151
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152
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Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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153
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Abstract
Metastases arising from tumors have the proclivity to colonize specific organs, suggesting that they must rewire their biology to meet the demands of the organ colonized, thus altering their primary properties. Each metastatic site presents distinct metabolic challenges to a colonizing cancer cell, ranging from fuel and oxygen availability to oxidative stress. Here, we discuss the organ-specific metabolic adaptations that cancer cells must undergo, which provide the ability to overcome the unique barriers to colonization in foreign tissues and establish the metastatic tissue tropism phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Schild
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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154
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Hsieh CC, Shyr YM, Liao WY, Chen TH, Wang SE, Lu PC, Lin PY, Chen YB, Mao WY, Han HY, Hsiao M, Yang WB, Li WS, Sher YP, Shen CN. Elevation of β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 in a fructoseresponsive manner promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7691-7709. [PMID: 28032597 PMCID: PMC5352353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive type of pancreatic cancer with clinical characteristics of local invasion and early metastasis. Recent cohort studies indicate high fructose intake is associated with an increase in pancreatic cancer risk. However, the mechanisms by which fructose promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis remain unclear. Herein, Kras+/LSLG12D mice were crossed with Elas-CreER transgenic mice to determine whether fructose intake directly contributes to tumor formation. Orthotopic tumor-xenograft experiments were performed to determine whether fructose substitution enhances the metastatic potential of PDAC cells. The mechanisms underlying the effects of fructose were explored by RNAseq analysis in combination with high-performance anion exchange chromatography. Dietary fructose was initially found to promote the development of aggressive pancreatic cancer in mice conditionally expressing KrasG12D in the adult pancreas. We further revealed that fructose substitution enhanced the metastatic potential of human PDAC cell via selective outgrowth of aggressive ABCG2-positive subpopulations and elevating N-acetylmannosamine levels that upregulated β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1), thereby promoting distant metastasis. Finally, we observed that PDAC patients expressing higher levels of ST6Gal1 and GLUT5 presented poorer prognosis compared to other groups. In conclusion, our findings have elucidated a crucial role of ST6Gal1 in regulating the invasiveness of PDACs in a fructose-responsive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Che Hsieh
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Shyr
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hua Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-E Wang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peir-Chuen Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Bo Chen
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Mao
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Han
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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155
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Zhang M, Saad C, Le L, Halfter K, Bauer B, Mansmann UR, Li J. Computational modeling of methionine cycle-based metabolism and DNA methylation and the implications for anti-cancer drug response prediction. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22546-22558. [PMID: 29875994 PMCID: PMC5989406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolism and methylation is considered to be an important aspect of cancer development and drug efficacy. However, it remains poorly defined how to apply this aspect to improve preclinical disease characterization and clinical treatment outcome. Using available molecular information from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and literature, we constructed a large-scale knowledge-based metabolic in silico model. For the purpose of model validation, we applied data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) to investigate computationally the impact of metabolism on chemotherapy efficacy. In our model, different metabolic components such as MAT2A, ATP6V0E1, NNMT involved in methionine cycle correlate with biologically measured chemotherapy outcome (IC50) that are in agreement with findings of independent studies. These proteins are potentially also involved in cellular methylation processes. In addition, several components such as 3,4-dihydoxymandelate, PAPSS2, UPP1 from metabolic pathways involved in the production of purine and pyrimidine correlate with IC50. This study clearly demonstrates that complex computational approaches can reflect findings of biological experiments. This demonstrates their high potential to grasp complex issues within systems medicine such as response prediction, biomarker identification using available data resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Saad
- Department of Computational Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lien Le
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bauer
- Department of Computational Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich R Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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156
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Abstract
The mitochondrial network is not only required for the production of energy, essential cofactors and amino acids, but also serves as a signaling hub for innate immune and apoptotic pathways. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to identify and combat mitochondrial dysfunction to maintain the health of the organism. One such pathway is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is regulated by the mitochondrial import efficiency of the transcription factor ATFS-1 in C. elegans and potentially orthologous transcription factors in mammals (ATF4, ATF5, CHOP). Upon mitochondrial dysfunction, import of ATFS-1 into mitochondria is reduced, allowing it to be trafficked to the nucleus where it promotes the expression of genes that promote survival and recovery of the mitochondrial network. Here, we discuss recent findings underlying UPRmt signal transduction and how this adaptive transcriptional response may interact with other mitochondrial stress response pathways.
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157
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Inhibition of glucose metabolism prevents glycosylation of the glutamine transporter ASCT2 and promotes compensatory LAT1 upregulation in leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46371-46383. [PMID: 27344174 PMCID: PMC5216804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cells are highly dependent on glucose and glutamine as bioenergetic and biosynthetic fuels. Inhibition of the metabolism of glucose but also of glutamine is thus proposed as a therapeutic modality to block leukemia cell growth. Since glucose also supports protein glycosylation, we wondered whether part of the growth inhibitory effects resulting from glycolysis inhibition could indirectly result from a defect in glycosylation of glutamine transporters. We found that ASCT2/SLC1A5, a major glutamine transporter, was indeed deglycosylated upon glucose deprivation and 2-deoxyglucose exposure in HL-60 and K-562 leukemia cells. Inhibition of glycosylation by these modalities as well as by the bona fide glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin however marginally influenced glutamine transport and did not impact on ASCT2 subcellular location. This work eventually unraveled the dispensability of ASCT2 to support HL-60 and K-562 leukemia cell growth and identified the upregulation of the neutral amino acid antiporter LAT1/SLC7A5 as a mechanism counteracting the inhibition of glycosylation. Pharmacological inhibition of LAT1 increased the growth inhibitory effects and the inactivation of the mTOR pathway resulting from glycosylation defects, an effect further emphasized during the regrowth period post-treatment with tunicamycin. In conclusion, this study points towards the underestimated impact of glycosylation inhibition in the interpretation of metabolic alterations resulting from glycolysis inhibition, and identifies LAT1 as a therapeutic target to prevent compensatory mechanisms induced by alterations in the glycosylating process.
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158
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D'Alessandro A, El Kasmi KC, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P, Li M, Zhang H, Gupte SA, Stenmark KR. Hallmarks of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mesenchymal and Inflammatory Cell Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28. [PMID: 28637353 PMCID: PMC5737722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular events that promote the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are complex and incompletely understood. The complex interplay between the pulmonary vasculature and its immediate microenvironment involving cells of immune system (i.e., macrophages) promotes a persistent inflammatory state, pathological angiogenesis, and fibrosis that are driven by metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal and immune cells. Recent Advancements: Consistent with previous findings in the field of cancer metabolism, increased glycolytic rates, incomplete glucose and glutamine oxidation to support anabolism and anaplerosis, altered lipid synthesis/oxidation ratios, increased one-carbon metabolism, and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway to support nucleoside synthesis are but some of the key metabolic signatures of vascular cells in PH. In addition, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages is observed in PH and is characterized by distinct features, such as the induction of specific activation or polarization states that enable their participation in the vascular remodeling process. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulation of reducing equivalents, such as NAD(P)H in PH cells, also contributes to their altered phenotype both directly and indirectly by regulating the activity of the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal-binding protein 1 to control the proliferative/inflammatory gene expression in resident and immune cells. Further, similar to the role of anomalous metabolism in mitochondria in cancer, in PH short-term hypoxia-dependent and long-term hypoxia-independent alterations of mitochondrial activity, in the absence of genetic mutation of key mitochondrial enzymes, have been observed and explored as potential therapeutic targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS For the foreseeable future, short- and long-term metabolic reprogramming will become a candidate druggable target in the treatment of PH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 230-250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado.,3 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Min Li
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Hui Zhang
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
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159
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Na YR, Je S, Seok SH. Metabolic features of macrophages in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 413:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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160
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Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE. Spatiotemporal Control of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Chromatin Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:61-74. [PMID: 29174173 PMCID: PMC5741483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is sensitive to the availability of metabolites that serve as substrates of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone acetylation, and gene regulation have been documented, although how specificity in gene regulation is achieved by a metabolite has been challenging to answer. Recent studies suggest that acetyl-CoA metabolism is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally to elicit responses to nutrient availability and signaling cues. Here we discuss evidence that acetyl-CoA production is differentially regulated in the nucleus and cytosol of mammalian cells. Recent findings indicate that acetyl-CoA availability for site-specific histone acetylation is influenced through post-translational modification of acetyl-CoA-producing enzymes, as well as through dynamic regulation of the nuclear localization and chromatin recruitment of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Isabella Viney
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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161
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Abstract
Metabolism is critical for a host of cellular functions and provides a source of intracellular energy. It has been recognized recently that metabolism also regulates differentiation and effector functions of immune cells. Although initial work in this field has focused largely on T lymphocytes, recent studies have demonstrated metabolic control of innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we review what is known regarding the metabolic requirements for NK cell activation, focusing on NK cell production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). NK cells are innate immune lymphocytes that are poised for rapid activation during the early immune response. Although their basal metabolic rates do not change with short-term activation, they exhibit specific metabolic requirements for activation depending upon the stimulus received. These metabolic requirements for NK cell activation are altered by culturing NK cells with interleukin-15, which increases NK cell metabolic rates at baseline and shifts them toward aerobic glycolysis. We discuss the metabolic pathways important for NK cell production of IFN-γ protein and potential mechanisms whereby metabolism regulates NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Y Mah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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162
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Liu Q, Xie Y, Deng C, Li Y. One-step synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized metal-organic framework with binary ligands for highly selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. Talanta 2017; 175:477-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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163
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Mazzone M, Menga A, Castegna A. Metabolism and TAM functions-it takes two to tango. FEBS J 2017; 285:700-716. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis; Center for Cancer Biology (CCB); VIB; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis; Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Alessio Menga
- Hematology Unit; National Cancer Research Center; Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Hematology Unit; National Cancer Research Center; Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Italy
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164
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Reid MA, Dai Z, Locasale JW. The impact of cellular metabolism on chromatin dynamics and epigenetics. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1298-1306. [PMID: 29058720 PMCID: PMC5886854 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The substrates used to modify nucleic acids and chromatin are affected by nutrient availability and the activity of metabolic pathways. Thus, cellular metabolism constitutes a fundamental component of chromatin status and thereby of genome regulation. Here we describe the biochemical and genetic principles of how metabolism can influence chromatin biology and epigenetics, discuss the functional roles of this interplay in developmental and cancer biology, and present future directions in this rapidly emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
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165
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Simithy J, Sidoli S, Yuan ZF, Coradin M, Bhanu NV, Marchione DM, Klein BJ, Bazilevsky GA, McCullough CE, Magin RS, Kutateladze TG, Snyder NW, Marmorstein R, Garcia BA. Characterization of histone acylations links chromatin modifications with metabolism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1141. [PMID: 29070843 PMCID: PMC5656686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, numerous histone acyl post-translational modifications (acyl-PTMs) have been discovered, of which the functional significance is still under intense study. Here, we use high-resolution mass spectrometry to accurately quantify eight acyl-PTMs in vivo and after in vitro enzymatic assays. We assess the ability of seven histone acetyltransferases (HATs) to catalyze acylations on histones in vitro using short-chain acyl-CoA donors, proving that they are less efficient towards larger acyl-CoAs. We also observe that acyl-CoAs can acylate histones through non-enzymatic mechanisms. Using integrated metabolomic and proteomic approaches, we achieve high correlation (R 2 > 0.99) between the abundance of acyl-CoAs and their corresponding acyl-PTMs. Moreover, we observe a dose-dependent increase in histone acyl-PTM abundances in response to acyl-CoA supplementation in in nucleo reactions. This study represents a comprehensive profiling of scarcely investigated low-abundance histone marks, revealing that concentrations of acyl-CoAs affect histone acyl-PTM abundances by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariel Coradin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gleb A Bazilevsky
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl E McCullough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert S Magin
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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166
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of cancer and the dynamic interactions between heterogeneous tumor cells, the stroma and immune cells present daunting challenges to the development of effective cancer therapies. Although cancer biology is more understood than ever, this has not translated into therapies that overcome drug resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis. The future development of effective therapies will require more understanding of the dynamics of homeostatic dysregulation that drives cancer growth and progression. RESULTS Cancer dynamics are explored using a model involving genes mediating the regulatory interactions between the signaling and metabolic pathways. The exploration is informed by a proposed genetic dysregulation measure of cellular processes. The analysis of the interaction dynamics between cancer cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and tumor associate macrophages suggests that the mutual dependence of these cells promotes cancer growth and proliferation. In particular, MTOR and AMPK are hypothesized to be concurrently activated in cancer cells by amino acids recycled from the stroma. This leads to a proliferative growth supported by an upregulated glycolysis and a tricarboxylic acid cycle driven by glutamine sourced from the stroma. In other words, while genetic aberrations ignite carcinogenesis and lead to the dysregulation of key cellular processes, it is postulated that the dysregulation of metabolism locks cancer cells in a state of mutual dependence with the tumor microenvironment and deepens the tumor's inflammation and immunosuppressive state which perpetuates as a result the growth and proliferation dynamics of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Cancer therapies should aim for a progressive disruption of the dynamics of interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment by targeting metabolic dysregulation and inflammation to partially restore tissue homeostasis and turn on the immune cancer kill switch. One potentially effective cancer therapeutic strategy is to induce the reduction of lactate and steer the tumor microenvironment to a state of reduced inflammation so as to enable an effective intervention of the immune system. The translation of this therapeutic approach into treatment regimens would however require more understanding of the adaptive complexity of cancer resulting from the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
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167
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Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Med 2017; 23:804-814. [PMID: 28697184 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, conflicting evidence indicates a lack of knowledge of the timing of these events during the development of obesity and diabetes, pointing to a key gap in our understanding of metabolic disease. This Perspective reviews alternate viewpoints and recent results on the temporal and mechanistic connections between hyperinsulinemia, obesity and insulin resistance. Although much attention has addressed early steps in the insulin signaling cascade, insulin resistance in obesity seems to be largely elicited downstream of these steps. New findings also connect insulin resistance to extensive metabolic cross-talk between the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas and skeletal muscle. These and other advances over the past 5 years offer exciting opportunities and daunting challenges for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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168
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Rambold AS, Pearce EL. Mitochondrial Dynamics at the Interface of Immune Cell Metabolism and Function. Trends Immunol 2017; 39:6-18. [PMID: 28923365 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation and function are crucially dependent on specific metabolic programs dictated by mitochondria, including the generation of ATP from the oxidation of nutrients and supplying precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules and post-translational modifications. The many processes that occur in mitochondria are intimately linked to their morphology that is shaped by opposing fusion and fission events. Exciting evidence is now emerging that demonstrates reciprocal crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism. Metabolic cues can control the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery to acquire specific morphologies that shape their activity. We review the dynamic properties of mitochondria and discuss how these organelles interlace with immune cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika S Rambold
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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169
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Jackson LE, Kulkarni S, Wang H, Lu J, Dolezal JM, Bharathi SS, Ranganathan S, Patel MS, Deshpande R, Alencastro F, Wendell SG, Goetzman ES, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Genetic Dissociation of Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle Affects Neither Normal nor Neoplastic Proliferation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5795-5807. [PMID: 28883002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells increase glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) to generate sufficient levels of glycolytic intermediates for use as anabolic substrates. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a critical mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes pyruvate's conversion to acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), thereby connecting these two pathways in response to complex energetic, enzymatic, and metabolic cues. Here we utilized a mouse model of hepatocyte-specific PDC inactivation to determine the need for this metabolic link during normal hepatocyte regeneration and malignant transformation. In PDC "knockout" (KO) animals, the long-term regenerative potential of hepatocytes was unimpaired, and growth of aggressive experimental hepatoblastomas was only modestly slowed in the face of 80%-90% reductions in AcCoA and significant alterations in the levels of key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and amino acids. Overall, oxphos activity in KO livers and hepatoblastoma was comparable with that of control counterparts, with evidence that metabolic substrate abnormalities were compensated for by increased mitochondrial mass. These findings demonstrate that the biochemical link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle can be completely severed without affecting normal or neoplastic proliferation, even under the most demanding circumstances. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5795-807. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Jackson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Dolezal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rahul Deshpande
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frances Alencastro
- Department of Pathology, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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170
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Shen Y, Wen Z, Li Y, Matteson EL, Hong J, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Metabolic control of the scaffold protein TKS5 in tissue-invasive, proinflammatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1025-1034. [PMID: 28737753 PMCID: PMC5568495 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic T cells in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) infiltrate non-lymphoid tissue sites, maneuver through extracellular matrix and form lasting inflammatory microstructures. Here we found that RA T cells abundantly express the podosome scaffolding protein TKS5, which enables them to form tissue-invasive membrane structures. TKS5 overexpression was regulated by the intracellular metabolic environment of RA T cells-specifically, by reduced glycolytic flux that led to deficiencies in ATP and pyruvate. ATPlopyruvatelo conditions triggered fatty acid biosynthesis and the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Restoration of pyruvate production or inhibition of fatty acid synthesis corrected the tissue-invasiveness of RA T cells in vivo and reversed their proarthritogenic behavior. Thus, metabolic control of T cell locomotion provides new opportunities to interfere with T cell invasion into specific tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yinyin Li
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric L. Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jison Hong
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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171
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Lanning NJ, Castle JP, Singh SJ, Leon AN, Tovar EA, Sanghera A, MacKeigan JP, Filipp FV, Graveel CR. Metabolic profiling of triple-negative breast cancer cells reveals metabolic vulnerabilities. Cancer Metab 2017; 5:6. [PMID: 28852500 PMCID: PMC5568171 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-017-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among breast cancers, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype has the worst prognosis with no approved targeted therapies and only standard chemotherapy as the backbone of systemic therapy. Unique metabolic changes in cancer progression provide innovative therapeutic opportunities. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and MET receptor are highly expressed in TNBC, making both promising therapeutic targets. RTK signaling profoundly alters cellular metabolism by increasing glucose consumption and subsequently diverting glucose carbon sources into metabolic pathways necessary to support the tumorigenesis. Therefore, detailed metabolic profiles of TNBC subtypes and their response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors may identify therapeutic sensitivities. Methods We quantified the metabolic profiles of TNBC cell lines representing multiple TNBC subtypes using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In addition, we subjected MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, Hs578T, and HCC70 cell lines to metabolic flux analysis of basal and maximal glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative rates. Metabolic pool size and flux measurements were performed in the presence and absence of the MET inhibitor, INC280/capmatinib, and the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. Further, the sensitivities of these cells to modulators of core metabolic pathways were determined. In addition, we annotated a rate-limiting metabolic enzymes library and performed a siRNA screen in combination with MET or EGFR inhibitors to validate synergistic effects. Results TNBC cell line models displayed significant metabolic heterogeneity with respect to basal and maximal metabolic rates and responses to RTK and metabolic pathway inhibitors. Comprehensive systems biology analysis of metabolic perturbations, combined siRNA and tyrosine kinase inhibitor screens identified a core set of TCA cycle and fatty acid pathways whose perturbation sensitizes TNBC cells to small molecule targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases. Conclusions Similar to the genomic heterogeneity observed in TNBC, our results reveal metabolic heterogeneity among TNBC subtypes and demonstrate that understanding metabolic profiles and drug responses may prove valuable in targeting TNBC subtypes and identifying therapeutic susceptibilities in TNBC patients. Perturbation of metabolic pathways sensitizes TNBC to inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Such metabolic vulnerabilities offer promise for effective therapeutic targeting for TNBC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-017-0168-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Lanning
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Joshua P Castle
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Simar J Singh
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, 2500 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | - Andre N Leon
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tovar
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Amandeep Sanghera
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, 2500 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | - Jeffrey P MacKeigan
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA.,College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan St. NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Fabian V Filipp
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, 2500 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | - Carrie R Graveel
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
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172
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Carvalho-Cruz P, Alisson-Silva F, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:481-491. [PMID: 28722313 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E-cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N-cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP-GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O-GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O-GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O-GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481-491, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carvalho-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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173
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Mauvoisin D, Atger F, Dayon L, Núñez Galindo A, Wang J, Martin E, Da Silva L, Montoliu I, Collino S, Martin FP, Ratajczak J, Cantó C, Kussmann M, Naef F, Gachon F. Circadian and Feeding Rhythms Orchestrate the Diurnal Liver Acetylome. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1729-1743. [PMID: 28813682 PMCID: PMC5568034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is involved in various biological processes and is considered a key reversible post-translational modification in the regulation of gene expression, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization. This post-translational modification is therefore highly relevant in the context of circadian biology, but its characterization on the proteome-wide scale and its circadian clock dependence are still poorly described. Here, we provide a comprehensive and rhythmic acetylome map of the mouse liver. Rhythmic acetylated proteins showed subcellular localization-specific phases that correlated with the related metabolites in the regulated pathways. Mitochondrial proteins were over-represented among the rhythmically acetylated proteins and were highly correlated with SIRT3-dependent deacetylation. SIRT3 activity being nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ level-dependent, we show that NAD+ is orchestrated by both feeding rhythms and the circadian clock through the NAD+ salvage pathway but also via the nicotinamide riboside pathway. Hence, the diurnal acetylome relies on a functional circadian clock and affects important diurnal metabolic pathways in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mauvoisin
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Atger
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jingkui Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Da Silva
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Montoliu
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Collino
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois-Pierre Martin
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Cantó
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Systems Nutrition, Metabonomics & Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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174
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Santos AL, Lindner AB. Protein Posttranslational Modifications: Roles in Aging and Age-Related Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5716409. [PMID: 28894508 PMCID: PMC5574318 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5716409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of biochemical and physiological function in an individual. Consequently, aging is a major risk factor for diseases like cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging are not well understood, nor is the relationship between aging and the onset of diseases. One of the hallmarks of aging is a decrease in cellular proteome homeostasis, allowing abnormal proteins to accumulate. This phenomenon is observed in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, suggesting that the underlying molecular processes are evolutionarily conserved. Similar protein aggregation occurs in the pathogenesis of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Further, protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), either spontaneous or physiological/pathological, are emerging as important markers of aging and aging-related diseases, though clear causality has not yet been firmly established. This review presents an overview of the interplay of PTMs in aging-associated molecular processes in eukaryotic aging models. Understanding PTM roles in aging could facilitate targeted therapies or interventions for age-related diseases. In addition, the study of PTMs in prokaryotes is highlighted, revealing the potential of simple prokaryotic models to uncover complex aging-associated molecular processes in the emerging field of microbiogerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001, Université Paris Descartes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ariel B. Lindner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001, Université Paris Descartes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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175
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Metabolic control of T H17 and induced T reg cell balance by an epigenetic mechanism. Nature 2017; 548:228-233. [PMID: 28783731 PMCID: PMC6701955 DOI: 10.1038/nature23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has been shown to integrate with epigenetics and transcription to modulate cell fate and function. Beyond meeting the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of T-cell differentiation, whether metabolism might control T-cell fate by an epigenetic mechanism is unclear. Here, through the discovery and mechanistic characterization of a small molecule, (aminooxy)acetic acid, that reprograms the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells towards induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells, we show that increased transamination, mainly catalysed by GOT1, leads to increased levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate in differentiating TH17 cells. The accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate resulted in hypermethylation of the Foxp3 gene locus and inhibited Foxp3 transcription, which is essential for fate determination towards TH17 cells. Inhibition of the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutaric acid prevented the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, reduced methylation of the Foxp3 gene locus, and increased Foxp3 expression. This consequently blocked the differentiation of TH17 cells by antagonizing the function of transcription factor RORγt and promoted polarization into iTreg cells. Selective inhibition of GOT1 with (aminooxy)acetic acid ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a therapeutic mouse model by regulating the balance between TH17 and iTreg cells. Targeting a glutamate-dependent metabolic pathway thus represents a new strategy for developing therapeutic agents against TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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176
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Epigenetic Regulation of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081740. [PMID: 28796178 PMCID: PMC5578130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion in obesity leads to changes in the expression of adipokines, adipocyte-specific hormones that can regulate whole body energy metabolism. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a mechanism by which cells can alter gene expression through the modifications of DNA and histones. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are intimately tied to energy metabolism due to their dependence on metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosylmethionine and acetyl-CoA. Altered expression of adipokines in obesity may be due to epigenetic changes. The goal of this review is to highlight current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of adipokines.
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177
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Fu J, Li Y, Wang L, Zhen L, Yang Q, Li P, Li X. Bovine serum albumin and skim-milk improve boar sperm motility by enhancing energy metabolism and protein modifications during liquid storage at 17 °C. Theriogenology 2017; 102:87-97. [PMID: 28756326 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and skim-milk have been reported to improve sperm quality, primarily by enhancing sperm motility, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, boar semen samples were collected and diluted with Androstar® Plus extender containing different concentrations (0, 2, 4 g/l) of BSA and skim-milk. On days 0, 3, 5 and 7, the sperm motility parameters were determined using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and the ATP concentrations, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using commercial kits. The levels of protein phosphorylation, acylation and ubiquitination were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that supplementation with BSA and skim-milk provided higher sperm motility parameters, ATP levels, GAPDH activity and mitochondrial membrane potential than the control group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that the levels of protein phosphorylation, acetylation and succinylation of the spermatozoa in the treated groups were dramatically higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Though the protein ubiquitination level had a decreasing trend, the change in ubiquitination modification was not significantly different between the control group and treated groups. Moreover, the changes in protein modifications between the BSA treated group and skim-milk treated group were not distinctly dissimilar. Taken together, these results suggest that BSA and skim-milk had a positive role in the regulation of boar sperm motility by influencing sperm protein modifications changes as well as increasing the GAPDH activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular ATP content. This research provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BSA and skim-milk protective effects on boar sperm in the male reproductive system and suggests the feasibility of using skim-milk instead of BSA as a boar semen extender supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linqing Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiangzhen Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peifei Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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178
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Interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke: An epigenetic connection. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:176-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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179
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Mason JA, Hagel KR, Hawk MA, Schafer ZT. Metabolism during ECM Detachment: Achilles Heel of Cancer Cells? Trends Cancer 2017; 3:475-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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180
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Sun S, Liu J, Zhao M, Han Y, Chen P, Mo Q, Wang B, Chen G, Fang Y, Tian Y, Zhou J, Ma D, Gao Q, Wu P. Loss of the novel mitochondrial protein FAM210B promotes metastasis via PDK4-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2870. [PMID: 28594398 PMCID: PMC5520928 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor metabolism have revealed that metabolic reprogramming could dramatically promote caner metastasis. However, the relation and mechanism between metastasis and metabolic reprogramming are not thoroughly explored. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion analysis were performed to evaluate the role of FAM210B in human cancer cells. Human ovarian cancer xenograft model was used to determine the effects of inhibiting FAM210B by shRNA on tumor metastasis. Microarray analysis was used to determine the target genes of FAM210B. FAM210B cellular localization was performed by mitochondria isolation and mitochondria protein extraction. To detect FAM210B-mediated metabolic reprogramming, oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were measured. Our previous study screened a novel cancer progression-suppressor gene, FAM210B, which encodes an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, by the suppression of mortality by antisense rescue technique (SMART). Here we demonstrated that FAM210B loss was significantly associated with cancer metastasis and decreased survival in a clinical setting. Additionally, it was found that low expression of FAM210B was significantly correlated with decreased survival and enhanced metastasis in vivo and in vitro, and the loss of FAM210B led to an increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reduced glycolysis through the downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), which activated the EMT program and enhanced migratory and invasive properties. Collectively, our data unveil a potential metabolic target and mechanism of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Meisong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yingyan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Pingbo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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181
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Thompson RM, Dytfeld D, Reyes L, Robinson RM, Smith B, Manevich Y, Jakubowiak A, Komarnicki M, Przybylowicz-Chalecka A, Szczepaniak T, Mitra AK, Van Ness BG, Luczak M, Dolloff NG. Glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 synergizes with carfilzomib in resistant multiple myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:35863-35876. [PMID: 28415782 PMCID: PMC5482623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Curative responses in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) are limited by the emergence of therapeutic resistance. To address this problem, we set out to identify druggable mechanisms that convey resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs; e.g., bortezomib), which are cornerstone agents in the treatment of MM. In isogenic pairs of PI sensitive and resistant cells, we observed stark differences in cellular bioenergetics between the divergent phenotypes. PI resistant cells exhibited increased mitochondrial respiration driven by glutamine as the principle fuel source. To target glutamine-induced respiration in PI resistant cells, we utilized the glutaminase-1 inhibitor, CB-839. CB-839 inhibited mitochondrial respiration and was more cytotoxic in PI resistant cells as a single agent. Furthermore, we found that CB-839 synergistically enhanced the activity of multiple PIs with the most dramatic synergy being observed with carfilzomib (Crflz), which was confirmed in a panel of genetically diverse PI sensitive and resistant MM cells. Mechanistically, CB-839 enhanced Crflz-induced ER stress and apoptosis, characterized by a robust induction of ATF4 and CHOP and the activation of caspases. Our findings suggest that the acquisition of PI resistance involves adaptations in cellular bioenergetics, supporting the combination of CB-839 with Crflz for the treatment of refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravyn M. Thompson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dominik Dytfeld
- Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Reeder M. Robinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brittany Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yefim Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdalena Luczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nathan G. Dolloff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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182
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Goodwin J, Neugent ML, Lee SY, Choe JH, Choi H, Jenkins DMR, Ruthenborg RJ, Robinson MW, Jeong JY, Wake M, Abe H, Takeda N, Endo H, Inoue M, Xuan Z, Yoo H, Chen M, Ahn JM, Minna JD, Helke KL, Singh PK, Shackelford DB, Kim JW. The distinct metabolic phenotype of lung squamous cell carcinoma defines selective vulnerability to glycolytic inhibition. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15503. [PMID: 28548087 PMCID: PMC5458561 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) are the two predominant subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are distinct in their histological, molecular and clinical presentation. However, metabolic signatures specific to individual NSCLC subtypes remain unknown. Here, we perform an integrative analysis of human NSCLC tumour samples, patient-derived xenografts, murine model of NSCLC, NSCLC cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and reveal a markedly elevated expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter in lung SqCC, which augments glucose uptake and glycolytic flux. We show that a critical reliance on glycolysis renders lung SqCC vulnerable to glycolytic inhibition, while lung ADC exhibits significant glucose independence. Clinically, elevated GLUT1-mediated glycolysis in lung SqCC strongly correlates with high 18F-FDG uptake and poor prognosis. This previously undescribed metabolic heterogeneity of NSCLC subtypes implicates significant potential for the development of diagnostic, prognostic and targeted therapeutic strategies for lung SqCC, a cancer for which existing therapeutic options are clinically insufficient. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are distinct subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, the authors show that increased glycolytic flux, via increased glucose transporter Glut1 expression, is a core metabolic feature of squamous cell carcinoma that renders it sensitive to glycolysis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Goodwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Michael L Neugent
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Joshua H Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.,St Mark's School of Texas, Dallas, Texas 75230, USA
| | - Hyunsung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Dana M R Jenkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Robin J Ruthenborg
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Maddox W Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Masaki Wake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hajime Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.,The Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Hyuntae Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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183
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Zhang W, Liu T, Dong H, Bai H, Tian F, Shi Z, Chen M, Wang J, Qin W, Qian X. Synthesis of a Highly Azide-Reactive and Thermosensitive Biofunctional Reagent for Efficient Enrichment and Large-Scale Identification of O-GlcNAc Proteins by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5810-5817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhang
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Hangyan Dong
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Haihong Bai
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Fang Tian
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhaomei Shi
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- National
Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PR China
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184
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Cao Y, Wang RH. Associations among Metabolism, Circadian Rhythm and Age-Associated Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:314-333. [PMID: 28580187 PMCID: PMC5440111 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological studies have implicated a strong link between age associated metabolic diseases and cancer, though direct and irrefutable evidence is missing. In this review, we discuss the connection between Warburg effects and tumorigenesis, as well as adaptive responses to environment such as circadian rhythms on molecular pathways involved in metabolism. We also review the central role of the sirtuin family of proteins in physiological modulation of cellular processes and age-associated metabolic diseases. We also provide a macroscopic view of how the circadian rhythm affects metabolism and may be involved in cell metabolism reprogramming and cancer pathogenesis. The aberrations in metabolism and the circadian system may lead to age-associated diseases directly or through intermediates. These intermediates may be either mutated or reprogrammed, thus becoming responsible for chromatin modification and oncogene transcription. Integration of circadian rhythm and metabolic reprogramming in the holistic understanding of metabolic diseases and cancer may provide additional insights into human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Cao
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
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185
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Chao T, Wang H, Ho PC. Mitochondrial Control and Guidance of Cellular Activities of T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28484465 PMCID: PMC5401871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells protect us against infection and cancer cells, as well as functioning during healing processes to support tissue repairing and regeneration. These behaviors require that upon stimulation from immune activation the appropriate subsets of immune cells are generated. In addition to activation-induced signaling cascades, metabolic reprogramming (profound changes in metabolic pathways) also provides a novel form of regulation to control the formation of desirable immune responses. Immune cells encounter various nutrient compositions by circulating in bloodstream and infiltrating into peripheral tissues; therefore, proper engagement of metabolic pathways is critical to fulfill the metabolic demands of immune cells. Metabolic pathways are tightly regulated mainly via mitochondrial dynamics and the activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain. In this review, we will discuss how metabolic reprogramming influences activation, effector functions, and lineage polarization in T cells, with a particular focus on mitochondria-regulated metabolic checkpoints. Additionally, we will further explore how in various diseases deregulation and manipulation of mitochondrial regulation can occur and be exploited. Furthermore, we will discuss how this knowledge can facilitate the design of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Chao
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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186
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Ren J, Sang Y, Lu J, Yao YF. Protein Acetylation and Its Role in Bacterial Virulence. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:768-779. [PMID: 28462789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a universal post-translational modification which is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This process is achieved enzymatically by the protein acetyltransferase Pat, and nonenzymatically by metabolic intermediates (e.g., acetyl phosphate) in bacteria. Protein acetylation plays a role in bacterial chemotaxis, metabolism, DNA replication, and other cellular processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that protein acetylation might be involved in bacterial virulence because a number of bacterial virulence factors are acetylated. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding bacterial protein acetylation and discuss how it mediates bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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187
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Upadhyaya B, Larsen T, Barwari S, Louwagie EJ, Baack ML, Dey M. Prenatal Exposure to a Maternal High-Fat Diet Affects Histone Modification of Cardiometabolic Genes in Newborn Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:E407. [PMID: 28425976 PMCID: PMC5409746 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born to women with diabetes or obesity are exposed to excess circulating fuels during fetal heart development and are at higher risk of cardiac diseases. We have previously shown that late-gestation diabetes, especially in conjunction with a maternal high-fat (HF) diet, impairs cardiac functions in rat-offspring. This study investigated changes in genome-wide histone modifications in newborn hearts from rat-pups exposed to maternal diabetes and HF-diet. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed a differential peak distribution on gene promoters in exposed pups with respect to acetylation of lysines 9 and 14 and to trimethylation of lysines 4 and 27 in histone H3 (all, false discovery rate, FDR < 0.1). In the HF-diet exposed offspring, 54% of the annotated genes showed the gene-activating mark trimethylated lysine 4. Many of these genes (1) are associated with the "metabolic process" in general and particularly with "positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis" (FDR = 0.03); (2) overlap with 455 quantitative trait loci for blood pressure, body weight, serum cholesterol (all, FDR < 0.1); and (3) are linked to cardiac disease susceptibility/progression, based on disease ontology analyses and scientific literature. These results indicate that maternal HF-diet changes the cardiac histone signature in offspring suggesting a fuel-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of cardiac tissue in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Upadhyaya
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Shivon Barwari
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Eli J Louwagie
- Sanford School of Medicine-University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
| | - Michelle L Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
- Sanford School of Medicine-University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
- Children's Health Specialty Clinic, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57117, USA.
| | - Moul Dey
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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188
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The Immunosuppressant Mycophenolic Acid Alters Nucleotide and Lipid Metabolism in an Intestinal Cell Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45088. [PMID: 28327659 PMCID: PMC5361167 DOI: 10.1038/srep45088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on human intestinal cells. Effects of MPA exposure and guanosine supplementation on nucleotide concentrations in LS180 cells were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Proteomics analysis was carried out using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture combined with gel-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and lipidome analysis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Despite supplementation, depletion of guanosine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 and 72 h; 5, 100, and 250 μM MPA) and upregulation of uridine and cytidine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 h; 5 μM MPA) occurred after exposure to MPA. MPA significantly altered 35 proteins mainly related to nucleotide-dependent processes and lipid metabolism. Cross-reference with previous studies of MPA-associated protein changes widely corroborated these results, but showed differences that may be model- and/or method-dependent. MPA exposure increased intracellular concentrations of fatty acids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine (p < 0.01 at 72 h; 100 μM MPA) which corresponded to the changes in lipid-metabolizing proteins. MPA affected intracellular nucleotide levels, nucleotide-dependent processes, expression of structural proteins, fatty acid and lipid metabolism in LS180 cells. These changes may compromise intestinal membrane integrity and contribute to gastrointestinal toxicity.
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189
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the last years, metabolic reprogramming, fluctuations in bioenergetic fuels, and modulation of oxidative stress became new key hallmarks of tumor development. In cancer, elevated glucose uptake and high glycolytic rate, as a source of adenosine triphosphate, constitute a growth advantage for tumors. This represents the universally known Warburg effect, which gave rise to one major clinical application for detecting cancer cells using glucose analogs: the positron emission tomography scan imaging. Recent Advances: Glucose utilization and carbon sources in tumors are much more heterogeneous than initially thought. Indeed, new studies emerged and revealed a dual capacity of tumor cells for glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. OXPHOS metabolism, which relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, exhibits fine-tuned regulation of respiratory chain complexes and enhanced antioxidant response or detoxification capacity. CRITICAL ISSUES OXPHOS-dependent cancer cells use alternative oxidizable substrates, such as glutamine and fatty acids. The diversity of carbon substrates fueling neoplastic cells is indicative of metabolic heterogeneity, even within tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. Metabolic switch supports cancer cell stemness and their bioenergy-consuming functions, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Moreover, reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial metabolism and nutrient availability are important for interaction with tumor microenvironment components. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and immune cells participate in the metabolic interplay with neoplastic cells. They collectively adapt in a dynamic manner to the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thus participating in tumorigenesis and resistance to treatments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the reciprocal metabolic interplay between stromal, immune, and neoplastic cells will provide a better understanding of treatment resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 462-485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gentric
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mieulet
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
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190
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Hyperglycemia exacerbates colon cancer malignancy through hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e306. [PMID: 28319096 PMCID: PMC5533945 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetes mellitus, considered as a risk factor for cancer. However, its direct effects in cancer cell behavior are relatively unexplored. Herein we show that high glucose concentration induces aberrant glycosylation, increased cell proliferation, invasion and tumor progression of colon cancer. By modulating the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), we demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is involved in those processes. Biopsies from patients with colon carcinoma show increased levels of GFAT and consequently aberrant glycans’ expression suggesting an increase of HBP flow in human colon cancer. All together, our results open the possibility that HBP links hyperglycemia, aberrant glycosylation and tumor malignancy, and suggest this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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191
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Lee C, An D, Park J. Hyperglycemic memory in metabolism and cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 26:77-85. [PMID: 27227713 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent evidence strongly suggests that prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia can epigenetically modify gene expression profiles in human cells and that this effect is sustained even after hyperglycemic control is therapeutically achieved; this phenomenon is called hyperglycemic memory. This metabolic memory effect contributes substantially to the pathology of various diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. Due to the metabolic memory in cells, diabetic patients suffer from various complications, even after hyperglycemia is controlled. With regard to this strong association between diabetes and cancer risk, cancer cells have emerged as key target cells of hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the recent understandings of the molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemic memory in metabolism and cancer.
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192
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Abstract
For almost all cells, nutrient availability, from glucose to amino acids, dictates their growth or developmental programs. This nutrient availability is closely coupled to the overall intracellular metabolic state of the cell. Therefore, cells have evolved diverse, robust and versatile modules to sense intracellular metabolic states, activate signaling outputs and regulate outcomes to these states. Yet, signaling and metabolism have been viewed as important but separate. This short review attempts to position aspects of intracellular signaling from a metabolic perspective, highlighting how conserved, core principles of metabolic sensing and signaling can emerge from an understanding of metabolic regulation. I briefly explain the nature of metabolic sensors, using the example of the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) as an "energy sensing" hub. Subsequently, I explore how specific central metabolites, particularly acetyl-CoA, but also S -adenosyl methionine and SAICAR, can act as signaling molecules. I extensively illustrate the nature of a metabolic signaling hub using the specific example of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), and amino acid sensing. A highlight is the emergence of the lysosome/vacuole as a metabolic and signaling hub. Finally, the need to expand our understanding of the intracellular dynamics (in concentration and localization) of several metabolites, and their signaling hubs is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), NCBS Campus, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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193
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Kambach DM, Halim AS, Cauer A, Sun Q, Tristan CA, Celiku O, Kesarwala AH, Shankavaram U, Batchelor E, Stommel JM. Disabled cell density sensing leads to dysregulated cholesterol synthesis in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14860-14875. [PMID: 28118603 PMCID: PMC5362450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cellular transformation is the evasion of contact-dependent inhibition of growth. To find new therapeutic targets for glioblastoma, we looked for pathways that are inhibited by high cell density in astrocytes but not in glioma cells. Here we report that glioma cells have disabled the normal controls on cholesterol synthesis. At high cell density, astrocytes turn off cholesterol synthesis genes and have low cholesterol levels, but glioma cells keep this pathway on and maintain high cholesterol. Correspondingly, cholesterol pathway upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Densely-plated glioma cells increase oxygen consumption, aerobic glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway to synthesize cholesterol, resulting in a decrease in reactive oxygen species, TCA cycle intermediates, and ATP. This constitutive cholesterol synthesis is controlled by the cell cycle, as it can be turned off by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and it correlates with disabled cell cycle control though loss of p53 and RB. Finally, glioma cells, but not astrocytes, are sensitive to cholesterol synthesis inhibition downstream of the mevalonate pathway, suggesting that specifically targeting cholesterol synthesis might be an effective treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Kambach
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan S. Halim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A.Gesine Cauer
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos A. Tristan
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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194
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Fiorese CJ, Haynes CM. Integrating the UPR mt into the mitochondrial maintenance network. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:304-313. [PMID: 28276702 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1291577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is central to many different processes in the cell, from oxidative phosphorylation to the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a diverse array of diseases, from neurodegenerative diseases to cancer. Stress can be communicated to the cytosol and nucleus from the mitochondria through many different signals, and in response the cell can effect everything from transcriptional to post-transcriptional responses to protect the mitochondrial network. How these responses are coordinated have only recently begun to be understood. In this review, we explore how the cell maintains mitochondrial function, focusing on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a transcriptional response that can activate a wide array of programs to repair and restore mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Fiorese
- a Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA.,b BCMB Allied Program , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- a Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA.,b BCMB Allied Program , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
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195
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Chávez E, Lozano-Rosas MG, Domínguez-López M, Velasco-Loyden G, Rodríguez-Aguilera JR, José-Nuñez C, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Chagoya de Sánchez V. Functional, Metabolic, and Dynamic Mitochondrial Changes in the Rat Cirrhosis-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model and the Protective Effect of IFC-305. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:292-302. [PMID: 28209723 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrion is an important metabolic and energetic organelle that regulates several cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been related to liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result, the energetic demand is not properly supplied and mitochondrial morphologic changes have been observed, resulting in an altered metabolism. We previously demonstrated the chemopreventive effect of the hepatoprotector IFC-305. Aim: In this work we aimed to evaluate the functional, metabolic, and dynamic mitochondrial alterations in the sequential model of cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats and the possible beneficial effect of IFC-305. Methods: Experimental groups of rats were formed to induce cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma and to assess the IFC-305 effect during cancer development and progression through the evaluation of functional, metabolic, and dynamic mitochondrial parameters. Results: In this experimental model, dysfunctional mitochondria were observed and suspension of the diethylnitrosamine treatment was not enough to restore them. Administration of IFC-305 maintained and restored the mitochondrial function and regulated parameters implicated in metabolism as well as the mitochondrial dynamics modified by diethylnitrosamine intoxication. Conclusion: This study supports IFC-305 as a potential hepatocellular carcinoma treatment or as an adjuvant in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - María Guadalupe Lozano-Rosas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Mariana Domínguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Jesús Rafael Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Concepción José-Nuñez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (E.C., M.G.L.-R., M.D.-L., G.V.-L., J.R.R.-A., V.C.S.); and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (C.J.-N., M.T.G.-P.)
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196
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Abstract
Angiogenesis has traditionally been viewed from the perspective of how endothelial cells (ECs) coordinate migration and proliferation in response to growth factor activation to form new vessel branches. However, ECs must also coordinate their metabolism and adapt metabolic fluxes to the rising energy and biomass demands of branching vessels. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of such metabolic regulation in the endothelium and uncovered core metabolic pathways and mechanisms of regulation that drive the angiogenic process. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of EC metabolism, how it intersects with angiogenic signal transduction, and how alterations in metabolic pathways affect vessel morphogenesis. Understanding EC metabolism promises to reveal new perspectives on disease mechanisms in the vascular system with therapeutic implications for disorders with aberrant vessel growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; .,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, D-13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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197
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Abstract
Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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198
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ACSS2-mediated acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate is necessary for human cytomegalovirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1528-E1535. [PMID: 28167750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614268114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can induce a robust increase in lipid synthesis which is critical for the success of infection. In mammalian cells the central precursor for lipid biosynthesis, cytosolic acetyl CoA (Ac-CoA), is produced by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) from mitochondria-derived citrate or by acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) from acetate. It has been reported that ACLY is the primary enzyme involved in making cytosolic Ac-CoA in cells with abundant nutrients. However, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have shown that ACLY is not essential for HCMV growth and virally induced lipogenesis. Instead, we found that in HCMV-infected cells glucose carbon can be used for lipid synthesis by both ACLY and ACSS2 reactions. Further, the ACSS2 reaction can compensate for the loss of ACLY. However, in ACSS2-KO human fibroblasts both HCMV-induced lipogenesis from glucose and viral growth were sharply reduced. This reduction suggests that glucose-derived acetate is being used to synthesize cytosolic Ac-CoA by ACSS2. Previous studies have not established a mechanism for the production of acetate directly from glucose metabolism. Here we show that HCMV-infected cells produce more glucose-derived pyruvate, which can be converted to acetate through a nonenzymatic mechanism.
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199
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Downregulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 is a metabolic hallmark of tumor progression and aggressiveness in colorectal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:267-277. [PMID: 27713423 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 is an emerging key enzyme for cancer metabolism, which supplies acetyl-CoA for tumor cells by capturing acetate as a carbon source under stressed conditions. However, implications of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 in colorectal carcinoma may differ from other malignancies, because normal colonocytes use short-chain fatty acids as an energy source, which are supplied by fermentation of the intestinal flora. Here we analyzed acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 mRNA expression by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR in paired normal mucosa and tumor tissues of 12 colorectal carcinomas, and subsequently evaluated acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 157 premalignant colorectal lesions, including 60 conventional adenomas and 97 serrated polyps, 1,106 surgically resected primary colorectal carcinomas, and 23 metastatic colorectal carcinomas in the liver. In reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared with corresponding normal mucosa tissues. In acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 immunohistochemistry analysis, all 157 colorectal polyps showed moderate-to-strong expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2. However, cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 expression was downregulated (acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 low expression) in 771 (69.7%) of 1,106 colorectal carcinomas and 21 (91.3%) of 23 metastatic lesions. The colorectal carcinomas with acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression were significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, poor differentiation, and frequent tumor budding. Regarding the molecular aspect, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression exhibited a tendency of frequent KRT7 expression and decreased KRT20 and CDX2 expression. In survival analysis, acetyl-CoA synthetase-2-low expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor 5-year progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79; P=0.01). In conclusion, these findings suggest that downregulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase-2 expression is a metabolic hallmark of tumor progression and aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma.
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200
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Therapeutic properties of Scutellaria baicalensis in db/db mice evaluated using Connectivity Map and network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41711. [PMID: 28139721 PMCID: PMC5282526 DOI: 10.1038/srep41711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (ESB) has effects against obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic animal model (db/db mouse). In the present study, we tried to explain the pharmacological effects of ESB by integrating gene expression information from db/db mouse liver with that of ESB-treated HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Using Connectivity Map (cmap) analysis, we found an inverse relationship in the pharmaceutical profiles based on gene expression between db/db mouse liver and ESB-treated HepG2 cells. This inverse relationship between the two data sets was also observed for pathway activities. Functional network analysis showed that biological functions associated with diabetes and lipid metabolism were commonly enriched in both data sets. We also observed a similarity in distribution of cmap enrichment scores between db/db mouse liver and human diabetic liver, whereas there was an inverse pattern of cmap enrichment scores in human diabetic liver compared with ESB-treated HepG2 cells. This relationship might explain the pharmacological activities of ESB against db/db mouse and possible effectiveness of ESB against human diabetes. We expect that our approach using in vitro cell lines could be applied in predicting the pharmacological effectiveness of herbal drugs in in vivo systems.
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