 in the placebo groups) completed the trial. Treg cells frequency increased significantly in the nanocurcumin group compared with baseline (P < 0.001) and placebo group (P < 0.001). Moreover, FoxP3, TGF-β, IL-10, miRNA-25, and miRNA-106b mRNA expression levels increased considerably in the nanocurcumin group compared to baseline (P < 0.001) and placebo group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.025, P = 0.011, and P < 0.001, respectively). Significant increases in serum TGF-β and IL-10 were seen in nanocurcumin group compared with baseline (P < 0.001) and placebo group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Significant decrease in disease activity was found in nanocurcumin group compared with placebo group (P = 0.044). Our study provided a promising view for desirable effects of nanocurcumin supplementation in improving immunological parameters and disease activity in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Abbasian
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rojin Farzaneh
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Hajialilo
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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156
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MicroRNA-324-3p Plays A Protective Role Against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1585-1599. [PMID: 34632544 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium associated with heart failure, which is caused by common viral infections. A majority of the infections are initiated by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a major role in various biological processes, including gene expression, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as viral infection and antiviral immune responses. Although, miRNAs have been found to regulate viral infections, their role in CVB3 infection remains poorly understood. In the previous study, miRNA microarray results showed that miR-324-3p expression levels were significantly increased when cells and mice were infected with CVB3. It was also found that miR-324-3p downregulated TRIM27 and decreased CVB3 replication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, analysis of downstream signaling of TRIM27 revealed that, miR-324-3p inhibited CVB3 infection, and reduced cytopathic effect and viral plaque formation by reducing the expression of TRIM27. In vivo, miR-324-3p decreased the expression of TRIM27, reduced cardiac viral replication and load, thereby strongly attenuating cardiac injury and inflammation. Taken together, this study suggests that miR-324-3p targets TRIM27 to inhibit CVB3 replication and viral load, thereby reducing the cardiac injury associated with VM.
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157
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Li L, Feng T, Zhou W, Liu Y, Li H. miRNAs in decidual NK cells: regulators worthy of attention during pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:150. [PMID: 34600537 PMCID: PMC8486626 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical immune effectors, including T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages participate in regulating immune responses during pregnancy. Among these immune cells, decidual NK (dNK) cells are involved in key placental development processes at the maternal-fetal interface, such as uterine spiral artery remodeling, trophoblast invasion, and decidualization. Mechanistically, dNK cells significantly influence pregnancy outcome by secreting cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic mediators and by their interactions with trophoblasts and other decidual cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that participate in the initiation and progression of human diseases. Although the functions of circulating miRNAs in pathological mechanism has been extensively studied, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in NK cells, especially in dNK cells, have been rarely reported. In this review, we analyze the effects of miRNA regulations of dNK cell functions on the immune system during gestation. We discuss aberrant expressions of certain miRNAs in dNK cells that may lead to pathological consequences, such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Interestingly, miRNA expression patterns are also different between dNK cells and peripheral NK (pNK) cells, and pNK cells in the first- and third-trimester of gestation. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal regulatory role in driving immune functions of dNK and pNK cells. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in dNK cells may provide new insights into the development of therapeutics to prevent pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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158
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Hu T, Wei L, Li S, Cheng T, Zhang X, Wang X. Single-cell Transcriptomes Reveal Characteristics of MicroRNA in Gene Expression Noise Reduction. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:394-407. [PMID: 34606979 PMCID: PMC8864250 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isogenic cells growing in identical environments show cell-to-cell variations because of the stochasticity in gene expression. High levels of variation or noise can disrupt robust gene expression and result in tremendous consequences for cell behaviors. In this work, we showed evidence from single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis that microRNAs (miRNAs) can reduce gene expression noise at the mRNA level in mouse cells. We identified that the miRNA expression level, number of targets, target pool abundance, and miRNA–target interaction strength are the key features contributing to noise repression. miRNAs tend to work together in cooperative subnetworks to repress target noise synergistically in a cell type-specific manner. By building a physical model of post-transcriptional regulation and observing in synthetic gene circuits, we demonstrated that accelerated degradation with elevated transcriptional activation of the miRNA target provides resistance to extrinsic fluctuations. Together, through the integrated analysis of single-cell RNA and miRNA expression profiles, we demonstrated that miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators for reducing gene expression noise and conferring robustness to biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuailin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianrun Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaowo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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159
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Bost JP, Barriga H, Holme MN, Gallud A, Maugeri M, Gupta D, Lehto T, Valadi H, Esbjörner EK, Stevens MM, El-Andaloussi S. Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13993-14021. [PMID: 34505766 PMCID: PMC8482762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15-30 bp) nucleotide-based therapeutics which are capable of targeting DNA and RNA as well as other biomolecules. ONs can be subdivided into several classes based on their chemical modifications and on the mechanisms of their target interactions. Historically, the largest hindrance to the widespread usage of ON therapeutics has been their inability to effectively internalize into cells and escape from endosomes to reach their molecular targets in the cytosol or nucleus. While cell uptake has been improved, "endosomal escape" remains a significant problem. There are a range of approaches to overcome this, and in this review, we focus on three: altering the chemical structure of the ONs, formulating synthetic, lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate the ONs, or biologically loading the ONs into extracellular vesicles. This review provides a background to the design and mode of action of existing FDA-approved ONs. It presents the most common ON classifications and chemical modifications from a fundamental scientific perspective and provides a roadmap of the cellular uptake pathways by which ONs are trafficked. Finally, this review delves into each of the above-mentioned approaches to ON delivery, highlighting the scientific principles behind each and covering recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Hanna Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
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160
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gga-miR-142-3p negatively regulates Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS strain)-induced inflammatory cytokine production via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling by targeting TAB2. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1217-1231. [PMID: 34554275 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a notorious avian pathogen, leads to considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. MG infection is characterized by severe, uncontrollable inflammation and host DNA damage. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in microbial pathogenesis. However, the role of miRNAs in MG infection is poorly characterized. In this study, we validated the functional roles of gga-miR-142-3p. METHODS The relative expression of gga-miR-142-3p in the lungs of the MG-infected chicken embryos and the MG-infected chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line (DF-1) was determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Bioinformatics database was used to analysis the target gene of gga-miR-142-3p. The luciferase reporter assay as well as gene expression analysis were conducted to validate the target gene. To further explore the biological functions of gga-miR-142-3p upon MG infection, the cell proliferation was quantified using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Meanwhile, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured using a flow cytometer. RESULTS gga-miR-142-3p was significantly upregulated in both MG-infected chicken-embryo lungs and the DF-1 cells. gga-miR-142-3p over expression significantly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha after MG infection. Meanwhile, gga-miR-142-3p enhanced the host defense against MG infection by facilitating cell proliferation, promoting cell progression and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Interestingly, TAB2 knockdown groups show similar results, whereas, TAB2 over-expression groups and gga-miR-142-3p inhibitor groups had thoroughly opposite results. The expression of p-p65 in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p-p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was decreased when gga-miR-142-3p was over-expressed. CONCLUSION Upon MG infection, upregulation of gga-miR-142-3p alleviates inflammation by negatively regulating the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPKs by targeting TAB2 and facilitates cell proliferation by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell cycle progression to defend against MG infection.
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Jiang S, Meng Y, Song X, Zhao L, Zou L, Li M, Yu T. Targeting non-coding RNAs in unstable atherosclerotic plaques: Mechanism, regulation, possibilities, and limitations. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3413-3427. [PMID: 34512156 PMCID: PMC8416736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by arteriosclerosis are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the late stages of atherosclerosis, the atherosclerotic plaque gradually expands in the blood vessels, resulting in vascular stenosis. When the unstable plaque ruptures and falls off, it blocks the vessel causing vascular thrombosis, leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and a series of other serious diseases that endanger people's lives. Therefore, regulating plaque stability is the main means used to address the high mortality associated with CVDs. The progression of the atherosclerotic plaque is a complex integration of vascular cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and neovascular infiltration. More recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the pathophysiological process of atherosclerotic plaque formation by affecting the biological functions of the vasculature and its associated cells. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, discuss the limitations of current approaches to treat plaque instability, and highlight the potential clinical value of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies to improve plaque stability and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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162
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Kumar P, Zadjali F, Yao Y, Bissler JJ. Renal cystic disease in tuberous sclerosis complex. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2111-2117. [PMID: 34488473 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211038378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations resulting in hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway. This mTORC1 activation is associated with abnormal tissue development and proliferation such that in the kidney there are both solid tumors and cystic lesions. This review summarizes recent advances in tuberous sclerosis complex nephrology and focuses on the genetics and cell biology of tuberous sclerosis complex renal disease, highlighting a role of extracellular vesicles and the innate immune system in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, PC 123, Oman
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John J Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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163
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Pan XY, Wang L, You HM, Cheng M, Yang Y, Huang C, Li J. Alternative activation of macrophages by prostacyclin synthase ameliorates alcohol induced liver injury. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1210-1224. [PMID: 34112940 PMCID: PMC8367821 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Macrophages exhibit different functional states and are classified as classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. However, the mechanisms that govern M1/M2 polarization in chronic ALD remain to be elucidated. Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PTGIS) is an enzyme of the prostaglandin pathway which catalyzes the conversion of Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGI2. PTGIS has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the function of PTGIS in ALD has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PTGIS was downregulated in ALD and forced PTGIS expression in vivo using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector-packed PTGIS overexpression plasmid, which alleviated the inflammatory response and suppressed the macrophage M1 phenotype in mice. Loss- and gain-of function-experiments demonstrated that forced PTGIS expression inhibited the macrophage switch to the M1 phenotype and promoted M2 polarization. Furthermore, we identified the genes regulated by PTGIS through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that PTGIS regulates many genes involved in the immune response and is enriched in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway, which plays an important role in regulating macrophage polarization. The proteins interacting with JAKs were predicted using the STRING database. The overlap between the RNA-seq and the STRING database was interleukin-6; this indicated that it was involved in macrophage polarization regulated by JAK/STAT signaling. We further explored the microRNAs that could regulate the expression of PTGIS through TargetScan. The results of luciferase assay illustrated that the expression of PTGIS was regulated by miR-140-3p.1. These results imply that PTGIS plays a pivotal role in ALD, partly by influencing macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Mei You
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have been well documented in autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), in particular, have long intrigued scientists in the field of autoimmunity. Owing to its central role in the development of the immune system, microRNA-155 (miR-155) is deeply involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the advancements made in treating SLE, the disease still remains incurable. Therefore, recent attention has been drawn to the manipulation of epigenetics in the development of curative treatments. In fact, it is a widely held view that miRNA-targeted therapy is a new glimmer of hope in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the duplicity of miRNAs should not be overlooked. A single miRNA can target several mRNAs, and some mRNAs may possess opposing functions. In this review, we highlight the role of miR-155 as a biomarker and review its functions in SLE patients and animal models while discussing possible reasons behind inconsistencies across studies.
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165
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Kazemi S, Mirzaei R, Sholeh M, Karampoor S, Keramat F, Saidijam M, Alikhani MY. microRNAs in human brucellosis: A promising therapeutic approach and biomarker for diagnosis and treatment. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1209-1218. [PMID: 34449979 PMCID: PMC8589381 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Human brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with up to 500,000 new cases each year. The major evasion mechanisms from the host immune system by Brucella are restraint of complement pathway and Toll‐like receptors signaling pathways, interference with efficient antigen presentation to CD4‐positive T lymphocytes, selective subversion of autophagy pathways, inhibition of dendritic cell stimulation, inhibition of autophagolysosomal fusion, and macrophage apoptosis. Many molecular and cellular pathways contribute to brucellosis that microRNAs have a vital function in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In this regard, these molecules apply for their roles by modulating various events like inflammatory reactions and immune defense. Recently, in the case of immunity to human brucellosis, it has been shown that microRNAs play an important role in immunity against these bacteria. Methods and Results In this study, we tried to review the immune defense and immunopathogenesis of Brucella infection and highlight the current knowledge of the microRNAs in infected cells by Brucella pathogens. The recent findings suggest that the regulation of microRNAs expression is impaired during brucellosis infection, which may contribute to disease progression or inhibition by modulating immune responses against this pathogen. Conclusions The interplay between miRNAs and Brucella pathogens and the underlying process required comprehensive examination to unravel the novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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166
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Tang H, Yuan S, Chen T, Ji P. Development of an immune-related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competing endogenous RNA in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1470-1479. [PMID: 34409632 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and immune response and to construct an immune-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles in gingival tissues were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to establish an immune-related ceRNA network. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed to detect the biological processes in which the ceRNA network might be involved. RESULTS A combined classification model involving seven lncRNAs was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed satisfactory classification ability of the established model. Further analysis revealed that the screened lncRNAs were significantly correlated with patient immunity. Finally, an immune-related ceRNA network was constructed based on the lncRNA MIAT, miR-1246, miR-1260b, miR-3652, miR-4286, and 27 mRNAs. Accordingly, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that this network is closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of B cells. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA MIAT and the MIAT-based ceRNA network may be instrumental in regulating the immune response, especially of B cells, during the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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167
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Gokhale NS, Smith JR, Van Gelder RD, Savan R. RNA regulatory mechanisms that control antiviral innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:77-96. [PMID: 34405416 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
From the initial sensing of viral nucleotides by pattern recognition receptors, through the induction of type I and III interferons (IFN), upregulation of antiviral effector proteins, and resolution of the inflammatory response, each step of innate immune signaling is under tight control. Though innate immunity is often associated with broad regulation at the level of gene transcription, RNA-centric post-transcriptional processes have emerged as critical mechanisms for ensuring a proper antiviral response. Here, we explore the diverse RNA regulatory mechanisms that modulate the innate antiviral immune response, with a focus on RNA sensing by RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), interferon (IFN) and IFN signaling pathways, viral pathogenesis, and host genetic variation that contributes to these processes. We address the post-transcriptional interactions with RNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNAs, transcript elements, and modifications that control mRNA stability, as well as alternative splicing events that modulate the innate immune antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan S Gokhale
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julian R Smith
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel D Van Gelder
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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168
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Host genetic control of natural killer cell diversity revealed in the Collaborative Cross. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018834118. [PMID: 33649222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018834118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effectors armed with cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting capacities whose spontaneous antitumor activity is key to numerous immunotherapeutic strategies. However, current mouse models fail to mirror the extensive immune system variation that exists in the human population which may impact on NK cell-based therapies. We performed a comprehensive profiling of NK cells in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a collection of novel recombinant inbred mouse strains whose genetic diversity matches that of humans, thereby providing a unique and highly diverse small animal model for the study of immune variation. We demonstrate that NK cells from CC strains displayed a breadth of phenotypic and functional variation reminiscent of that reported for humans with regards to cell numbers, key marker expression, and functional capacities. We took advantage of the vast genetic diversity of the CC and identified nine genomic loci through quantitative trait locus mapping driving these phenotypic variations. SNP haplotype patterns and variant effect analyses identified candidate genes associated with lung NK cell numbers, frequencies of CD94+ NK cells, and expression levels of NKp46. Thus, we demonstrate that the CC represents an outstanding resource to study NK cell diversity and its regulation by host genetics.
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169
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Zurawska AE, Mycko MP, Selmaj I, Raine CS, Selmaj KW. Multiple Sclerosis: circRNA Profile Defined Reveals Links to B-Cell Function. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/5/e1041. [PMID: 34385287 PMCID: PMC8382489 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the total circular RNA (circRNA) profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Hybridization microarray was used to define the circRNA profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 untreated patients with RRMS (10 in relapse and 10 in remission) and 10 HCs. We analyzed close to 14,000 individual circRNAs per sample. The discovery set data were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR with an independent cohort of 47 patients with RRMS (19 in relapse and 28 in remission) and 27 HCs. Results Microarray analysis revealed 914 transcripts to be differentially expressed between patients with RRMS in relapse and HCs (p < 0.05). We validated 3 circRNAs from 5 showing highest levels of differential expression in the RRMS relapse vs HC group: hsa_circRNA_101348, hsa_circRNA_102611, and hsa_circRNA_104361. Their expression was significantly increased during relapse in RRMS (p = 0.0002, FC = 2.9; p = 0.01, FC = 1.6; and p = 0.001, FC = 1.5, respectively) and in patients showing gadolinium enhancement on brain MRI (hsa_circRNA_101348, p = 0.0039, FC = 2.4; hsa_circRNA_104361, p = 0.029, FC = 1.7). Bioinformatic analysis revealed 15 microRNAs interacting with these circRNAs in a complementary manner and led to the discovery and validation of 3 protein-coding RNAs upregulated in patients with RRMS during relapse. Two of these, AK2 and IKZF3, have previously been implicated in B-cell function. Discussion circRNAs display a distinct profile in PBMCs from patients with RRMS, and our results may implicate circRNA in the known disturbed B-cell activity in RRMS and thus represent a novel biomarker for monitoring relapse activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Zurawska
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Marcin P Mycko
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Igor Selmaj
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY.
| | - Cedric S Raine
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY
| | - Krzysztof W Selmaj
- From the Department of Neurology (A.E.Z., M.P.M., K.W.S.), University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn; Center for Neurology (I.S., K.W.S.), Lodz; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.S.R.), Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Bronx, NY.
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170
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Monastirioti A, Papadaki C, Rounis K, Kalapanida D, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. A Prognostic Role for Circulating microRNAs Involved in Macrophage Polarization in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081988. [PMID: 34440757 PMCID: PMC8391493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of the crosstalk between tumor cells and immune response. In the present study, miRNAs (let-7c, miR-26a, miR-30d, miR-98, miR-195, miR-202) reported to be involved in the polarization of macrophages were examined for associations with the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (N = 125) treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. RT-qPCR was used to analyze miRNA expression levels in the plasma of patients prior to treatment. In our results, disease progression was correlated with high miR-202 expression (HR: 2.335; p = 0.040). Additionally, high miR-202 expression was characterized as an independent prognostic factor for shorter progression-free survival (PFS, HR: 1.564; p = 0.021) and overall survival (OS, HR: 1.558; p = 0.024). Moreover, high miR-202 independently predicted shorter OS (HR: 1.989; p = 0.008) in the non-squamous (non-SqCC) subgroup, and high miR-26a was correlated with shorter OS in the squamous (SqCC) subgroup (10.07 vs. 13.53 months, p = 0.033). The results of the present study propose that the expression levels of circulating miRNAs involved in macrophage polarization are correlated with survival measures in NSCLC patients, and their role as potential biomarkers merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Monastirioti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.M.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.M.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Rounis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.M.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.M.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.R.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-0392438
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171
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Winkle M, El-Daly SM, Fabbri M, Calin GA. Noncoding RNA therapeutics - challenges and potential solutions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:629-651. [PMID: 34145432 PMCID: PMC8212082 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 256.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers, as well as many other diseases. Over the past decade, substantial effort has been made towards the clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics, employing mostly antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, with several gaining FDA approval. However, trial results have so far been ambivalent, with some studies reporting potent effects whereas others demonstrated limited efficacy or toxicity. Alternative entities such as antimiRNAs are undergoing clinical testing, and lncRNA-based therapeutics are gaining interest. In this Perspective, we discuss key challenges facing ncRNA therapeutics - including issues associated with specificity, delivery and tolerability - and focus on promising emerging approaches that aim to boost their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Winkle
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division - Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences - National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
- The RNA Interference and Non-codingRNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
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172
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Mi QS, Wang J, Liu Q, Wu X, Zhou L. microRNA dynamic expression regulates invariant NKT cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6003-6015. [PMID: 34236444 PMCID: PMC11073247 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are a prevalent population of innate-like T cells in mice, but quite rare in humans that are critical for regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses during antimicrobial immunity, tumor rejection, and inflammatory diseases. Multiple transcription factors and signaling molecules that contribute to iNKT cell selection and functional differentiation have been identified. However, the full molecular network responsible for regulating and maintaining iNKT populations remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of evolutionarily conserved, small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Previous reports uncovered the important roles of miRNAs in iNKT cell development and function using Dicer mutant mice. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of individual miRNAs in iNKT cells reported by our group and other groups, including miR-150, miR-155, miR-181, let-7, miR-17 ~ 92 cluster, and miR-183-96-182 cluster. It is likely that iNKT cell development, differentiation, homeostasis, and functions are orchestrated through a multilayered network comprising interactions among master transcription factors, signaling molecules, and dynamically expressed miRNAs. We provide a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms underlying iNKT cell differentiation and function controlled by dynamically expressed miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Queping Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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173
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MicroRNAs in mesenchymal stem cells: the key to decoding systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2286-2287. [PMID: 34321620 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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174
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De Melo P, Pineros Alvarez AR, Ye X, Blackman A, Alves-Filho JC, Medeiros AI, Rathmell J, Pua H, Serezani CH. Macrophage-Derived MicroRNA-21 Drives Overwhelming Glycolytic and Inflammatory Response during Sepsis via Repression of the PGE 2/IL-10 Axis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:902-912. [PMID: 34301845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are critical for systemic inflammation, microbial control, and organ damage during sepsis. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can dictate the outcome of sepsis. The role of myeloid-based expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in sepsis is inconclusive. In this study, we show that sepsis enhanced miR-21 expression in both peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils from septic C57BL/6J mice, and the deletion of miR-21 locus in myeloid cells (miR-21Δmyel mice) enhanced animal survival, decreased bacterial growth, decreased systemic inflammation, and decreased organ damage. Resistance to sepsis was associated with a reduction of aerobic glycolysis and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and IL-10 in miR-21Δmyel in vivo and in vitro. Using blocking Abs and pharmacological tools, we discovered that increased survival and decreased systemic inflammation in septic miR-21Δmyel mice is dependent on PGE2/IL-10-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Together, these findings demonstrate that expression of miR-21 in myeloid cells orchestrates the balance between anti-inflammatory mediators and metabolic reprogramming that drives cytokine storm during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo De Melo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Heather Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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175
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Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2619-2664. [PMID: 34269817 PMCID: PMC8286839 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
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176
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Lu N, Liu J, Ji C, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yuan S, Xing Y, Diao F. MiRNA based tumor mutation burden diagnostic and prognostic prediction models for endometrial cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3603-3620. [PMID: 34252354 PMCID: PMC8806700 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterus Corpus Endometrial cancer (UCEC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide. In this research, we identified diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to reflect patients’ immune microenvironment and prognostic. Various data of UCEC patients from the TCGA database were obtained. Firstly, patients were divided into a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) level group and a low TMB level group according to the level of TMB. Then, differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups were obtained. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to construct a diagnostic model to predict the level of TMB. Univariate, multivariate, and LASSO regression analysis were used to construct a prognostic risk signature (PRS) to predict the prognosis of UCEC patients. Twenty-one miRNAs were used to construct a diagnostic model for predicting TMB levels. The AUC values of ROC curves for 21-miRNA-based diagnostic models were 0.911 in the training set, 0.827 in the test set, and 0.878 in the entire set. This diagnostic model showed positive correlation with TMB, PDL1 expression, and the infiltration of immune cells. In addition, three prognostic miRNAs were finally used to construct the PRS. The PRS was related to the expression of multiple immune checkpoints and the infiltration of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, the PRS can also reflect the response to some commonly used chemotherapy regimens. We have established a miRNA-based diagnostic model and a prognostic model that can predict the prognosis of UCEC patients and their response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, thus providing valuable information on the choice of treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- Department of Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuning Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Diao
- Department of Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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177
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De Paolis V, Lorefice E, Orecchini E, Carissimi C, Laudadio I, Fulci V. Epitranscriptomics: A New Layer of microRNA Regulation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3372. [PMID: 34282776 PMCID: PMC8268402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are pervasive regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in metazoan, playing key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, these small non-coding RNAs are also involved in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, miRNAs represent valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in malignancies. In the last twenty years, the role of RNA modifications in fine-tuning gene expressions at several levels has been unraveled. All RNA species may undergo post-transcriptional modifications, collectively referred to as epitranscriptomic modifications, which, in many instances, affect RNA molecule properties. miRNAs are not an exception, in this respect, and they have been shown to undergo several post-transcriptional modifications. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings concerning miRNA epitranscriptomic modifications, focusing on their potential role in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Carissimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.D.P.); (E.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.)
| | - Ilaria Laudadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.D.P.); (E.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.)
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178
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Rose SA, Wroblewska A, Dhainaut M, Yoshida H, Shaffer JM, Bektesevic A, Ben-Zvi B, Rhoads A, Kim EY, Yu B, Lavin Y, Merad M, Buenrostro JD, Brown BD. A microRNA expression and regulatory element activity atlas of the mouse immune system. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:914-927. [PMID: 34099919 PMCID: PMC8480231 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better define the control of immune system regulation, we generated an atlas of microRNA (miRNA) expression from 63 mouse immune cell populations and connected these signatures with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and nascent RNA profiles to establish a map of miRNA promoter and enhancer usage in immune cells. miRNA complexity was relatively low, with >90% of the miRNA compartment of each population comprising <75 miRNAs; however, each cell type had a unique miRNA signature. Integration of miRNA expression with chromatin accessibility revealed putative regulatory elements for differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-21a, miR-146a and miR-223. The integrated maps suggest that many miRNAs utilize multiple promoters to reach high abundance and identified dominant and divergent miRNA regulatory elements between lineages and during development that may be used by clustered miRNAs, such as miR-99a/let-7c/miR-125b, to achieve distinct expression. These studies, with web-accessible data, help delineate the cis-regulatory elements controlling miRNA signatures of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Rose
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Wroblewska
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxime Dhainaut
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Anela Bektesevic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Ben-Zvi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Rhoads
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yonit Lavin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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179
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Rodríguez-Galán A, Dosil SG, Gómez MJ, Fernández-Delgado I, Fernández-Messina L, Sánchez-Cabo F, Sánchez-Madrid F. MiRNA post-transcriptional modification dynamics in T cell activation. iScience 2021; 24:102530. [PMID: 34142042 PMCID: PMC8188497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation leads to extensive changes in the miRNA repertoire. Although overall miRNA expression decreases within a few hours of T cell activation, some individual miRNAs are specifically upregulated. Using next-generation sequencing, we assessed miRNA expression and post-transcriptional modification kinetics in human primary CD4+ T cells upon T cell receptor (TCR) or type I interferon stimulation. This analysis identified differential expression of multiple miRNAs not previously linked to T cell activation. Remarkably, upregulated miRNAs showed a higher frequency of 3' adenylation. TCR stimulation was followed by increased expression of RNA modifying enzymes and the RNA degrading enzymes Dis3L2 and Eri1. In the midst of this adverse environment, 3' adenylation may serve a protective function that could be exploited to improve miRNA stability for T cell-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Galán
- Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara G. Dosil
- Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Delgado
- Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Fernández-Messina
- Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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180
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Badry A, Jaspers VLB, Waugh CA. Environmental pollutants modulate RNA and DNA virus-activated miRNA-155 expression and innate immune system responses: Insights into new immunomodulative mechanisms. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:86-93. [PMID: 32233818 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1740838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have high immunomodulating potentials. Exposure to them, in combination with virus infections, has been shown to aggravate outcomes of the infection, leading to increased viral titers and host mortality. Expression of immune-related microRNA (miR) signaling pathways (by host and/or virus) have been shown to be important in determining these outcomes; there is some evidence to suggest pollutants can cause dysregulation of miRNAs. It was thus hypothesized here that modulation of miRNAs (and associated cytokine genes) by pollutants exerts negative effects during viral infections. To test this, an in vitro study on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) exposed to a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1260) and then stimulated with a synthetic RNA virus (poly(I:C)) or infected with a lymphoma-causing DNA virus (Gallid Herpes Virus 2 [GaHV-2]) was conducted. Using quantitative real-time PCR, expression patterns for mir-155, pro-inflammatory TNFα and IL-8, transcription factor NF-κB1, and anti-inflammatory IL-4 were investigated 8, 12, and 18 h after virus activation. The study showed that Aroclor1260 modulated mir-155 expression, such that a down-regulation of mir-155 in poly(I:C)-treated CEF was seen up to 12 h. Aroclor1260 exposure also increased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes after 8 h in poly(I:C)-treated cells, but levels in GaHV-2-infected cells were unaffected. In contrast to with Aroclor1260/poly(I:C), Aroclor1260/GaHV-2-infected cells displayed an increase in mir-155 levels after 12 h compared to levels seen with either individual treatment. While after 12 h expression of most evaluated genes was down-regulated (independent of treatment regimen), by 18 h, up-regulation was evident again. In conclusion, this study added evidence that mir-155 signaling represents a sensitive pathway to chemically-induced immunomodulation and indicated that PCBs can modulate highly-regulated innate immune system signaling pathways important in determining host immune response outcomes during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Badry
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Courtney A Waugh
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
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181
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Nazari N, Jafari F, Ghalamfarsa G, Hadinia A, Atapour A, Ahmadi M, Dolati S, Rostamzadeh D. The emerging role of microRNA in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway in immune and inflammatory responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:814-832. [PMID: 33988889 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered to be an atypical protein kinase that plays a critical role in integrating different cellular and environmental inputs in the form of growth factors, nutrients and energy and, subsequently, in regulating different cellular events, including cell metabolism, survival, homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Immunologically, mTOR is a critical regulator of immune function through integrating numerous signals from the immune microenvironment, which coordinates the functions of immune cells and T cell fate decisions. The crucial role of mTOR in immune responses has been lately even more appreciated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that act as molecular regulators involved in multiple processes during immune cells development, homeostasis, activation and effector polarization. Several studies have recently indicated that a range of miRNAs are involved in regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway by targeting multiple components of this signaling pathway and modulating the expression and function of these targets. Current evidence has revealed the interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR pathway circuits in various immune cell types. The expression of individual miRNA can affect the function of mTOR signaling to determine the cell fate decisions in immune responses through coordinating immune signaling and cell metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway/miRNAs crosstalk has been reported in cancers and various immune-related diseases. Thus, expression profiles of dysregulated miRNAs could influence the mTOR pathway, resulting in the promotion of aberrant immunity. This review summarizes the latest information regarding the reciprocal role of the mTOR signaling pathway and miRNAs in orchestrating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Nazari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Hadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Atapour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Rostamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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182
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Zhang J, Zhu L, Shi H, Zheng H. Protective effects of miR-155-5p silencing on IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and inflammation in salivary gland epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:882. [PMID: 34194560 PMCID: PMC8237265 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve a vital role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155-5p in SS and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. An inflammatory lesion model was established by stimulating salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The apoptosis of SGECs was measured by using flow cytometry. Levels of proinflammatory factors were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used for p65 staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-155-5p and arrestin β2 (ARRB2). The protein levels in the NF-κB signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with IFN-γ increased miR-155-5p expression, in addition to inducing apoptosis and inflammation in SGECs. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-155-5p promoted IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and inflammation in SGECs. Overexpression of miR-155-5p also increased Bax protein expression, enzyme activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9, release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in IFN-γ-treated SGECs. By contrast, all of the effects aforementioned were reversed following miR-155-5p knockdown. These results demonstrated that miR-155-5p activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, where treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, reversed the effects of miR-155-5p overexpression on the inflammatory factors in IFN-γ-induced SGECs. miR-155-5p was demonstrated to target ARRB2 and negatively regulated its expression levels, such that overexpression of ARRB2 reversed the effects of miR-155-5p overexpression on the inflammatory response, apoptosis and the NF-κB signaling pathway in IFN-γ-treated SGECs. Collectively, results from the present study suggest that miR-155-5p may activate the NF-κB signaling pathway by negatively regulating ARRB2 to promote salivary gland damage during SS pathogenesis. This suggests that miR-155-5p may serve to be a potential target for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Huizhe Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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183
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Bhatt HK, Song D, Musgrave G, Rao PSS. Cannabinoid-induced changes in the immune system: The role of microRNAs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107832. [PMID: 34107381 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cannabinoids have been used by humans for their medicinal benefits for over several millennia. While the use of cannabinoids has been strictly regulated in the past century, easing of state regulations has been associated with an increase in use of cannabinoids in the United States. The potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids have been explored and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis-derived cannabinoids has been well-documented. The pharmacological effects of cannabinoids are governed by the modulation of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, expressed in the central and peripheral tissues. Moreover, growing scientific evidence suggests that the cannabinoid-mediated changes in the immune system involves change in expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short non-coding, single-stranded RNA which have the ability to affect post-translational regulation of gene expression. Studies over the past decade have investigated the changes in expression of miRNAs following treatment of various components of the immune system with different chemical modulators of the cannabinoid receptors. Such studies have highlighted the key role played by various miRNAs in driving the observed immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The aim of this review article, therefore, is to summarize the role of miRNAs behind the observed effects of cannabinoids on the overall immune system, rather than focusing on a single disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirva K Bhatt
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Dana Song
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Gyen Musgrave
- Greenleaf Apothecaries, LLC, 15335 Madison Road, Middlefield, OH 44062, United States
| | - P S S Rao
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States.
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184
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Meng Z, Qiu J, Zhang H. MiR-221-3p as a Potential Biomarker for Patients with Psoriasis and Its Role in Inflammatory Responses in Keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:300-306. [PMID: 34091460 DOI: 10.1159/000515114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated serum miR-221-3p levels in psoriatic patients and the characterization of serum miR-221-3p in keratinocyte inflammatory responses was further assessed. METHODS qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-221-3p in the serum of 46 patients with psoriasis and 42 healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated the diagnostic ability of miR-221-3p in psoriasis. The effect of miR-221-3p on HaCaT cell proliferation was detected by using a cell counting Kit-8 and Transwell. ELISA was used to detect serum and keratinocyte pro-inflammatory factors. RESULTS miR-221-3p was significantly increased in the serum of patients with psoriasis. The area under the curve was 0.861, the sensitivity was 80.4%, and the specificity was 85.7%. Serum miR-221-3p was positively correlated with the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-22. Cell experiments showed that reducing the expression of miR-221-3p could significantly inhibit cell proliferation. Additionally, miR-221-3p downregulation also inhibited the release of some inflammatory factors in the HaCaT cells. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION MiR-221-3p is a latent biomarker of psoriasis patients. Lower expression of miR-221-3p inhibits the cell proliferation and inflammatory responses of HaCaT cells, which offers a possible target for the therapeutic interventions of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangrao People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jianwei Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Guangrao People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Linyi City Lanshan District People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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185
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Cione E, Zambrini AS, Cannataro R. MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles in Milk: RNA-Based Micronutrients? J Nutr 2021; 151:1378-1379. [PMID: 33979837 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Galascreen Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Angelo Sv Zambrini
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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186
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Weidner J, Bartel S, Kılıç A, Zissler UM, Renz H, Schwarze J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Maes T, Rebane A, Krauss‐Etschmann S, Rådinger M. Spotlight on microRNAs in allergy and asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:1661-1678. [PMID: 33128813 PMCID: PMC8246745 DOI: 10.1111/all.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In past 10 years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained scientific attention due to their importance in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and their potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. They act as master post‐transcriptional regulators that control most cellular processes. As one miRNA can target several mRNAs, often within the same pathway, dysregulated expression of miRNAs may alter particular cellular responses and contribute, or lead, to the development of various diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current research on miRNAs in allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Specifically, we discuss how individual miRNAs function in the regulation of immune responses in epithelial cells and specialized immune cells in response to different environmental factors and respiratory viruses. In addition, we review insights obtained from experiments with murine models of allergic airway and skin inflammation and offer an overview of studies focusing on miRNA discovery using profiling techniques and bioinformatic modeling of the network effect of multiple miRNAs. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of research into miRNA function in allergy and asthma to improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie Philipps University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Susanne Krauss‐Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel Borstel Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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187
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Chang MX. The negative regulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway in fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104038. [PMID: 33548290 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At each stage of innate immune response, there are stimulatory and inhibitory signals that modulate the strength and character of the response. RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in antiviral innate immune response. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms that viral infection leads to the activation of RLRs-mediated downstream signaling cascades and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). However, antiviral immune responses must be tightly regulated in order to prevent detrimental type I IFNs production. Previous reviews have highlighted negative regulation of RLR signaling pathway, which mainly target to directly regulate RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS and TBK1 function in mammals. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of negative regulators of RLR signaling pathway in teleost, with specific focus on piscine and viral regulatory mechanisms that directly or indirectly inhibit the function of RIG-I, MDA5, LGP2, MAVS, TRAF3, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7 both in the steady state or upon viral infection. We also further discuss important directions for future studies, especially for non-coding RNAs and post-translational modifications via fish specific TRIM proteins. The knowledge of negative regulators of RLR signaling pathway in teleost will shed new light on the critical information for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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188
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Zhao M, He X, Yang J, Feng Y, Wang H, Shao Z, Xing L. Aberrant microRNA expression in B lymphocytes from patients with primary warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:264-274. [PMID: 34044675 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1931842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen and analyze the micro-Ribonucleic Acid (miRNA) expression profile in B lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) using high-throughput sequencing. METHODS Twelve patients with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (wAIHA) and twelve healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. CD19+ B lymphocytes were isolated and purified using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). RNA was subsequently extracted from these cells and a small RNA library was created. The miRNA expression profile was analyzed using Beijing Genomics Institute Sequencing 500 (BGISEQ-500), and stem-loop real-time quantitative PCR (stem-loop qRT-PCR) was used to verify the sequencing results. Downstream target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using miRanda and TargetScan online software, and GO functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on these genes. RESULTS Compared with HCs, 178 upregulated and 143 downregulated miRNAs were identified in wAIHA patients, and stem-loop qRT-PCR of four randomly selected differentially expressed miRNAs verified the sequencing results. Ninety-five significantly enriched GO terms and eighty-five significantly enriched pathways were identified. Genes targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be mainly involved in the regulation of signal transduction, metabolic processes, immune reactions, and neoplastic disease development. CONCLUSION The expression of miRNAs in B lymphocytes from patients with primary wAIHA was deregulated, and this phenomenon may be involved in the pathogenesis of wAIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Xing
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Li Z, Jiang L, Zhao R, Huang J, Yang W, Wen Z, Zhang B, Du G. MiRNA-based model for predicting the TMB level in colon adenocarcinoma based on a LASSO logistic regression method. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26068. [PMID: 34032736 PMCID: PMC8154456 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some patients with advanced colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and as such, immunotherapy has become the most popular option for these patients. However, different patients respond differently to immunotherapy. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been used as a predictor of the response of advanced COAD patients to immunotherapy. A high TMB typically indicates that the patient's immune system will respond well to immunotherapy. In addition, while microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to play an important role in treatment responses associated with the immune system, the relationship between miRNA expression levels and TMB has not been clarified in COAD.We downloaded miRNA data and mutational files of COAD from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in the training group, and miRNAs used to construct the model were further identified using the LASSO logistic regression method. After building the miRNA-based model, we explored the correlation between the model and TMB. The model was verified by a receiver operating characteristic curve, and the correlation between it and 3 widely used immune checkpoints (programmed death receptor-1, programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4) was explored. Functional enrichment analysis of the selected miRNAs was performed, and these respective miRNA target genes were predicted using online tools.Our results showed that a total of 32 differentially expressed miRNAs were used in the construction of the model. The accuracies of the models of the 2 datasets (training and test sets) were 0.987 and 0.934, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation of the model with programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, as well as TMB, was high, but there was no correlation with programmed death receptor-1. The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that these 32 miRNAs were involved in many immune-related biological processes and tumor-related pathways.Therefore, this study demonstrated that differentially expressed miRNAs can be used to predict the TMB level, which can help identify advanced COAD patients who will respond well to immunotherapy. The miRNA-based model may be used as a tool to predict the TMB level in patients with advanced COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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190
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Gupta M, Akhtar J, Sarwat M. MicroRNAs: Regulators of immunological reactions in hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:127-133. [PMID: 34049801 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third prominent cause of cancer mortality, with increasing prevalence and poor survival worldwide. Being diagnosed at an advanced stage, HCC frequently results in poor prognosis, treatment failure, and recurrence. Post-treatment reactivation and recurrence often amplify the immunosuppressed state induced by HCC pathogenesis. Therefore, stimulating the immune system may be a potential therapy measure for the treatment of HCC. Immune responses of the body may be potentiated by modulation of various effector cells such as B-cells, T-cells, Treg cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and other antigen-presenting cells. microRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) are the regulators of gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Various activities and developmental stages of the immune system are governed by miRNAs and they have a regulative impact on innate and adaptive immune cells in both, healthy and diseased conditions. Their misexpression has been associated with the initiation, development, and metastasis of various cancer types, including HCC. This review summarizes the functional impact of these immuno-miRNAs in the improvement of tumor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058, Delhi, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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191
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Khan P, Ebenezer NS, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Lakshmanan I, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. MicroRNA-1: Diverse role of a small player in multiple cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:114-126. [PMID: 34034986 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The process of cancer initiation and development is a dynamic and complex mechanism involving multiple genetic and non-genetic variations. With the development of high throughput techniques like next-generation sequencing, the field of cancer biology extended beyond the protein-coding genes. It brought the functional role of noncoding RNAs into cancer-associated pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one such class of noncoding RNAs regulating different cancer development aspects, including progression and metastasis. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a highly conserved miRNA with a functional role in developing skeletal muscle precursor cells and cardiomyocytes and acts as a consistent tumor suppressor gene. In humans, two discrete genes, MIR-1-1 located on 20q13.333 and MIR-1-2 located on 18q11.2 loci encode for a single mature miR-1. Downregulation of miR-1 has been demonstrated in multiple cancers, including lung, breast, liver, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, medulloblastoma, and gastric cancer. A vast number of studies have shown that miR-1 affects the hallmarks of cancer like proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, chemosensitization, and immune modulation. The potential therapeutic applications of miR-1 in multiple cancer pathways provide a novel platform for developing anticancer therapies. This review focuses on the different antitumorigenic and therapeutic aspects of miR-1, including how it regulates tumor development and associated immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nivetha Sarah Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Kim S, Bai Y, Fan Z, Diergaarde B, Tseng GC, Park HJ. The microRNA target site landscape is a novel molecular feature associating alternative polyadenylation with immune evasion activity in breast cancer. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa191. [PMID: 32844230 PMCID: PMC8138879 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) in breast tumor samples results in the removal/addition of cis-regulatory elements such as microRNA (miRNA) target sites in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTRs) of genes. Although previous computational APA studies focused on a subset of genes strongly affected by APA (APA genes), we identify miRNAs of which widespread APA events collectively increase or decrease the number of target sites [probabilistic inference of microRNA target site modification through APA (PRIMATA-APA)]. Using PRIMATA-APA on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data, we found that the global APA events change the number of the target sites of particular microRNAs [target sites modified miRNA (tamoMiRNA)] enriched for cancer development and treatments. We also found that when knockdown (KD) of NUDT21 in HeLa cells induces a different set of widespread 3'-UTR shortening than TCGA breast cancer data, it changes the target sites of the common tamoMiRNAs. Since the NUDT21 KD experiment previously demonstrated the tumorigenic role of APA events in a miRNA dependent fashion, this result suggests that the APA-initiated tumorigenesis is attributable to the miRNA target site changes, not the APA events themselves. Further, we found that the miRNA target site changes identify tumor cell proliferation and immune cell infiltration to the tumor microenvironment better than the miRNA expression levels or the APA events themselves. Altogether, our computational analyses provide a proof-of-concept demonstration that the miRNA target site information indicates the effect of global APA events with a potential as predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and in Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - YuLong Bai
- Department of Human Genetics in the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zhenjiang Fan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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193
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Schell SL, Rahman ZSM. miRNA-Mediated Control of B Cell Responses in Immunity and SLE. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683710. [PMID: 34079558 PMCID: PMC8165268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of B cell tolerance is central to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As such, the mechanisms involved in B cell development, maturation, activation, and function that are aberrantly regulated in SLE are of interest in the design of targeted therapeutics. While many factors are involved in the generation and regulation of B cell responses, miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of these responses within the last decade. To date, miRNA involvement in B cell responses has largely been studied in non-autoimmune, immunization-based systems. However, miRNA profiles have also been strongly associated with SLE in human patients and these molecules have proven critical in both the promotion and regulation of disease in mouse models and in the formation of autoreactive B cell responses. Functionally, miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to complementary sequences located in target mRNA transcripts to mediate transcript degradation or translational repression, invoking a post-transcriptional level of genetic regulation. Due to their capacity to target a diverse range of transcripts and pathways in different immune cell types and throughout the various stages of development and response, targeting miRNAs is an interesting potential therapeutic avenue. Herein, we focus on what is currently known about miRNA function in both normal and SLE B cell responses, primarily highlighting miRNAs with confirmed functions in mouse models. We also discuss areas that should be addressed in future studies and whether the development of miRNA-centric therapeutics may be a viable alternative for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Laparra JM, Boscá L. NOD1-Targeted Immunonutrition Approaches: On the Way from Disease to Health. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050519. [PMID: 34066406 PMCID: PMC8148154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunonutrition appears as a field with great potential in modern medicine. Since the immune system can trigger serious pathophysiological disorders, it is essential to study and implement a type of nutrition aimed at improving immune system functioning and reinforcing it individually for each patient. In this sense, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1), one of the members of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family of innate immunity, has been related to numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. NOD1, which is activated by bacterial-derived peptidoglycans, is known to be present in immune cells and to contribute to inflammation and other important pathways, such as fibrosis, upon recognition of its ligands. Since immunonutrition is a significant developing research area with much to discover, we propose NOD1 as a possible target to consider in this field. It is relevant to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate the immune system and involve the activation of NOD1 in the context of immunonutrition and associated pathological conditions. Surgical or pharmacological treatments could clearly benefit from the synergy with specific and personalized nutrition that even considers the health status of each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
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195
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Linden G, Janga H, Franz M, Nist A, Stiewe T, Schmeck B, Vázquez O, Schulte LN. Efficient antisense inhibition reveals microRNA-155 to restrain a late-myeloid inflammatory programme in primary human phagocytes. RNA Biol 2021; 18:604-618. [PMID: 33622174 PMCID: PMC8078538 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A persisting obstacle in human immunology is that blood-derived leukocytes are notoriously difficult to manipulate at the RNA level. Therefore, our knowledge about immune-regulatory RNA-networks is largely based on tumour cell-line and rodent knockout models, which do not fully mimic human leukocyte biology. Here, we exploit straightforward cell penetrating peptide (CPP) chemistry to enable efficient loss-of-function phenotyping of regulatory RNAs in primary human blood-derived cells. The classical CPP octaarginine (R8) enabled antisense peptide-nucleic-acid (PNA) oligomer delivery into nearly 100% of human blood-derived macrophages without apparent cytotoxicity even up to micromolar concentrations. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we successfully de-repressed the global microRNA-155 regulome in primary human macrophages using a PNA-R8 oligomer, which phenocopies a CRISPR-Cas9 induced gene knockout. Interestingly, although it is often believed that fairly high concentrations (μM) are needed to achieve antisense activity, our PNA-R8 was effective at 200 nM. RNA-seq characterized microRNA-155 as a broad-acting riboregulator, feedback restraining a late myeloid differentiation-induced pro-inflammatory network, comprising MyD88-signalling and ubiquitin-proteasome components. Our results highlight the important role of the microRNA machinery in fine-control of blood-derived human phagocyte immunity and open the door for further studies on regulatory RNAs in difficult-to-transfect primary human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Linden
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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196
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Lu J, Li S, Li X, Zhao W, Duan X, Gu X, Xu J, Yu B, Sigal LJ, Dong Z, Xie L, Fang M. Declined miR-181a-5p expression is associated with impaired natural killer cell development and function with aging. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13353. [PMID: 33780118 PMCID: PMC8135006 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and thereby influence cell development and function. Numerous studies have shown the significant roles of miRNAs in regulating immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells. However, little is known about the role of miRNAs in NK cells with aging. We previously demonstrated that the aged C57BL/6 mice have significantly decreased proportion of mature (CD27- CD11b+ ) NK cells compared with young mice, indicating impaired maturation of NK cells with aging. Here, we performed deep sequencing of CD27+ NK cells from young and aged mice. Profiling of the miRNome (global miRNA expression levels) revealed that 49 miRNAs displayed a twofold or greater difference in expression between young and aged NK cells. Among these, 30 miRNAs were upregulated and 19 miRNAs were downregulated in the aged NK cells. We found that the expression level of miR-l8la-5p was increased with the maturation of NK cells, and significantly decreased in NK cells from the aged mice. Knockdown of miR-181a-5p inhibited NK cell development in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-181a-5p is highly conserved in mice and human. MiR-181a-5p promoted the production of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity in stimulated NK cells from both mice and human. Importantly, miR-181a-5p level markedly decreased in NK cells from PBMC of elderly people. Thus, our results demonstrated that the miRNAs profiles in NK cells change with aging, the decreased level of miR-181a-5p contributes to the defective NK cell development and function with aging. This opens new strategies to preserve or restore NK cell function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiuling Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lixin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- International College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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197
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Wang W, Wang C, Chen W, Ding S. Advances in immunological research of amphioxus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103992. [PMID: 33387559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphioxus, one of the most closely related invertebrates to vertebrates, is an important animal model for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity, especially the transition from innate immunity to adaptive immunity. The current research progresses of amphioxus in the field of immune organs, immune cells, complement system, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B, immune-related lectins and enzymes are summarized, and some issues that remain to be understood or are in need of further clarification are highlighted. We hope to provide references for more in-depth study of the amphioxus immune system and lay a solid foundation for the construction of three-dimensional immune network in amphioxus from ontogeny to phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China; Yantai Productivity Promotion Center, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
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198
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Feng R, Cui Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Upregulated microRNA-132 in T helper 17 cells activates hepatic stellate cells to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13007. [PMID: 33264420 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in the modulation of the immune system. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the modulation of the tumour microenvironment. However, the function of miRNA in Th17 cells in the tumour microenvironment is unclear. In this study, we analysed miR-132 expression in Th17 cells and assessed the function of miR-132 on Th17 cell differentiation. In addition, the effect of miR-132 on Th17 cells in the tumour microenvironment, especially hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), was confirmed. CD4+ IL-17 ∓ cells were isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour tissues. The expression of miR-132 was higher in CD4+ IL-17 + cells than in CD4+ IL-17- cells. Human primary CD4+ T cells were used for Th17 cell differentiation. Compared with primary CD4+ T cells, Th17 cells expressed high levels of miR-132. During Th17 cell differentiation, a miR-132 mimic and inhibition were applied. After treatment with the miR-132 mimic, the differentiation of Th17 cells accelerated, showing a a higher percentage of Th17 cells and the expression and secretion of IL-17 and IL-22. Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1), as one of the targets of miR-132, decreased during Th17 cell differentiation-related Th17 differentiation and IL-17 expression. The conditioned medium of miR-132-overexpressing Th17 cells could increase the activation of the HSCs, which strongly promoted HCC cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In summary, miR-132 positively regulates Th17 cell differentiation and improves the function of Th17 on HSCs for their tumour-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zilin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zirong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
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199
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Lone SN, Bhat AA, Wani NA, Karedath T, Hashem S, Nisar S, Singh M, Bagga P, Das BC, Bedognetti D, Reddy R, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Siddiqi MA, Haris M, Macha MA. miRNAs as novel immunoregulators in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:3-14. [PMID: 33926791 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a well-known vital regulator of tumor growth, and one of the main hallmarks of cancer is evading the immune system. Immune system deregulation can lead to immune surveillance evasion, sustained cancer growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Tumor-mediated disruption of the immune system is accomplished by different mechanisms that involve extensive crosstalk with the immediate microenvironment, which includes endothelial cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, to create a favorable tumor niche that facilitates the development of cancer. The essential role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mechanism of cancer cell immune evasion has been highlighted in recent studies. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate a wide range of post-transcriptional gene expression in a cell. Recent studies have focused on the function that miRNAs play in controlling the expression of target proteins linked to immune modulation. Studies show that miRNAs modulate the immune response in cancers by regulating the expression of different immune-modulatory molecules associated with immune effector cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells, as well as those present in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review explores the relationship between miRNAs, their altered patterns of expression in tumors, immune modulation, and the functional control of a wide range of immune cells, thereby offering detailed insights on the crosstalk of tumor-immune cells and their use as prognostic markers or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saife N Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Sheema Hashem
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bhudev Chandra Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India.
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200
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Eissa E, Morcos B, Abdelkawy RFM, Ahmed HH, Kholoussi NM. Association of microRNA-125a with the clinical features, disease activity and inflammatory cytokines of juvenile-onset lupus patients. Lupus 2021; 30:1180-1187. [PMID: 33866896 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with marked variation in its clinical presentation. Juvenile-onset SLE (jSLE) exhibits an aggressive clinical phenotype and severe complications. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRs) in immune cells from patients with SLE has been found. We aim to evaluate the association of miR-125a with the clinical and laboratory characteristics, disease activity and inflammatory cytokines of jSLE patients. METHODS 60 jSLE patients and 25 normal controls were involved in the study. The expression pattern of miR-125a was determined in plasma of all subjects using qRT-PCR. In addition, plasma levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ were examined using ELISA. The correlation of miR-125a expression with the clinical manifestations and disease activity of jSLE patients was analyzed. Also, its association with the inflammatory cytokines was investigated in jSLE patients. RESULTS Our findings showed that miR-125a expression levels were significantly reduced in jSLE patients compared to normal controls (p < 0.01) and these expression levels differed based on the clinical variability of patients. In addition, plasma levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in jSLE patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (p < 0.01). Finally, miR-125a expression had significant negative associations with each of SLEDAI-2K (p < 0.01), SLICC (p < 0.01), ESR (p < 0.05), proteinuria (p < 0.01) and IL-17 levels (p < 0.01) in jSLE patients. CONCLUSION Our findings postulate that miR-125a could act as a candidate therapeutic target for its possible regulation of inflammation in jSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Eissa
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Immunogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Botros Morcos
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Immunogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan H Ahmed
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Al Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Kholoussi
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Immunogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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